identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
039887A0FFE0FFE0FF22F991FF5E06FF.text	039887A0FFE0FFE0FF22F991FF5E06FF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chlamydoselachidae Garman 1884	<div><p>Family Chlamydoselachidae</p><p>* Chlamydoselachus anguineus Garman, 1884—No common name in Madeira; Frilled Shark</p><p>Collet 1890: 219–20 | Belloc 1934: 150 | Noronha &amp; Sarmento 1934: 137 | Nobre 1935: 411 | Fowler 1936: 24 | Noronha &amp; Sarmento 1948: 77 | Maul 1948: 137 | Albuquerque 1954 –56: 74 | Boeseman 1973: 10 | Cadenat &amp; Blache 1981: 15 | Compagno 1984a: 14–15 | Boeseman 1984: 76 | Sanches 1986: 5 | Lloris et al. 1991: 224 | Carneiro et al. 2014: 12 | Delgado et al. 2017</p><p>Distribution in Macaronesia. Madeira and Azores (Porteiro et al. 2010; Carneiro et al. 2014).</p><p>Remarks. there are six specimens in MMF collection, the oldest dating back to 1940. Maul (1948) refers as rare.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039887A0FFE0FFE0FF22F991FF5E06FF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Biscoito, Manuel;Ribeiro, Cláudia;Freitas, Mafalda	Biscoito, Manuel, Ribeiro, Cláudia, Freitas, Mafalda (2018): Annotated checklist of the fishes of the archipelago of Madeira (NE Atlantic): I-Chondrichthyes. Zootaxa 4429 (3): 459-494, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4429.3.2
039887A0FFE1FFE1FF22FF72FCA602EC.text	039887A0FFE1FFE1FF22FF72FCA602EC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hexanchidae Gray 1851	<div><p>Family Hexanchidae</p><p>* Heptranchias perlo (Bonnaterre, 1788)—Bico-doce; Sharpnose seven–gill shark</p><p>Lowe 1838: 194 | Günther 1870: 398 (as Notidanus cinereus)</p><p>Nobre 1935: 414 (as Heptanchus cinereus)</p><p>Fowler 1936: 27 | Noronha &amp; Sarmento 1948: 94 | Maul 1948: 137 | Nunes 1953: 63 | Albuquerque 1954 –56: 77 | Boeseman 1973: 9 | Boeseman 1984: 72 | Sanches 1986: 50 | Carneiro et al. 2014: 12.</p><p>Distribution in Macaronesia. Madeira, Azores (Santos et al. 1997; Porteiro et al. 2010), Canary Islands (Brito et al. 2002; Brito Hernández &amp; Sancho Rafel 2003) and Cape Verde (Reiner 1996; 2005; Menezes et al. 2004).</p><p>Remarks. There are two specimens in MMF collection (MMF36031, MMF42318), the oldest dating back from 1961. Maul (1948) refers as frequent, all year.</p><p>* Hexanchus griseus (Bonnaterre, 1788) — Albafar; Bluntnose sixgill shark</p><p>Lowe 1838: 194 (as Notidanus griseus)</p><p>Belloc 1934: 151 | Noronha &amp; Sarmento 1934: 96 and 140 | Fowler 1936: 26 | Noronha &amp; Sarmento 1948: 91 | Maul 1948: 137 | Nunes 1953: 52 | Albuquerque 1954 –56: 75 | Boeseman 1984: 73 | Sanches 1986: 49 | Carneiro et al. 2014: 12.</p><p>Distribution in Macaronesia. Madeira, Azores (Santos et al. 1997; Porteiro et al. 2010), Canary Islands (Brito et al. 2002; Brito Hernández &amp; Sancho Rafel 2003) and Cape Verde (Reiner 1996, 2005).</p><p>Remarks. there are three specimens in MMF collection (one mounted on exhibition), the oldest dated from 1951 and the most recent from 2007. Although Maul (1948) refers as rare, there are regular observations of interaction between this species and deep bottom fish traps.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039887A0FFE1FFE1FF22FF72FCA602EC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Biscoito, Manuel;Ribeiro, Cláudia;Freitas, Mafalda	Biscoito, Manuel, Ribeiro, Cláudia, Freitas, Mafalda (2018): Annotated checklist of the fishes of the archipelago of Madeira (NE Atlantic): I-Chondrichthyes. Zootaxa 4429 (3): 459-494, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4429.3.2
039887A0FFE1FFE1FF22FB8BFD3304CA.text	039887A0FFE1FFE1FF22FB8BFD3304CA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhincodontidae	<div><p>Family Rhincodontidae</p><p>Rhincodon typus Smith, 1828—Tubarão-baleia, pintado; Whale shark</p><p>Wirtz et al. 2008: 3 | Carneiro et al. 2014: 10.</p><p>Distribution in Macaronesia. Madeira, Azores (Santos et al. 1997; Porteiro et al. 2010), Canary Islands (Brito et al. 2002; Brito Hernández &amp; Sancho Rafel 2003) and Cape Verde (Reiner 1996, 2005; Monteiro et al. 2008; Wirtz et al. 2013).</p><p>Remarks. the species has been observed underwater by divers, including ichthyologists, in coastal waters of the island of Madeira and also by Madeiran tuna fleet fishermen. Although there are no specimens in collection from the area, the oceanic character and actual distribution range and the unmistakable external characters of this species, validates its inclusion in this checklist.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039887A0FFE1FFE1FF22FB8BFD3304CA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Biscoito, Manuel;Ribeiro, Cláudia;Freitas, Mafalda	Biscoito, Manuel, Ribeiro, Cláudia, Freitas, Mafalda (2018): Annotated checklist of the fishes of the archipelago of Madeira (NE Atlantic): I-Chondrichthyes. Zootaxa 4429 (3): 459-494, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4429.3.2
039887A0FFE1FFE6FF22F99AFA9B0317.text	039887A0FFE1FFE6FF22F99AFA9B0317.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alopiidae	<div><p>Family Alopiidae</p><p>* ▲ Alopias superciliosus Lowe, 1841 — Peixe-rato-de-natura; Bigeye thresher</p><p>Lowe 1841: 39 (as Alopecias superciliosus)</p><p>Springer 1973a: 17 | Cadenat &amp; Blache 1981: 145–149 | Compagno 1984a: 231–232 | Quéro 1984a: 91 | Sanches 1986: 60 | Lloris et al. 1991: 220 | Wirtz et al. 2008: 3 | Carneiro et al. 2014: 10.</p><p>Distribution in Macaronesia. Madeira, Azores (Santos et al. 1997; Arruda 1997; Porteiro et al. 2010), Canary Islands (Brito et al. 2002; Brito Hernández &amp; Sancho Rafel 2003) and Cape Verde (Cadenat &amp; Blache 1981).</p><p>Remarks. Madeira is the type locality, but the holotype is unknown. There is one formalin preserved specimen in MMF collection, dated from 2012 (MMF 42302), caught on the black scabbard fish longline. Although this species has economic importance in many regions of the world (Nieto et al. 2015), in Madeira it is not used for consumption (Nunes 1953). In 1996 during the project ARQMAD-02-P96 of the DSI, one specimen of this species was caught SW of Porto Moniz, Madeira, while hauling a bottom longline at 800-900 m depth.</p><p>* Alopias vulpinus (Bonnaterre, 1788) —Peixe-rato, Thresher</p><p>Lowe 1838: 194 (as Carcharias vulpes)</p><p>Lowe 1852: 253 | Belloc 1934: 140 | Nobre 1935: 438–439 (as Alopias vulpes)</p><p>Noronha &amp; Sarmento 1934: 122 and 135 (as Alopecias vulpes)</p><p>Fowler 1936: 43 | Maul 1948: 138 | Albuquerque 1954 –56: 85 | Springer 1973a: 17 | Cadenat &amp; Blache 1981: 143–144 | Sanches 1986: 59 | Carneiro et al. 2014: 10.</p><p>Distribution in Macaronesia. Madeira, Azores (Santos et al. 1997; Arruda 1997; Porteiro et al. 2010) and Canary Islands (Brito et al. 2002; Brito Hernández &amp; Sancho Rafel 2003).</p><p>Remarks. one mounted specimen in the MMF exhibition. Maul (1948) refers as frequent all year.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039887A0FFE1FFE6FF22F99AFA9B0317	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Biscoito, Manuel;Ribeiro, Cláudia;Freitas, Mafalda	Biscoito, Manuel, Ribeiro, Cláudia, Freitas, Mafalda (2018): Annotated checklist of the fishes of the archipelago of Madeira (NE Atlantic): I-Chondrichthyes. Zootaxa 4429 (3): 459-494, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4429.3.2
039887A0FFE6FFE6FF22FD7AFB970525.text	039887A0FFE6FFE6FF22FD7AFB970525.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cetorhinidae	<div><p>Family Cetorhinidae</p><p>* Cetorhinus maximus (Gunnerus, 1765)—Peixe-frade; Basking shark</p><p>Johnson 1885: 202 | Noronha &amp; Sarmento 1934: 110 and 144 | Nobre 1935: 440 (as Selache maxima)</p><p>Noronha &amp; Sarmento 1948: 106 | Maul 1948: 138 | Nunes 1953: 138 | Albuquerque 1954 –56: 90 | Springer 1973a: 16 | Sanches 1986: 58 | Carneiro et al. 2014: 10.</p><p>Distribution in Macaronesia. Madeira, Azores (Santos et al. 1997; Porteiro et al. 2010), Canary Islands (Brito et al. 2002; Brito Hernández &amp; Sancho Rafel 2003) and Cape Verde (Reiner 1996; Wirtz et al. 2013).</p><p>Remarks. in the MMF collection there are a skin dated from 1937 (MMF 606) and a stranded specimen preserved in formalin dated from 2000 (MMF 31368). To our knowledge this was the last documented occurrence of the species in Madeira. Maul (1948) refers the species as occasional visitor.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039887A0FFE6FFE6FF22FD7AFB970525	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Biscoito, Manuel;Ribeiro, Cláudia;Freitas, Mafalda	Biscoito, Manuel, Ribeiro, Cláudia, Freitas, Mafalda (2018): Annotated checklist of the fishes of the archipelago of Madeira (NE Atlantic): I-Chondrichthyes. Zootaxa 4429 (3): 459-494, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4429.3.2
039887A0FFE6FFE7FF22FB89FB1C0382.text	039887A0FFE6FFE7FF22FB89FB1C0382.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lamnidae	<div><p>Family Lamnidae</p><p>Carcharodon carcharias (Linnaeus, 1758) —Tubarão-branco, Great white shark</p><p>Lichtenstein 1844: 2 (as Squalus carcharias)</p><p>Albuquerque 1954 –1956: 89 | Springer 1973a: 13 | Compagno 1984a: 238–242; 2001: 100 | Quéro 1984b: 84 | Sanches 1986: 56 | Lloris et al. 1991: 223 | Carneiro et al. 2014: 10.</p><p>Distribution in Macaronesia. Madeira, Azores (Santos et al. 1997; Porteiro et al. 2010), Canary Islands (Brito et al. 2002; Brito Hernández &amp; Sancho Rafel 2003) and Cape Verde (Reiner 1996, 2005).</p><p>Remarks. although there are no specimens in MMF collection, the species is included in the present checklist since it was visually identified several times in Madeira EEZ, including by one of the authors (MB). The DSI reported a capture in 1982 of one specimen in a tuna longline at a depth of 168–200 m, SW of Porto Santo. Wirtz et al. (2008) did not include it in their checklist since it was not considered a coastal fish (recorded only from the open ocean).</p><p>* Isurus oxyrinchus Rafinesque, 1810 — Marracho; Shortfin mako</p><p>Günther 1870: 390 | Noronha &amp; Sarmento 1934: 115 (as Lamna spallanzanii)</p><p>Maul 1948: 138 | Nunes 1953: 158 | Noronha &amp; Sarmento 1948: 111 (as Lamna oxyrinchus)</p><p>Albuquerque 1954 –56: 87 (as Isurus oxyrhynchus sic)</p><p>Fowler 1936: 33 | Springer 1973a: 14 | Cadenat &amp; Blache 1981: 157–160 | Quéro 1984b: 85 | Sanches 1986: 57 | Wirtz et al. 2008: 2 | Carneiro et al. 2014: 11.</p><p>Distribution in Macaronesia. Madeira, Azores (Santos et al. 1997; Porteiro et al. 2010), the Canary Islands (Brito et al. 2002; Brito Hernández &amp; Sancho Rafel 2003) and Cape Verde (Reiner 1996, 2005; Wirtz et al. 2013).</p><p>Remarks. Maul (1948) refers as doubtful record (see Remarks on next species), but there are one mounted specimen (no date) in MMF exhibition and two formalin preserved specimens dated from 2011 (MMF 41667) and 2015 (MMF 44383).</p><p>* Lamna nasus (Bonnaterre, 1788) —Marracho; Porbeagle</p><p>Lowe 1838:194 | Belloc 1934: 138 | Noronha &amp; Sarmento 1934: 115 and 140 | Nobre 1935: 430 (as Lamna cornubica)</p><p>Fowler 1936: 32 | Albuquerque 1954 –56: 86 (as Isurus nasus)</p><p>Noronha &amp; Sarmento 1948: 111 | Maul 1948: 137 | Nunes 1953: 158 | Springer 1973a: 13 | Sanches 1986: 55 | Compagno 1984a: 248–249 | Wirtz et al. 2008: 2 | Carneiro et al. 2014: 11.</p><p>Distribution in Macaronesia. Madeira, Azores (Santos et al. 1997; Porteiro et al. 2010), Canary Islands (Brito et al. 2002) and Cape Verde (Reiner 1996, 2005).</p><p>Remarks. although there are no preserved specimens collected in Madeira, these waters are inside the species’ distribution area (Ebert &amp; Stehmann 2013). Moreover, a recent study on migration patterns of porbeagle shark in the Northeast Atlantic, confirmed the occurrence of this species to Madeiran waters, with one of the tagged sharks being spotted off Madeira (Biais et al. 2017). Wirtz et al. (2008) refer that it was erroneously noted as common by Maul (1948), due to a typographical error. This remark was originally meant for Isurus oxyrhynchus and the reference to a doubtful presence, for L. nasus . (pers. comm. of G. E. Maul to M. Biscoito).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039887A0FFE6FFE7FF22FB89FB1C0382	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Biscoito, Manuel;Ribeiro, Cláudia;Freitas, Mafalda	Biscoito, Manuel, Ribeiro, Cláudia, Freitas, Mafalda (2018): Annotated checklist of the fishes of the archipelago of Madeira (NE Atlantic): I-Chondrichthyes. Zootaxa 4429 (3): 459-494, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4429.3.2
039887A0FFE7FFE7FF22FD16FDA0057D.text	039887A0FFE7FFE7FF22FD16FDA0057D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mitsukurinidae Jordan 1898	<div><p>Family Mitsukurinidae</p><p>* Mitsukurina owstoni Jordan, 1898 —No common name in Madeira; Goblin shark (Fig. 2)</p><p>Cadenat &amp; Blache 1981: 138–141 | Quéro 1984b: 82 | Sanches 1986: 54 | Lloris et al. 1991: 232 | Compagno 1984a: 223–224; 2001: 69–70 | Carneiro et al. 2014: 10.</p><p>Distribution in Macaronesia. recorded only from Madeira.</p><p>Remarks. in MMF there are two formalin preserved specimens, the first dated from 1956 (MMF 8196) and the other one dated from 2004 (MMF 36064). To our knowledge, the latter was the last specimen of this species to be caught in Madeiran waters. It was caught in a bottom long line at Funchal Bay at 2500 m of depth, in the framework of project PESCPROF-1.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039887A0FFE7FFE7FF22FD16FDA0057D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Biscoito, Manuel;Ribeiro, Cláudia;Freitas, Mafalda	Biscoito, Manuel, Ribeiro, Cláudia, Freitas, Mafalda (2018): Annotated checklist of the fishes of the archipelago of Madeira (NE Atlantic): I-Chondrichthyes. Zootaxa 4429 (3): 459-494, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4429.3.2
039887A0FFE7FFE4FF22F998FE3C0330.text	039887A0FFE7FFE4FF22F998FE3C0330.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Odontaspididae	<div><p>Family Odontaspididae</p><p>* Odontaspis ferox (Risso, 1810) —Tubarão-da-areia; Smalltooth sand tiger</p><p>Maul 1955: 1 (as Carcharias ferox)</p><p>Springer 1973b: 11 | Compagno 1984a: 219–221; 2001:64–66 | Quéro 1984b: 80 | Springer 1990: 81–82 | Lloris et al. 1991: 234 | Sanches 1986: 52 | Carneiro et al. 2014: 10.</p><p>Distribution in Macaronesia. Madeira, Azores (Santos et al. 1997; Porteiro et al. 2010), Canary Islands (Brito et al. 2002; Brito Hernández &amp; Sancho Rafel 2003) and Cape Verde (Reiner 1996, 2005; Menezes et al. 2004).</p><p>Remarks. there are two specimens in the MMF collection, a skin (MMF 2478) and a mounted specimen on exhibition (MMF 2678), both obtained in 1941. Maul (1948) refers only the presence of the genus Odontaspis, as O. noronhai was already in the collection, but not yet described, and conspired it very rare.</p><p>* ▲ Odontaspis noronhai (Maul, 1955) —No common name in Madeira; Bigeye sand tiger shark (Fig. 3)</p><p>Maul 1955: 3 as Carcharias noronhai</p><p>Springer 1973b: 11 | Cadenat &amp; Blache 1981: 131–132 | Compagno 1984a 221–222 | Quéro 1984b: 81 | Springer 1990: 82 | Lloris et al. 1991: 204 | Sanches 1986: 53 | Carneiro et al. 2014: 10</p><p>Distribution in Macaronesia. recorded only from Madeira.</p><p>Remarks. Madeira is type locality. The holotype is a mounted female specimen, caught off Câmara de Lobos, Madeira, between 600–1600 meters of depth in 13/04/1941 (MMF 2691). A formalin preserved specimen (MMF 3376) is also present in MMF collection, but collection details are unknown. Maul (1948) states the genus Odontaspis as very rare.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039887A0FFE7FFE4FF22F998FE3C0330	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Biscoito, Manuel;Ribeiro, Cláudia;Freitas, Mafalda	Biscoito, Manuel, Ribeiro, Cláudia, Freitas, Mafalda (2018): Annotated checklist of the fishes of the archipelago of Madeira (NE Atlantic): I-Chondrichthyes. Zootaxa 4429 (3): 459-494, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4429.3.2
039887A0FFE4FFEBFF22F9C6FEBF006A.text	039887A0FFE4FFEBFF22F9C6FEBF006A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Carcharhinidae	<div><p>Familiy Carcharhinidae</p><p>Carcharhinus falciformis (Müller &amp; Henle, 1839) —No common name in Madeira; Silky shark (Fig. 4)</p><p>Lowe 1839: 90 in part (as Carcharius falcipinnis)</p><p>Lowe 1843: 93 (as Charcharias falcipinnis)</p><p>Noronha &amp; Sarmento 1934: 110 and 137 (as Carcharias faclcipinis sic.)</p><p>Compagno 1973: 24; 1984b: 470–472 | Sanches 1986: 69 | Lloris et al. 1991: 223 | Wirtz et al. 2008: 3 | Carneiro et al. 2014: 11.</p><p>Distribution in Macaronesia. Madeira, Azores (Arruda 1997), Canary Islands (Brito et al. 2002; Brito Hernández &amp; Sancho Rafel 2003) and Cape Verde (Wirtz et al. 2013).</p><p>Remarks. the record of this species has been controversial. Lowe (1839) describes C. falcipinnis as new to science, due to the absence of comparative material, and gives the vernacular Madeiran name of “Faqueita” which is currently used for C. galapagensis / C. obscurus (“Faquêta”). Later Lowe (1843) considered that his species was a synonym of C. melanopterus (Quoy &amp; Gaymard, 1824) . This is very doubtful, not only because C. melanopetrus has not yet been recorded from the Atlantic Ocean, but also because Lowe himself did not mention the conspicuous black fin tips in the original description. Compagno (1973) considers C. falcipinnis in part as synonym of C. falciformis . Wirtz et al. (2008) state that this species needs confirmation and Carneiro et al. (2014) accept its presence in Madeira based on the known wide geographical distribution given by Ebert and Stehmann (2013). The holotype of C. falcipinnis is not known, but recently one of the authors (MB) examined a mounted specimen in The Natural History Museum collection (BMNH 1851.4.9.14), from Madeira and presented by R. T. Lowe in 1851, labelled as C. obscurus, and concluded, based mainly on the origin of first dorsal fin in relation to the pectoral fin’s free rear tip (the first well behind the latter), that it is C. falciformis, thus confirming the presence of the species in Madeira.</p><p>* Carcharhinus galapagensis (Snodgrass &amp; Heller, 1905) —Faquêta; Galapagos shark</p><p>Compagno 1984b: 473–474 | Wirtz et al. 2008: 3 | Carneiro et al. 2014: 11.</p><p>Distribution in Macaronesia. Madeira, Azores (Brum &amp; Azevedo 1995; Santos et al. 1997; Arruda 1997; Porteiro et al. 2010), Canary Islands (Brito et al. 2002; Brito Hernández &amp; Sancho Rafel 2003) and Cape Verde (Reiner 1996, 2005; Wirtz et al. 2013).</p><p>Remarks. one mounted specimen in MMF (MMF 023409) collection dated from ca. 1940, in poor state of preservation. Carneiro et al. (2014) mention the presence of this species in the Azores and Madeira, but pointed out that according to Ebert &amp; Stehmann (2013), the species C. obscurus is very closely related with C. galapensis and difficult to distinguish from each other. Recent molecular studies suggested that these two species might in fact be a single one, with one of the two forms being found far from landmasses ( C. galapagensis) and the other one ( C. obscuru s) occurring in association with continental shelves and upper slopes. Studies are currently on-going to determine the relationship between these two species (Ebert &amp; Stehmann 2013). For the time being we have opted to maintain this species in the Madeiran checklist, with the reserve stated above.</p><p>* Carcharhinus limbatus (Müller &amp; Henle, 1839) —Tubarão, Anequim; Blacktip shark</p><p>Lowe 1841: 38; 1843: 93 | Noronha &amp; Sarmento 1934: 133 and 137; 1948: 132 (as Carcharias microps)</p><p>Fowler 1936: 48 (as Eulamia limbatus)</p><p>Maul 1948: 138 (as Charcharias limbatus)</p><p>Albuquerque 1954 –56: 104 | Compagno 1973: 24; 1984b: 481–83 | Branstetter 1984a: 106 | Sanches 1986: 70 | Lloris et al. 1991: 223 | Wirtz et al. 2008: 3 | Carneiro et al. 2014: 12.</p><p>Distribution in Macaronesia. Madeira, Azores (Arruda 1997), Canary Islands (Brito et al. 2002; Brito Hernández &amp; Sancho Rafel 2003) and Cape Verde (Reiner 1996, 2005; Wirtz et al. 2013).</p><p>Remarks. Lowe’s specimen is unknown. One formalin preserved specimen in MMF collections dated from 2008 from the Seine Seamount (MMF 39543). Although Wirtz et al. (2008) considered a very doubtful record, the existence of a preserved specimen in MMF collections confirms the presence of the species in the area of Madeira. * Carcharhinus longimanus (Poey, 1861) —No common name in Madeira; Oceanic whitetip shark</p><p>Maul 1955: 4 | Compagno 1973: 24; 1984b: 484–486 | Cadenat &amp; Blache 1981: 265–267 | Branstetter 1984a: 107 | Sanches 1986: 71 | Lloris et al. 1991: 223 | Wirtz et al. 2008: 3 | Carneiro et al. 2014: 12.</p><p>Distribution in Macaronesia. Madeira, Azores (Santos et al. 1997; Arruda 1997; Porteiro et al. 2010), Canary Islands (Brito et al. 2002; Brito Hernández &amp; Sancho Rafel, 2003) and Cape Verde (Reiner 1996, 2005; Wirtz et al. 2013).</p><p>Remarks. five specimens in MMF collections (one mounted specimen and formalin preserved specimens), first collected in 1938 and last one in 1953. Its occurrence in Madeiran waters is rare.</p><p>* Carcharhinus obscurus (Lesueur, 1818) —Faqueta; Dusky shark (Fig. 5)</p><p>Lowe 1839: 90 in part (as Charcharius falcipinnis)</p><p>Günther 1870: 366 | Belloc 1934: 131 | Noronha &amp; Sarmento 1948: 106 | Maul 1948: 138 (as Carcharias obscurus)</p><p>Fowler 1936: 49 (as Eulamia obscurus)</p><p>Albuquerque 1954 –56: 103 | Compagno 1973: 25; 1984b: 489–4 | Cadenat &amp; Blache 1981: 268–270 | Sanches 1986: 72 | Lloris et al. 1991: 223 | Wirtz et al. 2008: 3 | Carneiro et al. 2014: 12.</p><p>Distribution in Macaronesia. Madeira, Azores (Arruda 1997), Canary Islands (Brito et al. 2002; Brito Hernández &amp; Sancho Rafel 2003) and Cape Verde (Reiner 1996, 2005; Wirtz et al. 2013).</p><p>Remarks. a skin sample in MMF collection identified by G. E. Maul, but with no indication about collection date and location and two specimens preserved in BMNH (1895.5.8.143 and 2015.11.11.1), the former from the Selvagens Islands and the latter from Madeira, possibly sent by R. T. Lowe and with an indication on the label as a possible syntype of C. falcipinnis Lowe, 1839 . Both specimens were seen by one of the authors (MB) and bear all C. obscurus diagnostic characters given by Ebert &amp; Stehmann (2013). On the validity of this species, see remarks on C. galapagensis above. Maul, 1948 refers as rare, pelagic at surface and coastal.</p><p>* Prionace glauca (Linnaeus, 1758)—Tintureira; Blue shark</p><p>Lowe 1838: 194 | Belloc 1934: 131 | Noronha &amp; Sarmento 1934: 131 and 137; 1948: 129 | Nunes 1953: 235 (as Carcharias glaucus)</p><p>Fowler 1936: 54 | Albuquerque 1954 –56: 100 (as Glyphis glaucus)</p><p>Compagno 1973: 30, 1984b: 521–24 | Branstetter 1984a: 113 | Cadenat &amp; Blache 1981: 237–239 | Sanches 1986: 74 | Lloris et al. 1991: 236 | Wirtz et al. 2008: 3 | Carneiro et al. 2014: 12 | Almada et al. 2015: 4.</p><p>Distribution in Macaronesia. Madeira, Azores (Santos et al. 1997; Arruda 1997; Porteiro et al. 2010), Canary Islands (Brito et al. 2002; Brito Hernández &amp; Sancho Rafel 2003) and Cape Verde (Reiner 1996, 2005; Wirtz et al. 2013).</p><p>Remarks. seven specimens in MMF collections. Maul (1948) refers as frequent, pelagic from surface. Frequently seen on the South coast of Madeira, where small individuals have been seen nearshore (MF personal observation).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039887A0FFE4FFEBFF22F9C6FEBF006A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Biscoito, Manuel;Ribeiro, Cláudia;Freitas, Mafalda	Biscoito, Manuel, Ribeiro, Cláudia, Freitas, Mafalda (2018): Annotated checklist of the fishes of the archipelago of Madeira (NE Atlantic): I-Chondrichthyes. Zootaxa 4429 (3): 459-494, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4429.3.2
039887A0FFEBFFEBFF22FE7EFDE70421.text	039887A0FFEBFFEBFF22FE7EFDE70421.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pentanchidae Smith 1912	<div><p>Family Pentanchidae</p><p>* Apristurus laurussonii (Saemundsson, 1922) —No common name in Madeira ; Iceland catshark or Madeira catshark</p><p>Cadenat &amp; Maul 1966: 60 | Compagno 1984b: 270 | Quéro 1984c: 96–97 | Cadenat &amp; Blache 1981: 186 | Sanches 1986: 63 | Lloris et al. 1991: 221 (as Apristurus maderensis)</p><p>Carneiro et al. 2014: 11.</p><p>Distribution in Macaronesia. Madeira, Azores (Santos et al. 1997; Saldanha &amp; Biscoito 1997; Porteiro et al. 2010; Carneiro et al. 2014) and Canary Islands (Brito et al. 2002; Brito Hernández &amp; Sancho Rafel 2003).</p><p>Remarks. Nakaya &amp; Sato (1998) considered A. maderensis Cadenat &amp; Maul (1966) as a junior synonym of A. laurussonii . Two formalin preserved specimens in MMF collections: MMF 18750, the holotype, collected in 1961 in a longline of the black scabbard fish, Aphanopus spp. and MMF 36797, collected more recently in 2005 at Porto Santo.</p><p>* Galeus melastomus Rafinesque, 1810 —Leitão-do-mar; Blackmouth catshark</p><p>Lowe 1838: 194 (as Scyllium artedi)</p><p>Lowe 1843–1860: 93–97 | Günther 1870: 406 | Belloc 1934: 129 (as Pristiurus melanostomus)</p><p>Noronha &amp; Sarmento 1934: 114 and 143 (as Pristiurus artedi)</p><p>Nunes 1953: 156 | Albuquerque 1954 –56: 95 (as Galeus melanostomus)</p><p>Fowler 1936: 40 | Noronha &amp; Sarmento 1948: 110 | Maul 1948: 138 | Springer 1973c: 20 | Cadenat &amp; Blache 1981: 167–171 | Sanches 1986: 64 | Menezes et al. 2009: 2690 | Carneiro et al. 2014: 11.</p><p>Distribution in Macaronesia. Madeira, Azores (Santos et al.1997; Arruda 1997; Carneiro et al. 2014) and the Canary Islands (Brito et al. 2002; Brito Hernández &amp; Sancho Rafel 2003).</p><p>Remarks. four formalin preserved specimens in MMF collections, the first dated from 1968 and the last one from 2004. Maul (1948) refers as frequent all year round and the same author (1976) refers that although it is well known from Madeira, it is not often taken.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039887A0FFEBFFEBFF22FE7EFDE70421	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Biscoito, Manuel;Ribeiro, Cláudia;Freitas, Mafalda	Biscoito, Manuel, Ribeiro, Cláudia, Freitas, Mafalda (2018): Annotated checklist of the fishes of the archipelago of Madeira (NE Atlantic): I-Chondrichthyes. Zootaxa 4429 (3): 459-494, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4429.3.2
039887A0FFEBFFEBFF22FAB4FD4D060F.text	039887A0FFEBFFEBFF22FAB4FD4D060F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudotriakidae	<div><p>Family Pseudotriakidae</p><p>* Pseudotriakis microdon Brito Capello, 1868 — Mona; False catshark</p><p>Noronha 1926: 385 | Noronha &amp; Sarmento 1934: 115 and 143 (as Pseudotriacis microdon sic.)</p><p>Noronha &amp; Sarmento 1948: 112 | Maul 1948: 138 | Nunes 1953: 160 | Albuquerque 1954 –56: 96 | Cadenat &amp; Blache 1981: 199–202 | Compagno 1984b: 378–379 | Quéro 1984c: 101 | Sanches 1986: 65 | Lloris et al. 1991: 236 | Menezes et al. 2009: 2690 | Carneiro et al. 2014: 11.</p><p>Distribution in Macaronesia. Madeira, Azores (Santos et al.1997; Arruda 1997; Porteiro et al. 2010), Canary Islands (Brito et al. 2002; Brito Hernández &amp; Sancho Rafel 2003) and Cape Verde (Reiner 1996, 2005; Menezes et al. 2004).</p><p>Remarks. one formalin-preserved specimen caught on 19.11.1951, at Câmara de Lobos in a bottom long line (MMF 3270) and one mounted in MMF exhibition (no MMF number). There is also a skin from Madeira preserved in BMNH (1921.6.8.1.). Maul (1948) refers as rare.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039887A0FFEBFFEBFF22FAB4FD4D060F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Biscoito, Manuel;Ribeiro, Cláudia;Freitas, Mafalda	Biscoito, Manuel, Ribeiro, Cláudia, Freitas, Mafalda (2018): Annotated checklist of the fishes of the archipelago of Madeira (NE Atlantic): I-Chondrichthyes. Zootaxa 4429 (3): 459-494, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4429.3.2
039887A0FFEBFFE8FF22F893FB1F0332.text	039887A0FFEBFFE8FF22F893FB1F0332.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sphyrnidae	<div><p>Family Sphyrnidae</p><p>* Sphyrna zygaena (Linnaeus, 1758) —Tubarão-martelo, Cornuda; Smooth hammerhead</p><p>Bowdich 1825: 75 | Lowe 1838: 195 (as Squalus zygaena)</p><p>Lowe 1838: 195 | Lowe 1843–60: 83–86 | Günther 1870: 381 (as Zygaena malleus)</p><p>Noronha &amp; Sarmento 1934: 107 and 146 | Nobre 1935: 425 (as Zygaena zygaena)</p><p>Fowler 1936: 64 | Noronha &amp; Sarmento 1948: 103 | Nunes 1953: 101 | Albuquerque 1954 –56: 109 | Gilbert 1973: 32 | Sanches 1986: 76 | Wirtz et al. 2008: 3 | Carneiro et al. 2014: 12.</p><p>Distribution in Macaronesia. Madeira, Azores (Santos et al. 1997; Arruda 1997, Porteiro et al. 2010), Canary Islands (Brito et al. 2002; Brito Hernández &amp; Sancho Rafel 2003) and Cape Verde (Reiner 1996, 2005; Wirtz et al. 2013).</p><p>Remarks. five formalin-preserved specimens in MMF collections, first dated from 1984 and the last one from 2013. Maul (1948) refers as frequent all year round. Common in the island of Madeira and rarer in Porto Santo. Juveniles have been seen nearshore at Funchal during summer (MF personal observation).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039887A0FFEBFFE8FF22F893FB1F0332	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Biscoito, Manuel;Ribeiro, Cláudia;Freitas, Mafalda	Biscoito, Manuel, Ribeiro, Cláudia, Freitas, Mafalda (2018): Annotated checklist of the fishes of the archipelago of Madeira (NE Atlantic): I-Chondrichthyes. Zootaxa 4429 (3): 459-494, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4429.3.2
039887A0FFE8FFE8FF22FD86FA1006F1.text	039887A0FFE8FFE8FF22FD86FA1006F1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triakidae Gray 1851	<div><p>Family Triakidae</p><p>* Galeorhinus galeus (Linnaeus, 1758) —Cação, Tope shark</p><p>Lowe 1838: 194 (as Galeus vulgaris)</p><p>Noronha &amp; Sarmento 1934: 102 and 139 | Nobre 1935: 424 (as Galeus galeu s)</p><p>Belloc 1934: 130 (as Galeus canis)</p><p>Fowler 1936: 57 | Noronha &amp; Sarmento 1948: 97 | Maul 1948: 138 | Nunes 1953: 81 | Albuquerque 1954 –56: 98 | Compagno 1973: 27 | Cadenat &amp; Blache 1981: 210–212 | Branstetter 1984b: 118 | Sanches 1986: 66 | Lloris et al. 1991: 228 | Wirtz et al. 2008: 3 | Carneiro et al. 2014: 11.</p><p>Distribution in Macaronesia. Madeira, Azores (Santos et al. 1997; Arruda 1997; Porteiro et al. 2010), Canary Islands (Brito et al. 2002; Brito Hernández &amp; Sancho Rafel 2003) and Cape Verde (Reiner 1996, 2005; Wirtz et al. 2013).</p><p>Remarks. there are five registers in MMF collections, including skin, jaws and formalin preserved specimens, the first dated from 1944 and the last one from 2013. Maul (1948) refers as frequent all year, coastal, confirmed by recent observations.</p><p>* Mustelus mustelus (Linnaeus, 1758) —Caneja; Smooth-hound</p><p>Vinciguerra 1882 –83: 608 (as Mustelus vulgaris)</p><p>Roule 1919: 115 (as Galeorhinus mustelus)</p><p>Belloc 1934: 130 (as Mustelus laevis)</p><p>Nobre 1935: 428 | Fowler 1936: 61 | Noronha &amp; Sarmento 1948: 97 | Maul 1948: 138 | Albuquerque 1954 –56: 105–106 | Compagno 1973: 28, 1984b: 419 | Cadenat &amp; Blache 1981: 221–222 | Branstetter 1984b: 119 | Sanches 1986: 67 | Lloris et al. 1991: 233 | Wirtz et al. 2008: 3 | Carneiro et al. 2014: 11.</p><p>Distribution in Macaronesia. Madeira, Azores (Santos et al. 1997 stated that the first and only known record of the species to the Azores is based on Belloc (1934) and point that its occurrence in the region needs further documentation), Canary Islands (Brito et al. 2002; Brito Hernández &amp; Sancho Rafel 2003) and Cape Verde (Reiner 1996, 2005; Menezes et al. 2004; Wirtz et al. 2013).</p><p>Remarks. Vinciguerra (1882–83) states that the two specimens from Madeira were young and difficult to recognize the species’ external characters. He assigned them to M. vulgaris Müller &amp; Henle, 1839, based on the position of the dorsal fin insertion in relation to the internal margin of pectoral fin (over the middle of the internal margin of pectoral fin). Although M. vulgaris Müller &amp; Henle, 1839 in part is now considered as a synonym of M. asterias Cloquet, 1819 (Compagno 1973), the character pointed by Vinciguerra clearly falls under M. mustelus . Fowler (1936) and Maul (1948) follow this reasoning, the latter consubstantiated with specimens in the MMF collection, re-determined by us. On this point we do not agree with Compagno (1973) who considers Fowler’s (1936), Noronha &amp; Sarmento’s (1948) and Maul’s (1948) records of M. mustelus as M. asterias (see remarks under the latter in the next category).</p><p>In MMF collections there are thirteen records of M. mustelus, including formalin preserved specimens, skin and jaws, the first dated from 1944 and the last one dated from 2013. Maul (1948) refers the species as frequent all year and coastal. Commonly seen around the island of Madeira all year round, with juveniles being seen in schools nearshore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039887A0FFE8FFE8FF22FD86FA1006F1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Biscoito, Manuel;Ribeiro, Cláudia;Freitas, Mafalda	Biscoito, Manuel, Ribeiro, Cláudia, Freitas, Mafalda (2018): Annotated checklist of the fishes of the archipelago of Madeira (NE Atlantic): I-Chondrichthyes. Zootaxa 4429 (3): 459-494, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4429.3.2
039887A0FFE9FFEFFF22FF34FA880525.text	039887A0FFE9FFEFFF22FF34FA880525.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Centrophoridae Bleeker 1859	<div><p>Family Centrophoridae</p><p>* Centrophorus granulosus (Bloch &amp; Schneider, 1801) —Ramudo; Gulper shark</p><p>Günther 1870: 420–421 | Belloc 1934: 146 | Nobre 1935: 448 | Fowler 1936: 73 | Noronha &amp; Sarmento 1948: 122 | Maul 1948: 138 | Nunes 1953: 200| Albuquerque 1954 –56: 120 | Cadenat &amp; Blache 1981: 54–56 | Krefft &amp; Tortonese 1973: 38 | Compagno 1984a: 37–38 | McEachran &amp; Branstetter 1984: 130 | Sanches 1986: 80 | Lloris et al. 1991: 223 | Carneiro et al. 2014: 13.</p><p>Maul 1948: 139 | Carneiro et al. 2014: 13 (as Centrophorus lusitanicus)</p><p>Freitas &amp; Biscoito 2007: 5 | Carneiro et al. 2014: 13 (as Centrophorus niaukang)</p><p>Distribution in Macaronesia. Madeira, Azores (Santos et al. 1997; Arruda 1997; Porteiro et al. 2010; Menezes et al. 2012), Canary Islands (Brito et al. 2002; Brito Hernández &amp; Sancho Rafel 2003) and Cape Verde (Reiner 1996, 2005; Menezes et al. 2004).</p><p>Remarks. According to White et al. (2013) C. lusitanicus Bocage &amp; Capello, 1864 and C. niaukang Teng, 1959 are considered junior synonyms of C. granulosus . Both C. lusitanicus and C. niaukang had been recorded from Madeira (Maul 1948; Freitas &amp; Biscoito 2007). White et al. (2013) did not see the specimens in MMF collection (20 records, from 1940 until 2004) and doubts remain about the synonymy of the Madeiran specimens previously identified as C. niaukang with C. granulosus, a subject currently under study.</p><p>* ▲ Centrophorus machiquensis Maul, 1955 —Quelmo (Fig. 6)</p><p>Maul 1955: 5 | Krefft &amp; Tortonese 1973: 39 | McEachran &amp; Branstetter 1984: 131 | Lloris et al. 1991: 223 Cadenat &amp; Blache 1981:58–63 (as Centrophorus “forme” uyato – machiquensis).</p><p>Distribution in Macaronesia. r ecorded with certitude only from Madeira. May also be present in the Canary Islands (A. Brito pers. comm.).</p><p>Remarks. Madeira is the type locality. The holotype is a mounted specimen on exhibition in the Funchal Natural History Museum (MMF 3767) and there are a skin and several formalin preserved specimens in MMF collections, from 1941 until 1996.</p><p>The taxonomic status of this species has been questioned by Krefft &amp; Tortonese (1973), McEachran &amp; Branstetter (1984), Compagno (1984b) and (Muñoz-Chapuli &amp; Ramos (1989), all pointing in the direction of a synonymy with C. granulosus . Cadenat &amp; Blache (1981) also questioned the validity of C. machiquensis, as they found not possible to separate C. machiquensis from C. uyato (Rafinesque, 1810) . A revision of the latter is currently under way (White et al., 2013) and these authors recommend that C. machiquensis should be treated as a synonym of C. uyato, for the time being.</p><p>The authors have decided to retain C. machiquensis as a valid species, based on morphological and ecological characters, separating it from C. granulosus and from C. uyato and this matter is being treated elsewhere. See also remarks under C. uyato .</p><p>* Centrophorus squamosus (Bonnaterre, 1788) —Xara-branca; Leafscale gulper shark</p><p>Lowe 1852: 253 | Belloc 1934: 147 | Cadenat &amp; Blache 1981: 63–68 | McEachran &amp; Branstetter 1984: 132 | Compagno 1984a: 43–44 | Sanches 1986 | Lloris et al. 1991: 223 | Carneiro et al. 2014:13.</p><p>Johnson 1868: 713–14 (as Machephilus dumerilli)</p><p>Günther 1870: 422 (as Centrophorus dumerilii)</p><p>Fowler 1936: 78 | Noronha &amp; Sarmento 1948: 132 | Maul 1948: 139 | Nunes 1953: 244 | Albuquerque 1954 – 56: 122 | Krefft &amp; Tortonese 1973: 44 (as Lepidorhinus squamosus) | Martins &amp; Ferreira, 1995 | Freitas &amp; Biscoito 2001 | Severino et al. 2009 | Delgado et al. 2017.</p><p>Distribution in Macaronesia. Madeira, Azores (Santos et al. 1997; Arruda 1997; Porteiro et al. 2010; Menezes et al. 2012) and Canary Islands (Brito et al. 2002; Brito Hernández &amp; Sancho Rafel 2003).</p><p>Remarks. Apart from the holotype of M. dumerilli Johnson, 1868 in the BMNH collections (1865.5.20.15) and one fluid preserved specimen in the AMNH (I-73241 collected on 20.10.1972), there are several formalin preserved specimens, jaws and skins in MMF collections (first dated from 1917 and last one from 1965). Maul (1948) refers as frequent all year, occurring offshore and indeed this is the commonest Centrophorid species in the bycatch of the black scabbard fish longline fishery in Madeira.</p><p>Centrophorus uyato (Rafinesque, 1810) — No common name in Madeira; Little gulper shark – NEW RECORD (Fig. 7)</p><p>Distribution in Macaronesia. Madeira and Cape Verde (Reiner 1996, 2005; Menezes et al. 2004).</p><p>Remarks. the usage of this name and validity of C. uyato is being debated for a long time, as it is pointed out by Muñoz-Chapuli &amp; Ramos (1989), White et al. (2013) and Veríssimo et al. (2014). The authors have opted to preserve the present designation, based on the key provided by Veríssimo et al. (2014).</p><p>This new record is based on a preserved specimen in BMNH 1862. 4.22.29, a 436 mm TL juvenile female caught at Madeira and presented by J. Y. Johnson. A thorough morphological comparison between this Madeiran specimen and specimens from C. machiquensis is being done in order to support the validity of the latter, unless the revision that is under way (White et al. 2013; Veríssimo et al. 2014) brings sound evidence that C. machiquensis is not a valid species. See also remarks under C. machiquensis .</p><p>* ▲ Deania calcea (Lowe, 1839) —Gata; Birdbeak dogfish</p><p>Lowe 1839: 92 as Acanthidium calceus</p><p>Lowe 1849: 19 | Garman 1913: 216 | Albuquerque 1954 –56: 123 (as Acanthidium calceus)</p><p>Lowe 1843: 93 | Günther 1870: 423 | Belloc 1934: 145 | Nobre 1935: 454 (as Centrophorus calceus)</p><p>Capello 1872: 88 (as Centrophorus crepidalbus)</p><p>Fowler 1936: 79 | Maul 1948: 139 | Nunes 1953: 217 | Krefft &amp; Tortonese 1973: 42 | Nunes 1974 | Cadenat &amp; Blache 1981: 69–72 | McEachran &amp; Branstetter 1984: 137 | Sanches 1986 (as Deania calceus)</p><p>Compagno 1984a: 65–66 | Carneiro et al. 2014: 13.</p><p>Distribution in Macaronesia. Madeira, Azores (Santos et al. 1997; Arruda 1997), the Canary Islands (Brito et al. 2002) and Cape Verde (Hanel &amp; John 2014).</p><p>Remarks. Madeira is the type locality. One preserved specimen in BNHM collections (1861.5.19.33), skin samples in MNHN (IC-AA-0025, collected by J. Cadenat in 1960 at 32° 30' N; 14° 0' W). Two preserved specimens in MMF collections (MMF 40030, MMF 42319). Maul (1948) refers as frequent all year, occurring offshore. A detailed comparative study including genetic analysis, of the species of Deania from off Portugal mainland, Madeira, Azores, Morocco, Mauritania, Cabo Verde and Namibia is being done by one of the authors (MF).</p><p>* Deania hystricosa (Garman, 1906) —Sapata; Rough longnose dogfish</p><p>Cadenat &amp; Blache 1981 (as Deania mauli)</p><p>Compagno 1984a: 66–67 (as Deania histricosa sic)</p><p>Carneiro et al. 2014: 13 | Delgado et al. 2017.</p><p>Distribution in Macaronesia. Madeira and Canary Islands (Brito et al. 2002; Brito Hernández &amp; Sancho Rafel 2003).</p><p>Remarks. Several formalin preserved specimens in MMF collections collected on 2004 and 2005. Type material of D. mauli in MNHN (1969–296, 298, 299, 300). This is the largest and probably the commonest of the three Deania species occurring in Madeira and is caught as a by-catch of the black scabbard fish fishery. See other remark under D. calcea .</p><p>* Deania profundorum (Smith &amp; Radcliffe, 1912) —Sapata; Arrowhead dogfish</p><p>Freitas &amp; Biscoito 2007: 5–6 | Carneiro et al. 2014: 13 | Delgado et al. 2017.</p><p>Distribution in Macaronesia. Madeira, Azores (Santos et al. 1997; Porteiro et al. 2010), Canary Islands (Brito et al 2002; Brito Hernández &amp; Sancho Rafel 2003) and Cape Verde (Reiner 1996, 2005; Menezes et al. 2004).</p><p>Remarks. eight formalin preserved specimens in MMF collections (first dated from 1968 and last one from 2013). One specimen preserved in BMNH collections (1986.11.7.1). See other remark under D. calcea .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039887A0FFE9FFEFFF22FF34FA880525	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Biscoito, Manuel;Ribeiro, Cláudia;Freitas, Mafalda	Biscoito, Manuel, Ribeiro, Cláudia, Freitas, Mafalda (2018): Annotated checklist of the fishes of the archipelago of Madeira (NE Atlantic): I-Chondrichthyes. Zootaxa 4429 (3): 459-494, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4429.3.2
039887A0FFEFFFECFF22FB8EFC490037.text	039887A0FFEFFFECFF22FB8EFC490037.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dalatiidae	<div><p>Family Dalatiidae</p><p>* Dalatias licha (Bonnaterre, 1788) —Gata, Trabolha; Kitefin shark</p><p>Bowdich 1825: 74 (as Scymnus licha)</p><p>Lowe 1838: 194 (as Scymnus nicaeensis)</p><p>Günther 1870: 425 | Collet 1890: 219 | Roule 1912: 17 | Noronha &amp; Samento 1934: 144 (as Scymnus lichia)</p><p>Krefft &amp; Tortonese 1973: 46 (as Scymnorhinus licha)</p><p>Fowler 1936: 86 | Noronha &amp; Sarmento 1948: 107 | Maul 1948: 139 | Nunes 1953: 148 | Albuquerque 1954 – 56: 132 | McEachran &amp; Branstetter 1984: 136 | Compagno 1984a: 63–64 | Sanches 1986: 90 | Lloris et al. 1991: 225 | Carneiro et al. 2014: 14 | Delgado et al. 2017.</p><p>Distribution in Macaronesia. Madeira, Azores (Santos et al. 1997; Arruda 1997; Porteiro et al. 2010), Canary Islands (Brito et al. 2002; Brito Hernández &amp; Sancho Rafel 2003) and Cape Verde (Reiner 1996, 2005).</p><p>Remarks. skin, oil, jaws and formalin preserved specimens in MMF collections (dated from 1940, 42 and 44). The DSI in the framework of the project ARQMAD-02-P96, 1996 caught this species using bottom long-lines at a depth 600–700 m, SW of Porto Moniz, Madeira. Maul (1948) refers as frequent all year, from offshore.</p><p>* Squaliolus laticaudus Smith &amp; Radcliffe, 1912 —Tubarão-anão; Spined pygmy shark</p><p>Noronha 1926: 386 | Noronha &amp; Sarmento 1934: 144; 1948: 22 (as Squaliolus sarmenti)</p><p>Maul 1948: 139 | Albuquerque 1954 –56: 135 (as Euprotomicrus sarmenti)</p><p>Lloris et al. 1991: 239 (as Squaliodus laticaudus sic)</p><p>Krefft &amp; Tortonese 1973: 48 | Cadenat &amp; Blache 1981: 108–111 | McEachran &amp; Branstetter 1984: 145 | Compagno 1984a: 108–109 | Sanches 1986: 94 | Carneiro et al. 2014: 14.</p><p>Distribution in Macaronesia. Madeira, Azores (Silva et al. (1998) report as the first record of the species to Azores; Santos et al. (1997) give as a new record, referring to Silva et al. (1998) specimen; Porteiro et al. 2010), Canary Islands (Brito et al. 2002; Brito Hernández &amp; Sancho Rafel 2003) and Cape Verde (Reiner 1996, 2005).</p><p>Remarks. Noronha’s specimen is deposited in FMNH collections (58862 – Squaliolus sarmenti: Off Câmara de Lobos, Funchal, Madeira, eastern Atlantic, depth about 500–800 fathoms). Also a preserved specimen in AMNH (I-15731) and thirteen records, including stomach content and formalin preserved specimens in MMF collections (from 1940 to 2004). Maul (1948) refers as rare, from offshore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039887A0FFEFFFECFF22FB8EFC490037	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Biscoito, Manuel;Ribeiro, Cláudia;Freitas, Mafalda	Biscoito, Manuel, Ribeiro, Cláudia, Freitas, Mafalda (2018): Annotated checklist of the fishes of the archipelago of Madeira (NE Atlantic): I-Chondrichthyes. Zootaxa 4429 (3): 459-494, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4429.3.2
039887A0FFECFFECFF22FE9AFCB3075C.text	039887A0FFECFFECFF22FE9AFCB3075C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Etmopteridae	<div><p>Family Etmopteridae</p><p>* Etmopterus princeps Collett, 1904 —Lixinha-da-fundura; Great lanternshark</p><p>Freitas &amp; Biscoito 2007: 4 | Carneiro et al. 2014: 14.</p><p>Distribution in Macaronesia. Madeira, Azores (Saldanha &amp; Biscoito 1997 [reported as new record to Azores]; Santos et al. 1997; Porteiro et al. 2010), Canary Islands (Brito et al. 2002; Brito Hernández &amp; Sancho Rafel 2003) and Cape Verde (Menezes et al. 2004; Reiner 2005).</p><p>Remarks. seven formalin preserved specimens in MMF collections (first dated from 1984 and the last one from 2004).</p><p>* ▲ Etmopterus pusillus (Lowe, 1839) —Xarinha-preta; Smooth lanternshark</p><p>Lowe 1834: 144 (as Centrina nigra . Specific name preoccupied)</p><p>Lowe 1839: 91 (as Acanthidium pusillum)</p><p>Günther 1870: 425 | Collet 1890: 219 | Noronha &amp; Sarmento 1934: 112 and 144 (as Spinax pusillus)</p><p>Noronha &amp; Sarmento 1934: 139 | Nobre 1935: 459 | Fowler 1936: 81 | Noronha &amp; Sarmento 1948: 108 | Maul 1948: 139 | Nunes 1953: 148 | Albuquerque 1954 –56: 119 | Krefft &amp; Tortonese 1973: 43 | McEachran &amp; Branstetter 1984: 140| Compagno 1984a: 82–83 | Sanches 1986: 87 | Lloris et al. 1991: 22 | Carneiro et al. 2014: 13.</p><p>Distribution in Macaronesia. Madeira, Azores (Santos et al. 1997; Arruda 1997; Saldanha &amp; Biscoito 1997; Porteiro et al. 2010), Canary Islands (Brito et al. 2002; Brito Hernández &amp; Sancho Rafel 2003) and Cape Verde (Menezes et al. 2004; Reiner 2005).</p><p>Remarks. Madeira is the type locality (Syntype: BMNH 1855.11.19.27). Several preserved specimens: USNM 94519 and sixteen records including stomach contents and formalin preserved specimens in MMF collections. Maul (1948) refers as rare, occurring offshore. This is a common species caught as by catch in the black scabbard fish fishery. Maul’s statement can only be justified due to the usual discard of the caught specimens on board, since there is no commercial use of this species.</p><p>* Etmopterus spinax (Linnaeus 1758) —Lixinha-da-fundura; Velvet belly</p><p>Noronha &amp; Sarmento 1934: 114 (as Spinax spinax)</p><p>Nobre 1935: 457 | Fowler 1936: 80 | Noronha &amp; Sarmento 1948: 111 | Maul 1948: 139 | Nunes 1953: 157 | Albuquerque 1954 –56: 118 | Krefft &amp; Tortonese 1973: 42 | McEachran &amp; Branstetter 1984: 141 | Sanches 1986: 86 | Carneiro et al. 2014: 14.</p><p>Distribution in Macaronesia. Madeira archipelago, Azores (Santos et al. 1997; Arruda 1997; Porteiro et al. 2010; Carneiro et al. 2014), Canary Islands (Brito et al. 2002; Brito Hernández &amp; Sancho Rafel 2003) and Cape Verde (Reiner 1996, 2005; Hanel &amp; John 2014 as questionable).</p><p>Remarks. Three specimens in MMF collection (MMF 47153, 47155 &amp; 47163), caught at Unicorn Seamount. Maul (1948) refers this species as rare, occurring offshore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039887A0FFECFFECFF22FE9AFCB3075C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Biscoito, Manuel;Ribeiro, Cláudia;Freitas, Mafalda	Biscoito, Manuel, Ribeiro, Cláudia, Freitas, Mafalda (2018): Annotated checklist of the fishes of the archipelago of Madeira (NE Atlantic): I-Chondrichthyes. Zootaxa 4429 (3): 459-494, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4429.3.2
039887A0FFECFFF2FF22F923FCB30277.text	039887A0FFECFFF2FF22F923FCB30277.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Somniosidae Jordan 1888	<div><p>Family Somniosidae</p><p>* Centroscymnus coelolepis Barbosa du Bocage &amp; de Brito Capello, 1864 —Xara-preta; Portuguese dogfish</p><p>Günther 1870: 423 (as Centrophorus coelolepis)</p><p>Capello 1872: 88 | Belloc 1934: 144 | Noronha &amp; Sarmento 1934: 134 and 137 | Fowler 1936: 74 | Noronha &amp; Sarmento 1948: 133 | Maul 1948: 139 | Nunes 1953: 245 | Albuquerque 1954 –56: 126 | Krefft &amp; Tortonese 1973: 40 | Cadenat &amp; Blache 1981: 95–97 | McEachran &amp; Branstetter 1984: 134–35 | Compagno 1984a: 55–56 | Sanches 1986: 82 | Lloris et al. 1991: 224 | Carneiro et al. 2014: 14.</p><p>Distribution in Macaronesia. Madeira, Azores (Santos et al. 1997; Arruda 1997; Saldanha &amp; Biscoito 1997; Porteiro et al. 2010), Canary Islands (Brito et al. 2002; Brito Hernández &amp; Sancho Rafel 2003) and Cape Verde (Hanel &amp; John 2014).</p><p>Remarks. Several preserved specimens: USNM 94520, MNHN IC-AB0244, MNHN1965-123, and nine records including skin, mounted and formalin preserved specimens in MMF collections (dated from 1944–2017). Maul (1948) refers as frequent all year, occurring offshore.</p><p>* Centroscymnus owstonii Garman, 1906 —Xara-preta-de-natura; Roughskin dogfish</p><p>Günther 1870: 423 (as Centrophorus coelolepis)</p><p>Regan 1906: 437 (as Centroscymnus cryptacanthus)</p><p>Fowler 1936: 75 | Maul 1948: 139 | Albuquerque 1954 –56: 128 | Krefft &amp; Tortonese 1973: 41 | Cadenat &amp; Blache 1981: 93–95 | Sanches 1986: 83 | Lloris et al. 1991:224 (as Centroscymnus cryptacanthus)</p><p>Carneiro et al. 2014: 14.</p><p>Distribution in Macaronesia. Madeira, Azores (Santos et al. 1997; Porteiro et al. 2010) and Canary Islands (Brito et al. 2002; Brito Hernández &amp; Sancho Rafel 2003).</p><p>Remarks. Günther’s specimen (BMNH 1865.5.20.14), is indeed the first record from Madeira, although at the time he has identified it as C. coelolepis . This specimen, who was donated by J. Y. Johnson, was later used by Regan in 1906 to describe Centroscymnus cryptacanthus, now considered a junior synonym of C. owstonii Garman 1906 (Compagno 2001) . Several formalin preserved specimens in MMF collections from Madeira, Porto Santo, Seine and Unicorn Seamounts. Maul (1948) refers as rare, occurring offshore.</p><p>* Centroselachus crepidater (Barbosa du Bocage &amp; de Brito Capello, 1864) —Sapata-de-natura; Longnose velvet dogfish</p><p>Günther 1870: 421–22 | Noronha &amp; Sarmento 1934: 128 and 137 | Nobre 1935: 451 (as Centrophorus crepidater)</p><p>Noronha &amp; Sarmento 1948: 126 (as Centroselachus crepidator)</p><p>Kreftt &amp; Tortonese 1973: 41 | McEachran &amp; Branstetter 1984: 135 | Compagno 1984a: 56–57 | Sanches 1986: 84 | Lloris et al. 1991: 224 (as Centroscymnus crepidater)</p><p>Fowler 1936: 75 | Maul 1948: 139 | Nunes 1953: 218 | Albuquerque 1954 –56: 128 | Carneiro et al 2014: 14.</p><p>Distribution in Macaronesia. Madeira, Azores (Santos et al. 1997; Porteiro et al. 2010) and Canary Islands (Brito et al. 2002; Brito Hernández &amp; Sancho Rafel 2003).</p><p>Remarks. four records, including mounted and formalin preserved specimens in MMF collections (dated from 1931, 1940 and 2004) and one specimen preserved in USNM (94522). Maul (1948) refers as rare, occurring offshore.</p><p>* Scymnodon ringens Barbosa du Bocage &amp; de Brito Capello, 1864 —Boca; Knifetooth dogfish</p><p>Capello 1872: 88 (as Scymnodon ringeus sic)</p><p>Fowler 1936: 76 | Maul 1948: 139 | Albuquerque 1954 –56: 125 | Kreft &amp; Tortonese 1973: 44 | Cadenat &amp; Blache 1981: 87–88 | McEachran &amp; Branstetter 1984: 142 | Sanches 1986: 88 | Lloris et al. 1991: 238 | Carneiro et al. 2014: 14 | Delgado et al. 2017</p><p>Distribution in Macaronesia. Madeira and Canary Islands (Brito et al. 2002; Brito Hernández &amp; Sancho Rafel 2003).</p><p>Remarks. a skin, mounted and formalin preserved specimens in MMF collections dated from 1941 and 1944. Maul (1948) refers as rare, occurring offshore.</p><p>* Somniosus microcephalus (Bloch &amp; Schneider, 1801)—No common name in Madeira; Greenland shark</p><p>Freitas &amp; Biscoito 2007: 6 | Carneiro et al. 2014: 14.</p><p>Distribution in Macaronesia. Madeira, Azores (Porteiro et al. 2010; Menezes et al. 2012) and Canary Islands (Brito et al. 2002; Brito Hernández &amp; Sancho Rafel 2003).</p><p>Remarks. two records (MMF 23429 and 36218), one head and one formalin preserved specimen in MMF collections, dated from 1983 and 2007.</p><p>* Somniosus rostratus (Risso, 1827)—Trabolha-de-natura; Little sleeper shark</p><p>Maul 1955: 7 | Krefft &amp; Tortonese 1973: 47 | Cadenat &amp; Blache 1981: 84–85 | McEachran &amp; Branstetter 1984: 144 | Compagno 1984a: 106–107 | Sanches 1986: 93 | Lloris et al. 1991: 239 | Carneiro et al. 2014: 14.</p><p>Distribution in Macaronesia. Madeira, Azores (Porteiro et al. 2010) and Canary Islands (Brito et al. 2002; Brito Hernández &amp; Sancho Rafel 2003).</p><p>Remarks. Maul (1955) reported two specimens caught in January 1942 in about 1000 m of depth, according to fisherman. Four records, including stuffed skin, jaws, mounted specimens and formalin preserved specimen in MMF collections dated from 1942, 1951 and 2004. Noronha (1926) had already mentioned the presence of the species in Madeiran waters, although only based on visual observations.</p><p>* Zameus squamulosus (Günther, 1877)—Xara-preta-de-focinho-comprido; Velvet dogfish</p><p>Noronha 1926: 385 | Noronha &amp; Sarmento 1934: 137 | Maul 1948: 139 | Albuquerque 1954 –56: 127 (as Centroscymnus obscurus)</p><p>Krefft &amp; Tortonese 1973: 45 | Cadenat &amp; Blache 1981: 88–90 | Compagno 1984a: 98–99 | Lloris et al. 1991: 238 (as Scymnodon obscurus)</p><p>Carneiro et al. 2014: 14.</p><p>Distribution in Macaronesia. Madeira, Azores (Porteiro et al. 2010; Menezes et al. 2012), Canary Islands (Brito et al. 2002; Brito Hernández &amp; Sancho Rafel 2003) and Cape Verde (Menezes et al. 2004).</p><p>Remarks. Three specimens (MMF 0 0 40, 0 605 and 20161) and an oil sample (MMF 0438) in MMF collections. Maul (1948) refers as rare, occurring offshore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039887A0FFECFFF2FF22F923FCB30277	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Biscoito, Manuel;Ribeiro, Cláudia;Freitas, Mafalda	Biscoito, Manuel, Ribeiro, Cláudia, Freitas, Mafalda (2018): Annotated checklist of the fishes of the archipelago of Madeira (NE Atlantic): I-Chondrichthyes. Zootaxa 4429 (3): 459-494, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4429.3.2
039887A0FFF2FFF3FF22FC1CFF78006A.text	039887A0FFF2FFF3FF22FC1CFF78006A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torpedinidae	<div><p>Family Torpedinidae</p><p>* Torpedo marmorata Risso, 1810 —Tremedeira; Spotted torpedo</p><p>Lowe 1838: 195 | Lowe 1843: 94 | Noronha &amp; Sarmento 1934: 131 | Albuquerque 1954 –56: 185–186 | Stehmann &amp; Bürkel 1984a: 160 | Sanches 1986: 122 | Lloris et al. 1991: 240 | Wirtz et al. 2008: 3 | Carneiro et al. 2014: 14 | Almada et al. 2015: 4</p><p>Lowe 1843: 93 (as Torpedo picta)</p><p>Noronha &amp; Sarmento 1934: 145 (as Torpedo marmoratus).</p><p>Distribution in Macaronesia. Madeira, Canary Islands (Brito et al. 2002; Brito Hernández &amp; Sancho Rafel 2003) and Cape Verde (Reiner 1996, 2005; Wirtz et al. 2013).</p><p>Remarks. five records in BMNH (1862.4.22.14, 1861. 5.19.52, 1855. 11.29.23, 1862. 4.22.13, 1898.1.26.43-44) and two formalin preserved specimens in MMF collections (dated from 1964, MMF 0 20632 and 2011, MMF 41393).</p><p>*Tetronarce nobiliana (Bonaparte,1835) —Tremelga; Electric ray</p><p>Lowe 1838: 195 | Günther 1870: 449 | Noronha &amp; Sarmento 1934: 131 and 145 (as Torpedo hebetans)</p><p>Fowler 1936: 121–122 | Maul 1948: 139 | Noronha &amp; Sarmento 1948: 130 | Albuquerque 1954 –56: 186 (as Torpedo nobiliana)</p><p>Krefft &amp; Stehmann 1973a: 56 | Stehmann &amp; Bürkel 1984a: 160 | Sanches 1986 | Lloris et al. 1991: 240 | Wirtz et al. 2008: 3 | Carneiro et al. 2014: 14.</p><p>Distribution in Macaronesia. Madeira and Azores (Santos et al. 1997; Arruda 1997; Porteiro et al. 2010).</p><p>Remarks. Lowe’s specimen (BMNH 1852. 8.30.22, Holotype of T. hebetans) was confirmed as T. nobiliana by the first author. One specimen in MMF collection (MMF 47181), caught at Seine Seamount.</p><p>* Torpedo torpedo (Linnaeus, 1758) —Tremelga; Common torpedo</p><p>Noronha &amp; Sarmento 1948: 130 | Maul 1948: 139 | Nunes 1953: 236 | Sanches 1986: 121 | Carneiro et al. 2014: 14.</p><p>Distribution in Macaronesia. Madeira, Azores (Carneiro et al. 2014), the Canary Islands (Brito et al. 2002; Brito Hernández &amp; Sancho Rafel 2003) and the Cape Verde (Reiner 1996, 2005. Wirtz et al. (2013) made a remark that the photo given by Reiner (2005) is Torpedo marmorata and therefore the presence of this species in Cape Verde needs confirmation).</p><p>Remarks. Five records in MMF collections (dated from 1951 to 1965). Maul (1948) refers as frequent all year, coastal.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039887A0FFF2FFF3FF22FC1CFF78006A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Biscoito, Manuel;Ribeiro, Cláudia;Freitas, Mafalda	Biscoito, Manuel, Ribeiro, Cláudia, Freitas, Mafalda (2018): Annotated checklist of the fishes of the archipelago of Madeira (NE Atlantic): I-Chondrichthyes. Zootaxa 4429 (3): 459-494, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4429.3.2
039887A0FFF3FFF7FF22FE30FC510722.text	039887A0FFF3FFF7FF22FE30FC510722.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rajidae	<div><p>Family Rajidae</p><p>* Dipturus intermedius (Parnell, 1837) —No common name in Madeira; Flapper skate (Fig. 8 and 9) Günther 1870: 468 (as Raja macrorhynchus sic).</p><p>Ebert &amp; Stehmann 2013: 317–321 (as Dipturus sp. cf. intermedia).</p><p>Distribution in Macaronesia. Madeira</p><p>Remarks. one mounted specimen collected in Madeira by R. T. Lowe (BMNH 1860.8.30.7), named as D. macrorynchus, was identified as D. intermedius by MB. One specimen registered in MMF collection dated from 1943 (MMF 2869), collected with bottom trawl off the west coast of Funchal, could not be located. The Madeiran specimen in the Natural History Museum (London), bears two thorns along the lower edges of tail, at level of dorsal fins, distinctly inclined towards the head (Fig. 9), a character of Dipturus intermedia (Iglésias et al. 2010; Last et al. 2016b). It is most probable that this species also occurs in the Azores and the Canary Islands, but we were not able to see specimens from there and records in the literature are referred to Dipturus batis (see remarks in doubtful records).</p><p>Dipturus oxyrinchus (Linnaeus, 1758) —No common name in Madeira; Longnosed skate</p><p>Lowe 1839: 92 (as Raja oxyrhyncus sic)</p><p>Lowe 1843: 94 | Lowe, 1849: 20 | Noronha &amp; Sarmento 1934: 124 and 143 (as Raia oxyrhynchus)</p><p>Fowler 1936: 112 | Noronha &amp; Sarmento 1948: 121 | Maul 1948: 140 | Lloris et al. 1991: 236 (as Raja oxyrinchus)</p><p>Albuquerque 1954 –56:169 (as Raja oxyrhynchus, sic.)</p><p>Stehmann 1973: 63 | Stehmann &amp; Bürkel 1984a: 177 | Sanches 1986: 107 (as Raja (Dipturus) oxyrinchus)</p><p>Wirtz et al. 2008: 4 | Ebert &amp; Stehmann 2013: 225 | Carneiro et al. 2014: 15.</p><p>Distribution in Macaronesia. Madeira, Azores (Santos et al. 1997 Arruda 1997; Porteiro et al. 2010) and Canary Islands (Brito et al. 2002; Brito Hernández &amp; Sancho Rafel 2003).</p><p>Remarks. no specimens or other material from Madeira was found in natural history museum collections. Carneiro et al. (2014) refer as existing in MMF collection, but the specimen in question was collected in Portugal mainland. Maul, 1948 refers as rare, coastal. Despite no specimens in collection have been found, the collection of two specimens off the North coast of Madeira during the ARQMAD 02-P96 Cruise in 1996 (DSI unpubl. data) lead us to leave this species in the checklist.</p><p>Leucoraja fullonica (Linnaeus, 1758) — Raia; Shagreen ray</p><p>Günther 1870: 467 | Fowler 1936: 115 | Noronha &amp; Sarmento 1948: 121 | Maul 1948: 140 | Albuquerque 1954 –56: 166 | Lloris et al. 1991: 236 (as Raja fullonica)</p><p>Garman 1913: 328 | Noronha &amp; Sarmento 1934: 123 and 143 (as Raia fullonica)</p><p>Stehmann 1973: 64 | Stehmann &amp; Bürkel, 1984a: 179 | Sanches, 1986: 108 (as Raja (Leucoraja) fullonica) Wirtz et al. 2008: 4 | Erbert &amp; Stehmann 2013: 335 | Carneiro et al. 2014: 15.</p><p>Distribution in Macaronesia. Madeira and Azores (Santos et al. 1997; Arruda 1997; Porteiro et al. 2010). Remarks. a mounted specimen in BMNH collections (1860.8.30.4), from Madeira donated by R. T. Lowe.</p><p>Leucoraja circularis (Couch 1838) —No common name in Madeira; Sandy skate</p><p>Günther 1870: 462 (as Raja circularis)</p><p>Belloc 1934: 174 | Noronha &amp; Sarmento 1934: 123 (as Raia circularis s ic.).</p><p>Distribution in Macaronesia. Madeira and Canary Islands (Brito Hernández &amp; Sancho Rafel 2003).</p><p>Remarks. this record is based on a mounted specimen in BMNH collections (1860.8.30.3), obtained from Madeira and donated by R. T. Lowe. Based on the external characters (e.g. spines organization on body and number of teeth rows), this specimen has been confirmed by us (MB) as L. circularis .</p><p>Raja brachyura Lafont, 1873 — Raia; Blonde ray</p><p>Günther 1870: 459 (as Raja undulata) and 460 (as Raja asterias)</p><p>Stehmann 1973: 59 | Stehmann &amp; Bürkel 1984a: 184 | Sanches 1986: 100 | Lloris et al. 1991: 236 | Wirtz et al. 2008: 4 | Carneiro et al. 2014: 15.</p><p>Distribution in Macaronesia. Madeira, Azores (Santos et al. 1997; Arruda 1997; Porteiro et al. 2010) and Canary Islands (Brito et al. 2002; Brito Hernández &amp; Sancho Rafel 2003).</p><p>Remarks. Three specimens in BMNH collections (1862.4.22.34, 1864.8.22.2, 2013.3.25.2). Günther (1870) gives R. undulata Lacepède 1802 for Madeira, based on a specimen donated by R. T. Lowe (BMNH 2013.3.25.2). This specimen was later labelled as R. asterias and R. brachyura . The latter identification was confirmed by the authors (MB). This species is reported to have been caught to the North of Madeira, Porto Santo and Desertas Islands, in the framework of project ARQMAD (1995–97), using bottom longlines at 100 m depth (DSI unpubl. data). In spite being mentioned as present in MMF collection (Wirtz et al. 2008; Carneiro et al. 2014), no registered specimens were found in that museum. A specimen was collected off Madeira’s north coast in 2011 and lived for one month in the Aquarium of Porto Moniz ( Carolina Ornelas, pers. comm.).</p><p>Raja clavata Linnaeus, 1758 — Raia, Thornback ray (Fig. 10)</p><p>Günther 1870: 456 | Noronha &amp; Sarmento 1934: 123 and 143 | Fowler 1936: 110 | Noronha &amp; Sarmento 1948: 121 | Maul 1948: 140 | Nunes 1953: 198 | Albuquerque 1954 –56: 160 | Stehmann 1973: 59 | Stehmann &amp; Bürkel 1984a: 185 | Sanches 1986: 102 | Lloris et al. 1991: 236 | Wirtz et al. 2008: 4 | Carneiro et al. 2014: 15.</p><p>Garman 1913: 326 (as Raia clavata).</p><p>Distribution in Macaronesia. Madeira, Azores (Santos et al. 1997; Arruda 1997; Porteiro et al. 2010) and Canary Islands (Lloris et al. 1991).</p><p>Remarks. Wirtz et al. (2008) and Ebert &amp; Stehmann (2013) refer that specimens of Raja clavata from Madeira may be assigned to R. maderensis Lowe, 1838 (see remarks under the latter). One of the specimens from Madeira sent to the Natural History Museum by R. T. Lowe (BMNH 1860.8.30.5) and used by Günther (1870) was observed by one of the authors (MB) and based on their morphological characters, confirmed as R. clavata .</p><p>* ▲ Raja maderensis Lowe, 1838 —Raia-da-Madeira; Madeira ray (Fig. 11)</p><p>Lowe 1838: 195 | Lowe 1843: 94 | Garman 1913: 325 | Belloc 1934: 171 (as Raia maderensis)</p><p>Duméril 1865: 545 | Günther 1870: 459 | Capello 1872: 88 | Noronha &amp; Sarmento 1934: 123 and 143| Fowler 1936: 113 | Noronha &amp; Sarmento 1948: 121 | Maul 1948: 140 | Stehmann 1973: 60 | Stehmann &amp; Bürkel 1984a: 186 | Sanches 1986: 103 | Lloris et al. 1991: 236 | Wirtz et al. 2008: 4 | Carneiro et al. 2014: 15 | Last et al. 2016b: 322</p><p>Distribution in Macaronesia. Madeira, Azores (Santos et al. 1997; Arruda 1997) and the Canary Islands (Brito et al. 2002; Brito Hernández &amp; Sancho Rafel 2003).</p><p>Remarks. Madeira is the type locality of this species. Holotype not found. A specimen preserved in BMNH (1862.4.22.35), a female specimen in alcohol in MNHN (MNHN-IC-0000-1792) and eight records including formalin preserved specimens and other material in MMF collections (dated from 1964 to 2013). Maul (1948) refers as coastal and frequent all year round and the same author (1976), refers as relatively common in about 100 m depth in Madeiran waters. The validity of this species has been questioned (Chevolot et al. 2007; Serra-Pereira et al. 2011; Ball et al. 2016). Based on genetics, Chevolot et al. (2007) concluded that Azorean specimens identified as R. maderensis, might in fact be R. clavata . Ball et al. (2016) did not study specimens from Madeira and admit that, in spite their data point to the synonymy of R. maderensis with R. clavata, the existence of an endemic R. maderensis could not be ruled out. The material of both species ( R. maderensis from Madeira and Azores and R. clavata from Madeira and UK), observed by the authors (MB) in BMNH as well as recent observations and genetic analyses of fresh specimens of R. maderensis from Madeira by the authors (MF), show consistent differences between the two species, regarding not only colour pattern, but also teeth shape and genetic divergence. We therefore consider both species valid, as Last et al. (2016b). The specimens from the Azores (BMNH 1903. 6.27.38 and 1983.9.8.1) confirm the presence of this species in that archipelago. At least 10 specimens collected off Madeira’s north coast between 2005 and 2014 lived from a few months to 9 years in the Aquarium of Porto Moniz ( Carolina Ornelas, pers. comm.).</p><p>Raja montagui Fowler 1910 —Raia-pregada; Spotted ray</p><p>Günther 1870: 458 (as Raja maculata)</p><p>Noronha &amp; Sarmento 1934: 123 and 143 (as Raia maculata)</p><p>Maul 1976: 7</p><p>Distribution in Macaronesia. Madeira and Canary Islands (Brito et al. 2002; Brito Hernández &amp; Sancho Rafel 2003).</p><p>Remarks. Günther’s specimen (BMNH 1860.8.30.2), presented by R. T. Lowe, is a mounted half-grown</p><p>female and its identity was confirmed by the authors (MB). This species is not present in MMF collections, despite what is said by Carneiro et al. (2014).</p><p>* Rostroraja alba (Lacepède, 1803) —No common name in Madeira; Bottlenosed skate</p><p>Lloris et al 1991: 236 (as Raja alba)</p><p>Carneiro et al. 2014: 15.</p><p>Distribution in Macaronesia. Madeira and Canary Islands (Brito et al. 2002; Brito Hernández &amp; Sancho Rafel 2003).</p><p>Remarks. two preserved specimens in MMF collection (MMF 23650 and MMF 36215), both collected on Desertas islands, first dated from 1984 and the last one dated from 2004.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039887A0FFF3FFF7FF22FE30FC510722	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Biscoito, Manuel;Ribeiro, Cláudia;Freitas, Mafalda	Biscoito, Manuel, Ribeiro, Cláudia, Freitas, Mafalda (2018): Annotated checklist of the fishes of the archipelago of Madeira (NE Atlantic): I-Chondrichthyes. Zootaxa 4429 (3): 459-494, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4429.3.2
039887A0FFF7FFF5FF22F949FA9F01D2.text	039887A0FFF7FFF5FF22F949FA9F01D2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dasyatidae	<div><p>Family Dasyatidae</p><p>Bathytoshia lata (Garman, 1880) —Ratão; Roughtail stingray (Fig. 12)</p><p>Günther 1870, 477 (as Trygon thalassia)</p><p>Fowler 1936: 126 | Albuquerque 1954 –56: 174 | Krefft &amp; Stehmann 1973b: 71 | McEachran &amp; Capapé 1984: 198 | Sanches 1986 | Lloris et al 1991: 225 | Wirtz et al. 2008: 4 | Ebert &amp; Stehmann 2013: 396 | Carneiro et al. 2014: 16 (as Dasyatis centroura).</p><p>Last et al. 2016a: 532</p><p>Distribution in Macaronesia. Madeira, Azores (Santos et al. 1997; Porteiro et al. 2010), Canary Islands (Brito et al. 2002; Brito Hernández &amp; Sancho Rafel 2003) and the Cape Verde (Reiner 1996, 2005; Wirtz et al. 2013; Hanel &amp; John 2014).</p><p>Remarks. a female specimen from Madeira (BMNH 1931.5.6.) was confirmed by the first author. Wirtz et al., 2008 stated as not present in the MMF collection, but this record is confirmed by numerous underwater photos.</p><p>* Dasyatis pastinaca (Linnaeus, 1758) —Ratão; Common stingray</p><p>Lowe 1838:196 | Noronha &amp; Sarmento 1934: 125 and 145 (as Trygon pastinaca)</p><p>Fowler 1936: 128 | Noronha &amp; Sarmento 1948: 122 | Maul 1948: 140, 42 | Nunes 1953: 201 | Albuquerque 1954 –56: 172| Krefft &amp; Stehmann 1973b: 70 | McEachran &amp; Capapé 1984: 199 | Sanches 1986: 174 | Lloris et al. 1991: 225 | Wirtz et al. 2008: 4 | Ebert &amp; Stehmann 2013:397 | Carneiro et al. 2014: 16 | Almada et al. 2015: 4.</p><p>Distribution in Macaronesia. Madeira, Azores (Santos et al. 1997; Arruda 1997; Porteiro et al. 2010), Canary Islands (Brito et al. 2002; Brito Hernández &amp; Sancho Rafel 2003) and Cape Verde (Reiner 1996, 2005; Wirtz et al. 2013; Hanel &amp; John 2014).</p><p>Remarks. specimen preserved in BMNH collections (1898.1.26.45-46) and three formalin preserved specimens in MMF collections (dated from 1993 and 94). Maul (1948) refers as frequent all year and coastal, which is confirmed by the authors.</p><p>* Pteroplatytrygon violacea (Bonaparte, 1832) —No common name in Madeira, Pelagic stingray</p><p>Biscoito &amp; Wirtz 1994: 2 (as Dasyatis violacea)</p><p>Wirtz et al. 2008: 4 (as Pteryplatytrygon violacea sic)</p><p>Ebert &amp; Stehmann 2013: 399 | Carneiro et al. 2015: 16.</p><p>Distribution in Macaronesia. Madeira, Azores (Santos et al. 1997; Arruda 1997; Porteiro et al. 2010), Canary Islands (Brito et al. 2002; Brito Hernández &amp; Sancho Rafel 2003) and Cape Verde (Hanel &amp; John 2014).</p><p>Remarks. three formalin preserved specimens in MMF collections (MMF 25298–25300), all dated from 1990.</p><p>* Taeniurops grabatus (Geoffroy St. Hilaire, 1817)—Ratão; Round stingray</p><p>Biscoito &amp; Wirtz 1994: 2 | Wirtz et al. 2008: 5 | Carneiro et al. 2014: 16 | Almada et al. 2015: 4 (as Taeniura grabata)</p><p>Distribution in Macaronesia. Madeira, Azores (Santos et al. 1997; Arruda 1997; Porteiro et al. 2010;</p><p>Carneiro et al. 2014), Canary Islands (Brito et al. 2002; Brito Hernández &amp; Sancho Rafel 2003) and Cape Verde (Reiner 1996, 2005; Monteiro et al. 2008; Wirtz et al. 2013; Hanel &amp; John 2014).</p><p>Remarks. one formalin preserved specimen in MMF collections (MMF 28784) dated from 1997.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039887A0FFF7FFF5FF22F949FA9F01D2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Biscoito, Manuel;Ribeiro, Cláudia;Freitas, Mafalda	Biscoito, Manuel, Ribeiro, Cláudia, Freitas, Mafalda (2018): Annotated checklist of the fishes of the archipelago of Madeira (NE Atlantic): I-Chondrichthyes. Zootaxa 4429 (3): 459-494, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4429.3.2
039887A0FFF5FFF5FF22FEA6FF44021D.text	039887A0FFF5FFF5FF22FEA6FF44021D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gymnuridae Fowler 1934	<div><p>Family Gymnuridae</p><p>* Gymnura altavela (Linnaeus, 1758) —Uje-manta; Spiny butterfly ray</p><p>Lowe 1839: 92 | Lowe 1843: 94 (as Trygon altavela)</p><p>Günther 1870: 486 | Noronha &amp; Sarmento 1934: 124 and 143 | Nobre 1935: 487 | Fowler 1936: 131 | Noronha &amp; Sarmento 1948: 121 | Maul 1948: 140 | Albuquerque 1954 –56: 174 (as Pteroplatea altavela)</p><p>Krefft &amp; Stehmann 1973b: 72 | McEachran &amp; Capapé 1984: 204 | Sanches 1986: 116 | Lloris et al. 1991 | Wirtz et al. 2008: 5 | Ebert &amp; Stehmann 2013: 401 | Carneiro et al. 2014: 16.</p><p>Distribution in Macaronesia. Madeira and Canary Islands (Brito et al. 2002; Brito Hernández &amp; Sancho Rafel 2003).</p><p>Remarks. two formalin preserved specimens in MMF (MMF 14040, 22137) collections (dated from 1958 and 1966). A specimen was collected off Madeira’s north coast in 2005 and lived for seven years in the Aquarium of Porto Moniz ( Carolina Ornelas, pers. comm.). Commonly seen by divers in Madeira, including authors (CR and MF).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039887A0FFF5FFF5FF22FEA6FF44021D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Biscoito, Manuel;Ribeiro, Cláudia;Freitas, Mafalda	Biscoito, Manuel, Ribeiro, Cláudia, Freitas, Mafalda (2018): Annotated checklist of the fishes of the archipelago of Madeira (NE Atlantic): I-Chondrichthyes. Zootaxa 4429 (3): 459-494, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4429.3.2
039887A0FFF5FFF5FF22FC60FDE5069C.text	039887A0FFF5FFF5FF22FC60FDE5069C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Myliobatidae	<div><p>Family Myliobatidae</p><p>* Myliobatis aquila (Linnaeus, 1758) —Ratão-águia; Common eagle ray</p><p>Günther 1870: 489 | Noronha &amp; Sarmento 1934: 124 | Nobre 1935: 489 | Fowler 1936: 134 | Noronha &amp; Sarmento 1948: 122 | Maul 1948: 140 | Nunes 1953: 199 | Albuquerque 1954 –56: 177 | Krefft &amp; Stehmann 1973b: 74 | McEachran &amp; Capapé 1984: 206 | Sanches 1986: 117 | Lloris et al. 1991: 233 | Wirtz et al. 2008: 5 | Ebert &amp; Stehmann 2013: 405| Carneiro et al. 2014: 16 | Almada et al. 2015: 4.</p><p>Belloc 1934: 175 (as Leiobatus aquila).</p><p>Distribution in Macaronesia. Madeira, Azores (Santos et al. 1997; Arruda 1997; Porteiro et al. 2010; Carneiro et al. 2014), Canary Islands (Brito et al. 2002; Brito Hernández &amp; Sancho Rafel 2003) and Cape Verde (Reiner 1996, 2005; Wirtz et al. 2013; Hanel &amp; John 2014).</p><p>Remarks. one preserved specimen in BMNH (1898.1.26.47), five formalin and ethanol preserved specimens in MMF collection (dated from 1960 to 2006). Although Maul (1948) refers as coastal and rare, it is commonly observed in Madeira and Porto Santo. At least 12 specimens collected off Madeira’s north coast between 2005 and 2014 lived from a few months to 10 years in the Aquarium of Porto Moniz ( Carolina Ornelas, pers. comm.).</p><p>Aetomylaeus bovinus (Geoffroy St. Hilaire, 1817) —Dormideiro; Bull ray</p><p>Lowe 1838: 196, 1843–60: 99 (as Myliobatis aquila)</p><p>Günther 1870: 490 | Noronha &amp; Sarmento 1934: 124 (as Myliobatis bovina)</p><p>Nobre 1934: 490 | Fowler 1936: 135 | Maul 1948: 140 | Nunes 1953: 199 | Albuquerque 1954 –56: 178 (as Pteromylaeus bovina)</p><p>Krefft &amp; Stehmann 1973b: 74 | McEachran &amp; Capapé 1984: 206 | Sanches 1986: 118 | Lloris et al. 1991: 236 | Wirtz et al. 2008: 5 | Ebert &amp; Stehmann 2013: 407 | Carneiro et al. 2014: 16 | Almada et al. 2015: 4 (as Pteromylaeus bovinus).</p><p>Distribution in Macaronesia. Madeira, Canary Islands (Brito et al. 2002; Brito Hernández &amp; Sancho Rafel 2003) and Cape Verde (Reiner 1996, 2005; Wirtz et al. 2013; Hanel &amp; John 2014).</p><p>Remarks. Lowe (1843–60) gives a detailed description of this species leaving no doubt that he is referring to A. bovinus and not M. aquila . Günther (1870) refers at least three specimens from Madeira, two of them sent by R. T. Lowe. Although there are no specimens in the MMF collections, this record was confirmed by underwater photos (Wirtz et al. 2008 and the authors).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039887A0FFF5FFF5FF22FC60FDE5069C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Biscoito, Manuel;Ribeiro, Cláudia;Freitas, Mafalda	Biscoito, Manuel, Ribeiro, Cláudia, Freitas, Mafalda (2018): Annotated checklist of the fishes of the archipelago of Madeira (NE Atlantic): I-Chondrichthyes. Zootaxa 4429 (3): 459-494, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4429.3.2
039887A0FFFAFFFAFF22FAFEFB4407F1.text	039887A0FFFAFFFAFF22FAFEFB4407F1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chimaeridae	<div><p>Family Chimaeridae</p><p>* Chimaera opalescens Luchetti, Iglésias &amp; Sellos 2011 — No common name</p><p>Freitas et al. 2017: 84</p><p>Distribution in Macaronesia. Madeira.</p><p>Remarks. six formalin preserved specimens in MMF collection (dated from 1961 to 2015), previously identified as C. monstrosa were re-identified (Freitas et al. 2017).</p><p>* Hydrolagus affinis (de Brito Capello, 1868) —Ratazana-da-fundura; Smalleyed rabbitfish</p><p>Freitas et al. 2011: 256 | Carneiro et al. 2014: 16.</p><p>Distribution in Macaronesia. Madeira, Azores (Porteiro et al. 2010; Menezes et al. 2012; Carneiro et al. 2014) and the Canary Islands (Brito et al. 2002; Brito Hernández &amp; Sancho Rafel 2003).</p><p>Remarks. four formalin preserved specimens in MMF collections dated from 1956 to 2004.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039887A0FFFAFFFAFF22FAFEFB4407F1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Biscoito, Manuel;Ribeiro, Cláudia;Freitas, Mafalda	Biscoito, Manuel, Ribeiro, Cláudia, Freitas, Mafalda (2018): Annotated checklist of the fishes of the archipelago of Madeira (NE Atlantic): I-Chondrichthyes. Zootaxa 4429 (3): 459-494, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4429.3.2
039887A0FFFAFFFAFF22FF72FE5A0518.text	039887A0FFFAFFFAFF22FF72FE5A0518.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mobulidae Gill 1893	<div><p>Family Mobulidae</p><p>* Mobula birostris (Walbaum, 1792) — Manta; Giant manta</p><p>Maul 1948: 140 | Nunes 1953: 241 | Albuquerque 1954 –56: 183 | Sanches 1986: 120 | Wirtz et al. 2008: 5 | Carneiro et al. 2014: 16 (as Manta birostris).</p><p>Distribution in Macaronesia. Madeira, Azores (Santos et al. 1997; Porteiro et al. 2010; Carneiro et al. 2014), Canary Islands (Brito et al. 2002; Brito Hernández &amp; Sancho Rafel 2003) and Cape Verde (Reiner 1996, 2005; Monteiro et al. 2008; Wirtz et al. 2013; Hanel &amp; John 2014).</p><p>Remarks. one mounted specimen in MMF exhibition. Maul, 1948 refers as frequent in some seasons, coastal at surface and also occurring offshore.</p><p>* Mobula mobular (Bonnaterre, 1788) —Jamanta, urjemanta; Devil fish</p><p>Johnson 1885: 202 (as Dicerobatis giorna)</p><p>Noronha &amp; Sarmento 1934: 133 (as Dicerobatis giornae)</p><p>Nobre 1935: 491 | Noronha &amp; Sarmento 1948: 132 | Maul 1948: 140 | Nunes 1953: 241 | Albuquerque 1954 – 56: 181 | Krefft &amp; Stehmann 1973c: 77 | Sanches 1986: 119 | Wirtz et al. 2008: 5 | Ebert &amp; Stehmann 2013: 415 | Carneiro et al. 2014: 16.</p><p>Distribution in Macaronesia. Madeira, Azores (Santos et al. 1997; Arruda 1997; Porteiro et al. 2010; Carneiro et al. 2014), Canary Islands (Brito et al. 2002; Brito Hernández &amp; Sancho Rafel 2003) and Cape Verde (Reiner 1996, 2005; Wirtz et al. 2013 refer the record needs confirmation; Hanel &amp; John 2014 refer there is no record for the area).</p><p>Remarks. Maul (1948) mentions the presence of the species in MMF collections. Indeed there is a register in the catalogue (MMF 546), but unfortunately it could not be located. Other natural history museums checked did not have Madeira specimens. In spite of this and taking into consideration the distribution area given by Ebert &amp; Stehmann (2013), which makes the presence of this species in Madeira highly probable, we opt to consider it as present in Madeiran waters.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039887A0FFFAFFFAFF22FF72FE5A0518	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Biscoito, Manuel;Ribeiro, Cláudia;Freitas, Mafalda	Biscoito, Manuel, Ribeiro, Cláudia, Freitas, Mafalda (2018): Annotated checklist of the fishes of the archipelago of Madeira (NE Atlantic): I-Chondrichthyes. Zootaxa 4429 (3): 459-494, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4429.3.2
039887A0FFFAFFFBFF22F881FCFD051F.text	039887A0FFFAFFFBFF22F881FCFD051F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Carcharhinidae	<div><p>Family Carcharhinidae</p><p>Carcharhinus plumbeus (Nardo, 1827) —No common name in Madeira; Sandbar Shark</p><p>Lloris et al. 1991: 223 | Branstetter 1984a: 109 | Carneiro et al. 2014: 12.</p><p>Distribution in Macaronesia. possibly Madeira archipelago, Azores (Arruda 1997), Canary Islands (Brito Hernández &amp; Sancho Rafel 2003) and Cape Verde (Reiner 1996, 2005; Wirtz et al. 2013).</p><p>Remarks. According to Ebert &amp; Stehmann (2013) the occurrence of C. plumbeus in Madeira is possible. Since neither specimens nor other material in natural history museum collections were found, nor reliable observations were recorded, at this point, the presence of this species is considered as subject to confirmation.</p><p>Galeocerdo cuvier (Péron &amp; Lesuer, 1822) —Tubarão-tigre; Tiger shark</p><p>Branstetter 1984a: 111 | Lloris et al. 1991: 228 | Carneiro et al. 2014: 12.</p><p>Distribution in Macaronesia. possibly Madeira archipelago, Azores (Santos et al. 1997; Arruda 1997; Porteiro et al. 2010), Canary Islands (Brito et al. 2002; Brito Hernández &amp; Sancho Rafel 2003) and Cape Verde (Reiner 1996, 2005; Monteiro et al. 2008; Wirtz et al. 2013)</p><p>Remarks. no specimens or other material from Madeira were found in natural history museum collections. Carneiro et al. (2014) noted that Ebert &amp; Stehmann (2013) indicated the presence of the species in Madeira based on its geographical distribution. Since the species has been reported from the remaining Macaronesian archipelagos and it has been collected in the Azores, the occurrence of the species in Madeiran waters is also expected, but at this point, the presence of this species is considered as subject to confirmation.</p><p>Rhizoprionodon acutus (Rüppell, 1837) —Tubarão-bicudo, Milk shark</p><p>Compagno 1973: 31 | Cadenat &amp; Blache 1981: 244–247 | Compagno 1984b: 525–26 | Branstetter 1984a: 114 | Sanches 1986: 75 | Lloris et al. 1991: 237 | Wirtz et al. 2008: 3 | Carneiro et al. 2014: 12.</p><p>Distribution in Macaronesia. possibly Madeira archipelago and Cape Verde (Reiner 1996, 2005; Menezes et al. 2004; Wirtz et al. 2013).</p><p>Remarks. no specimens or other material from Madeira were found in natural history museum collections. Wirtz et al. (2008), considered this record from Madeira as very doubtful. Carneiro et al. (2014) state that R. acutus was indicated as native from Madeira by Compagno (1984b), but its presence was not confirmed. At this point, the presence of this species is considered as subject to confirmation.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039887A0FFFAFFFBFF22F881FCFD051F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Biscoito, Manuel;Ribeiro, Cláudia;Freitas, Mafalda	Biscoito, Manuel, Ribeiro, Cláudia, Freitas, Mafalda (2018): Annotated checklist of the fishes of the archipelago of Madeira (NE Atlantic): I-Chondrichthyes. Zootaxa 4429 (3): 459-494, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4429.3.2
039887A0FFFBFFFBFF22FB62FDD504C9.text	039887A0FFFBFFFBFF22FB62FDD504C9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scyliorhinidae	<div><p>Family Scyliorhinidae</p><p>Scyliorhinus canicula (Linnaeus, 1758) —Pata-roxa; Small-spotted catshark</p><p>Lichtenstein 1844: 2 (as Squalus catalus)</p><p>Fowler 1936: 38 | Albuquerque 1954 –56: 93 | Carneiro et al 2014: 11</p><p>Distribution in Macaronesia. Possibly Madeira archipelago, Azores (Santos et al.1997) and Canary Islands (Brito et al. 2002; Brito Hernández &amp; Sancho Rafel 2003)</p><p>Remarks. no specimens or other material from Madeira were found in natural history museum collections. According to Maul (1976) it does not seem to live in Madeiran waters. At this point, the presence of this species is considered as subject to confirmation.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039887A0FFFBFFFBFF22FB62FDD504C9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Biscoito, Manuel;Ribeiro, Cláudia;Freitas, Mafalda	Biscoito, Manuel, Ribeiro, Cláudia, Freitas, Mafalda (2018): Annotated checklist of the fishes of the archipelago of Madeira (NE Atlantic): I-Chondrichthyes. Zootaxa 4429 (3): 459-494, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4429.3.2
039887A0FFFBFFF8FF22F9DCFC070037.text	039887A0FFFBFFF8FF22F9DCFC070037.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triakidae Gray 1851	<div><p>Family Triakidae</p><p>Mustelus asterias Cloquet, 1819 —Caneja; Starry smooth-hound</p><p>Compagno 1973: 28; 1984b: 402 | Branstetter 1984b: 119 | Sanches 1986: 68 | Lloris et al. 1991: 233 | Wirtz et al 2008: 3 | Carneiro et al 2014: 11.</p><p>Distribution in Macaronesia. possibly Madeira archipelago and Canary Islands (Brito et al 2002; Brito Hernández &amp; Sancho Rafel 2003).</p><p>Remarks. Noronha &amp; Sarmento (1934: 103), recorded Mustelus vulgaris Müller &amp; Henle 1839 . Since part of Müller &amp; Henle’s species is considered as a synonym of M. mustelus and another part as a synonym of M. asterias and Noronha &amp; Sarmento (1934) do not give any diagnostic characters, it is impossible to assign this record to any of the species in question. Compagno (1973) records M. asterias from Madeira, based on Fowler (1936: 61, as M. mustelus) and Noronha &amp; Sarmento 1948: 97, 138, as M. mustelus), influencing the subsequent records, all based in literature. As demonstrated in the remarks under M. mustelus in the present paper, Fowler’s and Noronha’s records were based on Vinciguerra’s (1882–83) specimens, which in turn should be considered as M. mustelus . Since no specimens or other material from Madeira were found in natural history museum collections, at this point, the presence of this species is considered as subject to confirmation.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039887A0FFFBFFF8FF22F9DCFC070037	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Biscoito, Manuel;Ribeiro, Cláudia;Freitas, Mafalda	Biscoito, Manuel, Ribeiro, Cláudia, Freitas, Mafalda (2018): Annotated checklist of the fishes of the archipelago of Madeira (NE Atlantic): I-Chondrichthyes. Zootaxa 4429 (3): 459-494, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4429.3.2
039887A0FFF8FFF8FF22FD10FB38045C.text	039887A0FFF8FFF8FF22FD10FB38045C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oxynotidae	<div><p>Family Oxynotidae</p><p>Oxynotus centrina (Linnaeus, 1758) — No common name in Madeira; Angular roughshark</p><p>Lowe 1838: 194 (as Centrina Salviani)</p><p>Noronha &amp; Sarmento 1934: 137 | Nobre 1935: 444 (as Centrina centrina)</p><p>Ebert &amp; Stehmann 2013: 122.</p><p>Distribution in Macaronesia. possibly Madeira archipelago, Canary Islands (Brito et al. 2002; Brito Hernández &amp; Sancho Rafel 2003) and Cape Verde (Reiner 1996, 2005).</p><p>Remarks. Since no specimens or other material from Madeira were found in natural history museum collections, at this point, the presence of this species is considered as subject to confirmation.</p><p>Oxynotus paradoxus Frade, 1929 —No common name in Madeira; Sailfin roughshark</p><p>Quéro 1984d: 127 | Carneiro et al. 2014: 14 | Ebert &amp; Stehmann 2013: 124</p><p>Distribution in Macaronesia. possibly Madeira archipelago, Azores (Santos et al. 1997; Azevedo et al. 2003; Carneiro et al. 2014), Canary Islands (Ebert &amp; Stehmann 2013) and Cape Verde (Hanel &amp; John 2014, but with no specimens).</p><p>Remarks. since no specimens or other material from Madeira were found in natural history museum collections, at this point, the presence of this species is considered as subject to confirmation.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039887A0FFF8FFF8FF22FD10FB38045C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Biscoito, Manuel;Ribeiro, Cláudia;Freitas, Mafalda	Biscoito, Manuel, Ribeiro, Cláudia, Freitas, Mafalda (2018): Annotated checklist of the fishes of the archipelago of Madeira (NE Atlantic): I-Chondrichthyes. Zootaxa 4429 (3): 459-494, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4429.3.2
039887A0FFF8FFF8FF22F9FAFE5E06F2.text	039887A0FFF8FFF8FF22F9FAFE5E06F2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pristidae	<div><p>Family Pristidae</p><p>Pristis pristis (Linnaeus, 1758) —No common name in Madeira; Common sawfish</p><p>Noronha &amp; Sarmento 1934: 110 and 143 (as Pristis antiquorum Latham)</p><p>Nobre 1935: 467 | Noronha &amp; Sarmento 1948: 105 | Maul 1948: 139 | Nunes 1953: 134 | Albuquerque 1954 –56: 144 | Krefft &amp; Stehmann 1973d: 51 | Stehmann &amp; Bürkel 1984b: 154 | Sanches 1986: 96 | Lloris et al. 1991: 236 | Wirtz et al. 2008: 3 | Carneiro et al. 2014: 15.</p><p>Distribution in Macaronesia. possibly Madeira archipelago, Canary Islands (Lloris et al. 1991; Brito et al. 2002; Brito Hernández &amp; Sancho Rafel 2003) and questionably Cape Verde (Reiner 1996, 2005; Wirtz et al. 2013, Hanel &amp; John 2014).</p><p>Remarks. no specimens or other material from Madeira was found in major natural history collections. Although Maul (1948) refers it as very rare, we opt to consider the presence of this species as in need of confirmation.</p><p>ORDER RAJIFORMES</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039887A0FFF8FFF8FF22F9FAFE5E06F2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Biscoito, Manuel;Ribeiro, Cláudia;Freitas, Mafalda	Biscoito, Manuel, Ribeiro, Cláudia, Freitas, Mafalda (2018): Annotated checklist of the fishes of the archipelago of Madeira (NE Atlantic): I-Chondrichthyes. Zootaxa 4429 (3): 459-494, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4429.3.2
039887A0FFF8FFF8FF22FE9AFB9E038D.text	039887A0FFF8FFF8FF22FE9AFB9E038D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sphyrnidae	<div><p>Family Sphyrnidae</p><p>Sphyrna lewini (Griffith &amp; Smith, 1834) — Tubarão-martelo; Scalloped hammerhead</p><p>Quéro 1984d: 123 | Wirtz et al. 2008: 3 | Carneiro et al. 2014: 12.</p><p>Distribution in Macaronesia. possibly Madeira archipelago, Azores (Arruda 1997, but not considered a valid record by Santos et al. 1997), Canary Islands (Brito et al. 2002; Brito Hernández &amp; Sancho Rafel 2003) and Cape Verde (Wirtz et al. 2013, stating the need of confirmation).</p><p>Remarks. no specimens or other material from Madeira were found in natural history museum collections. At this point, the presence of this species is considered as subject to confirmation.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039887A0FFF8FFF8FF22FE9AFB9E038D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Biscoito, Manuel;Ribeiro, Cláudia;Freitas, Mafalda	Biscoito, Manuel, Ribeiro, Cláudia, Freitas, Mafalda (2018): Annotated checklist of the fishes of the archipelago of Madeira (NE Atlantic): I-Chondrichthyes. Zootaxa 4429 (3): 459-494, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4429.3.2
039887A0FFF9FFF9FF22FA4CFD890693.text	039887A0FFF9FFF9FF22FA4CFD890693.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gymnuridae Fowler 1934	<div><p>Family Gymnuridae</p><p>▲ Gymnura hirundo (Lowe, 1843) —Raia-borboleta; Madeira butterfly ray</p><p>Lowe 1843: 94 | Günther 1870: 487 | Noronha &amp; Sarmento 1934: 124 and 143 | Fowler 1936: 133 | Noronha &amp; Sarmento 1948: 122 | Maul 1948: 140 | Albuquerque 1954 –56: 175 (as Pteroplatea hirundo)</p><p>Nunes 1953: 199 (as Pteroplates hirundo sic)</p><p>Krefft &amp; Stehmann 1973b: 73 | Wirtz et al. 2008: 5 | Carneiro et al. 2014: 16.</p><p>Distribution in Macaronesia. possibly Madeira archipelago.</p><p>Madeira Material: Madeira is the type locality, but the holotype is unknown. Several specimens in BMNH labelled as G. hirundo from Japan and China were all observed by us (MB) and not confirmed as belonging to the present species. Two specimens in MMF collection previously identified by G. E. Maul as G. hirundo, were reidentified by the authors as G. altavela . Several authors questioned the validity of this species (Compagno 1999; Wirtz et al. 2008; Eschmeyer et al. 2017; Yokota et al. 2016) and with further studies it may well be considered as a synonym of G. altavela . Since no specimens of this species have been found in museum collections, we opt to place it as in need of confirmation.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039887A0FFF9FFF9FF22FA4CFD890693	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Biscoito, Manuel;Ribeiro, Cláudia;Freitas, Mafalda	Biscoito, Manuel, Ribeiro, Cláudia, Freitas, Mafalda (2018): Annotated checklist of the fishes of the archipelago of Madeira (NE Atlantic): I-Chondrichthyes. Zootaxa 4429 (3): 459-494, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4429.3.2
039887A0FFF9FFF9FF22FF56FD570479.text	039887A0FFF9FFF9FF22FF56FD570479.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rajidae	<div><p>Family Rajidae</p><p>Dipturus batis (Linnaeus, 1758) —No common name in Madeira; Blue skate</p><p>Nobre 1935: 475 | Albuquerque 1954 –56: 168 (as Raia batis)</p><p>Fowler 1936: 111 | Noronha &amp; Sarmento 1948: 121 | Maul 1948: 140 | Nunes 1953: 198 (as Raja macrorynchus)</p><p>Stehmann 1973: 62 | Stehmann &amp; Bürkel 1984a: 175 | Sanches 1986: 106 (as Raja (Dipturus) batis</p><p>Lloris et al 1991: 236 (as Raja batis)</p><p>Ebert &amp; Stehmann 2013: 317–321 (as Dipturus sp. cf. flossada)</p><p>Carneiro et al. 2014: 15.</p><p>Distribution in Macaronesia. possibly Madeira archipelago, Azores (Porteiro et al. 2010) and Canary Islands (Brito et al. 2002; Brito Hernández &amp; Sancho Rafel 2003).</p><p>Remarks. Iglésias et al. (2010) have demonstrated that Dipturus batis (Linnaeus, 1758) is a composite species and provisionally split it into Dipturus sp. cf. flossada and Dipturus sp. cf. intermedia . Last et al. (2016b) retained D. batis and considered Dipturus sp. cf. flossada (Risso, 1826) as a junior synonym. Older records from Madeira refer this species as Raja macrorynchus Rafinesque, 1810 (Fowler 1936; Noronha &amp; Sarmento 1948; Maul, 1948; Nunes 1953). This species is here considered as a junior synonym of D. batis (see remarks on next section).</p><p>Ebert &amp; Stehmann (2013) and Last et al. (2016b) note that both species ( D. batis and D. intermedius) appear to live sympatrically in most of their distribution area, although not occurring with the same abundance, therefore we have opted to place D. batis as a doubtful record, until specimens from Madeira come to hand.</p><p>Raja miraletus Linnaeus, 1758 —No common name in Madeira; Brown ray</p><p>Garman 1913: 323 | Fowler 1936: 116 | Maul 1948: 140 (as Raia quadrimaculata)</p><p>Albuquerque 1954 –56: 153 | Stehmann 1973: 58 | Stehmann &amp; Bürkel 1984a: 187 | Sanches 1986: 98 | Lloris et al 1991: 236 | Wirtz et al. 2008: 4 | Ebert &amp; Stehmann 2013: 370 | Carneiro et al. 2014: 15</p><p>Distribution in Macaronesia. possibly Madeira archipelago, Canary Islands (Brito et al. 2002 as dubious record) and Cape Verde (Reiner 1996, 2005).</p><p>Remarks. Garman (1913) refers the presence in Madeira of R. quadrimaculata Risso, 1827, now considered a junior synonym of R. miraletus (Eschmeyer et al. 2017), based on Günther’s (1870: 462) Raja circularis, who in turn gives Madeira based on a specimen (BMNH 1860.8.30.3) sent by R. T. Lowe. As pointed out above, Lowe’s specimen was observed by one of us (MB) who concluded that in fact it belongs to Leucoraja circularis . Since no specimens or other material could be found in natural history museum collections, the presence of this species in Madeira is considered as in need of confirmation.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039887A0FFF9FFF9FF22FF56FD570479	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Biscoito, Manuel;Ribeiro, Cláudia;Freitas, Mafalda	Biscoito, Manuel, Ribeiro, Cláudia, Freitas, Mafalda (2018): Annotated checklist of the fishes of the archipelago of Madeira (NE Atlantic): I-Chondrichthyes. Zootaxa 4429 (3): 459-494, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4429.3.2
039887A0FFFEFFFEFF22FD80FE4E02EC.text	039887A0FFFEFFFEFF22FD80FE4E02EC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chimaeridae	<div><p>Family Chimaeridae</p><p>Chimaera monstrosa Linnaeus, 1758 —Quimera; Rabbit-fish</p><p>Maul 1948: 140 | Albuquerque 1954 –56: 189 | Stehmann &amp; Bürkel 1984c: 213 | Sanches 1986: 127 | Lloris et al. 1991: 224 | Carneiro et al. 2014: 16.</p><p>Distribution in Macaronesia. Madeira, Azores (Santos et al. 1997; Arruda 1997; Porteiro et al. 2010; Carneiro et al. 2014) and the Canary Islands (López Abellán et al. 1994; Brito et al. 2002; Brito Hernández &amp; Sancho Rafel 2003).</p><p>Remarks. According to Freitas et al. (2017), the presence of this species in the waters of the archipelago of Madeira needs confirmation.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039887A0FFFEFFFEFF22FD80FE4E02EC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Biscoito, Manuel;Ribeiro, Cláudia;Freitas, Mafalda	Biscoito, Manuel, Ribeiro, Cláudia, Freitas, Mafalda (2018): Annotated checklist of the fishes of the archipelago of Madeira (NE Atlantic): I-Chondrichthyes. Zootaxa 4429 (3): 459-494, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4429.3.2
039887A0FFFEFFFEFF22FF72FC1E033D.text	039887A0FFFEFFFEFF22FF72FC1E033D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mobulidae Gill 1893	<div><p>Family Mobulidae</p><p>Mobula tarapacana (Philippi, 1892) —Manta-cornuda; Chilean devil ray</p><p>Carneiro et al. 2014: 16.</p><p>Distribution in Macaronesia. possibly Madeira archipelago, Azores (Porteiro et al. 2010), Canary Islands (Brito et al. 2002; Brito Hernández &amp; Sancho Rafel 2003) and Cape Verde (Reiner 2005; Wirtz et al. 2013; Hanel &amp; John 2014).</p><p>Remarks. no specimens from Madeira could be located in natural history collections. Wirtz et al. (2008) mention that M. mobular sightings may eventually be M. tarapacana . A similar situation seems to occur in the Canary Islands (Brito et al. 2002). Until a solid proof of the occurrence of this species in Madeiran waters appears, we consider the presence of this species as in need of confirmation.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039887A0FFFEFFFEFF22FF72FC1E033D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Biscoito, Manuel;Ribeiro, Cláudia;Freitas, Mafalda	Biscoito, Manuel, Ribeiro, Cláudia, Freitas, Mafalda (2018): Annotated checklist of the fishes of the archipelago of Madeira (NE Atlantic): I-Chondrichthyes. Zootaxa 4429 (3): 459-494, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4429.3.2
039887A0FFFEFFFEFF22FB8AFD610609.text	039887A0FFFEFFFEFF22FB8AFD610609.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triakidae Gray 1851	<div><p>Family Triakidae</p><p>Mustelus canis (Mitchill, 1815) —No common name in Madeira; Dusky smooth-hound</p><p>Fowler 1936: 61 | Noronha &amp; Sarmento 1948: 97 | Maul 1948: 138 | Albuquerque 1954 –56: 106 and 107 | Nunes 1953: 82</p><p>Distribution in Macaronesia. recorded only from Madeira.</p><p>Remarks. Fowler’s (1936) reference to Madeira is based on Lowe (1838: 194) and Günther (1870: 385) who recorded Mustelus laevis, now considered as a synonym of M. mustelus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Compagno 1973; Eschmeyer et al. 2017). No specimens or other material from Madeira were found in natural history museum collections. According to Compagno (1984b), M. canis is restricted to the western Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico, therefore this species should be excluded from the list of Chondrichthyans of Madeira.</p><p>Mustelus punctulatus Risso, 1827 —No common name in Madeira; Black-spotted smooth-hound</p><p>Branstetter 1984b: 121 | Wirtz et al. 2008: 3</p><p>Distribution in Macaronesia. recorded only from Madeira.</p><p>Remarks. The origin of this record seems to be the map given by Branstetter (1984b). Wirtz et al. (2008) considered this a very doubtful record from Madeira. In the eastern Atlantic, this Mediterranean species seems to occur only in continental coasts, from Gibraltar to the Western Sahara (Compagno 1984b). Since no specimens or other material from Madeira were found in natural history museum collections, at this point, this species should be excluded from the list of chondrichthyans of Madeira.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039887A0FFFEFFFEFF22FB8AFD610609	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Biscoito, Manuel;Ribeiro, Cláudia;Freitas, Mafalda	Biscoito, Manuel, Ribeiro, Cláudia, Freitas, Mafalda (2018): Annotated checklist of the fishes of the archipelago of Madeira (NE Atlantic): I-Chondrichthyes. Zootaxa 4429 (3): 459-494, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4429.3.2
039887A0FFFEFFFFFF22F886FD6F006A.text	039887A0FFFEFFFFFF22F886FD6F006A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Echinorhinidae Gill 1862	<div><p>Family Echinorhinidae</p><p>Echinorhinus brucus (Bonnaterre 1788) —No common name in Madeira; Longnose spurdog</p><p>McEachran &amp; Branstetter 1984: 138 | Sanches 1986: 91.</p><p>Distribution in Macaronesia. All references to Macaronesia seem to be based on literature and apparently no specimens have been caught in the area or at least were not deposited in museum collections (Santos et al. 1997; Brito et al. 2002; Carneiro et al. 2014; Hanel &amp; John 2014).</p><p>Remarks. Since there are neither reliable references nor specimens in collection, this species should be excluded from the list of Chondrichthyans of Madeira.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039887A0FFFEFFFFFF22F886FD6F006A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Biscoito, Manuel;Ribeiro, Cláudia;Freitas, Mafalda	Biscoito, Manuel, Ribeiro, Cláudia, Freitas, Mafalda (2018): Annotated checklist of the fishes of the archipelago of Madeira (NE Atlantic): I-Chondrichthyes. Zootaxa 4429 (3): 459-494, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4429.3.2
039887A0FFFFFFFFFF22FB24FE4D07BC.text	039887A0FFFFFFFFFF22FB24FE4D07BC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rajidae	<div><p>Family Rajidae</p><p>Raja macrorynchus Rafinesque, 1810 — No common name</p><p>Günther 1870: 468 (as Raja macrorhynchus sic) (misidentification)</p><p>Fowler 1936: 111 | Noronha &amp; Sarmento 1948: 121 | Maul 1948: 140 | Nunes 1953: 198.</p><p>Distribution in Macaronesia. recorded only from Madeira.</p><p>Remarks. the specimen sent from Madeira by R. T. Lowe, to the Natural History Museum (BMNH 1860.8.30.7), on which Günther (1870) and subsequent authors based the occurrence of this species in Madeira (labeled as Raja macrorhynchus (sic)), was observed by the authors (MB) and identified as Dipturus intermedius . R. macrorynchus is considered a valid species by Eschmeyer et al. (2017), but other authors consider it as synonym of D. batis (e.g. Ebert &amp; Stehmann 2013). In all, since records in the literature are all based on Lowe’s specimen in BMNH, we opted to withdraw this species from the list of Chondrichtyans of Madeira, no matter it is a valid species or a junior synonym.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039887A0FFFFFFFFFF22FB24FE4D07BC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Biscoito, Manuel;Ribeiro, Cláudia;Freitas, Mafalda	Biscoito, Manuel, Ribeiro, Cláudia, Freitas, Mafalda (2018): Annotated checklist of the fishes of the archipelago of Madeira (NE Atlantic): I-Chondrichthyes. Zootaxa 4429 (3): 459-494, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4429.3.2
039887A0FFFFFFFFFF22FE7EFD6F0551.text	039887A0FFFFFFFFFF22FE7EFD6F0551.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Squalidae	<div><p>Family Squalidae</p><p>Squalus acanthias Linnaeus, 1758 —No common name in Madeira; Piked dogfish</p><p>Bowdich 1825: 74–75 (as Spinax acanthias)</p><p>Noronha &amp; Sarmento 1934: 135 (as Acanthias acanthias)</p><p>Belloc 1934: 140 | Fowler 1936: 69 | Albuquerque 1954 –56: 115 | Cadenat &amp; Blache 1981: 47–48 | McEachran &amp; Branstetter 1984: 146 | Sanches 1986: 78 | Lloris et al, 1991: 239 | Carneiro et al. 2014: 13.</p><p>Distribution in Macaronesia. Azores (Santos et al.1997; Arruda 1997) and Canary Islands (Brito et al. 2002; Brito Hernández &amp; Sancho Rafel 2003).</p><p>Remarks. Bowdich (1825) seems to be the original source of all subsequent references of this species to the archipelago of Madeira. In his account (pp.74–75) he says “Two dead sharks (the spinax acanthias and scymnus licha) lay on the beach;” (referring to the beach of Porto Santo). It is improbable that two fishes ( Squalus acanthias and Dalatias licha), occurring in such different habitats had been abandoned together by fisherman. The report of D. licha indicates that we are probably in the presence of a discard of the fishery for the black scabbard fish, where this species is sometimes caught as a by catch. On the other hand there are no records of a Squalus being caught the same way until now. Moreover, the name Spinax has been used in the past to identify members of the genus Etmopterus (Etmopteridae), which in the present case makes sense, as these species occur in the same habitat and are usually caught the same way as D. licha . Not having access to the specimens seen by Bowdich, one cannot confirm his identifications, but in view of the above and since no specimens or other material from Madeira were found in natural history museum collections in Funchal and elsewhere, we propose that this species should be excluded from the list of Chondrichthyans of Madeira.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039887A0FFFFFFFFFF22FE7EFD6F0551	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Biscoito, Manuel;Ribeiro, Cláudia;Freitas, Mafalda	Biscoito, Manuel, Ribeiro, Cláudia, Freitas, Mafalda (2018): Annotated checklist of the fishes of the archipelago of Madeira (NE Atlantic): I-Chondrichthyes. Zootaxa 4429 (3): 459-494, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4429.3.2
