identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
039D87F1FFA1187BFF79F885116FFC12.text	039D87F1FFA1187BFF79F885116FFC12.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eldarca Signoret 1864	<div><p>Eldarca Signoret, 1864</p><p>Eldarca Signoret, 1864: 557 (original description). Type species. Merocoris haematomerus Spinola, 1852 .</p><p>Eldarca: Stål (1867): 549 (key); Lethierry &amp; Severin (1894): 73 (catalog); Reed (1899): 14 (translation of original description); Packauskas (2010): 125 (catalog).</p><p>Diagnosis. Medium to small size (i.e. about 8 to 10 mm), elongated body, usually dark coloration, a broad antennal segment I, antenniferous tubercule with a little tooth (nearly vestigial in some species), bucculae elongated and evanescent in the posterior end, rostral segment I surpassing the bucculae, pronotum subtriangular with two rounded convex processes oriented posteriorly near humeral angles, anterolateral angles with two spine-like processes projected anteriorly, scutellum equilaterally triangulate, ostiolar peritreme short (reaching 1/3 of metapleuron), tibiae sulcate, and base of abdomen with a median truncate process.</p><p>Bionomics. The biology of the species of Eldarca is nearly unknown, only E. nigroscutellata sp. nov. is known to be associated with dunes, lower vegetation and alkaline environments; however I have observed different photos of E. haematomera and E. rufa, collected in dunes and/or lakes shores. Therefore I believe that this behavior and niche is shared by all the species on this genus. Additionally I believe possible the presence of several more undescribed species, but more collecting efforts are needed to get more specimens available to study.</p><p>Distribution. The genus Eldarca is currently represented by 4 species distributed from Central Chile, to Southern Patagonia in Chile and Argentina (Fig. 12), showing a classical Andean distribution. Eldarca haematomera is distributed in the Central Zone and surrounding area of Chile (mainly in highlands of Mediterranean zone) from Coquimbo to Maule Regions. This species was cited from Argentina by Pennington (1920, 1922) and Breddin (1897), but those records belong mainly to E. nigroscutellata; and the presence of the species in the middle of the country needs verification. Eldarca nigra was described just from “ Chili ” and the only exact known location is in the Araucanía Region, south of Chile. Eldarca rufa is distributed from Maule to Araucanía Regions in the south of Chile. Eldarca nigroscutellata is restricted to Magallanes Region in Chile and Santa Cruz province in Argentina, both in Southern Patagonia, which makes this species the southernmost distributed Coreid in South America.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039D87F1FFA1187BFF79F885116FFC12	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Faúndez, Eduardo I.	Faúndez, Eduardo I. (2015): Synopsis of the genus Eldarca Signoret, 1864 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Coreidae). Zootaxa 3915 (2): 287-294, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3915.2.8
039D87F1FFA0187BFF79FBCB17DCF82A.text	039D87F1FFA0187BFF79FBCB17DCF82A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eldarca haematomera subsp. haematomera (Spinola 1852) Spinola 1852	<div><p>Eldarca haematomera haematomera (Spinola, 1852)</p><p>(Figs 2, 6, 10, 12)</p><p>Merocoris haematomerus Spinola, 1852: 167 (original description).</p><p>Eldarca haematomera: Signoret (1864): 557 (descriptive notes, generic placement; Chile); Stål (1870) 186 (faunistics; Chile); Lethierry &amp; Severin (1894): 73 (catalog; Chile); Reed (1899). 14 (descriptive notes; Chile); Porter (1928): 222 (faunistics; central Chile: Panimavida); Porter (1929): 303 (faunistics; central Chile: Marga-Marga); Prado (2008): 48 (List) Packauskas (2010): 125 (catalog).</p><p>Material examined. CHILE: without data, 1 ♀ (USNM: E.C. Reed coll.); Metropolitan Region: Lagunillas, Cord. II-1977, L. E. Peña leg. 7 ♀ 4 ♂ (USNM); Alto de Cantillana, 1900 m, XII-1981, 3 ♀ (USNM); Farellones, 2200 m, 29-III-1983, 1 ♂ (USNM); Lagunillas, II-2009, leg. R. Pérez de Arce, 4 ♀ 3 ♂ (EIFC). Diagnosis. Dorsal color, blackish blue (Fig. 2), with a white median line on the head and anterior portion of pronotum, hemelytra with black patches on the anterolateral and posterior edges, membrane smoky, scutellum with a white band on each side, border of pronotum and abdomen (connexiva) white. Ventral color, blackish blue, and some specimens with lighter patches, ostiolar peritreme ivory, border of abdomen white, spiracles black, legs orange until ¾ of femora and remainder blackish blue.</p><p>Structure. Pronotum compact, bucculae little passing shortly posteriad of mesocoxae to reaching metacoxae. Female genitalia (Fig. 6): 1st gonocoxae acute and convex posteriorly, each sclerite nearly subrectangular; paratergite VIII subrectagular, longer than wide, apex slightly rounded and nearly transverse, paratergite IX wider than longer, robust, with subtriangular apex. Male genitalia: pygophore in ventral view nearly square shaped, with posterior edges rounded (Fig. 10).</p><p>Measurements (mm; mean male, followed by mean female in parenthesis): total length 8.24 (9.31); pronotum: width 2.60 (3.37), length 1.65 (2.33); head: width 1.54 (1.75), length 1.24 (1.59); antennae: I = 0.79, II = 0.87, III = 1.04, IV = 0.99; rostrum: I = 1.09, II = 0.85, III = 0.66, IV = 0.52.</p><p>Comment. This species is the most cited in the genus and the most abundant in collections; however several references have been removed because these belong to other taxa (see E. nigroscutellata).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039D87F1FFA0187BFF79FBCB17DCF82A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Faúndez, Eduardo I.	Faúndez, Eduardo I. (2015): Synopsis of the genus Eldarca Signoret, 1864 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Coreidae). Zootaxa 3915 (2): 287-294, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3915.2.8
039D87F1FFA5187EFF79FF691644FD8D.text	039D87F1FFA5187EFF79FF691644FD8D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eldarca haematomera subsp. rufipes Reed 1899	<div><p>Eldarca haematomera rufipes Reed, 1899 stat. nov.</p><p>Eldarca haematomera var. rufipes Reed, 1899: 14 (original description).</p><p>Material examined. Syntypes: Chile, 2 ♀ (USNM: E. C. Reed coll.). Other material: O’Higgins Region, Los Arrayanes, NW Rancagua, 1500 m, XI-1987, leg. R. Marín, 3 ♀ (USNM).</p><p>Diagnosis. As E. haematomera haematomera, but having reddish coloration on antennal segment I, posterior portion of pronotum, patches on hemelytra and ventral portion; legs unicolor (entirely reddish).</p><p>Comment. This taxon was erected by Reed (1899) as a variety of E. haematomera; actually according the ICZN (1999) it has subspecific rank. The Reed syntypes are two females in poor condition; these types match with a small series of female specimens examined from O’Higgins region in Chile. There is one male from Coquimbo region which has a similar pattern and a very different pygophore, it could belong to this species or to an undescribed one. To clarify the situation of this taxon the examination of more material is needed, especially males associated with females. For this reason we currently consider it a valid subspecies of E. haematomera .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039D87F1FFA5187EFF79FF691644FD8D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Faúndez, Eduardo I.	Faúndez, Eduardo I. (2015): Synopsis of the genus Eldarca Signoret, 1864 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Coreidae). Zootaxa 3915 (2): 287-294, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3915.2.8
039D87F1FFA5187EFF79FD3A1067FAC2.text	039D87F1FFA5187EFF79FD3A1067FAC2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eldarca nigra Signoret 1864	<div><p>Eldarca nigra Signoret, 1864</p><p>(Figs. 3, 7, 12)</p><p>Eldarca nigra Signoret, 1864: 558 (original description).</p><p>Eldarca nigra: Lethierry &amp; Severin (1894): 73 (faunistics; Chile); Reed (1899): 37 (descriptive notes; Chile); Porter (1917): 193 (faunistics: Chile); Prado (2008): 49 (list) Packauskas (2010): 125 (catalog).</p><p>Material examined. CHILE, Araucanía Region, Cdra. Las Raíces, Malleco, I-1995, 1 ♀ (USNM).</p><p>Diagnosis. Coloration entirely black (Fig. 3) except a ventral portion of the abdomen which is creamy dark, and legs until ¾ of coxae orange colored. Female genitalia (Fig. 7): 1st gonocoxae nearly deltoid, basal edges with strongly rounded corners and dorsal portion forming a half-circle, paratergite VIII near rhomboid, little longer than wider, apex strongly sharpened, paratergite IX, wider than high, slightly pointed apically.</p><p>Measurements (mm): Total length: 9.46; pronotum: width: 3.29, length 2.07; head width: 1.83, length 1.43; antennae: I = 0.78, II = 1.09, III = 1.39, IV = 1.14; rostrum: I = 1.23, II = 0.94, III = 0.70, IV = 0.86.</p><p>Comment. This species is so far known only from the type specimen and its type locality “ Chile ”. Porter (1917) gave some records in the Araucanía Region and the far north; however the locality in the north is doubtful and very improbable. Additionally the specimens are not available for study. Thus we currently consider this species restricted to the Araucanía Region in Chile (Fig. 12).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039D87F1FFA5187EFF79FD3A1067FAC2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Faúndez, Eduardo I.	Faúndez, Eduardo I. (2015): Synopsis of the genus Eldarca Signoret, 1864 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Coreidae). Zootaxa 3915 (2): 287-294, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3915.2.8
039D87F1FFA5187FFF79FA861159FE05.text	039D87F1FFA5187FFF79FA861159FE05.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eldarca rufa Reed 1899	<div><p>Eldarca rufa Reed, 1899 stat. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 4, 8, 11, 12)</p><p>Eldarca haematomera var. rufa Reed, 1899: 14 (original description).</p><p>Material examined. Lectotype (here designated): CHILE: ♀ (USNM: E. C. Reed coll.). Other material: Bío Bío Region: Talcahuano, 1 ♂ (USNM); Laja Laja, 16-I-1987, 2 ♀ (USNM); Araucanía Region: Cordillera Las Raíces, Malleco 1100–1200 m, II-1979, L. E. Peña leg., 3 ♂ 2 ♀ (USNM); Malcahuelo, Malleco, XI-1966, L. E. Peña leg., 1 ♂ (USNM).</p><p>Diagnosis. General coloration reddish except the antennal segments II to IV and several black patches on the edges of pronotum, scutellum, and abdomen; ventral coloration variable among specimens (Fig. 4); body surrounded dorsally by a white wide line from pronotum to connexiva and ventrally from thorax to abdomen; scutellum with white bands on each side, a medial white line across the head and anterior portion of pronotum, cicatrices with black spots in the mesial limit, spiracles black. Rostrum reaching mesocoxae. Female geniatlia (Fig. 8): 1st gonocoxae rounded anteriorly and very pointed posteriorly, each gonocoxite subrhomboid, paratergites VIII little higher than wider, apex sharpened, paratergites IX nearly rectangular, wider than longer. Male genitalia: pygophore in ventral view pentagonal, truncate in basal half and with a flat dilatation in the posterior edge, lateral margins convex (Fig. 11).</p><p>Measurements (mm; male mean, female mean follows in parentheses): total length: 9.83 (10.34); pronotum: width 2.22 (3.40), length: 2.42 (2.58); head: width 1.37 (1.90), length: 1.49 (1.58); antennae: I = 0.87, II = 1.07, III = 1.33, IV = 1.45; rostrum: I = 0.91, II = 0.98, III = 0.46, IV = 0.71.</p><p>Comments. This taxon was erected by Reed (1899) as a variety of E. haematomera from Cauquenes, Maule, Chile. The discovery of the Reed’s type material and newly collected specimens helped to define its taxonomic situation. The general coloration as well as male and female genitalia differs significantly from E. haematomera (see Figs. 4, 8, 11 and 2, 6, 10). In addition, both species differ in distribution (Fig. 12). Thus we believe this taxon deserve full specific rank.</p><p>The lectotype of this species according to Reed (1899) was collected on Maule Region which is the northern distribution limit of this species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039D87F1FFA5187FFF79FA861159FE05	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Faúndez, Eduardo I.	Faúndez, Eduardo I. (2015): Synopsis of the genus Eldarca Signoret, 1864 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Coreidae). Zootaxa 3915 (2): 287-294, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3915.2.8
039D87F1FFA4187CFF79FDB91192FCC8.text	039D87F1FFA4187CFF79FDB91192FCC8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eldarca nigroscutellata	<div><p>Eldarca nigroscutellata sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 1, 5, 9, 12, 13, 14)</p><p>Eldarca haematomera (misidentification): Breddin (1897): 26 (faunistics; Argentina: Santa Cruz)</p><p>Type material. Holotype: CHILE, Magallanes Region, Pali Aike, 17-II-1991, L. E. Peña leg. 1♂ (USNM). Paratypes: same data as holotype 4 ♂ 1 ♀ (USNM, 1 ♂ EIFC); CHILE, Magallanes Region: Cerro Castillo, 22-II- 1991, Leg. L. E. Peña, 17 ♂ 14 ♀; Parque Nacional Torres del Paine, Laguna Azul-Laguna Amarga, 24-I-1981, Leg. J. Petersen 2 ♂ 3 ♀ (EIFC, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ IPUM); Parque Nacional Torres del Paine, I-2004, Leg. A. Zúñiga, 3 ♀ (EIFC). ARGENTINA: Santa Cruz Province: P. N. Los Glaciares, Moreno Glacier, 50˚28′S-73˚02′W, 27-II-1982, A. C. Ashworth leg., glacier margin, pitfall traps in an area of sparse vegetation, 1 ♀ (EIFC); East end of Lago Argentino 50˚12′S-71˚57′W, 28-II-1982, A. C. Ashworth leg., Magellan steppe, in sand, patchy vegetation on active dunes, 1 ♂ (EIFC).</p><p>Description. General body features: general coloration blackish blue, with ivory patterns on sides (Fig. 1); body entirely covered by a dense and fine concolorous punctation and by small and dense whitish pilosity.</p><p>Head: Wider than long, apex pointed, blackish blue colored with an ivory median line; eyes slightly prominent, dark-reddish with an ivory line in the perimeter; ocelli circular, red, located backwards the eyes and not contiguous with pronotum; antennae blackish blue, antennal segment I very convex in the inner margin, II and III cylindrical, IV cylindrical with rounded apex; antenniferous tubercle with a small tooth in the external side; rostrum reaching or barely surpassing the mesocoxae, blackish blue.</p><p>Thorax: Pronotum subtriangular, blackish-blue colored with an ivory line in the lateral margins, anterolateral margins sharpened, produced anteriorly, humeral angles rounded, not projected, posterior margin with convex projections on each side of scutellum. Scutellum nearly equilaterally triangulate, blackish blue. Hemelytra reaching the end of abdomen; clavus semirectangular, meeting beyond the end of scutellum; corium blackish-blue with an ivory patch in the anterolateral portion and in the posterior magin; membrane smoky with numerous longitudinal veins; ostiolar peritreme lobulate, very short, reaching ¼ of the metapleuron; evaporatoria rugose, restricted to a small patch surrounding the peritreme, present in metapleuron and a small portion of mesopleuron; osteolar plate with bulbous aspect. Legs bicolored, reddish orange up to ¾ of femora, extant portion blackish blue, tibae with a median sulcus, tarsi 3-segmented.</p><p>Abdomen: Connexiva ivory colored; abdomen convex with a rounded margin, each connexival segment subrectangular; ventral portion of the abdomen blackish blue colored, with ivory margins, base of abdomen ventrally with a median truncate process reaching the metacoxae; spiracles dark (blackish or brownish).</p><p>Female genitalia (Fig. 5): 1st gonocoxae truncate anteriorly, each gonocoxite with the shape of one fourth of circle, posterior margin convex, slightly pointed; paratergite VIII subrectangular, longer than wider, posterior margin rounded and convex; paratergite IX nearly square; spermatheca (Fig. 13): spermathecal bulb dilated apically, constricted basally, spermathecal duct slightly rolled, spermathecal pump rounded.</p><p>Male genitalia: pygophore pentagonal in ventral view, lateral sides not projected, nearly straight (Fig. 9), presence of a truncate depression in caudal view; parameres hook shaped, proximal lobe bigger than distal lobe, distal lobe acute and sharpened (Fig. 14).</p><p>Measurements (mm; male mean, female mean follows in parentheses): total length: 9.38 (9.70); pronotum: width: 3.40 (3.48), length: 2.22 (2.21); head: width 1.73 (1.76), length 1.50 (1.50); antennae: I = 0.93, II = 1.10, III = 1.38, IV = 1.26; rostrum: I = 1.07, II = 0.97, III = 0.48, IV = 0.81.</p><p>Differential diagnosis. Eldarca nigroscutellata sp. nov. can be differentiated from E. nigra by having ivory borders of pronotum and connexiva; whereas E. nigra is completely black; also in the female genitalia, the first gonocoxae are more truncated in E. nigroscutellata, whereas it is more rounded in E. nigra; the paratergite VIII is subrectangular in E. nigroscutellata; and rhomboid in E. nigra .</p><p>From E. haematomera it can by differentiated by the male pygophore which is pentagonal in E. nigroscutellata and square shaped in E. haematomera n the female genitalia the first gonocoxae are slightly pointed apically in E. nigroscutellata and very acute apically in E. haematomera; the scutellum is unicolor in E. nigroscutellata, whereas it has ivory bands on the sides in E. haematomera .</p><p>From E. rufa it can be differentiated by the dorsal coloration which is blackish blue in E. nigroscutellata and reddish in E. rufa; the scutellum is unicolor in E. nigroscutellata, whereas it has ivory bands on the sides in E. rufa; the legs are bicolor in E. nigroscutellata, whereas legs are unicolor in E. rufa; the male pygophore has nearly straight lateral margins in E. nigroscutellata; the lateral margins in E. rufa are strongly inclinated and convex; in the female genitalia the first valvifer is more pointed in E. rufa than in E. nigroscutellata, and the first paratergites are subrectangular in E. nigroscutellata; and rhomboid in E. rufa .</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet is a Latin composed adjective nigroscutellatus (- a, - um), given in reference to the unicolorous blackish scutellum of this species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039D87F1FFA4187CFF79FDB91192FCC8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Faúndez, Eduardo I.	Faúndez, Eduardo I. (2015): Synopsis of the genus Eldarca Signoret, 1864 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Coreidae). Zootaxa 3915 (2): 287-294, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3915.2.8
