identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
039DD102CB180025FF65FC3FFA3F7894.text	039DD102CB180025FF65FC3FFA3F7894.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Turbo radiatus Gmelin 1791	<div><p>3.1 Turbo radiatus Gmelin, 1791 (Mollusca: Gastropoda) entered the Mediterranean Sea: a first record from Lebanon</p><p>Ali BADREDDINE and Fabio CROCETTA</p><p>The rayed dwarf-turban Turbo radiatus Gmelin, 1791 is a mollusc of the family Turbinidae Rafinesque, 1815 characterized by a medium-sized (up to about 75 mm, approximately equal in height and width), heavy, and solid shell, with a relatively tall spire and a large inflated body whorl. Strong spiral cords encircle all whorls, although those on the shoulder and the periphery of the body whorl may have sharper lamellate folds, and the outer lip is imbricate. The suture is deep, and the umbilicus is closed. The aperture is round. The shell colour ranges from grey/ ivory/beige to brown with a mottled pattern, and the aperture is whitish/yellowish. The operculum is thick and usually white/grey, but mostly is smooth, a character that allow its easy distinction from the very similar congeneric species Turbo argyrostomus Linnaeus, 1758 (Bosch &amp; Bosch, 1989; Alf &amp; Kreipl, 2003). Turbo radiatus is widespread in the Indo-Pacific region, including the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf, where it lives on reefs in shallow waters (Alf &amp; Kreipl, 2003; Heiman et al., 2012).</p><p>During fieldwork carried out on the 31 th December 2020, an unknown turbinid species was first observed in the tide pools of the vermetid reef of Saksakiyeh (33.4396° N, 35.2741° E), southern Lebanon (Fig. 4A). After a careful inspection of the area, more than 20 individuals were observed, three of which were sampled for further identification (total height ~ 4.1-5.3 cm) (Fig. 4B). They were subsequently ascribed to T. radiatus based on the morphological characters listed above, and preserved in the private collection of the first author (AB). To the best of our knowledge, such a finding constitutes the first record of this species not only in Lebanon, but in the Mediterranean Sea as a whole (Zenetos &amp; Galanidi, 2020; Crocetta et al., 2020).</p><p>No certainties occur regarding the pathway of arrival of T. radiatus in Lebanon and in the Mediterranean Sea. However, taking into account that the species is widespread in the Red Sea and that Lebanon lies along the natural pathway of Indo-Pacific taxa spreading in the Mediterranean Sea via the prevailing currents, it may easily have spread in the area via the Suez Canal. Alternatively, its presence in Lebanon may be related to ship-mediated transport. Whatever is true, further fieldwork is necessary to evaluate the current status of this alien species in Lebanese waters and the Mediterranean Sea and its impacts on the local benthic communities.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039DD102CB180025FF65FC3FFA3F7894	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Orfanidis, Sotiris;Alvito, Andrea;Azzurro, Ernesto;Badreddine, Ali;Souissi, Jamila Ben;Chamorro, Manuel;Crocetta, Fabio;Dalyan, Cem;Fortič, Ana;Galanti, Luca;Geyran, Kemal;Ghanem, Raouia;Goruppi, Alenka;Grech, Daniele;Katsanevakis, Stelios;Madrenas, Enric;Mastrototaro, Fransesco;Montesanto, Federica;Pavičić, Mišo;Pica, Daniela;Pola, Lisa;Pontes, Miquel;Ragkousis, Michail;Rosso, Antonietta;Sánchez-Tocino, Luis;Figueroa, J. Manuel Tierno De;Tiralongo, Francesco;Tirelli, Valentina;Tsioli, Soultana;Tunçer, Sezginer;Vrdoljak, Dario;Vuletin, Verdan;Zaouali, Jeanne;Zenetos, Argyro	Orfanidis, Sotiris, Alvito, Andrea, Azzurro, Ernesto, Badreddine, Ali, Souissi, Jamila Ben, Chamorro, Manuel, Crocetta, Fabio, Dalyan, Cem, Fortič, Ana, Galanti, Luca, Geyran, Kemal, Ghanem, Raouia, Goruppi, Alenka, Grech, Daniele, Katsanevakis, Stelios, Madrenas, Enric, Mastrototaro, Fransesco, Montesanto, Federica, Pavičić, Mišo, Pica, Daniela, Pola, Lisa, Pontes, Miquel, Ragkousis, Michail, Rosso, Antonietta, Sánchez-Tocino, Luis, Figueroa, J. Manuel Tierno De, Tiralongo, Francesco, Tirelli, Valentina, Tsioli, Soultana, Tunçer, Sezginer, Vrdoljak, Dario, Vuletin, Verdan, Zaouali, Jeanne, Zenetos, Argyro (2021): New Alien Mediterranean Biodiversity Records (March 2021). Mediterranean Marine Science 22 (1): 180-198, DOI: 10.12681/mms.25294, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.25294
039DD102CB17002BFF13FCBFFA0F7F75.text	039DD102CB17002BFF13FCBFFA0F7F75.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nudiscintilla glabra Lutzen & Nielsen 2005	<div><p>3.4 Nudiscintilla cf. glabra Lützen &amp; Nielsen, 2005 reaches the Aegean coasts of Turkey</p><p>Kemal GEYRAN and Argyro ZENETOS</p><p>The bivalve Nudiscintilla cf. glabra Lützen &amp; Nielsen, 2005 was first recorded from the Mediterranean Sea by Mifsud &amp; Ovalis (2012), based on five living specimens collected at Adana, Yumurtalik, on the Mediterranean coast of Turkey. Since its first detection year (2010: P. Ovalis pers. commun.), the species has been reported from Israel (Albano et al., 2021a, b). Here we report the finding of a single living specimen from Bodrum, on the Aegean coast of Turkey (37.129356° N, 27.571639° E) in August 2019.</p><p>Our material (Fig. 7) was collected at a depth around 2-3 m under a rock, attached to it. The sea bed was mainly covered with detritus and pebbles. Its habitat agrees with that of Mifsud &amp; Ovalis, 2012 (living under stones in shallow water in 1.5-2 m) and Albano et al. (2021a,b) (rocky substrata).</p><p>We provisionally identified the specimen as Nudiscintilla cf. glabra based on the shell morphology that matches well with that of the specimen figured by Mifsud &amp; Ovalis (2012). Dentition details as described by Lützen &amp; Nielsen (2005) were not examined as the hinge of the single collected specimen was not opened to avoid damage. The specimen is kept in the private collection of one of us (KG).</p><p>Shipping (Transport-Stowaway) appears to be the likely mode of introduction of N. glabra in the Mediterranean. Most locations it has been detected to date are from or in the vicinity of harbours: Adana (Mifsud &amp; Ovalis, 2012), Nahariya (rocky platform 200 m north of the entrance to the marina, Albano et al., 2021b), Bodrum (this work). Alternatively, the species may have expanded its distribution unaided from a locally established population in Yumurtalik Bay. The present record, along with those of Albano et al. (2021a, b) confirm the establishment of N. cf. glabra and its expansion from the Levantine to the Aegean Sea. The number of established alien species in the Mediterranean (Zenetos &amp; Galanidi, 2020) keeps increasing.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039DD102CB17002BFF13FCBFFA0F7F75	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Orfanidis, Sotiris;Alvito, Andrea;Azzurro, Ernesto;Badreddine, Ali;Souissi, Jamila Ben;Chamorro, Manuel;Crocetta, Fabio;Dalyan, Cem;Fortič, Ana;Galanti, Luca;Geyran, Kemal;Ghanem, Raouia;Goruppi, Alenka;Grech, Daniele;Katsanevakis, Stelios;Madrenas, Enric;Mastrototaro, Fransesco;Montesanto, Federica;Pavičić, Mišo;Pica, Daniela;Pola, Lisa;Pontes, Miquel;Ragkousis, Michail;Rosso, Antonietta;Sánchez-Tocino, Luis;Figueroa, J. Manuel Tierno De;Tiralongo, Francesco;Tirelli, Valentina;Tsioli, Soultana;Tunçer, Sezginer;Vrdoljak, Dario;Vuletin, Verdan;Zaouali, Jeanne;Zenetos, Argyro	Orfanidis, Sotiris, Alvito, Andrea, Azzurro, Ernesto, Badreddine, Ali, Souissi, Jamila Ben, Chamorro, Manuel, Crocetta, Fabio, Dalyan, Cem, Fortič, Ana, Galanti, Luca, Geyran, Kemal, Ghanem, Raouia, Goruppi, Alenka, Grech, Daniele, Katsanevakis, Stelios, Madrenas, Enric, Mastrototaro, Fransesco, Montesanto, Federica, Pavičić, Mišo, Pica, Daniela, Pola, Lisa, Pontes, Miquel, Ragkousis, Michail, Rosso, Antonietta, Sánchez-Tocino, Luis, Figueroa, J. Manuel Tierno De, Tiralongo, Francesco, Tirelli, Valentina, Tsioli, Soultana, Tunçer, Sezginer, Vrdoljak, Dario, Vuletin, Verdan, Zaouali, Jeanne, Zenetos, Argyro (2021): New Alien Mediterranean Biodiversity Records (March 2021). Mediterranean Marine Science 22 (1): 180-198, DOI: 10.12681/mms.25294, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.25294
