identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
039D09066510FFFCFF38FAA7FD74FD14.text	039D09066510FFFCFF38FAA7FD74FD14.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macrostomus arcucinctus (Bezzi 1909)	<div><p>Macrostomus arcucinctus (Bezzi, 1909)</p><p>(Figs 1 A–D)</p><p>Rhamphomyia arcucincta Bezzi, 1909: 331 (syntypes). Melander, 1928: 186; Collin, 1933: 211 (cit).</p><p>Macrostomus arcucinctus: Smith, 1961: 53; 1967: 29 (cat.); Rafael &amp; Cumming, 2004: 446.</p><p>Diagnosis. Females of this species are distinguished by the thorax and abdomen subshiny dark brown to black with blue reflections; mesonotum densely gray pruinose. Legs mainly yellow to dark yellow. Mid femur with small posteroventral pennate setae on distal half. Apex of the wing infuscate; anal lobe narrow. Halter white. Abdomen shiny brown to black.</p><p>Redescription. Lectotype female. Body length from original description: “ 3.2 mm; wing length 3.0 mm”. Head narrowly dichoptic. Inferior facets slightly larger than superior ones. Frons shiny black. One pair of proclinate ocellar setae. Face gray pruinose, slightly narrower than frons. Postcranium narrow, gray pruinose, with blue reflection in certain light. Inner vertical seta stouter than outer vertical seta, latter subequal in length to uniseriate postocular row of setae; remaining occipital setae slightly shorter than postoculars and restricted to dorsal half. Antenna dark brown, gold pruinose, short pubescent. Proboscis yellow, as long as head height. Thorax subshiny dark brown to black with blue reflection, mesonotum densely gray pruinose, less pruinose medially on scutum. Thoracic chaetotaxy: 4 antepronotals weak; 1 postpronotal stout, 2–3 weak; 4 dorsocentrals; 1 presutural supra-alar; 0 postsutural supra-alar; 1 postalar; 2 small proepisternals; 3 notopleural, anterior seta weaker; 2 pairs of scutellars (broken); 8 laterotergitals. Legs yellow to dark yellow except distal tarsomeres darker. Legs longer setae: mid tibia with 1 dorsal at middle slightly stouter and 1 anteroventral, 1 posteroventral somewhat inconspicuous distally. Mid femur with posteroventral pennate setae on distal half, thinner than in other species with this kind of setae (originally described as “non pennatis”). Hind legs lost. Wings lost, described as: “ alis brevibus hyalinis, macula stigmatica at area apicali fuscis, angulo axillari valde aperto, cellula discoidali magna nervos duos primos praeter basin decolores emittente ” [wing hyaline slightly brown infuscated on pterostigma and apex of veins R 2+3 and R 4+5; anal lobe narrow, distinct, with axillary angle obtuse; veins M 1 and M 2 evanescent]. Halter white. Abdomen shiny brown to black, somewhat blue depending on angle of light incidence, with small setae. Sternites concolorous with tergites. Tergite 8 (Figs 1 A–B) subrectangular in dorsal view, with shallow basal and deeper distal sinus, basally with narrow sclerotized sub-basal band. Sternite 8 (Figs 1A, C) longer than respective tergite, higher at basal half in lateral view, slightly more sclerotized medially, with apex somewhat acute. Tergite 9+10, sternite 10 and cerci lost. Genital fork (Fig. 1D) short, Y-shaped. Genital chamber membranous.</p><p>Male. Unknown.</p><p>Geographical records. Bolivia (La Paz).</p><p>Type material examined. LECTOTYPE ♀ (here designated): “ BOLIVIA [La Paz], Mapiri, Sarampioni, 31.iii. 1903, 700 m. ” (SMTD).</p><p>Lectotype condition. Wings and hind legs lost. Abdomen in microvial with glycerin.</p><p>Remarks. The single remaining syntype specimen in the SMTD collection is designated lectotype accordingly to fix and stabilize the current concept of the name.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039D09066510FFFCFF38FAA7FD74FD14	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rafael, José Albertino;Marques, Dayse Willkenia Almeida	Rafael, José Albertino, Marques, Dayse Willkenia Almeida (2019): Five new species of Macrostomus Wiedemann and a checklist of Empididae (s. str.) (Diptera) from Bolivia. Zootaxa 4567 (2): 251-275, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4567.2.3
039D09066513FFFDFF38FA18FE3DFC4B.text	039D09066513FFFDFF38FA18FE3DFC4B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macrostomus argyrotarsis (Bezzi 1909)	<div><p>Macrostomus argyrotarsis (Bezzi, 1909)</p><p>(Figs 2 A–C).</p><p>Rhamphomyia argyrotarsis Bezzi, 1909: 324 (holotype ♀). Melander, 1928: 186; Collin, 1933: 211 (cit).</p><p>Macrostomus argyrotarsis: Smith, 1961: 53; 1967: 30 (cat.); Rafael &amp; Cumming, 2004: 446.</p><p>Diagnosis. Females of this species are slender, shiny, thorax and legs mainly yellow; postcranium with only a pair of occipital setae behind inner vertical seta; legs without pennate setae; hind tarsomere 1 whitish to silvery, elongate. Wing widely brown infuscate mainly in costal and apical margins, base narrowed and anal lobe very narrow. Tergites 1 and 2 reddish-brown, shiny.</p><p>Redescription. Holotype female. Body length from original description: “ 4.5 mm ”; wing length 5.0 mm. Head longer than higher. Inferior facets slightly larger than superior ones. Frons shiny brown to black, slightly wider than anterior ocellus width. One pair of proclinate ocellar setae. Face parallel sided, slightly narrower than frons. Postcranium wide, shinning brown to black, entirely slightly gray pruinose. Inner vertical seta stouter than outer vertical seta, latter subequal in length to uniseriate postocular row of setae; only 1 pair of occipital setae behind inner vertical seta. Antenna brown with pedicel dark yellow. Proboscis yellow. Thorax shiny yellow to brown, darker medially on scutum and mediotergite; scutellum concolorous with scutum; mesopleuron yellow pruinose. Thoracic chaetotaxy: 2–3 antepronotals weak; 1 postpronotal stout, 1 weak; 4 dorsocentrals; 1 presutural supraalar; 0 postsutural supra-alar; 1 postalar; 2 small proepisternals; 1 notopleural; 2 pairs of scutellars, inner pair stouter, convergent; 4 laterotergitals with two anterior setae stouter. Legs shiny yellow, except apex of hind femur, entire hind tibia brown to black; hind tarsomere 1 whitish to silvery. Hind femur slightly clavate. Hind tarsomere 1 as long as remaining tarsomeres combined. Legs longer setae: hind tibia with 2–3 longer dorsal setae at distal fifth. Wing (Fig. 2A) widely brown infuscated mainly in costal and apical margins; pterostigma inconspicuous; veins M 1 and M 2 somewhat indistinct distally; vein CuA+CuP evanescent; anal lobe very narrow. Halter dark brown. Abdomen lost beyond tergite 3. Originally described as “tergites 1–2 and respective sternites yellow, remaining with blue/black reflection; postabdomen peculiar, black, with black setae, wider at base and with apical lamellae dark, narrow”.</p><p>Male. Unknown.</p><p>Geographical records. Bolivia (La Paz); Peru (Madre de Dios), new record.</p><p>Type material examined. HOLOTYPE ♀: “ BOLIVIA [La Paz], San Carlos, Mapiri, i. 1903, 800 m” (SMTD).</p><p>Additional material. PERU: Madre de Dios, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.346085&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.047528" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.346085/lat -13.047528)">Mazuko</a>, 13°02′51.1″S– 70°20′45.9″W, 382 m, 18.viii.2012, sweep, J.A. Rafael, R.R. Cavichioli, D.M. Takiya (1♀, MUSM).</p><p>Holotype condition. Distal half of postpedicel lost; right wing mounted on microslide; abdomen lost beyond tergite 3.</p><p>Variation. One female from Peru (Fig. 2C) with mesonotum darker, brown; hind leg (Fig. 2B) with 2 longer posterodorsal and 1 anterodorsal setae at distal third and tarsomeres 1–4 whitish to silvery, tarsomere 5 brown; wing with last section of vein M 4 longer than in holotype (Figs 2C and 2A, respectively) and tergites 1–2 reddish brown, without blue reflection.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039D09066513FFFDFF38FA18FE3DFC4B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rafael, José Albertino;Marques, Dayse Willkenia Almeida	Rafael, José Albertino, Marques, Dayse Willkenia Almeida (2019): Five new species of Macrostomus Wiedemann and a checklist of Empididae (s. str.) (Diptera) from Bolivia. Zootaxa 4567 (2): 251-275, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4567.2.3
039D09066515FFFBFF38FF26FB36FF32.text	039D09066515FFFBFF38FF26FB36FF32.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macrostomus dolichopterus (Bezzi 1909)	<div><p>Macrostomus dolichopterus (Bezzi, 1909)</p><p>(Figs 3 A–B)</p><p>Rhamphomyia dolichoptera Bezzi, 1909: 328 (syntypes ♂ ♀). Melander, 1928: 191; Collin, 1933: 211 (cit).</p><p>Macrostomus dolichopterus: Smith, 1961: 53; 1967: 30 (cat.); Rafael &amp; Cumming, 2004: 446.</p><p>Diagnosis. Slender, shiny, with thorax mainly yellow, darker dorsally; wing elongate, darker on costal and distal margins, base very narrow, no anal lobe; abdomen shiny black (female); legs mainly yellow in male specimen, darker in female specimen; female with short dorsal pennate setae on hind tibia.</p><p>Redescription. Lectotype male. Abdomen and wings lost. Body length from original description: “ 3.75–4.5 mm; wing length 4.75–5.5 mm ”. Head narrowly dichoptic. Frons and face shiny black, slightly narrower than anterior ocellus width. One pair of proclinate ocellar setae. Inner vertical seta stouter than outer vertical seta, latter subequal in length to uniseriate postocular row of setae; only 1–2 pairs of dorsal occipital setae. Antenna dark brown to black with postpedicel setulose. Proboscis yellow, 1.5X longer than head height. Antenna dark brown to black with postpedicel short pubescent. Thorax mainly shiny yellow, with scutum, scutellum and mediotergite brown, with disc of scutum and scutellum slightly gray pruinose. Thoracic chaetotaxy: 3–4 antepronotals; 1 postpronotal stout, 1–2 weak; 4 dorsocentrals; 1 presutural supra-alar; 0 postsutural supra-alar; 1 postalar; 2 small proepisternals; 1 notopleural stout, 1–2 weak; 2 pairs of scutellars, inner pair stouter, slightly convergent; 3–4 laterotergitals. Legs shiny yellow with apex of fore and mid tibiae, apex of hind femur, entire hind tibia and all tarsi brown. Hind leg (Fig. 3A) with femur clavate. Legs longer setae: tibia with 4 longer dorsal setae, median weaker; tarsomere 1 with 3 submedian dorsal setae. Wings lost, described as “ alis elongatissimis basi cuneatis, hyalinis ad marginem anticum et apicem vitta fusca ornatis, cellula anali forma solita ” [wing very elongate, base very narrow, hyaline with costal and apical margins brownish, anal vein of normal shape]. Abdomen lost, described as “ Männliche Genitalien etwa wie bie macerrima ” [terminalia like in M. macerrima].</p><p>Female (paralectotype). Body length 4.1 mm; wing length 5.2 mm. As in male, except frons slightly wider than anterior ocellus width; hind tibia lost, described as “ tibiis posticis retro breviter fusco pennatis ” [hind tibia with short dorsal pennate setae]. Wing (Fig. 3B) elongate, light brown infuscated in costal and distal margins; pterostigma rather inconspicuous; no anal lobe. Halter light brown. Abdomen shiny black with longer pale setae on posterior margin of tergites. Terminalia lost, described as “ lamelli apicalibus longissimis ” [terminalia very elongate].</p><p>Geographical records. Bolivia (La Paz).</p><p>Type material examined. LECTOTYPE ♂ (here designated): “ BOLIVIA [La Paz], Mapiri, San Carlos, 06.i. 1903, 800 m” (SMTD). PARALECTOTYPE: BOLIVIA, Sarampioni, 16.iii. 1903, 700 m (1 ♀, SMTD, postpedicel, all left legs and right hind leg lost; right wing mounted on microslide; abdomen damaged in microvial with glycerin) .</p><p>Lectotype condition. Wings and abdomen lost.</p><p>Remarks. Lectotype designated accordingly to fix and stabilize the current concept of the name.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039D09066515FFFBFF38FF26FB36FF32	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rafael, José Albertino;Marques, Dayse Willkenia Almeida	Rafael, José Albertino, Marques, Dayse Willkenia Almeida (2019): Five new species of Macrostomus Wiedemann and a checklist of Empididae (s. str.) (Diptera) from Bolivia. Zootaxa 4567 (2): 251-275, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4567.2.3
039D09066514FFFBFF38FE96FB37F9A1.text	039D09066514FFFBFF38FE96FB37F9A1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macrostomus grallatrix (Bezzi 1909)	<div><p>Macrostomus grallatrix (Bezzi, 1909)</p><p>(Figs 4 A–E)</p><p>Rhamphomyia grallatrix Bezzi, 1909: 326 (syntypes ♂, ♀). Melander, 1928: 194; Collin, 1933: 211 (cit).</p><p>Macrostomus grallatrix: Smith, 1961: 53; 1967: 30 (cat.); Rafael &amp; Cumming, 2004: 446.</p><p>Diagnosis. Slender, shiny, thorax yellow, darker on mesonotum; hind femur slightly clavate (male); hind tibia with longer setae (male); legs mainly yellow; wing elongate, narrow basally, slightly brown infuscate on costal and apical margins, anal lobe very narrow; abdomen shiny black.</p><p>Redescription. Lectotype male. From original description: “body length 3.5–4.5 mm; wing length 4.5 mm ”. Frons shiny black, slightly narrower than anterior ocellus width. One pair of proclinate ocellar setae. Face shiny black, slightly narrower than frons. Inner vertical seta stouter than outer vertical seta, latter subequal in length to uniseriate postocular row of setae; only 1 pair of dorsal occipital setae. Antenna dark brown to black with postpedicel setulose. Proboscis yellow. Thorax shiny yellow, brown on scutum, scutellum and mediotergite; slightly gray pruinose on disc of scutum and scutellum. Thoracic chaetotaxy: 2 antepronotals; 1 postpronotal stout, 1–2 weak; 4 dorsocentrals; 1 presutural supra-alar; 0 postsutural supra-alar; 1 postalar; 2 small proepisternals; 1 notopleural stout; 2 pairs of scutellars, inner pair stouter, slightly convergent; 4–6 laterotergitals. Legs yellow with apex of mid tibia, apex of hind femur, entire hind tibia and all tarsi brown. Hind femur slightly clavate. Legs longer setae: hind femur with 1 short anteroventral seta on distal third; hind tibia with 4 longer dorsal setae with one at basal fifth and three on distal two thirds; hind tarsomere 1 with longer dorsal median setae. Wings lost, described as “ alis elongatis, basi cuneatis alula et lobo alari nullis, cinereo hyalinis fuscedine marginali et apicali, cellulae analis angulo supero minus acuto ” [wing elongate, base narrow, light brown infuscated on costal and apical margins, anal cell with dorsal angle less acute]. Abdomen lost, described as “ genitalibus maximis erectis nigro pilosus ” [terminalia upwardly directed with black setae].</p><p>Female (paralectotype). Head lost. Wing (Fig. 4A) elongate, slightly brown infuscated along costal margin; anal lobe narrow; veins M 1, M 2 and CuA+CuP evanescent distally; last section of vein M 4 slightly longer than vein dm–m; cell dm rather truncate. Halter light yellow to light brown. Abdomen shiny black with longer setae on posterior margins of tergites. Tergite 8 (Figs 4B, C) elongate, wider at base, with narrow sub-basal sclerotized band and distinct basal and distal sinus. Sternite 8 (Figs 4B, D) sandal-shaped in lateral view, higher on posterior half and narrower at basal third, with two more sclerotized spots laterally. Genital fork (Fig. 4E) well sclerotized, small, wider distally. Genital chamber membranous.</p><p>Geographical records. Bolivia (La Paz).</p><p>Type material examined. LECTOTYPE ♂ (here designated): “ BOLIVIA [La Paz], Mapiri, Sarampioni, 21.ii.1903 ” (SMTD). PARALECTOTYPES: Same data as lectotype (1♀, SMTD, damaged) ; BOLIVIA, Mapiri, San Carlos, 10.i. 1903, 800 m (1♀, SMTD, damaged) .</p><p>Lectotype condition. Both wings, left mid leg and abdomen lost.</p><p>Remarks. Lectotype designated accordingly to fix and stabilize the current concept of the name.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039D09066514FFFBFF38FE96FB37F9A1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rafael, José Albertino;Marques, Dayse Willkenia Almeida	Rafael, José Albertino, Marques, Dayse Willkenia Almeida (2019): Five new species of Macrostomus Wiedemann and a checklist of Empididae (s. str.) (Diptera) from Bolivia. Zootaxa 4567 (2): 251-275, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4567.2.3
039D09066514FFFBFF38F92BFF1DF813.text	039D09066514FFFBFF38F92BFF1DF813.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macrostomus limbipennis	<div><p>Macrostomus limbipennis species-group</p><p>Macrostomus macerrimus (Bezzi, 1909) is tentatively being treated in the M. limbipennis species-group as described by Rafael &amp; Cumming (2012) with the following characters: 1–2 pairs of ocellar setae, posterior pair weaker; 1 postsutural supra-alar seta; tergite 8 with deep posterior sinus; epandrium with anterodorsal and posterodorsal lobes approximately of same length; hypandrium with apex wider than base and ejaculatory apodeme tetralamellar. Additionally, two new species are also being included in this species-group, M. montanus sp. nov. and M. rodriguezi sp. nov., however, these two species differ by possessing tergite 8 somewhat short with shallow distal sinus; epandrium with posterodorsal lobe longer than anterodorsal lobe; hypandrium almost same width from base to apex.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039D09066514FFFBFF38F92BFF1DF813	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rafael, José Albertino;Marques, Dayse Willkenia Almeida	Rafael, José Albertino, Marques, Dayse Willkenia Almeida (2019): Five new species of Macrostomus Wiedemann and a checklist of Empididae (s. str.) (Diptera) from Bolivia. Zootaxa 4567 (2): 251-275, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4567.2.3
039D09066517FFF9FF38FC06FB3AFCBA.text	039D09066517FFF9FF38FC06FB3AFCBA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macrostomus macerrimus (Bezzi 1909)	<div><p>Macrostomus macerrimus (Bezzi, 1909)</p><p>(Figs 5 A–D)</p><p>Rhamphomyia macerrima Bezzi, 1909: 327 (syntypes ♂, ♀). Melander, 1928: 197; Collin, 1933: 211 (cit).</p><p>Macrostomus macerrimus: Smith, 1961: 54; 1967: 30 (cat.); Rafael &amp; Cumming, 2004: 446.</p><p>Diagnosis. Slender, shiny; thorax yellow-chestnut; abdomen black; legs yellow; wing slightly yellow, elongate with anal lobe and base narrow.</p><p>Redescription. Lectotype male. Body length from original description: “ 3.25–3.5 mm ”; wing length 3.9 mm. Head lost, originally described as “ oculis approximates, kopf mehr gerundet; Fühler ganz schwarz, mit allmählich verdüntem, ganz kurz behaartem dritten Gliede ” [head narrowly dichoptic, head more rounded, antenna black, postpedicel short setulose]. Head (of paralectotype male): Frons shiny brown to black, as wide as anterior ocellus width, narrowing ventrally. Two pairs of ocellar setae, posterior pair weaker. Face as wide as frons, widening ventrally. Postcranium shiny brown to black, gray pruinose, darker on postocular margin. Inner vertical and outer vertical setae subequal in length and equal to stouter ocellar setae and to uniseriated postocular row of setae; occipital setae restricted to dorsal half. Antenna dark brown to black with postpedicel short setulose. Proboscis as long as head height. Thorax (of lectotype): shiny yellow, brown on scutum, scutellum and mediotergite, more distinctly gray pruinose on disc of scutum, on postalar callus and on notopleuron and mediotergite. Thoracic chaetotaxy: 3 antepronotals small; 1 postpronotal stout, 1 weak; 4 dorsocentrals; 1 presutural supra-alar; 1 postsutural supra-alar; 1 postalar; 4–5 minute proepisternals; 3 notopleurals stout ( M. limbipennis species-group described as two notopleurals); 2 pairs of scutellars, inner pair stouter, convergent; 5 laterotergitals. Legs yellow with apex of all tibiae and all tarsi entirely brown. Legs longer setae: fore tibia with posterior row of setae slightly longer than remaining setae, additionally with 1 anterodorsal and 1 posterodorsal slightly stouter; fore tarsomeres with anterodorsal and posterodorsal setae stouter distally; mid tibia with 1 anterodorsal on basal fifth and 1 posterodorsal, 1 anteroventral and 1 posteroventral distally, latter two shorter; mid tarsomeres with distal setae stouter; hind tibia with 1 posterodorsal on basal fifth, 2 posteroventral and 1 anterodorsal on distal two fifth; hind tarsomere 1 with 1 median slender dorsal seta. Wing (Fig. 5A) slightly yellow infuscated; pterostigma somewhat inconspicuous; veins M 1 and M 2 somewhat distinct; vein CuA+CuP evanescent; last section of vein M 4 longer than vein dm-m; cell dm truncate. Halter yellow to light brown. Abdomen shiny black with blue metallic reflection and tergite 1 yellow ventrally. Tergite 8 (Fig. 5B) wider at base, with deep distal cleft. Sternite 8 with distinct saddle- shaped projection posterodorsally. Epandrium subquadrate, anterodorsal and posterodorsal lobes approximately of same length with small protuberance between them, with longer setae on posterodorsal lobe. Anterior cercus (Figs 5C, D) elongate, subrectangular, sinuose dorsally and ventrally. Cercal bridge not observed in detail, but distinctly placed anteriorly and close to tergite 8. Median cercus membranous, pedunculate, with slender anterodorsal marginal setae. Posterior cercus (Figs 5C, D) sclerotized, elongate, inwardly curved with wide mesial projection and wide bifid distal projection. Hypandrium (Fig. 5C) with longer setae posteriorly. Ejaculatory apodeme tetralamelar, dorsal lamella higher. Phallus as long as hypandrium with apex somewhat blunt.</p><p>Female (paralectotype) as in male, except face slightly narrower than frons; outer vertical seta smaller than inner vertical and ocellar setae. Abdomen lost, described as “ terebra basi inflata lamellis terminalibus angustis ” [terminalia with segment 8 wider basally].</p><p>Geographical records. Bolivia (La Paz).</p><p>Type material examined. LECTOTYPE ♂ (here designated), Paralectotype ♂, on same pin: “ BOLIVIA [La Paz], Mapiri, Sarampioni, 22.ii.1903 ” (SMTD) . PARALECTOTYPES: Mapiri, Sarampioni, 16.ii. 1903, 700 m (1♀, SMTD, wings and abdomen lost); Mapiri, Sarampioni, 25.ii.1903 (1♂, SMTD, wings, left mid leg, hind legs and abdomen lost) .</p><p>Lectotype condition. Head, fore legs and right mid leg lost, right wing mounted on microslide, abdomen in microvial with glycerin.</p><p>Variation. Macrostomus macerrimus has four dorsocentrals unlike most other species of the M. limbipennis species-group, which have three dorsocentral setae.</p><p>Remarks. Lectotype designated accordingly to fix and stabilize the current concept of the name</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039D09066517FFF9FF38FC06FB3AFCBA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rafael, José Albertino;Marques, Dayse Willkenia Almeida	Rafael, José Albertino, Marques, Dayse Willkenia Almeida (2019): Five new species of Macrostomus Wiedemann and a checklist of Empididae (s. str.) (Diptera) from Bolivia. Zootaxa 4567 (2): 251-275, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4567.2.3
039D09066519FFF4FF38FF26FB76F828.text	039D09066519FFF4FF38FF26FB76F828.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macrostomus montanus Rafael & Marques 2019	<div><p>Macrostomus montanus sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 6 A–N, 7A–E)</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 9EB41EDC-134E-4C71-802C-6A6E9ACDB185</p><p>Diagnosis. Gena and postgena with setae somewhat stout; wing almost entirely hyaline, slightly brown infuscate at apex of costal cell, pterostigma and apex of cell r 2+3; last section of vein M 4 longer than vein dm-m; cell dm somewhat acute; tergite 8 short with distal sinus; epandrium with posterodorsal lobe longer than anterodorsal lobe, with longer setae more concentrated posteriorly on posterodorsal lobe; posterior cercus inwardly curved, trifid, apparently glabrous; hypandrium well sclerotized, slightly wider medially at level of posterior longer setae.</p><p>Description. Holotype ♂ (Fig. 6A). Body length 3.5 mm; wing length 3.2 mm. Head dichoptic. Frons shiny black, slightly wider than anterior ocellus width. Two pairs of proclinate ocellar setae, posterior pair weaker. Face narrower than frons width, same as anterior ocellus width. Postcranium shiny black, entirely and sparsely gray pruinose. Inner vertical seta stouter than outer vertical seta, latter subequal in length to uniseriate postocular row of setae; 2–3 pairs of dorsal occipital setae. Gena with 3 setae and postgena with 2 somewhat stout setae. Antenna velvety black with postpedicel short pubescent. Proboscis shiny, brown basally, yellow apically. Palpus black. Thorax shiny black, gray pruinose. Thoracic chaetotaxy: 4 antepronotals; 1 postpronotal stout and 2 minutes; 4 dorsocentrals (right row with 5); 1 presutural supra-alar; 1 postsutural supra-alar; 1 postalar stout, 1 minute; 4 proepisternals weak; 1 notopleural stout and 1 weak; 2 pairs of scutellars, outer pair slightly weaker; 7 laterotergitals. Legs yellow with distal 3/4 of fore tibia, apex of mid femur, entire mid tibia, distal half of hind femur, entire hind tibia, all tarsi brown to black. Legs longer setae: fore tibia with 1 sub-basal and 1 median anterodorsal slightly longer; mid femur with 1 subapical anterior slightly longer; mid tibia with alternating anterodorsal and posterodorsal equally spaced; hind femur with 1 anterior subapical; hind tibia (Fig. 6A) with 4–5 slender dorsal and hind tarsomere 1 with 1 longer median dorsal seta. Wing (Fig. 6A) almost entirely hyaline, slightly brown infuscate at apex of costal cell, pterostigma and apex of cell r 2+3. Veins M 1 and M 2 weaker and apex of CuA+CuP evanescent. Last section of vein M 4 longer than vein dm-m. Cell dm somewhat acute. Halter light yellow. Abdomen (Fig. 6B) shiny black; tergites 1–3 with longer setae posteriorly. Tergite 8 (Fig. 6C) with distal sinus. Sternite 8 (Fig. 6D) with distinct saddle-shaped projection posterodorsally and deep basal sinus. Tergite 8 articulated with sternite 8 somewhat horizontally (Fig. 6E). Epandrium (Fig. 6F) with posterodorsal lobe longer than anterodorsal lobe, with longer setae more concentrated posteriorly on posterodorsal lobe; anterodorsal cleft minute, inconspicuous (smaller seta on Fig. 6F); anteroventral cleft distinct (stronger seta on Fig. 6F). Anterior cercus (Figs 6G, J) small in lateral view, well sclerotized, with longer setae dorsally and posteriorly; when viewed anteriorly (Fig. 6H) emitting mesially large and flat cercal bridge connected medially; cercal bridge expanded posteriorly and fused with upper hypoproctal lobe when viewed dorsally (Fig. 6I). Median cercus (Fig. 6J) somewhat cup-shaped with longer setae dorsally. Posterior cercus (Fig. 6J) inwardly curved, trifid, apparently glabrous. Ventral projection of cercus (Fig. 6K) horizontally placed, distally expanded and setose. Dorsal lobe of hypoproct somewhat inconspicuous, fused with cercal bridge expansion of anterior cercus; ventral lobe of hypoproct distinctly setose, placed between setose lobes of ventral projection of cercus and cercal bridge of anterior cercus. Hypandrium (Figs 6L, M) well sclerotized, almost same width throughout, slightly wider medially at level of posterior longer setae; distally with two pairs of curved hooks, distal pair stouter. Ejaculatory apodeme (Fig. 6L) tetralamellar, all lamella subequal. Phallus (Fig. 6L) slightly longer than hypandrium.</p><p>Female. Frons wider than width of anterior ocellus, wider than in male. Face slightly narrower than frons, approximately as wide as width of anterior ocellus. Wing distinctly more infuscated at costal and distal margins (Fig. 7A). Tergite 8 (Figs 7B, C) wider basally in lateral view; with shallow basal sinus and deep distal sinus in dorsal view. Sternite 8 (Figs 7B, D, E) highly modified; in lateral and ventral views widened distally and with ventral subapical small translucid protuberance. Genital fork (Figs 7D, E) T-shaped with arms upwardly directed. Genital chamber (Fig. 7D, E) well sclerotized, wide, U-shaped, with basal protuberance upwardly directed.</p><p>Geographical records. Bolivia (La Paz).</p><p>Type material examined. HOLOTYPE ♂, paratype ♀, on same pin: “ BOLIVIA, La Paz, Chulumani, cloud forest, above 2000 m [eters]”; “ In copula, Chulumani, 5.iv. [19]79”; “QR code: NHMUK 010664427 ”; “Holot ♂ Parat ♀ Macrostomus montanus Rafael &amp; Marques ” (Fig. 6N) (NHMUK). PARATYPES: Bolivia: same data as holotype, except 2.iv. [19]79, QR code : NHMUK 0 10864440 (1♂, NHMUK); NHMUK 0 10664353 (1♀, INPA); NHMUK 0 10664429 (1♀, NHMUK); NHMUK 0 10664436 (1♀, NHMUK); NHMUK 0 10664441 (1♀, NHMUK); NHMUK 0 10664442 (1♀, INPA); same data, except 25.iii. [19]79, NHMUK 0 10664430 (1♀, NHMUK, dissected); La Paz, Sarampionim [sic], 23.ii.2005, Arm. Malaise, J. Rodriguez (1♀, CBF) .</p><p>Holotype condition. Good. Left hind leg lost; right hind leg glued on piece of white card; abdomen not dissected.</p><p>Etymology. From the Latin montanus = mountain and refers to the high elevation where the specimens were collected.</p><p>Variation. One specimen (QR code: NHMUK 010864440) with three pairs of ocellar setae; the additional anterior pair slightly longer than posterior pair.</p><p>Remarks. Macrostomus montanus sp. nov. is tentatively included in the M. limbipennis species-group, however, it differs mainly by having epandrium with posterodorsal lobe longer than the anterodorsal lobe. In the key presented by Rafael &amp; Cumming (2012), this species runs to couplet 3 separating M. limbipennis (Bezzi) from M. penai Rafael &amp; Cumming, but it differs from the first species by male tergite 8 not humped and from the second species by all cercal lobes shortened (versus elongate and upwardly directed in M. penai), posterior lobe of epandrium longer than anterior lobe (versus same length) and by female sternite 8 with a ventral subapical small translucid protuberance (versus absent), genital fork T-shaped with arms upwardly directed (versus small rod, without lateral arms), genital chamber wide, U-shaped, well sclerotized (versus membranous).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039D09066519FFF4FF38FF26FB76F828	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rafael, José Albertino;Marques, Dayse Willkenia Almeida	Rafael, José Albertino, Marques, Dayse Willkenia Almeida (2019): Five new species of Macrostomus Wiedemann and a checklist of Empididae (s. str.) (Diptera) from Bolivia. Zootaxa 4567 (2): 251-275, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4567.2.3
039D0906651AFFF3FF38FF26FC4EFE13.text	039D0906651AFFF3FF38FF26FC4EFE13.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macrostomus rodriguezi Rafael & Marques 2019	<div><p>Macrostomus rodriguezi sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 8 A–O, 9A–D)</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: B5F934A3-F918-4639-B884-9B7C688A5F8C</p><p>Diagnosis. All coxae somewhat white to light yellow. Wing hyaline, slightly brown infuscation at pterostigma. Veins M 1 and M 2 entirely evanescent, distal half of M 4 and apex of CuA+CuP evanescent. Tergite 8 short with distal sinus. Sternite 8 with indistinct small saddle-shaped projection posterodorsally. Epandrium with posterodorsal lobe longer than anterodorsal lobe. Anterior cercus emitting mesially one large and flat cercal bridge connected medially; posterior cercus inwardly curved, simple, acuminate distally; hypandrium well sclerotized, almost same width throughout, with 5 equally spaced posterior setae; distally with a pair of subapical protuberances anteriorly. Ejaculatory apodeme trilamellar. Female sternite 8 highly modified, very thin mid-longitudinally at median third; in lateral view widened distally; genital fork narrow, slightly wider at apex.</p><p>Description. Holotype ♂ (Fig. 8A). Body length 2.5 mm; wing length 2.5 mm. Specimen from alcohol. Frons shiny black, slightly wider than width of anterior ocellus. One pair of proclinate ocellar setae. Face as wide as frons, widening ventrally. Postcranium shiny black, entirely and sparsely gray pruinose. Inner vertical and outer vertical setae subequal in length to ocellar setae and to uniseriate postocular row of setae; occipital setae restricted to dorsal half. Gena with 3–4 small setae and postgena with 2–4 minute setae. Antenna velvety brown with postpedicel short setulose. Proboscis yellow. Palpus yellow. Thorax shiny black, more distinctly gray pruinose on disc of scutum and scutellum; mesopleuron slightly yellow-brown adjacent to all coxae. Thoracic chaetotaxy: 5 antepronotals small; 1 postpronotal stout, 1 weak; 4 dorsocentrals; 1 presutural supra-alar; 1 postsutural supra-alar; 1 postalar; 2 proepisternals weak; 2 notopleurals, posterior stouter; 2 pairs of scutellars, outer pair weaker; 5 laterotergitals. Legs (Fig. 8A) shiny yellow with distal 1/5 of hind femur, entire hind tibia and tarsus light brown. All coxae slightly paler, somewhat white to light yellow. Hind femur with 1 anteroventral seta at base of distal fourth; hind tibia with 4 slender dorsal setae, median weaker; hind tarsomere 1 with 1 median slender dorsal seta. Wing hyaline, slightly brown infuscated at pterostigma. Veins M 1 and M 2 entirely evanescent, distal half of M 4 and apex of CuA+CuP evanescent. Last section of vein M 4 longer than dm-m. Cell dm short and somewhat truncate. Halter whitish. Abdomen shiny black. Tergites 1–3 with slightly longer setae posteriorly. Tergite 8 (Fig. 8C) with distal sinus. Sternite 8 (Fig. 8D) with indistinct small saddle-shaped projection posterodorsally. Tergite 8 and sternite 8 articulated dorsal/ventrally (Fig. 8B). Epandrium (Fig. 8E) with posterodorsal lobe longer than anterodorsal lobe. Anterodorsal cleft minute; anteroventral cleft as unsclerotized area. Anterior cercus (Fig. 8F) well sclerotized, with short setae and distinct protuberance dorsally; when viewed anteriorly (Figs 8H) emitting mesially one large and flat cercal bridge connected medially; when viewed dorsally (Figs 8I, J) expanded ventrally and connected with upper lobe of hypoproct. Median cercus (Figs 8F, G) semi globose, backwardly directed with longer setae dorsally. Posterior cercus (Figs 8F, G) inwardly curved, simple, acuminate distally. Ventral projection of cercus (Figs 8K, L) downwardly directed, transversally placed, setose distally, slightly touching each other by small subapical projection. Dorsal lobe of hypoproct fused with mesial cercal bridge expansion of anterior cercus, somewhat inconspicuous, but notable by elongate and slender setae (Figs 8I, J, L); ventral lobe of hypoproct distinctly setose. Hypandrium (Figs 8M, N) well sclerotized, almost same width throughout, with 5 equally spaced posterior setae (basal one broken); distally with pair of subapical protuberances anteriorly. Ejaculatory apodeme (Fig. 8M) trilamellar. Phallus slightly longer than hypandrium.</p><p>Female. Body length 2.5 mm; wing length 2.4 mm. Frons wider than width of anterior ocellus, wider than in male. Face as wide as frons, slightly divergent apically. Wing slightly wider and distinctly more infuscate at costal and distal margin than in male. Sternites 1 – 7 as in Fig. 9A. Tergite 8 with sclerotized basal belt, no basal sinus but with deep distal sinus (Fig. 9C, inferior piece). Sternite 8 (Figs 9B, C) highly modified, very thin midlongitudinally at median third; in lateral view widened distally. Genital fork (Fig. 9D) narrow, slightly wider at apex. Genital chamber membranous.</p><p>Geographical records. Bolivia (La Paz).</p><p>Type material examined. HOLOTYPE ♂: “ BOLIVIA, La Paz, Sarampionim [sic], 23.ii.2005, Arm.[adilha] Malaise, J. Rodriguez ”; “ Holotype ♂ Macrostomus rodriguezi Rafael &amp; Marques ” (Fig. 8O) (CBF). PARATYPES: Bolivia: same data as holotype (6♂ 1♀, CBF, 6♂, INPA); La Paz, Chulumani, cloud forest, above 2000 m, Chulumani, 30.iii. [19]79, QR code: NHMUK 0 10864525 (1♂, NHMUK); La Paz, Chulumani, 1600 m, R. Portugal’s Finca, 16°22′S– 67 ° 30′W, 30.iv.1997, L. Masner (1♂, 1♀, CNC) .</p><p>Holotype condition. Good, pinned.</p><p>Etymology. The specific name is in honor of Dr. Jaime Ivan Rodriguez Fernandez, collector of the specimens.</p><p>Remarks. Macrostomus rodriguezi sp. nov. is tentatively included in the M. limbipennis species-group, however, it differs mainly by 1 pair of ocellar setae and epandrium with posterodorsal lobe longer than anterodorsal lobe. In the key presented by Rafael &amp; Cumming (2012), this species runs to couplet 4 separating M. nigriventris (Macquart) from M. nitidus Rafael &amp; Cumming, but it differs from both by tergite 8 without median projection at distal margin (versus both with median projection), by the hypandrium with apex approximately same basal width (versus twice or three times basal width). In addition, the female of M. rodriguezi sp. nov. has the terminalia rather similar to the known female specimens of the M. limbipennis species-group, such as M. inflatus Rafael &amp; Cumming that also has sternite 8 highly modified, very thin mid-longitudinally and widened distally and as in M. nitidus Rafael &amp; Cumming that has the genital fork as a small rod.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039D0906651AFFF3FF38FF26FC4EFE13	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rafael, José Albertino;Marques, Dayse Willkenia Almeida	Rafael, José Albertino, Marques, Dayse Willkenia Almeida (2019): Five new species of Macrostomus Wiedemann and a checklist of Empididae (s. str.) (Diptera) from Bolivia. Zootaxa 4567 (2): 251-275, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4567.2.3
039D0906651CFFF3FF38FA31FE23F996.text	039D0906651CFFF3FF38FA31FE23F996.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macrostomus amazonensis	<div><p>Macrostomus amazonensis species-group</p><p>Macrostomus falcatus sp. nov. belongs in the M. amazonensis species-group as described by Rafael &amp; Cumming (2015) with the following characters: 1 pair of proclinate ocellar setae; no postsutural supra-alar seta; wing mainly hyaline with apical margin brown infuscate; tergite 8 short, not projected posteriorly; epandrium without anterodorsal cleft; cercal bridge small; posterior cercus elongate, simple, upwardly directed; ejaculatory apodeme with very short dorsal lamella.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039D0906651CFFF3FF38FA31FE23F996	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rafael, José Albertino;Marques, Dayse Willkenia Almeida	Rafael, José Albertino, Marques, Dayse Willkenia Almeida (2019): Five new species of Macrostomus Wiedemann and a checklist of Empididae (s. str.) (Diptera) from Bolivia. Zootaxa 4567 (2): 251-275, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4567.2.3
039D0906651CFFF1FF38F909FD7BF8EC.text	039D0906651CFFF1FF38F909FD7BF8EC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macrostomus falcatus Rafael & Marques 2019	<div><p>Macrostomus falcatus sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 10 A–M)</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 2467BB72-7161-4756-8CDF-4C6A254D0D34</p><p>Diagnosis. Postcranium with upper postocular third shiny with no pruinescence. Wing hyaline, slightly brown infuscation at pterostigma and apex of cell r 2+3. Tergite 8 subrectangular, with posterior margin desclerotized. Epandrium with posterodorsal lobe much longer than anterodorsal lobe, sickle-shaped. Anterior cercus, when viewed laterally, with mesial branch forming a small L-shaped cercal bridge. Posterior cercus sickle-shaped, upwardly directed, placed parallel to posterior lobe of epandrium.</p><p>Description. Holotype ♂ (Fig. 10A). Body length 3.0 mm; wing length 3.0 mm. Head dichoptic. Frons shiny brown, slightly wider than width of anterior ocellus. One pair of proclinate ocellar setae. Face narrower than frons, slightly wider ventrally. Postcranium shiny brown, sparsely gray pruinose, except upper postocular third shiny without pruinescence. Inner vertical seta stouter than outer vertical seta, latter subequal in length to uniseriate postocular row of setae; 2 pairs of dorsal occipital setae. Gena with 2 small setae and postgena with 1–2 minute setae. Antenna velvety black with postpedicel short setulose. Proboscis mainly shiny yellow. Palpus brown to black. Thorax shiny brown to black, more distinctly brown pruinose on disc of scutum, scutellum and mediotergite. Postpronotal lobe slightly yellow. Thoracic chaetotaxy: 3 antepronotals small; 1 postpronotal stout, 1 weak; 4 dorsocentrals; 1 presutural supra-alar; 0 postsutural supra-alar; 1 postalar; 2 minute proepisternals; 2 notopleurals, posterior stouter; 2 pairs of scutellars, outer pair weaker; 4 laterotergitals. Legs shiny yellow with distal 1/5 of hind femur, entire hind tibia and tarsus light brown to black. Legs longer setae: hind femur with 1 anteroventral seta at base of distal fourth; hind tibia with 4 slender dorsal setae; hind tarsomere 1 with 1 median slender dorsal seta. Wing (Fig. 10A) hyaline, slightly brown infuscate at pterostigma and apex of cell r 2+3. Veins M 1, M 2 and CuA+CuP entirely evanescent. Last section of vein M 4 longer than dm-m. Cell dm short and slightly projected. Halter whitish. Abdomen (Figs 10A, B) shiny brown (specimen from alcohol). Tergites 1–3 with slightly longer setae posteriorly. Paratype ♂: Tergite 8 (Fig. 10C) subrectangular, with posterior margin desclerotized, without distal sinus; base with shallow sinus. Sternite 8 (Fig. 10D) without posterolateral saddle-shaped projection. Tergite 8 and sternite 8 (Fig. 10E) narrowly articulated. Epandrium (Fig. 10F) with posterodorsal lobe much longer than anterodorsal lobe, with small mid projection anteriorly; without anterodorsal cleft and anteroventral cleft as inconspicuous unsclerotized area; with longer setae posteriorly (setae broken in figure). Anterior cercus (Figs 10G, H) somewhat small, well sclerotized, with mesial setae; mesial branch (Fig. 10H) forming small L-shaped cercal bridge when viewed laterally; mesial connection of cercal bridge rounded (Fig. 10I, outlined) when viewed posteriorly. Median cercus (Fig. 10H) semi globose, upwardly directed with longer setae anterodorsally. Posterior cercus (Figs 10G, H) wider basally, upwardly directed, simple, acuminate distally, placed in parallel to posterior lobe of epandrium. Ventral projection of cercus (Fig. 10I) flat, fused medially, bilobate dorsally, with inconspicuous ventral lobe with 2 small setae. Dorsal hypoproctal lobe (Fig. 10J) bigger than ventral lobe of hypoproct, both distinctly setose. Hypandrium (Figs 10K, L) slightly wider distally, bifid and membranous distally. Ejaculatory apodeme (Fig. 10K) with dorsal lamella very short. Phallus slightly longer than hypandrium.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Geographical records. Bolivia (La Paz and Cochabamba) .</p><p>Type material examined. HOLOTYPE ♂: “ BOLIVIA, La Paz, Sarampionim [sic], 23.ii.2005, Arm.[adilha] Malaise, J. Rodriguez ”; “ Holotype ♂ Macrostomus falcatus Rafael &amp; Marques ” (Fig. 10M) (CBF) . PARATYPES: Bolivia: La Paz, Zongo, 30.i.2005, Arm. Malaise, J. Rodriguez (1♂, INPA, dissected); Cochabamba, Villa Tunari, 300 m, 20.x.1981, M. Cooper, QR code: NHMUK 0 10864408 (1♂, NHMUK) .</p><p>Holotype condition. Good, pinned.</p><p>Etymology. From the Latin falcatus = sickle-shaped, which refers to the shape of the posterior lobe of epandrium and the posterior cercus.</p><p>Variation. Specimen from alcohol distinctly paler (brown) than specimen without alcohol preservation (black).</p><p>Remarks. Macrostomus falcatus sp. nov. appears closely related to M. albicaudatus Rafael &amp; Cumming and M. trombetensis Rafael &amp; Cumming based on a similar epandrium with the posterodorsal lobe longer than the anterodorsal lobe and posterior cercus elongate, upwardly directed and somewhat simple. It differs from both species by the posterior cercus without protuberances (versus with protuberances or setae), apex of hypandrium with an apical projection somewhat membranous, bifid when viewed posteriorly (versus absent). In the key presented by Rafael &amp; Cumming (2015), this species runs to couplet 5 separating M. amazonensis Rafael &amp; Cumming from M. paraiba Rafael &amp; Cumming, but the posterior lobe of the epandrium is shorter in both these species, while it is longer in M. falcatus sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039D0906651CFFF1FF38F909FD7BF8EC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rafael, José Albertino;Marques, Dayse Willkenia Almeida	Rafael, José Albertino, Marques, Dayse Willkenia Almeida (2019): Five new species of Macrostomus Wiedemann and a checklist of Empididae (s. str.) (Diptera) from Bolivia. Zootaxa 4567 (2): 251-275, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4567.2.3
039D09066501FFECFF38FEACFC2EF830.text	039D09066501FFECFF38FEACFC2EF830.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macrostomus trifidus Rafael & Marques 2019	<div><p>Macrostomus trifidus sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 11 A–O, 12A–E)</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 809DA5CB-62C5-4153-873D-8097436197E1</p><p>Diagnosis. Thorax shiny yellow with scutellum and mediotergite brown, gray-yellow pruinosity denser on disc of scutum and on scutellum. Wing brown, infuscation darker along costal and r 1 cells and apex of cell r 2+3. Tergite 8 elongate distally, basally more sclerotized with a sclerotized protuberance at base of the projection connecting with mesial cercal bridge of anterior cercus. Sternite 8 with shallow basal medial sinus, with saddle-shaped posterodorsal protuberance. Epandrium with longer setae posteriorly and mainly on posterior lobe. Anterior cercus multilobate, with few longer setae posterodorsally; posterior cercus trifid, all branch yellowish, inwardly curved; ventral projection of cercus downwardly directed, horizontally placed distally when viewed anteriorly or posteriorly, glabrous and not touching each other. Hypandrium well sclerotized, same width throughout, with a hook distally.</p><p>Description. Holotype ♂ (Fig. 11A). Body length 3.3 mm; wing length 3.8 mm. Head narrowly dichoptic. Frons shiny black, slightly narrower than anterior ocellus width. One pair of proclinate ocellar setae. Face slightly narrower than frons width. Postcranium shiny black, entirely and sparsely gray pruinose. Inner vertical seta stouter than outer vertical seta, latter subequal in length to uniseriate postocular row of setae; 2 pairs of dorsal occipital setae. Gena with 2 setae and postgena with 1 weak seta. Antenna velvety black with postpedicel short pubescent. Proboscis dark brown with median third yellow and apical 2/3 of labellum yellow. Palpus black. Thorax shiny yellow with scutellum and mediotergite brown; scutum gray-yellow pruinose posteriorly and on scutellum. Thoracic chaetotaxy: 3 antepronotals; 1 postpronotal stout and 2 minutes; 3–4 dorsocentral setae; 1 presutural supra-alar; 0 postsutural supra-alar; 1 postalar; 4 proepisternals weak; 1 notopleural stout, 1 weak; 2 pairs of scutellars, the outer pair weaker; 4 laterotergitals. Legs shiny yellow with apex of fore and mid tarsi, distal 1/3 of hind femur, entire hind tibia and tarsus brown to black. Hind femur slightly clavate. Legs longer setae: hind femur with 1 slightly stouter anteroventral seta; hind tibia with 5 longer dorsal setae being with one at basal fourth, one near middle and three along distal third; hind tarsomere 1 with 1 longer median dorsal seta. Wing (Fig. 11A) brown infuscated, darker along costal and r 1 cells and apex of cell r 2+3. Veins M 1, M 2 and CuA+CuP weakly evanescent distally. Last section of vein M 4 slightly longer than posterior length of elongate and blunt cell dm. Anal lobe very narrow. Halter light yellow. Abdomen shiny black. Tergite 1–2 with longer setae posteriorly. Tergite 8 in lateral view (Figs 11B, D) curved, with sclerotized protuberance at base of projection connecting with mesial cercal bridge of anterior cercus; in dorsal view (Fig. 11C) distally with elongate projection (setae broken on projection); basally more sclerotized with deep basal cleft. Sternite 8 (Figs 11D, E) with shallow basal medial sinus, with saddle-shaped posterodorsal protuberance. Tergite 8 and sternite 8 strongly connected anteriorly. Epandrium (Figs 11F, G) with very small anterodorsal excision and very small anteroventral excision; longer setae posteriorly and mainly on posterior lobe; anterior and posterior lobes of same length; epandrium in posterior view (Fig. 11G) with stout protuberance mesially and several yellow distal short setae posterodorsally. Anterior cercus well sclerotized, upwardly directed, multilobate, with few longer setae posterodorsally; when viewed anteriorly (Figs 11H, K) cercal bridge V-shaped, fused medially and ventrally. Median cercus (Fig. 11I) inverted C-shaped, with elongate setae, less sclerotized distally. Posterior cercus (Fig. 11J) trifid, all branches yellow, inwardly curved, apical two setose. Ventral projection of cercus (Fig. 11K) downwardly directed, horizontally placed distally when viewed anteriorly or posteriorly, glabrous and not touching each other. Dorsal lobe of hypoproct (Fig. 11K) larger with longer setae than narrower ventral lobe. Hypandrium (Figs 11M, N) well sclerotized, same width throughout, with hook distally, longer setae restricted to posterior median third. Ejaculatory apodeme (Fig. 11M) tetralamellar, all lamella subequal. Phallus (Figs 11M, N) slightly longer than hypandrium.</p><p>Female. Body length 4.1 mm; wing length 3.8 mm. Frons slightly wider than anterior ocellus width. Face narrower than frons width. Wing slightly darker and wider (Fig. 12A). Tergite 8 (Figs 12B, C) with shallow basal and deeper distal sinus. Sternite 8 (Figs 12B, D) with distinct protuberance ventrally; in ventral view with less sclerotized mid-longitudinal stripe from base to middle. Genital fork (Fig. 12E) thin, elongated, bifid at apex. Genital chamber membranous.</p><p>Geographical records. Bolivia (La Paz).</p><p>Type material examined. HOLOTYPE ♂, paratype ♀, on same pin: “ BOLIVIA, La Paz, Rio Beni, San Buenaventura, 270 m ”; “in copula, San Buenaventura, 22.iv. [19]79”; “QR code: NHMUK 010864590 ”; “ Holotype ♂ Paratype ♀ Macrostomus trifidus Rafael &amp; Marques ” (Fig. 11O) (NHMUK).</p><p>Holotype condition. Good, pinned, double mounted, abdomen dissected, in microvial with glycerin.</p><p>Etymology. From the Latin tri = three and - fid = suffix denoting division, which refers to the three digitiform branch of posterior cercus.</p><p>Remarks. Characters allowing a well-founded placement are presently not available for M. trifidus sp. nov. It differs remarkably from other known Macrostomus species by the epandrium emitting mesially and porterodorsally a stout protuberance with several distal short setae; by the posterior cercus trifid with each branch digitiform and by the cercal bridge of anterior cercus V-shaped, fused medially and ventrally.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039D09066501FFECFF38FEACFC2EF830	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rafael, José Albertino;Marques, Dayse Willkenia Almeida	Rafael, José Albertino, Marques, Dayse Willkenia Almeida (2019): Five new species of Macrostomus Wiedemann and a checklist of Empididae (s. str.) (Diptera) from Bolivia. Zootaxa 4567 (2): 251-275, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4567.2.3
039D09066502FFE8FF38FF26FB00FD86.text	039D09066502FFE8FF38FF26FB00FD86.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macrostomus trilineatus Rafael & Marques 2019	<div><p>Macrostomus trilineatus sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 13 A–Q)</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: DEC371FE-B2EC-4107-9C54-67298D08B242</p><p>Diagnosis. Thorax shiny yellow with a mid-longitudinal black stripe from pronotum to level of transverse suture, between dorsocentral row of setae and paired submedian black stripes from anterior dorsocentral seta to scutoscutellar suture; tergite 8 with a short projection posteriorly, with apex rounded and longer setae surrounding and on the projection; posterodorsal lobe of epandrium with two stouter spatulate apical setae; anterior cercus multilobate.</p><p>Description. Holotype male (Fig. 13A, before abdomen macerated). Body length 3.7 mm; wing length 3.8 mm. Head narrowly dichoptic. Frons shiny black, slightly narrower than anterior ocellus width. One pair of proclinate ocellar setae. Face less shiny black than frons, as wide as width of anterior ocellus. Postcranium somewhat narrow, shiny black, entirely sparsely gray pruinose. Inner vertical seta as long as outer vertical and postocular setae. Antenna velvety black with postpedicel short pubescent. Proboscis shiny, reddish-brown, almost 2X longer than head height. Palpus brown to black, upcurved. Gena with 2 setae and postgena with 1–2 setae. Thorax shiny yellow, yellow pruinose, with mid-longitudinal black stripe (Fig. 13B) from pronotum to level of transverse suture and paired submedian black stripe from anterior dorsocentral seta to scutoscutellar suture; midlongitudinal stripe placed between row of dorsocentral setae and paired submedian black stripe placed between dorsocentral and supra-alar row of setae. Scutellum yellow. Thoracic chaetotaxy: 3–4 antepronotals; 1 postpronotal stout, 2–3 minutes; 4 dorsocentrals, posterior pair longer; 1 presutural supra-alar; 1 postsutural supra-alar; 1 postalar; 1–2 proepisternal; 1 notopleural stout, 2 weaker; 2 pairs of scutellars, outer pair weaker; 4 laterotergitals with posterior seta weaker. Legs, predominantly shiny yellow, with ventral shiny black spot on all trochanters; apex of femora darker, mainly on hind femur; all tibiae and tarsi dark brown to black. Legs longer setae: fore coxa with 1 posteroventral near apex; fore tibia with 1 ventral at apex; mid tibia with 1 anterodorsal and 1 posterodorsal at basal third; hind femur with 1 anterodorsal and 1 anteroventral at distal third; hind tibia with alternating anterodorsal and anteroventral along entire length; hind tarsomere 1 with 1 anterodorsal, 1 posterodorsal distally and 4–5 ventrally, both shorter than dorsal seta. Wing (Fig. 13A) light brown infuscate along costal margin, darker at pterostigma; veins M 1 and M 2 somewhat distinct. Last section of vein M 4 longer than dm–m length. Vein CuA+CuP somewhat evanescent distally. Halter with stem dark yellow, knob dark brown. Abdomen (Figs 13A, C) shiny black, except basal sternites yellow. Tergites with longer setae posteriorly. Tergite 8 (Fig. 13D) in dorsal view with short projection distally, with apex rounded, with longer setae surrounding and including projection; in lateral view with distinct ventral keel (Fig. 13E) connected to cercal bridge. Sternite 8 with deep basal excision (Fig. 13F, sinus outlined). Tergite 8 loosely connected to respective sternite (Fig. 13E). Epandrium (Figs 13G, H, I) with longer setae posteriorly; anterodorsal lobe stouter and longer than posterodorsal lobe; without anterodorsal cleft and with distinct anteroventral excision; posterodorsal lobe with two stouter spatulate apical spine–like setae besides other slender setae; small transverse sclerite between anterodorsal lobe of epandrium and anterior cercus (Fig. 13J, arrow in figure). Anterior cercus (Figs 13H, I) well sclerotized, upwardly directed, multilobate, with longer setae on distal half; when viewed anteriorly (Figs 13J, K) emitting mesially stout, wide, curved arm connected to small, somewhat less sclerotized fused mid-longitudinally sulcate cercal bridge; cercal bridge (Fig. 13L) projected posteriorly in dorsal view. Median cercus subglobose (Fig. 13I), somewhat membranous with dorsal and mesial setae. Posterior cercus up and forward curved (Figs 13I, M), bifid; external arm entirely black; internal arm yellow on distal half. Ventral projection of cercus (Figs 13J, K) wider and less sclerotized dorsally, stouter ventrally, with distinct posterior setae medially on more sclerotized area; emitting dorsal branch with yellow distinct setae apically, setae visible in posterior view (Fig. 13I) when components dissected. Dorsal and ventral lobes of hypoproct somewhat connected, both short setose. Hypandrium (Figs 13O, P) expanded laterally in connection point with epandrium, with wide gonocoxal apodeme and seven slender posterior setae medially (mostly broken), microsetulose posterodorsally; apex wider with distinct distally backward directed spine-like projection. Ejaculatory apodeme (Fig. 130) tetralamellar with dorsal lamella wider than ventral one. Phallus same length of hypandrium with apex curved and thin.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Geographical records. Bolivia (La Paz).</p><p>Type material examined. HOLOTYPE ♂: “ BOLIVIA, La Paz, Chulumani, cloud forest above 2000 m ”; “ Chulumani, 29.vi. [19]79”; “QR code: NHMUK 010864613 ”; “ Holotype ♂ Macrostomus trilineatus Rafael &amp; Marques ” (Fig. 13Q) (NHMUK). PARATYPE: Bolivia: Same data as holotype, NHMUK 0 10864614 (1♂, NHMUK, dissected) .</p><p>Holotype condition. Pinned, double mounted. Abdomen dissected, in microvial with glycerin.</p><p>Etymology. From the Latin tri = three and linea = line, which refers to the three longitudinal stripes on the scutum.</p><p>Variation. Paratype specimen with thoracic submedian black stripe ending before scutoscutellar suture and all stripes narrower.</p><p>Remarks. Characters allowing a well-founded placement are presently not available for M. trilineatus sp. nov. It differs remarkably from other known Macrostomus species by the epandrium posterodorsal lobe with two stouter spatulate apical spine-like setae, by the presence of a small sclerite between anterodorsal lobe of epandrium and anterior cercus (not seen in other Macrostomus species). On the basis of the black longitudinal stripes on the thorax of M. trilineatus sp. nov., this species appears related to M. lineatus Rafael &amp; Cumming, 2006 described from Ecuador and Peru. It differs by the three longitudinal black stripes on the scutum (versus one mid-longitudinal black stripe in M. lineatus); tergite 8 projected distally (versus somewhat elongate and bifid); hypandrium wider distally and without medial projection (versus narrow distally, with medial posterior projection).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039D09066502FFE8FF38FF26FB00FD86	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rafael, José Albertino;Marques, Dayse Willkenia Almeida	Rafael, José Albertino, Marques, Dayse Willkenia Almeida (2019): Five new species of Macrostomus Wiedemann and a checklist of Empididae (s. str.) (Diptera) from Bolivia. Zootaxa 4567 (2): 251-275, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4567.2.3
