identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03A2BA4EDF48FF89FC2BDB8FFCEC43AE.text	03A2BA4EDF48FF89FC2BDB8FFCEC43AE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Plesiosminthus Viret 1926	<div><p>Genus PLESIOSMINTHUS Viret, 1926</p> <p>Remarks. Many authors give Fischer de Waldheim or Fischer von Waldheim as author of the family Dipodidae. However, Hutterer (2003) stated: "Fischer was elevated to nobility in 1835, and then adopted the title von Waldheim. His earlier work should be cited as Fischer."</p> <p>Type species. Plesiosminthus schaubi Viret, 1926.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A2BA4EDF48FF89FC2BDB8FFCEC43AE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Freudenthal, Matthijs;Martín-Suárez, Elvira	Freudenthal, Matthijs, Martín-Suárez, Elvira (2017): A revision of European Plesiosminthus (Rodentia, Dipodidae), and new material from the upper Oligocene of Teruel (Spain). Palaeontologia Electronica 9 (1): 1-25, DOI: 10.26879/678, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26879/678
03A2BA4EDF49FF8EFF52D834FEE34488.text	03A2BA4EDF49FF8EFF52D834FEE34488.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Plesiosminthus promyarion Schaub 1930	<div><p>Plesiosminthus promyarion Schaub, 1930</p> <p>Type locality. Puy-de-Montdoury, MP 28, France.</p> <p>Holotype. Schaub (1925) classified two m3 from Puy-de-Montdoury as? Cricetodon spec. One is extremely worn and was not described. He described the other one (Au 1214) in detail and figured it (Schaub, 1925, plate 2, figure 10). Later, Schaub (1930) placed the two aforementioned m3 from Puy-de-Montdoury in a new species, Plesiosminthus promyarion, whose type material also includes a M2 with double protolophule from Rickenbach, Germany. Schaub (1930) did not designate a holotype. Hugueney and Vianey-Liaud (1980) designated the specimen Au 1214 as the holotype, but in fact it is a lectotype. Such type material is clearly insufficient to define a species of Plesiosminthus, or, in other words, P. promyarion is a nomen dubium in the sense of article 75.5 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.</p> <p>The first exhaustive description of P. promyarion is by Hugueney and Vianey-Liaud (1980). These authors recognized the insufficiency of the type material, and therefore introduced the sample from Pech Desse as reference for P. promyarion. What they did in fact was change the concept of the species P. promyarion, coining the name to a different sample. Furthermore, they placed P. bavaricus Freudenberg, 1941 from Gaimersheim, poorly known at the time, in synonymy with P. promyarion.</p> <p>Since the paper by Hugueney and Vianey-Liaud (1980) our knowledge of Plesiosminthus has increased, and several new species have been described. Particularly important is the redescription of an enlarged collection from Gaimersheim by Kristkoiz (1992). That author maintained the synonymy of P. bavaricus and P. promyarion, but here we will show that the samples from Gaimersheim and Pech Desse represent different species. That means that it is impossible to know whether the type material of P. promyarion belongs to P. bavaricus or to the species from Pech Desse. The best solution is to create a new name for the Pech Desse material and restrict P. promyarion to the type material.</p> <p>Hugueney and Vianey-Liaud (1980) attributed a sample from Pech-du-Fraysse to the same species as the one from Pech Desse. However, it seems to represent a different species since four of the six figured M2 from Pech-du-Fraysse have a posterior protolophule besides the anterior one. Furthermore, in Pech Desse the mesolophid of m3 is nearly always long, never absent, whereas in PDF it is shorter and may be absent. Also, the antecingulum of M1 is nearly always present in the latter locality. The width of M1 and of the lower molars is significantly larger in PDF than in PDES.</p> <p>Insufficiently described samples have been reported from Ruisseau du Bey, Switzerland (Engesser, 1987), Cournon, and La Devèze, both in France (Hugueney and Vianey-Liaud, 1980). We provisionally refer to these samples and to the one from PDF as P. promyarion Auctorum, since it is impossible to know to what species they belong.</p> <p>Plesiosminthus promyarion has been reported from Vivel del Río (Hugueney et al., 1987). We transfer that sample to P. cf. margaritae n. sp. (see below).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A2BA4EDF49FF8EFF52D834FEE34488	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Freudenthal, Matthijs;Martín-Suárez, Elvira	Freudenthal, Matthijs, Martín-Suárez, Elvira (2017): A revision of European Plesiosminthus (Rodentia, Dipodidae), and new material from the upper Oligocene of Teruel (Spain). Palaeontologia Electronica 9 (1): 1-25, DOI: 10.26879/678, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26879/678
03A2BA4EDF4EFF8EFE8CDECEFB3744A8.text	03A2BA4EDF4EFF8EFE8CDECEFB3744A8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Plesiosminthus moniqueae Freudenthal & Martín-Suárez 2017	<div><p>Plesiosminthus moniqueae n. sp.</p> <p>zoobank.org/ 0154335C-6C9E-4F15-9ABD-3C64C0CECFF7</p> <p>Type locality. Pech Desse, MP 28, Quercy, France. Holotype. M2 sin., PDS 510, Hugueney and Vianey-Liaud (1980, plate 4g).</p> <p>Measurements. Appendix 1 (from Hugueney and Vianey-Liaud, 1980).</p> <p>Derivatio nominis. In honour of Dr. Monique Vianey-Liaud, co-author of the first monographic paper on Plesiosminthus after the study by Schaub (1930).</p> <p>Diagnosis. Based on data in Hugueney and Vianey-Liaud (1980); In m1 the anteroconid is isolated and the mesostylid is well developed; the ectolophid is rarely interrupted at the protoconid. In m2 the protoconid hind arm (or posterior metalophulid) is complete in 30%, absent in about 20% of the specimens, and incomplete in the rest; in m3 it is absent in about 30% and complete or incomplete in the rest. M1 and M2 almost equal in length. In M1 the mesostyle is well developed; in 33% of the specimens, there is an anterostyle and a cingulum in front of the anteroloph. In M2 the protolophule is anterior and a posterior connection is rarely present.</p> <p>Differential diagnosis. Plesiosminthus moniqueae n. sp. from Pech Desse differs from most other species (except for P. schaubi and P. admyarion) by the rarely present posterior protolophule in M2 (morphology value MV = 0.195; see Table 3 and Figure 2). It differs from P. schaubi and P. admyarion by its smaller size.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A2BA4EDF4EFF8EFE8CDECEFB3744A8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Freudenthal, Matthijs;Martín-Suárez, Elvira	Freudenthal, Matthijs, Martín-Suárez, Elvira (2017): A revision of European Plesiosminthus (Rodentia, Dipodidae), and new material from the upper Oligocene of Teruel (Spain). Palaeontologia Electronica 9 (1): 1-25, DOI: 10.26879/678, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26879/678
03A2BA4EDF4EFF8FFCCDD92EFF194070.text	03A2BA4EDF4EFF8FFCCDD92EFF194070.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Plesiosminthus bavaricus Freudenberg 1941	<div><p>Plesiosminthus bavaricus Freudenberg, 1941</p> <p>Type locality. Gaimersheim, MP28, Germany.</p> <p>Synonymy. Plesiosminthus promyarion in Kristkoiz (1992).</p> <p>Holotype. Not designated, but marked as holotype in the Munich collection: Mandibula dext. with m1 –</p> <p>m3, SNSB-BSPG 1939 XI 23, figured in Freudenberg (1941, figure 8 and plate 12, figure 17) and Kristkoiz (1992, plate 1, figure c) (information kindly provided by Dr. G. Roessner, Munich).</p> <p>Measurements. Appendix 1 (from Kristkoiz, 1992). Emended diagnosis. Extracting the most important features from Kristkoiz (1992) we propose the following diagnosis: in m1 the anteroconid is isolated and the mesostylid is weakly developed; the protoconid hind arm is nearly always bent, rarely straight; the ectolophid is rarely interrupted at the protoconid; an ectostylid or cingulum is present in the sinusid in about half the cases. In m2 the protoconid hind arm (or posterior metalophulid) is complete in 50% of the specimens. In m3 the protoconid hind arm is generally absent and the mesolophid is nearly always long, reaching the molar border. In M1 an antecingulum is rarely present, the mesostyle is small. In M2, besides the anterior one, the posterior protolophule is present in more than half the cases, either interrupted or rarely complete; the entoloph is never connected to the protocone.</p> <p>Plesiosminthus bavaricus differs from P. moniqueae n. sp. by: the less frequent ectostylid/ cingulum in m1 (44% vs. 93%); the better developed protoconid hind arm in m2; the less frequent antecingulum in M1; the poorly developed mesostyle in M1, which is always well developed in Pech Desse; the more frequent posterior protolophule in M2.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A2BA4EDF4EFF8FFCCDD92EFF194070	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Freudenthal, Matthijs;Martín-Suárez, Elvira	Freudenthal, Matthijs, Martín-Suárez, Elvira (2017): A revision of European Plesiosminthus (Rodentia, Dipodidae), and new material from the upper Oligocene of Teruel (Spain). Palaeontologia Electronica 9 (1): 1-25, DOI: 10.26879/678, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26879/678
03A2BA4EDF4FFF8DFC17DD96FC524032.text	03A2BA4EDF4FFF8DFC17DD96FC524032.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Plesiosminthus margaritae Freudenthal & Martín-Suárez 2017	<div><p>Plesiosminthus margaritae n. sp.</p> <p>Figure 3.1-12</p> <p>zoobank.org/ 9B1B48B8-7527-453D-9031-F0D850E9627B</p> <p>Type locality. Mirambueno 1, MP27, Spain.</p> <p>Holotype. M2 dext., MIR1 193, Museo de Ciencias</p> <p>Naturales, Universidad de Zaragoza.</p> <p>Material. Collection Naturalis-Leiden: 21 m 1, RGM</p> <p>558094–558114; 32 m 2, RGM 558115–558146; 41</p> <p>m3, RGM 558147–558187; 1 P4, RGM 558307; 49</p> <p>M1, RGM 558188–558236; 36 M2, RGM 558237–</p> <p>558272; 33 M3, RGM 558273–558306. Collection</p> <p>Zaragoza: 2 m 1, MIR1 164–165; 11 m 2, MIR1</p> <p>166–176; 4 m 3, MIR1 177–180; 8 M1, MIR1 181–</p> <p>188; 7 M2, MIR1 189–195; 3 M3, MIR1 196–197,</p> <p>228.</p> <p>Measurements. Appendix 1, Figure 4.</p> <p>Derivatio nominis. In honour of Dr. Marguerite</p> <p>Hugueney, co-author of the first monographic paper on Plesiosminthus after the study by Schaub</p> <p>(1930).</p> <p>Diagnosis. Anteroconid of m1 small, without an anterolophulid. Ectolophid oblique. Mesoconid and mesostylid generally absent; when present, poorly developed. Protoconid hind arm of m2 transverse and low connected to the metaconid in half the cases, may be absent or short, or of medium length. Ectolophid oblique or, less frequently, longitudinal. Mesoconid and mesostylid like in m1. Protoconid hind arm in m3 the predominantly absent,</p> <p>mesolophid generally long, may reach the border of the molar. Anterocone, anterostyle, and mesostyle in M1 generally absent. Protolophule in M2</p> <p>anterior, frequently accompanied by a - complete or incomplete posterior connection.</p> <p>Description. Number of specimens in brackets.</p> <p>m1—anteroconid absent (3), small (11), or with cingulum (3); anterolophulid absent; metalophulid absent; protoconid hind arm transverse and low connected to the metaconid (4), transverse and high connected to the metaconid (9), bent and low connected to the metaconid (1), or bent and high connected to the metaconid (8); ectolophid longitudinal (1) or oblique (22); ectolophid complete (14), anteriorly interrupted (6), or isolated (2); mesoconid absent (16) or weak (4); mesosinusid open (19) or closed (3); mesolophid reaching the border of the molar (15) or ends in a mesostylid (6); ectomesolophid absent; hypolophulid anterior transverse (17) or transverse (5); hypoconid hind arm absent; posterolophid continuous (18) or interrupted (1); labial posterolophid absent (17) or small (2).</p> <p>m2—labial anterolophid present; metalophulid absent (1), anterior complete (38), or connected to the anteroconid (2); protoconid hind arm absent (6), short free (6), transverse and low connected to the metaconid (20), transverse and high connected to the metaconid (2), medium-length and free (5), bent and low connected to the metaconid (2), or bent and high connected to the metaconid (1); ectolophid longitudinal (13) or oblique (29); ectolophid complete (41) or anteriorly interrupted (1); mesoconid absent (32) or weak (8); mesosinusid open (37) or closed (4); mesolophid reaching the border of the molar (37) or ends in a mesostylid (5); ectomesolophid absent; hypolophulid anterior transverse (41) or transverse (1); hypoconid hind arm absent (39) or short (2); posterolophid continuous; labial posterolophid absent (29), small (7), or strong (2).</p> <p>m3—lingual anterolophid absent (2), short (2), or long (39); labial anterolophid long; metalophulid absent (5), connected to the anteroconid (8), to anterolophulid (23), to protoconid (4), or double (3); protoconid hind arm absent (28), short free (5), transverse and low connected to the metaconid (9), or long and ending free (1); sinusid open; sinusid narrow transverse (7), broad transverse (1), narrow backwards (32), or broad backwards (3); mesosinusid open (13) or closed (29); mesolophid absent (2), short (1), of medium length (5), long (22), reaching the border of the molar (11), or ends in a mesostylid (2); ectomesolophid absent; entoconid absent (13), small (24), or large (4); hypolophulid anterior oblique (7) or anterior transverse (35); hypoconid hind arm absent; posterosinusid open (4), half closed (17), or closed (21); shape short triangle (11), long triangle (7), or trapezoid (23); in four specimens there is a longitudinal connection metaconid-mesoconid.</p> <p>M1—anterocone absent (46) or present (4); anterostyle absent (43) or present (5); anterolophule continuous; antecingulum absent (44) or present (10); protolophule double (1) or posterior (53); sinus open</p> <p>(51), half closed (1), or there is an entostyle (1);</p> <p>sinus strong forward (3), forward (50), or transverse</p> <p>(1); mesosinus open; mesoloph reaching the border of the molar (52) or connected to a mesostyle (1);</p> <p>entomesoloph absent (52) or short (2); metalophule anterior (6) or transverse (48); posterosinus large and open (44), small and open (6), or small and closed (1). M2—lingual anteroloph absent (11), weak (17), or strong</p> <p>(11); protolophule anterior (10), anterior plus incomplete posterior connection (16), transverse (2), or double (15); sinus open (41) or there is an entostyle</p> <p>(2); sinus strong forward (6) or forward (37); mesosinus open (40) or closed (1); mesoloph reaching the border of the molar, no mesostyle. Entoloph-protocone connection high (6), low (23), or interrupted</p> <p>(13); metalophule anterior (27) or transverse (15);</p> <p>posterosinus large and open. M3—lingual anteroloph absent (25) or weak (9); protocone is a distinct cusp (17) or a mere crest (17); protolophule absent (2), to anterocone (9), to anterolophule (14), transverse to axioloph (8), or double (1); sinus absent (15), very small (8), small</p> <p>(5), or deep (7); neo-entoloph absent (2), interrupted</p> <p>(5), low (4), or high (24); mesosinus open (30) or closed (3); mesoloph reaching the border of the molar (26) or connected to a mesostyle (7); old entoloph absent (10), curved spur (1), or complete</p> <p>(24); axioloph absent (2), short posterior spur (1),</p> <p>long posterior spur (7), or = old entoloph (25); centroloph absent; centrocone absent (31), present (1),</p> <p>or on old entoloph (2); metacone absent (18) or present (16); posterosinus open (3) or closed (32).</p> <p>Plesiosminthus margaritae n. sp. differs from P. moniqueae n. sp. by: the better developed posterior protolophule in M2, the general absence of anterocone and anterostyle in M1 and of the mesostyle in M1 and M2; the frequent absence of a protoconid hind arm in m3. Plesiosminthus margaritae n. sp. differs from P. bavaricus by: on average shorter molars; protoconid hind arm of m1 bent in less than half the cases (41% vs. 91%); the rare presence of an ectostylid/cingulum in m1; the on average shorter mesolophid in m3; the more frequently complete posterior protolophule in M2, the less frequently interrupted entoloph-protocone connection in M2 (31% vs. 100%). N.B. The two smallest M2 from MIR1 (RGM 558261 0.91 mm x 0.84 mm; RGM 558264 0.87 mm x 0.85 mm) may belong to a different species. The distribution in Figure 4 appears to be discontinuous.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A2BA4EDF4FFF8DFC17DD96FC524032	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Freudenthal, Matthijs;Martín-Suárez, Elvira	Freudenthal, Matthijs, Martín-Suárez, Elvira (2017): A revision of European Plesiosminthus (Rodentia, Dipodidae), and new material from the upper Oligocene of Teruel (Spain). Palaeontologia Electronica 9 (1): 1-25, DOI: 10.26879/678, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26879/678
03A2BA4EDF42FF83FEBDD9A1FE544210.text	03A2BA4EDF42FF83FEBDD9A1FE544210.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Plesiosminthus margaritae Freudenthal & Martín-Suárez 2017	<div><p>Plesiosminthus cf. margaritae n. sp.</p> <p>Locality. Vivel del Río 1, MP28, Spain.</p> <p>Material. Collection Naturalis-Leiden: 40 m 1, RGM</p> <p>558308–558347; 31 m 2, RGM 558348–558378; 38</p> <p>m3, RGM 558379–558416; 7 P4, RGM 558525–</p> <p>558531; 40 M1, RGM 558417–558456; 47 M2,</p> <p>RGM 558457–558503; 21 M3, RGM 558504–</p> <p>558524. Collection Zaragoza: 10 m 1, VIV 514–</p> <p>523; 23 m 2, VIV 524–546; 3 m 3, VIV 547–549; 31</p> <p>M1, VIV 550–580; 29 M2, VIV 581–609; 10 M3,</p> <p>VIV 610–619.</p> <p>Measurements. Appendix 1, Figure 5.</p> <p>Description. Number of specimens in brackets.</p> <p>m1—anteroconid absent (3), small (33), or with cingulum (7); anterolophulid absent (42) or present (2); metalophulid absent; protoconid hind arm absent (1), transverse and low connected to the metaconid (8), transverse and high connected to the metaconid (20), bent and low connected to the metaconid (6), or bent and high connected to the metaconid (9); ectolophid longitudinal (3) or oblique (46); ectolophid complete (32) or anteriorly interrupted (17); mesoconid absent (12), weak (25), or strong (11); mesosinusid open (44) or closed (5); mesolophid reaching the border of the molar (37) or ending in a mesostylid (13), ectomesolophid absent; hypolophulid anterior oblique (1), anterior transverse (41), or transverse (7), hypoconid hind arm absent (45) or short (1); posterolophid continuous (36) or low connected (4); labial posterolophid absent (27), small (7), or strong (14); in five specimens there is a longitudinal connection metaconid-mesoconid; seven specimens have hypoconulid.</p> <p>m2—labial anterolophid present; metalophulid anterior interrupted (2), anterior complete (40), or connected to the anteroconid (10); protoconid hind arm absent (27), short free (8), transverse and low connected to the metaconid (14), transverse and high connected to the metaconid (1), or bent and low connected to the metaconid (1); ectolophid longitudinal (20), oblique (29), or curved (3); ectolophid complete (51) or anteriorly interrupted (1); mesoconid absent (41), weak (8), or strong (1); mesosinusid open (46) or closed (6); mesolophid long (2), reaching the border of the molar (46), or ending in a mesostylid (4); ectomesolophid absent (51) or weak (1); hypolophulid anterior oblique (1) or anterior transverse (51); hypoconid hind arm absent; posterolophid continuous; labial posterolophid absent (42), small (5), or strong (4); in five specimens there is a longitudinal connection metaconid-mesoconid; one specimen has a hypoconulid.</p> <p>m3 — lingual anterolophid absent (1), short (2), or long (37); labial anterolophid long; metalophulid absent (1), anterior interrupted (3), connected to the anteroconid (3) or to anterolophulid (32); protoconid hind arm absent (37) or transverse and low connected to the metaconid (2); sinusid open; sinusid narrow backwards (3) or broad backwards (36); mesosinusid open (4) or closed (34); mesolophid of medium length (12), long (21), or reaching the bor- der of the molar (6); ectomesolophid absent; entoconid absent (10), small (17), or large (8); hypolophulid anterior oblique (1), anterior transverse (33), or transverse (1); hypoconid hind arm absent; posterosinusid open (2), half closed (2), or closed (33); shape short triangle (10), long triangle (17), or trapezoid (12); in two specimens there is a longitudinal connection hypolophulid-mesoconid.</p> <p>M1 — anterocone absent (59) or present (9); anterostyle absent; anterolophule continuous; antecingulum absent (40) or present (29); protolophule transverse (1), double (1), posterior interrupted (1), or posterior (68); sinus open (68), closed (1), or there is an entostyle (1); sinus forward (70) or transverse (1); mesosinus open (70) or closed (1); mesoloph of medium length (1), reaching the border of the molar (61), or connected to a mesostyle (9); entomesoloph absent (70) or short (1); metalophule anterior (31), transverse (39), or curved backward (1); posterosinus large and open (67) or large and closed (1).</p> <p>M2 — lingual anteroloph absent (21), weak (41), or strong (9); protolophule anterior (27), anterior plus incomplete posterior connection (3), transverse (12), or double (27); sinus open (71) or there is an entostyle (2); sinus strong forward (9) or forward (64); mesosinus open (67) or closed (6); mesoloph reaching the border of the molar (71) or connected to a mesostyle (3); entoloph-protocone connection high (2), low (32), or interrupted (34); metalophule anterior (35) or transverse (36); posterosinus large and open (59) or large and closed (11).</p> <p>M3 — lingual anteroloph absent (20), weak (3), or strong (2); protocone a distinct cusp (18) or a mere crest (8); protolophule to anterocone (11), to anterolophule (18), or transverse to axioloph (1); sinus absent (2), very small (2), small (15), or deep (10); neo-entoloph absent (3), interrupted (9), low (6), or high (8); mesosinus open (23) or closed (6); mesoloph reaching the border of the molar (26) or connected to a mesostyle (4); old entoloph absent (12), curved spur (1), long spur (1), or complete (16); axioloph absent (2), short posterior spur (2), long posterior spur (8), complete (1), or = old entoloph (17); centroloph absent; centrocone absent (29) or on old entoloph (1); metacone absent (17) or present (12); posterosinus open (8) or closed (21).</p> <p>N.B. Hugueney et al. (1987) mentioned P. promyarion from VIV1, but did not describe it. We provisionally call it P. cf. margaritae n. sp. in order to avoid creating yet another species, but there are important differences with the type material:</p> <p>whereas the MV value of m2 is higher in VIV1</p> <p>(0.610 vs. 0.270), the value for M2 is lower (0.410</p> <p>vs. 0.535) than in P. margaritae n. sp. from the type locality. Other differences are: The pcdha of m3 is nearly always absent in VIV1; the sinusid of m3 is wider in VIV1; the antecingulum of M1 is more frequent in VIV1; the neo-entoloph of M3 is less developed in VIV1.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A2BA4EDF42FF83FEBDD9A1FE544210	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Freudenthal, Matthijs;Martín-Suárez, Elvira	Freudenthal, Matthijs, Martín-Suárez, Elvira (2017): A revision of European Plesiosminthus (Rodentia, Dipodidae), and new material from the upper Oligocene of Teruel (Spain). Palaeontologia Electronica 9 (1): 1-25, DOI: 10.26879/678, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26879/678
03A2BA4EDF43FF83FF5AD866FCFC410B.text	03A2BA4EDF43FF83FF5AD866FCFC410B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Plesiosminthus conjunctus Ziegler 1994	<div><p>Plesiosminthus conjunctus Ziegler, 1994</p> <p>Type locality. Herrlingen 8, MP28, Germany.</p> <p>Holotype. Mandible with m1–m3, Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, SMNS 45661.</p> <p>Material and measurements. Appendix 1.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Translated from Ziegler (1994); Plesiosminthus of medium size. Protoconid hind arm of m2 predominantly connected to the metaconid.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A2BA4EDF43FF83FF5AD866FCFC410B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Freudenthal, Matthijs;Martín-Suárez, Elvira	Freudenthal, Matthijs, Martín-Suárez, Elvira (2017): A revision of European Plesiosminthus (Rodentia, Dipodidae), and new material from the upper Oligocene of Teruel (Spain). Palaeontologia Electronica 9 (1): 1-25, DOI: 10.26879/678, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26879/678
03A2BA4EDF43FF80FF4CDB51FB5F421A.text	03A2BA4EDF43FF80FF4CDB51FB5F421A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Plesiosminthus conjunctus Ziegler 1994	<div><p>Plesiosminthus aff. conjunctus Ziegler, 1994</p> <p>Locality. Mirambueno 2A, MP27, Spain.</p> <p>Material. Collection Naturalis-Leiden: 16 m 1, RGM 558532–558547; 14 m 2, RGM 558548–558561; 15 m 3, RGM 558562–558567, 558569–558577; 2 P4, RGM 558632–558633; 27 M1, RGM 558578– 558604; 19 M2, RGM 558605–558623; 8 M3, RGM 558624–558631. Collection Zaragoza: 3 m 1,</p> <p>MIR2A 82–84; 5 m 2, MIR2A 85–89; 5 m 3, MIR2A</p> <p>90–94; 6 M1, MIR2A 95–100; 9 M2, MIR2A 101–</p> <p>109; 8 M3, MIR2A 111–118.</p> <p>Measurements. Appendix 1, Figure 6.</p> <p>Description. Number of specimens in brackets.</p> <p>m1—anteroconid absent (1), small (15), or with cingulum (2); anterolophulid absent (17) or present (1); metalophulid absent; protoconid hind arm transverse and high connected to the metaconid (18) or bent and high connected to the metaconid (1); ectolophid oblique; ectolophid complete (13), anteriorly interrupted (4), posteriorly interrupted (1), or isolated (1); mesoconid absent (9), weak (8), or strong (1); mesosinusid open (18) or closed (1); mesolophid reaches the border of the molar (11) or ends in a mesostylid (8); ectomesolophid absent; hypolophulid anterior oblique (1), anterior transverse (17), or transverse (1); hypoconid hind arm absent (15) or short (1); posterolophid continuous (14) or low connected (2); labial posterolophid absent (15) or small (2); in one specimen, there is a longitudinal connection metaconid-mesoconid.</p> <p>m2—labial anterolophid present; metalophulid anterior complete (14) or connected to the anteroconid (4); protoconid hind arm absent (3), transverse and low connected to the metaconid (14), or bent and low connected to the metaconid (1); ectolophid longitudinal (11) or oblique (7); ectolophid complete (17) or anteriorly interrupted (1); mesoconid absent (12), weak (4), or strong (2); mesosinusid open (13) or closed (4); mesolophid reaches the border of the molar (16) or ends in a mesostylid (1); ectomesolophid absent (17) or weak (1); hypolophulid anterior oblique (2) or anterior transverse (16); hypoconid hind arm absent; posterolophid continuous (14) or low connected (1); labial posterolophid absent (12) or small (4); In one specimen, there is a longitudinal connection metaconid-mesoconid.</p> <p>m3—lingual anterolophid long; labial anterolophid long; metalophulid absent (1), connected to the anteroconid (12), to anterolophulid (5), or to protoconid (2); protoconid hind arm absent (13), short and free (3), transverse and low connected to the metaconid (3), or long and ending free (1); sinusid open; sinusid narrow backwards (4) or broad backwards (16); mesosinusid open (3) or closed (16); mesolophid absent (1), of medium length (2), long (10), or reaching the border of the molar (6); ectomesolophid absent; entoconid absent (11), small (4), or large (2); hypolophulid anterior oblique (3) or anterior transverse (15); hypoconid hind arm absent; posterosinusid half closed (1) or closed (18); shape short triangle (5), long triangle (6), or trapezoid (8); in four specimens there is a longitudinal connection metaconid-mesoconid.</p> <p>M1—anterocone absent; anterostyle absent; anterolophule continuous (31) or interrupted (1); antecingulum absent (11) or present (20); protolophule posterior plus a trace of an anterior connection (1) or posterior (32); sinus open (30) or there is an entostyle (2); sinus forward; mesosinus open; mesoloph reaching the border of the molar; entomesoloph absent; metalophule anterior (15) or transverse (18); posterosinus large and open (28), large and closed (1), or small and open (1).</p> <p>M2—lingual anteroloph absent (10), weak (7), or strong (9); protolophule anterior (1), anterior plus incomplete posterior connection (2), transverse (4), or double (20); sinus open (27) or there is an entostyle (1); sinus strong forward (1) or forward (27); mesosinus open (15) or closed (10); mesoloph of medium length (1) or reaching the border of the molar (25), no mesostyle; entoloph-protocone connection high (3), low (17), or interrupted (5); metalophule anterior (13) or transverse (11);posterosinus large and open (17) or large closed (7).</p> <p>M3—lingual anteroloph absent (14) or weak (1); protocone a distinct cusp (8) or a mere crest (7); protolophule to anterolophule; sinus absent (3), very small (6), small (4), or deep (2); neo-entoloph absent (2), low (2), or high (10); mesosinus open (6) or closed (9); mesoloph reaches the border of the molar (14) or connected to a mesostyle (2); old entoloph absent (9), curved spur (1), or complete (6); axioloph absent (2), short posterior spur (1), long posterior spur (6), complete (1), or = old entoloph (6); centroloph absent; centrocone absent (15) or isolated (1); metacone absent (5) or present (9); posterosinus open (1) or closed (12).</p> <p>Plesiosminthus conjunctus from Herrlingen 8</p> <p>is characterized by the primitive state of the pcdha of m2 (82% complete, never absent), combined with an advanced state of the protolophule of M2 (75% double). For an evaluation of "primitive" and "advanced" see the section on morphology values. These values are similar to those found in MIR2A (see Table 3). However, P. conjunctus from HERR8 is clearly larger than P. aff. conjunctus from MIR2A (see Figures 7-12). Other differences are: The protoconid hind arm of m3 is always absent in HERR8, and present, complete, or incomplete, in 35% of the specimens in MIR2A; the mesostylid is better developed in the m1, 2 from HERR8; the entoloph-protocone connection of M2 is more frequently interrupted in HERR8.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A2BA4EDF43FF80FF4CDB51FB5F421A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Freudenthal, Matthijs;Martín-Suárez, Elvira	Freudenthal, Matthijs, Martín-Suárez, Elvira (2017): A revision of European Plesiosminthus (Rodentia, Dipodidae), and new material from the upper Oligocene of Teruel (Spain). Palaeontologia Electronica 9 (1): 1-25, DOI: 10.26879/678, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26879/678
03A2BA4EDF40FF81FC01D860FCB0472D.text	03A2BA4EDF40FF81FC01D860FCB0472D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Plesiosminthus schaubi Viret 1926	<div><p>Plesiosminthus schaubi Viret, 1926</p> <p>Type locality. Coderet, MP30, France.</p> <p>Holotype. Mandibula sin. with m1–m3, nr. 96325, coll. Lyon.</p> <p>Material and measurements. Appendix 1.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Combined from Hugueney (1969) and Hugueney and Vianey-Liaud (1980). Anteroconid of m1 clearly separated from protoconid, generally connected to the metaconid; protoconid hind arm straight or little curved; ectolophid incomplete; no protoconid hind arm in m2; the m3 has a maximum of four lingual crests; P4 with big root and crown of little importance; M3 and m3 with simplified posterior lobe; crown of M1 broad; protolophule posterior in M1, anterior in M2 and M3; M2 with simple anterior protolophule.</p> <p>FREUDENTHAL &amp; MARTÍN-SUÁREZ: EUROPEAN PLESIOSMINTHUS</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A2BA4EDF40FF81FC01D860FCB0472D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Freudenthal, Matthijs;Martín-Suárez, Elvira	Freudenthal, Matthijs, Martín-Suárez, Elvira (2017): A revision of European Plesiosminthus (Rodentia, Dipodidae), and new material from the upper Oligocene of Teruel (Spain). Palaeontologia Electronica 9 (1): 1-25, DOI: 10.26879/678, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26879/678
03A2BA4EDF41FF81FEA4D922FAE343A1.text	03A2BA4EDF41FF81FEA4D922FAE343A1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Plesiosminthus admyarion Comte 2000	<div><p>Plesiosminthus admyarion Comte, 2000</p> <p>Type locality. Thézels, MP30, France.</p> <p>Holotype. m2 dext., Th. 7582, coll. University Poitiers.</p> <p>Material and measurements. See Appendix 1.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Translated from Comte (2000). Dimensions similar to those of the type material of P. schaubi, and sharing a number of morphological features with that species, but the relative proportions of the teeth and several other characters show affinities with P. myarion.</p> <p>According to its author, P. admyarion Comte, 2000 is significantly different from P. schaubi from Coderet in terms of size: its m1, m3, and M3 are significantly longer, its M1, M2, and m2 are significantly shorter. The t-test values reported by Comte are somewhat different from our results (see Table 4) because that author applied the formula for equal variances (Vianey-Liaud, personal commun., 2016), but we confirm the differences are significant at α = 0.05. However, the distributions of the measurements (Figures 7-12) largely overlap and size can hardly serve to distinguish these species.</p> <p>The MV values are very similar: very high values for m2 and the lowest values of all species for M2. Plesiosminthus admyarion and P. schaubi are probably closely related. Among the differences is the more reduced m3 of P. schaubi (maximum four lingual crests). Another difference is found in the anteroconid of m1: isolated (n = 39), connected to the metaconid (30), or to the protoconid (39); in Coderet it is rarely isolated, generally connected to the metaconid, never to the protoconid.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A2BA4EDF41FF81FEA4D922FAE343A1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Freudenthal, Matthijs;Martín-Suárez, Elvira	Freudenthal, Matthijs, Martín-Suárez, Elvira (2017): A revision of European Plesiosminthus (Rodentia, Dipodidae), and new material from the upper Oligocene of Teruel (Spain). Palaeontologia Electronica 9 (1): 1-25, DOI: 10.26879/678, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26879/678
03A2BA4EDF41FF86FC24D837FA5447D5.text	03A2BA4EDF41FF86FC24D837FA5447D5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Plesiosminthus meridionalis Comte 2000	<div><p>Plesiosminthus meridionalis Comte, 2000</p> <p>Type locality. Venelles inf., MP30, France.</p> <p>Holotype. m1 dext., VEL. 420, coll. University Montpellier II.</p> <p>Material and measurements. Appendix 1.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Translated from Comte (2000). Differs from Plesiosminthus schaubi by the shorter mesolophid, not connected to the mesostylid in the lower molars.</p> <p>According to the description by Comte the mesolophid is separated from the mesostylid in 40% of the m1 (n = 20) and 77% of the m2 (n = 26). Plesiosminthus meridionalis, originally described as a subspecies of P. schaubi, and here treated as a species, is characterized by the very high MV values of both m2 and M2 (see Figure 2, Tables 3, 5). In this respect it is the most advanced species, very different from P. schaubi, and a close relationship is not probable.</p> <p>PALAEO- ELECTRONICA.ORG</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A2BA4EDF41FF86FC24D837FA5447D5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Freudenthal, Matthijs;Martín-Suárez, Elvira	Freudenthal, Matthijs, Martín-Suárez, Elvira (2017): A revision of European Plesiosminthus (Rodentia, Dipodidae), and new material from the upper Oligocene of Teruel (Spain). Palaeontologia Electronica 9 (1): 1-25, DOI: 10.26879/678, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26879/678
03A2BA4EDF46FF86FF77D9B7FEEC415B.text	03A2BA4EDF46FF86FF77D9B7FEEC415B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Plesiosminthus moralesi Alvarez Sierra, Daams and Lacomba Andueza 1996	<div><p>Plesiosminthus moralesi Alvarez Sierra, Daams and Lacomba Andueza, 1996</p> <p>Type locality. Sayatón 1, MP29, Spain.</p> <p>Holotype. M1 sin., SAY1 108, Department of Paleontology, Universidad Complutense Madrid.</p> <p>Material and measurements. Appendix 1.</p> <p>Original diagnosis. Small Plesiosminthus species with a well-developed antero-lingual cingulum ridge in M1, 2, with a continuous anteroloph in M 1 in which traces of an anteroconule are absent, and with a relatively short mesolophid in the lower molars.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A2BA4EDF46FF86FF77D9B7FEEC415B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Freudenthal, Matthijs;Martín-Suárez, Elvira	Freudenthal, Matthijs, Martín-Suárez, Elvira (2017): A revision of European Plesiosminthus (Rodentia, Dipodidae), and new material from the upper Oligocene of Teruel (Spain). Palaeontologia Electronica 9 (1): 1-25, DOI: 10.26879/678, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26879/678
03A2BA4EDF46FF86FEADDB21FB4242D6.text	03A2BA4EDF46FF86FEADDB21FB4242D6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Plesiosminthus myarion Schaub 1930	<div><p>Plesiosminthus myarion Schaub, 1930</p> <p>Type locality. Chavroches, MN2, France.</p> <p>Syntypes. Two maxillas and two mandibles figured by Schaub (1930, figures 5-9).</p> <p>Material and measurements. Appendix 1.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Adapted from Schaub (1930). Lamella of the canalis nervi infraorbitalis reaching the anterior border of the foramen foramen infraorbitale; anterior end of the upper toothrow farther away from the jugal arch than in Plesiosminthus schaubi;</p> <p>P4 smaller, with thinner root and clearly set-off crown; M3 and m3 with reduced but complete posterior lobe; M1 narrow, with new (posterior) protolophule; M2 almost as large as M1, with double protolophule, M3 small, with old (anterior) protolophule; anteroconid of m1 connected to the protoconid; ectolophid well developed: protoconid hind arm frequent in m2, rare in m3.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A2BA4EDF46FF86FEADDB21FB4242D6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Freudenthal, Matthijs;Martín-Suárez, Elvira	Freudenthal, Matthijs, Martín-Suárez, Elvira (2017): A revision of European Plesiosminthus (Rodentia, Dipodidae), and new material from the upper Oligocene of Teruel (Spain). Palaeontologia Electronica 9 (1): 1-25, DOI: 10.26879/678, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26879/678
03A2BA4EDF46FF84FCCBD8ACFE80413B.text	03A2BA4EDF46FF84FCCBD8ACFE80413B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Plesiosminthus winistoerferi Engesser 1987	<div><p>Plesiosminthus winistoerferi Engesser, 1987</p> <p>Type locality. Brochene Fluh 53, MP30, Switzerland.</p> <p>Holotype. m2 sin., Br.F. 1, Naturhistorisches Museum Basel.</p> <p>Material and measurements. Appendix 1.</p> <p>Diagnosis. From Engesser (1987). "Very large species of Plesiosminthus with very long and strong posterior arm of protoconid on m2 and m3, double protoloph on M2 and M3, and little reduced m3/M3. m1 always with secondary ridge between metalophid and mesolophid. Entoloph of M2 situated far lingually, ectolophid of m2 and m3 far labially. Connection between protoconid and anterior cingulum of m2 and m3 sometimes interrupted. m2</p> <p>PALAEO- ELECTRONICA.ORG equally wide as m1, but somewhat longer. Upper molars with 3 roots. Upper incisor with longitudinal groove."</p> <p>It is generally assumed (Schaub, 1930; Ziegler and Werner, 1994; Engesser, 1987) that the evolutionary trend of the protoconid hind arm of Plesiosminthus is to lose contact with the metaconid, become shorter, and finally disappear. Apparently, this is not the case in P. winistoerferi, where the pcdha may even reach the molar border, a feature unknown in other species of the genus. It is doubtlessly the largest species known, but the length relation between m2 and m1 may be misleading due to the small number of specimens (see section "Size").</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A2BA4EDF46FF84FCCBD8ACFE80413B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Freudenthal, Matthijs;Martín-Suárez, Elvira	Freudenthal, Matthijs, Martín-Suárez, Elvira (2017): A revision of European Plesiosminthus (Rodentia, Dipodidae), and new material from the upper Oligocene of Teruel (Spain). Palaeontologia Electronica 9 (1): 1-25, DOI: 10.26879/678, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26879/678
