identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03986277FFD0FF859EF14A9EFD166C60.text	03986277FFD0FF859EF14A9EFD166C60.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Platymantis gilliardi Zweifel 1960	<div><p>Systematics of Platymantis gilliardi Zweifel, 1960</p><p>Zweifel (1960) provided a thorough description of the holotype (AMNH 64253) from New Britain, and three paratypes (AMNH 23545–7) from the Admiralty Archipelago. He noted that paratypes differ from the holotype in several aspects of colour pattern, the most conspicuous being a dark loreal region in the paratypes that is lacking in the holotype. Re-examination of the type series has confirmed these differences although the dark loreal region of the three paratypes has faded somewhat over time in preservative. During field work in the Admiralty Archipelago during 2001 and 2002 a number of frogs resembling P. gilliardi were obtained. Based on differences in advertisement call structure and consistent morphological differences two species are identified within these samples. One species closely resembles the paratype series of P. gilliardi and consistently possesses a dark loreal region, indicating that the absence of this character in the holotype of P. gilliardi is not due to variation within that species. The other species has much longer legs than the holotype of P. gilliardi (TL/SV 0.54–0.60 vs 0.51). Molecular data indicate a sister-species relationship between the two Manus taxa and only distant relationships between these taxa and P. gilliardi from New Britain (R. Brown and S. Richards, unpubl. data).</p><p>Based on differences in morphology and advertisement call structure we here describe the populations of P. gilliardi -like frogs from the Admiralty Archipelago as two new species. Platymantis gilliardi is currently known only from the island of New Britain.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03986277FFD0FF859EF14A9EFD166C60	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Richards, Stephen J.;Mack, Andrew L.;Austin, Christopher C.	Richards, Stephen J., Mack, Andrew L., Austin, Christopher C. (2007): Two new species of Platymantis (Anura: Ceratobatrachidae) from the Admiralty Archipelago, Papua New Guinea. Zootaxa 1639: 41-55, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.179637
03986277FFD3FF829EF14E4CFCE96A96.text	03986277FFD3FF829EF14E4CFCE96A96.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Platymantis admiraltiensis	<div><p>Platymantis admiraltiensis sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 1 – 6)</p><p>Type material. Holotype: SAMA R62799, Adult male, Chachuau Camp near Tulu 1 Village, Manus Island, Papua New Guinea (2o01.089' S, 146o47.807' E; ~ 20 m a.s.l.) collected by S.J. Richards on 8 June 2002. Paratypes: UPNG 10049, SAMA R62800– 1 adult females, and UPNG 10050, SAMA R62802– 3 adult males, same location as holotype, collected by S.J. Richards on 7 June 2002; SAMA R62804– 5 adult males, Lorengau, Manus Island (2o01.870' S, 147o15.593'E; 5–10 m a.s.l.) collected by S.J. Richards on 4 June 2002; SAMA R62808– 10 adult males, Tulu 1 Village, Manus Island (1o57.530' S, 146o50.085'E; 5–10 m a.s.l.) collected by S.J. Richards on 5–6 June 2002; SAMA R62806, adult male, Tingau Village, 27 km south-west of Lorengau (02 o 05.76S, 147o 06.33E; 296 m a.s.l.) and SAMA R62807, adult female, Salami Village, Los Negros Island, Manus Province (02o 02.46S, 147 o 24.24E; 5 m a.s.l.) collected by C. Austin on 28 August 2001; SAMA R62812–3, adult females, and R62811, R62814– 6 adult males, Natnewai Camp, Manus Island (2o10.053'S, 147o15.09'E; 150 m a.s.l.) collected by A. Mack on 29 April 2001.</p><p>Diagnosis. A moderate sized Platymantis (males 32.7–38.4 mm, females 43.2–46.4 mm SVL) distinguished from congeners in the Papuan region by a combination of relatively long legs (TL/SVL 0.54–0.60), small terminal discs on toes, pronounced dorsal folds, no dark loreal stripe, a mottled pattern on the posterior of the thighs, and an advertisement call consisting of a long series of slowly repeated (0.4–1.9 notes/s) yapping notes.</p><p>Description of Holotype. Adult male with vocal slits. Head slightly longer than wide (HL/HW 1.04), canthus rostralis straight, gently rounded; loreal region oblique, slightly concave; nares closer to snout than eye, oriented postero-laterally; tympanum large (TYM/EYE 0.72), prominent, annulus abutting strong supratympanic fold dorsally; vomerine teeth in two large clumps at postero-medial edge of choanae; tongue oval, deeply bifid posteriorly. Skin finely granular dorsally with numerous longitudinal folds, most prominent folds forming four pairs of lyrate-shaped ridges on dorsum. First pair starts behind each eye, subsequent pairs becoming progressively shorter posteriorly. A short (1.8 mm) pair of folds between orbits; scattered low tubercles dorsally and laterally; most of throat and chest minutely roughened; anterior edge of throat, posterior of thighs and abdomen slightly granular; an elongate (1.6 mm) tubercle oriented postero-laterally at rear edge of tympanic membrane. Limbs moderately long (TL/SV 0.58); relative lengths of fingers 1&gt;3&gt;2&gt;4, subarticular tubercles prominent, fingers unwebbed; tips of digits slightly wider than penultimate phalanx, with weak circum-marginal grooves. Relative length of toes 4&gt;3&gt;5&gt;2&gt;1; subarticular tubercles prominent, one tubercle on right foot swollen, deformed; toes with trace of basal webbing; tips of digits expanded with prominent circum-marginal grooves; toe discs larger than finger discs (3FD/4TD 0.56).</p><p>Dorsally dark brown with broad, darker brown cross-bars on limbs and two small dark patches in loreal region, one anterior of eye and other posterior of naris. Supratympanic fold with narrow dark line along ventral edge. Laterally paler than dorsum, with pigmentation forming irregular and diffuse brown patches. Upper and lower lips with brown bars, tympanic membrane mottled with dark and pale brown, interior edge of annulus with narrow ring of dark pigment. Snout anterior of midpoint between eyelids paler brown than rest of dorsum. Posterior of thighs mottled with dark and pale brown. Subarticular tubercles less intensely pigmented than palmar and plantar surfaces. Ventrally cream, with scattered and diffuse brown stippling around angle of jaws.</p><p>Measurements of the holotype: SV 36.7; TL 21.4; HW 15.2; HL 15.8; EN 4.3; IN 3.6; EYE 5.0; TYM 3.6; 4TD 1.6; 4TP 0.7; 3FD 0.9; 3FP 0.8; 1FD 0.9.</p><p>Variation. Variation in measurements and proportions of the paratypes are presented in Table 1. Males are 32.7–38.4 mm, females 43.2–46.4 mm SV. Dorsal colour pattern is highly variable. Ground colour is pale to dark brown; one specimen is grey. The dorsum may be unicolor or mottled (n = 12), there may be a narrow (0.2–2.0 mm wide, n = 3) or broad (n = 2) mid-vertebral stripe, and/or a pair of pale dorso-lateral stripes (n = 3). Subarticular tubercles on all specimens are conspicuously less pigmented than palmar and plantar surfaces, and pigmentation is nearly absent on tubercles of some paratypes. Pale markings on the posterior surfaces of the thighs form discrete spots or short irregular bars in all specimens. Iris pale brown, usually with narrow darker brown reticulations.</p><p>Advertisement call. The advertisement call is a very long (full sequences 21–44 sec) series of slowly repeated (~ 0.4–1.9 notes/s), yapping notes (Table 2; Figure 6). Each series starts slowly and irregularly, and note repetition rate increases in terminal sequences of the series. Notes have two discrete components, a finely pulsed introductory ‘segment’ (sensu Zweifel 1969) followed without pause by a longer unpulsed segment. Call characteristics are presented in Table 2. Some of the calls analysed did not comprise full sequences, which normally exceeded 20 sec in length but were difficult to record. A single call is illustrated and compared with P.latro sp. nov. and P. papuensis in Figure 6.</p><p>Comparisons with other species. The size, general habitus, small finger and toe discs, prominent dorsal folds, and advertisement call structure of P. admiraltiensis sp. nov. suggest affinities with the informal P. papuensis ‘complex’, a morphologically conservative group of predominantly terrestrial Platymantis . From P. bimaculatus, P. cheesmanae and P. wuenscheorum it differs in its much larger size (male SV to 38 mm vs &lt;32 mm), from P. punctatus in its vestigial (vs extensive) webbing between the toes and from P. batantae by its larger size (female SV 46.4 mm vs &lt;40 mm in batantae; Zweifel 1969), and by having a strongly mottled (vs not mottled) pattern on the posterior of the thighs. P. admiraltiensis is similar morphologically to P. adiastolus, P. c r y p t o t i s, P. papuensis, P. schmidti and P. w e b e r i. It differs from all of these species by the distinctly mottled posterior surfaces of the thighs, and by its advertisement call. The basic structure of individual notes is similar among these species, but note repetition rates at similar temperatures are dramatically different. The calls of P. adiastolus, P. cryptotis, P. papuensis, and P. s c h m i d t i have been analysed and described in detail previously (Zweifel 1969, Menzies 1982, Günther 1999, Brown et al. 2006). P. admiraltiensis has a call rate (0.4–1.9 notes/s, see Table 2) that is much slower than P. adiastolus (4.3 notes/s; Brown et al. 2006), P. cryptotis (~10 notes/s; Günther 1999), P. papuensis (~4.5 notes/s; Günther 1999), P. s c h m i d t i (12.8 notes/s; Brown et al. 2006) and P. w e b e r i (~8 notes/s; Richards unpublished data). The slow call rate of P. admiraltiensis is not attributable to low temperatures. Recordings of this species on Manus Island, an island close to the equator, were made at temperatures of 28o C, much higher than temperatures at which the other taxa were recorded (see references above).</p><p>2.9–3.6 3.7–4.4 3.4–4.1 4.7–5.7</p><p>P. admiraltiensis male P. admiraltiensis female P. l a t ro male P. l a t ro female n = 13 n = 6 n = 9 n = 6 0.125–0.147 0.12–0.15 0.13–0.16 0.118–0.133 Etymology. The specific name refers to the Admiralty Archipelago, which encompasses the known distribution of this species.</p><p>Distribution. Known only from Manus and Los Negros Islands, Manus Province, Papua New Guinea (Figure 7).</p><p>Natural history. Males called from exposed or semi-exposed positions in forest litter, or from the base of grass tussocks in disturbed garden habitats, after heavy rain. This species appeared to be at least as abundant in gardens around Tulu 1 Village where canopy cover was severely reduced, as they were in closed canopy forest at Chachuau Camp. Given the ability of this species to persist in heavily degraded habitats, and its wide distribution on Manus and Los Negros Island, we suggests that this species should be listed as ‘Least Concern’ using the criteria of the Global Amphibian Assessment.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03986277FFD3FF829EF14E4CFCE96A96	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Richards, Stephen J.;Mack, Andrew L.;Austin, Christopher C.	Richards, Stephen J., Mack, Andrew L., Austin, Christopher C. (2007): Two new species of Platymantis (Anura: Ceratobatrachidae) from the Admiralty Archipelago, Papua New Guinea. Zootaxa 1639: 41-55, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.179637
03986277FFD7FF8B9EF14AA8FE3B6C48.text	03986277FFD7FF8B9EF14AA8FE3B6C48.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Platymantis latro	<div><p>Platymantis latro sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 1 –6)</p><p>Holotype: SAMA R62819, Adult male, Chachuau Camp near Tulu 1 Village, Manus Island, Papua New Guinea, (2o01.089' S, 146o47.807' E; 20 m a.s.l.) collected by S.J. Richards on 8 June 2002.</p><p>Paratypes: UPNG 10051, SAMA R62820, adult females, same location as holotype, collected by S.J. Richards on 7 June 2002; SAMA R62824– 5 adult females, Tingau Village, 27 km south-west of Lorengau, Manus Island (02 o 05.76S, 147o 06.33E; 296 m a.s.l.), collected by C. Austin on 28 August 2001; SAMA R62826 adult female, Natnewai Camp, Manus Island (2o10.053'S, 147o15.09'E; 150 m a.s.l.) collected by A. Mack on 29 April 2001.; SAMA R62827, adult female, Penchal Village, Rambutyo Island, Manus Province (02o 19.70S, 147o 46.00E; 58 m a.s.l.), collected by C. Austin on 3 September 2001; SAMA R62828– 9 adult males, Salami Village, Los Negros Island, Manus Province (02o 02.46S, 147 o 24.24E; 5 m a.s.l.) collected by C. Austin on 28 August 2001; UPNG 10052–4, SAMA R62821–3, adult males, Lorengau, Manus Island (2o01.870' S, 147o15.593'E; 5–10 m a.s.l.), collected by S. Richards on 4 June 2002.</p><p>Diagnosis. A moderately large Platymantis (males 32.0– 38.3 mm, females 52.4–58.3 mm) distinguished from congeners in the Papuan region by a combination of very short legs (TL/SVL 0.46–0.50), small terminal discs on digits, reduced dorsal folds, a dark loreal stripe, and a biphasic advertisement call consisting of an introductory “rattle” followed by a single musical pulse.</p><p>Description of holotype. Adult male with vocal slits, calling when collected. Head longer than wide (HL/ HW 1.06), canthus rostralis straight, well defined; loreal region oblique, slightly concave; nares closer to snout than eye, oriented postero-laterally; snout rounded in lateral view, broadly rounded in dorsal view; tympanum moderately large (TYM/EYE 0.64), annulus low but distinct, obscured by curved supratympanic fold dorsally; vomerine teeth in two prominent clumps between and posterior to choanae; tongue oval, deeply bifid posteriorly. Snout minutely roughened; eyelids with numerous low tubercles and one large, rounded tubercle; skin finely granular dorsally and laterally; a series of low, longitudinal folds on dorsum, the most prominent being lyrate and starting behind each eye, converging towards the mid-dorsum at a point above the arms. A long dorso-lateral fold begins lateral to, and overlaps (by 4 mm), the prominent pair of dorsal folds, terminating above groin; additional short folds between orbits, on mid-dorsum, and laterally. Anterior one third of throat granular, remainder of throat and chest smooth, abdomen granular posteriorly. Limbs short (TL/SV 0.48); relative lengths of fingers 3&gt;2&gt;1&gt;4; subarticular tubercles prominent, fingers unwebbed; tips of digits slightly wider than penultimate phalanx, with shallow circum-marginal grooves. Relative length of toes 4&gt;3&gt;5&gt;2&gt;1; subarticular tubercles prominent, heavily pigmented; toes with trace of basal webbing; tips of digits expanded with deep circum-marginal grooves; toe discs larger than finger discs (3FD/4TD 0.73).</p><p>Dorsally brown, paler creamy brown laterally with scattered darker brown patches; a narrow, pale brown mid-vertebral line from snout to vent diverges above vent and continues along dorsal surface of thigh and tibia, and posterior edge of tarsus. A broad dark brown loreal stripe extends from tip of snout, through eye and tympanum, terminating at a point above arm insertion. Loreal stripe forms sharp boundary with dorsal snout colouration along canthus rostralis. Patches of dark brown pigment form bars on lower lip, bars across arms and fingers, and faint dark bands across thighs and tibiae. Hidden surfaces of legs heavily and unevenly pigmented with dark brown, anterior of thighs and knees with large brown patches. A triangular patch of dark brown pigment encloses vent. Additional dark brown patches enclose short sections of dorso-lateral folds, including those in inter-orbital space, on mid-dorsum, and laterally. Ventrally cream, with dense brown stippling on throat.</p><p>Measurements of the holotype: SV 38.3; TL 18.2 HW 15.5; HL 16.5; EN 4.1; IN 4.1; EYE 5.3; TYM 3.4; 4TD 1.1; 4TP 0.6; 3FD 0.8; 3FP 0.7; 1FD 0.75.</p><p>Variation. Variation in measurements and proportions of the paratypes are presented in Table 1. Males are 32.0– 38.3 mm, females 52.4–58.3 mm SV. Dorsal colouration is rather uniform, all frogs being a shade of pale to dark brown. In several paratypes the intensity of dorsal and lateral pigmentation is variable, producing a mottled pattern. The dark loreal stripe and extremely short limbs are consistent features of the paratype series. In some specimens the narrow dorsal folds are conspicuously paler than the background colour, but in others the dorsal colouration is uniform. Pale spots may be present along the upper and lower lips, and the intensity of pigmentation on the throat is variable. Two paratypes have the thin, pale mid-vertebral stripe exhibited by the holotype.</p><p>Advertisement call. The vocalization of P. latro sp. nov. is normally a single biphasic note lasting about 0.5 s and normally consisting of a series of 10–20 short, irregularly spaced pulses followed by one long, musical pulse. Inter-pulse interval of short pulses varies from 0.004– 0.071 s. ‘Short’ pulses last 0.0027– 0.023 s and ‘long’ pulses are 0.037– 0.115 s (Table 3). Energy in the short pulses is broadly distributed but energy in long pulses is concentrated in a narrow frequency band (Fig. 6). Notes are produced at approximately two-second intervals and are uttered singly or, occasionally, in couplets or triplets. The call structure of P. l a t ro is similar to that of other species of the Platymantis papuensis ‘group’ in the New Guinea region in that notes have an initial pulsed ‘segment’ followed by an unpulsed terminal ‘segment’ (e.g. Zweifel 1969). However the calls (= notes) differ dramatically from those of all morphologically similar species in the region ( P. adiastolus, P. admiraltiensis sp. nov., P. cryptotis, P. papuensis, P. s c h m i d t i and P. w e b e r i) in that they are presented individually rather than in series, and individual notes are more than twice the length of notes produced by these species (0.5 s vs &lt;0.2 s; Zweifel 1969, Menzies 1982, Günther 1999, Brown et al. 2006, Richards unpublished data). As a result the acoustic impression is of a harsh rattle followed by a musical ‘ping’, quite unlike the ‘yapping’ or ‘rattling’ sound produced by the other species. Advertisement call parameters are presented in Table 3 and a call is illustrated and compared with the call of P. admiraltiensis and P. papuensis in Figure 6.</p><p>FIGURE 6. Advertisement calls of A. Platymantis admiraltiensis sp. nov. holotype (SAMA R62799), B. P. papuensis (recorded on Biak Island, the type locality for this species), and C. P. l a t ro sp nov. holotype (SAMA R62819) recorded at air temperatures of 28, 25.2 and 27o C respectively.</p><p>Comparison with other species. The size, general habitus, small finger and toe discs, dorsal folds, and biphasic note structure of the advertisement call of P. latro sp. nov. suggest affinities with the informal P. papuensis ‘complex’. It differs from all other species in this group by its conspicuous dark loreal mask, extremely short legs (TL/SV = 0.5) and advertisement call structure (Table 3). Platymantis adiastolus, P. admiraltiensis sp. nov., P. c r y p t o t i s, P. papuensis, P. schmidti, and P. w e b e r i have advertisement calls consisting of a repetitive train of short notes consisting, in full sequences, of many notes (Zweifel 1969, Menzies 1982, Günther 1999, Brown et al. 2006) and having individual notes lasting less than 0.2 s. These calls contrast strikingly with the single-note calls of P. l a t ro sp. nov. that last for 0.5 s (see ‘Advertisement call’ above for a more detailed comparison of vocalisations). Two other Platymantis in the New Guinea region, P. boulengeri and P. rhipiphalcus, exhibit a conspicuously darkened loreal region. P. boulengeri is a much larger species (to ~ 70 mm) with a very broad head (HW/SV 0.44–0.49 vs 0.36–0.40 in P. l a t ro) and it and the smaller P. rhipiphalcus (females to 41.5 mm) can be distinguished from P. latro by having a fan-shaped series of dorsal skin folds (absent in P. latro).</p><p>Etymology: A noun in apposition from the Latin meaning ‘robber’, referring to the dark loreal face-mask of this species.</p><p>Distribution. Presently known from Manus, Los Negros, Rambutyo and Pak Islands in the Admiralty Archipelago, Papua New Guinea (Figure 7).</p><p>Natural history. Males called from exposed or semi-exposed positions in forest litter, or from the base of grass tussocks in disturbed garden habitats, at night after heavy rain. No frogs were observed calling from elevated sites. This species occurred in micro-sympatry with P. admiraltiensis sp. nov., and calling males of the two species were frequently spaced less than 50 cm apart. Like that species, P. l a t ro sp. nov. persists in large numbers in heavily degraded habitats, including grassy paddocks in the centre of Lorengau Town. Given its tolerance of habitat degradation and its wide distribution on Manus and surrounding islands we recommend that the conservation status of this species be listed as ‘Least Concern’ using the criteria of the Global Amphibian Assessment.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03986277FFD7FF8B9EF14AA8FE3B6C48	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Richards, Stephen J.;Mack, Andrew L.;Austin, Christopher C.	Richards, Stephen J., Mack, Andrew L., Austin, Christopher C. (2007): Two new species of Platymantis (Anura: Ceratobatrachidae) from the Admiralty Archipelago, Papua New Guinea. Zootaxa 1639: 41-55, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.179637
