taxonID	type	description	language	source
039DF030FFEDFFA1FF70FA3AFBE9FBF7.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: — Bulbous herb 12.5 – 38 cm tall, basal leaves 9.8 – 41.5 × 0.5 – 0.7 cm, scape unbranched, cauline leaf plicate on the distal portion, as long as or longer than the inflorescence, outer tepals elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, inner tepals with a distinctive claw, geniculate blade and limb triangular and apiculate, tepals pale lavender to blue-lavender, the base with blue-lavender macula, blade with bright yellow edges, nectary covered by a folded blade.	en	López-Pérez, Jorge David, Rodríguez, Aarón, Munguía-Lino, Guadalupe (2023): A new species and endemism of Tigridia (Tigridieae, Iridaceae) in the Transmexican Volcanic Belt, Mexico. Phytotaxa 603 (3): 249-259, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.603.3.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-22-0755-PDN
039DF030FFEDFFA1FF70FA3AFBE9FBF7.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE: — MEXICO. Michoacán: Ciudad Hidalgo, Parque Nacional Los Azufres, en el patio de Los Chinos, 19 ° 48 ’ 32.10 ” N, 100 ° 40 ’ 2.35 ” W, 2948 m, 8 August 2021, G. Munguía-Lino et al. 921 (holotype IBUG!, isotypes CIIDIR!, IEB!, MEXU!).	en	López-Pérez, Jorge David, Rodríguez, Aarón, Munguía-Lino, Guadalupe (2023): A new species and endemism of Tigridia (Tigridieae, Iridaceae) in the Transmexican Volcanic Belt, Mexico. Phytotaxa 603 (3): 249-259, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.603.3.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-22-0755-PDN
039DF030FFEDFFA1FF70FA3AFBE9FBF7.taxon	description	Description: — Bulbous, perennial erect herb, 12.5 – 38 cm tall, glabrous; bulb ovoid, 2.0 – 3.5 × 0.8 – 1.8 cm, outer tunics light reddish brown (greyed-orange group 166 B); basal leaves 2 – 3, linear, plicate, 9.8 – 41.5 × 0.5 – 0.7 cm, equalling or longer than the inflorescence at anthesis; scape unbranched, 6.5 – 28 cm tall; cauline leaf plicate, 3.5 – 9.0 × 0.3 – 0.4 cm; rhipidium 1, with 2 amplexicaule spathe-bracts, equalling or shorter than the cauline leaf, 4.6 – 15.0 cm long; pedicels linear, 2.7 – 9.2 cm long; flowers (1) 2 – 5 per rhipidium, erect, 5 – 6 cm diameter; tepal blades connivent into a crateriform cup; outer tepals elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, obtuse at the base, apiculate, 2.2 – 4.0 × 0.9 – 1.9 cm; inner tepals with a claw, blade and limb well marked, blade geniculate and involute, limb triangular, acuminate, 1.4 – 2.4 × 0.3 – 0.5 cm; tepal colour from pale lavender (violet-blue group 92 C) at the base to blue-lavender (violet-blue group 94 A and 95 C) at apex, the base with blue-lavender macula (violet-blue group 94 A and 95 C); nectary covered by the folded blade margin; edge of blade bright yellow (yellow group 7 A); filaments connate, 0.5 – 1.1 cm long; anthers divaricate, 0.7 – 1.0 cm long; ovary clavate, 0.5 – 0.8 cm long; style branches 0.3 – 0.7 cm long, bifid into falcate arms with a mucro; mature capsules ellipsoid, 1.0 – 1.9 × 0.4 – 0.8 cm; seeds ellipsoid, ca. 0.3 × 0.15 cm.	en	López-Pérez, Jorge David, Rodríguez, Aarón, Munguía-Lino, Guadalupe (2023): A new species and endemism of Tigridia (Tigridieae, Iridaceae) in the Transmexican Volcanic Belt, Mexico. Phytotaxa 603 (3): 249-259, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.603.3.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-22-0755-PDN
039DF030FFEDFFA1FF70FA3AFBE9FBF7.taxon	distribution	Distribution, ecology, and phenology: — Tigridia azufresensis grows in few localities in the municipalities of Ciudad Hidalgo and Zinapécuaro, Michoacán (Fig. 3). It inhabits seasonally wet valleys bordered by coniferous forest with Astragalus sp., Gentiana bicuspidata Briquet (1931: 324), Platanthera sp., Sisyrinchium spp., and Tigridia longispatha (Herb. in Bentham 1839: 53) Goldblatt (2015: 14). The elevation ranges from 2831 to 2960 m. The plants flower from June to August and the fruits mature from September to October.	en	López-Pérez, Jorge David, Rodríguez, Aarón, Munguía-Lino, Guadalupe (2023): A new species and endemism of Tigridia (Tigridieae, Iridaceae) in the Transmexican Volcanic Belt, Mexico. Phytotaxa 603 (3): 249-259, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.603.3.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-22-0755-PDN
039DF030FFEDFFA1FF70FA3AFBE9FBF7.taxon	conservation	Conservation status: — Tigridia azufresensis is known in nine localities in Los Azufres, Michoacán. López-Pérez et al. (2022) show that genetically all of them are the same fragmented population. Also, the population is in risk due to cattle grazing, the geothermal power plants, the construction of resorts and hotels, and off-road vehicles driven by tourists. GeoCAT calculated an EOO of 9.623 km 2 and an AOO of 20 km 2. According to the IUCN Red List guidelines and criteria (B 1 and B 2), we preliminary recommend the Endangered category [EN B 1 ab (iii) + 2 ab (iii)].	en	López-Pérez, Jorge David, Rodríguez, Aarón, Munguía-Lino, Guadalupe (2023): A new species and endemism of Tigridia (Tigridieae, Iridaceae) in the Transmexican Volcanic Belt, Mexico. Phytotaxa 603 (3): 249-259, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.603.3.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-22-0755-PDN
039DF030FFEDFFA1FF70FA3AFBE9FBF7.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The specific epithet refers to the National Park Los Azufres in the Michoacán state. This area is a volcanic caldera in the TVB and Tigridia azufresensis is endemic to this.	en	López-Pérez, Jorge David, Rodríguez, Aarón, Munguía-Lino, Guadalupe (2023): A new species and endemism of Tigridia (Tigridieae, Iridaceae) in the Transmexican Volcanic Belt, Mexico. Phytotaxa 603 (3): 249-259, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.603.3.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-22-0755-PDN
039DF030FFEDFFA1FF70FA3AFBE9FBF7.taxon	discussion	Taxonomic comments: — Tigridia azufresensis was first collected in Llano Largo, Michoacán, in July 1987 and since then it was identified as T. durangensis, which is an endemic species of the SMO. Both taxa share morphological characters (Table 1). However, Tigridia azufresensis differs from T. durangensis (Table 1). In general, the plants grow taller and produce larger flowers than T. durangensis. Also, the former develops one rhipidium (vs. one or two); the cauline leaf is plicate (vs. not plicate); the outer tepals are elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate (vs. oblong to oblong-obovate), and the inner tepals have a triangular and apiculate limb (vs. elliptic and acute).	en	López-Pérez, Jorge David, Rodríguez, Aarón, Munguía-Lino, Guadalupe (2023): A new species and endemism of Tigridia (Tigridieae, Iridaceae) in the Transmexican Volcanic Belt, Mexico. Phytotaxa 603 (3): 249-259, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.603.3.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-22-0755-PDN
039DF030FFEDFFA1FF70FA3AFBE9FBF7.taxon	materials_examined	Additional specimens examined (Tigridia azufresensis paratypes): — MEXICO. Michoacán: municipality of Ciudad Hidalgo: Los Azufres, a 2.5 km al este de Rancho Viejo, 2884 m, 19 ° 47 ’ 42.4 ’’ N, 100 ° 38 ’ 15.5 ’’ W, 24 July 2020, J. D. López-Pérez 304 (IBUG!); Los Azufres, carretera Toluca-Morelia, Patio de Campamento Deycon Azufres, 2831 m, 19 ° 47 ’ 11.3 ’’ N, 100 ° 40 ’ 47.5 ’’ W, 24 July 2020, J. D. López-Pérez 308 (IBUG!); Parque Nacional Los Azufres, Unidad 15 CFE, Patio de los Chinos, 2924 m, 19 ° 48 ’ 30.7 ’’ N, 100 ° 40 ’ 05.9 ’’ W, 14 August 2019, J. D. López-Pérez et al. 235 (IBUG!); Parque Nacional Los Azufres, Unidad 15 CFE, Patio de los Chinos, 2924 m, 19 ° 48 ’ 32.3 ’’ N, 100 ° 40 ’ 03.3 ’’ W, 24 July 2020, J. D. López-Pérez et al. 302 (IBUG!); municipality of Zinapécuaro: Llano Largo, cerca de Los Azufres, 2900 m, 8 July 1987, H. Díaz-Barriga 3930 (IBUG!, IEB!, MEXU!, UAMIZ!); 1 km al E del Cerro del Gallo, 2900 m, 13 September 1989, M. J. Jasso 1124 (MEXU!); Parque Nacional Los Azufres entre el pozo 9 y el pozo 5 de la CFE, 2960 m, 19 ° 48 ’ 33.7 ’’ N, 100 ° 39 ’ 47.8 ’’ W, 25 August 2002, A. Rodríguez & L. Ortiz-Catedral 3054 (IBUG!, IEB!); Parque Nacional Los Azufres, exactamente en el humedal y desviación a Pozo 9, 4,14,15 y 40, 2944 m, 19 ° 48 ’ 32.21 ’’ N, 100 ° 40 ’ 1.75 ’’ W, 30 July 2011, G. Munguía-Lino & L. M. Vázquez-García 21 (IBUG!); Parque Los Azufres, pasando la desviación a los pozos 4, 9, 14 y 15, al lado del balneario Los Dragones, 2945 m, 19 ° 48 ’ 31.69 ’’ N, 100 ° 40 ’ 4.26 ’’ W, 3 August 2013, G. Munguía-Lino & L. M. Vázquez-García 299 (IBUG!).	en	López-Pérez, Jorge David, Rodríguez, Aarón, Munguía-Lino, Guadalupe (2023): A new species and endemism of Tigridia (Tigridieae, Iridaceae) in the Transmexican Volcanic Belt, Mexico. Phytotaxa 603 (3): 249-259, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.603.3.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-22-0755-PDN
039DF030FFE9FFA1FF45F97FFA39FDC4.taxon	discussion	Tigridia azufresensis belongs to the Violacea complex together with T. augusta Drapiez (1832: 131), T. dugesii S. Watson (1885: 375), T. mexicana Molseed (1970: 52), and T. durangensis (Fig. 4). All of these species develop a cauline leaf that varies in length: T. augusta (6 – 10 cm long), T. azufresensis (4.2 – 15 cm long), T. durangensis (2.6 – 5.2 cm long), T. dugesii (3 – 6 cm long), T. mexicana subsp. lilacina Molseed (1970: 55; 3 – 5.2 cm long), T. mexicana subsp. mexicana Molseed (1970: 54; 5.5 – 9 cm long), and T. mexicana subsp. passiflora Molseed (1970: 55; 4 – 11.5 cm long). Molseed (1970) did not mention cauline leaves in T. dugesii nor in T. durangensis. Instead, he described three spathe bracts. However, the rhipidia are sessile or short pedunculated and the cauline leaf appears to be a third spathe bract. Except for T. dugesii and T. mexicana subsp. passiflora, all species typically grow in valleys that are flooded in summer and dry during the dry up. Tigridia azufresensis may be confused with the other species of the Violacea complex, but the taxa can be identified as follows:	en	López-Pérez, Jorge David, Rodríguez, Aarón, Munguía-Lino, Guadalupe (2023): A new species and endemism of Tigridia (Tigridieae, Iridaceae) in the Transmexican Volcanic Belt, Mexico. Phytotaxa 603 (3): 249-259, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.603.3.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-22-0755-PDN
039DF030FFEAFFA1FF45FBD5FB66F7BD.taxon	materials_examined	— MEXICO. Durango: municipality of El Salto: at km 1062 about 2 km east of El Salto highway 40 on Rancho El Consuelo, 8300 ft, 25 June 1966, E. Molseed 394 (IBUG!, IEB!, MEXU!); at km 1059, highway 40, 8400 ft, 6 August 1966, E. Molseed 503 (MEXU!, IBUG!); at km 1072, 7 km south west of El Salto, highway 40, 8600 ft, 25 June 1966, E. Molseed 397 (IBUG!, MEXU!); at km 1121, highway 40, ca. 11 km southwest of La Ciudad, ca. 13 km SW of La Ciudad, 8400 ft, 27 June 1966, E. Molseed 413 (IBUG!, MEXU!); rd. to El Salto, ca. 31.5 mi. by rd. SW of Durango, 8200 ft, 23 ° 55 ’ N, 105 ° 00 ’ W, 30 June 1969, G. L. Webster & G. J. Breckon 15519 (MEXU!); alrededores del Mil Diez, 2 km al N de El Salto, 2200 m, 27 June 1982, R. Hernández & P. Tenorio 7417 (IBUG!, MEXU!); 6.3 km, al SW de El Salto, brecha El Salto-Pueblo Nuevo, 2100 m, 3 July 1982, P. Tenorio & C. Romero 809 (IEB!, MEXU!); Lechería, 10 km al W de El Salto, 2100 m, 23 ° 46 ’ N, 105 ° 23 ’ W, 29 June 1984, P. Tenorio et al. 6054 (MEXU!); aproximadamente 7 km al E de El Salto y 3 km al NE de Hacienda Coyotes, sobre la carretera Durango-El Salto, 2590 m, 17 June 1993, A. R. López-Ferrari & A. Espejo 1797 (IBUG!, MEXU!); km 90 de la carretera Durango-El Salto entre San José de las Cruces y Bajío Atascoso, 2280 m, 23 ° 50 ’ 0 ’’ N, 105 ° 18 ’ 0 ’’ W, 12 July 1995, A. Rodríguez & O. Vargas 2638 (IBUG!, IEB!, MEXU!); 3 km antes de llegar a El Salto entre San José de las Cruces y Los Negros, carretera Durango-El Salto, 2360 m, 23 ° 48 ’ 0 ’’ N, 105 ° 19 ’ 0 ’’ W, 2 July 1985, A. Rodríguez & O. Vargas 2639 (IBUG!, IEB!, MEXU!); 1 km al sur de La Ciudad, por la brecha hacia El Mexiquillo, 2500 m, 23 ° 43 ’ 0 ’’ N, 105 ° 43 ’ 0 ’’ W, 2 July 1995, A. Rodríguez & O. Vargas 2642 (IBUG!, IEB!, MEXU!); llanos alrededor de El Salto, 2500 m, July 1997, H. Ballard s. n. (IBUG!); municipality of La Ciudad: Route 40, near km 1108, llanos at La Ciudad, 8450 ft, 26 June 1966, E. Molseed 412 (IBUG!, MEXU!); municipality of Mezquital: 42 km al S de Mezquital, 2540 m, 23 ° 11 ’ N, 104 ° 21 ’ W, 28 June 1984, P. Tenorio et al. 6001 (MEXU!); municipality of Pueblo Nuevo: Coyotes Hacienda, 63 road miles West-Southwest of Durango City, 2400 – 2500 m, 26 July 1950, J. H. Maysilles 7467 (MEXU!); at km 1059 on highway 40, 25 June 1966, E. Molseed 396 (MEXU!); cascada Mexiquillo, 4 km al SO de La Ciudad, 2500 m, 30 June 1993, M. Cházaro et al. 7166 (IEB!); sobre la carr. Méx. 40 Durango-Mazatlán, 200 m antes de llegar a la Hacienda Coyotes, 2504 m, 23.82555 ° N, 105.33592 ° W, 3 July 2019, G. Munguía-Lino et al. 618 (IBUG); La Ciudad, parque ecoturístico Mexiquillo, bajíos rumbo a la cascada, 2560 m, 23.72043 ° N, 105.67561 ° W, 4 July 2019, G. Munguía-Lino et al. 628 (IBUG!); municipality of Súchil: rancho El Temascal, entre el arroyo El Ovidio y el casco del rancho, 2502 m, 15 July 1985, Y. Herrera 654 (IEB!, MEXU!, ENCB!); Mesa de Lobos, Reserva La Michilía, 2500 m, 18 June 1986, S. González et al. 3778 (IBUG!, IEB!, MEXU!).	en	López-Pérez, Jorge David, Rodríguez, Aarón, Munguía-Lino, Guadalupe (2023): A new species and endemism of Tigridia (Tigridieae, Iridaceae) in the Transmexican Volcanic Belt, Mexico. Phytotaxa 603 (3): 249-259, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.603.3.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-22-0755-PDN
