identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03A6CC00FF86E86A6ACACC51FB679D49.text	03A6CC00FF86E86A6ACACC51FB679D49.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tachardiobius Timberlake 1926	<div><p>Tachardiobius Timberlake, 1926</p><p>(Figs 1–18)</p><p>Tachardiobius Timberlake 1926: 19 –22; De Santis 1964: 214 –215; Noyes 1980: 231. Type species: Tachardiobius nigricans Timberlake, by monotypy and original designation.</p><p>Diagnosis. FEMALE. Body length 0.83–1.70 mm. Body and appendages mostly brown to dark brown, with light brown or whitish areas or patches; body nonmetallic and mostly dull, at most mesonotum slightly shiny. Occipital margin almost sharp. Antennal scrobes as deep grooves meeting above and interantennal prominence usually narrow and sharp, but sometimes more broadly narrowing above; frontovertex with a deep, rounded incision in dorsal view. Antenna slender, not broadened; scape much longer than wide; pedicel subconical, longer than wide; funicle 6–segmented, with funicle segments usually more or less longer than wide but sometimes about as long as wide or wider than long; clava 3–segmented, with third claval segment rounded, nontruncate. Mandible with 2 teeth and a broad inner truncation; maxillary palpus 3– or 4– segmented, labial palpus 3–segmented. Wings not abbreviated; forewing with parastigma not broadened; marginal vein punctiform; stigmal vein rather long, notably wider distally than basally; postmarginal vein almost absent; marginal setae very short, disc hyaline or just slightly infuscate at apex of venation; linea calva almost entire, “closed” near posterior margin. Mesotibial spur rather short, not longer than mesobasitarsus. Hypopygium not reaching apex of gaster; ovipositor either not or just barely exserted beyond apex of gaster.</p><p>MALE. Body length 0.60–1.10 mm. Funicle segments longer than wide or wider than long, with setae not exceeding segments’ width. Antennal clava entire (Fig. 16) or 2–segmented (Fig. 6), sometimes the subdivision is indistinct or incomplete. Genitalia as in Figs 8 and 18. Otherwise similar to female.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A6CC00FF86E86A6ACACC51FB679D49	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Triapitsyn, Serguei V.	Triapitsyn, Serguei V. (2008): A review of Tachardiobius (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), with description of a new species from California, USA, a parasitoid of Tachardiella spp. (Hemiptera: Kerriidae). Zootaxa 1716: 44-52, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.274145
03A6CC00FF86E8696ACAC9EBFA309A6A.text	03A6CC00FF86E8696ACAC9EBFA309A6A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tachardiobius	<div><p>Key to species of Tachardiobius</p><p>1 Female (clava 3-segmented)......................................................................................................................2</p><p>- Male (clava entire or 2–segmented, sometimes the subdivision is indistinct or incomplete; not known for T. silvestrii De Santis)................................................................................................................................4</p><p>2(1) Meso- and metatibiae mostly whitish, with two submedial dark bands (best observed in lateral view, Fig. 3) ........................................................................................................................... T. nigricans Timberlake</p><p>- Meso- and metatibiae brown to dark brown, at most light brown basally and apically............................3</p><p>3(2) F3–F5 longer than wide (Fig. 9) ............................................................................... T. silvestrii De Santis</p><p>- F3–F5 wider than long (Fig. 12) ..................................................................................... T. vladimiri sp. n.</p><p>4(1) Funicle segments longer than wide (Fig. 6); meso- and metatibiae mostly whitish, with two submedial dark bands (best observed in lateral view, as in Fig. 3) ........................................ T. nigricans Timberlake</p><p>- Funicle segments wider than long (Fig. 16); meso- and metatibiae brown to dark brown, at most light brown basally and apically ............................................................................................. T. vladimiri sp. n.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A6CC00FF86E8696ACAC9EBFA309A6A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Triapitsyn, Serguei V.	Triapitsyn, Serguei V. (2008): A review of Tachardiobius (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), with description of a new species from California, USA, a parasitoid of Tachardiella spp. (Hemiptera: Kerriidae). Zootaxa 1716: 44-52, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.274145
03A6CC00FF85E86F6ACACE8BFCE09981.text	03A6CC00FF85E86F6ACACE8BFCE09981.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tachardiobius nigricans Timberlake 1926	<div><p>Tachardiobius nigricans Timberlake 1926</p><p>(Figs 1–8)</p><p>Tachardiobius nigricans Timberlake 1926: 22 –23 + plate 1 (figs 3 and 4) + plate 2 (figs 24 and 24a); Peck 1963: 468; De Santis 1964: 215; De Santis 1989: 41; Trjapitzin &amp; Ruíz-Cancino 1996: 22.</p><p>Type locality. Arlington, Maricopa Co., Arizona, USA.</p><p>Type material examined. Paratypes: 3 females, 1 male on points and 1 female on slide [UCRC], labeled: 1. “Reared from Tachardia larreae 5 Apr. 1919 ”; 2. “Arlington Ariz.”; 3. “Collected on Greasewood 23 Jan. 1919 ”; 4. “C. H. Gable Collector”; 5. “Reared by C. S. Menagh”; 6. “ Paratype ”.</p><p>Additional material examined. MEXICO. Baja California Sur, Las Barracas (ca. 30 km E of Santiago, 23°28’20’’N 109°27’10’’W, 50 m), 14.v.1982, P. DeBach (ex. lac scale on? Acacia sp.) [6 females, 6 males, UCRC]. USA. Arizona: Maricopa Co., Arlington: 23.i.1919, C.H. Gable (reared at Washington, District of Columbia, 29.i–5.iv.1919, C.S. Menagh, from Tachardiella larreae on greasewood) [8 females, 12 males, and 1 specimen of an undetermined sex, USNM]; 26.ii.1919, C.H. Gable (from Tachardiella larreae, “Tempe No. 335C”) [2 females, 1 male, USNM]. Pima Co., Tucson, 26.xii.1896 – vi.1897 (under No. 6251°, some on “Carteria”) [35 females, 23 males, and 9 specimens of an undetermined sex, USNM]. California, Riverside Co.: near Hemet, 11.iv.1937, C.M. Dammers (ex. Tachardiella sp. on Adenostoma sp.) [23 females, 8 males, UCRC; 1 male, EMEC; 1 female, USNM]. Pigeon Pass (near Moreno Valley and Riverside), i.1909, California State Insectary (ex. Tachardiella sp. on greasewood) [5 females, UCRC]. Thousand Palms Canyon, 2.iii.1961, W.H. Ewart, O.L. Brawner (ex. lac scale) [4 females, 1 male, UCRC]. Texas, Brewster Co., Big Bend Ranch State Park, 29°28’09’’N 103°46’07’’W, 3980’, 12.v.1990, G. Zolnerowich [1 female, TAMU].</p><p>Diagnosis. FEMALE. Body length 0.83–1.70 mm. Body mostly brown to dark brown, sometimes with a few lighter markings (particularly face often with a pattern of white or light brown markings but sometimes almost uniformly brown or dark brown); appendages mostly light brown to brown except meso- and metatibiae mostly whitish, with two submedial dark bands (best observed in lateral view, Fig. 3). Maxillary palpus 4– segmented. Antenna (Fig. 1) with scape 4.2–4.7 x as long as wide; F1–F3 each longer than wide, F4 and F5 usually a little longer than wide but sometimes about as long as wide, F6 about as long as wide; all funicle segments with longitudinal sensilla (although often not evident on F1); clava 1.7–2.3 x as long as wide.</p><p>Forewing (Fig. 5) 2.2–2.4 x as long as wide. Ovipositor not or barely exserted (Fig. 4), ovipositor length: metatibia length ratio 1.3–1.4:1.</p><p>MALE. Similar to female except as follows. Body length 0.60–1.10 mm. Face generally more uniformly colored than in female, sometimes with less patterned light markings. Vicinity of torulus without secretary pores. Antenna (Fig. 6) with scape about 3.7 x as long as wide; funicle segments longer than wide (F1 the longest) and all but F1 with longitudinal sensilla; clava 2.8–3.2 x as long as wide, entire or 2–segmented, sometimes the subdivision is indistinct or incomplete. Forewing (Fig. 7) about 2.4 x as long as wide. Genitalia (Fig. 8) with 2 or 3 conspicuous spines on each digitus.</p><p>Distribution. Mexico (Baja California Sur) and USA (Arizona, California, and Texas [new record]).</p><p>Hosts. Tachardiella larreae (Comstock) (Timberlake 1926), Tachardiella sp(p)., and unidentified Kerriidae .</p><p>Comments. The holotype female of T. nigricans is deposited in USNM (Timberlake 1926); most of the paratypes (including the allotype male) are also in USNM.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A6CC00FF85E86F6ACACE8BFCE09981	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Triapitsyn, Serguei V.	Triapitsyn, Serguei V. (2008): A review of Tachardiobius (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), with description of a new species from California, USA, a parasitoid of Tachardiella spp. (Hemiptera: Kerriidae). Zootaxa 1716: 44-52, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.274145
03A6CC00FF83E86F6ACACDB6FA269D1C.text	03A6CC00FF83E86F6ACACDB6FA269D1C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tachardiobius silvestrii De Santis 1954	<div><p>Tachardiobius silvestrii De Santis 1954</p><p>(Figs 9–11)</p><p>Tachardiobius silvestrii De Santis 1954: 188 –191 (first time mentioned as “ Silvestrii ”); De Santis 1964: 215 –218; De Santis 1967: 161; Noyes 1980: 231.</p><p>Type locality. Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina .</p><p>Type material examined. Holotype female on slide [MLPA], labeled: 1. “ Tachardiobius silvestrii Det. De Santis HOLOTIPO 1956/1 MUSEO DE LA PLATA ”; 2. “Puerto Madryn (Gob. Chubut) s/ Tachardiella argentina Col.: Torres – De Santis II/1951 Ψ. Also 2 paratype females on slides [MLPA, UCRC], with the same label data as holotype except for the different paratype numbers.</p><p>Diagnosis. FEMALE. Body length 1.25–1.35 mm. Body mostly dark brown, appendages light brown to brown (funicle uniformly brown, meso- and metatibiae mostly brown except light brown apically). Antenna (Fig. 9) with scape about 4.1 x as long as wide; F1–F5 each at least a little longer than wide, F6 about as long as wide; clava about 2.1 x as long as wide. Forewing (Fig. 11) about 2.3 x as long as wide, with disc almost hyaline. Ovipositor not exserted (Fig. 10), ovipositor length: metatibia length ratio about 1.2:1.</p><p>MALE. Unknown.</p><p>Distribution. Argentina (Chubut) .</p><p>Host.? Tachardiella argentina (Dominguez) (De Santis 1954) .</p><p>Comments. This species was described from a female holotype and three female paratypes, all with the same label data (De Santis 1954). The third paratype specimen is deposited in the USNM (De Santis 1964).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A6CC00FF83E86F6ACACDB6FA269D1C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Triapitsyn, Serguei V.	Triapitsyn, Serguei V. (2008): A review of Tachardiobius (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), with description of a new species from California, USA, a parasitoid of Tachardiella spp. (Hemiptera: Kerriidae). Zootaxa 1716: 44-52, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.274145
03A6CC00FF83E86C6ACAC931FC3799F1.text	03A6CC00FF83E86C6ACAC931FC3799F1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tachardiobius vladimiri S. Triapitsyn	<div><p>Tachardiobius vladimiri S. Triapitsyn, sp. n.</p><p>(Figs 12–18)</p><p>Type material. Holotype female on slide [UCRC]: USA, California, Riverside Co., near Hemet, 11.iv.1937, C.M. Dammers (ex. Tachardiella sp. on Adenostoma sp.). Paratypes: 4 females on points [2 in UCRC, 1 in USNM, 1 in ZISP], 1 female on slide [UCRC], and 2 males on slides [UCRC, USNM], with the same label data as holotype. 1 male on slide [UCRC]: USA, California, Riverside Co., Indio Hills, Curtis Palms, collected 18.iii.1927, reared (emerged) 6.iv.1927, H.J. Quayle (ex. Tachardiella larreae). Also 8 females and 5 males on points and 1 male on slide [USNM]: USA, Arizona, Maricopa Co., Tempe, 12.iii.1921 (except 1 female collected 12.iv.1921), E.V. Walter (under Nos. 4814 and 4815).</p><p>Diagnosis. The new taxon differs from the other two known species of Tachardiobius in having F3–F5 of the female antenna wider than long and F5 and F6 of the female antenna notably lighter than the preceding funicle segments. In both T. nigricans and T. silvestrii, F3–F5 of the female antenna are longer than wide and F5 and F6 of the female antenna are concolorous with the preceding funicle segments. It also has a 3–segmented maxillary palpus whereas T. nigricans has a 4–segmented maxillary palpus. Other distinguishing features between the three described species of Tachardiobius are indicated in the key. Tachardiobius vladimiri sp. n. could potentially be placed in the very large and diverse genus Metaphycus Mercet, as most of its funicle segments are wider than long, similar to that of Metaphycus species. However, unlike Metaphycus, the new species has very deep scrobal grooves and a well-developed interantennal prominence which, although not as narrow and sharp as in the two previously described species of Tachardiobius, is still notably narrowed dorsally (as a narrow triangle). Also, the scape of T. vladimiri is very similar to the non-dilated scape of T. nigricans and T. silvestrii and is nothing like the markedly dilated scape of the Metaphycus species. The male of T. vladimiri lacks the secretary pores in the vicinity of the torulus that are characteristic of the Metaphycus species. Additionally, if this species were placed in the presently unmanageable (in the Nearctic region) genus Metaphycus, it would be lost there and almost impossible to diagnose. In the future, the phylogenetic position of Tachardiobius needs to redefined based on rigorous molecular and morphological analyses (its relationships to Metaphycus and other genera are unclear), before the proper placement for T. vladimiri, and quite possibly for the other species of Tachardiobius, could be decided.</p><p>Description. F EMALE (holotype and paratypes). Length of dry specimens 0.86–1.00 mm (heads of all specimens badly collapsed); length of mesosoma and metasoma of the holotype 1.12 mm.</p><p>Color. Body and appendages mostly brown to dark brown, with the following parts light brown: face (partially), F5 and F6, mesopleura (partially), metanotum, propodeum (partially), trochanters, bases and apices of femora and tibiae (usually), and tarsi (distal tarsomere slightly darker). Vertex sometimes with a partially light brown or orange spot.</p><p>Sculpture and pubescence. Frontovertex, pronotum, axilla, mesoscutum, and scutellum with fine reticulate-cellulate sculpture; gastral sterna and first gastral tergum with cellulate sculpture. Mesosoma, axilla, and scutellum with short, dark setae.</p><p>Head (Fig. 13, badly collapsed in all specimens) about as high as wide. Vertex in frontal view about 1/3 head width. Antennal scrobes as deep grooves meeting above and interantennal prominence as a narrow triangle. Palpal formula 3: 3. Mandible with 2 teeth and an inner truncation.</p><p>Antenna (Fig. 12) inserted distinctly below level of lower eye margin. Scape with reticulate sculpture, about 3.8 x as long as wide. Pedicel lightly sculptured, about 2.3 x as long as wide, much longer than any funicle segment. F1 about as long as wide, F2–F6 notably wider than long; F2–F4 subequal, much smaller than following funicle segments; F6 a little wider and longer than F5. Clava 1.8–2.4 x as long as its greatest width and about as long as combined length of 4 preceding funicle segments.</p><p>Mesosoma (Fig. 14). Pronotum very short. Mesoscutum a little less than 2 x as wide as long. Scutellum about as long as wide and a little longer than mesoscutum.</p><p>Wings (Fig. 15) reaching far beyond apex of gaster. Forewing about 2.4 x as long as wide, with disc hyaline; costal cell about 11 x as long as wide. Hind wing about 4.9 x as long as wide, with disc hyaline.</p><p>Legs. Mesotibial spur a little shorter than mesobasitarsus.</p><p>Metasoma (Fig. 14). Ovipositor about 3/5 length of gaster, not exserted; ovipositor length: metatibia length ratio 1.0–1.1:1.</p><p>MALE. Similar to female except as follows. Body length 0.60–1.10 mm. Vicinity of torulus without secretary pores. Antenna (Fig. 16) with scape reticulate, about 3.7 x as long as wide; setae on flagellar segments rather short; funicle segments wider than long and all but F1 with longitudinal sensilla; clava entire, 2.8–3.2 x as long as wide. Forewing (Fig. 17) about 2.4 x as long as wide, with disc slightly infuscate at apex of venation. Genitalia (Fig. 18) with 2 inconspicuous spines on each digitus.</p><p>Etymology. The species is named after my father, Vladimir Alexandrovich Trjapitzin, who has studied Encyrtidae for more than 50 years, and from whom I learned about these wasps.</p><p>Hosts. Tachardiella larreae (Comstock) and Tachardiella sp.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A6CC00FF83E86C6ACAC931FC3799F1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Triapitsyn, Serguei V.	Triapitsyn, Serguei V. (2008): A review of Tachardiobius (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), with description of a new species from California, USA, a parasitoid of Tachardiella spp. (Hemiptera: Kerriidae). Zootaxa 1716: 44-52, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.274145
