identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
4E654A4DB61150E3AC20DE5B25F410DF.text	4E654A4DB61150E3AC20DE5B25F410DF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Marphysa sanguinea (Montagu 1813) Montagu 1813	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Marphysa sanguinea (Montagu, 1813) Figs 1, 2, 3 </p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>MNHN-IA-TYPE 1856, one complete specimen, Mount Edgcumbe, Plymouth Sound, Cornwall, UK (50°20'59"N, 4°09'52"W), intertidal in soft rocks, 04 November 2017. MNRJP002048, one complete specimen, Mount Edgcumbe, Plymouth Sound, Cornwall (UK) (50°20'59"N, 4°09'52"W), intertidal in soft rocks, 04 November 2017. AM W.51410, one complete specimen, Mount Edgcumbe, Plymouth Sound, Cornwall (UK) (50°20'59"N, 4°09'52"W), intertidal in soft rocks, 04 November 2017. MNHN-IA-TYPE 1857, one complete specimen, Pyla, Arcachon Bay, France (44°33'57"N, 1°14'16"W), subtidal in turf slab (8m depth), 29 October 2017. AM W. 49085, one complete specimen, Logonna-Daoulas, Bay of Brest, France (48°19'37"N, 4°19'27"W), intertidal in soft rocks, 18 October 2016. AM W.49086, Logonna-Daoulas, Bay of Brest, France (48°19'37"N, 4°19'27"W), intertidal in soft rocks, 18 October 2016, several parapodia mounted for SEM. AM W. 27392, one complete specimen, Devon, Plymouth, Mount Edgcumbe (50°21'10"N, 4°09'30"W), intertidal from burrows in rock crevices, 25 October 1999.</p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p> Body relatively long, with complete individuals ranging from 48.1 (ca. 138 chaetigers) to 163.1 mm (ca. 270 chaetigers) in length and from 3.7 to 6.6 mm in width (chaetiger 10 with parapodia), with same width throughout, slightly tapering  at anterior end and abruptly tapering at posterior end. Body cylindrical on anterior chaetigers, becoming dorsoventrally flattened. Prostomium slightly shorter than anterior ring of peristomium, as wide as peristomium, bilobed with buccal lips separated by deep ventral and dorsal notch with each lobe rounded (Fig. 1B, C). Anterior ring of peristomium longer than posterior ring (2 to 3 times) (Fig. 1B, C). Eyes present, positioned posteriorly between palps and lateral antennae (Fig. 1C). Prostomial appendages slightly wrinkled, arranged in arc on the posterior margin of the prostomium; median antenna longer than lateral antennae reaching first chaetiger (Fig. 1A), palps shortest appendages (Fig. 1A, C). MI more than three times as long as carrier and five times longer than closing system. MIII located ventroanterior to MII. Attachment lamella of MIII long and thin, placed at the middle of the plate. Left MIV with attachment lamella semicircular, thin, situated along anterior edge. Right MIV with attachment lamella semicircular, larger than left one, situated along anterior edge. Maxillary formula: I=1+1, II=3‒4+5, III=6-7+0, IV=4+5‒6, V=1+1 (Fig. 1D). </p>
            <p> First few parapodia smaller than subsequent ones but all similar in structure. Notopodial cirri elongate and triangular (Figs 1C, 2A), digitiform in last chaetigers (Fig. 2C); longer than chaetal lobe. Ventral cirri from chaetiger 1 to 4-5 conical to tapering,  with round wide tips, shorter than notopodial cirri (Fig. 2A); basally inflated from chaetiger 5-6, inflated base of round shape with round tip (Figs 1B, 2B); last chaetigers with triangular cirri (Fig. 2C). Pre-chaetal lobe inconspicuous; post-chaetal lobe from first chaetigers triangular swollen (Fig. 2A), longer than chaetal lobe, becoming inconspicuous from ca. chaetigers 15-20 (Figs 2B, C). Branchiae pectinate, from chaetiger 21 (from chaetiger 13 for small specimens) (Figs 1A, 2B), extending posteriorly by last 5-15 chaetigers; number of branchial filaments increasing from one in first chaetigers to maximum four in mid-body (Fig. 2B), posterior chaetigers with two filaments; filaments slightly annulated. </p>
            <p> Chaetae arranged in two bundles: supra-acicular and sub-acicular, separated by a row of aciculae. Aciculae dark, tapering, very protruding, 1-4 per parapodium in anterior chaetigers and 2-3 in mid and posterior chaetigers. Single subacicular bifid hook present from chaetiger 21-25 to nearly end of body, dark on base to middle  and translucent at the distal end (Figs 2D, 3D). Supra-acicular bundle with limbate and pectinate chaetae; sub-acicular with compound spiniger chaetae. Between 10 to 20 limbate chaetae, chaetae of different lengths with hirsute blades, similar to each other. Pectinate chaetae present from chaetiger 2-3 (with up to 28 pectinate chaetae within a single parapodia), restricted to supra-acicular fascicle. Pectinate chaetae of two types. In anterior parapodia, isodonts narrow (n &lt;10) with long internal teeth (with  ca . 14-15 tapering teeth) and two long outer winged teeth (nearly 2-3 times longer than inner teeth) (type 1) (Fig. 3A). Median and posterior parapodia with two types of pectinate chaetae (Fig. 2C): thin, isodonts narrow, with ca. 25 short teeth (type 1) (Fig. 3B, C); anodonts wide pectinate chaetae with long and thick teeth (n = 6-14) (type 2) (Fig. 3C); Type 2 less numerous (3-7) than type 1 (16-22). Compound spinigers with hirsute shafts and  “socket-like” articulations (Fig. 2A), present along whole body, with more than 30 spinigers within a parapodia. Compound falcigers absent. </p>
            <p>Pygidium with only one pair of relatively short pygidial cirri on ventral margin (approximately as long as last five chaetigers), anus slightly crenulated.</p>
            <p> Remarks . </p>
            <p> Specimens both from British and French coasts agree with the description of the neotype and with voucher AM W.27392 which was also compared in the neotype description by Hutchings and Karageorgopoulos (2003). Most morphological characteristics are within the variation range of those observed by Hutchings and Karageorgopoulos (2003). However, few differences can be noticed: (1) larger number of pectinate chaetae (up to 28, instead of 10-14) beginning from chaetiger 2-3 (instead of chaetiger 1-2), (2) presence of coarsely denticulate chaetae with less teeth (6-14 teeth instead of ca. 14). These variations are typical within a species in the  Marphysa genus. </p>
            <p>Molecular data.</p>
            <p>COI gene was successfully sequenced and published at NCBI GenBank for the tree specimens sampled in Cornwall near the locality type (Table 1). COI was also successfully sequenced for specimens sampled in Brest and in Arcachon (Table 1).</p>
            <p> First of all, molecular analysis distinguished  M. sanguinea from other species with sequences available in GenBank (Fig. 4). Analysis permitted the grouping of specimens of  M. sanguinea from Cornwall together with specimens from French Atlantic coast  ( Arcachon, Brest) but also from southern English Channel, Callot Island (Zanol et al. 2014) (Fig. 4). Intraspecific pairwise genetic distances for COI were zero among these specimens. This tree clearly emphasised the presence of different species among this  sanguinea complex. Especially, some specimens registered as  M. sanguinea did not belong even to the  Marphysa genus (EU352317 and EU352316). </p>
            <p> Finally, a comparison of sequences of COI of a specimen from the type locality (AM W.51410) with specimen used to sequence the complete mitochondrial genome of  M. sanguinea (accession number: KF733802, specimen from China) (Li et al. 2016) was performed. Unsurprisingly, these sequences were very different; the interspecific pairwise genetic distance was 18.5%. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4E654A4DB61150E3AC20DE5B25F410DF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Lavesque, Nicolas;Daffe, Guillemine;Grall, Jacques;Zanol, Joana;Benoit Gouillieux,;Hutchings, Pat	Lavesque, Nicolas, Daffe, Guillemine, Grall, Jacques, Zanol, Joana, Benoit Gouillieux,, Hutchings, Pat (2019): Guess who? On the importance of using appropriate name: case study of Marphysa sanguinea (Montagu, 1813). ZooKeys 859: 1-15, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.859.34117, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.859.34117
