taxonID	type	description	language	source
03A4923D7D78AD2715D5FEECF6B84B3F.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Canuschiza insularis Lacroix, 1999, by original designation.	en	Sehnal, Richard, Král, David, Bezděk, Aleš (2014): Canuschiza of Socotra Island (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) Part 1. Canuschiza insularis species group. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 54: 139-171, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5312012
03A4923D7D78AD2715D5FEECF6B84B3F.taxon	diagnosis	Differential diagnosis. Genus Canuschiza differs from other schizonychine genera in combination of the following characters. Body elongate (length 7.5 – 17.2 mm), almost parallel-sided, weakly to moderately convex. Labrum transverse, deeply bilobed, lobes rounded. Clypeus transverse, anterior angles rounded. Fronto-clypeal suture present, forming continuous shallowly bisinuate line or better visible elevated double fronto-clypeal carina (Figs 1 A, B). Occipital carina missing. Eyes small (width of both eyes combined lower than maximum width of frons between eyes) to large (width of both eyes combined larger than maximum width of frons between eyes). Antenna with eight to ten antennomeres; club with three antennomeres. Terminal maxillary palpomere elongate, truncate apically. Pronotum transverse, simply convex, without anteromedian tubercle. Basal border complete, anterior border missing. Posterior angles of pronotum broadly rounded to rectangular, in some species even distinctly produced posteriad. Elytra weakly to moderately convex, parallel-sided, rounded apically, apical angle approximately rectangular. Striae missing, except of feebly visible sutural stria. Macropterous, rarely micropterous. Protibia narrow, tridentate, terminal calcar inserted against medial dent. Claws bifid, with ventrobasal teeth (e. g. Fig. 2 B). Parameres symmetrical, regularly curved in lateral aspect, rounded apically in dorsal aspect; apex with tuft of long yellowish macrosetae (Figs 10 A – D, 11 A – D). Geographical distribution. Endemic to Socotra Island.	en	Sehnal, Richard, Král, David, Bezděk, Aleš (2014): Canuschiza of Socotra Island (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) Part 1. Canuschiza insularis species group. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 54: 139-171, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5312012
03A4923D7D79AD271557FD50F68A4F5C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body elongate, almost parallel, weakly convex; colour chestnut brown to black, elytra often somewhat alutaceous, macrosetation pale. Dorsal surface of head, pronotum, scutellar shield and elytra covered with short recumbent scale-like macrosetae, ventral surface of thorax and abdomen with recumbent scale-like macrosetae. Labrum transverse, deeply bilobed, lobes rounded. Clypeus transverse, anterior angles rounded. Head with simple darkened fronto-clypeal suture (translucent endocarina) (Fig. 1 A). Eye-canthus narrow, short, bare or with few macrosetae. Antenna with eight or ten antennomeres; club with three antennomeres, almost straight to regularly arcuate, sparsely and shortly macrosetaceous. Terminal maxillary palpomere elongate, truncate apically. Pronotum transverse, weakly convex, widest approximately at middle. Posterior angles approximately rectangular or even distinctly produced posteriad (e. g. Figs 6 C, 9 C). Scutellar shield large, almost equilaterally triangular. Elytra weakly convex, parallel-sided, rounded apically. Striae missing, except of feebly visible sutural stria. Surface finely microsculptured, alutaceous. Punctation coarse, each puncture bearing short, pale scale-like, almost recumbent macroseta. Macropterous or micropterous. Protibia narrow, tridentate, terminal calcar inserted against medial dent. Meso- and metatibia slightly expanded apicad, with two macrosetiferous longitudinal carinae. Upper terminal calcar of metatibia flattened. Claws bifid, with ventrobasal teeth (e. g. Fig. 2 B). Pygidium slightly transverse, convex, all around bordered, broadly rounded apically, irregularly covered with coarse macrosetiferous punctures. Parameres symmetrical, shorter than phallobasis, regularly curved in lateral aspect, rounded apically in dorsal aspect; apex with tuft of long pale macrosetae (Figs 10 A – D, 11 A – D). Comparison. Members of C. insularis species group differ from C. minuta mainly in larger size (9.0 – 17.2 mm), weakly convex body, simple darkened fronto-clypeal suture (translucent endocarina) (Fig. 1 A), and the rectangular shape of posterior angles of protonum, in some species even distinctly produced posteriad (e. g. Figs 6 C, 9 C), while C. minuta is smaller (7.5 mm), with distinctly convex body, head with well visible elevated double fronto-clypeal carina (Fig. 1 B) and broadly rounded posterior angles of protonum.	en	Sehnal, Richard, Král, David, Bezděk, Aleš (2014): Canuschiza of Socotra Island (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) Part 1. Canuschiza insularis species group. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 54: 139-171, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5312012
03A4923D7D7EAD2215E2FF23F6604C3F.taxon	description	(Figs 2 A – H, 10 A)	en	Sehnal, Richard, Král, David, Bezděk, Aleš (2014): Canuschiza of Socotra Island (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) Part 1. Canuschiza insularis species group. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 54: 139-171, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5312012
03A4923D7D7EAD2215E2FF23F6604C3F.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. Yemen, Socotra Island, wadi Adah (= Lahas) [ca. 12 ° 38 ′ N, 54 ° 05 ′ E]. Type material (10 specimens). HOLOTYPE: J, labelled: ‘ YEMEN, Socotra isl. / Lakas, 17. - 18. xi. 2000 / V. Bejček et K. Šťastný lgt. [p] // YEMEN, Socotra isl. / Lahas (= wadi Adah) / ca 12 ° 38 ′ N, 54 ° 05 ′ E / arranged by Sehnal R. et al. 2014 [p] ’. PARATYPES NO. 1 – 9 (6 JJ 3 ♀♀): same label data as holotype. Type depositories. HT and PT Nos. 1, 7 in NMPC, PT Nos. 2, 8 in RSCV, PT Nos. 3, 9 in IECA, PT No. 4 in BMNH, PT No. 5 in MNHN, PT No. 6 in ISNB.	en	Sehnal, Richard, Král, David, Bezděk, Aleš (2014): Canuschiza of Socotra Island (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) Part 1. Canuschiza insularis species group. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 54: 139-171, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5312012
03A4923D7D7EAD2215E2FF23F6604C3F.taxon	description	Description of holotype (J). Body elongate, almost parallel, weakly convex. Dorsal and ventral surface moderately shiny, elytra somewhat alutaceous, chestnut brown, macrosetation pale (Fig. 2 A). Dorsal surface of head, pronotum, scutellar shield and elytra covered with white short recumbent scale-like macrosetae, ventral surface of thorax and abdomen with white recumbent scale-like macrosetae. Head appendages and legs covered with yellowish moderately long macrosetae, mixed with a few white recumbent scale-like macrosetae on metafemora. Head. Labrum transverse, deeply bilobed, lobes rounded, irregularly and coarsely punctate, covered with long erect macrosetae. Clypeus transverse, anterior margin almost not upturned and shallowly sinuate medially, anterior angles rounded. Fronto-clypeal suture present, forming continuous shallowly bisinuate line. Clypeus and frons densely, irregularly, coarsely punctate, each puncture with short, minute erect macroseta. Occiput sparsely, regularly, moderately punctate. Eye-canthus narrow, short, bare. Eyes medium sized (width of both eyes combined approximately the same as maximum width of frons between eyes), distinctly extending beyond eye-canthus. Antenna with ten antennomeres; club with three antennomeres, almost straight (Fig. 2 D), distinctly shorter than antennal shaft (antennomeres I – VII combined). Antennomeres I – VII with sparse long macrosetae, club sparsely, shortly macrosetaceous. Terminal maxillary palpomere elongate, apically rounded, approximately as long as palpomeres II and III combined. Pronotum transverse, moderately convex, widest approximately at midlength. Basal and lateral borders complete, anterior border missing. Lateral outline regularly rounded, margins not crenate, bare. Anterior margin regularly, broadly sinuate. Anterior angles moderately produced, obtuse-angular; posterior angles weakly produced posteriad, approximately rectangular (Fig. 2 C). Punctation consisting of coarse, umbilicate, almost regularly spaced punctures becoming somewhat denser laterad; each puncture bearing short, narrow, white scale-like, almost recumbent macroseta. Scutellar shield large, almost equilaterally triangular, sides and apex rounded; bare. Elytra weakly convex, parallel-sided, rounded apically, apical angle approximately rectangular. Striae missing, excepting feebly visible sutural stria. Humeral umbones present, vaguely swollen. Surface finely microsculptured (shagreened), alutaceous; punctation coarse, almost regularly spaced, punctures separated by 1 – 2 their diameter. Each puncture bearing short, narrow, white scale-like, almost recumbent macroseta. Epipleuron distinct, complete, narrow, bare laterally. Macropterous. Legs. Femora narrow, shiny, irregularly punctate, macrosetaceous. Protibia narrow, distinctly tridentate, terminal calcar inserted against medial dent. Meso- and metatibia slightly expanded apicad, with two macrosetiferous longitudinal carinae. Upper terminal calcar of metatibia flattened, slightly curved, acute apically, almost two times as long as lower, apically trunctate chisel-shaped metatibial calcar. Claws bifid, with ventrobasal teeth (Fig. 2 B). Ventral surface covered with mixture of short, recumbent, white scale-like macrosetae and long, semierect yellowish macrosetae. Pygidium slightly transverse, convex, all around bordered, apically broadly rounded, irregularly covered with coarse macrosetiferous punctures. Male genitalia. Parameres symmetrical, shorter than phallobasis, regularly curved in lateral aspect, rounded apically in dorsal aspect; apex with tuft of long yellowish macrosetae (Fig. 10 A). Sexual dimorphism. Female differs from male in the following characters: body slightly broadened posteriad (Fig. 2 E); antennal club straight, distinctly shorter (Fig. 2 H); eyes small (width of both eyes combined shorter than maximum width of frons between eyes) (Fig. 2 H); metatibia more strongly expanded apically; tarsomeres of all legs shorter (Fig. 2 E). Variability. Paratypes only slightly vary in length (see measurements), colour and punctation of dorsal surface, length and distribution of scale-like macrosetation of pronotum and elytra. Measurements. Total body length: JJ 11.6 – 13.7 mm (holotype 13.7 mm), ♀♀ 13.0 – 13.5 mm.	en	Sehnal, Richard, Král, David, Bezděk, Aleš (2014): Canuschiza of Socotra Island (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) Part 1. Canuschiza insularis species group. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 54: 139-171, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5312012
03A4923D7D7EAD2215E2FF23F6604C3F.taxon	diagnosis	Differential diagnosis. Canuschiza adah sp. nov. can be differentiated from all species of the C. insularis species group mainly by combination of the following diagnostic characters in males: antennae with ten antennomeres (Figs 2 A, D); antennal club almost straight, as long as antennal shaft (antennomeres I – VII combined) (Figs 2 A, D); anterior margin of clypeus almost not upturned and shallowly sinuate medially (Figs 2 A, D); eyes medium sized (width of both eyes combined approximately the same as maximum width of frons between eyes) (Fig. 2 D); lateral margins of pronotum bare; posterior angles of pronotum rectangular, moderately produced posteriad (Fig. 2 C); elytra densely irregularly punctate, each puncture bearing scale-like macroseta, longer than puncture diameter; scale-like macrosetae of pronotum and elytra considerably short, narrow (Figs 2 A, C); macropterous. For tentative differentiation of females refer to the identification keys below.	en	Sehnal, Richard, Král, David, Bezděk, Aleš (2014): Canuschiza of Socotra Island (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) Part 1. Canuschiza insularis species group. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 54: 139-171, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5312012
03A4923D7D7EAD2215E2FF23F6604C3F.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Derived from area of origin of the new species, the Adah wadi, Socotra Island; noun in nominative case, in apposition. Collecting circumstances. All type material was captured attracted to light (V. Bejček, pers. comm. 2014). Geographical distribution. Type material originates from area of the Adah (= Lahas) wadi, for details see BEZDĚK et al. (2012).	en	Sehnal, Richard, Král, David, Bezděk, Aleš (2014): Canuschiza of Socotra Island (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) Part 1. Canuschiza insularis species group. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 54: 139-171, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5312012
03A4923D7D7CAD2E15FAFA83F7434D9F.taxon	description	(Figs 3 A – H, 10 B)	en	Sehnal, Richard, Král, David, Bezděk, Aleš (2014): Canuschiza of Socotra Island (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) Part 1. Canuschiza insularis species group. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 54: 139-171, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5312012
03A4923D7D7CAD2E15FAFA83F7434D9F.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. Yemen, Socotra Island, Dixam [= Diksam] plateau, wadi Zerig, 655 m a. s. l., 12 ° 29.6 ′ N 53 ° 59.5 ′ E. Type material (9 specimens). HOLOTYPE: J, labelled: ‘ YEMEN, SOCOTRA Island / Dixam plateau, wadi ZERIG / pools, Juncus marsh; Dracaena trees; cave 13. - 14. vi. 2012 / 12 ° 29.6 ′ N, 53 ° 59.5 ′ E, 655 m // SOCOTRA expedition 2012 / J. Bezděk, J. Hájek, V. Hula / P. Kment, I. Malenovský, J. Niedobová & L. Purchart leg. [p] ’. PARATYPES: NOS. 1 – 5 (3 JJ 2 ♀♀), same label data as holotype; No. 6 (J): ‘ Yemen, Soqotra Is., 2003 / 3. xii, Dixam plateau, / WADI ZEERIQ, 750 m, / N 12 ° 31 ′ 08 ″ E 53 ° 59 ′ 09 ″ / [GPS], David Král lgt. [p] // YEMEN – SOQOTRA, 2003 / Expedition: Jan Farkač, / Petr Kabátek & David Král [p] // ex coll. David Král / National Museum / Prague, Czech Republic [p] ’; Nos. 7 – 8 (J and ♀): ‘ YEMEN, SOCOTRA Island / wadi ES GEGO / 300 m a. s. l. / 12 ° 28 ′ 18 ″ N; 54 ° 00 ′ 34 ″ E / 13. V. 2004 lgt. A. REITER [p] ’. Type depositories. HT and PT Nos. 4, 6 – 8 in NMPC, PT Nos. 1, 2 in RSCV, PT Nos. 3, 5 in IECA.	en	Sehnal, Richard, Král, David, Bezděk, Aleš (2014): Canuschiza of Socotra Island (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) Part 1. Canuschiza insularis species group. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 54: 139-171, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5312012
03A4923D7D7CAD2E15FAFA83F7434D9F.taxon	description	Description of holotype (J). Body elongate, almost parallel, weakly convex. Dorsal and ventral surface moderately shiny, elytra somewhat alutaceous, ochre, macrosetation pale (Fig. 3 A). Dorsal surface of head, pronotum, scutellar shield and elytra covered with white short recumbent scale-like macrosetae, ventral surface of thorax and abdomen with white recumbent scale-like macrosetae. Head appendages and legs covered with yellowish moderately long macrosetae, mixed with a few white recumbent scale-like macrosetae on metafemora. Head. Labrum transverse, deeply bilobed, lobes rounded, irregularly and coarsely punctate, covered with long erect macrosetae. Clypeus transverse, anterior margin finely upturned along its whole length, shallowly sinuate medially, anterior angles rounded. Fronto-clypeal suture present, forming continuous almost straight line. Clypeus and frons densely, almost regularly, coarsely punctate, each puncture with short, minute erect macroseta. Occiput sparsely, regularly, moderately punctate. Eye-canthus narrow, short, bare. Eyes considerably large (width of both eyes combined larger than maximum width of frons between eyes), distinctly extending beyond eye-canthus. Antenna with ten antennomeres; club with three antennomeres, almost straight (Fig. 3 D), distinctly shorter than antennal shaft (antennomeres I – VII combined). Antennomeres I – VII with sparse long macrosetae, club sparsely, shortly macrosetaceous. Terminal maxillary palpomere elongate, apically truncate, approximately as long as palpomeres II and III combined. Pronotum transverse, moderately convex, widest approximately at midlength. Basal and lateral borders complete, anterior border missing. Lateral outline regularly rounded, margins not crenate, bare. Anterior margin regularly, broadly sinuate. Anterior angles moderately produced, obtuse-angular; posterior angles not produced posteriad, approximately rectangular (Fig. 3 C). Punctation consisting of coarse, umbilicate, almost regularly spaced punctures becoming somewhat denser laterad; each puncture bearing short, narrow, white scale-like, almost recumbent macroseta. Scutellar shield large, almost equilaterally triangular, sides and apex rounded; disc punctate, each puncture bearing short, narrow, white scale-like, almost recumbent macroseta. Elytra weakly convex, parallel-sided, rounded apically, apical angle approximately rectangular. Striae missing, except for feebly visible sutural stria. Humeral umbones present, vaguely swollen. Surface finely microsculptured (shagreened), alutaceous; punctation coarse, almost regularly spaced, punctures separated by 1 – 2 their diameter. Each puncture bearing short, narrow, white scale-like, almost recumbent macroseta. Epipleuron distinct, complete, narrow, bare laterally. Macropterous. Legs. Femora narrow, shiny, irregularly punctate, macrosetaceous. Protibia narrow, distinctly tridentate, terminal calcar inserted against medial dent. Meso- and metatibia slightly expanded apicad, with two macrosetiferous longitudinal carinae. Upper terminal calcar of metatibia flattened, slightly curved, acute apically, almost two times as long as lower, apically trunctate chisel-shaped metatibial calcar. Claws bifid, with ventrobasal teeth (Fig. 3 B). Ventral surface covered with mixture of short, recumbent, white scale-like macrosetae and long, semierect yellowish macrosetae. Pygidium slightly transverse, convex, all around bordered, apically broadly rounded, irregularly covered with coarse macrosetiferous punctures. Male genitalia. Parameres symmetrical, shorter than phallobasis, regularly curved in lateral aspect, rounded apically in dorsal aspect; apex with tuft of long yellowish macrosetae (Fig. 10 B). Sexual dimorphism. Female differs from male in the following characters: body slightly broadened posteriad (Fig. 3 E); antennal club straight, considerably shorter (Fig. 3 H); eyes small (width of both eyes combined shorter than maximum width of frons between eyes) (Fig. 3 H); metatibia more strongly expanded apically; tarsomeres of all legs shorter (Fig. 3 E). Variability. Paratypes only slightly vary in length (see measurements), colour and punctation of dorsal surface, length and distribution of scale-like macrosetation of pronotum and elytra. Measurements. Total body length: JJ 11.2 – 14.3 mm (holotype 13.8 mm); ♀♀ 13.2 – 13.9 mm.	en	Sehnal, Richard, Král, David, Bezděk, Aleš (2014): Canuschiza of Socotra Island (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) Part 1. Canuschiza insularis species group. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 54: 139-171, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5312012
03A4923D7D7CAD2E15FAFA83F7434D9F.taxon	diagnosis	Differential diagnosis. Canuschiza croton sp. nov. can be differentiated from all species of the C. insularis species group mainly by combination of the following diagnostic characters in males: antennae with ten antennomeres (Figs 3 A, D); antennal club almost straight, shorter than antennal shaft (antennomeres I – VII combined) (Figs 3 A, D); anterior margin of clypeus finely upturned, shallowly sinuate medially (Figs 3 A, D); eyes considerably large (width of both eyes combined larger than maximum width of frons between eyes) (Figs 3 A, D); lateral margins of pronotum bare; posterior angles of pronotum rectangular, sharp, moderately produced posteriad (Fig. 3 C); elytra densely irregularly punctate, each puncture bearing scale-like macroseta, longer than puncture diameter; scale-like macrosetae of pronotum and elytra narrow (Figs 3 A, C); macropterous. For tentative differentiation of females refer to the identification keys below.	en	Sehnal, Richard, Král, David, Bezděk, Aleš (2014): Canuschiza of Socotra Island (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) Part 1. Canuschiza insularis species group. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 54: 139-171, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5312012
03A4923D7D7CAD2E15FAFA83F7434D9F.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Derived from the Latin generic name of Croton sulcifructus Balf. f. (Euphorbiaceae), plant endemic to Socotra; noun in nominative case, in apposition. Collecting circumstances. All type material was captured attracted to light (J. Hájek, pers. comm. 2014). Geographical distribution. Type material originates from wadi Zerig and wadi Esgego located in Central Socotra, for details see BEZDĚK et al. (2012).	en	Sehnal, Richard, Král, David, Bezděk, Aleš (2014): Canuschiza of Socotra Island (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) Part 1. Canuschiza insularis species group. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 54: 139-171, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5312012
03A4923D7D70AD2815C9FAE3F5EE4DBF.taxon	description	(Figs 4 A – H, 10 C)	en	Sehnal, Richard, Král, David, Bezděk, Aleš (2014): Canuschiza of Socotra Island (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) Part 1. Canuschiza insularis species group. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 54: 139-171, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5312012
03A4923D7D70AD2815C9FAE3F5EE4DBF.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. Yemen, Socotra Island, Dixam [= Diksam], Firmihin, 490 m a. s. l., 12 ° 28.6 ′ N, 54 ° 01.1 ′ E. Type material (23 specimens). HOLOTYPE: J, labelled: ‘ YEMEN, SOCOTRA Island / Dixam plateau 14. - 15. vi. 2012 / FIRMIHIN, Dracaena woodland / 12 ° 28.6 ′ N, 54 ° 01.1 ′ E, 490 m // SOCOTRA expedition 2012 / J. Bezděk, J. Hájek, V. Hula / P. Kment, I. Malenovský, J. Niedobová & L. Purchart leg. [p] ’. PARATYPES: NOS. 1 – 10 (3 JJ 7 ♀♀), same label data as holotype; Nos. 11 – 16 (6 JJ): ‘ YEMEN, Socotra isl. / Firmihin, x. 2000 / V. Bejček & K. Šťastný lgt. [p] ’; Nos. 17 – 19 (3 ♀♀): ‘ Republic of Yemen, Socotra Isl. / Firmihin plato - Dracena tree forest / N 12 ° 28 ′ 465 ″, E 54 ° 00 ′ 89830 ″ / V. Hula lgt. 22. - 25.6.2009 [p] ’; Nos. 20 – 22 (3 ♀♀): ‘ YEMEN, SOCOTRA Island / Dixam plateau, wadi ZERIG / pools, Juncus marsh; Dracaena trees; cave 13. - 14. vi. 2012 / 12 ° 29.6 ′ N, 53 ° 59.5 ′ E, 655 m // SOCOTRA expedition 2012 / J. Bezděk, J. Hájek, V. Hula / P. Kment, I. Malenovský, J. Niedobová & L. Purchart leg. [p] ’. Type depositories. HT and PT Nos. 1, 2, 4 – 7 in NMPC, PT Nos. 3, 11, 20 – 22 in RSCV, PT Nos. 12, 13, 17 – 19 in IECA, PT Nos. 8, 14 in BMNH, PT Nos. 9, 15 in MNHN, PT Nos. 10, 16 in ISNB.	en	Sehnal, Richard, Král, David, Bezděk, Aleš (2014): Canuschiza of Socotra Island (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) Part 1. Canuschiza insularis species group. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 54: 139-171, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5312012
03A4923D7D70AD2815C9FAE3F5EE4DBF.taxon	description	Description of holotype (J). Body elongate, almost parallel, weakly convex. Dorsal and ventral surface moderately shiny, elytra somewhat alutaceous, chestnut brown, macrosetation pale (Fig. 4 A). Dorsal surface of head, pronotum, scutellar shield and elytra covered with white short recumbent scale-like macrosetae, ventral surface of thorax and abdomen with white recumbent scale-like macrosetae. Head appendages and legs covered with yellowish moderately long macrosetae, mixed with a few white recumbent scale-like macrosetae on metafemora. Head. Labrum transverse, deeply bilobed, lobes rounded, irregularly and coarsely punctate, covered with long erect macrosetae. Clypeus transverse, anterior margin weakly upturned and shallowly sinuate, anterior angles rounded. Fronto-clypeal suture present, forming continuous shallowly bisinuate line. Clypeus and frons densely (to confluent), irregularly, coarsely punctate, each puncture with short, minute erect macroseta. Occiput sparsely, regularly, moderately punctate. Eye-canthus narrow, short, bare. Eyes medium sized (width of both eyes combined approximately the same as maximum width of frons between eyes), distinctly extending beyond eye-canthus. Antenna with ten antennomeres; club with three antennomeres, almost straight (Fig. 4 D), distinctly shorter than antennal shaft (antennomeres I – VII combined). Antennomeres I – VII with sparse long macrosetae, club sparsely, shortly macrosetaceous. Terminal maxillary palpomere elongate, apically truncate, approximately as long as palpomeres II and III combined. Pronotum transverse, moderately convex, widest approximately at midlength. Basal and lateral borders complete, anterior border missing. Lateral outline regularly rounded, margins not crenate, bare. Anterior margin regularly, broadly sinuate. Anterior angles moderately produced, obtuse-angular; posterior angles weakly produced posteriad, approximately rectangular (Fig. 4 C). Punctation consisting of coarse, umbilicate, almost regularly spaced punctures becoming somewhat denser laterad; each puncture bearing short, narrow, white scale-like, almost recumbent macroseta. Scutellar shield large, almost equilaterally triangular, sides and apex rounded; disc punctate, each puncture bearing short, narrow, white scale-like, almost recumbent macroseta. Elytra weakly convex, parallel-sided, rounded apically, apical angle approximately rectangular. Striae missing, excepting feebly visible sutural stria. Humeral umbones present, vaguely swollen. Surface finely microsculptured (shagreened), alutaceous; punctation coarse, almost regularly spaced, punctures separated by 1 – 2 their diameter. Each puncture bearing short, narrow, white scale-like, almost recumbent macroseta. Epipleuron distinct, complete, narrow, bare laterally. Macropterous. Legs. Femora narrow, shiny, irregularly punctate, macrosetaceous. Protibia narrow, distinctly tridentate, terminal calcar inserted against medial dent. Meso- and metatibia slightly expanded apicad, with two macrosetiferous longitudinal carinae. Upper terminal calcar of metatibia flattened, slightly curved, acute apically, almost two times as long as lower, apically trunctate chisel-shaped metatibial calcar. Claws bifid, with ventrobasal teeth (Fig. 4 B). Ventral surface covered with mixture of short, recumbent, white scale-like macrosetae and long, semierect yellowish macrosetae. Pygidium slightly transverse, convex, all around bordered, apically broadly rounded, irregularly covered with coarse macrosetiferous punctures. Male genitalia. Parameres symmetrical, shorter than phallobasis, regularly curved in lateral aspect, rounded apically in dorsal aspect; apex with tuft of long yellowish macrosetae (Fig. 10 C). Sexual dimorphism. Female differs from male in the following characters: body slightly broadened posteriad (Fig. 4 E); antennal club straight, considerably shorter (Figs 4 E, H), eyes small (width of both eyes combined shorter than maximum width of frons between eyes) (Figs 4 E, H); metatibia more strongly expanded apically; tarsomeres of all legs shorter (Fig. 4 E). Variability. Paratypes only slightly vary in length (see measurements), colour and punctation of dorsal surface, length and distribution of scale-like macrosetation of pronotum and elytra. Measurements. Total body length: JJ 12.9 – 16.4 mm (holotype 14.0 mm); ♀♀ 13.2 – 17.2 mm.	en	Sehnal, Richard, Král, David, Bezděk, Aleš (2014): Canuschiza of Socotra Island (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) Part 1. Canuschiza insularis species group. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 54: 139-171, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5312012
03A4923D7D70AD2815C9FAE3F5EE4DBF.taxon	diagnosis	Differential diagnosis. Canuschiza dracaena sp. nov. can be differentiated from all species of the C. insularis species group mainly by combination of the following diagnostic characters in males: antennae with ten antennomeres (Fig. 4 D); antennal club almost straight, shorter than antennal shaft (antennomeres I – VII combined) (Figs 4 A D); anterior margin of clypeus weakly upturned, almost straight medially (Figs 4 A, D); eyes medium sized (width of both eyes combined approximately the same as maximum width of frons between eyes) (Figs 4 A, D); lateral margins of pronotum bare; posterior angles of pronotum rectangular, sharp, moderately produced posteriad (Figs 4 A, C); elytra densely irregularly punctate, each puncture bearing scale-like macroseta, longer than puncture diameter; scale-like macrosetae of pronotum and elytra, short, narrow (Figs 4 A, C); macropterous. For tentative differentiation of females refer to the identification keys below.	en	Sehnal, Richard, Král, David, Bezděk, Aleš (2014): Canuschiza of Socotra Island (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) Part 1. Canuschiza insularis species group. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 54: 139-171, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5312012
03A4923D7D70AD2815C9FAE3F5EE4DBF.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Derived from the Latin generic name of the Dragon blood tree, Dracaena cinnabari Balf. f. (Asparagaceae), native to Socotra; noun in nominative case, in apposition. Collecting circumstances. Majority of type material was captured attracted to light (J. Hájek and V. Hula, pers. comm. 2014). Geographical distribution. Type material originates all from the mountainous parts of Central Socotra (Diksam plateau, Firmihin plateau and environs of the Zerig cave), for details see BEZDĚK et al. (2012).	en	Sehnal, Richard, Král, David, Bezděk, Aleš (2014): Canuschiza of Socotra Island (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) Part 1. Canuschiza insularis species group. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 54: 139-171, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5312012
03A4923D7D76AD3415F3FB03F5EE4B9F.taxon	description	(Figs 5 A – D, 10 D)	en	Sehnal, Richard, Král, David, Bezděk, Aleš (2014): Canuschiza of Socotra Island (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) Part 1. Canuschiza insularis species group. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 54: 139-171, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5312012
03A4923D7D76AD3415F3FB03F5EE4B9F.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. Yemen, Socotra Island, Firmihin plateau, Dracaena tree forest, [ca 500 m a. s. l.], 12 ° 28.465 ′ N 54 ° 00.898 ′ E. Type material (2 specimens). HOLOTYPE: J, labelled: ‘ Republic of Yemen, Socotra Isl. / Firmihin plato - Dracena tree forest / N 12 ° 28 ′ 465 ″, E 54 ° 00 ′ 89830 ″ / V. Hula lgt. 22. - 25.6.2009 [p] ’. PARATYPE No. 1 (J): ‘ YEMEN, SOKOTRA Island / DIKSAM plateau, Diksam / lake; 1000 m a. s. l. / 12 ° 31 ′ 23 ″ N; 53 ° 57 ′ 12 ″ E / 12. V. 2004 lgt. A. REITER [p] ’. Type depository. HT and PT No. 1 in NMPC.	en	Sehnal, Richard, Král, David, Bezděk, Aleš (2014): Canuschiza of Socotra Island (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) Part 1. Canuschiza insularis species group. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 54: 139-171, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5312012
03A4923D7D76AD3415F3FB03F5EE4B9F.taxon	description	Description of holotype (J) (left middle leg missing). Body elongate, almost parallel, weakly convex. Dorsal and ventral surface moderately shiny, chestnut brown, macrosetation pale (Fig. 5 A). Dorsal surface of head, pronotum, scutellar shield and elytra covered with white short recumbent scale-like macrosetae, ventral surface of thorax and abdomen with white recumbent scale-like macrosetae. Head appendages and legs covered with yellowish moderately long macrosetae, mixed with a few white recumbent scale-like macrosetae on metafemora. Head. Labrum transverse, deeply bilobed, lobes rounded, irregularly and coarsely punctate, covered with long erect macrosetae. Clypeus transverse, anterior margin weakly upturned and almost straight medially, anterior angles rounded. Fronto-clypeal suture present, forming continuous, almost straight line. Clypeus and frons densely, irregularly, coarsely punctate, each puncture with short, minute erect macroseta. Occiput smooth. Eye-canthus narrow, short, with long macrosetation. Eyes considerably large (width of both eyes combined larger than maximum width of frons between eyes), distinctly extending beyond eye-canthus. Antenna with ten antennomeres; club with three antennomeres, regularly arcuate (Fig. 5 D), distinctly longer than antennal shaft (antennomeres I – VII combined). Antennomeres I – VII with sparse long macrosetae, club sparsely, shortly macrosetaceous. Terminal maxillary palpomere elongate, apically truncate, approximately as long as palpomeres II and III combined. Pronotum transverse, moderately convex, widest approximately at midlength. Basal and lateral borders complete, anterior border missing. Lateral outline regularly rounded, margins slightly crenate, bare. Anterior margin regularly, broadly sinuate. Anterior angles moderately produced, obtuse-angular; posterior angles not produced posteriad, approximately rectangular (Fig. 5 C). Basal margin regularly rounded. Punctation consisting of coarse, umbilicate, almost regularly spaced punctures becoming somewhat denser laterad; each puncture bearing short, narrow, white scale-like, almost recumbent macroseta. Scutellar shield large, almost equilaterally triangular, sides and apex rounded, flat. Elytra weakly convex, parallel-sided, rounded apically, apical angle approximately rectangular. Striae missing, except for feebly visible sutural stria. Humeral umbones present, vaguely swollen. Surface not microsculptured, moderately shiny; punctation coarse, almost regularly spaced, punctures separated by 1 – 2 their diameter. Each puncture bearing short, narrow, white scale-like, almost recumbent macroseta. Epipleuron distinct, complete, narrow, bare laterally. Macropterous. Legs. Femora narrow, shiny, irregularly punctate, macrosetaceous. Protibia narrow, distinctly tridentate, terminal calcar inserted against medial dent. Meso- and metatibia slightly expanded apicad, with two macrosetiferous longitudinal carinae. Upper terminal calcar of metatibia flattened, slightly curved, acute apically, almost two times as long as lower, apically trunctate chisel-shaped metatibial calcar. Claws bifid, with ventrobasal teeth (Fig. 5 B). Ventral surface covered with mixture of short, recumbent, white scale-like macrosetae and long, semierect yellowish macrosetae. Pygidium slightly transverse, convex, all around bordered, apically broadly rounded, irregularly covered with coarse macrosetiferous punctures. Male genitalia. Parameres symmetrical, shorter than phallobasis, regularly curved in lateral aspect, rounded apically in dorsal aspect; apex with tuft of long yellowish macrosetae (Fig. 10 D). Sexual dimorphism. Female unknown. Variability. The only paratype distinctly varies in body length, see measurements below. Measurements. Total body length: holotype (J) 9.0 mm, paratype (J) 11.3 mm.	en	Sehnal, Richard, Král, David, Bezděk, Aleš (2014): Canuschiza of Socotra Island (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) Part 1. Canuschiza insularis species group. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 54: 139-171, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5312012
03A4923D7D76AD3415F3FB03F5EE4B9F.taxon	diagnosis	Differential diagnosis. Canuschiza firmihin sp. nov. can be differentiated from all species of the Canuschiza insularis species group mainly by combination of the following diagnostic characters in males: antennae with ten antennomeres (Fig. 5 D); antennal club regularly arcuate, longer than antennal shaft (antennomeres I – VII combined) (Figs 5 A, D); anterior margin of clypeus weakly upturned, almost straight medially (Fig. 5 A, D); eyes considerably large (width of both eyes combined larger than maximum width of frons between eyes) (Figs 5 A, D); lateral margins of pronotum bare; posterior angles of pronotum rectangular, not produced posteriad (Figs 5 A, C); elytra densely irregularly punctate, each puncture bearing scale-like macroseta, longer than puncture diameter; scale-like macrosetae of pronotum and elytra narrow, long, almost hair-like (Figs 5 A, C); macropterous.	en	Sehnal, Richard, Král, David, Bezděk, Aleš (2014): Canuschiza of Socotra Island (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) Part 1. Canuschiza insularis species group. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 54: 139-171, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5312012
03A4923D7D76AD3415F3FB03F5EE4B9F.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Derived from area of origin of the new species, the Firmihin plateau, Socotra Island; noun in nominative case, in apposition. Collecting circumstances. Both specimens known so far were captured attracted to light (V. Hula and A. Reiter, pers. comm. 2014). Geographical distribution. Type material originates from the Firmihin Dracaena forest protected area and Diksam lake; both localities are situated in Central Socotra, for details see BEZDĚK et al. (2012).	en	Sehnal, Richard, Král, David, Bezděk, Aleš (2014): Canuschiza of Socotra Island (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) Part 1. Canuschiza insularis species group. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 54: 139-171, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5312012
03A4923D7D6AAD3615F5FCE3F0174B7F.taxon	description	(Figs 1 C, 6 A – D, 11 A)	en	Sehnal, Richard, Král, David, Bezděk, Aleš (2014): Canuschiza of Socotra Island (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) Part 1. Canuschiza insularis species group. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 54: 139-171, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5312012
03A4923D7D6AAD3615F5FCE3F0174B7F.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. Yemen, Socotra Island, Hagher Mts., Scand Mt. env., 12 ° 34.6 ′ N 54 ° 01.5 ′, 1450 m. Type material (2 specimens). HOLOTYPE: J, labelled: ‘ YEMEN, SOCOTRA Island / Hagher Mts., SCAND Mt. env. / montane evergreen woodland / 16. - 18. vi. 2012 / 12 ° 34.6 ′ N 54 ° 01.5 ′, 1450 m // SOCOTRA expedition 2012 / J. Bezděk, J. Hájek, V. Hula / P. Kment, I. Malenovský & L. Purchart leg. [p] ’. PARATYPE No. 1 (J): ‘ YEMEN, Socotra Isl. / Hagher Mts., Skant, / N 12 ° 34,557 ′, E 054 ° 01,514 ′ / 7. - 8. vi. 2010 / V. Hula & J. Niedobová leg. [p] ’. Type depositories. HT in NMPC, PT No. 1 in IECA.	en	Sehnal, Richard, Král, David, Bezděk, Aleš (2014): Canuschiza of Socotra Island (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) Part 1. Canuschiza insularis species group. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 54: 139-171, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5312012
03A4923D7D6AAD3615F5FCE3F0174B7F.taxon	description	Description of holotype (J). Body elongate, almost parallel, weakly convex. Dorsal and ventral surface moderately shiny, blackish, extremities dark brownish to blackish, macrosetation pale (Fig. 6 A). Dorsal surface of head, pronotum, scutellar shield and elytra covered with white, very short recumbent scale-like macrosetae, ventral surface of thorax and abdomen with white recumbent scale-like macrosetae. Head appendages and legs covered with yellowish moderately long macrosetae, mixed with a few white recumbent scale-like macrosetae on metafemora. Head. Labrum transverse, deeply bilobed, lobes rounded, irregularly and coarsely punctate, covered with long erect macrosetae. Clypeus transverse, anterior margin weakly upturned and shallowly sinuate medially, anterior angles rounded. Fronto-clypeal suture present, forming continuous shallowly bisinuate line. Punctation of clypeus confluent. Frons densely, irregularly, coarsely punctate; each puncture with considerably short, minute erect macroseta. Occiput sparsely regularly, remarkably coarsely punctate. Eye-canthus narrow, short, bare. Eyes small (width of both eyes combined shorter than maximum width of frons between eyes), distinctly extending beyond eye-canthus. Antenna with eight antennomeres; club with three antennomeres, weakly regularly arcuate (Fig. 6 D), long approximately as antennal shaft (antennomeres I – VII combined). Antennomeres I – VII almost bare, club sparsely, shortly macrosetaceous. Terminal maxillary palpomere elongate, apically rounded, approximately as long as palpomeres II and III combined. Pronotum transverse, moderately convex, widest approximately at midlength. Basal and lateral borders complete, anterior border missing. Lateral outline regularly rounded, margins not crenate. Anterior margin regularly, broadly sinuate. Anterior angles moderately produced, obtuse-angular; posterior angles distinctly produced posteriad, acute-angular (Fig. 6 C). Basal margin bisinuate. Punctation consisting of coarse, umbilicate, irregularly spaced punctures becoming somewhat denser laterad; each puncture bearing considerably short, erect macroseta. Scutellar shield large, almost equilaterally triangular, sides and apex rounded; disc with a few coarse, irregularly spaced punctures, bare. Elytra weakly convex, oval, rounded apically, apical angle approximately rectangular. Striae missing, excepting feebly visible sutural stria. Humeral umbones absent. Surface not microsculptured, shiny; punctation coarse, almost regularly spaced, punctures separated by 2 – 4 their diameters. Each puncture bearing short, narrow, white scale-like, almost recumbent macroseta. Epipleuron distinct, complete, narrow, bare laterally. Micropterous, wing length approximately 1 / 6 of length of elytron (Fig. 1 C). Legs. Femora narrow, shiny, irregularly punctate, macrosetaceous. Protibia narrow, distinctly tridentate, terminal calcar inserted against medial dent. Meso- and metatibia slightly expanded apicad, with two macrosetiferous longitudinal carinae. Upper terminal calcar of metatibia flattened, slightly curved, acute apically, almost two times as long as lower, apically truncate chisel-shaped metatibial calcar. Claws bifid, with ventrobasal teeth (Fig. 6 B). Ventral surface covered with mixture of short, recumbent, white scale-like macrosetae and long, semierect yellowish macrosetae. Pygidium slightly transverse, convex, all around bordered, apically broadly rounded, irregularly covered with coarse umbilicate, macrosetiferous punctures. Male genitalia. Parameres symmetrical, shorter than phallobasis, regularly curved in lateral aspect, rounded apically in dorsal aspect; apex with tuft of long yellowish macrosetae (Fig. 11 A). Sexual dimorphism. Female unknown. Variability. The only known paratype differs from holotype in flat, impunctate areas on pronotum. Measurements. Total body length: holotype (J) 17.0 mm, paratype (J) 16.3 mm.	en	Sehnal, Richard, Král, David, Bezděk, Aleš (2014): Canuschiza of Socotra Island (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) Part 1. Canuschiza insularis species group. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 54: 139-171, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5312012
03A4923D7D6AAD3615F5FCE3F0174B7F.taxon	diagnosis	Differential diagnosis. Canuschiza hagher sp. nov. can be differentiated from all species of the C. insularis species group mainly by combination of the following diagnostic characters in males: antennae with eight antennomeres (Fig. 6 D); antennal club weakly regularly arcuate, approximately as long as antennal shaft (antennomeres I – VII combined) (Figs 6 A, D); anterior margin of clypeus weakly upturned, shallowly sinuate medially (Figs 6 A, D); eyes small (width of both eyes combined shorter than maximum width of frons between eyes) (Figs 6 A, D); lateral margins of pronotum bare; posterior angles of pronotum consideraby produced posteriad (Figs 6 A, C); elytra densely irregularly punctate, each puncture bearing scale-like macroseta, approximately as long as puncture diameter; scale-like macrosetae of pronotum and elytra short and narrow (Figs 6 A, C); micropterous (Fig. 1 C). Although C. hagher sp. nov. differs from all other members of C. insularis species group in reduced metathoracic wings and lower number of antennomeres, other characters (like overall shape of body and shape of male genitalia) support its placement in C. insularis species group.	en	Sehnal, Richard, Král, David, Bezděk, Aleš (2014): Canuschiza of Socotra Island (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) Part 1. Canuschiza insularis species group. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 54: 139-171, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5312012
03A4923D7D6AAD3615F5FCE3F0174B7F.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Derived from the area of origin of the new species, the Hagher Mts., Socotra Island; noun in nominative case, in apposition. Collecting circumstances. The holotype was found walking on the ground near the light trap, in small clearing with minute vegetation, see KRÁL et al. (2012: Fig. 42) (J. Hájek, pers. comm. 2014). Geographical distribution. Type material originates from the highest part of the Hagher Mts., vicinity of Skand Mt., at altitude ca. 1450 m a. s. l.; for details see BEZDĚK et al. (2012).	en	Sehnal, Richard, Král, David, Bezděk, Aleš (2014): Canuschiza of Socotra Island (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) Part 1. Canuschiza insularis species group. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 54: 139-171, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5312012
03A4923D7D68AD3215A9FDC3F6B34A3F.taxon	description	(Figs 7 A – I, 11 B)	en	Sehnal, Richard, Král, David, Bezděk, Aleš (2014): Canuschiza of Socotra Island (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) Part 1. Canuschiza insularis species group. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 54: 139-171, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5312012
03A4923D7D68AD3215A9FDC3F6B34A3F.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. ʻSocotra, plaine d’Hadibuʼ [= Hadibo plain]. Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: J, labelled: ‘ Socotra 10. XI. 1993 / Plaine d’Hadibu / Piège lumineux / J. - G. CANU legit [p] // HOLOTYPE [p, red label] // Canuschiza / insularis n. sp. / M. LACROIX det. 19 [p] 99 [h] ’ (MNHN, Fig. 7 E). Additional material examined (84 specimens). YEMEN: SOCOTRA ISLAND: Hamadero, 20. – 21. xi. 2000, V. Bejček & K. Šťastný leg., 1 J 1 ♀ (NMPC); wadi Esgego, 300 m a. s. l., 12 ° 28 ′ 18 ″ N 54 ° 00 ′ 34 ″ E, 13. v. 2004, A. Reiter leg., 4 JJ 5 ♀♀ (NMPC); sand dunes near Irisseyl, 18. i. 2010, A. Saldaitis leg., 2 JJ in ISNB; Zemhon area, 270 – 300 m a. s. l., 12 ° 20.58 ′ N 54 ° 06.39 ′ E, 16. – 17. vi. 2010, V. Hula leg., 10 JJ 6 ♀♀ (NMPC), 2 JJ 2 ♀♀ (IECA), 2 JJ 2 ♀♀ (RSCV); Firmihin plato, 400 – 500 m a. s. l., 12 ° 28 ′ 46 ″ N 54 ° 00 ′ 89 ″ E, 18. – 19. vi. 2010, V. Hula & J. Niedobová leg., 2 ♀♀ (IECA); wadi Ayhaft, 200 m a. s. l., 12 ° 36.5 ′ N 53 ° 58.9 ′ E, 7. – 8. xi. 2010, J. Bezděk leg., 2 JJ 2 ♀♀ (IECA); same data but J. Hájek leg., 1 ♀ (NMPC); same data but L. Purchart leg., 1 ♀ (IECA); same data but P. Hlaváč leg., 1 ♀ (NMPC); same data but J. Batelka leg., 4 JJ 1 ♀ (JBCP); Shuab, mangroves – coast line, 23. xi. 2010, M. Butkevičius leg., 4 JJ 4 ♀♀ (ISNB), 1 J 1 ♀ (RSCV); Kaza Kazihon vill. env., 900 m a. s. l., 12 ° 31 ′ 13 ″ N 53 ° 55 ′ 36 ″ E, 5. vi. 2012, V. Hula & J. Niedobová leg., 1 J 4 ♀♀ (NMPC); Aloove vill. env., 221 m a. s. l., 12 ° 31.2 ′ N 54 ° 07.4 ′ E, J. Bezděk, J. Hájek, V. Hula, P. Kment, I. Malenovský & L. Purchart leg., 4 JJ 5 ♀♀ (IECA), 2 JJ 2 ♀♀ (RSCV), 1 J [specimen stored in pure alcohol] (ZFMK).	en	Sehnal, Richard, Král, David, Bezděk, Aleš (2014): Canuschiza of Socotra Island (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) Part 1. Canuschiza insularis species group. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 54: 139-171, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5312012
03A4923D7D68AD3215A9FDC3F6B34A3F.taxon	description	Redescription (J holotype). Body elongate, almost parallel, weakly convex. Dorsal and ventral surface moderately shiny, elytra somewhat alutaceous, chestnut brown, macrosetation pale (Fig. 7 A). Dorsal surface of head, pronotum, scutellar shield and elytra covered with white short recumbent scale-like macrosetae, ventral surface of thorax and abdomen with white recumbent scale-like macrosetae. Head appendages and legs covered with yellowish moderately long macrosetae, mixed with a few white recumbent scale-like macrosetae on metafemora. Head. Labrum transverse, deeply bilobed, lobes rounded, irregularly and coarsely punctate, covered with long erect macrosetae. Clypeus transverse, anterior margin weakly upturned and shallowly sinuate, anterior angles rounded. Fronto-clypeal suture present, forming continuous shallowly bisinuate line. Clypeus and frons densely (to confluent), irregularly, coarsely punctate, each puncture with short, minute erect macroseta. Occiput sparsely regularly, moderately punctate. Eye-canthus narrow, short, bare. Eyes medium sized (width of both eyes combined approximately same as maximum width of frons between eyes), distinctly extending beyond eye-canthus. Antenna with ten antennomeres; club with three antennomeres, almost straight (Fig. 7 D), distinctly shorter than antennal shaft (antennomeres I – VII combined). Antennomeres I – VII with sparse long macrosetae, club sparsely, shortly macrosetaceous. Terminal maxillary palpomere elongate, apically rounded, approximately as long as palpomeres II and III combined. Pronotum transverse, moderately convex, widest approximately at midlength. Basal and lateral borders complete, anterior border missing. Lateral outline regularly rounded, margins not crenate, bare. Anterior margin regularly, broadly sinuate. Anterior angles moderately produced, obtuse-angular; posterior angles weakly produced posteriad, approximately rectangular (Fig. 7 C). Punctation consisting of coarse, umbilicate, almost regularly spaced punctures becoming somewhat denser laterad; each puncture bearing short, narrow, white scale-like, almost recumbent macroseta. Scutellar shield large, almost equilaterally triangular, sides and apex rounded; disc punctate, each puncture bearing short, narrow, white scale-like, almost recumbent macroseta. Elytra weakly convex, parallel-sided, rounded apically, apical angle approximately rectangular. Striae missing, excepting feebly visible sutural stria. Humeral umbones present, vaguely swollen. Surface finely microsculptured (shagreened), alutaceous; punctation coarse, almost regularly spaced, punctures separated by 1 – 2 their diameter. Each puncture bearing short, narrow, white scale-like, almost recumbent macroseta. Epipleuron distinct, complete, narrow, bare laterally. Macropterous. Legs. Femora narrow, shiny, irregularly punctate, macrosetaceous. Protibia narrow, distinctly tridentate, terminal calcar inserted against medial dent. Meso- and metatibia slightly expanded apicad, with two macrosetiferous longitudinal carinae. Upper terminal calcar of metatibia flattened, slightly curved, acute apically, almost two times as long as lower, apically trunctate chisel-shaped metatibial calcar. Claws bifid, with ventrobasal teeth (Fig. 7 B). Ventral surface covered with mixture of short, recumbent, white scale-like macrosetae and long, semierect yellowish macrosetae. Pygidium slightly transverse, convex, all around bordered, apically broadly rounded, irregularly covered with coarse macrosetiferous punctures. Male genitalia. Parameres symmetrical, shorter than phallobasis, regularly curved in lateral aspect, rounded apically in dorsal aspect; apex with tuft of long yellowish macrosetae (Fig. 11 B). Sexual dimorphism. Female differs from male in the following characters: body slightly broadened posteriad (Fig. 7 B); antennal club straight, distinctly shorter (Figs 7 F, I); eyes medium sized (width of both eyes combined approximately the same as maximum width of frons between eyes) (Figs 7 F, I); metatibia more strongly expanded apically; tarsomeres of all legs shorter (Fig. 7 F). Variability. Material of different populations studied (Aloove (= Zemhon), Ayhaft, Esgego, Firmihin, Hadibo (type locality), Hamadero and Kaza Kazihon – see BEZDĚK et al. 2012, for details) slightly varies in body length, colour and punctation of dorsal surface, length and distribution of scale-like macrosetation of pronotum and elytra. Only material originating from Irisseyl (most eastern area of Socotra – see BEZDĚK et al. 2012, for details) and Shuab (most western coast of Socotra – see BEZDĚK et al. 2012, for details) possesses quite different punctation (coarser, sparser and irregularly spaced) than exhibited in all other populations studied, while all other diagnostic characters used approximately fit to C. insularis. Measurements. Total body length: JJ 9.4 – 14.9 mm (holotype 12.5 mm); ♀♀ 12.2 – 14.7 mm.	en	Sehnal, Richard, Král, David, Bezděk, Aleš (2014): Canuschiza of Socotra Island (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) Part 1. Canuschiza insularis species group. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 54: 139-171, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5312012
03A4923D7D68AD3215A9FDC3F6B34A3F.taxon	diagnosis	Differential diagnosis. Canuschiza insularis can be differentiated from all other species of the Canuschiza insularis species group mainly by combination of the following diagnostic characters in males: antennae with ten antennomeres (Fig. 7 D); antennal club almost straight, shorter than antennal shaft (antennomeres I – VII combined) (Figs 7 A, D); anterior margin of clypeus weakly upturned, shallowly sinuate medially (Figs 7 A, D); eyes medium sized (width of both eyes combined approximately the same as maximum width of frons between eyes) (Figs 7 A, D); lateral margins of pronotum bare; posterior angles of pronotum rectangular, moderately produced posteriad (Figs 7 A, C); elytra densely irregularly punctate, each puncture bearing scale-like macroseta, longer than puncture diameter; scale-like macrosetae of pronotum and elytra short, narrow (Fig. 7 C); macropterous. For tentative differentiation of females refer to the identification key below. Collecting circumstances. As far as it is known, majority of specimens were captured attracted to light, some specimens from Firmihin were found after the dark feeding on Jatropha unicostata leaves (J. Hájek, pers. comm. 2014). Geographical distribution. Species widely distributed in Socotra Island (Aloove, Ayhaft, Hadibo, Hamadero, Irisseyl, Kaza Kazihon, Shuab).	en	Sehnal, Richard, Král, David, Bezděk, Aleš (2014): Canuschiza of Socotra Island (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) Part 1. Canuschiza insularis species group. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 54: 139-171, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5312012
03A4923D7D6CAD3C15CDFC83F5EE4A1F.taxon	description	(Figs 8 A – H, 11 C)	en	Sehnal, Richard, Král, David, Bezděk, Aleš (2014): Canuschiza of Socotra Island (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) Part 1. Canuschiza insularis species group. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 54: 139-171, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5312012
03A4923D7D6CAD3C15CDFC83F5EE4A1F.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. Yemen, Socotra Island, Dixam [= Diksam plateau], wadi Zerig, 655 m a. s. l., 12 ° 29.6 ′ N 53 ° 59.5 ′ E. Type material (34 specimens). HOLOTYPE: J, labelled: ‘ YEMEN, SOCOTRA Island / Dixam plateau, wadi ZERIG / pools, Juncus marsh; Dracaena trees; cave 13. - 14. vi. 2012 / 12 ° 29.6 ′ N, 53 ° 59.5 ′ E, 655 m // SOCOTRA expedition 2012 / J. Bezděk, J. Hájek, V. Hula / P. Kment, I. Malenovský, J. Niedobová & L. Purchart leg. [p] ’. PARATYPES: Nos. 1 – 20 (10 JJ 10 ♀♀), same label data as holotype; Nos. 21 – 33 (6 JJ 7 ♀♀): ‘ YEMEN, SOCOTRA Island / Dixam plateau 14. - 15. vi. 2012 / FIRMIHIN, Dracaena woodland / 12 ° 28.6 ′ N, 54 ° 01.1 ′ E, 490 m // SOCOTRA expedition 2012 / J. Bezděk, J. Hájek, V. Hula / P. Kment, I. Malenovský, J. Niedobová & L. Purchart leg. [p] ’. Type depositories. HT and PT Nos. 1 – 3, 27 – 30 in NMPC, PT Nos. 4 – 6, 11 – 13, 21 in RSCV, PT Nos. 7, 8, 20, 24, 31 – 33 in IECA, PT Nos. 9, 14 in DKCC, PT Nos. 10, 15 in MLCP, PT Nos. 16, 22 in GSCT, PT Nos. 17, 23 in ISNB, PT Nos. 18, 26 in BMNH, PT Nos. 19, 25 in MNHN.	en	Sehnal, Richard, Král, David, Bezděk, Aleš (2014): Canuschiza of Socotra Island (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) Part 1. Canuschiza insularis species group. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 54: 139-171, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5312012
03A4923D7D6CAD3C15CDFC83F5EE4A1F.taxon	description	Description of holotype (J). Body elongate, almost parallel, weakly convex. Dorsal and ventral surface moderately shiny, elytra somewhat alutaceous, chestnut brown, macrosetation pale (Fig. 8 A). Dorsal surface of head, pronotum, scutellar shield and elytra covered with white short recumbent scale-like macrosetae, ventral surface of thorax and abdomen with white recumbent scale-like macrosetae. Head appendages and legs covered with yellowish moderately long macrosetae, mixed with a few white recumbent scale-like macrosetae on metafemora. Head. Labrum transverse, deeply bilobed, lobes rounded, irregularly and coarsely punctate, covered with long erect macrosetae. Clypeus transverse, anterior margin weakly upturned and distinctly straight medially, anterior angles rounded. Fronto-clypeal suture present, forming continuous shallowly bisinuate line. Clypeus and frons densely, irregularly, coarsely punctate, each puncture with short, minute erect macroseta. Occiput sparsely regularly, moderately punctate. Eye-canthus narrow, short, bare. Eyes medium sized (width of both eyes combined approximately the same as maximum width of frons between eyes), distinctly extending beyond eye-canthus. Antenna with ten antennomeres; club with three antennomeres, almost straight (Fig. 8 D), distinctly shorter than antennal shaft (antennomeres I – VII combined). Antennomeres I – VII with sparse long macrosetae, club sparsely, shortly macrosetaceous. Terminal maxillary palpomere elongate, apically truncate, approximately as long as palpomeres II and III combined. Pronotum transverse, moderately convex, widest approximately at midlength. Basal and lateral borders complete, anterior border missing. Lateral outline regularly rounded, margins not crenate, bare. Anterior margin regularly, broadly sinuate. Anterior angles moderately produced, obtuse-angular; posterior angles weakly produced posteriad, approximately rectangular (Fig. 8 C). Punctation consisting of coarse, umbilicate, almost regularly spaced punctures becoming somewhat denser laterad; each puncture bearing short, narrow, white scale-like, almost recumbent macroseta. Scutellar shield large, almost equilaterally triangular, sides and apex rounded; disc punctate, each puncture bearing short, narrow, white scale-like, almost recumbent macroseta. Elytra weakly convex, parallel-sided, rounded apically, apical angle approximately rectangular. Striae missing, excepting feebly visible sutural stria. Humeral umbones present, vaguely swollen. Surface finely microsculptured (shagreened), alutaceous; punctation coarse, almost regularly spaced, punctures separated by 1 – 2 their diameter. Each puncture bearing short, narrow, white scale-like, almost recumbent macroseta. Epipleuron distinct, complete, narrow, bare laterally. Macropterous. Legs. Femora narrow, shiny, irregularly punctate, macrosetaceous. Protibia narrow, distinctly tridentate, terminal calcar inserted against medial dent. Meso- and metatibia slightly expanded apicad, with two macrosetiferous longitudinal carinae. Upper terminal calcar of metatibia flattened, slightly curved, acute apically, almost two times as long as lower, apically trunctate chisel-shaped metatibial calcar. Claws bifid, with ventrobasal teeth (Fig. 8 B). Ventral surface covered with mixture of short, recumbent, white scale-like macrosetae and long, semierect yellowish macrosetae. Pygidium slightly transverse, convex, all around bordered, apically broadly rounded, irregularly covered with coarse macrosetiferous punctures. Male genitalia. Parameres symmetrical, shorter than phallobasis, regularly curved in lateral aspect, rounded apically in dorsal aspect; apex with tuft of long yellowish macrosetae (Fig. 11 C). Sexual dimorphism. Female differs from male in the following characters: body slightly broadened posteriad (Fig. 8 E); antennal club straight, distinctly shorter (Figs 8 E, H); eyes medium sized (width of both eyes combined approximately the same as maximum width of frons between eyes) (Figs 8 E, H); metatibia more strongly expanded apically; tarsomeres of all legs shorter (Fig. 8 E). Variability. Paratypes only slightly vary in length (see measurements), colour and punctation of dorsal surface, length and distribution of scale-like macrosetation of pronotum and elytra. Measurements. Total body length: JJ 12.5 – 14.8 mm (holotype 14.4 mm); ♀♀ 12.7 – 15.8 mm.	en	Sehnal, Richard, Král, David, Bezděk, Aleš (2014): Canuschiza of Socotra Island (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) Part 1. Canuschiza insularis species group. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 54: 139-171, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5312012
03A4923D7D6CAD3C15CDFC83F5EE4A1F.taxon	diagnosis	Differential diagnosis. Canuschiza jatropha sp. nov. can be differentiated from all species of the C. insularis species group mainly by combination of the following diagnostic characters in males: antennae with ten antennomeres (Fig. 8 D); antennal club almost straight, shorter than antennal shaft (antennomeres I – VII combined) (Figs 8 A, D); anterior margin of clypeus weakly upturned, distinctly straight medially (Figs 8 A, D); eyes medium sized (width of both eyes combined approximately the same as maximum width of frons between eyes) (Figs 8 A, D); lateral margins of pronotum bare; posterior angles of pronotum rectangular, moderately produced posteriad (Figs 8 A, C); elytra densely irregularly punctate, each puncture bearing scale-like macroseta, approximately as long as puncture diameter; scale-like macrosetae of pronotum and elytra considerably short, narrow (Figs 8 A, C); macropterous. For tentative differentiation of females refer to the identification keys below.	en	Sehnal, Richard, Král, David, Bezděk, Aleš (2014): Canuschiza of Socotra Island (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) Part 1. Canuschiza insularis species group. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 54: 139-171, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5312012
03A4923D7D6CAD3C15CDFC83F5EE4A1F.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Derived from the Latin generic name of the Sibru (in Suqutri language) plant, Jatropha unicostata Balf. f. (Euphorbiaceae), plant endemic to Socotra; noun in nominative case, in apposition. Collecting circumstances. Majority of type specimens were captured attracted to light, some specimens from Firmihin were found after the dark feeding on Jatropha leaves (J. Bezděk and J. Hájek, pers. comm. 2014). Geographical distribution. Type material originates from the Diksam plateau, for details see BEZDĚK et al. (2012).	en	Sehnal, Richard, Král, David, Bezděk, Aleš (2014): Canuschiza of Socotra Island (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) Part 1. Canuschiza insularis species group. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 54: 139-171, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5312012
03A4923D7D62AD3915FFFC63F07F4A35.taxon	description	(Figs 1 D, 9 A – I, 11 D)	en	Sehnal, Richard, Král, David, Bezděk, Aleš (2014): Canuschiza of Socotra Island (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) Part 1. Canuschiza insularis species group. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 54: 139-171, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5312012
03A4923D7D62AD3915FFFC63F07F4A35.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. Yemen, Socotra Island, Hagher Mts., Scand Mt. env., 1450 m a. s. l., 12 ° 34.6 ′ N 54 ° 01.5 ′ E. Type material (37 specimens). HOLOTYPE: J, labelled: ‘ YEMEN, SOCOTRA Island / Hagher Mts., SCAND Mt. env. / montane evergreen woodland / 16. - 18. vi. 2012 / 12 ° 34.6 ′ N, 54 ° 01.5 ′ E, 1450 m // SOCOTRA expedition 2012 / J. Bezděk, J. Hájek, V. Hula / P. Kment, I. Malenovský, J. Niedobová & L. Purchart leg. [p] ’. Paratypes: Nos. 1 – 34 (30 JJ 4 ♀♀), same label data as holotype; No. 35 (J): ‘ Republic of Yemen / Socotra Isl. / SKANT / Z. Hrubý lgt. 24.6.2009 [p] ’; No. 36 (J): ‘ YEMEN, Socotra Isl. / Hagher Mts., Skant, / N 12 ° 34,557 ′, E 054 ° 01,514 ′ / 7. - 8. vi. 2010 / V. Hula & J. Niedobová leg. [p] ’. Type depositories. HT and PT Nos. 1 – 6, 34, 35 in NMPC, PT Nos. 7 – 14, 31 in RSCV, PT Nos. 15 – 21, 32, 36 in IECA, PT Nos. 22, 23 in BMNH, PT Nos. 24, 25 in MNHN, PT Nos. 26, 27 in ISNB, PT No. 28 in DKCC, PT No. 29 in MLCP, PT No. 30 in GSCT.	en	Sehnal, Richard, Král, David, Bezděk, Aleš (2014): Canuschiza of Socotra Island (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) Part 1. Canuschiza insularis species group. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 54: 139-171, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5312012
03A4923D7D62AD3915FFFC63F07F4A35.taxon	description	Description of holotype (J). Body elongate, almost parallel, weakly convex. Dorsal and ventral surface moderately shiny, elytra somewhat alutaceous, chestnut brown, macrosetation pale (Fig. 9 A). Dorsal surface of head, pronotum, scutellar shield and elytra covered with white short recumbent scale-like macrosetae, ventral surface of thorax and abdomen with white recumbent scale-like macrosetae. Head appendages and legs covered with yellowish moderately long macrosetae, mixed with a few white recumbent scale-like macrosetae on metafemora. Head. Labrum transverse, deeply bilobed, lobes rounded, irregularly and coarsely punctate, covered with long erect macrosetae. Clypeus transverse, anterior margin weakly upturned and shallowly sinuate medially, anterior angles rounded. Fronto-clypeal suture present, forming continuous shallowly bisinuate line. Clypeus and frons densely, irregularly, coarsely punctate, each puncture with short, minute erect macroseta. Occiput sparsely regularly, moderately punctate. Eye-canthus narrow, short, bare. Eyes medium sized (width of both eyes combined approximately the same as maximum width of frons between eyes), distinctly extending beyond eye-canthus. Antenna with ten antennomeres; club with three antennomeres, nearly straight (Fig. 9 D), distinctly shorter than antennal shaft (antennomeres I – VII combined). Antennomeres I – VII with sparse long macrosetae, club sparsely, shortly macrosetaceous. Terminal maxillary palpomere elongate, apically truncate, approximately as long as palpomeres II and III combined. Pronotum transverse, moderately convex, widest approximately at midlength. Basal and lateral borders complete, anterior border missing. Lateral outline regularly rounded, margins in anterior half minutely crenate and macrosetaceous (Fig. 9 E). Anterior margin regularly, broadly sinuate. Anterior angles moderately produced, obtuse-angular; posterior angles weakly produced posteriad, approximately rectangular (Fig. 9 C). Punctation consisting of coarse, umbilicate, almost regularly spaced punctures becoming somewhat denser laterad; each puncture bearing short, narrow, white scale-like, almost recumbent macroseta. Scutellar shield large, almost equilaterally triangular, sides and apex rounded; bare. Elytra weakly convex, parallel-sided, rounded apically, apical angle approximately rectangular. Striae missing, excepting feebly visible sutural stria. Humeral umbones present, vaguely swollen. Surface finely microsculptured (shagreened), alutaceous; punctation coarse, almost regularly spaced, punctures separated by 1 – 2 their diameter. Each puncture bearing short, narrow, white scale-like, almost recumbent macroseta. Epipleuron distinct, complete, narrow, bare laterally. Macropterous (Fig. 1 D). Legs. Femora narrow, shiny, irregularly punctate, macrosetaceous. Protibia narrow, distinctly tridentate, terminal calcar inserted against medial dent. Meso- and metatibia slightly expanded apicad, with two macrosetiferous longitudinal carinae. Upper terminal calcar of metatibia flattened, slightly curved, acute apically, almost two times as long as lower, apically trunctate chisel-shaped metatibial calcar. Claws bifid, with ventrobasal teeth (Fig. 9 B). Ventral surface covered with mixture of short, recumbent, white scale-like macrosetae and long, semierect yellowish macrosetae. Pygidium slightly transverse, convex, all around bordered, apically broadly rounded, irregularly covered with coarse macrosetiferous punctures. Male genitalia. Parameres symmetrical, shorter than phallobasis, regularly curved in lateral aspect, rounded apically in dorsal aspect; apex with tuft of long yellowish macrosetae (Fig. 11 D). Sexual dimorphism. Female differs from male in the following characters: body slightly broadened posteriad (Fig. 9 F); antennal club straight, distinctly shorter (Figs 9 F, I); eyes small (width of both eyes combined shorter than maximum width of frons between eyes) (Figs 9 F, I); scale-like macrosetae of pronotum and elytra short, narrow (Figs 9 F, H); metatibia more strongly expanded apically; tarsomeres of all legs shorter (Fig. 9 F). Variability. Paratypes only slightly vary in length (see measurements), colour and punctation of dorsal surface, length and distribution of scale-like macrosetation of pronotum and elytra. Measurements. Total body length: JJ 12.2 – 14.7 mm (holotype 12.5 mm); ♀♀ 11.7 – 14.2 mm.	en	Sehnal, Richard, Král, David, Bezděk, Aleš (2014): Canuschiza of Socotra Island (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) Part 1. Canuschiza insularis species group. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 54: 139-171, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5312012
03A4923D7D62AD3915FFFC63F07F4A35.taxon	diagnosis	Differential diagnosis. Canuschiza skand sp. nov. can be differentiated from all species of the C. insularis species group mainly by combination of the following diagnostic characters in males: antennae with ten antennomeres (Fig. 9 D); antennal club almost straight, as long as antennal shaft (antennomeres I – VII combined) (Figs 9 A, D); anterior margin of clypeus weakly upturned, almost straight medially (Figs 9 A, D); eyes medium sized (width of both eyes combined approximately the same as maximum width of frons between eyes) (Figs 9 A, D); lateral margins of pronotum in anterior half minutely crenate and macrosetaceous (Fig. 9 E); posterior angles of pronotum rectangular, moderately produced posteriad (Figs 9 A, C); elytra densely irregularly punctate, each puncture bearing scale-like macroseta, longer than puncture diameter; scale-like macrosetae of pronotum and elytra considerably short, broad (Figs 9 A, C); macropterous. For tentative differentiation of females refer to the identification keys below.	en	Sehnal, Richard, Král, David, Bezděk, Aleš (2014): Canuschiza of Socotra Island (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) Part 1. Canuschiza insularis species group. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 54: 139-171, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5312012
03A4923D7D62AD3915FFFC63F07F4A35.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Derived from the area of origin of the new species, vicinity of the Skand Mt., Socotra (Yemen); noun in nominative case, in apposition. Collecting circumstances. All type material was captured attracted to light trap placed on clearing in evergreen montane woodland (J. Hájek, pers. comm. 2014). Geographical distribution. Type material originates from the vicinity of the Skand Mt., the highest area of the Hagher Mts and whole Socotra, for details see BEZDĚK et al. (2012).	en	Sehnal, Richard, Král, David, Bezděk, Aleš (2014): Canuschiza of Socotra Island (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) Part 1. Canuschiza insularis species group. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 54: 139-171, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5312012
03A4923D7D64AD3B1588FADCF0314BFF.taxon	description	2 (1) Elytra densely, irregularly punctate; each puncture bearing scale-like macroseta, longer than puncture diameter. 3 (4) Lateral margins of pronotum in anterior half minutely crenate and macrosetaceous. ....................................................................................................... C. skand sp. nov. 4 (3) Lateral margins of pronotum bare or with short, sparse macrosetation in posterior third only (visible in lateral aspect only). 5 (6) Punctation of frons posterior to frontal suture remarkably coarse, individual punctures touching each other with their margins, every puncture bearing short seta, not extending beyond margin of puncture. .................................... C. jatropha sp. nov. 6 (5) Punctation of frons posterior to frontal suture sparser, individual punctures not touching each other with their margins, every puncture bearing short seta, extending slightly beyond margin of puncture. 7 (8) Frons and occiput divided by continuous narrow impunctate area. .......................... ........................................................................................ C. insularis Lacroix, 1999 8 (7) Frons and occiput divided by sharply bordered impunctate area (edge). .................. ........................................................................ C. adah sp. nov. + C. croton sp. nov.	en	Sehnal, Richard, Král, David, Bezděk, Aleš (2014): Canuschiza of Socotra Island (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) Part 1. Canuschiza insularis species group. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 54: 139-171, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5312012
03A4923D7D65AD3B1539FD3BF7614D7E.taxon	description	C. adah sp. nov. wadi Adah C. croton sp. nov. Diksam plateau: wadi Esgego, wadi Zerig C. dracaena sp. nov. Diksam plateau: Firmihin, wadi Zerig C. firmihin sp. nov. Diksam plateau: Diksam lake; Firmihin C. hagher sp. nov. Hagher Mts.: area of Mt. Skand	en	Sehnal, Richard, Král, David, Bezděk, Aleš (2014): Canuschiza of Socotra Island (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) Part 1. Canuschiza insularis species group. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 54: 139-171, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5312012
03A4923D7D65AD3B1539FD3BF7614D7E.taxon	description	C. skand sp. nov. Hagher Mts.: area of Mt. Skand	en	Sehnal, Richard, Král, David, Bezděk, Aleš (2014): Canuschiza of Socotra Island (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) Part 1. Canuschiza insularis species group. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 54: 139-171, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5312012
