identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
039DF108000D2424F5C1407C753BFAC6.text	039DF108000D2424F5C1407C753BFAC6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Labuanium papuomalesiacum (Nobili 1899) Nobili 1899	<div><p>Labuanium papuomalesiacum (Nobili, 1899)</p><p>(Figs. 2 B, 3B, 4B, 5C, 6B, 9, 10H-K)</p><p>Sesarma (Episesarma) rotundata papuo -malesiaca Nobili, 1899: 268 (type locality New Guinea); Nobili 1900: 510 (part). Sesarma (Sesarma) rotundata — Tesch 1917: 193 (in part); Sendler 1923: 33.</p><p>Material examined. Ovigerous female (25.5 × 24.9 mm) (ZRC), Kri I., Raja Ampat, northwestern Irian Jaya, Indonesia, coll. H. H. Tan, December 2010; 4 males (38.0 × 37.4 mm, 32.5 × 32.1 mm, 33.0 × 32.4 mm, 18.5 × 18.7 mm), 2 females (31.9 × 31.9 mm, 31.2 × 29.0 mm, 21.0 × 21.0 mm) (SMF 1971.18.5.53), Yap, Caroline Is., coll. E. Wolff; 3 males (28.8 × 29.0 mm, 26.3 × 26.1 mm, 24.6 × 24.5 mm), 1 female (30.5 × 30.3 mm) (SMF 1972.18.5.53), Bertrand I., Papua-New Guinea, coll. E. Wolff; 1 male (40.9 × 38.8 mm) (USNM 1150441), Teurai Bay, Vanikoro I., St. Cruz Group, Solomon Islands, coll. 6 May 1933.</p><p>Diagnosis. Carapace width and length subequal; antero-dorsal surfaces finely granular, posterior surfaces almost smooth (Figs. 2 B, 9A, B); posterolateral regions with fine granular oblique striae (Figs. 2 B, 9A, B); postfrontal cristae distinct, sharp, medially separated by prominent cleft (Figs. 2 B, 3B, 9A, B); merus of third maxilliped in adult male longitudinally ovate, length 1.5–1.6 times width (Fig. 4B); inner margin of cheliped carpus with prominent triangular tooth, margins not lined with prominent granules (Figs. 2 B, 5C, 9A, B); outer surface of chela with numerous small, closely arranged rounded granules (Figs. 9 C, D); dorsal margin of male chela with a nonpectinate ridge on outer edge of about 39–42 small granules, with 2 shorter, less distinct oblique rows of granules posterior to it, ridges distinct even in large males (Figs. 2 B, 5C); dorsal surface of cheliped dactylus with row of 10–12 granules (Figs. 2 B, 5C); outer surface of ambulatory meri gently rugose, dorsal margin finely granulated (Figs. 2 B, 9A, B); male abdominal somite 6 broader than long, distal part of lateral margins convex, proximal part gently sinuous or convex (Fig. 6 B); telson as long as somite 6, subtriangular in shape with rounded tip (Fig. 6 B); G1 relatively long; distal part bent about 60° from vertical, distal chitinous part relatively long, tip more rounded (Fig. 10 H–K).</p><p>Remarks. Labuanium rotundatum sensu lato, is characterised by the presence of large, rounded, and well spaced granules on the outer surface of the chela (Ng &amp; Liu 2003: fig. 7A). Ng &amp; Liu (2003) reidentified old records of “ L. rotundatum ” from China, Japan and Taiwan, as a new species, L. scandens, characterised by the outer surface of the chela possessing numerous small and closely spaced granules (Figs. 7 A, 9C, D; Ng &amp; Liu 2003: fig. 3A).</p><p>Sesarma (Episesarma) rotundata papuomalesiaca Nobili, 1899, has long been synonymised under L. rotundatum (see Tesch 1917), but a re-examination of material from New Guinea and nearby areas shows that it is actually much closer to L. scandens . Nobili’s (1899) taxon was described from two males and one female from Andai and Geelvink Bay (= present day Cenderawasih Bay) in New Guinea (present day Indonesian West Papua or Irian Jaya). Nobili (1899) also mentioned a male specimen from Nias I., and noted that like the New Guinean material, it was different from L. rotundata but would be treated elsewhere. Although he did not explicitly refer the Nias material to his new taxon, he nevertheless treated it as such. Only later (Nobili 1900) did he formally refer this Nias specimen to his new subspecies. However, in the context of his 1899 paper, all his New Guinean and Nias material should be regarded as syntypes. To stabilize the taxonomy of this species as well as L. vitatum new species, we here select the male described and measured by Nobili (1899: 269) which measures 35.0 by 33.0 mm from Geelvink Bay as the lectotype of Sesarma (Episesarma) rotundata papuomalesiaca Nobili, 1899 . All other syntype specimens mentioned above are thus now paralectotypes.</p><p>While Nobili’s (1899: 268, 269) description is relatively short, he nevertheless comments: “Le mani sono abbondantemente fornite all’esterno di granuli rotondi, che si riscontrano pure, ma minori di numero e di dimensioni dalla parte interna. Il suo margine superiore è definito da una ben distinctcrest denticolata, decorrente dalla porzione terminale superiore dell’articolazione del carpo, all’articolazione del dito mobile. Dietro e fra essa e la faccia interna trovansi due piccole crestine varaiamente disposte secondo gli esemplari e le mani, ma sempre ad angolo colla cresta stessa. La prima anzi vi si congiunge al termine del bordo superiore della mano. Questo carattere non trovo accennato nella descrizione di De Man, e quindi data la precisione scrupolosa di questo illustre carcinologo, credo manchi nella forma tipica. Il dito mobile presenta sul dorso un numero variabile di tubercoli sporgenti e più o meno acuti, mai però appuntiti. In un maschio della Baja del Geelvink essi sono 8 sulla mano destra e 7 sulla sinistra; nell’altro maschio della stessa località sono in numero di 6, e alcuni minori, irregulari, alla base, e 8 sulla sinistra; nel maschio di Nias sono 13 sulla destra e 14 sulla sinistra; nelle femmina di Andai, come frequentemente accade nel g. Sesarma, sono cancellati ..... Riassumendo, credetti oportuno creare una nuova sottospecie per gli esemplari esaminati, che si distinguono dalla formatipo per: 1.º smarginatura del fronte; 2.º maggior larghezza (massima) propozionale e conseguentemente figura più curva dei lati del carapace; 3.º differenza di numero di tubercoli sul dito mobile (carattere incerto)” [Outer surface of chelae abundantly covered with granules, also found on the inner surface but fewer in number and smaller. Upper edge of the chela defined by a distinct denticulated crest, extending from the terminal portion of the upper joint of the carpus to the articulation of the dactylus. Behind and between it and the inner ridges are two small crests that can vary between specimens and chelae, but are always at the same angle with the longitudinal crest. The first joins at the end of the upper edge of the hand. This character is not mentioned in De Man’s description, and given the normal accuracy of this illustrious carcinologist, I think must be lacking in the typical form { L. rotundatum}. The dactylus has a variable number of prominent and more or less acute tubercles, but which are never sharp. In a male from Geelvink Bay, there are 8 tubercles on the right dactylus and 7 on the left, while another male from the same locality has 6 on the right, with some being smaller and irregular at the base of the finger, and 8 on the left; the male from Nias has 13 on the right and 14 on the left; they are absent in the female as frequently happens in the genus Sesarma . … In summary, I thought it opportune to create a new subspecies for the specimens examined, which are distinguished by: 1, form of the frontal margin; 2, greater maximum width and therefore the sides of the carapace proportionately more curved; 3, differences in the number of tubercles on the upper surface of the dactylus (status uncertain)].</p><p>The relatively broader carapace proportions, slightly more curved lateral margins and the presence of numerous granules on the chela agree well with the present material from New Guinea and the Caroline Is. as well as L. scandens . We were unable to examine the type material of this species (supposedly in the Museo Civico in Genoa, Italy) but the present material leaves no doubt that Sesarma (Episesarma) rotundata papuomalesiaca Nobili, 1899, is a distinct species from L. rotundatum as defined by Ng &amp; Liu (2003).</p><p>Labuanium papuomalesiacum is close to L. scandens, but they are easily separated by the G1 morphology. The G1 of L. scandens is proportionately more slender, and the distal pectinated process is relatively longer and more distinctly bent (almost 90° from vertical) than L. papuomalesiacum (almost 60° from vertical) (Ng &amp; Liu 2003: fig. 4 versus Fig. 10 H–K). When similar size specimens are compared, the adult male abdomen (notably somite 6) and telson of L. scandens are also relatively more slender (Fig. 6 C) when compared with L. papuomalesiacum (Fig. 6 B).</p><p>Nobili’s (1899, 1900) paralectotype material from Nias, which he also referred to L. papuomalesiacum, is here reidentified as L. vitatum new species .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039DF108000D2424F5C1407C753BFAC6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ng, Peter K. L.;Davie, Peter J. F.	Ng, Peter K. L., Davie, Peter J. F. (2011): Labuanium vitatum (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Sesarmidae), a new Indo-West Pacific species of arboreal crab. Zootaxa 2889: 35-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.206068
039DF108000E242FF5C144C374DFFF46.text	039DF108000E242FF5C144C374DFFF46.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Labuanium vitatum	<div><p>Labuanium vitatum new species</p><p>(Figs. 1, 2 A, 3A, 4A, 5A, B, 6A, 7, 8, 10A–G)</p><p>Sesarma oceanicum — Alcock 1900: 423; George 1978: 14 [not Sesarma oceanica De Man, 1889 = Labuanium rotundatum (Hess, 1865)]</p><p>Sesarma (Episesarma) rotundata papuo -malesiaca— Nobili 1900: 510 (part). [not Sesarma (Episesarma) rotundata papuo - malesiaca Nobili, 1899]</p><p>Sesarma (Sesarma) rotundata — Tesch 1917: 193 (in part).</p><p>Labuanium rotundatum — Serène &amp; Soh 1970: 401 (part); Hicks et al. 1984: 64; Davie, 2002: 221 (part); Ng &amp; Liu 2003: 614 (part); Ng et al. 2008: 221 (in part).</p><p>Material examined. Holotype male (34.8 × 34.9 mm) (WAM C 13977), 60 m above beach, on tree trunk, on track to West White Beach, Christmas I., coll. D. Merton, 11 February 1978. Paratypes: 1 male (39.5 × 38.5 mm) (WAM C257-89), The Dales, Christmas I., coll. H. Yorkston, ca. January 1989; 1 female (35.2 × 33.6 mm) (WAM C258- 89), Greta Beach, Christmas I., coll. H. Yorkston, 23 December 1988. Others: 1 male (22.3 × 21.8 mm) (RMNH 1202), Tjibodas, Java, Indonesia, coll. J. Boerlarge, 1888; 1 male (25.5 × 24.9 mm) (RMNH 1989), Nias, Indonesia, coll. E. E. W. G. Schröder, 1908; 1 male (34.5 × 33.1 mm) (ZRC 2009.0099), Cuthbert Bay, Andaman Is., coll. P. Biswas, 2001.</p><p>4. Right third maxillipeds of Labuanium species. A, L. vitatum new, holotype male (34.8 × 34.9 mm) (WAM C 13977), Christmas I.; B, L. papuomalesiacum (Nobili, 1899), male (38.0 × 37.4 mm) (SMF 1971.18.5.53), Caroline Is.; C, L. scandens Ng &amp; Liu, 2003, male (29.6 × 28.7 mm) (ZRC 2002.478), Taiwan.</p><p>Diagnosis. Carapace width and length subequal; antero-dorsal surfaces finely granular, posterior surfaces almost smooth (Fig. 2 A); posterolateral regions with fine granular oblique striae (Fig. 2 A); postfrontal cristae prominent, sharp, medially separated by deep cleft (Figs. 2 A, 3A); merus of third maxilliped in adult male longitudinally ovate, ca. twice as long as broad (Fig. 4A); inner margin of cheliped carpus with prominent triangular tooth, margins distinctly serrated in large males (Fig. 5 A); outer surface of chela with numerous small, closely arranged rounded granules (Figs. 5 A, B; 7A, B); dorsal margin of small male chela, with a non-pectinated ridge on outer edge of about 44 small granules, with 2 shorter, less distinct oblique rows of granules posterior to it (Fig. 5 B), in large males, ridges indistinct (Fig. 7 B) to almost indiscernible (Fig. 5 A), with granules appearing relatively larger, more scattered; dorsal surface of cheliped dactylus with row of distinct granules, about 12 in smaller males (Fig. 5 B), 10 or 11 in larger males (Figs. 5 A, 7B); outer surface of ambulatory meri weakly rugose, dorsal margin finely granulated (Figs. 2 A, 7C, D); male abdominal somite 6 broader than long, distal part of lateral margins convex, proximal part slightly sinuous (Fig. 6 A); abdominal telson as long as somite 6, subtriangular in shape with rounded tip (Fig. 6 A); G1 relatively stout; distal part bent about 45° from vertical, distal chitinous part relatively short, beak-like, subtruncate (Fig. 10 A–D).</p><p>Etymology. The name is Latin meaning for “shun” and “frustrating to find.” It alludes to the naturally secretive habits of the species.</p><p>Remarks. This species was first recorded from Christmas I. by George (1978) under the name of Sesarma oceanica De Man, 1889 (his specimen is here designated as the holotype of Labuanium vitatum new species). Sesarma oceanica is still considered a subjective junior synonym of Labuanium rotundatum (Hess, 1865) .</p><p>Labuanium vitatum new species is superficially similar to L. papuomalesiacum but they can be easily separated by their G1 morphology. In L. papuomalesiacum, the G1 is relatively longer and the pectinated distal part is proportionately longer and almost straight (Fig. 10 H, I) whereas in L. vitatum new species, the G1 is proportionately shorter and the pectinated distal part is shorter and gently sinuous (Fig. 10 A, B). The lateral carapace margin of larger adult L. papuomalesiacum is also relatively more convex (Figs. 2 B, 9) (relatively straighter in similarly sized L. vitatum new species, Figs. 2 A, 8), the merus of the third maxilliped is relatively shorter (Fig. 4B) (relatively longer in L. vitatum new species, Fig. 4A), and the dorsomarginal ridge of granules on the chela of L. papuomalesiacum is distinct in adult males (Fig. 5 C) (diffuse and poorly demarcated in large L. vitatum new species, Figs. 5 A, 7B). These differences also apply for L. scandens (Fig. 2 C).</p><p>Variation. The second anterolateral tooth of the paratype female is more prominent than in the males. The inner angle of the cheliped carpus also has a distinct large triangular tooth which is dorso-ventrally flattened and appears almost lobiform; whereas in males, it is less prominent and the margins appear almost serrated (Fig. 5 A). The gastric regions of the males are also slightly more swollen. The two relatively small specimens from Nias (RMNH 1989) and Java (RMNH 1202) (Fig. 8 A, B) resemble the types from Christmas I. except that the granules lining the outer marginal ridge on the chela are distinct (Fig. 5 B); and the lateral margins of the G1 are relatively more sinuous (Fig. 10 F, G). We also tentatively refer one male from Andaman Is. (ZRC 2009.0099) to this species although it is peculiar in having a relatively smoother dorsal carapace surface, lower anterolateral teeth and proportionately longer ambulatory propodi (Fig. 8 C). Its G1 structure, however, agrees very well with the holotype male of L. vitatum new species . Because this male specimen is not fully hardened (it had moulted shortly before it was preserved) and both its chelae are missing, it nevertheless seems best to refer it to L. vitatum new species, for the moment.</p><p>Colour. The colour appears to be somewhat variable. An adult male (paratype, 39.5 × 38.5 mm, WAM C257- 89) was a uniform yellowish brown overall (Fig. 1 C) while a smaller female (paratype, 35.2 × 33.6 mm, WAM C258-89) was more brightly coloured, with a purplish carapace with beige lateral margins, with the legs pale purple, and the palm bright purple with red fingers (Fig. 1 A, B). The eyes are bright greenish-yellow in both specimens. The holotype male (34.8 × 34.9 mm, WAM C 13977) was described on the label as “Deep brownish-purplish on carapace and legs. Hands purplish with vertical (narrow) white stripe between bases of pollex and dactylus on both inner and outer surfaces of hand”. Hicks et al. (1984: 64) notes that it is known as the “White-stripe crab” in Christmas I. because of the beige lateral carapace margins.</p><p>Notes on habits. Like most of its congeners, Labuanium vitatum new species is an arboreal species, and has been collected usually at the base of trees in relatively close proximity to the sea (although one specimen was obtained on a vegetated limestone platform at 60 m altitude). Hicks et al. (1984: 64) notes that individuals grow up to 40 mm in carapace width and spawn about the time of the full moon between November and April. The chief warden on Christmas I., Max Orchard, has spent many years on the island and despite a strong personal interest in crabs, has seen this species only once on the night of 15 April 2010 at Andersons Dale, and he noted “… I was walking back up along the stream in pouring rain and edging around a tree when I caught a glimpse of a crab with bright yellow eyes and brownish carapace on a tree about 1.5 metres above the ground” (M. Orchard, personal communication). As with L. rotundatum from Guam and L. scandens from Taiwan, they are apparently mostly active mainly in wet weather and at night (Ng &amp; Liu 2003).</p><p>Distribution. Christmas I. (Hicks et al. 1984); Nicobar Is. (Alcock 1900), Nias (Nobili 1899, 1900), west Java (Tesch 1917).</p><p>Comparative material. In addition to the specimens listed in Ng &amp; Liu (2003) for L. rotundatum sensu lato and L. scandens, the following new material was examined: Labuanium scandens Ng &amp; Liu, 2003 — 1 male (29.6 × 28.7 mm), 1 female (ZRC 2002.478), Hsiang Chiao Wan, Kentin National Park, southern Taiwan, coll. P. K. L. Ng &amp; C. H. Wang, 5 August 2002. Labuanium rotundatum — 2 males (24.0 × 24.2 mm, 26.5 × 27.5 mm), 2 females (24.7 × 24.7 mm; 17.9 × 17.8 mm) (syntypes of Sesarma gardineri Borradaile, 1900) (Cambridge University Zoology Museum), Ellice Is., Funafuti, Tuvalu, coll. J. S. Gardiner, 1897.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039DF108000E242FF5C144C374DFFF46	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ng, Peter K. L.;Davie, Peter J. F.	Ng, Peter K. L., Davie, Peter J. F. (2011): Labuanium vitatum (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Sesarmidae), a new Indo-West Pacific species of arboreal crab. Zootaxa 2889: 35-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.206068
