identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03A6FD6CFF9BE83A55E33566FF76F8B4.text	03A6FD6CFF9BE83A55E33566FF76F8B4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lissoclinum polyorchis Monniot F. 1992	<div><p>Lissoclinum polyorchis Monniot F., 1992</p> <p>Figure 1</p> <p>Station: Kanacono DW 4740. The colony, in pieces, was a crust hardened by dense calcareous spicules. The surface is flat and pieced by star like oral apertures (Fig. 1A). The colony is made of two layers separated by a wide common cloacal channel. The zooids hang vertically inside the cavity only linked to the both hard sheets of the tunic by a thin tissue covering a part of the thorax and abdomen. All tissues contain brown cells. The oral siphon is short with six lobes. The atrial aperture is wide, without languet. The lateral thoracic organs were not seen. There are four rows of stigmata obscured by sand particles filling the thoracic cavity. The abdomen is folded under the thorax. The gut loop is simple with a large stomach. The male gonad is a rosette of five testis vesicles placed against and below the gut loop. The sperm duct is straight. The ovary is present by a single oocyte close to the testis. During maturation the embryo discard from the abdomen in a pouch of the body wall and the fully developed tadpole become independent in a thin capsule of tunic partly included in the basal layer of the colony. The tadpoles are 1mm in diameter with a tail coiled in a half turn. They have three adhesive papillae separated by four pairs of vesicles (Fig. 1B). The internal structure is obscured by abundant brown cells but an otolith is obvious.</p> <p>Lissoclinum polyorchis was already known from New Caledonia (Monniot F. 1992) but only off the barrier reef.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A6FD6CFF9BE83A55E33566FF76F8B4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Monniot, Francoise	Monniot, Francoise (2021): New records of deep-sea ascidians (Tunicata, Ascidiacea) from the New Caledonia region. Zootaxa 4996 (3): 443-468, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4996.3.2
03A6FD6CFF98E83855E3379BFA2AFED1.text	03A6FD6CFF98E83855E3379BFA2AFED1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aplidium discum Monniot 2021	<div><p>Aplidium discum sp. nov.</p> <p>Figure 2</p> <p>Station: Kanacono DW 4666 (Syntypes MNHN A1.APL.B 577). Three specimens.</p> <p>The three disc-shaped colonies are densely impregnated with sand (Fig. 2A, B). The largest, 35 mm in diameter, is 10 mm thick in the centre. The zooid arrangement is hardly visible, in double lines radiating from a central common narrow atrial aperture. The contracted zooids are short (Fig. 2C) with the thorax and abdomen each measuring 1.2 mm. The oral siphon has six lobes. An atrial languet triangular or with one to five apical teeth arise from the upper rim of a narrow atrial aperture. The branchial sac has ten rows of stigmata. The gut loop is short with a stomach with four longitudinal folds. A strong muscular ribbon extends along the entire length of the postabdomen on each side. The gonads are either male or female in the same colony the testis comprised of a few grouped vesicles; the ovary has only one oocyte. A tadpole incubated in the thorax fills the whole atrial cavity (Fig. 2C).</p> <p>This species is distinguished by the plate-like shape of the colonies, the small zooids with gonads reduced to a small volume in a short postabdomen. The genus Aplidium is uncommon in deep habitats of the Caledonian region.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A6FD6CFF98E83855E3379BFA2AFED1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Monniot, Francoise	Monniot, Francoise (2021): New records of deep-sea ascidians (Tunicata, Ascidiacea) from the New Caledonia region. Zootaxa 4996 (3): 443-468, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4996.3.2
03A6FD6CFF9EE83E55E337FBFD8EFED1.text	03A6FD6CFF9EE83E55E337FBFD8EFED1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Protoholozoa incrustans Monniot 2021	<div><p>Protoholozoa incrustans sp. nov.</p> <p>Figures 4, 5</p> <p>Station: Kanadeep 12-743-04. Two colonies (Syntypes MNHN A3. PRO 8 – slides A3. 1494-1498).</p> <p>Both colonies form soft transparent crusts on sponges or didemnids. The largest colony (Fig. 4) is 3 cm in extent and 1.5 mm in thickness. The glassy tunic contains sparse sand. The zooids do not show a particular design in their arrangement and their oral apertures could not be seen at the surface of the contracted colonies. The zooids are not perpendicular to the colony surface, the oral apertures being superficial but the atrial siphon is located deeper inside the colony thickness nevertheless no common atrial cavities obviously appear in the soft tunic. The thorax reaches 2.2 mm in maximum length and is followed without constriction by the abdomen 0.6 mm long (Fig. 5A–C). The oral siphon is short with 6 pointed lobes. The atrial siphon in posterior position is enlarged in an ampulla narrowed at its extremity with a dented rim (Fig. 5A, C). The body wall is thin and transparent; no muscles are present on the thorax except two long transverse fibres on each side at the base of the thorax which extend from the endostyle along the sides of the atrial siphon. Four to six short oral tentacles are present just below the oral rim. A prepharyngeal band encircles the base of the siphon. The pharynx contains 3 thick transverse branchial bars on each side attached ventrally to a long endostyle and which are dorsally linked to triangular rapheal papillae. The abdomen in continuity with the thorax contains a closed digestive loop. In less contracted zooids the stomach seems square-shaped with 4 low longitudinal crests. The hermaphrodite gonad forms a round mass inside and partly protruding out of the gut loop. No postabdominal process was detected. A single tadpole is often present inside the dilated atrial siphon (Fig. 5A, C). The larval body is 0.55 mm in diameter surrounded by a tail with one and a half turn (Fig. 5D, E). Three well spaced adhesive papillae are placed in a line between an arc of round vesicles on each side. An otolith is present.</p> <p>According to the larval structure and its mode of incubation this new species belongs to the genus Protoholozoa Kott, 1969 as redefined in Monniot &amp; Tatian (2020). Protoholozoa incrustans sp. nov. has common characters with Protoholozoa pigra Monniot F., 1974 collected from the Açores at 1000 m depth which possesses a flat encrusting colony and 3 transverse branchial bands. Protoholozoa incrustans differs from the Atlantic species by the thoracic musculature and the shape of the long inflated atrial siphon in which larvae are incubated. The larva of P. pigra and its incubation mode are unknown.</p> <p>Protoholozoa pedunculata Kott 1969 has a cone-like colony on a peduncle; its larva is incubated in the thorax and has 3 adhesive papillae in a line.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A6FD6CFF9EE83E55E337FBFD8EFED1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Monniot, Francoise	Monniot, Francoise (2021): New records of deep-sea ascidians (Tunicata, Ascidiacea) from the New Caledonia region. Zootaxa 4996 (3): 443-468, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4996.3.2
03A6FD6CFF9CE83D55E3379BFC08FCF5.text	03A6FD6CFF9CE83D55E3379BFC08FCF5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scotiazoa lilium (Monniot & Monniot 1982)	<div><p>Scotiazoa lilium (Monniot &amp; Monniot, 1982)</p> <p>Figure 6</p> <p>Stations: Kanadeep CP 5095; CP 5109. Nine specimens.</p> <p>Protoholozoa lilium Monniot C. &amp; Monniot F. 1982.</p> <p>All colonies are brittle, very soft with a triangular head above a long cylindrical peduncle (Fig. 6A). The diameter of the head (always damaged) is about 1cm, the longest peduncle is 6 cm with 2 mm in diameter. The zooids have their thorax and abdomen contained in the transparent tunic of the head the post abdominal vascular extensions extend into the peduncle. The thorax is in vertical position for most of the zooids with the atrial aperture at the top surface of the colony and the oral siphon near the peduncle. The thoraces are narrow 6 to 8 mm long (Fig. 6C). The body wall is thin with circular muscles at the base of the oral siphon and with 15 transverse muscles along the thorax. There are eight to ten oral tentacles. The branchial tissue includes three transverse bars on each side attached to the endostyle and a dorsal membrane. This organisation corresponds to that of specimens from New Caledonia described as Protoholozoa lilium by Monniot &amp; Monniot (1991, Fig. 15). The digestive loop encircles the hermaphrodite gonad. The ovary is anterior to the testis vesicles which are arranged in a rosette. A pedunculate brood pouch (Fig. 6C) is inserted at the base of the thorax and occasionally contains a single larva. The tadpole has three adhesive papillae in a triangle and one otolith (Fig. 6B). The larval body is 1.7 mm long encircled by the tail.</p> <p>The structure of the larva is typical of the Holozoidae family. It confirms the attribution of the species to the genus Scotiazoa instead of Protoholozoa (see Monniot &amp; Tatian 2020).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A6FD6CFF9CE83D55E3379BFC08FCF5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Monniot, Francoise	Monniot, Francoise (2021): New records of deep-sea ascidians (Tunicata, Ascidiacea) from the New Caledonia region. Zootaxa 4996 (3): 443-468, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4996.3.2
03A6FD6CFF9DE83255E3310FFDBCFA92.text	03A6FD6CFF9DE83255E3310FFDBCFA92.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pterygascidia kanakae Monniot 2021	<div><p>Pterygascidia kanakae sp. nov.</p> <p>Figures 8, 9</p> <p>Station: Kanadeep 12-742-03. One specimen (Holotype MNHN P1.PTE 3 – slide A1. 1903).</p> <p>Very soft and transparent 23.5 cm long (Fig. 8A) the body has the general shape of the genus with the thorax and abdomen included in a single segment followed without a neat constriction by a wide and long peduncle.The anterior part of the body was a little damaged when collected, but most of the internal organs are preserved. The oral aperture opens at the base of the siphon developed into a hood which contains muscular fibres (Fig. 8B, 9A). The atrial aperture has eight round lobes above a few circular muscle fibres. No wing-shaped extensions of the tunic were seen associated with the atrial siphon, but the tunic is partly torn at this level.An average of 60 oral tentacles is distributed in two orders of size. The musculature is restricted to the thorax. The muscles are in transverse spaced fibres running from the endostyle to the middle of each body side and shorter transverse fibres are along the dorsal side. The dorsal tubercle opens in a slit. The dorsal lamina comprises pointed languets. The thin branchial tissue (Fig. 8C) extends to the posterior end of the body; about 50 longitudinal vessels were counted on the right side with a single stigma per mesh (Fig. 8C). The digestive loop is long and straight; it begins with a short oesophagus in continuity with an olive-shaped horizontal stomach sided by two round glandular masses (Fig. 9C). The state of the stomach wall does not allow seeing if it has ridges. The intestine ends in a smooth-edged anus (Fig. 9B) The gonad is totally different from those described for P. longa (Van Name, 1918). In the present specimen the gonad is hermaphrodite in a single organ, parallel to the intestine but not adherent to it (Fig. 9C). It begins in the bottom of the gut loop and extends parallel to the intestine up to the base of the atrial siphon. Several groups of testis vesicles(Fig. 9D) are applied along the axis of the long tubular ovary. The sperm duct issuing from each group of testis lobes connects to a common sperm duct running along the length of the ovary ending in four genital papillae. In Pterygascidia kanakae sp.nov. male and female elements are associated in a single gland and represent a different organisation from the status described by several authors for Pterygascidia longa (Van name 1918; Millar 1963; Tokioka 1971a, 1971b; Monniot &amp; Monniot 2003 Figs 3A, 4B; Kott 2008). In P. longa the testis vesicles are spread along a large part of the intestine wall, the common sperm duct emerges in the bottom of the gut loop to join the base of the tubular ovary and remains applied to the ovary passing the female papilla and ending in a single male papilla.</p> <p>Kott (2008) established the synonymy of the genera Pterygascidia Sluiter, 1904 and Ciallusia Van Name, 1918, a status generally accepted. Concerning the species, a doubt about the synonymy of P. mirabilis Sluiter, 1904 and P. longa remains, especially that of Tokioka (1971b) who re-examined Sluiter’s material, the descriptions of the tunic extensions are slightly different.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A6FD6CFF9DE83255E3310FFDBCFA92	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Monniot, Francoise	Monniot, Francoise (2021): New records of deep-sea ascidians (Tunicata, Ascidiacea) from the New Caledonia region. Zootaxa 4996 (3): 443-468, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4996.3.2
03A6FD6CFF93E83155E332BCFBEEFF35.text	03A6FD6CFF93E83155E332BCFBEEFF35.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cnemidocarpa irene (Hartmeyer 1906)	<div><p>Cnemidocarpa irene (Hartmeyer 1906)</p> <p>Figure 10</p> <p>Station: Kanacono DW 4777. Seven specimens.</p> <p>Styela irene Hartmeyer 1906:7 Fig. 4</p> <p>Cnemidocarpa irene: Nishikawa 1991 and synonymy; Monniot &amp; Monniot 2003.</p> <p>Common in the Caledonian basin this species has a mammillate smooth tunic with some epibionts (Fig. 10A). The siphons are separated by one third of the body width and not protruding. Thirty oral tentacles are evenly spaced. The dorsal tubercle C-shaped lies in a low V of the prepharyngeal band. The dorsal lamina is a low blade. The branchial sac has four folds on each side (Fig. 10B, C) each with an average of 20 longitudinal vessels plus up to 20 vessels separate the folds. There are parastigmatic vessels and an average of two stigmata per branchial mesh. The digestive loop is narrowly open; it occupies only a posterior part of the left body side (Fig. 10D). The olive-shaped stomach has internal ridges and no caecum; the anus margin has numerous lobes. There are two long gonads on each side (Fig. 10D) those on the right side are well distant from each other; on the left side the gonads are parallel and above the intestine. Fifty endocarps are present on the right side and on the left some endocarps lie below the stomach, others inside the gut loop and on each side of the gonads. Neither velum nor atrial tentacles were seen.</p> <p>Cnemidocarpa irene has a worldwide distribution from shallow to bathyal depth.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A6FD6CFF93E83155E332BCFBEEFF35	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Monniot, Francoise	Monniot, Francoise (2021): New records of deep-sea ascidians (Tunicata, Ascidiacea) from the New Caledonia region. Zootaxa 4996 (3): 443-468, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4996.3.2
03A6FD6CFF90E83755E3323EFE69FF35.text	03A6FD6CFF90E83755E3323EFE69FF35.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cnemidocarpa tinaktae Van Name 1918	<div><p>Cnemidocarpa tinaktae Van Name, 1918</p> <p>Figure 11</p> <p>Station: Kanadeep DW 4945. One specimen.</p> <p>Cnemidocarpa tinaktae Van Name 1918: Philippines; Millar 1975, Philippines. Monniot &amp; Monniot 2003, Indonesia.</p> <p>The spherical body was fixed by one third of its surface. The thick tunic is naked with a smooth surface with irregular furrows. The well spaced siphons are not protruding and are contracted inside the body. The body wall is opaque. About 25 thin and long oral tentacles alternate with smaller ones. The dorsal tubercle opens in an S shape inside a deep V of the prepharyngeal band. The musculature does not make ribbons but a dense felting. The rapheal membrane is high with a plain edge. The 4 branchial folds on each side (Fig. 11A) are high, having at least 25 longitudinal sinuses and separated from each other by six or seven sinuses. The space between the endostyle and the next fold is larger. The digestive loop occupies a small part of the left body side (Fig. 11B). The oesophagus is short and narrow followed by a long stomach with eight or nine longitudinal folds on its internal wall (Fig. 11B). The intestine curves in a primary loop and bend to a short secondary curve at the stomach level. A small buttonlike caecum is present at the junction to the intestine. The anus has two lips slightly lobed. The gonads (Fig. 11B) are long and sinuous, sometimes branched at their ventral extremity ten on the right side and five on the left. They adhere to the body wall but are not embedded in it; the male and female ducts are joined in a single papilla. Endocarps are present everywhere on the body wall and some fill the gut loop (Fig. 11B). A ring of filiform papillae is present at the base of an atrial velum.</p> <p>The New Caledonian specimen in a round body with a naked and furrowed surface has a characteristic shape. It well corresponds to those described from the Philippines (Van Name 1918; Millar 1975) and those from Indonesia (Monniot &amp; Monniot 2003).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A6FD6CFF90E83755E3323EFE69FF35	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Monniot, Francoise	Monniot, Francoise (2021): New records of deep-sea ascidians (Tunicata, Ascidiacea) from the New Caledonia region. Zootaxa 4996 (3): 443-468, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4996.3.2
03A6FD6CFF96E83655E33633FB4DFCD9.text	03A6FD6CFF96E83655E33633FB4DFCD9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polycarpa papillata Sluiter 1885	<div><p>Polycarpa papillata Sluiter, 1885</p> <p>Figure 12</p> <p>Stations: Kanacono DW 4717; DW 4717; DW 4730. Six specimens.</p> <p>The body is elongated in all specimens with a brown leathery tunic harder posteriorly where it makes a kind of peduncle (Fig. 12A). The oral siphon is apical slightly turned outward, the atrial siphon is somewhat posterior protruding a short distance away from the oral siphon. Removed from the tunic the body appears in two parts (Fig. 12B) the major one anterior containing the main organs and a posterior bulbous segment filled with body wall tissue. There are numerous long oral tentacles. The dorsal tubercle opens anteriorly in a U and located in a deep V of the prepharyngeal band. The 4 branchial folds per side are well separated (FIG. 12D). One formula on the right side is: E- 4(13)4(20)4(20)4(15)1-DL</p> <p>Parastigmatic vessels are present. The branchial sac does not penetrate into the posterior segment of the body. The digestive loop vertically oriented (Fig. 12C) is loosely attached to the body wall. The olive-shaped stomach has internal longitudinal ridges. The anus rim in two lips is fringed with a series of long lobes. The gonads are numerous (Fig. 12C), about 16 on each side, distributed without precise design. Each polycarp contains an ovary sided by a row of testis vesicles; the genital papillae are joined and short. A large surface of the body wall wears endocarps, including some present inside the gut loop. No velum or tentacles have been found at the atrial aperture.</p> <p>The present specimens correspond to those described from Indonesia in Monniot &amp; Monniot (2001). They differ from Polycarpa reviviscens Monniot &amp; Monniot, 2001 which has the same posterior body extension but the zooids are aggregated in clumps and have polycarps of different shape.</p> <p>Polycarpa producta Monniot &amp; Monniot, 2003 from the Caledonian basin is very similar in shape to P. papillata described above but differs by more numerous endocarps and less polycarps arranged in a line.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A6FD6CFF96E83655E33633FB4DFCD9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Monniot, Francoise	Monniot, Francoise (2021): New records of deep-sea ascidians (Tunicata, Ascidiacea) from the New Caledonia region. Zootaxa 4996 (3): 443-468, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4996.3.2
03A6FD6CFF97E83555E3346BFED8FD49.text	03A6FD6CFF97E83555E3346BFED8FD49.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Microcosmus longicloa Monniot C. & Monniot F. 1991	<div><p>Microcosmus longicloa Monniot C. &amp; Monniot F., 1991</p> <p>Figure 13</p> <p>Stations: Kanacono DW 4727; DW 4728; DW 4781. Four specimens.</p> <p>The bodies of the different specimens in this collection all have the same shape (Fig. 13A). The largest specimen is 7 cm in length. The siphons are well apart, the atrial one always longer (Fig. 13). The tunic is rough and leathery but thin with spinules of 10µ on the siphonal lining (Fig. 12D). The muscle ribbons are evenly spaced and dense in a web on the body wall (Fig. 13C). There are about 60 thick ramified oral tentacles. The dorsal tubercle, C-shaped with horns rolled inward is placed in a deep V of the prepharyngeal band (Fig. 13B). The dorsal lamina has a plain edge. There are seven high folds on each side (Fig. 13B) and four to five longitudinal vessels between the folds. The digestive loop is ventral and only occupies a part of the left body side close to the endostyle (Fig. 13C). The digestive gland is in two parts: one anterior with lobes in lamellae and one posterior with thin finger-like papillae. The anus with eight lobes opens close to the oesophagus. There is one long gonad on each side. The left gonad crosses and covers the intestine the right gonad is also ventral (Fig. 13C). In all specimens two endocarps are placed anterior to the gonad on the right body side and one endocarp is above the gonad on the left body side, while additional endocarps cover the gonad lobes (Fig. 13C). There is an atrial velum but no papillae at the atrial aperture.</p> <p>The newly collected specimens are similar in all characters to those described from the same region (Monniot &amp; Monniot 1991).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A6FD6CFF97E83555E3346BFED8FD49	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Monniot, Francoise	Monniot, Francoise (2021): New records of deep-sea ascidians (Tunicata, Ascidiacea) from the New Caledonia region. Zootaxa 4996 (3): 443-468, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4996.3.2
03A6FD6CFF94E83455E335DBFD5BFDAD.text	03A6FD6CFF94E83455E335DBFD5BFDAD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pyura irregularis (Herdman 1882)	<div><p>Pyura irregularis (Herdman, 1882)</p> <p>Figure 14</p> <p>Station: Kanacono CP 4739. One specimen.</p> <p>Pyura irregularis: Kott 1985 and synonymy; Monniot F. &amp; Monniot C. 2003. The tunic is brown and corrugated (Fig. 14C). The siphons are distant of one third of the body width. The body wall is thick with a dense musculature. The oral tentacles have only short and spaced first-order ramifications of (Fig. 14D). The long U-shaped dorsal tubercle is included in a particularly deep V of the prebranchial band (Fig. 14D). The dorsal lamina has numerous pointed languets. The branchial sac has nine entire branchial folds on each side and an incomplete fold close to the endostyle (Fig. 14A). In a specimen 4cm in length the formula on the right side is: E – 3 (4) 3 (11) 6 (19) 8 (22) 8 (30) 8 (34) 6 (32) 6 (32) 5 (25) 4 (16) 1 – DL</p> <p>There are three–five stigmata per mesh between the folds and parastigmatic vessels are present. The gut loop is particularly large (Fig. 14B). The hepatic gland is in two voluminous cauliflower-shaped masses. The anus has eight lobes. There is one long ramified gonad on each side: the oviduct and sperm duct open in joined papillae. Large endocarps cover the gonad lobes, some are present on the right body wall, and numerous endocarps protrude along the entire intestine. There is a narrow atrial velum.</p> <p>All characters well correspond to Kott’s (1985) specimens and to the specimens already collected from New Caledonia (Monniot F. &amp; Monniot C. 2003, Fig. 42).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A6FD6CFF94E83455E335DBFD5BFDAD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Monniot, Francoise	Monniot, Francoise (2021): New records of deep-sea ascidians (Tunicata, Ascidiacea) from the New Caledonia region. Zootaxa 4996 (3): 443-468, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4996.3.2
03A6FD6CFF95E82B55E335BFFF61FF19.text	03A6FD6CFF95E82B55E335BFFF61FF19.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pyura viarecta Kott 1985	<div><p>Pyura viarecta Kott, 1985</p> <p>Figure 15</p> <p>Station: Kanacono CP 4676. One specimen.</p> <p>Pyura viarecta Kott, 1985: Heron Island; Monniot F. &amp; Monniot C. 2003: Nouvelle Calédonie. Embedded with coarse sand the round body 14 mm in diameter has a few hold-fast rhizoids. The internal layer of the tunic is thin. Extracted from the tunic the body is ovoid with the dorsal body wall thicker due to a more developed musculature than ventrally. Eighty oral tentacles with two orders of ramifications alternate with smaller ones. The dorsal tubercle is thick, protruding C-shaped with horns inwardly rolled. The posterior part of the branchial sac is missing gone out through a hole possibly made by depressurization but the anterior part remains against the prepharyngeal band (Fig. 15A). The dorsal lamina has pointed languets. On each side seven branchial folds are composed of about 10 to 12 longitudinal vessels each separated by two vessels, and three oval stigmata are in a mesh between the folds. The digestive loop is long and open (Fig. 15B) ending in a narrow lobed anus. The stomach was damaged but parts of the hepatic gland remain with round papillae. There is one gonad on each side (Fig. 15B) with eight lobes on the right side and 6 lobes on the left. The hermaphrodite lobes are well separated from each other and only attached to the body wall by the long central common duct. They gonads are not fully mature and each has an endocarp. No endocarps were found on the body wall and none on the gut. The rim of the atrial velum wears round lobes.</p> <p>This species is well characterised by its sandy tunic, seven branchial folds per side and the long gonads with lobes not linked to the body wall. Described from New Zealand it is found for a second time at depth in New Caledonia.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A6FD6CFF95E82B55E335BFFF61FF19	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Monniot, Francoise	Monniot, Francoise (2021): New records of deep-sea ascidians (Tunicata, Ascidiacea) from the New Caledonia region. Zootaxa 4996 (3): 443-468, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4996.3.2
03A6FD6CFF8AE82B55E3362AFB16F8B5.text	03A6FD6CFF8AE82B55E3362AFB16F8B5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Herdmania columna (Monniot C. & Monniot F. 1991)	<div><p>Herdmania columna (Monniot C. &amp; Monniot F., 1991)</p> <p>Figure 16</p> <p>Station: Kanacono DW 4728. Two specimens. (MNHN S2.HER 100).</p> <p>Pyura columna Monniot C. &amp; Monniot F. 1991 Figs 21I, 29. The body is 2 cm long on a peduncle of the same size (Fig. 16B). Both specimens have a cartilaginous tunic with few epibionts that contains the characteristic spicules of the genus. In one specimen there is a tunic papilla close to the oral aperture and two similar papillae at the anterior angle of the body. The muscular fibres are regularly crossed on the body sides. Twelve oral tentacles have ramifications of first order. The dorsal tubercle U-shaped opens in the prepharyngeal V. The dorsal lamina has long triangular languets. The branchial sac has 9 high folds on each side (Fig. 15A) and an additional half fold on the right side. The gut forms a wide open loop (Fig.16C) ending in an anus with two lips. A large hepatic gland covers the stomach (Fig. 16C). The gonads are long, straight and parallel to each other (Fig. 16B, C) six on the right side and two on the left, one in the gut loop and one above. The tubular ovary is covered by the testis vesicles, the common sperm duct follows the ovary length and opens with the oviduct but secondary successive male apertures arise erect on papillae (Monniot &amp; Monniot 1991 Fig. 29C).</p> <p>The presence of needle-shaped spicules in with rods of spines justifies to place the species in the genus Herdmania, as well as the morphology of the gonads.</p> <p>Very similar in the body shape and also present in the Caledonian area Herdmania colona Monniot F. &amp; Monniot C., 2003 is a junior synonym of Herdmania fimbriata Kott, 2002 from South Australia. It differs by the musculature design, the presence of one gonad on each side, and different complex genital papillae.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A6FD6CFF8AE82B55E3362AFB16F8B5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Monniot, Francoise	Monniot, Francoise (2021): New records of deep-sea ascidians (Tunicata, Ascidiacea) from the New Caledonia region. Zootaxa 4996 (3): 443-468, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4996.3.2
03A6FD6CFF8BE82955E3379BFF5AFCF5.text	03A6FD6CFF8BE82955E3379BFF5AFCF5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Culeolus caudatus Monniot C. & Monniot F. 1991	<div><p>Culeolus caudatus Monniot C. &amp; Monniot F., 1991</p> <p>Figure 17</p> <p>Station: Kanadeep CP 5072. One specimen. The body is 5.5 cm long on a stiff peduncle of 15 cm incrusted with sand (Fig. 17A). The peduncle is not sclerified it presents a longitudinal groove. A crest of tunic forms a circle at some distance from the atrial aperture. The body wall is thin with spaced muscular ribbons on each side (Fig.17B,C). It is prolonged by a triangular mass of spongy tissue without muscles close to the origin of the peduncle (Fig. 17C). Spicules are present in all tissues. The oral tentacles have 3 orders of ramifications. The dorsal tubercle opens in a flat S above the dorsal ganglion. The branchial tissue was partly ejected from the body though it was possible to see most details. The dorsal lamina is composed of numerous papillae. There are 6 branchial folds per side, not well delimited from each other, a tentative formula on the right side is:</p> <p>E – 6 (6) (4) 4 (7) 7 (8) 4 (8) 6 (7) 2 – DL</p> <p>The digestive loop comprises a long stomach and the ascending intestine situated close to the endostyle followed by a curve and a shorter rectum (Fig. 17D). The anus is lobed. The hepatic gland is voluminous with two large papillate masses and two or three smaller glands on the intestine Fig. 17 D). There is one long gonad on each side (Fig. 17B). The left gonad with seven lobes is located inside the gut loop (Fig. 16D). The right gonad has also seven lobes and is parallel and close to the endostyle. The sperm duct and oviduct are long and open together in joined papillae near the atrial aperture (Fig. 17B). No endocarps were found on the body wall. An ampulla of the internal layer of the body wall is present anterior to the right gonad but does not look as an endocarp but more as an inflated body wall trabecula.</p> <p>Though partially damaged, the Kanadeep specimen well corresponds to C. caudatus described from the same region.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A6FD6CFF8BE82955E3379BFF5AFCF5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Monniot, Francoise	Monniot, Francoise (2021): New records of deep-sea ascidians (Tunicata, Ascidiacea) from the New Caledonia region. Zootaxa 4996 (3): 443-468, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4996.3.2
03A6FD6CFF88E82955E33486FD66F971.text	03A6FD6CFF88E82955E33486FD66F971.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Culeolus elegans Monniot C. & Monniot F. 1991	<div><p>Culeolus elegans Monniot C. &amp; Monniot F., 1991</p> <p>Figure 18</p> <p>Stations: Kanadeep CP 5062; 5087; 5092; 5109. Seven specimens.</p> <p>The seven specimens collected all have the same shape with a triangular body attached to a long thin and stiff peduncle sometimes reaching 25cm in length (Fig. 18A, B). The outer tunic on the body is soft and covered with minute papillae and sediment over a thicker fibrous inner envelope. A half arc of larger papillae encircles the dorsal body side at some distance from the atrial aperture. The horny peduncle begins near the oral siphon. The body wall is thin with circular muscles at the base of the siphons and well spaced muscular bundles on the body. The oral tentacles with few ramifications are inserted at the base of a velum. The dorsal tubercle opens in a vertical slit. The dorsal lamina has large flat triangular languets. The branchial tissue is damaged in all specimens, with a large part ejected through the atrial aperture. Near the prepharyngeal band longitudinal sinuses can be seen grouped in 6 low folds but their exact number cannot be determined. The gut is isodiametric in a long open loop (Fig. 18C). A series of hepatic lobes lie along the oesophagus and stomach which are not delimited from the intestine. The anus is fringed with numerous lobes. The gonad number varies (Fig.18C, D) and does not depend on the specimen size. The largest specimen (2.2 cm in diameter) has five gonads of different length on the right body side and two gonads inside the gut loop, there are no gonads outside of the gut. Each gonad comprises a succession of hermaphrodite lobes covered by an endocarp and linked by the oviduct. Both genital papillae are short and close together. No endocarp were found on the body wall. Rare spicules can be found in the body wall and gonads.</p> <p>Culeolus elegans is known only from the New Caledonian area where it seems to be common. It differs from Culeolus herdmanni Sluiter, 1904, (also present in New Caledonia: Monniot C. &amp; F. 1991) which has six branchial folds per side but large endocarps on the body wall.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A6FD6CFF88E82955E33486FD66F971	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Monniot, Francoise	Monniot, Francoise (2021): New records of deep-sea ascidians (Tunicata, Ascidiacea) from the New Caledonia region. Zootaxa 4996 (3): 443-468, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4996.3.2
03A6FD6CFF88E82F55E33002FCCAFD65.text	03A6FD6CFF88E82F55E33002FCCAFD65.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Culeolus herdmani Sluiter 1904	<div><p>Culeolus herdmani Sluiter, 1904</p> <p>Figure 19</p> <p>Stations: Kanacono CP 4739; DW 4717. Four specimens.</p> <p>All characters already detailed in Monniot &amp; Monniot (1991) are found again here for this species. The tunic on the head is naked though sometimes with a few epibionts but the long peduncle is encrusted with sand (Fig. 19A). The tunic is cartilaginous, thick but flexible with a row of papillae widely encircling the top of the body behind the atrial aperture. These papillae are reduced or missing in several specimens. The body wall is thin but with strong muscular fibres in a peculiar design (Fig. 19C). In addition to the siphonal sphincters a few longitudinal well spaced fibres extend from the siphons and rapidly curve to become parallel to the transverse circular muscles. On each body side one longitudinal muscular band is thicker, starts from the corner of the atrial aperture and crosses the body wall in a straight diagonal line (Fig.19C). About 14 oral tentacles have few but long simple digitations. One of these tentacles is often much longer than the others. The neural button-like tubercle is placed in a wide V of the prepharyngeal band. The dorsal lamina is made of tight pointed languets. The branchial tissue is thin with few longitudinal vessels arranged in 4 low folds per side. In a medium size specimen the formula is from the right to the left:</p> <p>E - 1(2) 2 (2) 1 (4) 1 (3) DL (2) 1 (3) 1 (3) 1 (3) E.</p> <p>The digestive loop occupies almost the entire length of the left ventral body side (Fig. 19B, C). The stomach is not neatly delimited and carries at its beginning a digitised hepatic gland, several smaller elements in a line fol- low. The first limb of the intestine is parallel to the endostyle and curves in a second limb which terminally turns up to open by two anal lobes. There are two gonads on the posterior part of the right body side (Fig. 19B) (three in one specimen) and two gonads inside the gut loop made of successive lobes. Each gonad is elongated with several protruding lobes along the tubular ovary. The testis vesicles form successive masses sometimes well spaced (Fig. 19D) the sperm ducts join in a common duct running along the ovary. In some places finger-like papillae are erect on the internal side of the gonads and contain a ramification of the common sperm duct (Fig. 19D). This uncommon structure was already mentioned for Caledonian specimens (Monniot &amp; Monniot 1991). This is not seen in all specimens and seems related to the gonad maturation. At each gonad extremity the oviduct and the common sperm duct end in divergent tubular papillae.</p> <p>A very long vesicular endocarp is situated on the anterior side of the right body wall, a smaller endocarp is at the top of the gut loop. There are no other endocarps on the body wall. These endocarps are similar to those present in Culeolus recumbens Herdman, 1882 but all other anatomical characters are different in both species. No spicules were detected in the tissues.</p> <p>Culeolus herdmani is widely distributed and abundant in the Pacific Ocean but not as deep as other Culeolus species, being more common only between 300 and 500 m depth.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A6FD6CFF88E82F55E33002FCCAFD65	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Monniot, Francoise	Monniot, Francoise (2021): New records of deep-sea ascidians (Tunicata, Ascidiacea) from the New Caledonia region. Zootaxa 4996 (3): 443-468, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4996.3.2
03A6FD6CFF8FE82D55E3379BFE7AFE61.text	03A6FD6CFF8FE82D55E3379BFE7AFE61.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Culeolus recumbens Herdman 1882	<div><p>Culeolus recumbens Herdman 1882</p> <p>Figure 20</p> <p>Stations: Kanadeep CP 5062; cp 5087; cp 5092; cp 5093. Eight specimens.</p> <p>Culeolus recumbens Herdman 1882: South West Indian Ocean; Monniot &amp; Monniot 1982: Antarctic; Monniot &amp; Monniot 199: New Caledonia; Monniot &amp; López-Legentil 2017: Papua New Guinea; Sanamyan &amp; Sanamyan 1999: North New Zealand.</p> <p>All specimens have the same shape with a triangular body held on a long stiff peduncle ending in a tuft of filaments (Fig. 20A). They are different sizes; the largest has a 3cm head and a peduncle 15cm long. The tunic is thin and soft on the head, spotted with button-like papillae with some adhering sand. A half ring of larger papillae encircles ventrally the anterior part of the body at some distance from the atrial aperture. The peduncle is flexible but harder, totally encrusted inserted at the side of the oral aperture. The body wall is thin and transparent with well spaced muscular bundles extending from the siphons and crossing the body sides (Fig. 20B–D). All specimens are damaged with the branchial sac and often the gonads and gut ejected through the atrial siphon. The oral tentacles are particularly long overlapping within the oral aperture. The dorsal tubercle opens in a slit above an elongated neural ganglion. The prepharyngeal band curves in a deep dorsal V. The dorsal lamina has large flat languets.</p> <p>It is difficult to determine if the branchial longitudinal vessels form three or four low folds on each side; in a specimen a tentative formula on the left side is:</p> <p>DL – 1 (4) 2 (4) 3 (3) 6 E</p> <p>The digestive loop is long and opened (Fig. 20B, C). The narrow stomach is covered by a digestive gland divided into several papillated lobes. The anus has numerous lobes. The gonads (Fig. 20B–D). are variable in number on each side according to the specimens, they can be from three to nine on the right side and from four to six on the left inside the gut loop. Their shape is uncommon for the genus they are similar to polycarps of the genus Polycarpa: testis and ovary are joined in a round gland with short joined ducts (Fig. 20B, C). One large endocarp is located on the body wall anterior to the gonads and another endocarp lies at the top of the intestine loop. No other endocarps were found. No spicules where seen in the tissues.</p> <p>Culeolus recumbens differs from other species of Culeolus present in New Caledonia by having several gonads on each side in the shape of polycarps. The external body shape may lead to confusion with other sandy pedunculate species of the same region.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A6FD6CFF8FE82D55E3379BFE7AFE61	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Monniot, Francoise	Monniot, Francoise (2021): New records of deep-sea ascidians (Tunicata, Ascidiacea) from the New Caledonia region. Zootaxa 4996 (3): 443-468, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4996.3.2
03A6FD6CFF8DE82355E335F7FB83FE61.text	03A6FD6CFF8DE82355E335F7FB83FE61.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Asajirus ovirarus (Monniot C. & Monniot F. 1990)	<div><p>Asajirus ovirarus (Monniot C. &amp; Monniot F.,1990)</p> <p>Figure 22</p> <p>Station: Kanadeep CP 5071. One specimen.</p> <p>Hexacrobylus ovirarus Monniot C. &amp; Monniot F., 1990. Hair-like filaments and sand cover the tunic 1.5 cm long (Fig. 22A). The oral aperture has 8 stout pinnate lobes of equal size. The atrial siphon was not seen. The body wall is thin and transparent (Fig. 22B) with the musculature restricted to a large oral sphincter and some transverse muscles fibres on the dorsal body side. The pharynx is very contracted and narrows to form a cylindrical oesophagus. The stomach occupies most of the body, filled by a variety of invertebrate debris mostly crustaceans which have torn its posterior wall. The intestine forms a loop in which is located a round renal vesicle (Fig. 22B). There is one gonad on each side of the oesophagus in the atrial cavity (Fig. 22C, D): testis and ovary form a round mass. The gonoducts were not seen.</p> <p>Asajirus ovirarus is recorded in New Caledonia for the second time but deeper.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A6FD6CFF8DE82355E335F7FB83FE61	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Monniot, Francoise	Monniot, Francoise (2021): New records of deep-sea ascidians (Tunicata, Ascidiacea) from the New Caledonia region. Zootaxa 4996 (3): 443-468, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4996.3.2
