taxonID	type	description	language	source
03A587B82A5A794B29B7D8EAF4FD2C8F.taxon	discussion	Remarks. All extant cicadas except the two Australian species of Tettigarcta White, 1845 are members of the family Cicadidae. Cicadidae are distinguished by the pronotum being smaller than the mesonotum, a distinctive cruciform elevation is present, fused fore wing anal veins 2 and 3, males generally with timbal organs and abdominal resonating chamber, tympana present in both sexes, male sternite VII shielded ventrally by the genitalia, and the male pygofer has basal lobes (Moulds 2005).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A5A794B29B7DFB5F5962E5D.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The Cicadinae can be distinguished by the dorsal midline of the metanotum entirely concealed by the mesonotum, fore wing cubitus posterior and anal vein 1 partially fused, hind wing radius posterior and median veins fused at their bases, male opercula not S-shaped nor with deeply concave lateral margins, males generally with abdominal timbal covers, the male pygofer with developed distal shoulder often extended into a pointed lobe, pygofer upper lobes generally absent (with a few exceptions in the Cryptotympanini Handlirsch, 1925), uncus retractable and of moderate length, claspers generally absent (a few present in the Dundubiini Distant, 1905 g that are spined apically), aedeagus without ventrobasal pocket, restrained by before or below uncus, apical theca lacking leaf-like lateral lobes (Moulds 2005; Marshall et al. 2018).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A5A794829B7DDE4F33028C5.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE GENUS. Zammara Amyot & Audinet-Serville 1843: 468.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A5A794829B7DDE4F33028C5.taxon	discussion	Remarks. These are the New World cicadas with ampliated lateral pronotal margins, hyaline fore wings and hind wings that are more or less spotted and possess a timbal cover that partially or entirely exposes the timbal. The distinguishing characteristics are a combination of hind coxae with a large inner protuberance, timbal covers that are reduced dorsally, a basal pygofer lobe that is usually bifurcate, an uncus that lacks a dorsal crest, and an aedeagus restrained by ventral apophyses (Marshall et al. 2018). The genera were recently assigned to one of two subtribes with the synonymy of the Dazini and the shape and size of the timbal covers (Sanborn 2018 a).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A59794829B7DABAF2F02B3A.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES. Zammara imbellis Walker 1858 a: 2. (Mexico)	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A59794829B7DABAF2F02B3A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The three tarsomeres and the median and anterior cubital veins arising separately from the basal cell distinguish Miranha from Zammara, a genus that is similar in appearance (Goemans 2010).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A59794829B7DABAF2F02B3A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The only known species of the genus has been reported from Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, and Panama (Metcalf 1963 a; Sanborn & Maes 2012; Maes et al. 2012; Sanborn 2013).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A59794829B7D83AF2B02D0D.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The bronzing and infuscation pattern of the fore wings is similar to Z. nigriplaga Walker, 1858 a. However, in M. imbellis the lateral pronotal shields are not as wide nor pointed, the lateral cruciform elevation is smoothly arched over the metanotum instead of elevated medially, timbal covers extend across the middle of the timbal rather than the lateral timbal, and the posterolateral portion of sternite VII in the female is not as long as the posterior extensions forming the notch.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A59794829B7D83AF2B02D0D.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species has been reported from Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, and Panama (Metcalf 1963 a; Sanborn & Maes 2012; Maes et al. 2012; Sanborn 2013). The species was collected at Fortuna, Province of Chiriquí, at 1050 m altitude in forest habitat (Wolda & Ramos 1992) in Panama.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A59794829B7DE34F2232EB3.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES. Tettigonia tympanum Fabricius 1803: 40. (Brazil)	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A59794829B7DE34F2232EB3.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Goemans (2016) has revised the genus recently.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A59794829B7DE34F2232EB3.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Species of the genus have been reported from Antigua, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Surinam, and Venezuela (Metcalf 1963 a; Duffels & van der Laan 1985; Sanborn 2011 a; 2011 b; 2013; 2014; Sanborn & Maes 2012; Maes et al. 2012; Sanborn & Heath 2014; Goemans 2016).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A59794829B7DDACF46C2FE7.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The species is distinguished by a circular, bicolored spot at the bifurcation of median veins 1 and 2 on the fore wing (Goemans 2016).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A59794829B7DDACF46C2FE7.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species is known from Venezuela and Panama (Goemans 2016). The Panamanian specimen was collected at Chiriqui (Goemans 2016).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A59794829B7DA6CF7E329BA.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This subtribe is represented by species that possess timbal covers of various shapes and sizes concealing different portions of the timbal.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A58794629B7DBDCF7F129C1.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This is one of the two small species of Zammara in Panama with a body length less than 30 mm. It can be distinguished from the other small species, Z. smaragdula Walker, 1858 b by the apical fore wing infuscation including parts of apical cells 1 – 3 and a large band of infuscation traversing the fore wings across the crossveins in Z. calochroma (Goemans 2016). The species is a rainy season cicada with emergences between mid-May and mid- October (Wolda 1989).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A58794629B7DBDCF7F129C1.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species has been reported from Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Mexico, Panama, and Venezuela (Metcalf 1963 a; Sanborn 2013; 2014; Goemans 2016). However, the records from Ecuador and Venezuela are considered erroneous identifications of Z. smaragdula Walker, 1858 b (Goemans 2016). The species has been reported in Panama from Barro Colorado Island, Panama Canal Zone, 120 m altitude in lowland forest (Wolda 1989; Wolda & Ramos 1992), at sea level at Miramar, Province of Bocas del Toro (Wolda & Ramos 1992), 12 km W. of Chiriqui Grande, Bocas del Toro Province, Barro Colorado Island, Saut, Dunham, and Pipieline Rd. K 1 – 12 (Goemans 2016).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A58794629B7DBDCF7F129C1.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. “ PANAMA: Darién Prov. / P. N. Darién Cerro Pirre / “ Campo Plastico ” 620 m / 7.9973 ° N, 77.7129 ° W / VI – 3 – 5 – 2015, E. Riley, UV // TAMU — ENTO / X 1230402 ” one female (TAMU); “ PANAMA: Darién Prov. / P. N. Darién Cerro Pirre / “ Campo Plastico ” 620 m / 7.9973 ° N, 77.7129 ° W / VI – 3 – 5 – 2015, E. Riley, UV // TAMU — ENTO / X 1230239 ” one male (TAMU); “ PANAMA: Darién Prov. / P. N. Darién Cerro Pirre / “ Campo Plastico ” 620 m / 7.9973 ° N, 77.7129 ° W / VI – 3 – 5 – 2015, E. Riley, UV // TAMU — ENTO / X 1228665 ” one male (AFSC); “ PANAMA: Darién Prov. / P. N. Darién Cerro Pirre / “ Campo Plastico ” 620 m / 7.9973 ° N, 77.7129 ° W / VI – 3 – 5 – 2015, E. Riley, UV // TAMU — ENTO / X 1229739 ” one male (TAMU); “ PANAMA: Darién Prov. / P. N. Darién Cerro Pirre / “ Campo Plastico ” 620 m / 7.9973 ° N, 77.7129 ° W / VI – 3 – 5 – 2015, E. Riley, UV // TAMU — ENTO / X 1229920 ” one male (TAMU); “ PANAMA: Darién Prov. / P. N. Darién Cerro Pirre / “ Campo Plastico ” 620 m / 7.9973 ° N, 77.7129 ° W / VI – 3 – 5 – 2015, E. Riley, UV // TAMU — ENTO / X 1229941 ” one male (TAMU); “ PANAMA: Darién Prov. / P. N. Darién Cerro Pirre / “ Campo Plastico ” 620 m / 7.9973 ° N, 77.7129 ° W / VI – 3 – 5 – 2015, E. Riley, UV // TAMU — ENTO / X 1230582 ” one male (TAMU); “ PANAMA: Darién Prov. / P. N. Darién Cerro Pirre / “ Campo Plastico ” 620 m / 7.9973 ° N, 77.7129 ° W / VI – 3 – 5 – 2015, E. Riley, UV // TAMU — ENTO / X 1231120 ” one male (TAMU); “ PANAMA: Darién Prov. / P. N. Darién Cerro Pirre / “ Campo Plastico ” 620 m / 7.9973 ° N, 77.7129 ° W / VI – 3 – 5 – 2015, E. Riley, UV // TAMU — ENTO / X 1229921 ” one female (TAMU); “ PANAMA: Darién Prov. / P. N. Darién Rancho / Frio Station, 90 m / 8.0198 ° N, 77.7322 ° W / VI – 1 – 9 – 2015, E. Riley, UV // TAMU — ENTO / X 1228228 ” one male (TAMU); “ PANAMA: Darién Prov. / P. N. Darién Rancho / Frio Station, 90 m / 8.0198 ° N, 77.7322 ° W / VI – 1 – 9 – 2015, E. Riley, UV // TAMU — ENTO / X 1230001 ” one female (TAMU); “ PANAMA: Darién Prov. / P. N. Darién Rancho / Frio Station, 90 m / 8.0198 ° N, 77.7322 ° W / VI – 1 – 9 – 2015, E. Riley, UV // TAMU — ENTO / X 1229972 ” one male (TAMU); “ PANAMA: Darién Prov. / P. N. Darién Rancho / Frio Station, 90 m / 8.0198 ° N, 77.7322 ° W / VI – 1 – 9 – 2015, E. Riley, UV // TAMU — ENTO / X 1229965 ” one male (TAMU); “ PANAMA: Darién Prov. / P. N. Darién Rancho / Frio Station, 90 m / 8.0198 ° N, 77.7322 ° W / VI – 1 – 9 – 2015, E. Riley, UV // TAMU — ENTO / X 1230043 ” one female (TAMU); “ PANAMA: Darién Prov. / P. N. Darién Rancho / Frio Station, 90 m / 8.0198 ° N, 77.7322 ° W / VI – 1 – 9 – 2015, E. Riley, UV // TAMU — ENTO / X 1229706 ” one female (TAMU); “ PANAMA: Darién Prov. / P. N. Darién Rancho / Frio Station, 90 m / 8.0198 ° N, 77.7322 ° W / VI – 1 – 9 – 2015, E. Riley, UV // TAMU — ENTO / X 1229433 ” one male (AFSC); “ PANAMA: Darién Prov. / P. N. Darién Rancho / Frio Station, 90 m / 8.0198 ° N, 77.7322 ° W / VI – 1 – 9 – 2015, E. Riley, UV // TAMU — ENTO / X 1229746 ” one male (TAMU); “ PANAMA: Darién Prov. / P. N. Darién Rancho / Frio Station, 90 m / 8.0198 ° N, 77.7322 ° W / VI – 1 – 9 – 2015, E. Riley, UV // TAMU — ENTO / X 1230561 ” one male (TAMU); “ PANAMA: Darién Prov. / P. N. Darién Rancho / Frio Station, 90 m / 8.0198 ° N, 77.7322 ° W / VI – 1 – 9 – 2015, E. Riley, UV // TAMU — ENTO / X 1229723 ” one female (AFSC); “ PANAMA: Darién Prov. / P. N. Darién Rancho / Frio Station, 90 m / 8.0198 ° N, 77.7322 ° W / VI – 1 – 9 – 2015, E. Riley, UV // TAMU — ENTO / X 1229532 ” one male (TAMU); “ PANAMA: Darién Prov. / P. N. Darién Rancho / Frio Station, 90 m / 8.0198 ° N, 77.7322 ° W / VI – 1 – 9 – 2015, E. Riley, UV // TAMU — ENTO / X 1229770 ” one female (TAMU); “ PANAMA: Darién Prov. / P. N. Darién Rancho / Frio Station, 90 m / 8.0198 ° N, 77.7322 ° W / VI – 1 – 9 – 2015, E. Riley, UV // TAMU — ENTO / X 1229214 ” one male (TAMU); “ PANAMA: Darién Prov. / P. N. Darién Rancho / Frio Station, 90 m / 8.0198 ° N, 77.7322 ° W / VI – 1 – 9 – 2015, E. Riley, UV // TAMU — ENTO / X 1229809 ” one male (TAMU); “ PANAMA: Darién Prov. / P. N. Darién Rancho / Frio Station, 90 m / 8.0198 ° N, 77.7322 ° W / VI – 1 – 9 – 2015, E. Riley, UV // TAMU — ENTO / X 1231042 ” one female (TAMU); “ PANAMA: Darién Prov. / P. N. Darién Rancho / Frio Station, 90 m / 8.0198 ° N, 77.7322 ° W / VI – 1 – 9 – 2015, E. Riley, UV // TAMU — ENTO / X 1230978 ” one male (TAMU); “ PANAMA: Darién Prov. / P. N. Darién Rancho / Frio Station, 90 m / 8.0198 ° N, 77.7322 ° W / VI – 1 – 9 – 2015, E. Riley, UV // TAMU — ENTO / X 1230127 ” one male (TAMU); “ PANAMA: Darién Prov. / P. N. Darién Rancho / Frio Station, 90 m / 8.0198 ° N, 77.7322 ° W / VI – 1 – 9 – 2015, E. Riley, UV // TAMU — ENTO / X 1229231 ” one male (TAMU); “ PANAMA Gamboa / 9.07 N 79.42 W / 18 Aug 1986 / C. Riley Nelson / malaise trap ” one male (AFSC); “ BCI / 5 July 1972 ” one male (AFSC).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A57794629B7D960F7202E7F.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Walker (1858 a) lists South America as the type locality but the type specimens has a label with “ Antioq ” probably referring to Antioquia, Colombia (Goemans 2016). Goemans (2016) identified the range of Z. tympanum as southeastern Brazil, eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina. The Central American and northern South American specimens reported as Z. tympanum were generally identified as misidentifications of Z. nigriplaga. Both species have bronzed fore wings and the lack of a type specimen for Z. tympanum may have led early authors to cite specimens as Z. tympanum. Subsequent authors including myself then perpetuated this concept of the species in Central America. Zammara nigriplaga can be distinguished by the bronze fore wings with infuscation on each vein separating apical cells and all crossveins. In addition, this is the only species of the genus to have infuscation in the hind wing (Goemans 2016).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A57794629B7D960F7202E7F.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species has been reported previously from Colombia and Ecuador (Metcalf 1963 a; Sanborn 2013). Goemans (2016) also lists specimens from several localities in Costa Rica along with specimens from Blowup 7 km N of Los Planes, Fortuna Dam area, La Fortuna, El Vivero (Casa Verde), Rte Gualaca — Fortuna PK 32, Hornito, in Chiriquí Province, 2 mi. N of the Divide on highway to Chiriqui Grande in Bocas del Toros Province, K 8 – 13 El Llano Carti Rd. in Colon Province, and Mindi River near Gatún, in the Canal Zone in Panama. Distant (1906) listed “ Antigua ” but this is probably a mistake for Antioq as Antigua is on the northern end of the Lesser Antilles and separated geographically from the remaining range of the species.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A57794629B7D960F7202E7F.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. “ PANAMA Chiriqui / Blow area nr. Hornito / 14 May 1999 / Wappes & Morris ” one female (UGCA); “ PANAMA: Panama / Cerro Jefe / 21 May 1996 / T. Turnbow ” one female (UGCA); “ Panama, Panama Prov. / E 1 Llano-Carti Rd. / km 10 – 13; 3 – 7 Jun 1984 // R. L Penrose, / F. T. Hovore & / P. H. Sullivan // LACM ENT 274742 ” one female (LACM); “ Panama, Panama Prov. / E 1 Llano-Carti Rd. / km 10 – 13; 3 – 7 Jun 1984 // R. L Penrose, / F. T. Hovore & / P. H. Sullivan // LACM ENT 274743 ” one female (LACM); “ Panama, Panama Prov. / E 1 Llano-Carti Rd. / km 10 – 13; 3 – 7 Jun 1984 // E. Giesbert, / R. L Penrose, / F. T. Hovore & / P. H. Sullivan // LACM ENT 274744 ” one female (LACM); “ PANAMA: Coclé, Rio Indio / Lodge, N. El Valle, / 18 to 20 – VIII – 2012 575 m / J. Heppner 4 ” one female (FSCA); “ PANAMÁ: Coclé / Cerro Gaital, / VI – 10 – 12 – 1985 / E. Riley & D. Rider ” two females (AFSC); “ PANAMÁ: Chiriquí / Fortuna, VI – 13 – / 15 – 1985, E. G. / Riley & D. Rider ” one male (AFSC).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A57794729B7DD85F6FA2CD5.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The species was originally described from Colombia. However, there were several possibilities as to where the type locality could be (Sanborn 2004). Goemans (2016) makes an argument that the specimens are mislabeled and actually originated from Providencia, Colon Province, Panama. All specimens examined since the species was described are reported from Panama near Providencia supporting this analysis. The unidentified species of Zammara in Wolda & Ramos (1992) is considered Z. olivacea as it and Z. smaragdina were reported at that locality in the list of specimens provided by the STRI and in Goemans (2016) with Z. smaragdina being well known to the authors and Z. olivacea was yet to be described. The species can be distinguished by the almost continuous band of infuscation along the crossveins between ulnar cell 1 and apical cell 8 along with the clear spot on distal ulnar cell 1 (Goemans 2016). This species was collected at lower altitude than the sites where Z. calochroma and Z. smaragdina were collected (Wolda & Ramos 1992).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A57794729B7DD85F6FA2CD5.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species has been reported previously from Colombia (Sanborn 2013) and Panama (Goemans 2016). Wolda & Ramos (1992) reported the species from Corriente Grande, Province of Bocas del Toro at 100 m altitude in the forest along the Changuinola River as an undetermined species of Zammara. Goemans (2016) lists specimens from Barro Colorado Island, Pipeline Road Rio Agua Salud, Canal Zone, in Colon Province, Parque Nacional Soberaria, Pipeline Rd 2 km W Gamboa, Pipeline Rd. K 1 – 12 in Panama Province, and Cerro Campana in Panama.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A57794729B7DD85F6FA2CD5.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. “ Providencia, Colombia / 3 – 5 – 71 / J. M. Thompson // Homoptera / Cicadidae // Zammara / olivacea Sanborn / Paratype ” one male (AFSC); “ PANAMA: Coclé, Rio Indio / Lodge, N. El Valle, / 18 to 20 – VIII – 2012 575 m / J. Heppner 4 ” one male and one female (FSCA); “ PANAMA: Coclé / Cerro La Vieja Lodge / Chiruigi Arriba 410 m / J. Heppner 4 – 8 Aug 2008 ” one female (FSCA); Panama, Panama Prov., Canal Zone, BCI, 9.1667 - 79.8333, 7 – Jul – 83, Henk Wolda, STRI _ ENT _ 0 0 0 0 394 (STRI); Panama, Panama Prov., Canal Zone, BCI, 9.1667 - 79.8333, 14 – Sep – 73, Henk Wolda, STRI _ ENT _ 0 0 0 0 395 (STRI); Panama, Panama Prov., Canal Zone, BCI, 9.1667 - 79.8333, 29 – Jun – 74, Henk Wolda, STRI _ ENT _ 0 0 0 0 396 (STRI); Panama, Panama Prov., Canal Zone, BCI, 9.1667 - 79.8333, 5 – Jul – 72, STRI _ ENT _ 0 0 0 0 397 (STRI); Panama, Panama Prov., Canal Zone, BCI, Lab Clearing, 9.1634 - 79.8382, 2 – Jun – 72, R. H. Pine, STRI _ ENT _ 0 0 0 0 398 (STRI); Panama, Panama Prov., Canal Zone, BCI, 9.1667 - 79.8333, 11 – Jul – 72, STRI _ ENT _ 0 0 0 0 399 (STRI); Panama, Panama Prov., Canal Zone, BCI, 9.1667 - 79.8333, 11 – Jul – 72, STRI _ ENT _ 0 0 0 0 400 (STRI); Panama, Panama Prov., Canal Zone, BCI, 9.1667 - 79.8333, 20 – Jun – 72, STRI _ ENT _ 0 0 0 0 401 (STRI); Panama, Panama Prov., Canal Zone, BCI, 9.1667 - 79.8333, 5 – Jul – 72, Henk Wolda, STRI _ ENT _ 0 0 0 0 402 (STRI); Panama, Panama Prov., Canal Zone, BCI, Lab Clearing, 9.1634 - 79.8382, 1 – Jul – 72, R. H. Pine, STRI _ ENT _ 0 0 0 0 403 (STRI); Panama, Bocas del Toro Prov., Corriente Grande, Corriente Grande, 9.2917 - 82.5447, 16 – Dec – 79, Henk Wolda, STRI _ ENT _ 0 0 0 0 436 (STRI); Panama, Panama Prov., Canal Zone, BCI, AVA, 9.151 - 79.858, 1 – Jun – 72, STRI _ ENT _ 0 0 0 0 437 (STRI); Panama, Bocas del Toro Prov., Corriente Grande, Corriente Grande, 9.2917 - 82.5447, 16 – Dec – 72, Henk Wolda, STRI _ ENT _ 0 0 0 0 438 (STRI).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A56794429B7DE5CF6E32A71.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This is the largest of the Panamanian Zammara species with male body lengths as long as 38 mm (females are smaller with body lengths less than 30 mm in many cases). The species can be distinguished by bronzing being restricted to the proximal half of the fore wings, the sinusoidal median crossvein, and apical infuscation of apical cells 1 connecting across apical cell 2 and apical cell 3 to infuscation on distal radius posterior and median vein 1 roughly forming an E-shape on the fore wing apex (Goemans 2016).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A56794429B7DE5CF6E32A71.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species has been recorded from Belize, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, and Venezuela (Metcalf 1963 a; Duffels & van der Laan 1985; Sanborn & Maes 2012; Maes et al. 2012; Sanborn 2013; 2014; Goemans 2016). The species has been reported from Volcan de Chiriqui (Distant 1881), Las Cumbres, Province of Panama, 150 m altitude in secondary growth forest (Wolda & Ramos 1992), Chiriquí, Bugaba, Chiriquí Province, Barro Colorado Island, Canal Zone, San Lorenzo Forest, K 8 – 13 El Llano Carti Rd., Rte de El Llano á Carti Km 16, Santa Rita Ridge, and 7 – 11 km El Llano Carti Rd in Colon Province (Goemans 2016) in Panama.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A56794429B7DE5CF6E32A71.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. “ PANAMA: Darién Prov. / P. N. Darién Cerro Pirre / “ Campo Plastico ” 620 m / 7.9973 ° N, 77.7129 ° W / VI – 3 – 5 – 2015, E. Riley, UV // TAMU — ENTO / X 1229964 ” one female (TAMU); “ PANAMA: Darién Prov. / P. N. Darién Cerro Pirre / “ Campo Plastico ” 620 m / 7.9973 ° N, 77.7129 ° W / VI – 3 – 5 – 2015, E. Riley, UV // TAMU — ENTO / X 1229740 ” one male (TAMU); “ PANAMA: Darién Prov. / P. N. Darién Cerro Pirre / “ Campo Plastico ” 620 m / 7.9973 ° N, 77.7129 ° W / VI – 3 – 5 – 2015, E. Riley, UV // TAMU — ENTO / X 1229761 ” one male (TAMU); “ PANAMA: Darién Prov. / P. N. Darién Cerro Pirre / “ Campo Plastico ” 620 m / 7.9973 ° N, 77.7129 ° W / VI – 3 – 5 – 2015, E. Riley, UV // TAMU — ENTO / X 1230307 ” one female (TAMU); “ PANAMA: Darién Prov. / P. N. Darién Cerro Pirre / “ Campo Plastico ” 620 m / 7.9973 ° N, 77.7129 ° W / VI – 3 – 5 – 2015, E. Riley, UV // TAMU — ENTO / X 1228466 ” one female (TAMU); “ PANAMA: Darién Prov. / P. N. Darién Cerro Pirre / “ Campo Plastico ” 620 m / 7.9973 ° N, 77.7129 ° W / VI – 3 – 5 – 2015, E. Riley, UV // TAMU — ENTO / X 1230018 ” one female (TAMU); “ PANAMA: Colón / Sierra Llorona Lodge 225 m / Cerro Sta. Rita 2 – 3 Aug 2008 / J. B. Heppner ” one female (FSCA); “ PANAMA: Colon / Piña, 100 m / 4 – 28 – 1971 / H. L. King ” one male (FSCA); “ PANAMA: Colon / Piña, 100 m / 4 – 27 – 1971 / H. L. King ” one female (FSCA); “ PANAMÁ: Coclé, / El Valle, VI – / 10 – 13 – 1985 E. / Riley & D. Rider ” one male (AFSC); “ PANAMA, San Blas Pr. / Nusagandi / 28 may (sic) ’ 95 Caven ” one male (AFSC); “ PANAMA: Panama / Parq. Nac. Soberaria / Pipeline Rd 2 km W Gamboa / VI- 9 – 10 - 1993 / B. Ratcliffe & M. Jameson ” one male (AFSC); “ PANAMA: Cerro Jefe / V – 30 – 1986 / B. C. Ratcliffe. ” one male (AFSC).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A55794529B7D9F0F5A62975.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This is other of the two small species of Zammara in Panama with a body length less than 30 mm. It can be distinguished from the other small species, Z. calochroma (and small females of Z. smaragdina), by the apical fore wing infuscation only in apical cell 1 and the absence of a large band of infuscation traversing the fore wings across the crossveins in Z. smaragdula (Goemans 2016).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A55794529B7D9F0F5A62975.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species has been reported from Brazil, Costa Rica, Colombia, Guatemala, Mexico, and Panama (Metcalf 1963 a; Duffels & van der Laan 1985; Maccagnan et al. 2011; Sanborn 2013; 2014; Goemans 2016). Goemans (2016) added Ecuador and Venezuela by showing specimens previously described as Z. calochroma were actually Z. smaragdula. It has been recorded from Barro Colorado Island (Bartholomew & Barnhart 1984; Goemans 2016), 12 km W of Chiriqui Grande in Bocas del Toro Province, Black Tank Rd. W of Gatun Locks, Coco Solo Hospital, Skunk Hollow, Skunk Hollow 6 mi NW Gatun Locks, Ft. Sherman area, Ft. Clayton, Canal Zone in Colon Province, Santiago in Veraguas Province, Las Cumbres, Arraijan, Cocoli, Panama City, Parque Nacional Soberania Pipeline Road km 2 W of Gamboa, Pipeline Rd K 1 - 12, 7 - 11 km El Llano-Carti Rd., Pipeline Road Rio Frijoles, and 13 Km E Bayano Bridge, Pan American Highway (Goemans 2016) in Panama.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A55794529B7D9F0F5A62975.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. “ PANAMA: Colon Prov. / Colon, mv & bl / 16 May 1991 / R. Turnbow ” one male (UGCA); “ PANAMA Pnm Prv / Pipeline Rd K 1 – 12 / 8 – 9 – VII – 1997 / Wappes & Morris ” one female (UGCA); “ Canal Zone / Pan. IX – 12 – 1958 // Barro Colorado Isl. / Gatun Lake // Charles F. Harbison / Collector // SDNHM / COLLECTION / DATABASE / SDNHM 094783 ” one male (SDMC); “ Canal Zone / Pan. IX – 12 – 1958 // Barro Colorado Isl. / Gatun Lake // Charles F. Harbison / Collector // SDNHM / COLLECTION / DATABASE / SDNHM 094782 ” one male (SDMC); “ Las Cumbres / Panama Prov. R. P. / 25 Aug 1968 ” one male and one female (AFSC); “ PANAMA: CANAL ZONE / Gameda, up Pipeline / Rd., 5 km. 20 – IX – 1982 / D. Habeck, C. Bennett, / W. Flowers, Blacklight / & Mercury Vapor Light ” two males (AFSC); “ F 6 Rd / CZ ” one male (AFSC); “ PANAMA: Panama / Parq. Nac. Soberaria / Pipeline Rd 2 km W Gamboa / VI- 9 – 10 - 1993 / B. Ratcliffe & M. Jameson ” one male and one female (AFSC); “ Madden / Dam, C. Z. / 7 July 1972 ” one female (AFSC); “ PANAMA Gamboa / 9 August 1986 / C. Riley Nelson / malaise trap ” one male (AFSC); “ PANAMA Gamboa / 22 August 1986 / C. Riley Nelson / malaise trap ” one female (AFSC); “ Fort Clayton / Canal Zone / Sep. 10 1945 / R. H. Arnett / at light ” one male and one female (AFSC); “ PANAMA: Canal Zone / Barro Colorado Island / 22 – 27 July 2001 / J. V. McHugh, S. Suh & / M. Blackwell, at UV light ” one male (AFSC); “ Chares R. CZ 9 – 20 1945 / George Ryan ” one male and one female (AFSC); “ PANAMÁ: Coclé, / El Valle, VI – / 10 – 13 – 1985 E. / Riley & D. Rider ” one female (AFSC); “ Panama C. Z. / Fort Kobbe / 10 Aug ’ 84 // Col. / H. P. Stockwell ” one male (AFSC); “ PANAMA: Colón Prov. / 2 km S Sabanitas / 26 – 27. vii. 1999, el. 120 m / Taken at light / 9 o 19 ’ 19 ” N 79 o 47 ’ 54 ” W / A. Gillogly, J. Schaffner ” one female (AFSC); “ Barro Colorado I / PANAMA / VII – 28 – 1981 / RB & LS Kimsey ” one female (AFSC); “ Barro Colorado I / PANAMA / VII – 24 – 1981 / RB & LS Kimsey ” one female (AFSC); “ Barro Colorado I / PANAMA / VI – 22 – 1981 / RB & LS Kimsey ” one female (AFSC); “ PANAMA: Barro / Colorado Island / July, 2000 / Fred SaintOurs ” one male (AFSC); “ Barro Colorado / Is., Canal Zone / 7 – 15 – 51 / M. J. & L. J. Milne ” one male (AFSC); “ PANAMA CANAL ZONE / Barro Colorado I. / 4 August 1977 / G. A. Bartholomew ” one male (AFSC); Panama, Bocas del Toro Prov., Corriente Grande, Corriente Grande, 9.2917 - 82.5447, 16 – Dec – 79, Henk Wolda, STRI _ ENT _ 0 0 0 0 436 (STRI); Panama, Canopy, 1 – Jul – 79, Broadhead, STRI _ ENT _ 0 0 0 0 424 (STRI); Panama, Canopy, 1 – Jul – 79, Broadhead, STRI _ ENT _ 0 0 0 0 425 (STRI).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A54794529B7DAF1F78E2A8F.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE GENUS. Daza Distant 1905 c: 480.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A54794529B7DAF1F78E2A8F.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The subtribe was formed with the synonymy of the Dazini into the Zammarini (Sanborn 2018 a). It is represented by species that possess timbal covers that are very reduced in size and form a curled ridge along the posterior timbal cavity.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A54794529B7DF9CF5802E7B.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This is the only dark brown species of Procollina to be found in Panama. The fore wings of this species are darkly bronzed with macular infuscation along the nodal line, ulnar and marginal veins. Body length of the holotype is 32 mm with a wingspan of 85 mm (Distant 1903).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A54794529B7DF9CF5802E7B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species has been reported previously from Costa Rica and Panama (Metcalf 1963 c; Duffels & van der Laan 1985; Sanborn 2013; 2014; 2018 a). The species was collected at Fortuna, Province of Chiriquí, at 1050 m altitude in forest habitat (Wolda & Ramos 1992) in Panama.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A54794529B7D9B5F5E42C95.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES. Odopoea biolleyi Distant 1903: 526. (Costa Rica)	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A54794529B7D9B5F5E42C95.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The genus was recently redescribed and the species diversity expanded significantly (Sanborn 2018 a). Their laterally expanded pronotum and curled timbal covers on the posterior timbal cavity can distinguish species of Procollina.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A54794529B7D9B5F5E42C95.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Species of this genus are generally found at altitude (Sanborn 2018 a). The genus is restricted to Mexico and Central America with records from Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua and Panama (Metcalf 1963 c; Duffels & van der Laan 1985; Sanborn 2013; 2014; 2018 a).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A54794129B7DDF0F32F2B5D.taxon	description	(Fig. 1)	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A54794129B7DDF0F32F2B5D.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype. “ PANAMA: Chiriqui Prov. / Reserva La Fotuna / Estac. Biológ. el. 3900 ft. / 08 ° 43 ’ 18 ” N, 82 ° 14 ’ 17 ” W / at light, 4 – 8 – VIII – 1 999 / A. Gillogly & J. B. Woolley // TAMU-ENTO / X 0431367 ” one male (TAMU). Paratypes. “ PANAMA: Chiriqui Prov. / Reserva La Fotuna / Estac. Biológ. el. 3900 ft. / 08 ° 43 ’ 18 ” N, 82 ° 14 ’ 17 ” W / at light, 4 – 8 – VIII – 1 999 / A. Gillogly & J. B. Woolley // TAMU-ENTO / X 0433259 ” one male (TAMU); “ PANAMA: Chiriqui Prov. / Reserva La Fotuna / Estac. Biológ. el. 3900 ft. / 08 ° 43 ’ 18 ” N, 82 ° 14 ’ 17 ” W / at light, 4 – 8 – VIII – 1999 / A. Gillogly & J. B. Woolley // TAMU-ENTO / X 0431382 ” one male (TAMU); “ PANAMA: Chiriqui Prov. / Reserva La Fotuna / Estac. Biológ. el. 3900 ft. / 08 ° 43 ’ 18 ” N, 82 ° 14 ’ 17 ” W / at light, 4 – 8 – VIII – 1999 / A. Gillogly & J. B. Woolley // TAMU-ENTO / X 0369933 ” one female (TAMU); “ PANAMA: Chiriqui Prov. / Reserva La Fotuna / Estac. Biológ. el. 3900 ft. / 08 ° 43 ’ 18 ” N, 82 ° 14 ’ 17 ” W / at light, 4 – 8 – VIII – 1999 / A. Gillogly & J. B. Woolley // TAMU-ENTO / X 0369902 ” one female (TAMU); “ PANAMA: Chiriqui Prov. / Reserva La Fotuna / Estac. Biológ. el. 3900 ft. / 08 ° 43 ’ 18 ” N, 82 ° 14 ’ 17 ” W / at light, 4 – 8 – VIII – 1999 / A. Gillogly & J. B. Woolley ” one male and two females (AFSC); “ PANAMA: Chiriqui Pr. / Reserva La Fotuna / Estacion Biologica / at light. Elev. 1150 m. / June 25 – 28, 1996 / Gillogly & Schaffner ” one female (AFSC); “ PANAMÁ: Chiriquí / Fotuna, VI – 13 – / 15 – 1985 E. G. / Riley & D. Rider ” one male (AFSC); “ PANAMA: Chiriqui Prv / 7 k S Fotuna Dam / 15 – 17 May 1996 / Wappes Huether & Morris ” one female (FSCA); “ PANAMA: Chiriqui Prv / Finca Suiza nr Hornito / 1 – 4 – VII – 1997 / Wappes & Morris ” one female (AFSC); “ PANAMA: Chiriqui / 4.7 km N Valle de las / Minas, 8 July 1997 / R. Turnbow ” one male (AFSC). OTHER MATERIAL. The STRI website (http: // biogeodb. stri. si. edu / bioinformatics / dfm / metas / search? stxt = mura + elegantula & type = All) has an image of a specimen identified as Mura elegantula Distant, 1905 a. This specimen is reported to be from Fortuna Dam, 8.7333 ° N 81.75 ° W, Chiriqui Province. The infuscation in the fore wing and the lateral expansion of the pronotum eliminate M. elegantula as the correct identification of this specimen.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A54794129B7DDF0F32F2B5D.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name is a combination of quadri – (L. quattuor, four) and – maculata (L. spotted) and is in reference to the four spots of infuscation on the crossveins and apex of the fore wings.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A54794129B7DDF0F32F2B5D.taxon	description	Description. Ground color of head and thorax testaceous marked with piceous and fuscous, abdomen tawny. Testaceous in head and thorax may be green in fresh specimens based on the distribution of green in the paratypes. Head. Head wider than mesonotum, testaceous with transverse band across vertex from anterior to eye and lateral supra-antennal plate extending to lateral ocelli expanding to enclose the ocelli, longitudinal extension on either side of fascia lateral to lateral ocelli in anterior cranial depression, head greenish posterior to fascia, fascia reduced laterally in some paratypes, supra-antennal plates with piceous anterior margin, transverse mark castaneous laterally and anteriorly and piceous medially in holotype, all piceous in some paratypes, reduced in size in one paratype. Piceous drop-shaped mark extending from posteromedial eye, posterior cranial depression piceous. Sparse piceous pile on dorsal head, long golden pile posterior to eye. Ocelli rosaceous, greenish in some paratypes, eyes castaneous, tawny in some paratypes. Ventral head testaceous, piceous spot on medial gena at junction with anterior lorum, piceous spot on medial lorum and at junction with postclypeus and anteclypeus, marks in lorum expand and fuse in some paratypes, lorum completely piceous in some paratypes. Some white pubescence and sparse, long silvery pile on ventral head. Postclypeus testaceous with transverse piceous mark across apex expanding laterally, castaneous fascia extending onto ventral postclypeus angled toward midline giving the appearance of an incomplete V, ventral side flattened laterally and centrally with thin carina, dorsal surface testaceous with transverse piceous frontoclypeal suture. Postclypeus with seven transverse grooves, short, silvery pile on lateral postclypeus. Anteclypeus testaceous with castaneous spot in center. Rostrum testaceous with piceous tip reaching to anterior of hind trochanters, middle of sternite II in females, with long golden pile, denser on tip. Scape greenish testaceous except piceous annular mark on distal scape, dorsal and distal half of pedicel, all but distal tip of first flagellar segment and band around proximal second flagellar segment that are piceous. Thorax. Dorsal thorax testaceous with variable greenish areas to mostly green in different specimens. Pronotum with triangular piceous marks on either side of anterior midline, short, transverse mark across midline anterior to ambient fissure, extending onto anterior pronotal collar in some paratypes, castaneous mark in anterior paramedian fissure, curved castaneous mark on disk between median paramedian fissure toward posterior lateral fissure, piceous in lateral fissure extending to ambient fissure surrounding lateral disk, mark extends onto anteromedial region of pronotal collar anterior angle, entire ambient fissure piceous in some paratypes. Sparse piceous pile on pronotum, denser in anterior paramedian fissure, short silvery pile in anterior lateral fissure. Pronotal collar testaceous, greenish regions in some paratypes, completely green in one paratype. Mesonotum greenish testaceous, submedian sigillae fuscous, fuscous mark in lateral and posterior lateral sigillae incomplete centrally, elongated triangular piceous mark between anterior submedian and lateral sigillae, rectangular fuscous mark on midline of disk posterior to submedian sigillae with posterolateral extension fusing to fuscous triangular marks anterior to anterior arms of cruciform elevation, mark expanded to cover majority of disk including scutal depressions or reduced in some paratypes, scutal depression fuscous, fuscous mark on posterior to anterior arm of cruciform elevation, cruciform elevation testaceous, anterior arms greenish, completely green in one paratype, darker medially on X in some paratypes, wing groove greenish ochraceous with longitudinal piceous mark on medial margin near anterior and piceous spot on lateral anterior margin, short piceous pile within wing groove. Metanotum testaceous with piceous anterior spot. Silvery pile between anterior arms of cruciform elevation, short, piceous pile on posterior mesonotum. Ventral thoracic segments testaceous, green in some paratypes, light castaneous marks on lateral anepisternum 2, katepisternum 2, basisternum 2, and medial episternum 3, with white pubescence and sparse, long silvery pile. Wings. Fore wings and hind wings hyaline with eight and six apical cells respectively. Venation testaceous, green in some paratypes, becoming darker distally, cubitus posterior + anal vein 1 red, posterior anal vein 2 + 3 with piceous posterior margin. Basal cell clear. Pterostigma present. Infuscation on base of radius anterior 2 extending across radial crossvein, radiomedial crossvein, and medial crossvein, small infuscation on proximal basal cell, arculus with light infuscation on distal cubitus anterior 2, reduced or absent in some paratypes. Basal membrane of fore wing white anteriorly, gray posteriorly. Venation of hind wing testaceous, with except greenish median vein, becoming darker distally. Anal cell 3 and anal cell 2 along anal vein 3 gray, anal cell 1 and 2 along anal vein 2 gray. Legs. Legs testaceous, green in some paratypes, with fuscous spots on lateral base of coxa, fuscous distal coxae, proximal, anterior and distal trochanters, anterior and distal femora, fuscous spot on proximal tibiae, distal half of tibiae castaneous, and distal end of tibiae fuscous. Fore femora with fuscous along spines, proximal spine absent, secondary spine triangular, angled, with piceous tip, small apical spine angled more than secondary spine. Tarsi and tarsal claws fuscous, darker distally, tibial spurs and comb castaneous. Operculum. Male operculum with lateral margin slightly curved, smoothly rounded posterolateral margin, curved posterior margin, reaching to anterior of sternite II, testaceous with fuscous around base of meracanthus and small fuscous mark on lateral base, covered with white pubescence, greenish or greenish ochraceous in some paratypes. Medial margin rounded, extending beyond middle of hind coxa. Meracanthus pointed, testaceous with fuscous base, not reaching to middle of operculum, with sparse white pubescence. Female operculum similarly shaped and colored to male but medial margin only reaches to middle of meracanthus, reaching to middle of sternite II. Female meracanthus almost as long as operculum, similar coloration and pubescence to male. Abdomen. Tergites tawny with green posterior margin, tergite 8 with piceous posterior margin, lateral tergite 1 and tergite 2 on medial timbal cavity fuscous, covered with piceous pile along dorsal midline and angling across dorsolateral regions of tergites 3 – 7, dorsolateral tergite 2, and on lateral tergites 3 – 4, silvery pile on lateral tergites 1 – 2, dorsolateral tergite 3, posterior dorsolateral and posterolateral tergite 4, dorsolateral tergite 5, dorsolateral and posterolateral tergites 6 – 7, and dorsolateral tergite 8, thicker in paratypes, silvery pile appears as two chevrons across dorsal abdomen in specimens where majority of pile remains. Timbal cover recurved, testaceous exposing timbal, short silvery pile radiating from timbal cover. Timbal with three long and one intercalary ribs, dark spot on timbal plate. Female abdominal segment 9 castaneous dorsolaterally, ventrolaterally and spot anterior to ventroposterior angle, caudal beak tawny, piceous pile dorsally, silvery pile laterally and ventrolaterally, with long, golden pile, very dense on posteroventral angle. Posterior margin of abdominal segment 9 sinuate. Sternites and epipleurites tawny, transverse castaneous fascia near posterior margin of sternites II – VII, mark smaller in females except dark transverse mark on anterior and posterior margin including notch on sternite VII, male sternites III – VII translucent, sternite VIII broad U-shape radiating long silvery pile. Female sternite VII with sinuate posterior margin and medial notch, light castaneous spot laterally. Spiracles white. Genitalia. Male pygofer tawny, lighter dorsally and ventrally, covered with long, radiating silvery pile laterally, short piceous pile dorsally, rounded distal shoulder angled medially, dorsal beak broadly triangular. Pygofer basal lobe indistinct, pygofer upper lobes with fuscous tips, elongated with center depressed along its length and medial bend at two-thirds its length, adpressed to pygofer with rounded terminus. Anal styles piceous, anal tube gray surrounded by castaneous. Median uncus lobe ochraceous with castaneous base. Lateral branch of uncus ochraceous, medial castaneous mark on midline and posterior margin, wrapping around sides of median uncus lobe and meeting along midline posterior to median uncus lobe, recurved laterally forming an approximately triangular notch in lateral view with rounded terminus forming a V-shaped notch on posterior midline, basal lateral uncus lobes rounded forming a support around base of aedeagus. Aedeagus tubular, dark castaneous. Female gonapophysis VIII tawny, gonapophysis IX castaneous. Gonocoxite X piceous extending past dorsal beak with radiating golden pile. Anal styles dark tawny extending to level of the dorsal beak. Measurements (mm). N = 8 males or 7 females, mean (range). Length of body: males 19.21 (17.2 – 20.9), females 17.71 (16.2 – 18.9); length of fore wing: males 27.10 (25.5 – 28.1), females 25.57 (24.0 – 27.6); width of fore wing: males 9.00 (8.4 – 9.6), females 8.56 (8.1 – 8.8); length of head: males 2.56 (2.2 – 2.8), females 2.53 (2.4 – 2.7); width of head including eyes: males 6.18 (5.9 – 6.5), females 5.85 (5.6 – 6.2); width of pronotum including suprahumeral plates: males 7.09 (6.7 – 7.4), females 6.69 (6.3 – 7.0); width of mesonotum: males 5.84 (5.4 – 6.3), females 5.43 (5.1 – 5.7).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A54794129B7DDF0F32F2B5D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The only other species of Procollina to have a head as wide as or wider than the mesonotum are P. parva Sanborn, 2018 a and P. stigmosa n. sp. Procollina quadrimaculata n. sp. can be distinguished from P. parva by the lack of infuscation in the fore wings along the distal veins between apical cells 2 - 8 that extend onto the ambient vein, on the node, on the medial and mediocubital crossveins, on the nodal line intersections of median vein 1 + 2 and median vein 3 + 4, and on cubitus anterior 2, the less angulate lateral pronotum, the lack of marking on the anterior lateral part of the pronotal collar, the lack of a primary spine on the fore femora, the male operculum being smoothly rounded rather than triangular, and the depression in the lateral branch of the uncus is semi-circular when viewed from the side rather than triangular as it is in the new species. It can be distinguished from the other Panamanian species by the heavily bronzed fore wings with multiple small spots of infuscation on the veins in P. biolleyi and by the larger body size (greater than 24 mm in males and 21 mm in females), the infuscation in the fore wings that expands into the wing cells, the more translucent male abdomen, the posterior margin of the male operculum is transversely oriented until close to the medial margin rather having a curved posterior margin, and the uncus is curved rather than straight when viewed from the side in P. stigmosa n. sp.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A54794129B7DDF0F32F2B5D.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species is known only from the type series collected in Chiriqui Province, Panama.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A50795C29B7D8E4F2712D45.taxon	description	(Fig. 2)	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A50795C29B7D8E4F2712D45.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype. “ PANAMA: Bocas / del Toro Prov. / Pipeline Rd.: 1700 ’ / 14 - V- 1993 – Light / RW Flowers ” male (FSCA). Paratypes. Same data as holotype, two females (FSCA), one male and one female (AFSC); “ PANAMA: Veragues Prov. / Santa Fe, Alto Piedra / 16 to 17 - VI- 2011 850 m / J. Heppner ” one female (FSCA); “ PANAMA: B. D. Toro / 2.8 rd. mi. N from / Continental Divide / V- 27 - 1993, UV light / A. Gillogly & E. Riley ” two females (TAMU), two females (AFSC).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A50795C29B7D8E4F2712D45.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name stigmosa (L. full of marks) is in reference to the infuscation of the fore wings and markings on the body.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A50795C29B7D8E4F2712D45.taxon	description	Description. Ground color of head and thorax tawny marked with piceous and castaneous, abdomen castaneous and tawny. Tawny is replaced with greenish tawny in some paratypes, suggesting tawny areas are probably green in fresh specimens. Head. Head wider than mesonotum, tawny, greenish tawny in some paratypes, with transverse piceous band across vertex from anterior to eye extending in a Z-shaped pattern lateral to lateral ocelli and through lateral ocelli, posterior extension into anterior cranial depression and opposing anterior extension, additional spot near posterior margin at level of posterior extension in some paratypes, mark extends anteriorly on midline to enclose median ocellus with lines extending from corners of extension toward piceous supra-antennal plates, transverse mark castaneous laterally and anteriorly and piceous medially in one paratype and reduced in size in another paratype. Piceous drop-shaped mark extending from posteromedial eye, dark castaneous mark posterior to eye. Long golden pile posterior to eye. Ocelli rosaceous, eyes castaneous, tawny in some paratypes. Ventral head tawny, castaneous mark on medial lorum at junction with postclypeus and anteclypeus, medial lorum darker in some paratypes. White pubescence and long golden pile on ventral head. Postclypeus tawny with castaneous lateral margin, ventral side flattened laterally and centrally with thin carina, dorsal surface castaneous. Postclypeus with seven transverse grooves, white pubescence on lateral postclypeus. Anteclypeus tawny with castaneous spot in center, covered with white pubescence. Rostrum tawny with piceous tip reaching to middle of hind trochanters and middle of sternite II with long golden pile on tip. Scape tawny, remaining antennal segments piceous. Thorax. Dorsal thorax tawny, green or greenish tawny in some paratypes. Pronotum with longitudinal piceous fascia on either side of midline expanding laterally on anterior and posterior ends, fusing with transverse line in anterior fissure and transverse mark in posterior ambient fissure that expands onto pronotal collar, piceous within fissures except medial terminus of paramedian fissure and posterior ambient fissure between fascia on either side of midline and extension from posterior lateral fissures, mark in paramedian fissure extends posteriorly into comma shaped mark turned laterad on disk between paramedian and lateral fissures. Pronotal collar greenish tawny with light castaneous lateral margin, edged in piceous in some paratypes. Mesonotum tawny, greenish tawny in some paratypes, piceous marks in medial anterior and posterior half of submedian sigillae, near anterior and in posterior third of lateral sigillae, piceous elongated triangular mark between anterior submedian and lateral sigillae, J-shaped castaneous mark with long extension fusing along midline between middle of submedian sigillae and hooked portion curving along anterior cruciform elevation and terminating on castaneous scutal depression, mark extends posteriorly onto anterior cruciform elevation in some paratypes, cruciform elevation tawny, greenish tawny and darker medially on X in some paratypes, wing groove tawny, green in some paratypes, with longitudinal castaneous mark on medial margin near anterior. Metanotum tawny, greenish tawny in some paratypes, with piceous anteromedial spot. Silvery pile on mesonotum, laterally and between anterior arms of cruciform elevation, in wing groove, and on posterior metanotum, piceous pile on posterolateral and posterior mesonotum. Ventral thoracic segments tawny, light castaneous marks on lateral anepisternum 2, katepisternum 2, basisternum 2, meron 2, anterolateral katepimeron 2, episternum 3 and trochantin 3, castaneous replaced with piceous in some paratypes, with white pubescence and sparse, long white pile. Wings. Fore wings and hind wings hyaline with eight and six apical cells respectively. Venation tawny, becoming darker distally, posterior anal vein 2 + 3 with piceous posterior margin. Basal cell clouded. Pterostigma present. Infuscation on base of radius anterior 2 extending across radial crossvein, radius posterior and radiomedial crossvein, medial crossvein, mediocubital crossvein across distal cubitus anterior 1, infuscation on distal wing veins which extend posteriorly onto ambient viens forming an L-shaped mark, longitudinal infuscation within apical cells 2 – 6, L-shaped marks and longitudinal marks form transverse marks across distal apical cells 4 – 5, wing margin from wing apex to terminus of cubitus anterior 2, reduced in coverage from entire margin distal to apical cells 1 – 3 to partial coverage distal to apical cells 4 – 8 along with outer margin, apical infuscation expands into distal apical cells 1 – 2. Basal membrane of fore wing gray, darker posteriorly and medially. Venation of hind wing tawny with except greenish cubitus anterior, cubitus posterior, and anal veins 1 and 2. Anal cell 3 and anal cell 2 along anal vein 3 gray, anal cell 1 and 2 along anal vein 2 gray as is anterior cubital cell 2 along cubitus posterior vein. Hind wing infuscation on wing margin between apical cells, expanding into distal apical cell 2, reduced to outer margin posterior to cubital cells and anal cell 1. Legs. Legs tawny, femora striped with light castaneous, darker in paratypes, distal tibiae, proximal and distal tarsi castaneous. Fore femora with elongated proximal spine adpressed to femur, triangular secondary spine largest and angled, and small angled tertiary spine, all tawny, secondary spine with castaneous on tip. Tibial spurs and comb castaneous. Operculum. Male operculum with lateral margin angled lateral to long body axis at base, angled mediad at about half its length to smoothly rounded posterolateral margin, straight posterior margin to mediad of meracanthus where it angles anteriorly to rounded medial margin, reaching to middle of sternite II, tawny castaneous with transverse piceous mark across base, covered with white pubescence. Medial margin extends to lateral of hind trochanter. Meracanthus pointed, tawny castaneous with piceous spot on base, reaching to middle of medial margin curve, with sparse white pubescence. Female operculum with curved lateral margin, rounded posterolateral and posterior margins, terminating medially at middle meracanthus and reaching to posterior of sternite II, tawny with castaneous base and margin, covered with thick white pubescence laterally. Female meracanthus pointed, extending beyond posterior margin of operculum, tawny with a castaneous base. Opercula with long golden pile radiating from edge. Abdomen. Abdomen castaneous with tawny posterior margin, tawny very limited in males, more obvious in females, tawny tinged with green in some paratypes, with piceous pile angled medially from dorsolateral tergite 2, entire tergite 1 in females fusing on the midline of tergite 4 and continuing on midline to tergite 8 which is covered completely, pile bifurcates on tergite 4 crossing dorsolateral tergites to lateral tergite 8, silvery pile between bifurcated piceous pile on tergites 4 – 7 and laterally on tergites 2 – 6 becoming narrower and posterior tergites replaced dorsolaterally with piceous pile. Timbal cover recurved, light castaneous exposing timbal, short silvery pile radiating from timbal cover. Timbal with three long and one intercalary ribs, dark spot on timbal plate. Female abdominal segment 9 castaneous dorsally and tawny laterally and ventrally, stigma castaneous, dorsal beak tawny with castaneous tip, with dense, long, golden pile. Posterior margin of abdominal segment 9 sinuate, dark castaneous on posteroventral curve. Sternites tawny, male sternites translucent, epipleurites castaneous anteriorly and tawny posteriorly, light castaneous spot lateral sternite VII, female sternite VII with sinuate posterior margin and medial notch, lateral portion of notch extending beyond lateral posterior margin. Spiracles white, lateral sternites and medial epipleurites with white pubescence. Genitalia. Male pygofer dark tawny with piceous ventral margin, dorsal beak rounded, covered with short silvery pile, with rounded distal shoulder angled medially. Pygofer basal lobe indistinct, pygofer upper lobes dark tawny, elongated with center depressed along its length and medial bend at two-thirds its length, adpressed to pygofer with rounded terminus. Anal styles tawny marked with castaneous, anal tube tawny. Median uncus lobe tawny medially, castaneous laterally. Lateral uncus lobes castaneous, wrapping around sides of median uncus lobe and meeting along midline posterior to median uncus lobe, curving downward and laterally forming a semicirclar terminus and a triangular notch on posterior midline, basal lateral uncus lobes rounded forming a support around base of aedeagus. Aedeagus tubular, dark castaneous. Female gonapophyses VIII and IX castaneous, gonapophysis X piceous extending just beyond dorsal beak with radiating golden pile. Gonocoxite IX tawny. Anal styles castaneous with radiating golden pile. Measurements (mm). N = 2 males or 8 females, mean (range). Length of body: males 27.40 (25.3 – 29.5), females 24.48 (21.3 – 26.4); length of fore wing: males 36.65 (34.9 – 38.4), females 35.56 (33.5 – 36.8); width of fore wing: males 11.00 (10.5 – 11.5), females 10.96 (10.2 – 11.5); length of head: males 3.45 (3.3 – 3.6), females 3.25 (3.0 – 3.4); width of head including eyes: males 8.35 (8.0 – 8.7), females 8.26 (7.8 – 8.8); width of pronotum including suprahumeral plates: males 10.95 (10.6 – 11.3), females 10.94 (9.4 – 11.8); width of mesonotum: males 7.75 (7.0 – 8.5), females 7.91 (7.0 – 8.7).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A50795C29B7D8E4F2712D45.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The only other species of Procollina to have a head as wide as or wider than the mesonotum are P. parva Sanborn, 2018 a and P. quadrimaculata n. sp. This new species can be distinguished from P. parva by the larger body size (greater than 24 mm in males and 21 mm in females), the infuscation in the fore wings that expands into the wing cells and is absent from the nodal line, the more translucent male abdomen, the posterior margin of the male operculum is transversely oriented until close to the medial margin rather than angling anteriorly at two-thirds distance from the lateral surface, the female operculum is smoothly rounded rather than angulate at the posterolateral margin, the uncus is curved but not a right angle when viewed from the side, the lateral uncal projections appear triangular rather than convex when viewed from the posterior, and lateral sternite VII in the female is sinusoidal rather than lobately produced. It can be distinguished from the other Panamanian species by the heavily bronzed fore wings with multiple small spots of infuscation on the veins in P. biolleyi and the four spots of infuscation in the fore wings, by the smaller body size (less than 24 mm in males and 21 mm in females), the lack of infuscation in the fore wings that expands into the wing cells, the less translucent male abdomen, the curved posterior margin of the male operculum, and the uncus is straight when viewed from the side in P. quadrimaculata n. sp.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A50795C29B7D8E4F2712D45.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species is known only from the type series collected in Panama.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A4D795C29B7DEECF5672FFE.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE GENUS. Fidicina Amyot & Audinet-Serville 1843: 472.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A4D795C29B7DEECF5672FFE.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Marshal et al. (2018) synonymized the Hyantiini into the Fidicinini along with the addition of several genera previously classified in a number of different tribes, including Diceroprocta Stål, 1870 (formerly in the Cryptotympanini Handlirsch, 1 925) of the Panamanian cicada fauna. Species of the tribe extend across the majority of the New World being absent only at the higher latitudes (Metcalf 1963 s; Duffels & van der Laan 1985; Sanborn 2013; Sanborn & Heath 2012; 2014). The Fidicinini can be distinguished by the timbal covers which extend anteriorly exposing part of the timbal dorsally, the well developed and usually angulate opercula, the trapezoidal pronotum sometimes with the posterior angles lobately produced, and the distinctly elevated metasternum in the genera of the Fidicinini (Distant 1905 d; Boulard & Martinelli 1996). Species of the tribe are unique in their possession of large protruberances on the hind coxae, timbal covers that are reduced dorsally, a basal pygofer lobe that is never bifurcate, an uncus with a dorsal crest and ventral apophyses to restrain the aedeagus, and the lack of medially angulate lateral pronotal margins (Marshall et al. 2018).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A4C795D29B7DAF5F6F42B7F.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES. Tettigonia mannifera Fabricius 1803: 36. (South America)	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A4C795D29B7DAF5F6F42B7F.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Species of Fidicina present long and wide lateral metascutellar plates that almost reach the timbal coverings and whose timbal covers almost close the timbal cavities to distinguish them from species of Fidicinoides (Boulard & Martinelli 1996). The majority of historic species of the genus have been reassigned to Fidicinoides and other genera (Sanborn 2013).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A4C795D29B7DAF5F6F42B7F.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Species of the genus have been recorded from the Antilles, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Surinam, and Venezuela (Metcalf 1963 a; Duffels & van der Laan 1985; Sanborn 2011 a; 2011 b; 2013; 2014; Sanborn & Heath 2014).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A4C795D29B7D885F2A12D92.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Fidicina ethelae is generally larger than F. mannifera with a wingspan greater than 130 mm. The species can be distinguished further by the timbal cover of the male extending below the metascutellar plate, the male operculum being an approximate right triangle, the fore femora proximal and apical spines being angled with respect to the femoral axis, and the lateral branch of the uncus is recurved.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A4C795D29B7D885F2A12D92.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species has been reported from Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Panama, Peru, and Venezuela (Metcalf 1963 a; Sanborn 2013; 2014). It has been recorded from Barro Colorado Island in Panama (Boulard & Martinelli 1996).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A4C795D29B7D885F2A12D92.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. “ Barro Colorado Isl. / Gatun Lake // Canal Zone / Pan. IX – 8 – 1958 / Charles F. Harbison / Collector // SDMNH / COLLECTION / DATABASE / SDNHM 094781 ” one male (SDMC).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A4C795D29B7DBDCF4D1294F.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE GENUS. Fidicina Amyot & Audinet-Serville 1843: 472.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A4C795D29B7DBDCF4D1294F.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Boulard & Martinelli (1996) separated the subtribe with the erection of the Guyalnina Boulard & Martinelli, 1996. Species in the Fidicinina are distinguished from the members of the Guyalnina by the presence of two segmented tarsi (Boulard & Martinelli 1996).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A4C795A29B7DE92F7E32BD9.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Fidicina mannifera is generally smaller than F. ethelae with a wingspan less than 130 mm. The species can be distinguished further by the timbal cover of the male not extending below the metascutellar plate, the male operculum being an approximate equilateral triangle, the fore femora proximal spine being parallel to the femoral axis and the apical femoral spine being almost upright, and the lateral branch of the uncus is flat and does not recurve. The species is a rainy season cicada with emergence times reported between mid-April and mid-October (Wolda 1977; 1989). The species calls at dawn, during the day and at dusk in Panama (Wolda 1993) and has been associated with Zanthoxylum panamense Wilson (Bartholomew & Barnhart 1984). This was the first cicada to be shown to be endothermic regulating its body temperature using endogenous heat production (Bartholomew & Barnhart 1984).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A4C795A29B7DE92F7E32BD9.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species has been recorded from the Antilles, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, and Surinam (Metcalf 1963 a; Duffels & van der Laan 1985; Dorval et al. 2011; Maccagnan & Martinelli 2011; Sanborn 2011 a; 2011 b; 2013; 2014). Some of these references may correspond to one or more of the species similar to F. mannifera described by Boulard & Martinelli (1996). The species has been reported from David (= San José de David, Chiriquí) (Distant 1881), Barro Colorado Island (Bonaccorso 1979; Bartholomew & Barnhart 1984; Johnson & Foster 1986), Barro Colorado Island, Panama Canal Zone, 120 m altitude in lowland forest (Wolda 1977; 1989; Wolda & Ramos 1992), Las Cumbres, 15 km north of Panama City (Wolda 1993), and Las Cumbres, Province of Panama, 150 m altitude in secondary growth forest (Wolda & Ramos 1992) in Panama.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A4C795A29B7DE92F7E32BD9.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. “ PANAMA: Panama / Cerro Azul 335 m / VI – 8 – 1993 / B. Ratcliffe & M. Jameson ” two males (AFSC); “ PANAMÁ: Canal / Zone, Fort / Kobbe VI – 9 – 1985 / E. Riley & D. Rider ” one male (AFSC); “ Las Cumbres / Panama Prov. R. P. / 25 May 1968 ” one female (AFSC); “ Las Cumbres / Panama Prov. R. P. / 4 July 1967 ” one male (AFSC); “ PANAMA: Pan. Prv. / Cerro Azul / May 29, 1983 / J. E. Wappes ” one male (AFSC); “ PANAMA CANAL ZONE / Barro Colorado I. / 17 August 1977 / G. A. Bartholomew ” one male and one female (AFSC); “ Barro Colorado I. / CZ Panama / V – 1982 / R B & L S Kimsey ” one male (AFSC); “ Barro Colorado I. / CZ Panama / VI 7 1982 / R B & L S Kimsey ” one female (AFSC); “ PANAMA: Canal Zone / Base of Cerro / Galera VI- 6 - 1985 / E. Riley & D. Rider // LSAM / 0300543 ” one female (LSAM); “ PANAMA: Canal Zone / Base of Cerro / Galera VI- 6 - 1985 / E. Riley & D. Rider // LSAM / 0300544 ” one male (LSAM); “ Panama: Barro Colorado Isl. / N 09 ° 09.861 ’ W 79 ° 50.201 ’ / 1 August 2005 — (WGS 84) / M. Ferro — Hand Collecting // LSAM / 0300500 ” one female (LSAM).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A4B795A29B7DF58F7E62E31.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES. Fidicina picea Walker, 1850: 81. (Mexico)	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A4B795A29B7DF58F7E62E31.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Boulard & Martinelli (1996) established the genus Fidicinoides for species characterized by short and narrow lateral meta-scutellar plates that do not reach the timbal covering and timbal covers that do not completely close the timbal cavities. Fidicinoides also presents a head noticeably wider than the mesonotum but not very prominent and with a wide and flattened cruciform elevation (Santos et al. 2010). Fidicinoides exhibits greater species diversity than Fidicina and extends farther north than does Fidicina (Sanborn 2011 a; 2013; 2014; 2016 b; Sanborn & Maes 2012; Maes et al. 2012; Sanborn & Heath 2014).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A4B795A29B7DF58F7E62E31.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species has been reported from Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Trinidad & Tobago, and Venezuela (Metcalf 1963 a; Sanborn 2011 a; 2013; 2014; 2016 b; Sanborn & Maes 2012; Maes et al. 2012; Sanborn & Heath 2014).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A4B795A29B7DD30F7912FFF.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is larger (body length greater than 36 mm, wingspan about 110 mm) than F. pronoe. It can be further distinguished by the more robust body, wide pronotal collar, male operculum that extends to sternite II, the uncal dorsal crest has a curved margin proximally, and the lateral branch of the uncus is short and triangular.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A4B795A29B7DD30F7912FFF.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species has been reported from Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Mexico, Panama, and Venezuela (Metcalf 1963 a; Sanborn 2013). The known distribution suggests there are several countries in which the species is awaiting discovery. It was reported as being collected in Panama by Wolda & Ramos (1992) but without locality data.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A4A795B29B7DBDCF7482AB0.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is smaller (body length less than 36 mm, wingspan about 85 mm) than F. picea. It can be further distinguished by the more slender body, narrower pronotal collar, male operculum that does not extend to sternite II, the uncal dorsal crest has an approximate right angled margin proximally, and the lateral branch of the uncus is extended and finger-like. The species calls at dawn, during the day and at dusk in Panama (Wolda 1993).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A4A795B29B7DBDCF7482AB0.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species has been reported from Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Trinidad & Tobago, and Venezuela (Metcalf 1963 a; Duffels & van der Laan 1985; Dorval et al. 2011; Maccagnan & Martinelli 2011; Sanborn & Maes 2012; Maes et al. 2012; Sanborn 2013; 2014). The species has been reported from Las Cumbres, 15 km north of Panama City in Panama (Wolda 1993), Las Cumbres, Province of Panama, 150 m altitude in secondary growth forest (Wolda & Ramos 1992), and Barro Colorado Island, Panama Canal Zone, 120 m altitude in lowland forest (Wolda & Ramos 1992) in Panama.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A4A795B29B7D9B1F4802BAA.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE GENUS. Guyalna Boulard & Martinelli 1996: 20.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A4A795B29B7D9B1F4802BAA.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Members of the subtribe Guyalnina are distinguished from the Fidicinini by the presence of three segmented tarsi (Boulard & Martinelli 1996).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A4A795B29B7DF4AF7BF2DFE.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES. Cicada hilaris Germar 1834: 69. (Australia?)	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A4A795B29B7DF4AF7BF2DFE.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Species of Proarna possess a head that is about as wide as the mesonotum with the eyes scarcely projecting beyond the anterior pronotal angle, the radial crossvein is oriented vertically to the radius anterior 2 and radius posterior veins and the radiomedial crossvein is obliquely oriented, the large semicircular male opercula, and triangular or small, curved timbal covers are characteristic of the genus.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A4A795B29B7DF4AF7BF2DFE.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Surinam, Trinidad & Tobago, Uruguay, Venezuela, and the Virgin Islands (Metcalf 1963 a; Duffels & van der Laan 1985; Sanborn 2011 a; 2013; 2014; Sanborn & Maes 2012; Maes et al. 2012; Sanborn & Heath 2014).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A4A795929B7DD07F7432CD5.taxon	description	(Fig. 3)	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A4A795929B7DD07F7432CD5.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Torres (1963) reassigned this species to the genus Pacarina Distant, 1905 d based on the head being about as wide as the mesonotum, the lateral margins of the pronotum being angles and not expanded, the well developed and dorsally concave timbal covers, position of the opercula, basal pygofer lobe shape and the macular pattern of the fore wings. However as illustrated in Fig. 3, this species does not possess a head that is wider than the mesonotum with eyes that project laterally beyond the anterior angles of the pronotum, the smoothly sloping epicranium towards the postclypeus, the laterally arched pronotum, the perpendicular radial and slightly oblique radiomedial crossveins, the abrupt facial color change, nor the broadly triangular timbal covers with a rounded apex that are characteristic of Pacarina (Distant 1905 d; Sanborn et al. 2012) so the species cannot be classified within Pacarina. Instead, the head is about as wide as the mesonotum with the eyes scarcely projecting beyond the anterior pronotal angle, the epicranium is bent near a right angle anteriorly, the pronotum does not arch laterally, the radial crossvein is oriented vertically to radius anterior 2 and radius posterior veins and the radiomedial crossvein is obliquely oriented, and sharply triangular timbal covers with pointed apex are all characteristics of the genus Proarna. The opercular shape, position of the basal pygofer lobes, and macular pattern of the fore wings are similar in both genera. Fig. 3 clearly shows Proarna championi n. comb. is more similar in its morphology to P. hilaris (Germar, 1830) than it is to Pacarina puella Davis, 1923, the type species of each genus. As a result, I return the species to the genus Proarna to become Proarna championi Distant, 1881 n. comb. once again. This is one of the smaller Proarna species in Panama. It can be distinguished by the fore wing infuscation only on the radial and radiomedial crossveins and proximal and distal radius anterior 2. The radial crossvein intersects apical cell 1 about two-thirds distally. Fresh specimens have dense white pubescence on the dorsolateral abdominal tergites. The species emerges at the beginning of the rainy season with adults acrtive between late May and late June (Wolda 1988; 1989).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A4A795929B7DD07F7432CD5.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species has been reported from Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, and Panama (Metcalf 1963 a; Sanborn 2013; 2014). The species has been reported from Barro Colorado Island, in the Panama Canal Area, 120 m altitude in lowland forest (Wolda 1988; 1989; Wolda & Ramos 1992) and Las Cumbres, Province of Panama, 150 m altitude in secondary growth forest (Wolda & Ramos 1992) in Panama.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A4A795929B7DD07F7432CD5.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. “ Panama City / Panama 11. V. 63 / H. R. Dodge ” one male (WSUC); “ Panama City, / R. P. IV 1963 / H. R. Dodge ” one male (WSUC); “ Panama, Panama Pr. / ± 10 km W El Llano, 1400 ’ / May 28 – June 3 1984 / E. Giesbert coll. ” one male (AFSC); “ Panama, Canal Zone / Curundy / 16 – 20 – VIII – 68 / D. H. Habeck ” one male (AFSC); “ Panama, Canal / Zone, Cardenas / Village // F. G. Thompson / / 10 – V – 69 / blacklight trap ” one male and one female (AFSC); “ Panama, C. Z. / Cardenas Village / May 10, 1980 E. / Riley & D. LeDoux ” two males (AFSC); “ PANAMA: Prov. of Las / Cumbres, Panama City / A. B. Broce 6 – IX – 67 / Blacklight trap ” one female (AFSC); “ PANAMA: Piñas Bay / IV 1965 / Dade W. Thornton // Collected / At Light ” one female (AFSC); “ Ordinance Navy / Canal Zone // F. S. Blanton / coll. 9 – V – 57 // Coll. At / Light ” one male (AFSC); “ Canal Zone / Balboa / VI – 1974 ” one female (AFSC); “ PANAMA: CANAL ZONE / nr. Pedro Miguel, CZ / Police Pistol Range / 24 – V – 1982, D. Habeck / C. Bennett, Black- / Light, Mercury Vapor ” two females (AFSC); “ El Valle / Panama // F. S. Blanton / coll. 9 III 57 // In Light / Trap ” one female (AFSC); “ Panama, Canal Zone / Barro Colorado Is. / 21 – IV – 63 No. / CW & ME Rettenmeyer // Taken at / Ultraviolet Light / Time: ” one male (AFSC); “ Panama, Canal Zone / Barro Colorado Is. / 19 – IV – 63 No. / CW & ME Rettenmeyer // Taken at / Ultraviolet Light / Time: ” one female (AFSC); “ Panama, C. Z. / Gatun / Gatun Lake Lookout / April 7 – 8, 1987 / J. R. MacDonald ” one male (AFSC); “ PANAMA: CANAL ZONE / Middle Chagras / 20 – V – 1982, D. Habeck / C. A. Bennet / Blacklight ” one female (AFSC); Panama, Panama Prov., Ancon, Stri, 8.9628 - 79.5436, 15 – May – 75, M. Estribi, STRI _ ENT _ 0 0 0 0 354 (STRI); Panama, Panama Prov., Arraijan, 8.95 - 79.66, 15 – Jan – 78, M. Estribi, STRI _ ENT _ 0 0 0 0 359 (STRI); Panama, Colon Prov., Canal Zone, Coco Solo, 9.35 - 79.85, 16 – Jun – 75, Dodge Engleman, STRI _ ENT _ 0 0 0 0 360 (STRI); Panama, Panama Prov., Ancon, Stri, 8.9628 - 79.5436, 15 – May – 75, Almonza, STRI _ ENT _ 0 0 0 0 365 (STRI).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A48795929B7DE5CF5E32F57.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The second largest of the Panamanian Proarna species. It can be distinguished by the fore wing infuscation on all crossveins except the mediocubital crossvein, the distal wing veins between apical cells, and the ambient veins in apical cells 3 - 8, the radial crossvein intersects apical cell 1 in the middle and at an oblique angle, and the convex posterior and lateral margins of the male opercula. The species is commonly collected at lights with a heavy female bias (Young & Sanborn 2015).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A48795929B7DE5CF5E32F57.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species has an extensive range being reported from Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panamá, Peru, and Venezuela (Metcalf 1963 a; Duffels & van der Laan 1985; Sanborn 2011 a; 2013; 2014; Sanborn & Maes 2012; Maes et al. 2012; Sanborn & Heath 2014). It was reported as being collected in Panama by Wolda & Ramos (1992) but without locality data.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A48795929B7DE5CF5E32F57.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. “ PANAMA: Piñas Bay / IV 1965 / Dade W. Thornton // Collected / At Light ” one female (AFSC); “ Piñas Bay / Panamá / IX – 11 – 61 / D. Paulson ” one female (AFSC).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A48795729B7DCDDF3502999.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Distant (1905 a) proposed the replacement name for Cicada grisea Germar, 1830 based on the name being preoccupied. Germar (1830) describes a small cicada that is different from the true Proarna grisea (Fabricius, 1775) which is a larger, more robust species with significant fore wing infuscation. It appears Distant was correct in his interpretation that Cicada grisea Germar, 1830 was not the same as C. grisea (Fabricius). Metcalf (1963 a) considered Distant’s taxon a junior synonym of P. invaria in his catalog. Wolda & Ramos (1992) resurrected P. germari without comment. Distant (1905 a) considered Cicada invaria, C. dexithea, C. fulvoviridis and C. ovatipennis as junior synonyms of his nomen novum suggesting he considered them to represent the same taxon. Since there is no justification as to why P. germari is valid and the image of P. germari on the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute site (http: // biogeodb. stri. si. edu / biodiversity / species / 42778 /) is identical to the specimens determined to be P. invaria from several countries, I synonymize Proarna germari n. syn. with Proarna invaria. Under Article 23.1 of the Code, the oldest available name applied to a taxon becomes the valid name of that taxon (ICZN 1999). Cicada grisea Germar, 1830 was invalidated by Distant so that Cicada invaria Walker, 1850 is the oldest available name from the list of synonyms for the taxon under Article 23.3.5 and is required to become the replacement name for the synonyms. As a result, P. germari n. syn. becomes the junior synonym and P. invaria is the valid taxon. This is the smallest of the Panamanian Proarna species. It can be distinguished by the fore wing infuscation on all crossveins, the distal wing veins between apical cells, and the ambient veins in apical cells 3 - 8, the radial crossvein intersects apical cell 1 in the middle and at a right angle, the transversely oriented, straight posterior margin of the male opercula, and the large lateral areas of white pubescence on the thorax and abdomen in fresh specimens.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A48795729B7DCDDF3502999.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species has been recorded from the Antilles, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, French Guiana, Guyana, Honduras, Peru, and Venezuela (Metcalf 1963 a; Duffels & van der Laan 1985; Sanborn 2011 a; 2013; 2014). Wolda & Ramos (1992) reported P. germari as being collected in Panama but without locality data.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A48795729B7DCDDF3502999.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined for new record. “ PANAMA: Darién, / Filo de Talla Lodge / Metetí, 16 – 20 – V – 2014 / J. B. Heppner, 145 m ” three females (FSCA); “ COLON: PANAMA / IX – 6 – 1925 / F. W. Walker // Proarna / germari Dist.? / det W. T. Davis 1937 ” one male (UMMZ); “ Alhajuela, CANAL ZONE / July 18, 1933 / A. Greenball // Proarna / germari Dist.? / det W. T. Davis 1937 ” one female (UMMZ); “ PANAMA: Panama Prov. / 15 km N El Llano / mv + bl, 13 May 1991 / R. Turnbow ” one female (UGCA); “ PANAMA: Panama / El Llano-Carti Rd. km. / mk. 13.6, mv + bl, 21 / May 1996, R. Turnbow ” one female (UGCA); “ PANAMA Colon Prv / Ft. Sherman area / 8 May 1999 / Wappes & Morris ” one male (UGCA); Cocle Prov., El Valle, 800 m, 19 – V – 1991 (UGCA); “ Panama, Panama Prov. / E 1 Llano-Carti Rd. / km 10 – 13; 3 – 7 Jun 1984 // R. L Penrose, / F. T. Hovore & / P. H. Sullivan // LACM ENT 274734 ” one female (LACM); “ Panama, Panama Prov. / E 1 Llano-Carti Rd. / km 10 – 13; 3 – 7 Jun 1984 // E. Giesbert, / R. L Penrose, / F. T. Hovore & / P. H. Sullivan // LACM ENT 274735 ” one female (LACM); “ Panama, Panama Prov. / E 1 Llano-Carti Rd. / km 10 – 13; 3 – 7 Jun 1984 // R. L Penrose, / F. T. Hovore & / P. H. Sullivan // LACM ENT 274736 ” one female (LACM); “ Panama, Panama Prov. / E 1 Llano-Carti Rd. / km 10 – 13; 3 – 7 Jun 1984 // R. L Penrose, / F. T. Hovore & / P. H. Sullivan // LACM ENT 274737 ” one female (LACM); “ PANAMA: Colón Prov. / 2 km S Sabanitas / 1 – 4. viii. 1999 u. v. light / 9 o 19 ’ 19 ” N 79 o 47 ’ 54 ” W / el. 120 m A. Gillogly ” two females (TAMU); “ PANAMA: Colón Prov. / 2 km S Sabanitas / 10 – 13. viii. 1999 el. 120 m / taken at light / 9 o 19 ’ 19 ” N 79 o 47 ’ 54 ” W / el. 120 m A. Gillogly, J. Schaffner ” two females (TAMU); “ PANAMA: Colón Prov. / 2 km S Sabanitas / 9 o 19 ’ 19 ” N 79 o 47 ’ 54 ” W / 24. vi. 1999 el. 120 m / At light A. R. Gillogly ” one female (TAMU); “ PANAMA: Panamá Pr. / 3 km E Ipetí / V – 3 – 1992, MV / UV light / Gillogly & Stockwell ” one female (TAMU); “ PANAMA: Candelaria / Rio-Pequeni, R. P. / 31 March, 1976 / J. T. Whitlaw ” one female (UDCC), one female (AFSC); “ PANAMA: El Chorro / Rio Trinidad, R. P. / 28 April, 1976 / J. T. Whitlaw ” one male (UDCC), one male (AFSC); “ PANAMA: Ft. Clayton, C. Z. / 5 Jun 1967 / coll: Altman ” one female (UDCC); “ PANAMA: Rodman Ammo Area CZ / EX: UV Lamp L # 4 / coll: J. Gaona / 30 Jun 1975 ” one male (UDCC); “ PANAMA: Los Santos Pr. / Pedasí / VI – 22 – 1996 / MV light / Gillogly & Schaffner ” one male and one female (TAMU), one male (AFSC); “ PANAMA: Colon Prov. / 2 km S of Sabanitas 9 ° 19 ’ 19 ” N 79 ° 47 ’ 54 ” W / 24. vi. 1999 el. 120 m / At light A. R. Gillogly ” one male and one female (TAMU); “ PANAMA: Colon Prov. / 2 km S of Sabanitas 9 ° 19 ’ 19 ” N 79 ° 47 ’ 54 ” W / 15 – 19 – vii – 1999 el. 120 m, UV / Coll. A. Gillogly ” one male (TAMU); “ PANAMA: Prov. of Chiriqui / 12 – VII – 1964, David A. Broce / Mosquito trap ” one male (FSCA); “ Panama: Canal / Zone, La Boca, June 2 – 3, 1985 / Coll. E. Riley // LSAM / 0300623 ” one male (LSAM); Panama, Bocas del Toro Prov., Changuinola, El Silencio, 9.3915 - 82.5371, 17 – Sep – 80, D. Quintero & R. Carranza, STRI _ ENT _ 0000343 (STRI); Panama, Bocas del Toro Prov., Corriente Grande, Campamento, 9.5166 - 82.8666, 25 – Mar – 80, J. Martinez, STRI _ ENT _ 0 0 0 0 344 (STRI).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A46795729B7DF7DF2A62F93.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES. Fidicina bonaerensis Berg 1879: 140. (Argentina)	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A46795729B7DF7DF2A62F93.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The genus was erected as part of a taxonomic key (Boulard & Martinelli 1996). A revision of the genus has recently been published providing a full description and the reassignment of several species into and out of the genus (Sanborn 2016 a). Within the Guyalnina, Guylana can be distinguished from Hemisciera Amyot & Audinet- Serville, 1843 by the bright green basal area of the fore wings and bright red on the basal area of the hind wings of this genus. Majeorona Distant, 1905 d, has a head width wider than the mesonotum, with the prominent eyes stylate and extended anteriorly. Pacarina Distant, 1905 d can be distinguished by the prominent eyes that project laterally beyond the anterior edges of pronotum, the non-parallel radial and radiomedial crossveins, the abrupt facial color change, and triangular timbal covers. Species of Proarna Stål, 1864 possess a head that is about as wide as the mesonotum with the eyes barely or not extending beyond the anterior angle of the pronotum, radial crossvein vertically oriented to the radius anterior 2 and radius posterior veins with a radiomedial crossvein that is obliquely oriented, large semicircular male opercula, and triangular or small, curved timbal covers. Dorisiana Metcalf, 1952 is the most similar genus to Guyalna but species can be distinguished by the head being as wide or wider than the mesonotum with eyes not extending beyond the lateral edges of the pronotum, triangular timbal covers, ventral margin of the timbal cover angled dorsally not parallel to the long body axis, and the lateral lobe of the uncus does not extend to the same lengths as the species of Guyalna (Sanborn 2016 a).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A46795729B7DF7DF2A62F93.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Species of the genus are found over much of the Neotropics including references to Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, and Venezuela (Metcalf 1963 a; Duffels & van der Laan 1985; Sanborn 2011 a; 2011 b; 2013; 2014; 2016 a; 2016 b; Sanborn & Maes 2012; Maes et al. 2012; Sanborn & Heath 2014; Gogala et al. 2015).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A46795729B7DA98F34C2BF7.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The largest of the Panamanian Proarna species. It can be distinguished by the fore wing infuscation on all crossveins, the distal wing veins between apical cells, and the ambient veins in apical cells 3 - 8, the radial crossvein intersects apical cell 1 in the middle and at a right angle, the transversely oriented, straight posterior margin of the male opercula, and the large lateral areas of white pubescence on the thorax and abdomen in fresh specimens.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A46795729B7DA98F34C2BF7.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species has been reported from Colombia, Costa Rica, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, and Panama (Metcalf 1963 a; Duffels & van der Laan 1985; Sanborn 2013; 2014; Sanborn & Maes 2012; Maes et al. 2012). This species was collected at Miramar, Province of Bocas del Toro at sea level (Wolda & Ramos 1992) in Panama.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A46795729B7DA98F34C2BF7.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. “ PANAMA: Bocas / del Toro Prov. / Zegla, 20 – IV – 85 / R. W. Flowers — lt ” two females (FSCA); “ PANAMA: Bocas / del Toro Prov. / Zegla, 20 – IV – 1985 / R. W. Flowers — lt ” two females (FSCA).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A45795429B7DBDCF41B2B51.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Sanborn (2016 a) describes the history and synonymy of the numerous species that are now considered G. bicolor. It is a short, stocky species being about half as wide as long (body lengths range from 19 – 23 mm). The name is in reference to the green (fading to ochraceous in some specimens) head and thorax and castaneous or testaceous abdomen. There are often areas of dense silvery pile on the lateral abdominal tergites 2 – 4.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A45795429B7DBDCF41B2B51.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species has been reported under the various synonyms from Brazil Colombia, Costa Rica, French Guiana, Nicaragua, and Panama (Metcalf 1963 a; Duffels & van der Laan 1985; Sanborn 2011 a; 2013; 2014; 2016 a; 2016 b; Sanborn & Maes 2012; Maes et al. 2012). It was reported as being collected in Panama by Wolda & Ramos (1992) but without locality data.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A45795429B7DBDCF41B2B51.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. “ Panama, Panama Pr. / Cerro Campana, 1700 ’ / May 17 – 19, 1987 / E. Giesbert, Coll. ” one male (AFSC); “ PANAMA, San Blas Pr. / Nusagandi / 28 may (sic) ’ 95 Caven ” one female (AFSC); “ PANAMA: Panama Provil / Reserva Sobrina Pipe- / line road 9 km mark / VI – 25 – 1994, blacklight / N. Smith & D. Mitchell ” one female (AFSC).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A45795429B7D8D0F7162F76.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The species was transferred to Dorisiana based on the three-segmented tarsi (Sanborn 2010 b). The species was then transferred to Guyalna based on the expanded generic description by Sanborn (2016 a). It is a species with a greenish tawny head and thorax with an ochraceous abdomen. The abdominal tergites of the male are translucent. Body lengths range from 24 – 26 mm. The general features and coloration of the species may have meant it was been mistaken for what is now D. metcalfi Sanborn & Heath, 2014 (= Dorisiana viridis (Olivier, 1790 )). Dorisiana metcalfi is about the same size and has a very similar morphology to G. bogotana (G. bogotana was previously classified as a species of Dorisiana). There are minor coloration differences between the species with the genitalia being the most reliable way to distinguish the species. Both species have the same ground color, the head of G. bogotana has a few small piceous marks missing in D. metcalfi. The use of the taxon “ viridis ” has a complex and varied application (see Sanborn & Heath 2014). It is highly probable that Wolda (1977; 1983 b) was actually collecting G. bogotana. As a result, the specimens Wolda considered to be Dorisiana viridis are considered to be G. bogotana. Wolda (1977; 1983 b) reported the species emerges during the dry season from mid-to-late January to early April with the specific dates determined by the end of the rainy season.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A45795429B7D8D0F7162F76.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The new record represents a northern expansion for the species. It species has been reported previously from Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru (Metcalf 1963 a; Sanborn 2013; Sanborn & Heath 2014).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A45795429B7D8D0F7162F76.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined for new record. — “ PANAMA: Panama / Altos (Isla) de Majé / 9 ° 08 ’ N, 78 ° 49 ’ W / V – 14 – 16 – 1976, at BL / B. C. Ratcliffe. ” three males and two females (UNSM), one male and one female (AFSC); “ PANAMA: Panama / Altos (Isla) de Majé / 9 ° 08 ’ N, 78 ° 49 ’ W / V – 28 – 30 – 1982 / B. C. Ratcliffe & / C. & K. Messenger. ” two females, four females (UNSM); “ PANAMA: Cerro Jefe / V – 30 – 1986 / B. C. Ratcliffe. ” one male (UNSM).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A44795529B7DBDCF3652A48.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The species was recently transferred to the genus Guyalna from Fidicinoides (Ruschel 2017). It is the largest of the Guyalna species known to inhabit Panama with body lengths about 35 mm and a wing span of about 98 mm. The dark brown (tinged with green in some specimens) marked with piceous body and infuscation on the distal half of the fore wings and distal hind wings easily distinguish this species. It is a rainy season cicada that emerges between late April and late July (Wolda 1989).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A44795529B7DBDCF3652A48.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species has been recorded from Costa Rica and Panama (Metcalf 1963 a; Duffels & van der Laan 1985; Sanborn 2013; 2014). The species has been reported from Bugaba (Distant 1883) and Barro Colorado Island, Panama Canal Zone, 120 m altitude in lowland forest (Wolda 1989; Wolda & Ramos 1992) in Panama.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A44795529B7DBDCF3652A48.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. “ PANAMA, San Blas Pr. / Nusagandi / 28 may (sic) ’ 95 Caven ” one female (AFSC).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A44795529B7D9E9F6FA2CEE.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Wolda (1977) transferred the species to Dorisiana without comment. It was recently transferred to Guyalna based on the timbal cover structure and the expanded description of Guyalna (Sanborn 2016 a). It has a tawny body, the abdomen has silvery and piceous pile that produce a piceous arch across the dorsal tergites from tergites 3 – 7, the only species of Guyalna in Panama that possesses this arch. Body lengths range from 22 – 23 mm with males and females being of similar size. The species is a dry season cicada (Wolda 1977).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A44795529B7D9E9F6FA2CEE.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species has been reported only from Panama (Metcalf 1963 a; Sanborn 2013; 2016 a). It has been reported from Tabernilla, Canal Zone, Port Bello (Davis 1939), and Barro Colorado Island (Wolda 1977) in Panama. It was reported as being collected in Panama by Wolda & Ramos (1992) but without locality data.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A44795529B7D9E9F6FA2CEE.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. “ Panama, C. Z. / Gatun / Gatun Lake Lookout / April 7 – 8, 1987 / J. R. MacDonald ” one male and one female (AFSC); “ PANAMA — Canal Zone / Barro Colorado Is. / II – 7 – 67 / Roger D. Akre ” one male (AFSC); “ PANAMA — Canal Zone / Barro Colorado Is. / II – 11 – 67 / Roger D. Akre ” one female (AFSC); Panama, Colon Prov., Canal Zone, Escobal Road, 9.233 - 79.949, 5 – Jun – 76, Dodge Engleman STRI _ ENT _ 0 0 0 0 486 (STRI).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A44795129B7DE17F7842EAC.taxon	description	(Fig. 4)	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A44795129B7DE17F7842EAC.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype. “ PANAMA: Darién Prov. / P. N. Darién Rancho / Frio Station, 90 m / 8.0198 ° N, 77.7322 ° W / VI – 1 – 9 – 2015, E. Riley, UV // TAMU — ENTO / X 1229169 ” male (TAMU). Paratypes. “ PANAMA: Darién Prov. / P. N. Darién Rancho / Frio Station, 90 m / 8.0198 ° N, 77.7322 ° W / VI – 1 – 9 – 2015, E. Riley, UV // TAMU — ENTO / X 1230490 ” one female (TAMU); “ PANAMA: Darién Prov. / P. N. Darién Rancho / Frio Station, 90 m / 8.0198 ° N, 77.7322 ° W / VI – 1 – 9 – 2015, E. Riley, UV // TAMU — ENTO / X 1229392 ” one female (TAMU); “ PANAMA: Darién Prov. / P. N. Darién Rancho / Frio Station, 90 m / 8.0198 ° N, 77.7322 ° W / VI – 1 – 9 – 2015, E. Riley, UV // TAMU — ENTO / X 1229374 ” one female (AFSC); “ PANAMA: Darién Prov. / P. N. Darién Rancho / Frio Station, 90 m / 8.0198 ° N, 77.7322 ° W / VI – 1 – 9 – 2015, E. Riley, UV // TAMU — ENTO / X 1230108 ” one female (TAMU); “ PANAMA: Darién Prov. / P. N. Darién Rancho / Frio Station, 90 m / 8.0198 ° N, 77.7322 ° W / VI – 1 – 9 – 2015, E. Riley, UV // TAMU — ENTO / X 1229755 ” one male (AFSC); “ Canal Zone / Pan. IX – 12 – 1958 // Barro Colorado Isl. / Gatun Lake // Charles F. Harbison / Collector // SDNHM / COLLECTION / DATABASE / SDNHM 094780 ” female (SDMC); “ Canal Zone / Pan. IX – 12 – 1958 // Barro Colorado Isl. / Gatun Lake // Charles F. Harbison / Collector ” one female (AFSC); “ PANAMA Gamboa / 22 August 1986 / C. Riley Nelson / malaise trap ” one female (AFSC); “ PANAMA: C. Z. / Cardenas Village / May 17 – 18, 1989 / E. Riley & LaDoux // Diceroprocta spp. / Det. L. Burgess ” one female (UMRM); “ Curiche, Choco / Col., Sept. – Oct. 67 ” one female (FSCA). OTHER MATERIAL. The STRI website (http: // biogeodb. stri. si. edu / bioinformatics / dfm / metas / search? stxt = Dorisiana + sp. + poss. + new & type = All) has a female illustrated that was collected on Barro Colorado Island, 9.1667 ° N 79.8333 ° W, Panama Province (STRI INS 000449) that matches the females in the type series. Panama, Panama Prov., Canal Zone, BCI, 9.1667 - 79.8333, 12 – May – 75, Henk Wolda, STRI _ ENT _ 0 0 0 0 439 (STRI); Panama, Panama Prov., Canal Zone, BCI, 9.1667 - 79.8333, 27 – May – 81, Henk Wolda, STRI _ ENT _ 0 0 0 0 440 (STRI); Panama, Panama Prov., Canal Zone, BCI, 9.1667 - 79.8333, 9 – Aug – 73, Henk Wolda, STRI _ ENT _ 0 0 0 0 441 (STRI); Panama, Panama Prov., Canal Zone, BCI, 9.1667 - 79.8333, 9 – Nov – 78, Henk Wolda, STRI _ ENT _ 0 0 0 0 442 (STRI); Panama, Panama Prov., Canal Zone, BCI, 9.1667 - 79.8333, 9 – May – 85, Henk Wolda, STRI _ ENT _ 0 0 0 0 443 (STRI); Panama, Panama Prov., Canal Zone, BCI, 9.1667 - 79.8333, 23 – Aug – 73, Henk Wolda, STRI _ ENT _ 0 0 0 0 444 (STRI); Panama, Panama Prov., Canal Zone, BCI, 9.1667 - 79.8333, 22 – July – 79, Henk Wolda, STRI _ ENT _ 0 0 0 0 445 (STRI); Panama, Panama Prov., Canal Zone, BCI, 9.1667 - 79.8333, 6 – May – 78, Henk Wolda, STRI _ ENT _ 0 0 0 0 446 (STRI); Panama, Panama Prov., Canal Zone, BCI, 9.1667 - 79.8333, 29 – Aug – 73, Henk Wolda, STRI _ ENT _ 0 0 0 0 447 (STRI); Panama, Panama Prov., Canal Zone, BCI, 9.1667 - 79.8333, 23 – Jul – 92, Henk Wolda, STRI _ ENT _ 0 0 0 0 448 (STRI); Panama, Panama Prov., Canal Zone, BCI, 9.1667 - 79.8333, 23 – Apr – 92, Henk Wolda, STRI _ ENT _ 0 0 0 0 449 (STRI); Panama, Panama Prov., Canal Zone, BCI, 9.1667 - 79.8333, 14 – Apr – 77, Henk Wolda, STRI _ ENT _ 0 0 0 0 450 (STRI); Panama, Panama Prov., Canal Zone, BCI, Lab Clearing, 9.1634 - 79.8382, 12 Jun 1972 to 17 June 1972, R. H. Pine, STRI _ ENT _ 0 0 0 0 451 (STRI); Panama, Panama Prov., Canal Zone, BCI, 9.1667 - 79.8333, 19 – Oct – 78, Henk Wolda, STRI _ ENT _ 0 0 0 0 452 (STRI); Panama, Panama Prov., Canal Zone, BCI, 9.1667 - 79.8333, 26 – May – 92, Henk Wolda, STRI _ ENT _ 0 0 0 0 453 (STRI); Panama, Panama Prov., Canal Zone, BCI, 9.1667 - 79.8333, 23 – Aug – 77, Henk Wolda, STRI _ ENT _ 0 0 0 0 454 (STRI); Panama, Panama Prov., Canal Zone, BCI, 9.1667 - 79.8333, 8 – May – 92, Henk Wolda, STRI _ ENT _ 0 0 0 0 455 (STRI).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A44795129B7DE17F7842EAC.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This new species is considered to be the undetermined new species of Dorisiana discussed by Wolda (1989) & Wolda & Ramos (1992). The type series was collected at one of the localities mentioned in these works and is the only unidentifiable species of a Dorisiana - like species that I found in collections. In addition, the image described in the previous paragraph that matches the females in the type series is evidence to support the synonymy of the new species identified in Wolda (1989) & Wolda & Ramos (1992) with this new species. The genus Guyalna did not exist when the species was discussed by Wolda (1989) or Wolda & Ramos (1992). Dorisiana is structurally similar to Guyalna and many species have been classified in either genera at one time or another (Sanborn 2016 a). The lobate timbal covers classify this new species in the genus Guyalna rather than Dorisiana (Sanborn 2016 a). The species is a rainy season cicada with emergences between late April to early November (Wolda 1989). The species sang during the day in Panama (Wolda 1993).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A44795129B7DE17F7842EAC.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name is in honor of Henk Wolda who referenced the new species and provided ecological data on multiple Panamanian cicada species.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A44795129B7DE17F7842EAC.taxon	description	Description. Ground color of head and thorax castaneous marked with piceous, abdomen piceous marked with castaneous. The Cardenas specimen has the piceous very reduced or absent from many body regions. Head. Head wider than mesonotum, castaneous with transverse piceous fascia through ocelli and frons expanding anteriorly and posteriorly along margin of eye continuing to piceous posterior of eye and ventral head, piceous mark on anteromedial supra-antennal plate. Head covered with short silvery pile dorsally, longer and denser posterior to eye. Ocelli rosaceous, ochraceous in some paratypes, eyes ochraceous, castaneous in some paratypes. Ventral head piceous except castaneous mark on gena next to anterolateral angle of lorum and anteromedial margin of lorum, mark on gena expanded to transverse fascia in one paratype. Postclypeus centrally sulcate, piceous except castaneous ten transverse ridges, dorsal surface, spot near apex and mark on ventroposterior margin that splits around posterior central sulcus, ochraceous in some paratypes. Anteclypeus piceous with castaneous spots on anterior, middle and posterior of carina. Long white pile on lorum, gena, lateral postclypeus and anteclypeus, some golden pile laterally in some paratypes, white pubescence in central sulcus, lateral postclypeus and medial gena. Mentum tawny, labium castaneous becoming piceous distally. Rostrum reaching to abdominal sternite II. Antennal segments piceous. Thorax. Dorsal thorax castaneous marked with piceous. Prothorax with transverse piceous fascia on anterior margin, piceous within paramedfian fissure, and a pair of medially fused triangular piceous marks on either side of midline anterior to ambient fissure, mark in paramedian fissure continuous to triangular marks in some paratypes, silvery pile anteriorly between fissures, black pile on disc. Pronotal collar ochraceous with piceous posterior and lateral margins, piceous pile on dorsal pronotal collar, more dense laterally, silvery pile across lateral angle, and dense piceous pile on lateral part of pronotal collar. Mesothorax castaneous with piceous submedian sigillae, anterior lateral sigillae, anterior wing groove, posterior lateral to cruciform elevation, scutal depressions, and shield-shaped piceous mark on dorsal midline between submedian sigillae and scutal depressions, dark castaneous across lateral sigillae posterior ro piceous mark, posterior margin of wing groove ochraceous. Dense silvery pile on anterolateral and lateral mesonotum, in medial wing groove and on posterolateral cruciform elevation, dense piceous pile between lateral silvery pile in anterior and posterior wing groove, between anterior arms of cruciform elevation, anterolateral cruciform elevation and along posterior margin of cruciform elevation, silvery pile anterior to piceous pile between anterior arms of cruciform elevation in some paratypes. Metanotum piceous with dense piceous pile. Ventral thoracic segments piceous except ochraceous middle of anepisternum 2, and castaneous anterolateral anepimeron 2 and anterior katepimeron 2. Thoracic sternites covered with white pubescence and white pile. Wings. Fore wing and wings hyaline, slight milky appearance when viewed at an angle. Venation castaneousochraceous at base becoming piceous distally, costal margin piceous anteriorly, piceous beyond node. Basal cell piceous anteriorly with ochraceous spot at base, piceous reduced or replaced with ochraceous in some paratypes, pterostigma extending to about radial crossvein, proximal third and posterior of clavus infuscated, basal membrane of fore wing grayish piceous. Hind wing infuscated proximally, venation proximally castaneous-opchraceous becoming piceous distally except ochraceous cubitus anterior. Anal cell 3 and anal cell 2 along anal veins 2 and 3, anal cell 1 along anal vein 2, proximal half of cubital cell 2 along cubitus posterior vein, and basal cubital, radial and medial cells grayish-piceous. Legs. Legs castaneous, piceous along medial and lateral coxae, proximal, distal and ventral trochanters, ventral femora, tarsi and pretarsal claws, distal tibiae piceous in some paratypes. Fore femora with dark ochraceous stripes, proximal spine small, angled, secondary spine slightly angled and slightly larger than primary spine, tertiary spine very small, upright, all spines piceous. Tibial spurs castaneous with piceous tips, tibial combs piceous. Legs with long piceous pile, coxae and femora with white pubescence. Operculum. Male operculum piceous with short golden pile covered with white pubescence, slightly expanded at lateral base, lateral margin straight, angled to auditory capsule, rounded posterolateral margin, posterior margin straight to rounded medial margin, not meeting medially, barely covering tympanum reaching to anterior of sternite II, domed laterally. Meracathus pointed, piceous with ochraceous lateral margin not reaching posterior opercular margin. Female operculum similarly shaped and colored, reaching to posterior of sternite II. Abdomen. Abdomen tergites piceous, castaneous posterior margins on tergites 2 – 8 castaneous expanding anteriorly onto dorsolateral tergite 2, lateral tergite 3, and dorsolateral tergites 5 – 7, tergites covered with piceous pile, silvery pile on dorsolateral tergite 2, lateral tergites 3 and 4, these regions connected in some female paratypes forming large silvery dorsolateral spot, posterior dorsolateral tergite 4, dorsoposterior tergites 5 – 6, posterolateral tergite 7, and dorsoposterior of tergite 8. Timbal cover piceous, incomplete exposing timbal dorsally, lateroanterior margin rounded, medial margin with a notch forming an approximate right angle. Timbal white with piceous markings visible through opening in timbal cover. Male sternite I, anterior of II, sternite VII and posterior sternite VIII piceous, sternite VIII with V-shaped notch posteriorly, remaining sternites castaneous, sternites III – VI translucent, long black pile radiating from sternites, epipleurites piceous, sternites covered with white pubescence, denser laterally. Female tergites colored similar to male, female sternites piceous except castaneous mediolateral posterior sternite III and posterolateral sternites IV – V, white pubescence. Female sternite VII with arching posterior margin and single medial notch. Female abdominal segment 9 piceous with castaneous or ochraceous anterodorsal and dorsolateral marks and spots on posterior angle and castaneous spot on ventroposterior curve, radiating long piceous pile. Dorsal beak extending beyond piceous anal styles. Posterior margin of abdominal segment 9 sinuate. Genitalia. Male pygofer castaneous with piceous dorsal outside, distal basal lobe, uncus, base of anal styles, and tip of dorsal beak. Dorsal beak narrow, extending from deep depression on posterior margin. Pygofer basal lobe extended, medial margin bent inward at approximale right angle with squared apex. Uncal dorsal crest finger- like emerging at approximate right angle with rounded at terminus. Lateral branch of uncus curving ventrally to rounded apex, posteromedial margin straight meeting under the median uncus lobe to surround aedeagus. Aedeagus castaneous with a tawny terminal membrane. Female gonocoxite IX piceous or castaneous. Gonapophysis IX and X piceous. Ovipositor sheath extends beyond dorsal beak. Dorsal beak extending just beyond piceous-gray anal styles. Long golden pile radiating from ovipositor sheath, ovipositor sheath covered with short golden pile. Measurements (mm). N = 2 males or 9 females, mean (range). Length of body: males 22.15 (21.5 – 22.8), females 19.46 (18.1 – 20.4); length of fore wing: males 32.60 (32.4 – 32.8), females 29.56 (28.1 – 31.0); width of fore wing: males 9.85 (9.8 – 9.9), females 9.39 (8.9 – 10.0); length of head: males 3.60 (3.5 – 3.7), females 3.33 (2.8 – 3.6); width of head including eyes: males 9.45 (9.3 – 9.6), females 8.72 (8.1 – 9.2); width of pronotum including suprahumeral plates: males 9.35 (9.3 – 9.4), females 8.54 (7.8 – 9.3); width of mesonotum: males 8.00 (7.8 – 8.2), females 7.39 (6.9 – 7.8).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A44795129B7DE17F7842EAC.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The new species can be distinguished easily from the other Panamanian species of Guyalna. Guyalna bicolor is a short, stocky species being about half as wide as long with a green (fading to ochraceous in some specimens) head and thorax and castaneous or testaceous abdomen and G. bogotana is greenish tawny head and thorax with an ochraceous abdomen rather than the dark brown and piceous new species. In addition, the abdominal tergites of male G. bogotana are translucent. The much larger (body length 35 mm) G. fumea has infuscation on the distal half of the fore wings and distal hind wings easily distinguish this species. The most similar Panamanian species is G. panamensis but it can be distinguished by its tawny body (greenish tawny in fresh specimens), the mesothorax only marked with piceous along the parapsidal suture, the abdomen has silvery and piceous pile that produce a piceous arch across the dorsal tergites from tergites 3 – 7 and the males and females are of similar size in G. panamensis. The new species can be distinguished from the remaining species of Guyalna relatively easily as well. The new species has a body length (18 - 23 mm) less than G. aurora Ruschel, 2017, G. bonaerensis (Berg, 1879), G. brisa (Walker, 1850), G. chlorogena (Walker, 1850), G. flavipronotum (Sanborn, 2007 b), G. fumea (Distant, 1883), G. jamesi Sanborn, 2016 b, G. principes Ruschel, 2017, G. rufapicalis Boulard, 1998, G. sakakibari Ruschel, 2017 and G. spinula Ruschel, 2017 all of which have body lengths greater than 25 mm. The smaller body size (19 mm or less) of G. cuta (Walker, 1850), G. nadae Gogala, Šporar, Sanborn & Maccagnan, 2015, G. nigra Boulard, 1999, G. parvula (Jacobi, 1904), G. platyrhina Sanborn & Heath, 2014 and G. sublaqueata (Uhler, 1903) distinguish them from the new species. The new species can be distinguished from G. atalapae Boulard & Martinelli, 2011 by the orange basal area and smoky distal edge of its fore wing, from G. bleuzeni Boulard & Martinelli, 2011, G. coffea Sanborn, Moore & Young, 2008 and G. distanti (Goding, 1925) where the mesothorax is marked only along the parapsidal suture with piceous, from G. densusa Boulard & Martinelli, 2011 and G. jauffreti Boulard & Martinelli, 1996 by the ochraceous ventral surfaces of these species, from G. flavantica Ruschel, 2017, G. maxineae Sanborn, 2016 b and G. tenebrae Ruschel, 2017 by the infuscation at the base of the hind wing extending about a third of hind wing length and the basal cell of the fore wing is colored completely, from G. pilosa Ruschel, 2017 by the infuscation at the base of the hind wing extending about a third of hind wing length, the basal cell of the fore wing is colored completely and the dense pile possessed by this species. Finally, G. glauca (Goding, 1925) has a monochromatic green head and thorax without piceous markings.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A44795129B7DE17F7842EAC.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The type series was collected in Darién Province, on Barro Colorado Island and at Curiche, Choco, Colombia. Curiche is less than 30 km south of the Panamanian border on the west coast of Colombia. The species was reported from Barro Colorado Island, Panama Canal Zone, 120 m altitude in lowland forest (Wolda 1989; Wolda & Ramos 1992) and from Las Cumbres, 15 km north of Panama City in Panama (Wolda 1993) as an undetermined species.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A40796E29B7DC54F2802A95.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES. Cicada semilata Walker, 1850: 122. (St. Lucia, Antilles and Cayenne, French Guiana)	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A40796E29B7DC54F2802A95.taxon	discussion	Remarks. There has been significant confusion as to the characteristics that define Dorisiana. The problems began with the genus being introduced as part of a taxonomic key (Delétang 1919) and neither Metcalf (1952) with the replacement name nor Boulard & Martinelli (1996) provided a full description of the genus when they separated Dorisana and Guyalna by two characters in a key when Guyalna was introduced. The lack of a full generic description has led to multiple species being assigned to incorrect genera or species being reassigned to different genera only to be reassigned again in the future. Delétang (1919) lists a cruciform elevation notched in the form of a more or less open semicircle while Boulard & Marinelli (1996) list a tapered, triangular timbal cover as characteristic of Dorisiana. Dorisiana is most similar to Guyalna but species can be distinguished by the head being as wide or wider than the mesonotum with eyes not extending beyond the lateral edges of the pronotum, triangular timbal covers, ventral margin of the timbal cover angled dorsally not parallel to the long body axis, and the lateral lobe of the uncus does not extend to the same lengths as the species of Guyalna (Sanborn 2016 a).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A40796E29B7DC54F2802A95.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The genus has been reported over much of the New World with examples being recorded from the Antilles, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Surinam, Trinidad & Tobago, Uruguay, and Venezuela (Metcalf 1963 a; Duffels & van der Laan 1985; Sanborn 2011 a; 2011 b; 2013; 2014; 2016 b; Sanborn & Heath 2014).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A7F796E29B7D989F3932C9B.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The species has been reported from Panama so the “ probable ” identification of Wolda & Ramos (1992) is considered to be valid. It is the largest of the Panamanian Dorisiana species with body lengths greater than 30 mm and a wingspan greater than 85 mm. All other Panamanian Dorisiana species have body lengths less than 30 mm and wingspans less than 80 mm. The head and thorax are green (fading to tawny) with minimal marking and a castaneous abdomen.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A7F796E29B7D989F3932C9B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species has been recorded from Costa Rica, Guatemala, and Panama (Metcalf 1963 a; Duffels & van der Laan 1985; Sanborn 2013; 2014). Panamanian specimens are reported from Barro Colorado Island, Panama Canal Zone, 120 m altitude in lowland forest (Wolda & Ramos 1992) and Chiriqui (Sueur 2000).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A7F796E29B7DF97F7F92FFD.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The identifications of “ nr. cachla ” are considered valid as the already described species. The body is green with much greater piceous markings than other species of Dorisiana in Panama. The piceous pile on the abdomen forms a distinct arch on the dorsal and lateral tergites from tergites 3 – 7. It is also the only Panamanian species of Dorisiana to have a piceous abdominal tergite 1. This is a dry season cicada with emergence between mid-January and early May (Wolda 1989). The population at Las Cumbres became active earlier than on Barro Colorado Island (Wolda 1993).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A7F796E29B7DF97F7F92FFD.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species has been recorded previously from Costa Rica (Metcalf 1963 a; Sanborn 2013). Localities in Panama of what was previously reported as “ nr. cachla ” include Barro Colorado Island, Panama Canal Zone, 120 m altitude in lowland forest (Wolda 1989; Wolda & Ramos 1992), Las Cumbres, 15 km north of Panama City (Wolda 1989), and Las Cumbres, Province of Panama, 150 m altitude in secondary growth forest (Wolda & Ramos 1992) in Panama but the population at at Las Cumbres has since gone extinct (Wolda 1993).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A7F796E29B7DF97F7F92FFD.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined for new record. Panama, San Blas Prov., Punta Escobar Near, 31 – Jan – 79, Caroline Ash, STRI _ ENT _ 0 0 0 0 463 (STRI); Panama, San Blas Prov., Punta Escobar Near, 31 – Jan – 79, Caroline Ash, STRI _ ENT _ 0 0 0 0 480 (STRI); Panama, San Blas Prov., Punta Escobar Near, 30 – Jan – 74, Caroline Ash, STRI _ ENT _ 0 0 0 0 481 (STRI); Panama, San Blas Prov., Punta Escobar Near, 1 – Apr – 78, Caroline Ash, STRI _ ENT _ 0 0 0 0 482 (STRI).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A7E796F29B7DBDCF31D2AD1.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES. Ollanta mexicana Distant, 1905 a: 141. (Atoyac, Vera Cruz, Mexico)	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A7E796F29B7DBDCF31D2AD1.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Species of the genus are distinguished by their prominent eyes projecting laterally beyond the anterior angles of the pronotum, the head being broader than the mesonotum, a globose postclypeus, large timbal covers exposing only a portion of the timbal dorsally with rounded anterior covering timbal cavity laterally, anteriorly narrowing lateral pronotal margins, abdomen about as long as length between apex of postclypeus and posterior cruciform elevation (Distant 1905 d). The genus can be distinguished from Pacarina Distant, 1905 d by the vertex in the are of the ocelli being about the same as the length of the frons rather that being longer than the frons as it is in Pacarina, the large timbal covers that enclose the timbal cavity laterally, the more globose postcylpeus, and larger body size (Distant 1905 d; 1906; Sanborn et al. 2012).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A7E796F29B7DBDCF31D2AD1.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The genus has been reported from the Caribbean and Central America with records from the Bahamas, Belize, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, and the Turks & Caicos (Metcalf, 1963 a; Sanborn & Maes 2012; Maes et al. 2012; Sanborn, 2013; 2014).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A7E796F29B7D850F4A52CC7.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The generic characters will also distinguish the only known species in Panama. This species is dark brown marked with piceous, the abdomen is covered with gray pile. The white pubescent areas in the posterior half of the wing grooves and lateral metanotum are also obvious features when the wings are spread.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A7E796F29B7D850F4A52CC7.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The range of this species has been expanded significantly over the recent past with records now reported for Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, and Nicaragua (Metcalf, 1963 a; Sanborn & Maes 2012; Maes et al. 2012; Sanborn, 2013; 2014).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A7E796F29B7D850F4A52CC7.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined for new record. Panama, Panama Prov., Canal Zone, BCI, 9.1667 - 79.8333, 11 – Jan – 77, Henk Wolda, STRI _ ENT _ 0 0 23035 (STRI); Panama, Panama Prov., Canal Zone, BCI, 9.1667 - 79.8333, 30 – Jul – 73, Henk Wolda, STRI _ ENT _ 0 0 23037 (STRI).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A7E796F29B7DE6DF4D62F61.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES. Pacarina puella Davis, 1923 nom. nov. pro Cicada signifera Walker, 1858, nec Cicada signifera Germar, 1830: 11. (Orizaba, Vera Cruz, Mexico)	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A7E796F29B7DE6DF4D62F61.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Sanborn et al. (2012) provided a complete generic description. Species of Pacarina are recognized by their prominent eyes that project laterally beyond the anterior edges of the pronotum, the small size and abrupt facial color change, triangular timbal covers of the males, the nonparallel status of the radial and radiomedial crossveins in the forewings is a secondary diagnostic character (Sanborn et al. 2012). They are most similar to species of Ollanta in Panama but species of Ollanta are larger with timbal covers that cover the timbals laterally, have a globose postclypeus and the vertex in the area of the ocelli is about the same length as the frons (Distant 1905 d; 1906; Sanborn et al. 2012).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A7E796F29B7DE6DF4D62F61.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The range of the genus Pacarina extends from Panama in the south, through Central America northward into the United States of America with records from Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, and the United States of America (Metcalf, 1963 a; Duffels & van der Laan, 1985; Sanborn et al. 2012; Sanborn, 2013).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A7D796C29B7DBDCF53B2B89.taxon	description	(Fig. 3)	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A7D796C29B7DBDCF53B2B89.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This is a small cicada with eyes projecting beyond the lateral portion of the anterior pronotum (Fig. 3). Pacarina puella can be distinguished from P. schumanni by the lack of piceous or fuscous marking on the medial quarter or third of the male operculum and the lack of a piceous stripe on the medial sternites of the female. It is a dry season cicada that emerges between early December and mid-May (Wolda 1977; 1989) with differences in the seasonal pattern in Las Cumbres and Barro Colorado Island (Wolda 1993). The species has been associated with Prosopis (Sanborn et al. 2012).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A7D796C29B7DBDCF53B2B89.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species has an expansive range with records from Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, and the United States of America (Metcalf 1963 a; Duffels & van der Laan 1985; Sanborn et al. 2012; Sanborn 2013; 2014). The species has been reported from Las Cumbres, 15 km north of Panama City (Wolda 1989; 1993), Las Cumbres, Province of Panama, 150 m altitude in secondary growth forest (Wolda & Ramos 1992), and from Barro Colorado Island, Panama Canal Zone, 120 m altitude in lowland forest (Wolda 1977; 1993; Wolda & Ramos 1992).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A7D796C29B7DBDCF53B2B89.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Panama, Colon Prov., Canal Zone, Pipeline Road, Canopy, 9.183 - 79.764, 1 – Apr – 76, STRI _ ENT _ 0 0 0 0 510 (STRI); Panama, Panama Prov., Curundu, 8.989 - 79.551, 26 Nov 1981 to 0 1 Dec 1981, R. Silbergleied, STRI _ ENT _ 0 0 0 0 514 (STRI); Panama, Colon Prov., Canal Zone, Coco Solo Hospital, 9.35 - 79.85, 9 – Apr – 75, Dodge Engleman STRI _ ENT _ 0000517 (STRI).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A7D796D29B7D8A8F5E72BFE.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This is another small cicada with eyes projecting beyond the lateral portion of the anterior pronotum. Pacarina schumanni can be distinguished from P. puella by the piceous or fuscous marking on the medial quarter or third of the male operculum and the piceous stripe on the medial sternites of the female.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A7D796D29B7D8A8F5E72BFE.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species has been reported previously from Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, and Nicaragua (Metcalf 1963 a; Sanborn 2013; 2014; Sanborn et al. 2012; Sanborn & Maes 2012; Maes et al. 2012).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A7D796D29B7D8A8F5E72BFE.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined for new record. “ PANAMA — Canal Zone / Barro Colorado Is. / II – 16 – 67 / Roger D. Akre ” three males (WSUC), one male and one female (AFSC); “ PANAMA — Canal Zone / Barro Colorado Is. / II – 21 – 67 No. / Roger D. Akre ” one male (WSUC), one female (AFSC); “ PANAMA — Canal Zone / Barro Colorado Is. / II – 17 – 67 No. / Roger D. Akre ” one male (AFSC); “ PANAMA — Canal Zone / Barro Colorado Is. / II – 25 – 67 No. / Roger D. Akre ” one male (AFSC); “ PANAMA — Canal Zone / Barro Colorado Is. / II – 18 – 67 No. / Roger D. Akre ” one female (AFSC); “ PANAMA — Canal Zone / Barro Colorado Is. / III – 4 – 67 No. / Roger D. Akre ” one female (WSUC); “ PANAMA — Canal Zone / Barro Colorado Is. / II – 20 – 67 No. / Roger D. Akre ” one male (WSUC); “ PANAMA — Canal Zone / Barro Colorado Is. / 8 – II – 1967 No. / Roger D. Akre ” one female (WSUC); “ PANAMA — Canal Zone / Barro Colorado Is. / 11 – III – 63 No. / Roger D. Akre ” one female (WSUC); “ PANAMA — Canal Zone / Barro Colorado Is. / 29 – II – 63 No. / Roger D. Akre // Taken at / Ultraviolet Light / Time: ” one female (WSUC); “ PANAMA — Canal Zone / Barro Colorado Is. / 14 – III – 63 No. / Roger D. Akre // Taken at / Ultraviolet Light / Time: ” one female (WSUC); “ PANAMA — Canal Zone / Barro Colorado Is. / 18 – III – 63 No. / Roger D. Akre // Taken at / Ultraviolet Light / Time: ” one female (WSUC), one male (AFSC); “ PANAMA — Canal Zone / Barro Colorado Is. / II – 16 – 67 / Richard L. Torgerson ” three females (WSUC); “ PANAMA — Canal Zone / Barro Colorado Is. / II – 12 – 67 / Richard L. Torgerson ” two males and two females (WSUC); “ PANAMA-Canal Zone / Barro Colorado Is. / 23 – IV – 63 No. / CW & ME Rettenmeyer // Taken at / Light / Time: ” one male (KSUC); “ PANAMA-Canal Zone / Barro Colorado Is. / 25 – IV – 63 No. / CW & ME Rettenmeyer // Taken at / Light / Time: ” one male (KSUC); “ PANAMA-Canal Zone / Barro Colorado Is. / 3 – III – 63 No. / CW & ME Rettenmeyer // Taken at / Light / Time: ” one female (KSUC); “ PANAMA-Canal Zone / Barro Colorado Is. / 20 – IV – 63 No. / CW & ME Rettenmeyer // Taken at / Light / Time: ” one female (KSUC); “ PANAMA-Canal Zone / Barro Colorado Is. / 27 – IV – 63 No. / CW & ME Rettenmeyer // Taken at / Light / Time: ” one male (KSUC); “ PANAMA-Canal Zone / Barro Colorado Is. / 19 – III – 63 No. / CW & ME Rettenmeyer // Taken at / Light / Time: ” one male (KSUC), one female (AFSC); “ PANAMA-Canal Zone / Barro Colorado Is. / 28 – II – 63 No. / CW & ME Rettenmeyer // Taken at / Light / Time: ” one female (KSUC); “ PANAMA-Canal Zone / Barro Colorado Is. / 14 – III – 63 No. / CW & ME Rettenmeyer // Taken at / Light / Time: ” one female (KSUC), one male (AFSC); “ PANAMA-Canal Zone / Barro Colorado Is. / 4 – III – 63 No. / CW & ME Rettenmeyer // Taken at / Light / Time: ” one female (KSUC); “ PANAMA-Canal Zone / Barro Colorado Is. / 21 – III – 63 No. / CW & ME Rettenmeyer // Taken at / Light / Time: ” one female (KSUC), one female (AFSC); “ PANAMA-Canal Zone / Barro Colorado Is. / 1 – III – 63 No. / CW & ME Rettenmeyer ” one female (KSUC), one male (AFSC); “ PANAMA-Canal Zone / Barro Colorado Is. / 1 – III – 63 No. / CW & ME Rettenmeyer ” one female (KSUC); “ PANAMA-Canal Zone / Barro Colorado Is. / 1 – III – 63 No. / CW & ME Rettenmeyer ” one male (KSUC); “ PANAMA-Canal Zone / Barro Colorado Is. / 5 – III – 63 No. / CW & ME Rettenmeyer ” one male (KSUC); “ PANAMA-Canal Zone / Barro Colorado Island / 8. IV. 1956 / Carl W. & Marian E. / Rettenmeyer, No. ” one female (KSUC); “ Panama, Canal Zone / Barro Colorado Is. / 2 – III – 63 No. / CW & ME Rettenmeyer // Taken at / Ultraviolet Light / Time: ” one female (AFSC); “ Panama, Canal Zone / Barro Colorado Is. / 16 – III – 63 No. / CW & ME Rettenmeyer // Taken at / Ultraviolet Light / Time: ” one female (AFSC); “ Panama, C. Z. / Gatun / Gatun Lake Lookout / April 7 – 8, 1987 / J. R. MacDonald ” two males and one female (AFSC); “ PANAMA: Panama Prov. / Serrania de Maje, / 4 km. SW Torti, el. 1000 ’ / N 8 o 54.298 ’, W 78 o 25.804 ’, / I – 14 – 2001 / A. R. Gillogly ” one female (TAMU); “ PANAMA: Rodman Ammo Area CZ / EX: UV LampL-Trap / coll. E. H. A. / 10 Jan 1975 ” two females (UDCC), one male (AFSC); “ Ancon, C. Z. / 8 Mar 1972 ” one male (AFSC); “ PANAMA: Cocle Prov. / 6 Mi. E. El Valle / I – 13 – 1974 / J. Harrington ” one male (AFSC); “ PANAMA: / Barro Colorado Island / 22 March 1957 / P. G. Howes ” one female (AFSC); “ PANAMA, C. Z. / Cerro Paraiso / 1 Jan. 1987 / J. R. MacDonald ” one female (AFSC); “ Panama, C. Z. / Cocolo / April 9, 1987 / J. R. MacDonald ” one male and one female (AFSC).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A7C796D29B7DF07F4472E32.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES. Cicada alacris Stål 1864: 62. (Mexico)	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A7C796D29B7DF07F4472E32.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Sanborn & Heath (2012) provided the first full generic description with additional refinement of the generic characters by Hill et al. (2015). Marshall et al. (2018) reassigned the genus to the Fidicinini from the Cryptotympanini.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A7C796D29B7DF07F4472E32.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The Panamanian records represent the southern limit of the genus, which has been recorded from Bahamas, Belize, Cayman Islands, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, the United States of America, and the West Indies (Metcalf 1963 b; Duffels & van der Laan 1985; Sanborn 2013). Records from Brazil, Guyana, Surinam and Venezuela are questionable or refer to Diceroprocta grossa (Fabricius, 1775) or Diceroprocta tibicen (Linnaeus, 1758), both incertae sedis species (Metcalf 1963 a; Sanborn 2007 b; 2013).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A7C796A29B7DD32F7322951.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The green prothorax, ochraceous mesothorax marked with piceous with ferruginous lateral regions, the ferruginous timbal covers, on the piceous dorsal abdomen make the species easy to distinguish. The species can be differentiated from related species of Diceroprocta by its size (body length 22.6 mm, wing span 73.3 mm), the entire prothorax is green, the lack of markings on the dorsal mesothorax anterior to the cruciform elevation, the median uncus lobes do not curve beyond the lateral uncus lobes, the testaceous timbal covers extend well above the abdominal surface contrasting the piceous abdominal tergites. However, the southern records may represent misidentifications of D. heathi (Sanborn 2010 a) based on the known range from the type series (Sanborn 2010 a). Specimens from Panama need to be reviewed to verify the presence of this species as the descriptions in Walker (1858) are sufficiently vague so that D. bimaculata (Sanborn 2010 a) and D. heathi would also fit the descriptions provided by Walker (1858) and Distant (1881) figured an example of D. bimaculata as D. nigriventris.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A7C796A29B7DD32F7322951.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species has been reported from Costa Rica, Mexico, and Panama (Metcalf 1963 a; Sanborn 2013; 2014).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A7B796A29B7DAD0F31B2AF5.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES. Cicada maculipennis de Laporte, 1832: 412. (French Guiana and Brazil)	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A7B796A29B7DAD0F31B2AF5.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Species of the genus Hemisciera are distinguished easily from all other Fidicinini by the bright green basal area of the fore wings and bright red on the basal area of the hind wings.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A7B796A29B7DAD0F31B2AF5.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The genus has been recorded from Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, French Guiana, Panama, and Peru (Metcalf 1963 a; Sanborn 2011 a; 2013; Sanborn & Heath 2014). Panamanian specimens are reported from Barro Colorado Island, Panama Canal Zone, 120 m altitude in lowland forest (Wolda & Ramos 1992).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A7B796A29B7D87CF6E32D1C.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The species is medium sized (body length 31 - 34 mm) with a piceous and brown body. The bright green basal area of the fore wings and bright red on the basal area of the hind wings make the species very easy to identify.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A7B796A29B7D87CF6E32D1C.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species has been recorded from Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, French Guiana, Panama, and Peru (Metcalf 1963 a; Sanborn 2011 a; 2013; Sanborn & Heath 2014). The species has been reported from Barro Colorado Island, Panama Canal Zone, 120 m altitude in lowland forest (Wolda & Ramos 1992) in Panama.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A7B796A29B7DE25F5A62EC7.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES. Fidicina aper Walker 1850: 87. (Cayenne, French Guiana)	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A7B796A29B7DE25F5A62EC7.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Species of Majeorona are distinguished by a head width that is wider than the mesonotum, with prominent eyes that are stylate and extended anteriorly, the pronotum is shorter than the mesonotum and the timbal covers are not concave dorsally.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A7B796A29B7DE25F5A62EC7.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Species of the genus have been reported from Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, and Peru (Metcalf 1963 a; Duffels & van der Laan 1985; Sanborn 2011 a; 2013; 2014; Sanborn & Maes 2012; Maes et al. 2012).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A7B796B29B7DC6DF2DA2975.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This is the largest of the Majeorona species known to Panama with body lengths of about 48 mm and wing spans of more than 120 mm. The basic brown and piceous coloration, the anterior extension of the postclypeus when viewed from the dorsal side and the fore wings have infuscation on the radial and radiomedial crossveins which easily distinguish it from M. truncata Goding, 1925.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A7B796B29B7DC6DF2DA2975.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species is known from Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Nicaragua, and Panama (Metcalf 1963 a; Sanborn 2011 a; 2013; Maes et al. 2012; Sanborn & Maes 2012). It was reported as being collected in Panama by Wolda & Ramos (1992) but without locality data.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A7B796B29B7DC6DF2DA2975.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. “ PANAMA / Cardenas / 29 – May – 1984 / D. Kemp ” one male (AFSC).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A7A796B29B7DAFCF7202B8F.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This is the smallest of the Majeorona species known to Panama with body lengths of about 28 mm and wing spans less than 80 mm. The green head and thorax marked with piceous with a piceous abdomen, the postclypeus not extending anteriorly beyond the supra-antennal plates when viewed from the dorsal side and the fore wings lacking infuscation on the radial and radiomedial crossveins which easily distinguish it from M. aper.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A7A796B29B7DAFCF7202B8F.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species has previously been reported from Brazil, Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama (Metcalf 1963 a; Sanborn 2011 a; 2013; 2014; Sanborn & Maes 2012; Maes et al. 2012).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A7A796B29B7DAFCF7202B8F.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined for new record. “ PANAMA, San Blas Pr. / Nusagandi, 28 may (sic) ’ 95 Cavan ” one male (BYUC); “ PANAMA: Colón / Sierra Llorona Lodge 225 m / Cerro Sta. Rita 2 – 3 Aug 2008 / J. B. Heppner ” one male (FSCA).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A7A796B29B7D8B5F4712E97.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES. Cicada gigas Olivier 1790: 750. (Java).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A7A796B29B7D8B5F4712E97.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The genus was recently reassigned to Fidicinini with the synonymy of the Hyantiini (Marshall et al. 2018). Only Quesada and Mura in the Panamanian Fidicinini have small timbal covers that recurve at least partially and do not cover the timbal. Specimens of Quesada can be distinguished from the species of Mura Distant, 1905 a by the much larger body size (body lengths greater than 30 mm), a timbal cover that is recurved for only part of its length with an anterior triangular extension, the basal cell of the fore wing is only slightly longer than broad, the abdomen is about as long as the distance between the anterior head and posterior cruciform elevation, and the pygofer angles medially towards the distal terminus. The species emerges in the dry season during mid-February with emergence appearing to be dependent on soil moisture levels but is independent of when the last of the rains actually occurred (Wolda 1984).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A7A796B29B7D8B5F4712E97.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The two species of the genus have been reported from the Antilles, Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Trinidad & Tobago, United States of America, Uruguay, Venezuela, and the West Indies (Metcalf 1963 a; Duffels & van der Laan 1985; Sanborn 2011 b; 2013; 2014; Sanborn & Heath 2014; Reis et al. 2015; Maccagnan et al. 2017).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A7A796829B7DD9DF2E52B26.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The type locality of Java is a mistake. The species is found over most of the New World (Sanborn & Heath 2014). The undetermined species of Quesada in Wolda (1977) is Q. gigas as it was found with Q. gigas and the other species of the genus has only been recorded from Brazil and Peru (Metcalf 1963 a; Duffels & van der Laan 1985; Sanborn 2013). Quesada gigas is the largest of the Panamanian cicadas with body lengths up to 45 mm and wingspans of 120 mm reported (Sanborn & Heath 2017). The body is brown marked with piceous. The male abdomen is widest at segments 3 and 4, male timbal covers recurve along the posterior timbal cavity forming a ribbon-like structure posterior to the timbals with a small triangular extension laterally. This is a dry season cicada (Wolda 1989). The species calls at dawn, during the day and at dusk in Panama (Wolda 1993) similar to the pattern described for the species in Argentina (Sanborn et al. 1995). Males emerge earlier than females (Wolda & Ramos 1992). The song sounds like a whistle.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A7A796829B7DD9DF2E52B26.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species may have the most extensive north to south range of any cicada species. It has been reported from as far south as central Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, the Antilles, the West Indies, Trinidad & Tobago, Uruguay, Venezuela, extending to the southern United States (Metcalf 1963 a; Duffels & van der Laan 1985; Maccagnan & Martinelli 2011; Sanborn 2011 b; 2013; 2014; Maccagnan et al. 2014; 2017; Monteiro et al. 2014; Sanborn & Heath 2014; Reis et al. 2015; Oliveira et al. 2017). The species has been reported from Las Cumbres, 15 km north of Panama City (Wolda 1989), and Las Cumbres, Province of Panama, 150 m altitude in secondary growth forest (Wolda & Ramos 1992) in Panama.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A79796829B7D8C8F2ED2D35.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES. Mura elegantula Distant 1905 a: 143.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A79796829B7D8C8F2ED2D35.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The genus was recently reassigned to the Fidicinini with the synonymy of the Hyantiini (Marshall et al. 2018). Only Mura and Quesada in the Panamanian Fidicinini have small timbal covers that recurve at least partially and do not cover the timbal. Specimens of Mura can be distinguished from the species of Quesada by the much smaller body size (body lengths less than 25 mm), a timbal cover that is recurved for its entire length without an anterior triangular extension, the basal cell of the fore wing is longer than broad, and the abdomen is longer than the distance between the anterior head and posterior cruciform elevation (Distant 1905 a).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A79796829B7D8C8F2ED2D35.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The genus is currently only known from Panama (Metcalf 1963 a; Sanborn 2013).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A79796829B7DE3CF4332FB4.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The single species of the Panamanian genus Mura Distant 1905 c can be distinguished by the frons being half the length of the vertex, the lateral pronotal margins are adpressed so they are not visible from the dorsal side, the radial and radiomedial crossveins are parallel, the mediocubital crossvein is perpendicular to cubitus anterior 2, the presence of two spines on the fore femur, the opercula with a smoothly rounded lateral and posterior margin, and the lateral margins of the anterior abdominal segments are parallel. It has been confused with Procollina quadrimaculata n. sp. (e. g. https: // stricollections. org / portal / taxa / index. php? taxon = 51555 & taxaauthid = 1) but the new species can be distinguished quickly by the lateral expansion of the pronotum, the three fore femoral spines, the parallel sides of the abdominal segments, and infuscation lacking on all crossveins and distal veins separating the apical cells of the fore wings.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A79796829B7DE3CF4332FB4.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species is endemic to Panama (Metcalf 1963 a; Sanborn 2013). The species has been reported from Chiriqui (Distant 1905 a) and at Fortuna, Province of Chiriquí, at 1050 m altitude in forest habitat (Wolda & Ramos 1992) in Panama.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A78796929B7D8E6F2632D4E.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES. Cicada formosa Germar 1830: 45. (Brazil)	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A78796929B7D8E6F2632D4E.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Species of Carineta are characterized by having a head that is narrower than the mesonotum, the frons is as long as or slightly longer than the vertex, a pronotum that is considerably shorter than the mesonotum, and the fore wing width is about one-third the fore wing length (Distant 1906). It is the New World genus with the greatest known alpha diversity (Sanborn 2017 b).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A78796929B7D8E6F2632D4E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The genus is the most speciose in the New World with species being reported from Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Martinique, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela, and the West Indies (Metcalf 1963 c; Duffels & van der Laan 1985; Sanborn 2011 a; 2011 b; 2013; 2014; 2017 b; Sanborn & Heath 2014).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A78796929B7D966F2782B5E.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE GENUS. Carineta Amyot & Audinet-Serville 1843: 482.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A78796929B7D966F2782B5E.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Members of the tribe are characterized by a pronotum that is distinctly narrowed anteriorly, oblique lateral pronotal margins, a mesonotum longer than the pronotum, a robust body that narrows anteriorly and posteriorly, and usually hyaline wings with heavy infuscation found in only a few species, male claspers and basal lobe appendages can be elaborate in some genera (Distant 1905 c; Marshall et al. 2018).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A78796929B7DBDCF53D29DE.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The Cicadettinae can be distinguished by the metanotum being partially visible on the dorsal midline, fore wing cubitus posterior and anal vein 1 partially fused, hind wing radius posterior and median veins fused at their bases, male opercula not strongly S-shaped nor with deeply concave lateral margin, males without abdominal timbal covers, the male pygofer with undeveloped distal shoulder, pygofer upper lobes present, claspers large dominating abdominal segment 10 (except in the Katoini Moulds and Marshall, 2018 (in Marshall et al. 2018 )) and not spined, uncus small, aedeagus without ventrobasal pocket and restrained by claspers, and apical theca lacking leaf-like lateral lobes (Moulds 2005; Marshall et al. 2018).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A78796629B7DEF7F75E290D.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is first of the large, primarily greenish Carineta species found in Panama. It is intermediate in size for the three species with body lengths of approximately 23 mm and a wingspan of about 68 mm. It differs from the two similar species, C. verna Distant, 1883 and C. viridicata Distant, 1883, in the deeply sulcate postclypeus, the more angled lateral prothorax, the transverse fuscous stripe on the anterior pronotal collar, the dark ochraceous mesothorax and castaneous abdomen, the greater amount of pile especially on the ventral head and body, and the fore wing ulnar cell 2 is about seven-eighths the length of ulnar cell 1 in this species. Carineta viridicata differs in the head and thorax are bright green with a more elongated green and pale ochraceous abdomen, the fore wing ulnar cell 2 is about two-thirds the length of ulnar cell 1, and the male opercula are widely separated. It differs from C. verna by its castaneous head, the dull ochraceous mesothorax marked with piceous, and the pale castaneous abdomen, the greater amount of pile particularly on the ventral head and body, and smaller body length (20 mm) and wingspan (63 mm) of this species.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A78796629B7DEF7F75E290D.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species is currently known from Panama (Metcalf 1963 c; Sanborn 2013). It has been reported from Volcan Chiriqui in Panama (Distant 1883). It was reported as being collected in Panama by Wolda & Ramos (1992) but without locality data.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A78796629B7DEF7F75E290D.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. “ PANAMÁ: Chiriquí / Hartmann’s finca, / St. Clara, VI – 15 – / 18 – 85 Riley & Rider ” one female (AFSC).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A77796629B7DA34F44F2CAF.taxon	discussion	Remarks. One of the small Carineta species in Panama. It can be distinguished by the linear infuscation within the apical cells of the fore wings, a light castaneous head, darker castaneous mesothorax, both minimally marked with piceous, castaneous abdomen tergites and dark castaneous abdominal sternites, and the epipleurites are angled ventrally from the sternites.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A77796629B7DA34F44F2CAF.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species is known from Costa Rica, Guatemala, Nicaragua, and Panama (Metcalf 1963 c; Sanborn 2013; 2014). It has been reported from Volcan de Chiriqui in Panama (Distant 1883) and at Boquete, Province of Chiriquí, at 1350 m altitude in remnant forest habitat (Wolda & Ramos 1992) in Panama.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A77796629B7DA34F44F2CAF.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. “ PANAMA: Darién Prov. / P. N. Darién Cerro Pirre / “ Campo Plastico ” 620 m / 7.9973 ° N, 77.7129 ° W / VI – 3 – 5 – 2015, E. Riley, UV // TAMU — ENTO / X 1229693 ” one female (TAMU); “ PANAMA: Darién Prov. / P. N. Darién Cerro Pirre / “ Campo Plastico ” 620 m / 7.9973 ° N, 77.7129 ° W / VI – 3 – 5 – 2015, E. Riley, UV // TAMU — ENTO / X 1230073 ” one female (TAMU); “ PANAMA: Darién Prov. / P. N. Darién Cerro Pirre / “ Campo Plastico ” 620 m / 7.9973 ° N, 77.7129 ° W / VI – 3 – 5 – 2015, E. Riley, UV // TAMU — ENTO / X 1229968 ” one female (AFSC); “ PANAMA: Darién Prov. / P. N. Darién Cerro Pirre / “ Campo Plastico ” 620 m / 7.9973 ° N, 77.7129 ° W / VI – 3 – 5 – 2015, E. Riley, UV // TAMU — ENTO / X 1229712 ” one female (TAMU); “ PANAMA: Darién Prov. / P. N. Darién Cerro Pirre / “ Campo Plastico ” 620 m / 7.9973 ° N, 77.7129 ° W / VI – 3 – 5 – 2015, E. Riley, UV // TAMU — ENTO / X 1230051 ” one male (TAMU); “ PANAMA: Panama / El Llano-Carti Rd. km. / 7 – 8, 9 May 1996 / R. Turnbow ” one male (FSCA); “ Panama: Colon Prov. / Santa Rita Ridge / 9 ° 22 ’ N, 79 ° 44 ’ W / 13 June, 76: E. G. Riley ” one male and one female (AFSC); “ PANAMA, San Blas Pr. / Nusangandi, / 28 – V – 1995 / D. J. Cavan ” one female (AFSC); “ PANAMA: Canal Zone / Base of Cerro / Galera VI- 19 - 1985 / E. Riley & D. Rider // LSAM / 0300508 ” one female (LSAM).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A77796629B7DE55F7C92EE6.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Another of the small Carineta species in Panama. The hyaline wings, green head and thorax marked extensively with piceous and a castaneous abdomen with transverse piceous bands anteriorly and green posterior tergites and a piceous longitudinal stripe on the medial abdominal sternites can distinguish it.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A77796629B7DE55F7C92EE6.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species has been recorded from Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, and Panama (Metcalf 1963 c; Duffels & van der Laan 1985; Sanborn 2013; 2014). The species was collected at Corriente Grande, Province of Bocas del Toro at 100 m altitude in the forest along the Changuinola River, and at Boquete, Province of Chiriquí, at 1350 m altitude in remnant forest habitat (Wolda & Ramos 1992) in Panama.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A77796629B7DE55F7C92EE6.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. “ PANAMA: Veraguas Prov. / Alto Piedra, 5 km NW / Santa Fe, 800 m elev. / VI 11 – 14 2016, N. J. Smith ” one male (UCDC); “ PANAMA: Panama Prov. / 15 km. N El Llano / mv + bl, 13 May 1991 / R. Turnbow ” one male (FSCA).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A77796729B7DC0FF6E32A95.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This is the first of the three large species heavily marked with piceous with a spot of infuscation on the end apex of anal cell 2 in the hind wing. It can be quickly distinguished from C. trivittata Walker, 1858 b by the spot of infuscation on the mediocubital crossvein and in the wing margin distal to apical cells 1 – 3 in the hind wing of C. trivittata. This species can be distinguished from the primarily ochraceous C. postica Walker, 1858 b by the spot of infuscation in the distal fore wing cubital cell (absent in C. postica), the greenish rather than ochraceous head and thorax, the more extensive piceous markings, and the more dense pile in C. maculosa.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A77796729B7DC0FF6E32A95.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species has been reported from Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, Paraguay, and Venezuela (Metcalf 1963 c; Duffels & van der Laan 1985; Sanborn 2011 b; 2013; Sanborn & Heath 2014). The species was collected at Corriente Grande, Province of Bocas del Toro at 100 m altitude in the forest along the Changuinola River, at Fortuna, Province of Chiriquí, at 1050 m altitude in forest habitat, at Boquete, Province of Chiriquí, at 1350 m altitude in remnant forest habitat, and Barro Colorado Island, Panama Canal Zone, 120 m altitude in lowland forest (Wolda & Ramos 1992) in Panama.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A77796729B7DC0FF6E32A95.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. “ Panama: Chiriqui / Volcan Chiriqui / 14 – VIII – 2 0 0 0 / WESTON OPITZ ” ONE FEMALE (FSCA).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A76796729B7D99CF5512CAF.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This is the second of the three large species heavily marked with piceous with a spot of infuscation on the end apex of anal cell 2 in the hind wing. It can be quickly distinguished from C. trivittata Walker, 1858 b by the spot of infuscation on the mediocubital crossvein and in the wing margin distal to apical cells 1 – 3 in the hind wing of C. trivittata. Carineta maculosa Torres, 1948 can be distinguished by the spot of infuscation in the distal fore wing cubital cell, the greenish rather than ochraceous head and thorax, the more extensive piceous markings, and the more dense pile in C. maculosa.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A76796729B7D99CF5512CAF.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species is known from Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Panamá, and Peru (Metcalf 1963 c; Duffels & van der Laan 1985; Sanborn & Maes 2012; Maes et al. 2012; Sanborn 2013; 2014). The species has been reported from Chiriquí in Panama (Jacobi 1907). It was reported as being collected in Panama by Wolda & Ramos (1992) but without locality data.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A76796729B7DE55F58F2EC3.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This is the third of the three large species heavily marked with piceous with a spot of infuscation on the end apex of anal cell 2 in the hind wing. It can be quickly distinguished from C. postica and C. maculosa by the spot of infuscation on the mediocubital crossvein and in the wing margin distal to apical cells 1 – 3 in the hind wing of this species. This is a dry season cicada (Wolda & Ramos 1992).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A76796729B7DE55F58F2EC3.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species has been reported from Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, and Peru (Metcalf 1963 c; Sanborn 2013; 2014). The species has been reported from Volcan de Chiriqui in Panama (Distant 1883). The species was collected at Guadalupe Arriba, Province of Chiriquí at 22000 m altitude in a wet cloud forest, and at Boquete, Province of Chiriquí, at 1350 m altitude in remnant forest habitat (Wolda & Ramos 1992) in Panama.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A76796429B7DC62F2072A09.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is second of the three, large primarily greenish Carineta species found in Panama. It is the smallest of the three species with a body length of approximately 20 mm and a wingspan of 63 mm (Distant 1883) and differs in the castaneous head, the dull ochraceous mesothorax marked with piceous, and the pale castaneous abdomen, the greater amount of pile particularly on the ventral head and body. It can be distinguished from C. viridicata by the larger body size (24 – 27 mm) and a wingspan (64 – 74 mm), the head and thorax are bright green with a more elongated green and pale ochraceous abdomen, the fore wing ulnar cell 2 is about two-thirds the length of ulnar cell 1, and the male opercula are widely separated C. viridicata. It differs from C. aestiva in the deeply sulcate postclypeus, the more angled lateral prothorax, the transverse fuscous stripe on the anterior pronotal collar, the dark ochraceous mesothorax and castaneous abdomen, the greater amount of pile especially on the ventral head and body, and the fore wing ulnar cell 2 is about seven-eighths the length of ulnar cell 1 in C. aestiva.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A76796429B7DC62F2072A09.taxon	distribution	Distribution. This species has been reported previously from Costa Rica and Panama (Metcalf 1963 c; Sanborn 2013; 2014). It has been reported from Volcan de Chiriqui in Panama (Distant 1883). It was reported as being collected in Panama by Wolda & Ramos (1992) but without locality data.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A75796429B7D928F57C2EA7.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is third of the large, primarily greenish Carineta species found in Panama. It is the largest of the three species with body lengths of approximately 24 – 27 mm and a wingspan of about 64 – 74 mm, the lower end of these ranges overlaps the largest of the other two species. The head and thorax are bright green with a more elongated green and pale ochraceous abdomen, the fore wing ulnar cell 2 is about two-thirds the length of ulnar cell 1, and the male opercula are widely separated. It differs from C. aestiva in the deeply sulcate postclypeus, the more angled lateral prothorax, the transverse fuscous stripe on the anterior prontoal collar, the dark ochraceous mesothorax and castaneous abdomen, the greater amount of pile especially on the ventral head and body, and the fore wing ulnar cell 2 is about seven-eighths the length of ulnar cell 1 in C. aestiva and differs from C. verna by castaneous head, the dull ochraceous mesothorax marked with piceous, and the pale castaneous abdomen, the greater amount of pile particularly on the ventral head and body, and smaller body length (20 mm) and wingspan (63 mm). This is a rainy season cicada with emergence recorded between early May and late July (Wolda 1989).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A75796429B7D928F57C2EA7.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species has been reported previously from Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Panama, and Peru (Metcalf 1963 c; Sanborn 2011 a; 2011 b; 2013). It has been reported from Bugaba (Distant 1883), from Barro Colorado Island (Bartholomew & Barnhart 1984), and from Barro Colorado Island, Panama Canal Zone, 120 m altitude in lowland forest (Wolda 1989; Wolda & Ramos 1992) in Panama.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A75796429B7D928F57C2EA7.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. “ PANAMA: Darién Prov. / P. N. Darién Cerro Pirre / “ Campo Plastico ” 620 m / 7.9973 ° N, 77.7129 ° W / VI – 3 – 5 – 2015, E. Riley, UV // TAMU — ENTO / X 1229232 ” one male (TAMU); “ PANAMA: Darién Prov. / P. N. Darién Cerro Pirre / “ Campo Plastico ” 620 m / 7.9973 ° N, 77.7129 ° W / VI – 3 – 5 – 2015, E. Riley, UV // TAMU — ENTO / X 1229943 ” one male (AFSC); “ PANAMA: Darién Prov. / P. N. Darién Cerro Pirre / “ Campo Plastico ” 620 m / 7.9973 ° N, 77.7129 ° W / VI – 3 – 5 – 2015, E. Riley, UV // TAMU — ENTO / X 1230074 ” one male (TAMU); “ PANAMA: Darién Prov. / P. N. Darién Cerro Pirre / “ Campo Plastico ” 620 m / 7.9973 ° N, 77.7129 ° W / VI – 3 – 5 – 2015, E. Riley, UV // TAMU — ENTO / X 1229269 ” one male (TAMU); “ PANAMA: Darién Prov. / P. N. Darién Cerro Pirre / “ Campo Plastico ” 620 m / 7.9973 ° N, 77.7129 ° W / VI – 3 – 5 – 2015, E. Riley, UV // TAMU — ENTO / X 1228658 ” one male (TAMU); “ PANAMA: Darién Prov. / P. N. Darién Cerro Pirre / “ Campo Plastico ” 620 m / 7.9973 ° N, 77.7129 ° W / VI – 3 – 5 – 2015, E. Riley, UV // TAMU — ENTO / X 1229977 ” one male (AFSC); “ PANAMA: Darién Prov. / P. N. Darién Rancho / Frio Station, 90 m / 8.0198 ° N, 77.7322 ° W / VI – 1 – 9 – 2015, E. Riley, UV // TAMU — ENTO / X 1230235 ” one female (TAMU).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A75796529B7DC4DF580290D.taxon	discussion	Remarks. No diagnostic characteristics were provided in Wolda & Ramos (1992) for this species. Combined with the inability to locate any specimens labeled as this species, there is no mechanism to distinguish the species definitively.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A75796529B7DC4DF580290D.taxon	distribution	Distribution. This species was collected at Corriente Grande, Province of Bocas del Toro at 100 m altitude in the forest along the Changuinola River, at Miramar, Province of Bocas del Toro at sea level, Las Cumbres, Province of Panama, 150 m altitude in secondary growth forest, and Barro Colorado Island, Panama Canal Zone, 120 m altitude in lowland forest (Wolda & Ramos 1992) in Panama.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A74796529B7D87CF52D2D2D.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The green (or faded to ochraceous) head and thorax with a castaneous or tawny abdomen easily distinguishes it from the completely piceous body of H. lugubrina lugubrina (Stål, 1864). The piceous on the head and contrasting abdomen distinguish it brom H. nigratorquata n. sp. and H. sigillata n. sp.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A74796529B7D87CF52D2D2D.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species has been reported previously from Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, and Panama (Metcalf 1963 c; Sanborn 2013; 2014; Sanborn & Maes 2012; Maes et al. 2012). The species was reported to be collected between 2000 – 3000 ft on Volcan de Chiriqui (Distant 1883) in Panama. It was reported as being collected in Panama by Wolda & Ramos (1992) but without locality data.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A74796529B7D87CF52D2D2D.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. “ Panama: Panama Prov 11 / Reserva Sobrina Pipe- / line road, 9 km mark / VI – 25 – 1994, blacklight / N. Smith & D. Mitchell ” one male (UCDC); “ PANAMÁ: Coclé, / El Valle, VI – / 10 – 13 – 1985 E. / Riley & D. Rider // LSAM / 0300509 ” one female (LSAM).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A74796529B7DA34F3582AF5.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES. Cicada marginella Walker 1858 a: 21. (Orizaba, Vera Cruz, Mexico)	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A74796529B7DA34F3582AF5.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Species of Herrera are characterized by having a head about as wide as the mesonotum, the vertex is longer than the frons, the pronotum is about as long as the mesonotum, the abdomen is about as long as the distance from the apex of the head to the cruciform elevation, small male opercula, the strongly spined fore femora, and the fore wing width being slightly more than half the fore wing length (Distant 1905 c).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A74796529B7DA34F3582AF5.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Species of the genus have been recorded from Argentina, Belize, Costa Rica, Cuba, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, and Panama (Metcalf 1963 c; Sanborn 2013; 2014; Sanborn & Heath 2014).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A74796529B7DED4F4932FCD.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The species identified as “ nr. lugubrina ” by Wolda & Ramos (1992) is considered to be this subspecies. No other species of Herrera has the piceous body of this subspecies and they distinguished it from what they considered to be several new taxa in the genus distinct from H. lugubrina lugubrina. I therefore consider this to be H. lugubrina lugubrina as the other subspecies is currently only known from Mexico (Sanborn 2007 a). The piceous body of this subspecies easily distinguishes it from H. ancilla.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A74796529B7DED4F4932FCD.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species has been recorded previously from Mexico (Metcalf 1963 b; Sanborn 2013). Specimens of “ nr. lugubrina ” were collected at Miramar, Province of Bocas del Toro at sea level, at Boquete, Province of Chiriquí, at 1350 m altitude in remnant forest habitat, Las Cumbres, Province of Panama, 150 m altitude in secondary growth forest, and Barro Colorado Island, Panama Canal Zone, 120 m altitude in lowland forest (Wolda & Ramos 1992) in Panama.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A74796529B7DED4F4932FCD.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined for new record. Panama, Panama Prov., Las Cumbres, 9.0736 - 79.5276, 23 – May – 73, Henk Wolda, STRI _ ENT _ 0 0 0 2061 (STRI).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A73796029B7DBDCF31E2AFE.taxon	description	(Fig. 5)	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A73796029B7DBDCF31E2AFE.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype. “ PANAMA: Coclé, Rio Indio / Lodge, N El Valle, / 18 to 20 – VIII – 2012 575 m / J. Heppner 4 ” one female (FSCA).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A73796029B7DBDCF31E2AFE.taxon	discussion	Remarks. One of the three undetermined species listed by Wolda (1989) or Wolda & Ramos (1992) may represent this new species. However, no diagnostic characteristics were provided for any of these species, none were collected in the same Province where the holotype was collected (Wolda 1989; Wolda & Ramos 1992), and I was unable to locate any specimens labeled as one of the undetermined of the species. As a result, I was unable to determine if the new species represents one of the previously mentioned species.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A73796029B7DBDCF31E2AFE.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name is in reference to the piceous (L. niger, black) fascia in the posterior ambient fissure of the pronotum (L. torquatus, adorned with a necklace or collar).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A73796029B7DBDCF31E2AFE.taxon	description	Description. Ground color of head and thorax greenish testaceous marked with piceous and castaneous, abdomen marked with green and castaneous. Testaceous may be green in fresh specimens based on color variation specimens of H. ancilla over time. Head. Head wider than mesonotum, greenish testaceous with piceous marks lateral to posterior epicranial suture encircling lateral ocellus with castaneous extension in anterior arm of epicranial suture, triangular piceous mark arising laterally to this mark on posterior head extending to medial margin of eye anterior to medial angle of eye, piceous posterior to eye forming an inverted testaceous triangle extending posteromedially from medial angle of eye, frons piceous except for castaneous midline, castaneous spot on lateral vertex on right side next to margin of eye at the level of the center of all ocelli. Covered with black pile, longer posterior to eye, shorter silvery pile posterior to eye. Ocelli rosaceous and ochraceous. Eyes golden. Ventral head light testaceous, lorum ochraceous. Postclypeus centrally sulcate, with nine transverse grooves, testaceous, darker dorsally, light castaneous in transverse grooves 1 – 3 on dorsal surface, incomplete longitudinal castaneous mark on either side of central sulcus with lateral extension towards transverse grooves 4 – 7, silvery pile on lateral margin. Anteclypeus castaneous except for greenish anterior margin and anterior half of carina connecting to form a triangular mark on either side of anterior midline. Long piceous and short silvery pile on ventral head and anteclypeus. Mentum greenish, labium greenish anteromedially, piceous laterally and at tip, reaching to anterior of hind coxae. Antennae fuscous except proximal scape, distal annular mark on scape and proximal annular mark on pedicel. Thorax. Dorsal thorax greenish testaceous. Pronotum with piceous mark in posterior median fissure extending laterally from medial end of fissure across disk forming a V-shape, transverse piceous mark in posterior ambient fissure extending onto anterior of pronotal collar, wider on midline, light castaneous marks on dorsal midline connecting from apex of piceous V-shaped marks forming an open V-shape, small castaneous spot anterior to medial piceous V-shaped mark, small linear castaneous marks on lateral disk. Pronotal collar greenish testaceous except for transverse piceous fascia and piceous mark on anterior margin of pronotal collar lateral angle, lateral margin of pronotal collar adpressed. Mesonotum greenish testaceous with curved castaneous mark from anterior midline along medial margin of submedian sigilla expanding in posterior submedian sigilla, mark on midline of disk expanding laterally posterior to scutal depression to anterior arm of cruciform elevation, posterior margin posterior to anterior arm of cruciform elevation piceous edged in castaneous, proximal portion of posterior arms of cruciform elevation with light castaneous mark. Metanotum greenish with castaneous marks on posterior margin. Long piceous pile on dorsum of thorax, short golden pile between anterior arms of cruciform elevation and posterior to anterior arms of cruciform elevation, long golden pile on posterior mesothoracic margin, radiating from posterior wing groove, and on metanotum. Ventral thoracic segments ochraceous except greenish testaceous anepisternum 2, with long and short silvery pile. Wings. Tegmina and wings hyaline, milky tinge on proximal two thirds of fore wing and over the middle of the posterior hind wing when viewed from an angle. Venation greenish testaceous, becoming castaneous and finally piceous distally, except castaneous costal margin to node and piceous proximal half of anal vein 2 + 3, castaneous spot on proximal cubitus anterior along basal cell, pterostigma present. Basal membrane grayish. Hind wing venation castaneous except green proximal cubitus anterior vein. Vanal fold castaneous, medioproximal anal cell 2, anal cell 3 and anal cell 2 along anal veins 2 and 3 gray. Legs. Coxae and trochanters ochraceous, femora and tibiae greenish, fore femora striped with castaneous, fore tibiae castaneous distally, middle tibiae with castaneous distal annulus. Fore femora with proximal spine most oblique, secondary spine and tertiary spine angled less than primary spine, tertiary spine curved more than secondary spine, and small apical spine emerging from base of tertiary spine. Spines castaneous with darker anterior margin and tip, primary spine largest, secondary intermediate in size, tertiary spine larger than secondary spine, apical spine smallest. Tibial spurs and comb castaneous with piceous tips. Tarsi dark castaneous except green proximal mesotarus, pretarsal claws greenish proximally with piceous tips. Operculum. Female operculum ochraceous with straight lateral margin angled toward midline, rounded posterolateral margin forming an obtuse angle to straight posterior margin, medial margin acutely angled with rounded terminus reaching medially to middle meracanthus not covering tympanal cavity, covered with long silvery pile. Female meracanthus broadly triangular, pointed, extending beyond posterior margin of operculum, ochraceous with radiating long silvery pile. Abdomen. Tergites testaceous with green hind margins, tergites 8 and 9 castaneous instead of testaceous, castaneous dorsal half of auditory capsule, castaneous spot on lateral tergite 7, tergites covered with piceous pile, more dense on posterolateral surfaces, golden pile on lateral tergites. Female abdominal segment 9 castaneous dorsally, testaceous fasciae on dorsolateral surface, ochraceous ventrolaterally, caudal beak castaneous with piceous margin and ochraceous spots on lateral base, with piceous pile dorsally and radiating long golden pile ventrally and laterally. Posterior margin of abdominal segment 9 sinuate, ochraceous. Sternites ochraceous with transverse light castaneous marks near anterior margin of sternites III – VII with additional mark near posterior of sternite VI, mark on sternite IV extending posteriorly, mark on sternite VII surrounds base of notch. Female sternite VII with sinuate posterior margin extending to tergite 7 before curving anteriorly to terminus, deep medial notch almost reaching anterior of sternite VII, semicircular medially, straight margin angled laterally to almost middle of sternite length where angle decreases to posterior margin. Sternites covered with short and radiating long silvery pile, very dense on medial sternite II. Genitalia. Female gonapophyses VIII and IX castaneous with piceous tip and lateral testaceous fascia not reaching tip, gonapophysis X castaneous with lateral piceous fascia extending beyond dorsal beak with radiating golden pile. Gonocoxite IX ochraceous. Anal styles ochraceous with castaneous spots proximally and fuscous marks distally. Male is unknown. Measurements (mm). N = 1 female. Length of body: 18.9; length of fore wing: 21.2; width of fore wing: 8.3; length of head: 3.1; width of head including eyes: 6.1; width of pronotum including suprahumeral plates: 6.5; width of mesonotum: 5.7.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A73796029B7DBDCF31E2AFE.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Herrera nigratorquata n. sp. can be distinguished from H. infuscata Sanborn, 2009 by the lack of infuscation in the distal fore wing. The lack of piceous on the head and the non-contrasting abdomen distinguishes this new species from H. ancilla (Stål, 1864), H. coyamensis Sanborn, 2007 a, and H. umbraphila Sanborn & Heath, 2014. The bodies of H. humilistrata Sanborn & Heath, 2014, H. laticapitata Davis, 1938, H. lugubrina compostelensis Davis, 1938, and H. lugubrina lugubrina (Stål, 1864), are piceous or the mesothorax is marked with piceous. Herrera sigillata n. sp. can be distinguished easily by the lack of a piceous transverse fascia on the pronotum or mesothoracic markings, the short operculum curving to a short point medially, the longitudinal fascia on the abdominal sternites, and the lateral posterior sternite VII curving anteriorly to the epipleurite.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A73796029B7DBDCF31E2AFE.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species is known only from the holotype collected in Coclé Province, Panama.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A71797E29B7D800F33B2CD5.taxon	description	(Fig. 6)	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A71797E29B7D800F33B2CD5.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype. “ PANAMA: Coclé Prov. / Santa Fe, Alto Piedra / 16 to 17 – VI – 2011 850 m / J. Heppner ” one female (FSCA).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A71797E29B7D800F33B2CD5.taxon	discussion	Remarks. One of the three undetermined species listed by Wolda (1989) or Wolda & Ramos (1992) may represent this new species as well. However, no diagnostic characteristics were provided for any of these species, none were collected in the same Province as the holotype (Wolda 1989; Wolda & Ramos 1992) and I was unable to locate any specimens labeled as one of the undetermined of the species. As a result, I was unable to determine if the new species represents one of the previously mentioned species.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A71797E29B7D800F33B2CD5.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name is in reference to the small markings on the pronotum (L. sigillata, adorned with little figures or marks).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A71797E29B7D800F33B2CD5.taxon	description	Description. Ground color greenish testaceous marked with piceous and castaneous. Testaceous may be green in fresh specimens. Head. Head wider than mesonotum, greenish testaceous with piceous spot in posterior cranial depression, curved castaneous marks between epicranial suture and medial portion of lateral ocelli, small castaneous spot anterolateral to lateral ocellus, frons greenish testaceous with light castaneous region on disk on either side of midline anterolateral to median ocellus. Covered with golden pile, longer posterior to eye, short silvery pile posterior to eye. Ocelli rosaceous and ochraceous. Eyes golden. Ventral head light testaceous, posterior lorum ochraceous. Postclypeus centrally sulcate, with eight transverse grooves, testaceous, darker dorsally, radiating long golden pile. Anteclypeus greenish with fuscous fascia along posterior half of lateral margin and posterior margin. Long golden and short silvery pile on ventral head and anteclypeus. Mentum ochraceous with fuscous distal tip, labium testaceous proximally, piceous distally and at tip, reaching to middle of hind coxae with radiating golden pile. Scape and pedicel greenish testaceous, pedicel with distal fuscous annular mark, flagellar segments absent but probably fuscous based on other members of the genus. Thorax. Dorsal thorax greenish testaceous. Pronotum with piceous mark in posterior half of paramedian fissure, incomplete on right side, wider piceous mark in posterior lateral fissure, pentagonal castaneous spot on midline at extension of paramedian fissure, light castaneous extending anteriorly almost to anterior pronotal margin, curved castaneous marks on lateral disk, short silvery pile in fissures. Pronotal collar greenish with piceous mark along on margin of pronotal collar lateral angle and posterior margin of pronotal collar, lateral margin of pronotal collar adpressed, long golden pile radiating from posterior margin. Mesonotum greenish testaceous with curved castaneous mark from anterior on either side of midline along medial margin of submedian sigilla expanding in posterior submedian sigilla, small castaneous marks in anterolateral margin and posterior curvature of lateral sigillae, light castaneous mark on midline of disk expanding laterally posterior to include scutal depression to anterior arm of cruciform elevation, light castaneous mark on posterior angle and proximal portion of posterior arms of cruciform elevation. Metanotum greenish with castaneous mark on anteromedial margin. Long golden pile between anterior arms of cruciform elevation, on posterior mesothoracic margin, radiating from posterior wing groove, and on metanotum. Ventral thoracic segments with long silvery pile. Wings. Tegmina and wings hyaline, milky tinge on fore wing and over distal hind wing when viewed from an angle. Venation greenish testaceous, becoming castaneous and finally piceous distally, costal margin castaneous to past node, piceous proximal half of anal vein 2 + 3, piceous spot on distal pterostigma. Basal membrane grayish. Hind wing venation castaneous except lighter subcostal & radius vein and cubitus anterior vein. Vanal fold castaneous, proximal anal cell 3, anal cell 3 and anal cell 2 along anal veins 2 and 3 gray. Legs. Coxae ochraceous, trochanters, femora, tibiae and tarsi greenish, fore femora striped with castaneous, fore tibiae with small castaneous marks distally. Fore femora with proximal spine elongated and most oblique, secondary spine and tertiary spine angled less than primary spine, tertiary spine about the same size as secondary spine but curved more than secondary spine, and very small apical spine emerging distal to base of tertiary spine. Spines greenish at base becoming castaneous and piceous at tip, primary spine mainly green, secondary and tertiary spines mainly castaneous, apical spine castaneous with piceous tip. Tibial spurs and comb castaneous with piceous tips. Pretarsal claws greenish proximally with piceous tips. Operculum. Female operculum ochraceous with lateral extension from base with curved margin, curved posterolateral margin to straight posterior margin, medial margin acutely angled with rounded terminus reaching medially to lateral meracanthus almost covering tympanal cavity and reaching sternite II, covered with short silvery pile, long silvery pile radiating from margin. Female meracanthus broadly triangular with curved lateral margin, pointed, extending beyond posterior margin of operculum, ochraceous with radiating long silvery pile. Abdomen. Tergites testaceous with green hind margins covered with golden pile, dorsum of tergites 5 – 8 and posterolateral margins of tergites 7 and 8 darkened. Female abdominal segment 9 testaceous with ochraceous ventral surface and ochraceous spot on ventroposterior margin, caudal beak castaneous, with piceous pile dorsally and radiating long golden pile ventrally and laterally. Posterior margin of abdominal segment 9 sinuate. Sternites ochraceous with castaneous medially in sternites III – VII, wider in sternites IV – VI, mark on sternite VII surrounds entire notch extending to posterior margin. Female sternite VII with sinuate straight margin angled slightly to posterior not reaching tergite before angling anteriorly leaving a space between the posterior half of sternite VII and tergite 7, deep V-shaped medial notch almost reaching anterior of sternite VII. Sternites covered with short and radiating long silvery pile, very dense on medial sternite II and at junction of sternites and tergites. Spiracles white. Genitalia. Female gonapophyses VIII and IX castaneous, gonapophysis X fuscous extending just beyond dorsal beak with radiating golden pile. Gonocoxite IX greenish testaceous. Anal styles greenish testaceous. Male is unknown. Measurements (mm). N = 1 female. Length of body: 18.7; length of fore wing: 21.8; width of fore wing: 7.8; length of head: 2.8; width of head including eyes: 5.8; width of pronotum including suprahumeral plates: 6.2; width of mesonotum: 5.6.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A71797E29B7D800F33B2CD5.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Herrera sigillata n. sp. can be distinguished from H. infuscata Sanborn, 2009 by the lack of infuscation in the distal fore wing. The lack of piceous on the head and the non-contrasting abdomen distinguishes this new species from H. ancilla (Stål, 1864), H. coyamensis Sanborn, 2007 a, and H. umbraphila Sanborn & Heath, 2014. The bodies of H. humilistrata Sanborn & Heath, 2014, H. laticapitata Davis, 1938, H. lugubrina compostelensis Davis, 1938, and H. lugubrina lugubrina (Stål, 1864), are piceous or the mesothorax is marked with piceous. Herrera nigratorquata n. sp. can be distinguished easily by its piceous transverse fascia on the pronotum along with the mesothoracic markings, the triangular operculum, the lack of a longitudinal fascia on the abdominal sternites, and the lateral posterior sternite VII is transverse to the epipleurite rather than curving anteriorly.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A71797E29B7D800F33B2CD5.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species is known only from the holotype collected in Veraguas Province, Panama.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A6F797E29B7DD3DF5962FFC.taxon	discussion	Remarks. No diagnostic characteristics were provided in Wolda (1989) nor Wolda & Ramos (1992) for this species combined with the inability to locate any specimens labeled as this species means there is no mechanism to distinguish the species. This is a rainy season cicada with emergence between mid-June to late August (Wolda 1989).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A6F797E29B7DD3DF5962FFC.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species has been reported from Barro Colorado Island, Panama Canal Zone, 120 m altitude in lowland forest (Wolda 1989; Wolda & Ramos 1992) in Panama.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A6F797E29B7DE5CF4332E34.taxon	discussion	Remarks. No diagnostic characteristics were provided in Wolda & Ramos (1992) for this species combined with the inability to locate any specimens labeled as this species means there is no mechanism to distinguish the species.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A6F797E29B7DE5CF4332E34.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species was collected at Fortuna, Province of Chiriquí, at 1050 m altitude in forest habitat (Wolda & Ramos 1992) in Panama.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A6E797F29B7DE05F24B2ECB.taxon	discussion	Remarks. An inflated abdomen with an obvious dorsal ridge characterizes this species. The anterior abdominal segments are lighter than the posterior segments. The mesothorax is marked with piceous in this species. Fore wing width is about 6.5 mm.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A6E797F29B7DE05F24B2ECB.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species has been reported previously from Brazil and Costa Rica (Metcalf 1963 c; Sanborn 2013; 2014).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A6E797F29B7DE05F24B2ECB.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined for new record. “ H. L. King / PANAMA: / 6 – 1 – 70 ” one male (FSCA); “ Panama, Panama Pr. / ± 10 km W El Llano, 1400 ’ / June 3 – 8 1986 / E. Giesbert coll. ” one male (AFSC).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A6E797F29B7D83DF32A2CFF.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES. Cicada (Calyria) blanda Stål 1862: 22. (Brazil)	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A6E797F29B7D83DF32A2CFF.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Species of Calyria are characterized by five apical cells in the hind wings, ocelli that are well separated from the base of the head, and the postcostal area of the fore wing is not distinct (Distant 1906). The ventrolateral postclypeus is flattened without an obvious extension at the apex and the pronotum has parallel lateral surfaces for most of its length.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A6E797F29B7D83DF32A2CFF.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species was reported previously from Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Honduras, Nicaragua, Peru, and Venezuela (Metcalf 1963 c; Sanborn 2013; 2014; Sanborn & Heath 2014).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A6E797F29B7DBF8F46E29D8.taxon	discussion	Remarks. No diagnostic characteristics were provided in Wolda & Ramos (1992) for this species combined with the inability to locate any specimens labeled as this species means there is no mechanism to distinguish the species.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A6E797F29B7DBF8F46E29D8.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species was collected at Boquete, Province of Chiriquí, at 1350 m altitude in remnant forest habitat (Wolda & Ramos 1992) in Panama.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A6E797F29B7D959F5ED2B37.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE GENUS. Cicada (Parnisa) Stål 1862: 21.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A6E797F29B7D959F5ED2B37.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The species of Parnisini are characterized by the eyes not or barely projecting beyond the anterior angles of the more or less subquadrate pronotum, the abdomen being shorter than the distance between the apex of the postclypeus and posterior cruciform elevation (Distant 1905 e; Moulds 2005).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A6E797C29B7DC69F7F2290D.taxon	discussion	Remarks. An abdomen of normal proportions with a less obvious dorsal ridge characterizes this species. The anterior abdominal segments and mesothorax are monochromatic. Fore wing width is less than 5.5 mm.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A6E797C29B7DC69F7F2290D.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species was reported previously from Brazil, Costa Rica, Honduras, Nicaragua, Peru, and Venezuela (Metcalf 1963 c; Sanborn 2013; 2014).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A6E797C29B7DC69F7F2290D.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined for new record. “ PANAMA Panama / Camino del Oleoducto / mv + bl, 26 June 1997 / R. Turnbow ” one male (UGCA).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A6D797C29B7DFA2F6F42E02.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES. Dorachosa explicata Distant 1892: 64. (Matachin, Panama)	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A6D797C29B7DFA2F6F42E02.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The eyes are long and angled posteriorly, prominent postclypeus with a very distinct central sulcus, and the long anterior femoral spines are characteristic of this genus (Distant 1892).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A6D797C29B7DFA2F6F42E02.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The monospecific genus is only known from El Salvador and Panama (Metcalf 1963 c; Sanborn 2013).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A6D797C29B7D818F24A2C82.taxon	discussion	With the reassignment of the genera previously assigned to the Tryellina Moulds, 2005 into the Lamotialnini Boulard, 1976 (Marshall et al. 2018), the Taphurina and the Anopercalnina Boulard, 2008 remain as subtribes in the Taphurini. The Anopercalnina contains a single genus inhabiting Madagascar whose males lack opercula (Boulard 2008). The Taphurini has historically been a repository for small species with uncertain classification with the point being well illustrated by the fact that genera previously assigned to the Taphurini were recently distributed to seven tribes in four subfamilies (Marshall et al. 2018). Eight of the nine Neotropical genera currently within the Taphurina are monospecific with only Taphura containing multiple species.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A6D797C29B7DA34F3502B19.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE GENUS. Cicada (Taphura) Stål 1862: 20.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A6D797C29B7DA34F3502B19.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The Taphurini are characterized by the head being wider than the maximum width of the pronotum, subquadrate pronotum that is not distinctly narrowed anteriorly, pronotal lateral margins are not developed or dilated, the male opercula curve towards the abdominal midline but remain widely separated and are small, narrow, and do not cover the tympanal cavity, the abdomen is about as long as the distance between the apex of the postclypeus and the posterior of the cruciform elevation, timbals do not extend below wing bases, uncus is absent but anal tube may possess lateral lobes, the upper pygofer lobe small and unsclerotized, and the basal lobes of pygofer large and ornamented, especially in Taphura (Moulds 2005; Sanborn 2017 a; Marshall et al. 2018).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A6D797D29B7DD22F7462A2D.taxon	discussion	Remarks. A small (body length 12 mm) species with a greenish ochraceous head and thorax and castaneous or tawny abdomen with a transverse piceous stripe on the dorsal head. The generic characters also distinguish the single species from other Panamanian cicadas.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A6D797D29B7DD22F7462A2D.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species is known from El Salvador and Panama (Metcalf 1963 c; Sanborn 2013). The reference to Argentina is a mistake (Sanborn & Heath 2014). The species has been reported from Matachin in Panama (Distant 1900). It was reported as being collected in Panama by Wolda & Ramos (1992) but without locality data.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A6D797D29B7DD22F7462A2D.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. “ Panamá: Panamá Prov. / Cerro Campana, 850 m. / 8 ° 40 ’ N, 79 ° 56 ’ W / 29 Apr. ’ 73 Stockwell ” one male (TAMU); “ PANAMA: Darién Prov. / P. N. Darién Cerro Pirre / “ Campo Plastico ” 620 m / 7.9973 ° N, 77.7129 ° W / VI – 3 – 5 – 2015, E. Riley, UV // TAMU — ENTO / X 1229387 ” one male (TAMU); “ PANAMA: Darién Prov. / P. N. Darién Cerro Pirre / “ Campo Plastico ” 620 m / 7.9973 ° N, 77.7129 ° W / VI – 3 – 5 – 2015, E. Riley, UV // TAMU — ENTO / X 1229390 ” one male (AFSC); “ PANAMÁ: Coclé / Cerro Gaital, / VI – 10 – 12 – 1985 / E. Riley & D. Rider ” one male (AFSC); “ PANAMA: Veraguas Prov. / Alto Piedra, 5 km NW / Santa Fe, 800 m elev. / VI 11 – 14 2016, N. J. Smith ” one female (UCDC); “ Canal Zone / Pan. IX – 16 – 1958 // Barro Colorado Isl. / Gatun Lake // Charles F. Harbison / Collector // SDNHM / COLLECTION / DATABASE / SDNHM 094784 ” one male (SDMC); “ PANAMA: Panama / El Llano-Carti Rd. km. / 12.4, 10 May 1996 / R. Turnbow ” one male (FSCA); “ PANAMA: Darién, / Filo de Talla Lodge / Metetí, 16 – 20 – V – 2014 / J. B. Heppner, 145 m ” one female (FSCA), one female (AFSC); “ PANAMA C. Z. / Barro Colo. Isl. / 24 - IV- 1978 / C. D. Jorgensen ” one male and one female (BYUC).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A6C797B29B7DE67F6E32CF9.taxon	discussion	Remarks. A small cicada with prominent eyes. The male genitalia, particularly the shape of the claspers which adjoining at their base along the midline, extend posteriorly with a recurved terminus that arches laterally to a point when viewed from the posterior giving the appearance of a drooping uncus when viewed from the side, quickly separate male specimens of T. cernuunca from other species of Taphura. The pronotal ambient fissure is piceous in this species rather than the small medial mark found in T. hastifera (Sanborn 2017 a). The species emerges with the beginnings of the rainy season with population numbers fluctuating from year to year (Wolda 1977; 1978; 1983 a).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A6C797B29B7DE67F6E32CF9.taxon	distribution	Distribution. All known specimens reported in the literature (Wolda 1977; 1978; Sanborn 2017 a) have originated in Panama. The species appears to occur over a wide area of Panama based on the number of locations found in the type series (Sanborn 2017 a). The species is currently endemic to Panama having been collected in a number of different localities.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A6C797B29B7DE67F6E32CF9.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype. “ PANAMA: Canal Zone / Barro Colorado Island / 23 – 27 July 2001 / J. V. McHugh, S. Suh & / M. Blackwell at UV light ” one male (FSCA). Paratypes. “ PANAMA: Canal Zone / Barro Colorado Island / 23 – 27 July 2001 / J. V. McHugh, S. Suh & / M. Blackwell at UV light ” two males (FSCA), one male and one female (AFSC); “ PANAMA — Canal Zone / Barro Colorado Island / 25 - IV- 63 / CW & ME Rettenmeyer // Taken at / Light ” one male (FSCA); “ PANAMA: Panama / El Llano-Carti Rd. km. / 9.7, mv + bl, 24 May / 1996, R. Turnbow ” one male (FSCA); “ PANAMA: Panama / El Llano-Carti Rd. km. / 12.4, mv + bl, 10 May 1996 / R. Turnbow ” one male (FSCA); “ PANAMA: Panama / El Llano-Carti Rd. km. 9 / mv + bl, 10 May 1996 / R. Turnbow ” one male and one female (FSCA), one male (AFSC); “ PANAMA: Panama Prov. / 15 km. N El Llano / mv + bl, 13 May 1991 / R. Turnbow ” one male (FSCA); “ PANAMA: Colon Prov. / Colon, at standing / lights 20 May 1991 / R. Turnbow ” one male (FSCA); “ PANAMA: Panama Prov. / 11 – 15 km N El Llano / mv + bl, 24 May 1991 / R. Turnbow ” one female (FSCA); “ PANAMA: Panama Prov. / 15 km N El Llano / mv + bl, 13 May 1991 / R. Turnbow ” one male and one female (FSCA), one female (AFSC); “ PANAMA: Pnma Prov. / Bayano Dist 2.5 k W / Ipiti 11 – 22 May 1996 / Wappes Huether & Morris ” one male (FSCA); “ PANAMA: Pnma Prv / Pipeline Rd K 1 – 12 / 26 – 30 – VI – 1997 / Wappes & Morris ” one male (FSCA); “ PANAMA: Panama / Camino del Oleoducto / mv + bl, 26 June 1997 / R. Turnbow ” one male (FSCA), one female (AFSC); “ PANAMA: Canal / Zone Cardenas / Village // F. G. Thompson / 10 – V – 1969 / Blacklight trap ” twelve males and four females (FSCA), twelve males and three females (AFSC); “ Las Cumbres / Panama Prov. R. P. / 15 June 1968 ” one male (FSCA); “ Las Cumbres / Panama Prov. R. P. / 27 May 1968 ” one female (FSCA); “ H. L. King / Panama / 5 – 10 – 70 ” one male (FSCA); “ Panama: Canal Zone / Gatun / Chagres S — 8 H Rd. // Horse Trap / 28 – V – 53 ” one female (FSCA); “ Panama, Panama Pr. / 10 km N EL Llano / May 1, 1984 / E. Giesbert, Coll. ” one female (FSCA); “ PANAMA, Bayano / 3 km E Ipeti / April 22 – 28, 1995 / E. Giesbert, coll. ” one male and one female (FSCA); “ Panama, C. Z. / B. C. I., at light / 26 April 1974 / M. L. May ” one female (FSCA); “ PANAMA: CANAL ZONE / NR. Pedro Miguel, CZ / Police Pistol Range / 24 - V- 1982, D. Habeck / C. Bennett, Black / Light, Mercury vapor ” one male (FSCA), one male (AFSC); “ Gatun Tank Farm / Ex: UV Lamp L. T. / coll.: S. Modestin / 10 June 1975 // Republic of Panama ” one male (UDCC); “ Gatun Tank Farm, C. Z. / Ex: UV Lamp L. T. / coll.: S. Modestin / 10 June 1975 // Republic of Panama ” one female (UDCC), one male and one female (AFSC); “ Coco Solo Tank Farm / Ex: UV Lamp L. T. / coll.: E. H. A. / 16 July 1975 // Republic of Panama ” one male (UDCC), one male (AFSC); “ Redman Ammo Area, C. Z. / Ex: UV Lamp L. T. # 1 / coll.: J. Ramirez-J. Gaona / July 1975 // Republic of Panama ” one female (UDCC); “ Redman Ammo Area, C. Z. / Ex: UV Lamp L. T. # 4 / coll.: J. Gaona / 30 June 1975 // Republic of Panama ” one male (UDCC); “ El Chorro / Rio Trinidad, R. P. / 28 April 1976 / J. T. Whitlaw // Republic of Panama ” one male (UDCC), one male (AFSC); “ Candelaria / Rio-Pequeni, R. P. / 31 March 1976 / J. T. Whitlaw, Jr. // Republic of Panama ” one male (UDCC), one male (AFSC); “ Panama: Colon Prov. / Santa Rita Ridge / 9 ° 22 ’ N, 79 ° 44 ’ W / 13 June, 76; E. G. Riley ” three males and three females (UMRM), three males and two females (AFSC); “ Panama: C. Z. / Cardena Village / May 17 – 18, 1980 / E. Riley & LeDoux ” two males and one female (UMRM), two males (AFSC); “ Panama: C. Z. / Cardena Village / May 10, 1980 / E. Riley & D. LeDoux ” one male (UMRM); “ Panama: Canal Zone / Fort Kobbe / 24 June ‘ 76 / Coll. E. G. Riley ” one male (UMRM); “ Panama: Colon Prov. / San Lorenzo National Park / 9.22309 ° N, 80.01029 ° W / IV – 18 – 2005, D. G. Marqua // TAMU — ENTO / X 0820238 // ex. Dave Marqua / Collection, June 2010 / TAMU Insect Collection ” one female (TAMU); “ Panama: Colon Prov. / San Lorenzo National Park / 9.22309 ° N, 80.01029 ° W / IV – 18 – 2005, D. G. Marqua // TAMU — ENTO / X 0820264 // ex. Dave Marqua / Collection, June 2010 / TAMU Insect Collection ” one female (TAMU); “ Panama: Colon Prov. / San Lorenzo National Park / 9.22309 ° N, 80.01029 ° W / IV – 18 – 2005, D. G. Marqua // TAMU — ENTO / X 0820912 // ex. Dave Marqua / Collection, June 2010 / TAMU Insect Collection ” one female (TAMU); “ Panama: Colon Prov. / San Lorenzo National Park / 9.22309 ° N, 80.01029 ° W / IV – 18 – 2005, D. G. Marqua // TAMU — ENTO / X 0821028 // ex. Dave Marqua / Collection, June 2010 / TAMU Insect Collection ” one female (TAMU); “ Panama: Panama Pr. / Cerro Campana / June, 16, 1996 At / light. Elev. 550 m. / Gillogly & Schaffner ” one female (TAMU), one male (AFSC); “ Panama: Colon Prov. / On Santa Rita Ridge, 17 / km e. Trans-isthmuan / Hwy., June 16, 1996 / Gillogly & Schaffner ” one female (TAMU); “ Panama: Colon Prov. / 2 km S Sabanitas / 9 ° 19 ’ 19 ” N, 79 ° 47 ’ 54 ” W / 30. vi. 1999 el. 120 m / At light, A. R. Gillogly ” one male (TAMU); “ PANAMA: C. Z. / Barro Colo. Isl. / 24 - IV- 1978 / C. D. Jorgensen ” four males (BYUC), three males (AFSC); “ Panama / Barro Colorado Island / 8 - V- 1979 / Clive D. Jorgensen ” one male (BYUC); “ Barro Colorado Is., Panama / 22 Apr – 04 May 1981 / Steven Dean Marron ” one male and one female (BYUC); “ PANAMA: San Blas Pr. / Nusangandi / 28 - V- 1995 / D. J. Cavan ” one male (BYUC), one male (AFSC); “ PANAMA: San Blas Pr. / Nusangandi / 27 - V- 1995 / D. J. Cavan ” one male (BYUC); “ PANAMA / Canal Area, / January – June 1995, / D. J. Cavan ” one male (BYUC); “ Coco Solo Hospital / Canal Zone L. T. / 9 ° 21 ’ N, 79 ° 51 ’ W / 11 May 72 Engelman ” one male (AFSC); “ PANAMA-Canal Zone / Barro Colorado Is. / 23 - IV- 63 / CW & ME Rettenmeyer ” one male and two females (AFSC); “ PANAMA: Canal / Zone, Fort / Kobbe VI – 19 – 1985 / E. Riley & D. Rider ” one male (LSAM); “ PANAMA: Canal Zone / Base of Cerro / Galera VI- 19 - 1985 / E. Riley & D. Rider // LSAM / 022105 ” one female (LSAM), “ PANAMA: Canal Zone / Base of Cerro / Galera VI- 19 - 1985 / E. Riley & D. Rider // LSAM / 022104 ” one male (LSAM), “ PANAMA: Canal Zone / Base of Cerro / Galera VI- 19 - 1985 / E. Riley & D. Rider ” one male and one female (AFSC); “ PANAMA: Canal Zone / Base of Cerro / Galera VI- 9 - 1985 / E. Riley & D. Rider // LSAM / 0272103 ” one male (LSAM); “ PANAMA: Canal Zone / Base of Cerro / Galera VI- 9 - 1985 / E. Riley & D. Rider // LSAM / 0272100 ” one male (LSAM); “ PANAMA: Canal Zone / Base of Cerro / Galera VI- 9 - 1985 / E. Riley & D. Rider // LSAM / 0272101 ” one male (LSAM); “ PANAMA: Canal Zone / Base of Cerro / Galera VI- 9 - 1985 / E. Riley & D. Rider // LSAM / 0272102 ” one male (LSAM); “ PANAMA: Canal Zone / Base of Cerro / Galera VI- 9 - 1985 / E. Riley & D. Rider ” one male and one female (AFSC); “ Barro Colorado I. / CZ Panama / V- 04 - 1982 / R B & L S Kimsey ” one male (UCDC), one female (AFSC); “ Barro Colorado I. / CZ Panama / V- 03 - 1981 / R B & L S Kimsey ” one male (UCDC), one male (AFSC); “ Barro Colorado I. / CZ Panama / V- 10 - 1982 / R B & L S Kimsey ” one male (UCDC); “ Barro Colorado I. / CZ Panama / IV- 22 - 1981 / R B & L S Kimsey ” one female (UCDC); “ Panama C. Z. / Empire Range / Hill 162 / April 6, 1987 / J. R. MacDonald ” one male and one female (MEMC); “ Panama C. Z. / Gatun / Gatun Lake Lookout / April- 7 – 8 - 1987 / J. R. MacDonald ” one male (AFSC); “ Gatun Lake / Canal Zone / near B. C. I. / Apr. 20 – 24, ’ 44 / R. H. Arnett ” three males and three females (CUIC), one male and two females (AFSC); “ La Chorrera / PANAMA / V. 20 – 24.1944 / R. H. Arnett ” one male (AFSC); “ La Chorrera / Pan. / 5 – 20 – 1944 // George Ryan collector ” one female (AFSC from PURC); “ La Chorrera / Pan. / 4 – 30 – 1944 / George Ryan ” one male (AFSC from PURC); “ La Chorrera / Pan. / 5 – 16 – 1944 / George Ryan ” one male (AFSC from PURC); “ Fort Clayton / C. Z. 5 – 6 – 1945 / at light ” one female (AFSC); “ PANAMA: Panama / Parq. Nac. Soberaria / Pipeline Rd 2 km W Gamboa / VI- 9 – 10 - 1993 / B. Ratcliffe & M. Jameson ” one female (UNSM), one female (AFSC); “ PANAMA: Colon Prov. / Ft. Sherman, Pavon Hill / VII- 2 - 1994 / B. & I. Ratcliffe, M. Jameson ” one male and two females (UNSM), one male (AFSC); “ PANAMA: C. Z. / Skunk Hollow, 6 mi. / NW Gatun Locks / V- 21 - 1982 / B. C. Ratcliffe & / C. & K. Messenger ” eighteen males and six females (UNSM), one male and one female (AFSC); “ PANAMA: Canal Zone / Skunk Hollow, 6 mi. / NW Gatun Locks / V- 17 – 31 - 1980 / B. C. Ratcliffe ” one male (UNSM); “ PANAMA: Panama / Altos (Isla) de Majé / 9 08 ’ N 78 49 ’ W / V- 28 – 30 - 1982 / B. C. Ratcliffe & / C. & K. Messenger ” three males and one female (UNSM), one male (AFSC); “ PANAMA: Canal Zone / Ft. Gulich / V- 17 - 1976, at lights / B. C. Ratcliffe ” one male (UNSM). Other material. “ PANAMA: Darién Prov. / P. N. Darién Rancho / Frio Station, 90 m / 8.0198 ° N, 77.7322 ° W / VI – 1 – 9 – 2015, E. Riley, UV // TAMU — ENTO / X 1229009 ” one male (TAMU); “ PANAMA: Darién, / Filo de Talla Lodge / Metetí, 16 – 20 – V – 2014 / J. B. Heppner, 145 m ” two females (FSCA); “ Panama, Canal Zone / Ft. Gulick, Qtrs. 40 / at light, 1979 / H. J. Harlan, 21 May ” one male (FSCA).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A6C797D29B7D9D4F4BF2CCC.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES. Cicada misella Stål 1854: 243 (Brazil, Minas Gerais).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A6C797D29B7D9D4F4BF2CCC.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The genus was recently revised with a number of new species added including one from Panama (Sanborn 2017 a). All species are relatively small (body length 6 – 18 mm) and the males possess elaborate genitalia that permit species to be diagnosed easily. The head is wider than the mesonotum in Taphura that distinguishes Taphura species from Dorachosa Distant, 1892 whose eyes are angled posteriorly and about as wide as the mesonotum. Species of Selymbria (formerly assigned to the Taphurini) can be distinguished by their larger body size, the expansion of ventrolateral tergite 2 extending towards or covering part of the timbal, the opercula are larger and more lobate reaching to sternite II, the widely sulcate postclypeus of most species, the highly angled tergite-epipleurite margin, and the flattened claspers of the male genitalia (Sanborn 2017 a).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A6C797D29B7D9D4F4BF2CCC.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The genus is found over much of South America including references to Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Panama, Peru, Surinam, Trinidad & Tobago, and Venezuela (Metcalf 1963 c; Duffels & van der Laan 1985; Sanborn 2011 a; 2013; 2016 b; 2017 a; Sanborn & Heath 2014). Panama represents the northernmost range of the genus.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A6A797B29B7DE78F3702F0D.taxon	discussion	Remarks. A wide ranging species that is often common in collections. Another small cicada with prominent eyes. The claspers diverge laterally from their base and form a claw-like terminus. The basal pygofer lobes are reduced (Sanborn 2017 a). The species emerges at the end of the dry season before the beginning of the rainy season so that rain is not the trigger for the emergence but they are primarily active during the rainy season (Wolda 1988; 1989). The species is active from late March to early September (Wolda 1989).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A6A797B29B7DE78F3702F0D.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species ranges over much of South America. It is currently known from Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Panama, Peru, and Venezuela (Metcalf 1963; Sanborn 2013; 2017 a; Sanborn & Heath 2014). The species has been recorded from Barro Colorado Island (Wolda 1988; 1989; Wolda & Ramos 1992) and Las Cumbres, Province of Panama, 150 m altitude in secondary growth forest (Wolda & Ramos 1992) in Panama.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A6A797829B7DC34F7952974.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE GENUS. Cystosoma (Chlorocytsa) Westwood 1851: 208.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A6A797829B7DC34F7952974.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Species are characterized by the fore wings with a very narrow margin, a medially furrowed pronotum, a narrow cruciform elevation, an inflated male abdomen with a medial longitudinal dorsal ridge, the timbals not extending below the wing bases, a flat upper pygofer lobe and pseudoparameres present on the S-shaped aedeagus (Moulds 2005). The position of the Conibosa Distant, 1905 e within the tribe needs to be analyzed in more detail (Marshall et al. 2018). The species of Conibosa possess timbals that extend below the wing bases contrary to the tribal characteristics.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A69797829B7DAFCF6F42B3D.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES. Cephaloxys occidentis Walker 1858 a: 36. (Mexico)	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A69797829B7DAFCF6F42B3D.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Species of Conibosa are characterized within the Chlorocystini by the five apical cells of the hind wings (Distant 1905 e). The ventrolateral postclypeus is flattened with an obvious extension at the apex and the pronotum narrows anteriorly.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A69797829B7DAFCF6F42B3D.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Species of the genus have been reported from Costa Rica, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, and Panama (Metcalf 1963 c; Duffels & van der Laan 1985; Sanborn 2013; 2014; Sanborn & Maes 2012; Maes et al. 2012).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A69797829B7D8C4F6E32D95.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This is the smaller of the two Panamanian species of Conibosa. The body is narrow (about 3 mm wide) with a very prominent postclypeus when viewed from the dorsal side. Fore wing width is about 5.5. mm and the male abdomen is testaceous on the posterior and ventral side. The posterior abdominal segments in males are red and the male operculum is small, roughly rectangular and angled with respect to the midline.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A69797829B7D8C4F6E32D95.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species has been reported from Costa Rica, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, and Panama (Metcalf 1963 c; Duffels & van der Laan 1985; Sanborn 2013; 2014; Sanborn & Maes 2012; Maes et al. 2012). The species was collected at Fortuna, Province of Chiriquí, at 1050 m altitude in forest habitat (Wolda & Ramos 1992) in Panama.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A69797829B7D8C4F6E32D95.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. “ Panamá: Canal Zone / Venado Beach / 14 June, 1976 / Coll. E. G. Riley ” one male (AFSC).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A69797929B7DE9CF35D2FCD.taxon	description	(Fig. 7)	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A69797929B7DE9CF35D2FCD.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype male. “ PANAMA: Cocle / Altos de Campana / mv + bl, 13 May 1996 / R. Turnbow ” (UGCA).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A69797929B7DE9CF35D2FCD.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name is a combination of megalo- (Gr. large) and - opercula and is in reference to the large male opercula when compared to the opercula of other known species of the genus.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A69797929B7DE9CF35D2FCD.taxon	discussion	Remarks. One of the undetermined species of Wolda & Ramos (1992) may represent this new species. However, no locality data or diagnostic characteristics were provided for any of these species and I was unable to locate any specimens labeled as one of the undetermined of the species so that I was unable to determine if the new species is the same as one of the previously mentioned species.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A69797929B7DE9CF35D2FCD.taxon	description	Description. Ground color greenish testaceous. Green is probably much brighter in fresh specimens based on specimens of C. occidentis I have seen. Head. Head as wide as mesonotum, testaceous with green longitudinal green fascia lateral to lateral ocelli, along medial margin of eye, on posterior epicranial suture and on frons anterior to median ocellus. Long silvery pile posterior to eye. Ocelli rosaceous, eyes tawny and fuscous. Ventral head testaceous, green mark on medial lorum beginning at about half length and continuing along lateral anteclypeus. Silvery pile on ventral head. Postclypeus testaceous with green lateral margin, ventral side flattened laterally and centrally with deep, thin carina, dorsal surface testaceous, slightly darker along midline and bifurcating around carina at apex, with green posterior margin. Postclypeus with seven transverse grooves restricted to the anterior half. Anteclypeus testacesous, covered with long silvery pile. Rostrum testaceous, becoming castaneous and piceous at tip with long silvery pile on tip, reaching to hind coxae. Scape and proximal pedicel testaceous, distal pedicel and antennal flagellae fuscous. Thorax. Dorsal thorax testaceous with green in posterior paramedian fissure extending posteriorly across disk to posterior lateral fissure, lateral fissure extending posteriorly across disk and laterally along ambient fissure, short silvery pile in ambient fissure, pronotal collar testaceous. Mesonotum testaceous with green sigillae, wing groove and central cruciform elevation. Metanotum testaceous. Silvery pile on mesonotum laterally, between anterior arms of cruciform elevation, in wing groove, and on posterior metanotum. Ventral thoracic segments greenish testaceous, with sparse, long silvery pile. Wings. Fore wings and hind wings hyaline with eight and five apical cells respectively. Venation green, becoming testaceous distally, posterior anal vein 2 + 3 with piceous posterior margin. Basal cell clear. Infuscation on distal end of apical cell 1 extending across ambient vein to wing margin apex. Basal membrane of fore wing light gray. Venation of hind wing greenish. Legs. Legs testaceous striped with green, distal tibiae and distal tarsi castaneous, tarsal claws green proximally, piceous distally. Fore femora with four spines, all angled with green base and castaneous tip, spines become smaller distally, proximal and secondary spines parallel, tertiary and apical spines parallel at base and angled more than proximal and secondary spine, tertiary spine curved in distal half. Tibial spurs green proximally, castaneous distally, tibial comb castaneous. Operculum. Male operculum with straight lateral margin, rounded posterolateral, posterior and medial margins, not meeting medially, reaching to anterior of sternite II barely covering tympanal cavity, testaceous with ochraceous base and lateral margin, covered with silvery pile, more dense at base. Meracanthus pointed, extending about half the length of the operculum, ochraceous with a testaceous base. Opercula with long silvery pile radiating from edge. Abdomen. Abdominal tergites testaceous with green posterior margins and greenish anterior tergite 2 margin, covered with silvery pile, most dense on tergite 8. Timbal cover absent, timbal with greenish timbal plate and nine testaceous ribs, extending below wing base. Sternites testaceous with short silvery pile, sternites III – VI with bright red posterior third, sternite VII almost completely bright red, sternite VIII testaceous with red along midline. Epipleurites testaceous, reflexed strongly forming a channel on either side of sternites. Genitalia. Male pygofer testaceous with green lateral surfaces, dorsal beak roughly triangular with rounded apex, covered with short silvery pile, longer and more dense at base of upper pygofer lobe and along length of basal pygofer lobe. Pygofer basal lobe extended and fused to pygofer, pygofer upper lobes testaceous, elongated with rounded terminus, angled medially and meeting above anal styles. Anal styles light fuscous, anal tube green. Median uncus lobe green, very short. Claspers green with lobate base, curved spine with castaneous tip extending from posterior. Aedeagus castaneous, tubular at base, flattening distally with white membrane. Female is unknown. Measurements (mm). N = 1 male. Length of body: 14.9; length of fore wing: 18.65; width of fore wing: 7.2; length of head: 1.8; width of head including eyes: 4.0; width of pronotum including suprahumeral plates: 3.9; width of mesonotum: 4.0.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A69797929B7DE9CF35D2FCD.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This is the larger of the two known species of Conibosa. The body is of normal proportions for its size (about 4 mm wide vs. 3 mm in C. occidentis) with a slightly protruding postclypeus when viewed from the dorsal side rather than the prominently extended postclypeus of C. occidentis. Fore wing width is about 7.2. mm in the new species and about 5.5. mm in C. occidentis. The posterior abdominal segments in males in C. occidentis are red and the male operculum is small, roughly rectangular and angled with respect to the midline exposing the tympanal cavity on all sides except at base. There are still three species of Conibosa that have been introduced in the literature without species identification or description (Sanborn 2013) so there are no data available for comparison to the new species.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A69797929B7DE9CF35D2FCD.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species is known only from the type specimen collected in Coclé Province, Panama.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A66797729B7DBDCF6D929B7.taxon	discussion	Remarks. No diagnostic characteristics were provided in Wolda & Ramos (1992) for this species combined with the inability to locate any specimens labeled as this species means there is no mechanism to distinguish the species.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A66797729B7DBDCF6D929B7.taxon	distribution	Distribution. It was reported as being collected in Panama by Wolda & Ramos (1992) but without locality data.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A66797729B7DABDF6D92B3A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. No diagnostic characteristics were provided in Wolda & Ramos (1992) for this species combined with the inability to locate any specimens labeled as this species means there is no mechanism to distinguish the species either.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A66797729B7DABDF6D92B3A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. It was reported as being collected in Panama by Wolda & Ramos (1992) but without locality data.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A66797729B7DE69F5C42EFB.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE GENUS. Selymbria Stål 1861: 615.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A66797729B7DE69F5C42EFB.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The genus Selymbria was recently moved from the Taphurini to this new monogeneric tribe (Marshall et al. 2018). The basal position of the genus in the multi-gene tree suggests it is an ancient lineage and it is the only genus of Cicadidae to show similarity in the aedeagus structure to the species of Tettigarcta of the Family Tettigarctidae Distant, 1905 f (Marshall et al. 2018). The Selymbriini differ from the other Tibicininae by the supraantennal plate almost meeting the eye, the lack of an accessory auditory structure in the males, the undulated and not right-angled distally aedeagal basal plate, a very short theca that is laterally expanded into a broad flat distal end that is ornamented with triangular wings like species of the Tettigarctidae, and an exceedingly long uncus that is undivided and not retractable within the pygofer (Marshall et al. 2018).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A66797729B7D83AF5EA2CCB.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The Tibicininae can be distinguished by the metanotum being entirely concealed on the dorsal midline, fore wing cubitus posterior and anal vein 1 unfused (except in the Platypediini Kato, 1932), hind wing radius posterior and median veins unfused at their bases, male opercula distinctively S-shaped with deeply concave lateral margin not reaching posterior margins of tympanal cavities, males without abdominal timbal covers or with partially recurved rim, the male pygofer with undeveloped distal shoulder, pygofer upper lobes absent (present only in the Selymbriini Moulds and Marshall, 2018 (in Marshall et al. 2018 )), uncus very long and non-retractable within pygofer, claspers absent, aedeagus with ventrobasal pocket, restrained by tubular encapsulation below uncus, apical theca with a pair of leaf-like lateral lobes (Marshall et al. 2018).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A66797429B7DC79F5C729BC.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES. Cicada signifera Germar 1830: 44. (Brazil)	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A66797429B7DC79F5C729BC.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The characteristics given for the tribe also distinguish the only currently assigned genus, Selymbria, within the Selymbriini. Particularly the triangular head when viewed from the dorsal side, prominent eyes, recurved ridge on the posterior timbal cavity, and the long uncus are obvious structures to identify members of the genus.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A66797429B7DC79F5C729BC.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Species of the genus have been reported from Argentina, Brazil, Costa Rica, French Guiana, Guatemala, and Panama (Metcalf 1963 c; Sanborn 2011 a; 2013; Sanborn & Heath 2014). The genus appears to be restricted in its Panamanian distribution with specimens being collected only on Barro Colorado Island and not at any of the six other habitats where traps were set (Ramos & Wolda 1985).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A65797429B7D944F43A2BA6.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species can be distinguished from S. pluvialis Ramos & Wolda, 1985 by the absence of a spot of infuscation on the apex of the fore wing. This species emerges during the last month of the rainy season and early dry season between late November and February and tends to fly at lower altitudes in the forest based on the majority being captured in the trap near the ground (Ramos & Wolda 1985; Wolda 1977; 1988; 1989; 1993).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A65797429B7D944F43A2BA6.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species is known only from Panama (Sanborn 2013). Panamanian specimens are from Barro Colorado Island, Panama Canal Zone, 120 m altitude in lowland forest (Ramos & Wolda 1985; Wolda 1977; 1988; 1989; 1993; Wolda & Ramos 1992).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A65797529B7DF4EF2632E41.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Selymbria pluvialis can be distinguished quickly from S. ahyetios by the spot of infuscation on the apex of the fore wing. This species emerges when the rains begin and is active during the early and mid-rainy season between late April and mid-September and tends to fly at higher altitudes in the forest based on the majority being captured in the canopy trap (Ramos & Wolda 1985; Wolda 1977; 1988; 1989).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A65797529B7DF4EF2632E41.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species has been reported previously from Costa Rica, Guatemala and Panama (Sanborn 2013; 2014). Panamanian specimens are from Barro Colorado Island, Panama Canal Zone, 120 m altitude in lowland forest (Ramos & Wolda 1985; Wolda 1977; 1988; 1989; Wolda & Ramos 1992).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A65797529B7DF4EF2632E41.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. “ PANAMA: Chiriquí Prov. / Ojo de Agua, Fca. Hartmann / 8.86159 ° N, 82.74339 ° W / 4 - 5,000 ft, VIII – 1 – 4 – 2011 / E. G. & M. L. Riley, UV ” one female (TAMU); “ PANAMA: Panamá Prov. / Llano-Carti Rd., Burbayar / Lodge, VIII – 7 – 9 – 2011 / 9.31753 ° N, 78.99212 ° W / E. G. & M. L. Riley, UV ” two females (TAMU); “ PANAMA: Darién Prov. / P. N. Darién Rancho / Frio Station, 90 m / 8.0198 ° N, 77.7322 ° W / VI – 1 – 9 – 2015, E. Riley, UV // TAMU — ENTO / X 1229745 ” one male (AFSC); “ PANAMA: Darién Prov. / P. N. Darién Rancho / Frio Station, 90 m / 8.0198 ° N, 77.7322 ° W / VI – 1 – 9 – 2015, E. Riley, UV // TAMU — ENTO / X 1229733 ” one male (TAMU); “ PANAMA: Darién Prov. / P. N. Darién Rancho / Frio Station, 90 m / 8.0198 ° N, 77.7322 ° W / VI – 1 – 9 – 2015, E. Riley, UV // TAMU — ENTO / X 1229412 ” one male (TAMU); “ PANAMA: Darién Prov. / P. N. Darién Rancho / Frio Station, 90 m / 8.0198 ° N, 77.7322 ° W / VI – 1 – 9 – 2015, E. Riley, UV // TAMU — ENTO / X 1231090 ” one male (TAMU); “ PANAMA: Darién Prov. / P. N. Darién Rancho / Frio Station, 90 m / 8.0198 ° N, 77.7322 ° W / VI – 1 – 9 – 2015, E. Riley, UV // TAMU — ENTO / X 1229760 ” one male (TAMU); “ PANAMA: Darién Prov. / P. N. Darién Rancho / Frio Station, 90 m / 8.0198 ° N, 77.7322 ° W / VI – 1 – 9 – 2015, E. Riley, UV // TAMU — ENTO / X 1229244 ” one male (TAMU); “ PANAMA: Darién Prov. / P. N. Darién Rancho / Frio Station, 90 m / 8.0198 ° N, 77.7322 ° W / VI – 1 – 9 – 2015, E. Riley, UV // TAMU — ENTO / X 1229425 ” one female (TAMU); “ PANAMA: Darién Prov. / P. N. Darién Rancho / Frio Station, 90 m / 8.0198 ° N, 77.7322 ° W / VI – 1 – 9 – 2015, E. Riley, UV // TAMU — ENTO / X 1229429 ” one female (TAMU); “ PANAMA: Darién Prov. / P. N. Darién Rancho / Frio Station, 90 m / 8.0198 ° N, 77.7322 ° W / VI – 1 – 9 – 2015, E. Riley, UV // TAMU — ENTO / X 1227995 ” one female (TAMU); “ PANAMA: Darién Prov. / P. N. Darién Rancho / Frio Station, 90 m / 8.0198 ° N, 77.7322 ° W / VI – 1 – 9 – 2015, E. Riley, UV // TAMU — ENTO / X 1229926 ” one female (TAMU); “ PANAMA: Darién Prov. / P. N. Darién Rancho / Frio Station, 90 m / 8.0198 ° N, 77.7322 ° W / VI – 1 – 9 – 2015, E. Riley, UV // TAMU — ENTO / X 1229955 ” one female (TAMU); “ PANAMA: Darién Prov. / P. N. Darién Rancho / Frio Station, 90 m / 8.0198 ° N, 77.7322 ° W / VI – 1 – 9 – 2015, E. Riley, UV // TAMU — ENTO / X 1230202 ” one female (TAMU); “ PANAMA: Darién Prov. / P. N. Darién Rancho / Frio Station, 90 m / 8.0198 ° N, 77.7322 ° W / VI – 1 – 9 – 2015, E. Riley, UV // TAMU — ENTO / X 1230351 ” one female (TAMU); “ PANAMA: Darién Prov. / P. N. Darién Rancho / Frio Station, 90 m / 8.0198 ° N, 77.7322 ° W / VI – 1 – 9 – 2015, E. Riley, UV // TAMU — ENTO / X 1229395 ” one female (TAMU); “ PANAMA: Darién Prov. / P. N. Darién Rancho / Frio Station, 90 m / 8.0198 ° N, 77.7322 ° W / VI – 1 – 9 – 2015, E. Riley, UV // TAMU — ENTO / X 1230721 ” one female (TAMU); “ PANAMA: Darién Prov. / P. N. Darién Rancho / Frio Station, 90 m / 8.0198 ° N, 77.7322 ° W / VI – 1 – 9 – 2015, E. Riley, UV // TAMU — ENTO / X 1229929 ” one female (TAMU); “ PANAMA: Darién Prov. / P. N. Darién Rancho / Frio Station, 90 m / 8.0198 ° N, 77.7322 ° W / VI – 1 – 9 – 2015, E. Riley, UV // TAMU — ENTO / X 1229952 ” one female (AFSC); “ PANAMA: Darién Prov. / P. N. Darién Rancho / Frio Station, 90 m / 8.0198 ° N, 77.7322 ° W / VI – 1 – 9 – 2015, E. Riley, UV // TAMU — ENTO / X 1230456 ” one female (TAMU); “ PANAMA: Darién Prov. / P. N. Darién Rancho / Frio Station, 90 m / 8.0198 ° N, 77.7322 ° W / VI – 1 – 9 – 2015, E. Riley, UV // TAMU — ENTO / X 1229960 ” one female (TAMU); “ PANAMA: Darién Prov. / P. N. Darién Rancho / Frio Station, 90 m / 8.0198 ° N, 77.7322 ° W / VI – 1 – 9 – 2015, E. Riley, UV // TAMU — ENTO / X 1231069 ” one female (TAMU); “ PANAMA: Darién Prov. / P. N. Darién Cerro Pirre / “ Campo Plastico ” 620 m / 7.9973 ° N, 77.7129 ° W / VI – 3 – 5 – 2015, E. Riley, UV // TAMU — ENTO / X 1229328 ” one male (AFSC); “ PANAMA: Darién Prov. / P. N. Darién Cerro Pirre / “ Campo Plastico ” 620 m / 7.9973 ° N, 77.7129 ° W / VI – 3 – 5 – 2015, E. Riley, UV // TAMU — ENTO / X 1229735 ” one female (AFSC); “ PANAMA: Darién Prov. / P. N. Darién Cerro Pirre / “ Campo Plastico ” 620 m / 7.9973 ° N, 77.7129 ° W / VI – 3 – 5 – 2015, E. Riley, UV // TAMU — ENTO / X 1229559 ” one female (TAMU); “ PANAMA: Darién Prov. / P. N. Darién Cerro Pirre / “ Campo Plastico ” 620 m / 7.9973 ° N, 77.7129 ° W / VI – 3 – 5 – 2015, E. Riley, UV // TAMU — ENTO / X 1290568 ” one female (TAMU); “ PANAMA: Darién Prov. / P. N. Darién Cerro Pirre / “ Campo Plastico ” 620 m / 7.9973 ° N, 77.7129 ° W / VI – 3 – 5 – 2015, E. Riley, UV // TAMU — ENTO / X 1229271 ” one female (TAMU); “ PANAMA: Darién Prov. / P. N. Darién Cerro Pirre / “ Campo Plastico ” 620 m / 7.9973 ° N, 77.7129 ° W / VI – 3 – 5 – 2015, E. Riley, UV // TAMU — ENTO / X 1229582 ” one female (TAMU); “ PANAMA: Darién Prov. / P. N. Darién Cerro Pirre / “ Campo Plastico ” 620 m / 7.9973 ° N, 77.7129 ° W / VI – 3 – 5 – 2015, E. Riley, UV // TAMU — ENTO / X 1229308 ” one female (TAMU); “ PANAMA: Colón / Sierra Llorona Lodge 225 m / Cerro Sta. Rita 2 – 3 Aug 2008 / J. B. Heppner ” two males and two females (FSCA); “ PANAMA: Colón Prov. Sta. / Rita Arriba, Sierra Llorona / Lodge 21 to 24 – VIII – 2012 / 225 m J. Heppner ” one female (FSCA); “ PANAMA: Colón, Sierra / Llorona Lodge, Santa Rita / Arriba, 21 – 24 – VIII – 2013 225 m / collector: J. B. Heppner ” one female (FSCA); “ PANAMA: Canal Zone / Barro Colorado Island / 23 – V – 1977 / L. R. Davis, Jr. ” one male (AFSC); “ PANAMÁ: Canal Zone / Base of Cerro / Galera VI – 19 – 1985 / E. Riley & D. Rider ” one female (AFSC); “ PANAMÁ: Canal Zone / Base of Cerro / Galera VI – 9 – 1985 / E. Riley & D. Rider ” one female (AFSC); “ PANAMA Pnm Prv. / Pipeline Rd K 1 – 12 / 26 – 30 – VI – 1997 / Wappes & Morris ” one male (AFSC); “ PANAMA: Panama / Cerro Jefe / 27 June – 29 July 1997 / J. Huether ” one female (AFSC); “ PANAMA Pnma Prv / K 8 – 13 El Llno-Carti / Rd 10 – 13 May 1996 / Wappes Huether & Morris ” one male (AFSC); “ Republic of Panama // Coco Solo Tank Farm CZ / EX: UVLamp L. T / Coll: EHA / 16 Jul 1975 ” one female (AFSC).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A64797229B7DDAFF7E62A71.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Metcalf (1952) previously synonymized the species with Dorisiana semilata (Walker, 1850). However, the taxon represented by Cicada viridis Olivier, 1790 is distinct from D. semilata in genitalia and other morphological characteristics & Sanborn & Heath (2014) provided Dorisiana metcalfi nom. nov. as a replacement name for the taxon represented by Cicada viridis Olivier, 1790. Specimens from Surinam are required to be able to determine if D. metcalfi and D. semilata are in fact synonyms. The general features and coloration of this species may have meant it was mistaken for G. bogotana. Dorisiana metcalfi is about the same size and has a very similar morphology to G. bogotana. There are minor coloration differences between the species with the genitalia being the most reliable way to distinguish the species. Both species have the same ground color, the head of G. bogotana has a few small piceous marks missing in D. metcalfi. The use of the taxon “ viridis ” has a complex and varied application (see Sanborn & Heath 2014). It is highly probable that Wolda (1977; 1983 b) was actually collecting G. bogotana. As described above, the specimens Wolda identified as D. viridis are considered to be G. bogotana and represent the only reference to the species in Panama. As a result, D. metcalfi is removed from the cicada fauna of Panama.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A64797229B7DDAFF7E62A71.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species has been reported from Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Surinam, and Venezuela (Metcalf 1963 a; Dorval et al. 2011; Sanborn 2011 b; 2013; Santos-Cividanes et al. 2013; Sanborn & Heath 2014).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A63797229B7D9F0F5AF2E2F.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The number of species that were synonymized by Metcalf (1963 a) may not all represent the same species. For example, D. metcalfi was erected out of synonymy after it was shown the genitalia of the species differed (Sanborn & Heath 2014). The relatively short descriptions in Walker (1850) may mean that some of the synonymized species are in fact valid taxa. The reference to D. semilata in Panama was a mistake in Sanborn (2007 a). I made reference to the Metcalf (1963 a) and Duffels & van der Laan (1985) catalogues as the source for all the distribution records. However, there are no citations where Panama is listed for D. semilata in either of these catalogues. No specimens have been seen or reported in the literature that have been collected in Panama. As a result, D. semilata is removed from the cicada fauna of Panama.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A63797229B7D9F0F5AF2E2F.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species has been reported from a wide geographic range. Records for the species have been published for Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, St. Lucia, the Antilles, Trinidad & Tobago, Uruguay, and Venezuela (Metcalf 1963 a; Duffels & van der Laan 1985; Dorval et al. 2011; Sanborn 2011 a; 2011 b; 2013; 2014; Sanborn & Heath 2014). The range may be refined significantly if some of the synonyms are actually valid species.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A63797329B7DDD5F2D229E4.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The species was reported at Boquete, Province of Chiriquí, at 1350 m altitude in remnant forest habitat by Wolda & Ramos (1992). However, these are considered misidentifications of Carineta maculosa. Torres (1948) identified the species illustrated as C. fasciculata in Jacobi (1907) as C. maculosa. Torres (1948) further corrected identifications of examples of northern Carineta species as his new species. Martinelli & Zucchi (1997) illustrate the distribution of C. fasciculata. The species appears to be restricted to grassland, savannah, open forest habitats, xeric shrublands and agricultural areas (as defined by Leeuwen et al. 2013) of eastern and southern Brazil, northeastern Argentina, eastern Paraguay and northeastern Bolivia (Martinelli & Zucchi 1997). The reference to Colombia (Apolinar 1946; Jacobi 1907) and Ecuador (Jacobi 1907) were made before Torres (1948) described his species and Jacobi was shown by Torres to confuse the taxa as Jacobi illustrated the taxon he considered C. fasciculata. The reference in Wolda & Ramos (1992) to C. fasciculata was collected at the same locality as the specimen of C. maculosa reported in the paper. Based on these data, the records of C. fasciculata in Panama are considered C. maculosa and C. fasciulata is removed from the cicada fauna of Panama.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A63797329B7DDD5F2D229E4.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species has been reported from Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, and Paraguay (Metcalf 1963 c; Duffels & van der Laan 1985; Maccagnan & Martinelli 2011; Sanborn 2011 b; 2013). The previous records in Colombia, Ecuador and Panama are considered misidentifications of Carineta maculosa as the species appears to be distributed in southern and eastern South America as described above.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A62797329B7DF69F34C2ED6.taxon	discussion	Remarks. I found a problem with the generic assignment of Bergalna xanthospila while trying to identify specimens for this study. The species was transferred to Bergalna based on the tripartite tarsi and lack of a point on the posterior cruciform elevation based on the Boulard & Martinelli (1996) key where the genus was erected (Sanborn 2010 b). However, the tripartite tarsi mean the species should be in the Guyalnina not the Fidicinini so it was mistakenly assigned to Bergalna based on misinterpretation of the genus position in key with respect to the different of the subtribes. Therefore, based on the tripartite tarsi, the head being wider than the mesonotum with eyes protruding beyond the anterior pronotum, the pronotum shorter than the mesonotum, partially visible metanotum laterally by the wing groove, an arched posterior cruciform elevation, triangular opercula not meeting along midline, a timbal cover that conceals only the lateral portion of the timbal with a concave anteromedial margin, the ventral timbal cover margin angled to the long body axis, a rounded pygofer distal shoulder, the lack of a dorsal beak, large upper pygofer lobes separated from pygofer, indistinct basal pygofer lobes, horseshoe-shaped uncus when viewed from the posterior and a tubular aedeagus, the species should be calssified in the genus Dorisiana based on the current characteristics of the genus (Sanborn 2016 a). The species is reassigned to Dorisiana to become Dorisiana xanthospila (Germar, 1830) n. comb.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A62797329B7DF69F34C2ED6.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species has been recorded from Brazil and Colombia (Metcalf 1963 a; Sanborn 2013).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A62797329B7D90CF2E02B82.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Reference to the species being in Panama came in Wolda (1984). However, these specimens were determined to be S. pluvialis by Ramos & Wolda (1985). As a result, S. stigmatica is removed from the Panamanian cicada fauna as the species is currently only known from Brazil.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A62797329B7D90CF2E02B82.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species is currently known only from Brazil (Metcalf 1963 c; Sanborn 2013).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A62797029B7DC5FF3652A71.taxon	discussion	Remarks. I found a similar problem with the generic assignment of Fidicinoides flavibasalis while trying to identify specimens for this study. The species was transferred to Fidicinoides based on the small lateral metascutellar pltes, te small dorso-lateral opening to the timbal cavity, the smooth lateral surfaces of the cruciform elevation, and the eyes not exceeding the breadth of the suprahumeral lobes of the pronotum (Sanborn et al. 2008). However, this species also possesses tripartite tarsi meaning it should be classified in the Guyalnina and not the Fidicinini. Therefore, based on the tripartite tarsi, the head being wider than the mesonotum with eyes protruding beyond the anterior pronotum, the pronotum shorter than the mesonotum, partially visible metanotum laterally by the wing groove, a arched posterior cruciform elevation, triangular opercula not meeting along midline, a timbal cover that conceals only the lateral portion of the timbal with a concave anteromedial margin and semicircular anterior apex, the ventral timbal cover margin parallel to the long body axis, a rounded pygofer distal shoulder, the lack of a dorsal beak, large upper pygofer lobes separated from pygofer, indistinct basal pygofer lobes, horseshoeshaped uncus when viewed from the posterior and a tubular aedeagus, the species should be calssified in the genus Guyalna based on the current characteristics of the genus (Sanborn 2016 a). The species is reassigned to Guyalna to become Guyalna flavibasalis (Distant, 1905) n. comb.	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
03A587B82A62797029B7DC5FF3652A71.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species has been recorded from Colombia and Ecuador (Metcalf 1963 a; Sanborn 2013).	en	Sanborn, Allen F. (2018): The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Panama including the description of six new species, three new combinations, one new synonymy, and nine new records. Zootaxa 4493 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4493.1.1
