taxonID	type	description	language	source
0398D435FFC3FFA713D5CDDDDB514140.taxon	description	In addition to subgenus Steneotarsonemus, Lindquist (1986) proposed three more subgenera viz. Mahunkacarus, Neosteneotarsonemus and Parasteneotarsonemus with unique defining characters within the genus Steneotarsonemus. The subgenus Mahunkacarus with five described species is clearly distinguishable from other species of Steneotarsonemus by vestigial bothridial setae sc 1 as an autapomorphic character. Neosteneotarsonemus with six described species share apomorphies such as prodorsal bothridial seta sc 1 slender or narrowly lanceolate in adult female and unguinal seta u’ ’ modified on leg II and III of adult and larva with complete bifurcation or expanded or hyaline. Parasteneotarsonemus with a single described species exhibits unique characters such as 3 pairs of prodorsal setae and knob like tarsal claw on leg IV of males and femur II with 2 setae in larvae and adults which might be considered as autapomorphies but requires the support by a greater number of species. The subgenus Carextarsonemus originally erected by Mitrofanov and Sharonov (1988) and also considered by Seeman et al. (2016) share a unique autapomorphy, apodemes 3 with anterior projection near medial extremity. In this context, the defining characters of subgenus Steneotarsonemoides are very unstable and often overlapping with the characters of subgenus Steneotarsonemus as discussed earlier. We have retained the subgeneric status of Steneotarsonemoides in this paper due to our inability (also unavailability) to check the type specimens and included the new species under the same subgenus as all the defining characters presented in earlier publications regarding Steneotarsonemoides are matching with this species but readers are advised not to consider the subgenus as sensu stricto. Additionally, we propose for a thorough revision and phylogenetic analysis of the genus Steneotarsonemus (with molecular approaches, if required) with utmost urgency to solve such dilemma and paradoxical taxonomic status.	en	Ganguly, Moumi, Mondal, Priyankar, Karmakar, Krishna (2021): Taxonomic notes on subgenus Steneotarsonemoides (Acari: Tarsonemidae) with description of a new species of Steneotarsonemus from Tiger grass in the northern hill zone of West Bengal, India. Zootaxa 5023 (3): 405-420, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5023.3.5
0398D435FFC0FFA813D5CCDFDF124164.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis ADULT FEMALE (Figs. 2 – 3; 4 – 7; 19 – 22; 9 specimens measured) Gnathosoma. subcircular, almost equal in length 35 (31 – 35) and width 38 (36 – 39); dorsal apodemes inconspicous. Setae dgs 13 (11 – 14), barbed; setae vgs 7 (4 – 7), smooth; seta pp indiscernible. Basal portion of stylets bulged. Pharynx fusiform, 11 (9 – 12) long and 7 (5 – 8) wide, nearly one fifth of the width of gnathosoma. Idiosoma. Elliptical, 288 (280 – 291) long, 156 (152 – 160) wide at level of c 1. Prodorsal shield with longitudinal ridge like patterns extending up to base of setae sc 2, anterior margin of dorsal shield slightly covers base of gnathosoma with flat flange-like extension; posterior margin concave medially. Lengths of dorsal setae: v 1 25 (21 – 25), sc 1 17 (14 – 18), sc 2 71 (69 – 73), c 1 19 (18 – 20), c 2 19 (17 – 20), d 10 (8 – 11), e 8 (7 – 9), f 6 (5 – 6), h 15 (14 – 16). All setae smooth and slender, except sc 2 serrate at anterior two third, v 1 and h, sparsely barbed. Bothridial seta sc 1 capitate and spiculate. Seta sc 2 placed in anterior half of prodorsal shield. Distances between dorsal setae: v 1 – v 1 29 (27 – 31), sc 2 – sc 2 46 (43 – 47), v 1 – sc 2 29 (28 – 32), c 1 – c 1 46 (43 – 48), c 2 – c 2 100 (97 – 102), c 1 – c 2 27 (23 – 29), d – d 52 (49 – 54), f – f 19 (17 – 20), e – f 29 (26 – 30), h – h 38 (34 – 39). Stigmata slightly anterior to seta v 1; tracheal trunks with small post stigmatal atrium overlapped by base of setae v 1. Dorsal shield C, D, EF and H ornamented with longitudinal ridge like patterns of variable length. Coxisternal setae 1 a 4 (4 – 5), inserted above apodemes 1 near junction with prosternal apodeme; 2 a 7 (5 – 8), proximal to apodemes 2 at level of junction with prosternal apodeme; 3 a 50 (46 – 51), near proximal end of apodemes 3; 3 b 7 (6 – 9), near distal end of apodemes 4. Setae 1 b and 2 b vestigial, only pits visible. Apodemes 1 conspicuous, converging posteriorly to fuse with prosternal apodeme; Apodemes 2 diffused proximally and weakly join prosternal apodeme; The latter conspicuous from point of fusion with apodemes 1, diffused in middle where it would meet apodemes 2, continuing conspicuously for a shorter distance and again diffused posteriorly; sejugal apodeme vestigial, visible as bifurcated remnants on either side. Apodemes 3 conspicuous, extending diagonally from anterior ends of trochanters III, curved proximally with balloon like diffused extensions immediately posterior to bases of setae 3 a; apodemes 4 conspicuous for most of its length, extended diagonally slightly beyond bases of setae 3 b with proximal end diffusedly erect and ‘ Y’ shaped. Poststernal apodemes absent. Aggenital and lateral plates perpendicularly striate along margin. Tegula 11 (9 – 12) long and 28 (27 – 30) wide; posterior margin rounded. Seta ps slightly barbed, 11 (9 – 11) long 13 (11 – 13) apart. Legs. Lengths (femur to tarsus): leg I 52 (49 – 53), leg II 48 (47 – 52), leg III 47 (45 – 57), leg IV 50 (48 – 53). Number of setae (solenidia in parentheses) on femur, genu, tibia and tarsus, respectively: leg I: 4 - 4 - 6 (2) - 7 (1), leg II: 2 - 3 - 4 - 6 (1), leg III: 1 + 3 - 4 - 5. Tarsal solenidion of tibiotarsus I ω 5 (4 – 7), stout and club-shaped. Sensory cluster of tibia I complete; solenidion φ 1 4 (2 - 4), clavate; solenidion φ 2 3 (1 - 3), capitate; famulus k 3 (2 – 3) inserted near base of φ 2. Seta d of tibia I 23 (21 – 24), smooth. Solenidion ω of tarsus II 4 (3 – 5), stout and rod-shaped; seta pl’ ’ 2 (2 – 4). Seta d of tibia II 17 (15 – 19), smooth. Seta u’ of leg III 2 (1 – 2) bifid anteriorly. Length of femorogenu IV 40 (35 – 41); tibiotarsus IV 10 (10 - 14). Length of setae of leg IV: v’F 10 (7 – 10), v’G 15 (13 – 16), v’Ti 27 (23 – 29) and tc’ ’ 60 (57 – 65); all setae smooth. ADULT MALE (Figs. 8 – 9; 10 – 13; 23 – 26; 7 specimens measured) Gnathosoma. Subcircular, length 33 (32 – 35), maximum width 36 (34 – 38); dorsal apodemes conspicuous. Setae dgs 13 (11 – 14), sparsely barbed; setae vgs 7 (6 – 8), smooth, seta pp indiscernible. Basal portion of stylet bulged. Palpus similar to female. Pharynx fusiform, 8 (7 – 10) long and 7 (4 – 7) wide, nearly one fifth the width of gnathosoma. Idiosoma. Length 212 (205 – 221), maximum width 119 (113 – 120). Prodorsal shield trapezoidal, smooth. Length of dorsal setae: v 1 21 (19 – 22), v 2 26 (23 – 27), sc 1 67 (63 – 67), sc 2 34 (31 – 35), c 1 16 (15 – 18), c 2 28 (25 – 28), d 22 (21 – 23), f 16 (14 – 16). Setae h 1 and h 2 not observed. All setae setiform and smooth except sc 1 serrate at anterior two third. Distances between dorsal setae: v 1 – v 1 19 (15 – 20), v 2 – v 2 22 (20 – 25), sc 1 – sc 1 33 (29 – 34), sc 2 – sc 2 52 (48 – 56), v 1 – v 2 14 (11 – 14), v 2 – sc 1 17 (16 – 21), sc 1 – sc 2 24 (21 – 25), c 2 – c 2 107 (102 – 109), c 1 – c 1 67 (65 – 71), c 1 – c 2 40 (37 – 41), d – d 34 (32 – 35), f – f 24 (21 – 26). Seta c 1 equidistant from d and c 2, posteromediad to latter. FIGURES 31 A – 35 B. Comparative characters. (31 A – 35 A) Steneotarsonemus konoi vs (31 B – 35 B) Steneotarsonemus (Steneotarsonemoides) amlisoae n. sp. 31 A. Ventral anterior part, 32 A. Ventral remnants of sejugal apodems, 33 A. Ventral apodems (male), 34 A. Position of VG in legIV (male), 35 A. Ventral gnathosoma, 31 B. Ventral anterior part, 32 B. Ventral remnants of sejugal apodems, 33 B. Ventral apodems (male), 34 B. Position of v’G in leg IV (male), 35 B. Ventral gnathosoma. Coxisternal seta 1 a 5 (5 – 7), proximal to apodemes 1 at level of junction with prosternal apodeme; seta 2 a 7 (6 – 8) nearly mediad coxisternal plate II at level of junction between apodemes 2 and prosternal apodeme; seta 3 a 42 (38 – 44) proximal to apodemes 3; seta 3 b 7 (7 – 9) nearly mediad apodemes 4. Setae 1 b and 2 b vestigial, only pits visible. Apodemes 1 conspicous, converging posteriorly to fuse with prosternal apodeme; apodemes 2 conspicous, proximally curved but clearly separated from prosternal apodeme; The latter conspicuous from point of fusion with apodemes 1, split from level of posterior margin of coxisternal plates I, fused with sejugal apodeme at either side. Apodemes 3 and apodemes 4 well developed; Apodemes 3 connected with apodemes 4 with small diffused transversal lines; apodemes 4 diffused and curved proximally but not join with poststernal apodeme; the latter diffused anteriorly and split posteriorly from level of anterior margin of trochanters IV. All ventral plates ornamented with large cell like patterns. Legs. Length (femur to tarsus): leg I 65 (63 – 68), leg II 64 (60 – 65), leg III 73 (68 – 75), leg IV 58 (51 – 61). Number of setae (solenidia in parentheses) on femur, genu, tibia and tarsus: leg I: 4 - 4 - 6 (2) - 9 (1), leg II: 2 - 3 - 4 - 6 (1), leg III: 1 - 3 - 4 - 4, leg IV: 1 - 1 + 2 - 1 (1) + 3. Solenidion ω of tarsus I 3 (2 – 4), stout and capitate. Sensory cluster of tibia I complete, solenidion φ 1 2 (2 – 3), club shaped; solenidion φ 2 2 (1 – 2), rod like; famulus k 2 (1 - 2), setaceous and inserted at level of φ 1 and φ 2. Seta d of tibia I 15 (12 – 16), smooth. Solenidion ω of tarsus II proximal, 4 (3 – 5), stout and capitate. Seta pl’ ’ 2 long, spine like near base of solenidion. Seta d of tibia II 20 (17 – 21), smooth. Leg IV robust. Seta v’ 6 (3 – 6), smooth. Femorogenu IV 44 (39 – 45) long and 19 (18 – 22) wide at level of v’F, with a well-developed fan shaped flange between bases of setae v’F and v’G. Seta v’F 7 (5 – 8), v’G 12 (8 – 12) and l’ ’ G 18 (15 – 20), all smooth. Tibia IV with solenidion φ 7 (5 – 7), bacilliform; seta v’Ti 17 (15 – 20), smooth. Tarsus IV bearing 3 smooth setae of following lengths: tc ” 6 (3 – 7), pv ” 5 (4 – 5) and u’ 4 (2 – 4). Claw well developed with a pointed tip. LARVA (Figs. 14 – 15; 16 – 18; 27 – 30; 6 specimens measured) Gnathosoma. Slightly wider than long, length 28 (25 – 31), width 36 (33 – 37). Basal portion of stylet is slightly bulged. Pharynx length 9 (8 – 10), width 4 (3 – 5). Setae dgs 8 (7 – 10), barbed, and vgs 4 (3 – 6), smooth. Idiosoma. Length 324 (323 - 335), width 140 (138 - 145). Prodorsal shield with irregular striations. Setae v 1 10 (7 - 11), sc 1 17 (14 – 18), sc 2 40 (39 – 44) and v 2 vestigial. Distance between setae v 1 – v 1 12 (9 – 12), v 2 – v 2 29 (27 – 30), sc 1 – sc 1 50 (46 – 51), sc 2 – sc 2 38 (36 – 40), v 1 – sc 2 43 (42 – 47). Shields C, D with irregular striations; shield EF, HP smooth. Setae c 1 10 (8 – 11), c 2 21 (19 – 23), d 14 (12 – 16), e 17 (16 – 19), f 14 (13 – 15), h 1 19 (17 – 20), h 2 21 (19 – 22), ps 1 5 (4 – 5), ps 2 2; d, e, f, h 1 and h 2 coarse. Distance between setae c 1 – c 1 55 (52 – 56), c 2 – c 2 100 (95 – 100), c 1 – c 2 38 (36 – 39), d – d 31 (28 – 32), e – e 38 (36 – 39), f – f 17 (14 – 18), h 2 – h 2 23 (22 – 25). Coxisternal setae small, 1 a 4 (2 – 4), 2 a 3 (3 – 5), 3 a 32 (30 – 35), 3 b 6 (4 – 7); 1 b and 2 b vestigial. Distance between setae 1 a – 1 a 17 (15 – 19), 2 a – 2 a 30 (27 – 31), 3 a – 3 a 39 (34 – 39), 3 b – 3 b 52 (48 – 53). Longitudinal striae present between coxisternites III. Legs. Leg lengths (femoral base to tarsal tip): I 48 (45 – 50), II 39 (33 – 40), III 45 (43 – 49). Leg I with rudimentary claws; legs II – III with small claws. Number of setae (solenidia in parentheses) on femur, genu, tibia and tarsus on leg I – III (femur to tarsus): 4 - 4 - 6 (1) - 6 (1), 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 (1), 1 - 3 - 4 - 4. Solenidion ω of tarsus I 5 (3 – 5), club shaped. Sensory cluster in tibia I incomplete, solenidion φ 1 5 (3 – 5) long and famulus k 3 (2 – 3) long. Solenidion ω of tarsus II 3 (2 – 4), stout, capitate. Seta d of tibia II 16 (13 – 17), smooth. Type material: holotype female (Acarol. lab / BCKV / 30001 / 2020) (deposited in the NZC, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata); 5 paratype female and 3 paratype males (Acarol. lab / BCKV / 30002 - 07 / 2020) collected from Thysanolaena latifolia (Poaceae) from Sevoke (26 ° 52 ’ 43 ” N, 88 ° 28 ’ 29 ” E; 100 m MSL), Darjeeling district, state of West Bengal, India 12 / XI / 2020, M. Ganguly; 7 paratype female and 4 paratype male (Acarol. lab / BCKV / 30008 - 14 / 2020) collected from Kolakham (27 ° 06 ’ 07 ” N, 88 ° 40 ’ 46 ” E; 1720 m MSL), Kalimpong district, state of West Bengal, India 12 / XI / 2020, P. Mondal & K. Karmakar. Etymology. The species name amlisoae refers to the local name of the host plant Thysanolaena latifolia in Nepali language.	en	Ganguly, Moumi, Mondal, Priyankar, Karmakar, Krishna (2021): Taxonomic notes on subgenus Steneotarsonemoides (Acari: Tarsonemidae) with description of a new species of Steneotarsonemus from Tiger grass in the northern hill zone of West Bengal, India. Zootaxa 5023 (3): 405-420, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5023.3.5
