taxonID	type	description	language	source
03A4CF20FFDEDF7CFE15A1BFFBEEFA2A.taxon	description	(Figures 1 – 3)	en	Triapitsyn, Serguei V., Dominguez, Chrysalyn, Huber, John T., Japoshvili, George, Heraty, John M. (2020): Morphological and molecular separation between Macrocamptoptera grangeri Soyka and M. metotarsa (Girault) (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Journal of Natural History 54 (9): 585-596, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1766143
03A4CF20FFDEDF7CFE15A1BFFBEEFA2A.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined Holotype female of Herulia sundholmi on card [NHMUK], labelled (Figure 1 (b )): ‘ Bl., Förkärla, Tromtö, 29.7.51 coll. A. Sundholm ’ // [red] ‘ HOLOTYPUS Herulia sundholmi sp. n. K. - J. Hequist [sic] det. 1962 ’ // [red circle] ‘ HOLO-TYPE ’ // ‘ B. M. TYPE HYM 5.4697 ’ // [recently added] ‘ Hedqvist col. BMNH (E) 2011 – 27 ’ // [a recently added barcode label] ‘ NHMUK 010748743 ’. The holotype (Figure 1 (a )) is complete, in good condition. Material examined Belgium, Walloon Brabant, Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Ottignies, P. Dessart: 1 – 8. viii. 1981 [1 female, CNC]; 25. v – 4. vi. 1983 [1 female, CNC]. Georgia, Kakheti region, Lagodekhi Nature Reserve, Mt. Kudigora, G. Japoshvili, G. Kirkitadze: 41 ° 51 ʹ 09 ” N 46 ° 17 ʹ 16 ” E, 666 m, 15 – 25. viii. 2011 [1 female, UCRC UCRC _ ENT 00436765, D 6042, Figure 2 (a ))]; same elevation but 23. iv – 5. v, 5 – 15. v, 15 – 25. v, 25. v – 4. vi, 4 – 14. vi, 15 – 25. vi, 5 – 15. vii. 2014 (22 females, CNC, ECAUG); 41 ° 51.351 ʹ N 46 ° 17.564 ʹ E, 847 m, 12 – 23. iv, 5 – 15. vii, 25. viii – 4. ix, 5 – 14. ix (15 females, CNC, ECAUG); 41 ° 52.288 ʹ N 46 ° 18.692 ʹ E, 1351 m, 5 – 14. ix. 2014 (1 female, ECAUG); 41 ° 52 ʹ 58 ” N 46 ° 19 ʹ 19 ” E, 1841 m, 5 – 15. viii. 2014 [2 females, UCRC (UCRC _ ENT 00436767, D 6044, Figure 2 (b – d )), UCRC _ ENT 00436768]. Slovakia: Banská Bystrica Region, Banská Štiavnica, viii. 1959, M. Čapek [1 female, NHMUK] (identified by J. S. Noyes in 1984 as Camptoptera sundholmi (Hedqvist) and then by Z. Bouček in 1986 as M. grangeri). Bratislava Region, Jurský Šúr [Nature Reserve], 48.23 ° N 17.21 ° E, 137 m, 31. vii – 4. viii. 2008 B. V. Brown, oak forest [1 female, UCRC]. Spain, ‘ El Ventorillo ’, 1 – 9. vii. 1988, Garrido [1 female, MNCN] (examined by S. V. Triapitsyn ix. 2002 during a visit to Kőszeg, Hungary, where it was at that time on loan to C. Thuróczy).	en	Triapitsyn, Serguei V., Dominguez, Chrysalyn, Huber, John T., Japoshvili, George, Heraty, John M. (2020): Morphological and molecular separation between Macrocamptoptera grangeri Soyka and M. metotarsa (Girault) (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Journal of Natural History 54 (9): 585-596, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1766143
03A4CF20FFDEDF7CFE15A1BFFBEEFA2A.taxon	description	Redescription Female (holotypes of M. grangeri and Herulia sundholmi and slide-mounted specimens from Belgium, Georgia and Slovakia). Body (Figures 1 (a), 2 (a )) dark brown to black (gaster a little lighter than head, mesosoma, and petiole); radicle yellowish brown, rest of scape entirely dark brown, pedicel brown, flagellum brown to dark brown; legs light brown to brown except femora dark brown and coxae dark brown to black. Head (Figure 3 (d )) a little narrower than mesosoma in dorsal view. Antenna (Figures 1 (c), 2 (b), 3 (a )) with proportions of scape minus radicle quite variable, 4.4 – 7.1 × as long as wide, a little shorter than clava, with faint longitudinal sculpture; pedicel shorter than F 1; F 2 from about as long as wide to a little longer than wide; F 3 the longest funicle segment, 1.2 – 2.0 × as long as pedicel; clava 3.3 – 3.7 × as long as wide (in lateral view), about as long as, or a little longer than, combined length of F 5 – F 7. Mesosoma (Figures 2 (c), 3 (b )) shorter than metasoma. Fore wing (Figures 2 (d), 3 (c )) longer than body, 7.9 – 10.1 × as long as wide; disc with a brown tinge almost throughout (particularly with a conspicuous infuscation at apex) except for a more or less hyaline subapical spot, with several incomplete, mostly interrupted rows of microtrichia and a few scattered microtrichia not arranged in rows (most in apical half of wing); the longest marginal seta 1.4 – 2.4 × maximum wing width. Hind wing (Figure 3 (c )) 16.9 – 18.9 × as long as wide, disc with a slight brown tinge throughout (more conspicuously so apically and with a small, more or less hyaline subapical spot) and mostly asetose except for an incomplete row of small mirotrichia along anterior margin and a complete row of small microtrichia along the posterior margin and a few microtrichia at apex and elsewhere; the longest marginal seta 3.1 – 4.3 × maximum wing width. Metasoma (Figures 2 (c), 3 (b )) with petiole apparently about as long as wide; ovipositor 0.3 – 0.5 × length of gaster and 0.4 – 0.8 × length of mesotibia, not exserted. Male unknown.	en	Triapitsyn, Serguei V., Dominguez, Chrysalyn, Huber, John T., Japoshvili, George, Heraty, John M. (2020): Morphological and molecular separation between Macrocamptoptera grangeri Soyka and M. metotarsa (Girault) (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Journal of Natural History 54 (9): 585-596, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1766143
03A4CF20FFDEDF7CFE15A1BFFBEEFA2A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Macrocamptoptera grangeri is very similar to M. metotarsa but scape of its female antenna is entirely dark brown (Figures 1 (a, c), 2 (a, b), 3 (a )) and with a relatively less reticulate, a more longitudinal sculpture whereas that of the bi-coloured scape of female antenna in M. metotarsa with a more conspicuous, cell-like sculpture (Figure 4 (b )). Otherwise, these two species are very difficult to distinguish morphologically, so they can be better separated by the genetic analyses of the COI barcpode and 28 s D 2 gene regions, as shown below.	en	Triapitsyn, Serguei V., Dominguez, Chrysalyn, Huber, John T., Japoshvili, George, Heraty, John M. (2020): Morphological and molecular separation between Macrocamptoptera grangeri Soyka and M. metotarsa (Girault) (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Journal of Natural History 54 (9): 585-596, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1766143
03A4CF20FFDEDF7CFE15A1BFFBEEFA2A.taxon	distribution	Distribution Western Palaearctic Region: Belgium (Huber and Lin 1999 [as M. sundholmi]; Triapitsyn 2012 [as M. metotarsa]), Bulgaria (Donev 1989 [as Rhila bulgarica]; Triapitsyn 2012 [as M. bulgarica]); Czech Republic (Samková et al. 2020 [as M. metotarsa]), France (Soyka 1961; Triapitsyn 2012), Georgia [new record], Italy (Triapitsyn 2012 [as M. bulgarica]), Slovakia [new record], Spain [new record], and Sweden (Hedqvist 1962 [as Herulia sundholmi]).	en	Triapitsyn, Serguei V., Dominguez, Chrysalyn, Huber, John T., Japoshvili, George, Heraty, John M. (2020): Morphological and molecular separation between Macrocamptoptera grangeri Soyka and M. metotarsa (Girault) (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Journal of Natural History 54 (9): 585-596, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1766143
03A4CF20FFDEDF7CFE15A1BFFBEEFA2A.taxon	discussion	Comments Both other nominal European species, originally described as Herulia sundholmi and Rhila bulgarica, were based on highly variable morphological characters, such as proportions of female antennal segments and fore wing length: width ratios, and thus cannot be separated from the earlier described M. grangeri with any confidence, hence the synonymies. Indeed, two similar (but slightly different morphologically in some of the aforementioned proportions and ratios) specimens from Mt. Kudigora, Lagodekhi Nature Reserve, Georgia listed above, UCRC _ ENT 00436765 (D 6042, Figure 2 (a )) and UCRC _ ENT 00436767 (D 6044, Figure 2 (b – d )), were initially identified as two different nominal species using the key in Triapitsyn (2012): the former as M. sundholmi (at that time incorrectly considered to be a synonym of the central and eastern Nearctic species M. metotarsa) and the latter as M. grangeri.	en	Triapitsyn, Serguei V., Dominguez, Chrysalyn, Huber, John T., Japoshvili, George, Heraty, John M. (2020): Morphological and molecular separation between Macrocamptoptera grangeri Soyka and M. metotarsa (Girault) (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Journal of Natural History 54 (9): 585-596, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1766143
03A4CF20FFD5DF7FFE05A212FC77FECA.taxon	description	(Figure 4)	en	Triapitsyn, Serguei V., Dominguez, Chrysalyn, Huber, John T., Japoshvili, George, Heraty, John M. (2020): Morphological and molecular separation between Macrocamptoptera grangeri Soyka and M. metotarsa (Girault) (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Journal of Natural History 54 (9): 585-596, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1766143
03A4CF20FFD5DF7FFE05A212FC77FECA.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Canada, Ontario, Rondeau Provincial Park, 16. viii – 18. ix. 1979 [1 female, NHMUK]. USA: North Carolina, Scotland County, Sandhills Game Lands, 36 ° 12 ʹ 03 ” N 78 ° 53 ʹ 13 ” W, 125 m, 5 – 19. iv. 2010, R. L. Blinn [1 female, CNC]. Ohio, Franklin County, Columbus, Kinnear Rd., 23 – 30. ix. 2003, N. F. Johnson [1 female, UCRC (UCRC _ ENT 00436769, D 6046, Figure 4 (a ))].	en	Triapitsyn, Serguei V., Dominguez, Chrysalyn, Huber, John T., Japoshvili, George, Heraty, John M. (2020): Morphological and molecular separation between Macrocamptoptera grangeri Soyka and M. metotarsa (Girault) (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Journal of Natural History 54 (9): 585-596, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1766143
03A4CF20FFD5DF7FFE05A212FC77FECA.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Female of this Nearctic species is characterised by its slender, bi-coloured antennal scape, which is mostly yellow or light brown, except apically brown or dark brown (Figure 4 (a, b )). See Triapitsyn (2012) for illustrated redescription and diagnosis (they were based on North American specimens of the true M. metotarsa only, even though at that time the species was erroneously considered to have a Holarctic distribution, but out of precaution the European specimens were not included in the redescription).	en	Triapitsyn, Serguei V., Dominguez, Chrysalyn, Huber, John T., Japoshvili, George, Heraty, John M. (2020): Morphological and molecular separation between Macrocamptoptera grangeri Soyka and M. metotarsa (Girault) (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Journal of Natural History 54 (9): 585-596, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1766143
03A4CF20FFD5DF7FFE05A212FC77FECA.taxon	distribution	Distribution Nearctic Region: Canada (Alberta, Ontario, Quebec) and USA (Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kansas, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, New Mexico, North Carolina, Ohio [new record], South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia) (Triapitsyn 2012).	en	Triapitsyn, Serguei V., Dominguez, Chrysalyn, Huber, John T., Japoshvili, George, Heraty, John M. (2020): Morphological and molecular separation between Macrocamptoptera grangeri Soyka and M. metotarsa (Girault) (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Journal of Natural History 54 (9): 585-596, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1766143
03A4CF20FFD6DF7FFE08A562FB52FADF.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined USA: Arizona, Graham Co., Mt. Graham campground, 2040 m, 32 ° 38.90 ʹ N 109 ° 49.03 ʹ W, 14 – 21. viii. 2015, M. E. Irwin [1 female, CNC]. California, San Diego Co., Camp Ole, Los Huecos Road, 32 ° 52 ʹ 53 ʹ ’ N 116 ° 25 ʹ 51 ʹ ’ W, 1750 m, 16 – 23. viii. 2011, V. Lopez [1 female, UCRC].	en	Triapitsyn, Serguei V., Dominguez, Chrysalyn, Huber, John T., Japoshvili, George, Heraty, John M. (2020): Morphological and molecular separation between Macrocamptoptera grangeri Soyka and M. metotarsa (Girault) (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Journal of Natural History 54 (9): 585-596, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1766143
03A4CF20FFD6DF7FFE08A562FB52FADF.taxon	distribution	Distribution Nearctic Region: USA (Arizona [new record], California and Oregon) (Triapitsyn 2012).	en	Triapitsyn, Serguei V., Dominguez, Chrysalyn, Huber, John T., Japoshvili, George, Heraty, John M. (2020): Morphological and molecular separation between Macrocamptoptera grangeri Soyka and M. metotarsa (Girault) (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Journal of Natural History 54 (9): 585-596, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1766143
03A4CF20FFD6DF7FFE08A562FB52FADF.taxon	discussion	Molecular analysis and a brief discussion Based on our combined molecular analysis there is high support of Macrocamptoptera grangeri and M. sundhomi to be genetically identical species (Figure 5). There were no sequence variations differences observed in the mitochondrial COI barcode and NJ regions as well as the ribosomal 18 S, 28 s D 2 regions (GenBank accessions for COI NJ MT 484336 – MT 484338, for COI Barcode MT 498837 – MT 498839, for 18 S MT 498691 – MT 498693, and for 28 S D 2 MT 498688 – MT 498690). Macrocamptoptera grangeri and M. sundhomi differed greatly from M. metotarsa by 62 base pairs (bp) in COI barcode, 27 bp in COI NJ, 5 bp in 18 S, and 30 bp in 28 s D 2 which corroborated their separation from the strictly Nearctic M. metotarsa. Thus, based on the presented morphological and high genetic variations found in mitochondrial COI barcode, COI NJ, and ribosomal 28 S D 2 region, only one species of Macrocamptopteraı M. grangeri, is currently recognised in the Palaearctic region, with M. sundholmi and M. bulgarica proposed herein as its synonyms.	en	Triapitsyn, Serguei V., Dominguez, Chrysalyn, Huber, John T., Japoshvili, George, Heraty, John M. (2020): Morphological and molecular separation between Macrocamptoptera grangeri Soyka and M. metotarsa (Girault) (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Journal of Natural History 54 (9): 585-596, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1766143
