identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03A3881C9026F418FF28AE68FE20FC0E.text	03A3881C9026F418FF28AE68FE20FC0E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Afroagraecia Ingrisch & Hemp 2013	<div><p>Genus Afroagraecia Ingrisch &amp; Hemp, 2013</p><p>http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera .speciesfile.org:TaxonName:94418</p><p>The genus Afroagraecia was erected on Agraecia sansibara (Redtenbacher, 1891) restricted to the island of Zanzibar. It is characterized by a fastigium verticis that is conial and strongly laterally compressed and shorter than the scapus. The scapus is without a spine. The prosternum is bispinose, and the meso- and metasternum are unarmed. The pronotum is rounded, its surface shiny with shallow dots; the anterior margin is rounded while the posterior margin is truncate and slightly elevated in the male; the lateral lobes have a straight ventral margin that is little descending posteriorly; the auditory swelling is small and faint. The tegmina and wings are nearly fully developed or shortened. The fore femora wear on both ventral margins few spines while mid and hind femora have only on externo-ventral margin few spines. The last abdominal tergite of the males is divided into two broad and posteriorly evenly rounded lobes. The male cerci are very stout and elongated, bi- to trispinose with sclerotized tips. On the inner sides of the male cerci one or two processes are present. The titillators consist of two pairs of sclerites. The central pair is simple, sclerotized, curved and near the apex laterally connected to an elongate semistiffened projection with granular surface often pointing in the same direction as the central titillators. The female ovipositor is long and slender and only slightly up-curved.</p><p>Two new species are present occurring along the Kenyan and Tanzania Coast and East Usambara Mountains which are described here.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A3881C9026F418FF28AE68FE20FC0E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hemp, Claudia	Hemp, Claudia (2013): Annotated list of Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera) from the East Usambara Mountains Tanzania and new Tettigoniidae species from East Africa. Zootaxa 3737 (4): 301-350, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3737.4.1
03A3881C9026F418FF28AE21FEF1FED6.text	03A3881C9026F418FF28AE21FEF1FED6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Agraeciini	<div><p>Tribe Agraeciini</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A3881C9026F418FF28AE21FEF1FED6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hemp, Claudia	Hemp, Claudia (2013): Annotated list of Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera) from the East Usambara Mountains Tanzania and new Tettigoniidae species from East Africa. Zootaxa 3737 (4): 301-350, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3737.4.1
03A3881C9026F41AFF28AB36FE53FDD5.text	03A3881C9026F41AFF28AB36FE53FDD5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Afroagraecia pwania Hemp & Ingrisch	<div><p>Afroagraecia pwania Hemp &amp; Ingrisch n. sp. (Fig. 1, Fig. 2 M, N, O)</p><p>http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: orthoptera .speciesfile.org:TaxonName:180000</p><p>Holotype: Male, Tanzania, East Usambara Mountains, near Amani-Sigi, 1500 ft, April 1966, leg. N. D. Jago, B.M. 1966-282.</p><p>Paratypes: Tanzania: 1 female, East Usambara Mountains, Mlingano Ngomeni, February 1952, leg. J. Phipps B.M. 1955-562; 1 male, 1 female, Mhindulo, July 1926, leg. N.C.E. Miller, B. M. 1928-281; 1 male, Segoma Forest Reserve, July 1926, leg. N.C.E. Miller, B.M. 1928-281; 5 males, 3 females, nr Amani-Sigi, 1500 ft, April 1966, leg. N.D. Jago, B.M. 1966-282; 1 male, Sigi, nr. Amani, June 1937, leg. E. Burtt, B.M. 1938-433; 1 male, 1 female, Sigi, July 1965, leg. N.D. Jago, B.M. 1971-25. All collection BMNH.</p><p>Paratypes: 2 males, Pangani coastal forest, January 2000, leg. C Hemp; 1 female, Pangani coast near Coco Beach, September 2011, leg. C. Hemp; 1 male, 4 females, 1 nymph, East Usambara Mountains, Zigi trail, August 2001, November 2002, December 2011. All collection C. Hemp.</p><p>Further specimens examined: Tanzania: 2 males, 3 females, “D.O.Afrika, Amani”, XII.[19] 05 – III. [19]06, Vosseler S.G., ZMHB.</p><p>Description.—Male. General coloration: uniformly light to medium brown with dark median fascia from head over disk of pronotum (Fig. 1), which can be faint in some specimens; face with black triangle as typical for most other species of Afroagraecia (Fig. 2 A, B, D, M). Head and antennae.—Fastigium verticis dark brown, conical, laterally compressed, shorter than scapus, tip acute. Frons shining with few shallowly impressed dots. Ocellus cream to white. Scapus and first antennal segment brown as rest of head, remaining articles reddish brown with irregular dark markings along whole length. Antennae much longer than body. Thorax.— Pronotum with black median fascia widening on metazona (Fig. 1), anterior margin rounded, posterior margin truncate; metazona slightly inflated; lateral lobes rounded, at height of metazona margin incurved. Prosternum bispinose; meso- and metasterna unarmed. Tegmina and wings shortened, reaching almost to tip of abdomen; stridulatory area distinctly projecting. Stridulatory file on underside of left tegmen nearly straight and flat, only at both ends slightly curved, about 1.9 mm long with 187 teeth (n=1) (Fig. 3 B). Legs.— Fore coxa with well developed spine. Fore femora with three (two) stout outer ventral spines, and one or two inner spines; mid femora with four outer spines, unarmed on inner side; hind femora with 5–7 outer and no inner spines; all spines deep shiny black. Abdomen.— Tenth abdominal tergite divided into two rounded lobes. Supra-anal plate narrow, slightly broader at anterior side, then narrowing and constricted in apical half while apex widening again to form bluntly rounded posterior margin; sulcate (Fig. 2 N). Male cerci with very broad base similar to A. sansibara, at midlength abruptly narrowing, with a stout and long blunt tooth at very base and a short blunt tooth at end of widened base; apex terminating into two acute incurved teeth, of which the ventral tooth is longer and carries a minute denticle on dorsal margin before apex (Fig. 3 A). Subgenital plate as in Fig. 2 O and Fig. 3 A, elongate, posterior margin incurved and with two short styli. With two pairs of titillators; outer titillators simple, band-shaped, slightly sinuate with a black hook at tip; inner titillators curved, in apical area with large, semi-sclerotised roughly oval projections that have the inner surface densely covered with clinging hairs, margin with numerous large irregular teeth.</p><p>Female: General coloration as in male. Slightly larger than male. Ovipositor long, slender and slightly upcurved (Fig. 1). Subgenital plate acute triangular.</p><p>Measurements, males (mm) (N = 6). Body length 25–27 (mean: 26). Length of pronotum 7.2–8.2 (mean: 7.5). Length of elytra 14–20 (mean: 17.5). Length of hind femur 13–14 (mean: 13.3).</p><p>Measurements, females (mm) (N =6). Body length 24–29 (mean: 26.3). Length of pronotum 6.5–7.5 (mean: 7.1). Length of elytra 18–21 (mean: 19.3). Length of hind femur 13.5–16 (mean: 15.1). Ovipositor length 13.5–18 (mean: 15.1).</p><p>Diagnosis. A. pwania n. sp. can easily be distinguished from the species A. panteli (Karny, 1907), A. bloyeti (Brogniart, 1897), and A. brachyptera Hemp &amp; Ingrisch, 2013 that have reduced wings while in A. pwania n. sp., A. shimbaensis n. sp. and A. sansibara the tegmina reach to or nearly to the apex of the abdomen. A. pwania n. sp. differs from the latter in the male cerci being longer and carrying in the widened basal half one long and one short inner tooth, while in A. sansibara they are considerably shorter carrying a long tooth and a blunt knob. The supraanal plate is broader compared to its length in A. sansibara while it is much narrowed and elongated in A. pwania n. sp. Females cannot easily be distinguished, both species being of similar size and the length and shape of the ovipositor and the subgenital plate is very similar. For distinguishing A. pwania n. sp. from A. shimbaensis n. sp.</p><p>see diagnosis under A. shimbaensis n. sp. The titillators of Afroagraecia are so far only known for two species. In both species there are two pairs of titillators, the outer pair elongate with apical hook, the inner pair curved and in apical area with large projections that have the inner surface densely covered with clinging hairs. The main differences are that in A. pwania n. sp. those projections are roughly oval with large irregular teeth along the margin while in A. brachyptera they are parallel-sided and bent near the apex and the margin is provided with much smaller, more regular teeth.</p><p>Etymology. From Swahili pwani = coast, since this species occurs on the coast.</p><p>Distribution: Tanzania, East Usambara Mountains, coast between Tanga and Pangani.</p><p>Biology &amp; Ecology: Nightactive species, preys on other insects.</p><p>Habitat: On branches and leaves on bushes and trees in coastal bush and forest as well as lowland forest in the East Usambara Mountains.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A3881C9026F41AFF28AB36FE53FDD5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hemp, Claudia	Hemp, Claudia (2013): Annotated list of Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera) from the East Usambara Mountains Tanzania and new Tettigoniidae species from East Africa. Zootaxa 3737 (4): 301-350, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3737.4.1
03A3881C9024F41BFF28A995FBD7FC90.text	03A3881C9024F41BFF28A995FBD7FC90.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Afroagraecia shimbaensis Hemp	<div><p>Afroagraecia shimbaensis Hemp n. sp. (Fig. 2 C, G, K)</p><p>http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: orthoptera .speciesfile.org:TaxonName:180001</p><p>Holotype, male, Kenya, Shimba Hills, March 1941, V. G. L. van Someren Collection, B.M. 1959-468. Depository: BMNH.</p><p>Paratypes, 2 males, same data as holotype. Depository: BMNH.</p><p>Description.—Male. General coloration uniform light to medium brown with some darker brown mottles on tegmina; with median dark dorsal fascia from head over disk of pronotum, faint in two paratypes specimens; black triangle on face absent (Fig. 2 C). Head and antennae.—Fastigium verticis light brown, acute conical, laterally compressed, shorter than scapus. Frons shining with almost smooth surface. Ocellus cream. Scapus and first antennal segment brown as rest of head, remaining articles reddish brown with irregular dark markings along whole length. Antennae much longer than body, about 7–8 cm. Thorax.— Pronotum with anterior margin rounded, posterior margin truncate, in metazona slightly inflated. Lateral lobes of pronotum rounded, at height of metazona margin incurved. Prosternum bispinose, meso- and metasterna unarmed. Tegmina and wings longer than abdomen, surpassing abdomen by 1/3 of their length. Legs.— Fore coxa with well developed spine. Fore femora with three stout outer ventral spines, and one inner spine; mid femora with three outer spines, unarmed on inner side; hind femora with 4–6 outer spines, no inner spines. All spines deep shiny black. Abdomen.— Tenth abdominal tergite divided into two rounded lobes. Supra-anal plate deeply sulcate, rectangular with slightly expanded posterior margin (Fig. 2 G). Cerci broadened in basal half with dorsal margin running into an acute downcurved tooth at point of constriction; apical area compressed, terminating into two acute twisted teeth (Fig. 2 G). Subgenital plate as in Fig. 2 K, elongate, posterior margin angularly excised and with two short styli.</p><p>Female: unknown.</p><p>Measurements, males (mm) (N = 3). Body length 24–25. Length of pronotum 7.0–7.5. Length of elytra 22–24. Length of hind femur 14–15.</p><p>Diagnosis.— A. shimbaensis n. sp. has very long elytra that surpass the abdominal apex while all other species have shorter wings. The black fascia on head and pronotum is less conspicuous than in other species and the triangle-shaped black fasica on the face missing. The supra-anal plate is deeply sulcate and thus seems to be folded into two parts while other Afroagraecia species have a less sulcate supra-anal plate and of different shape. The apical cercal teeth are very stout and twisted and very characteristic for this species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A3881C9024F41BFF28A995FBD7FC90	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hemp, Claudia	Hemp, Claudia (2013): Annotated list of Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera) from the East Usambara Mountains Tanzania and new Tettigoniidae species from East Africa. Zootaxa 3737 (4): 301-350, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3737.4.1
03A3881C9025F41BFF28AC90FA8BF87A.text	03A3881C9025F41BFF28AC90FA8BF87A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Afroanthracites Hemp & Ingrisch 2013	<div><p>Genus Afroanthracites Hemp &amp; Ingrisch, 2013</p><p>http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera .speciesfile.org:TaxonName:94415</p><p>The genus Afroanthracites was erected on Anthracites montium Sjöstedt from Mt Kilimanjaro by Hemp &amp; Ingrisch (Hemp 2013a). The genus contains two species, A. montium (Sjöstedt, 1909) from Mts Kilimanjaro and Meru and A. usambaricus (Sjöstedt, 1913) occurring in the West Usambara Mountains. Here another four species are described as new, occurring in the West and East Usambara and Uluguru Mountains of Tanzania.</p><p>The genus Afroanthracites is characterized by a short fastigium verticis that is conical, slightly laterally compressed and shorter than the scapus. The frons is broad and has a shiny surface. The pronotum is rugose, rounded, and the posterior part in area of metazona is slightly inflated. The males of all species are micropterous, with reduced tegmina which are short rounded lobes completely covered by the pronotum. The tenth abdominal tergite in males is shield-like and broad with an evenly curved posterior margin or broad at its base and posteriorly elongated and curved downwards. The posterior margin is rounded or differentiated into lobes. The male cerci are fully hidden under the tenth abdominal tergite.</p><p>The basic shape of the titillators is simple (Fig. 8 B, D, F, H, J, L), subhyalinous with huge and specifically modified apical expansions. The most basic shape so far known is in A. discolor n. sp., in which the apical expansion is rather short and about hand-shaped with four acute teeth, of which one (in situ the ventral) tooth is more spaced from the other three (Fig. 8 B). In A. montium (Fig. 8 D) and A. usambaricus (Fig. 8 F) there is a single large hood-shaped acute process at the tip and a wide and long projection that might be homologous to the spaced tooth in A. discolor n. sp. In A. viridis n. sp. (Fig. 8 H) the apical process is short and blunt while the ventral projection is extremely prolonged, band-shaped, sinuate and with little modified tip. There are also large basolateral sclerites and less conspicuous simple dorso-apical sclerites.</p><p>The titillators of A. usambaricus (Fig. 8 F) are nearly identical to those of A. montium (Fig. 8 D) except for the apical hood-shaped process being wider. As also the male cerci are very similar (Fig. 8 C, E), a very close relationship between both taxa can be supposed. Apart from the differences in the shape of the tenth abdominal tergite, both taxa also differ in the number and densitiy of the stridulatory teeth on the underside of the left tegmen, which are much denser in A. usambaricus (248±8 teeth at 2.6 mm) than in A. montium (155±2 teeth at 2.6 mm) (Fig. 10 B, C). That supports the recognition of two distinct species.</p><p>The females are similar to the males, with a long and stout ovipositor that is moderately up-curved.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A3881C9025F41BFF28AC90FA8BF87A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hemp, Claudia	Hemp, Claudia (2013): Annotated list of Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera) from the East Usambara Mountains Tanzania and new Tettigoniidae species from East Africa. Zootaxa 3737 (4): 301-350, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3737.4.1
03A3881C902AF417FF28A9BEFC3BFD65.text	03A3881C902AF417FF28A9BEFC3BFD65.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Afroanthracites discolor Hemp, Ingrisch & Unal	<div><p>Afroanthracites discolor Hemp, Ingrisch &amp; Ünal n. sp. (Fig. 4, Fig. 7 I–L, Fig. 8 A, B, Fig. 9, Fig. 10 A)</p><p>http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: orthoptera .speciesfile.org:TaxonName:180002</p><p>Holotype male, Tanzania, West Usambara Mountains, Mt. Kwagoroto, 1800 m, Mazumbai forest reserve, March 2003. Depository: ZMHB.</p><p>Paratypes.— 1 female, same data as holotype, depository: ZMHB. 1 male, 1 female, same data as holotype, depository: BMNH; 1 male, 1 female, same data as holotype: depository: NMKE.</p><p>Futher paratype material: 7 males, 2 females, same data as holotype; 2 males, 1 female, Mazumbai forest reserve, 1500 m, near Old Swiss Chalet, January 2007. All collection C. Hemp.</p><p>Description.—Male. General colour a mix of green, black, hazelnut and dark brown colours with white to cream fasciae. This pattern is very conspicuous in the living insect (Fig. 4) but fades to more brown and tawny colour in the preserved insect. Head and antennae.—Fastigium verticis conical, shorter than scapus; dorsal side brown as vertex, ventral side cream to white, contrasting with black triangle-shaped fascia on face; labrum and genae creamy (Fig. 7 I). Antennae long, more than twice as long as body, red-brown to dark brown (Fig. 4). Thorax.— Pronotum shiny with many shallow dots; first sulcus well developed, although short and strongly curved, vanishing on lateral lobes; second sulcus hardly discernible on disk, shallow on lateral lobes; disc hazelnut brown to dark brown bordered by broad white fasciae at anterior margin and around metazona, replaced by vivid green parallel lines on meso- and prozona (Fig. 4 A, C, E); lateral lobes (Fig. 4 B) hazelnut brown with broad vivid green margin and a yellowish spot at ventral hind angle. Tegmina for most of their length hidden under pronotum, posterior margin visible; reduced to stridulatory area and a short apical flap; stridulatory area strongly elevated and ventral margins curved to fit the shape of the body; stridulatory vein on left tegmen dark brown and strongly bulging on dorsal side, on right tegmen weak with stridulatory teeth shining through the surface; both tegmina with a large central and an elongate lateral mirror; all transparent; stridulatory vein on underside of left tegmen strongly curved, about 3.6 mm long (direct line between both ends), with 159 narrow, densely arranged teeth plus 7 separate teeth at lateral end (n=1). Legs.— Fore and mid femora with 2 outer ventral spines, unarmed on inner sides. Fore and mid tibiae with ventral 5 spines on each margin. Hind tibiae faintly swollen in basal half and on ventral side only in apical area angled, dorsal margins and angled area of ventral margins provided with numerous small spinules. Abdomen.— Abdomen with conspicuous green and brown pattern (Fig. 4 D). Tenth abdominal tergite black in anterior half, whitish to light brown in down-curved apical half, medially divided by a deep sulcus in pale coloured area, posterior margin straight, lateral margins rounded and bulging (Fig. 7 J, K). Cerci in situ hidden under 10th abdominal tergite, forming a short cone with acute tips (Fig. 8 A, Fig. 9); with large dorso-ventrally compressed internal process divided about mid-length into a blunt proximal and a little longer curved acute distal branch. Subgenital plate elongated, divided into two lobes with well developed styli, posterior area slightly upcurved (Fig. 7 L). Titillators curved, in apical area with roughly hand-shaped projection with four acute teeth, of which the in situ ventral tooth is more spaced from the other three teeth; with large, roughly triangular sphaerical, baso-lateral sclerites and a pair of simple triangular dorso-apical sclerites (Fig. 8 B).</p><p>Female.—General habitus and colour pattern as male with long and stout ovipositor, moderately up-curved. Last abdominal tergite medially v-shaped incised, margins of incision forming two short processes with acute tips (Fig. 11). Cerci of normal shape, conical (Fig. 11). Subgenital plate broad, medially incised at posterior margin (Fig. 11).</p><p>Measurements, males (mm) (N = 4). Body length 22–22.5. Length of pronotum 9.4–9.6. Length of hind femur 11.0–11.7.</p><p>Measurements, females (mm) (N = 2). Body length 22.5–23. Length of pronotum 6–6.7. Length of hind femur 12. Length of ovipositor 10.5–11.5.</p><p>Diagnosis.—Easily distinguished from all other known Afroanthracites species by its colour pattern and the structure of the male tenth abdominal tergite, cerci, subgenital plate and titillators. A. viridis n. sp. is vivid green with a pronotal pattern of a brown large patch and white fascia and a yellow tenth abdominal tergite, all other Afroanthracites species show a more mottled colour pattern of brown and green colours and a dark large patch on the metazona of the pronotal disk. The tenth abdominal tergite of male A. discolor n. sp. is divided into two parts medially, the rear part being downcurved. All other Afroanthracites species have undivided 10th abdominal tergites.</p><p>The females are similar to the males in their colour pattern. The ovipositor of all Afroanthracites as far as they are known is stout and slightly up-curved (Fig. 6). The subgenital plates of A. viridis n. sp., A. usambaricus n. sp., A. montium and A. discolor n. sp. are similar, being broad and posteriorly more or less deeply incurved where they are attached to the ovipositor (Fig. 11, A. montium not depicted but very similar to A. usambaricus). In the female of A. jagoi n. sp. the subgenital plate is also broadly incurved medially but the lateral edges are elongated and pointed (Fig. 11), clearly differentiating the females of this species from other Afroanthracites species. The posterior margin of the 10th abdominal tergite is straight in A. viridis n. sp. (Fig. 11) while in other species the posterior margin is weakly to strongly medially v-shaped incised with the lateral edges being widely ajar or closely together. Thus A. discolor n. sp. has a deep median incision with the lateral edges of the incision elongated with pointed tips (Fig. 11), while the incision in A. usambaricus females is broadly v-shaped and not very deep with rounded lateral edges and in A. jagoi n. sp. females the posterior margin appears somewhat elongated medially with a tiny incision at its tip (all Fig. 11). The posterior margins of female A. usambaricus and A. montium are similar. In A. usambaricus the posterior margin is v-shaped incised with rounded edges (Fig. 11) while in A. montium the incision is shallow and broad with tips wider ajar. Also the cerci of females differ in its shape, being of “normal” shape in A. discolor n. sp., A. usambaricus and A. montium, roundly inflated at the base in A. viridis n. sp. and stout and thick over almost the whole length in A. jagoi n. sp. (Fig. 11). The female of A. uluguruensis n. sp. is not known.</p><p>Except for A. discolor n. sp., A. usambaricus and A. jagoi n. sp. in the West Usambara Mountains there is no area with syntopic occurring Afroanthracites species. A. usambaricus resembles in its color pattern and the male and female genitalia and last abdominal tergites A. montium from the Mts Kilimanjaro/Meru area suggesting a close relationship between these two species.</p><p>Distribution: Tanzania; West Usambara Mountains.</p><p>Song: (Long) series of syllables, mostly in the ultrasonic range.</p><p>Ecology &amp; Biology: Night active species. Males cling to branches inside of bushes performing their song at night.</p><p>Habitat: Submontane plantations, montane forest and forest edge.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A3881C902AF417FF28A9BEFC3BFD65	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hemp, Claudia	Hemp, Claudia (2013): Annotated list of Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera) from the East Usambara Mountains Tanzania and new Tettigoniidae species from East Africa. Zootaxa 3737 (4): 301-350, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3737.4.1
03A3881C9029F411FF28A821FCA9FBE3.text	03A3881C9029F411FF28A821FCA9FBE3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Afroanthracites uluguruensis Hemp & Unal	<div><p>Afroanthracites uluguruensis Hemp &amp; Ünal n. sp. (Fig. 7 E–H, Fig. 8 I, J)</p><p>http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: orthoptera .speciesfile.org:TaxonName:180003</p><p>Holotype, male, Uluguru Mountains. Depository: BMNH. The holotype is unique.</p><p>Description.—male. General colour mixed green and brown to black, a large black patch on rear part of prontal disk. Head and antennae.—Fastigium verticis acute conical, only slightly compressed, shorter than scapus. Face uniformly green. Antennae long, more than twice the length of body. Scapus and 2nd (= pedicellus) antennal segment green, following segments long and thin, of dark colour till approximately segment 5–6, remaining segments pale. Thorax.— Pronotum rugose, rounded, posterior area (in metazona) slightly inflated. Tegmina completely hidden under pronotum. Legs.— Fore femur with 3 inner, mid femur with 3 outer spines. Hind femur with 5 outer short ventral spines. Hind tibia with 4 apical spurs ventrally. Abdomen.— Tenth abdominal tergite at posterior margin incised, forming two broadly rounded lobes (Fig. 7 F). Subgenital plate elongated, posteriorly upcurved and little incised medially; styli short (Fig. 7 G, H). Tittilators with narrow acute tip and broad projection (Fig. 8 J) other details not visible as preparation has not been cleaned.</p><p>Female.—Unknown.</p><p>Measurements, male (mm) (N = 1). Body length 22. Length of pronotum 7.5. Length of hind femur 11.</p><p>Diagnosis.— A. uluguruensis n. sp. is morphologically related to A. montium and A. usambaricus with which it shares similar colouration and structure of the male abdominal apex. A. viridis n. sp. and A. discolor n. sp. have a morphological completely different 10th abdominal tergite, being shield-like in A. viridis n. sp. (Fig. 7 B) and medially divided into two parts in A. discolor n. sp. (Fig. 7 J) while A. uluguruenis n. sp. has the 10th abdominal tergite medially incurved so that the posterior margin is divided into two rounded lobes (Fig. 7 F). A. viridis n. sp. is vivid green with a conspicuous pronotal colour pattern and a yellow 10th abdominal tergite (Fig. 5, 6), while A. discolor n. sp. has a contrasting pattern of hazelnut brown, cream and green colours (Fig. 4). A montium has a male 10th abdominal tergite that is elongate and incised medially at the posterior margin (Fig. 7 N) but much narrower than in A. uluguruensis n. sp. which has a broad posterior margin. In A usambaricus the tenth abdominal tergite is not incised at all but has a narrow and blunt posterior end (Fig. 7 R). A. jagoi n. sp. has an elongated, very narrow 10th tergite with medially incised posterior margin (Fig. 7 V).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A3881C9029F411FF28A821FCA9FBE3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hemp, Claudia	Hemp, Claudia (2013): Annotated list of Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera) from the East Usambara Mountains Tanzania and new Tettigoniidae species from East Africa. Zootaxa 3737 (4): 301-350, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3737.4.1
03A3881C902FF40DFF28ABADFBEEF86C.text	03A3881C902FF40DFF28ABADFBEEF86C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Afroanthracites viridis Hemp, Ingrisch & Unal	<div><p>Afroanthracites viridis Hemp, Ingrisch &amp; Ünal n. sp. (Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7 A–D, Fig. 8 H, Fig. 9, Fig. 10 D)</p><p>http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: orthoptera .speciesfile.org:TaxonName:180004</p><p>Holotype male, Tanzania, East Usambara Mountains, Zigi Trail, 450 m, on herb at night, December 2011. Depository: ZMHB.</p><p>Paratypes.— 1 female, same data as holotype, depository: ZMHB.</p><p>Further paratype material: all Tanzania, all East Usambara Mountains. 2 males, 3 females, nr. Amani, Sigi, April 1966, leg. N. Jago; 1 male, 1 female, Amani, December 1966, leg. N. Jago. Depository: all BMNH. 8 males, 11 females, Zigi, same data as holotype and March 1999, December 2001 and March 2012. Depository: all collection C Hemp.</p><p>Description.—Male. General colour pattern of vivid green, with large brown patch bordered by white fascia on the pronotal disk and a bright yellow 10th abdominal tergite. Head and antennae.—Fastigium verticis acute conical, only slightly laterally compressed and shorter than scapus. Face uniformly green. Antennae long, more than twice the length of body. Scapus green with brown anterior margin, pedicellus green, following antennal segments long and thin, blackish till approximately segment 3–4, remaining segments pale (Fig. 5). Thorax.— Pronotum rugose, rounded, posterior area slightly inflated; disk in pro- and mesozona dull orange brown, in metazona bright orangebrown, laterally fringed by white band and pair of thin black fascia in anterior area of metazona (Fig. 5). Tegmina completely hidden under pronotum, reduced to stridulatory area and a short apical flap, wider than long; stridulatory area strongly elevated and ventral margins curved to fit the shape of the body; stridulatory vein on left tegmen dark brown and strongly bulging on dorsal side, on right tegmen weak with stridulatory teeth shining through the surface; both tegmina with a large transparent mirror divided by a single vein; stridulatory vein on underside of left tegmen strongly curved, about 3.0 mm long (direct line between both ends), with 251 narrow, very densely arranged teeth plus 3 separate teeth at lateral end (n=1) (Fig. 10 D). Legs.— Fore and mid femora with 4 outer ventral spines, unarmed or with 1–2 reduced spines on inner side; spines stout with green base and brown tips. Hind femora with 6–7 outer and no inner ventral spines. Fore and mid tibiae armed with 4–6 slender spinules on both ventral margins. Hind tibiae faintly swollen near base with obsolete ventral carinae, more so on inner than on outer side; two dorsal carinae and carinate part of ventral margins armed with numerous spines. Abdomen.— Tenth abdominal tergite shield-like and broad with evenly curved posterior margin, conspicuous yellow with green margin in living insect (Fig. 5, Fig. 7 B). Tergites of abdomen 1–9 green, sternites white. Paraprocts with conical process prolonged at tip into a curved flap. Cerci short-conical with subacute tip, in apical half with a long dorsoventrally compressed process, nearly parallel-sided, at tip with proximal angle rounded, distal angle triangular, little prolonged (Fig. 8 G). Subgenital plate elongated, divided into two posteriorly up-curved lobes with short styli (Fig. 7 D). Titillators in basal area broad band-shaped, subhyalinous, diverging, later parallel-sided with apices conical, black, little granular and carrying a small, compressed hook; subapical with very long, brown, sinuate process with obtuse apex carrying a minute black denticle; with a pair of large baso-lateral sclerites and a pair of simple dorso-apical sclerites (Fig. 8 H).</p><p>Female.—General habitus and colour pattern as male with long and stout ovipositor, moderately up-curved (Fig. 6). Subgenital plate broad, medially incurved at posterior margin (Fig. 11). Posterior margin of last abdominal tergite straight (Fig. 11). Cerci roundish inflated at base and thin and slender in last third (Fig. 11).</p><p>Measurements, males (mm) (N = 4). Body length 22–26. Length of pronotum 8.2–8.6. Length of hind femur 13.5–14.</p><p>Measurements, females (mm) (N = 4). Body length 22–28.5. Length of pronotum 7.0–7.7. Length of hind femur 14–15. Length of ovipositor 10–12.</p><p>Diagnosis.—Easily distinguished from all other Afroanthracites species by its vivid green colouration and the yellow 10th abdominal tergite in both sexes. All other Afroanthracites species are either green without yellow ( A. jagoi n. sp.) or green mixed with a brown 10th abdominal tergite. Morphologically A. viridis n. sp. differs from all other species by the 10th abdominal tergite being broadly rounded (Fig. 7 B, C) while in all other Afroanthracites species it is either more elongated, incised posteriorly and divided into two lobes ( A. uluguruensis n. sp. (Fig. 7 F, G), A. discolor n. sp. (Fig. 7 J, K), A. montium (Fig. 7 N, O), A. jagoi n. sp. (Fig. 7 V, W) or elongated and narrow ( A. usambaricus, Fig. 7 R, S). The male cerci are differentiated into a stout basal part and an elongated flattened apical part (Fig. 8 G). In A. discolor n. sp. the cerci are trispinose bearing three well developed teeth (Fig. 8 A), while in A. montium, A. usambaricus and A. jagoi n. sp. the male cerci have slender apical parts ending in two apices of which the outer apex is longer than the more blunt inner part (Fig. 8 C, E, K) and with two equal long tips in A. uluguruensis n. sp. and an additional spine midway (Fig. 8 I). For diagnosis of female see diagnosis A. discolor n. sp.</p><p>Distribution: Tanzania; East Usambara Mountains.</p><p>Song: (Long) series of syllables, mostly in the ultrasonic range.</p><p>Ecology &amp; Biology: Active at night; forages on other insects but also feeds on plants and fruits.</p><p>Habitat: On branches of bushes and trees and herbaceous vegetation in lowland evergreen and submontane forest.</p><p>Remarks: In Hemp (2002) Afroanthracites usambaricus is erronously listed for the East Usambara Mountains. However, A. usambaricus seems to be restricted to the West Usambara Mountains occurring syntopically with A. discolor n. sp. and A. jagoi n. sp.</p><p>FIGURE 11. Subgenital plates and 10th tergites with left cercus of female Afroanthracites species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A3881C902FF40DFF28ABADFBEEF86C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hemp, Claudia	Hemp, Claudia (2013): Annotated list of Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera) from the East Usambara Mountains Tanzania and new Tettigoniidae species from East Africa. Zootaxa 3737 (4): 301-350, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3737.4.1
03A3881C9030F40EFF28AFB7FC87F9F9.text	03A3881C9030F40EFF28AFB7FC87F9F9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Afroanthracites jagoi Unal & Hemp	<div><p>Afroanthracites jagoi Ünal &amp; Hemp n. sp. (Fig. 7 U–X, Fig. 8 K, L, Fig. 9, Fig. 11)</p><p>http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: orthoptera .speciesfile.org:TaxonName:180005</p><p>Holotype male, Tanzania, West Usambara Mountains, Mazumbai Forest Reserve, June 1967, coll. N.D. Jago. Depository: BMNH.</p><p>Paratypes: 1 female, same data as holotype. Depository: BMNH.</p><p>Description.—Male. General habitus and colour: Body relatively small for the genus. Colour pattern green and milky-brown, no dark spots. Head and antennae.— Fastigium of vertex short, acute, conical, much narrower and shorter than antennal scapus. Face and antenna uniformly green (Fig. 7 U). Thorax.— Pronotum short, cylindrical in prozona; very slightly widened and inflated in metazona. Most part of tegmina hidden under pronotum, but their posterior parts visible in dorsal view. Pronotum without dark patch on metazona. Prosternum with two U-shaped spines. Legs.— Fore femur with 3 inner, mid femur with 3 outer and hind femur with 4 outer short ventral spines. Hind tibia with 4 very small apical spurs ventrally. Abdomen.— 10th abdominal tergite long, strongly narrowed towards apex, its posterior margin incised, forming two very narrow lobes (Fig. 7 V, W). Cerci with bidentate tips of which outer tip is longer (Fig. 9). Subgenital plate with long apical lobes which are strongly up-curved at an right angle (Fig. 7 X). Styli short. Titillators with acute tip and broad, curved projection (Fig. 8 L). Other details indistinct since preparation has not be cleaned.</p><p>Female.—General habitus as male, body green and milky-brown without any dark marks. Head as in male. Antenna at least twice as long as body. Pronotum short, wider than that of male; almost cylindrical, very slightly widened in metazona; posterior margin almost straight; lateral lobes (paranota) green, dorsal surface milky-brown. No tegmina. Legs as in male. 10th tergite wide and narrow almost triangular, posterior tip with an indistinct, very small notch (Fig. 11). Ovipositor light brown, relatively short, up-curved. Subgenital plate with transversal ridges at basal part; broad at base, distinctly narrowed to apex, posterior margin with a deep, rounded incision, forming two narrow lobes at apex (Fig. 11).</p><p>Measurements, male (mm) (N=1). Body length 22.1. Length of pronotum 7. Length of hind femur 9.7.</p><p>Measurements, female (mm) (N=1). Body length 17.5. Length of pronotum 5.9. Length of hind femur 11.4. Ovipositor 9.4.</p><p>Diagnosis: A. jagoi n. sp. is easily recognized by the shape of the male 10th tergite (strongly elongated, narrowed towards the apex and medially incised, Fig. 7 V), the male pronotum (metazona only a little widened and inflated), the absence of any dark patches or markings on the metazona, and by the female subgenital plate which has pointed apical lobes (Fig.11). A. jagoi n. sp. is morphologically related both to A. montium and A. usambaricus since in all three species males have similar cerci and an elongated 10th tergite. However, differences are seen in the shape of the tenth tergite, being broader in A. montium (Fig. 7 N, Fig. 8 C) and A. uluguruensis (Fig. 7 F), while it is much more elongated in A. jagoi n. sp (Fig. 7 V). A. usambaricus (Fig. 7 R) has an evenly rounded posterior margin of the 10th abdominal tergite, while is broadly incised in A. montium (Fig. 7 N) but very acute and not very deeply in A. jagoi n. sp. (Fig. 7 V). The coloration of A. jagoi n. sp. is similar to A. viridis n. sp., but the pronotum is uniformly green in A. jagoi n. sp. while it has a brown fascia in A. viridis n. sp. Also the 10th abdominal tergite is uniformly green in A. jagoi n. sp. while A. viridis n. sp. has a conspicuous yellow patch on the 10th tergite. For diagnosis of the female see at A. discolor n. sp.</p><p>Distribution: Tanzania; West Usambara Mountains.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A3881C9030F40EFF28AFB7FC87F9F9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hemp, Claudia	Hemp, Claudia (2013): Annotated list of Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera) from the East Usambara Mountains Tanzania and new Tettigoniidae species from East Africa. Zootaxa 3737 (4): 301-350, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3737.4.1
03A3881C9030F40EFF28A9A5FEEEF952.text	03A3881C9030F40EFF28A9A5FEEEF952.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Copiphorini	<div><p>Tribe Copiphorini</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A3881C9030F40EFF28A9A5FEEEF952	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hemp, Claudia	Hemp, Claudia (2013): Annotated list of Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera) from the East Usambara Mountains Tanzania and new Tettigoniidae species from East Africa. Zootaxa 3737 (4): 301-350, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3737.4.1
03A3881C9030F40EFF28A9ECFCC5F855.text	03A3881C9030F40EFF28A9ECFCC5F855.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ruspolia differens (Serville 1839) Serville 1839	<div><p>Ruspolia differens (Serville, 1839)</p><p>http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera .speciesfile.org:TaxonName:15304</p><p>Distribution: Madagascar, Kenya, Uganda, Mauritius (Bailey &amp; McCrae 1978).</p><p>Habitat: Common species in East Africa in all kind of open grassland habitats, road sides and forest edges. Song: Very loud continuous song, produced only at night.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A3881C9030F40EFF28A9ECFCC5F855	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hemp, Claudia	Hemp, Claudia (2013): Annotated list of Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera) from the East Usambara Mountains Tanzania and new Tettigoniidae species from East Africa. Zootaxa 3737 (4): 301-350, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3737.4.1
03A3881C9036F408FF28AFB8FE40FF7F.text	03A3881C9036F408FF28AFB8FE40FF7F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hexacentrinae	<div><p>Subfamily Hexacentrinae</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A3881C9036F408FF28AFB8FE40FF7F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hemp, Claudia	Hemp, Claudia (2013): Annotated list of Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera) from the East Usambara Mountains Tanzania and new Tettigoniidae species from East Africa. Zootaxa 3737 (4): 301-350, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3737.4.1
03A3881C9036F409FF28AFFEFE42FBA7.text	03A3881C9036F409FF28AFFEFE42FBA7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aerotegmina megaloptera Hemp	<div><p>Aerotegmina megaloptera Hemp n. sp. (Fig. 12 A–D)</p><p>http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: orthoptera .speciesfile.org:TaxonName:180006</p><p>Holotype male, Tanzania, coast region Kisarawe district, Kazimzumbwi forest reserve, 39° 03´E 6° 57´S, Jan–Feb 1991, leg. FRONTIER Tanzania, depository ZMUC.</p><p>Paratypes.— 1 male nymph, last instar, same data as holotype, depository ZMUC.</p><p>Description.—Male. Colour probably green, specimens stored in alcohol. Head and antennae.—Antenna in holotype about 1.5 times as long as body length, but probably apical parts broken and thus much longer in life. Of dark colour with irregular annulate markings (Fig. 12 A). Cuticle of head smooth. Fastigium verticis small, strongly laterally compressed, conical with acute tip. Eyes almost circular, prominent. Thorax.— Surface shining and smooth but large rugosities caused by pronotal sulci and up-lifted anterior margin of pronotum. Posterior margin strongly up-lifted (Fig. 12 D). Acoustical chamber large and strongly inflated, closed by flap-like alae ventrally (Fig. 12 C). Stridulatory file transverse, thickened and long, occupying almost whole anterior part of left tegmen (Fig. 12 E). Anterior part of tegmina in the area of stridulatory file vertically raised, then strongly ballon-like rounded. Radius surrounding stridulatory area in large bow, afterwards fan-like divided into many radial side veins. These veins connected by numerous cross veins. Alae much reduced, flap-like, apically pointed, closing the acoustical chamber ventrally (Fig. 12 C). Legs— Fore and mid femora with ventral double row of each four stout spines. Apically with a pair of short spurs. Hind femur with six small outer and three–four small inner spines, distally one spur at each side. Fore and mid tibiae with five pairs of long predatory spines at each side, apically with a pair of spurs. Hind tibiae with four rows of small spines getting denser more distally. With well developed tarsal arolium. Abdomen.— Subgenital plate symmetrical, broad and convex at apical part with smooth and shiny surface, apically divided into two stout lobes (Fig. 12 C). Cerci strongly inflated at base, then narrowing to form slightly curved slender distal part with sclerotized tip (Fig. 12 C).</p><p>Measurements, male (mm) (N=1). Total length of body 16. Length of pronotum 6. Length of hind femur 16.5. Length of tegmina (as seen from above) 24.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Diagnosis.—Easily distinguished from all other described species of Aerotegmina, A. kilimandjarica Hemp, 2001, A. shengenae Hemp, 2006 and A. taitensis Hemp, 2013 by the large size and the extremely ballon-like inflated tegmina (see Fig. 12 A, comparison with A. kilimandjarica). A. megaloptera n. sp. shows a well developed pattern of tegminal veins while in all other Aerotegmina species the main veins are obsolete on the tegmina. The stridulatory file in A. megaloptera n. sp. is large and pronounced and the mirror on the right tegmina obsolete. In all other Aerotegmina species the stridulatory file is smaller and not as conspicuous visible on the left tegmen and on the right tegmen a large mirror is present, oval-round and hyaline. The stridulatory area is not vertically raised in the northerly distributed Aerotegmina species while in A. megaloptera n. sp. this area is almost vertically oriented (Fig. 12 A).</p><p>Distribution: Known only from the type locality near Dar es Salaam on the Tanzanian coast but surely occurs also in other coastal forests along the coast.</p><p>Habitat: Canopy dweller in coastal forest.</p><p>Remarks: The size and shape of A. megaloptera n. sp. suggests a different evolution from the more northernly occurring Aerotegmina species of southern Kenya and northern Tanzania. It changes the picture of the evolutionary processes of this genus. From the northern species having a strikingly different morphology and also occupying a different ecological niche A. megaloptera n. sp. seems to have evolved isolated for a long geological time. A. megaloptera n. sp. is much larger than any other described species of Aerotegmina and it was collected in coastal forest while all other known species are restricted to montainous forests in the submontane and montane zones of mountains and mountain ranges. Morphologically similar is a yet undescribed species from the Udzungwa Mountains of Tanzania having the same large acoustical chamber and general habitus as A. megaloptera n. sp.</p><p>Subfamily Meconematinae</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A3881C9036F409FF28AFFEFE42FBA7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hemp, Claudia	Hemp, Claudia (2013): Annotated list of Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera) from the East Usambara Mountains Tanzania and new Tettigoniidae species from East Africa. Zootaxa 3737 (4): 301-350, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3737.4.1
03A3881C9037F409FF28ABB7FC77F8DF.text	03A3881C9037F409FF28ABB7FC77F8DF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Afrophisis Jin & Kevan 1991	<div><p>Afrophisis Jin &amp; Kevan, 1991</p><p>http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera .speciesfile.org:TaxonName:14471</p><p>The genus Afrophisis was erected by Jin &amp; Kevan (1991) on Teuthras carminator Bolivar (Fig. 14A, C, G). Four species are known of which three are distributed in West Africa and only one species, A. tanzanica, known from East Africa. A single male of A. tanzanica was collected by Nick Jago and described by Jin &amp; Kevan (1991). More material was detected in the spirit collection of the zoological museum of Copenhagen. Material from a fogging project undertaken by McKamey et al. (1995) provides a comprehensive overview on the orthopteran canopy fauna of the East and West Usambara Mountains. Here the female of A. tanzanica is described and two new species, A. flagellata n. sp. and A. pseudoflagellata n. sp., from the forests of the East Usambara Mountains in Tanzania. Another two new species occur in the West Usambara Mountains and in coastal forest near Dar es Salaam of central Tanzania.</p><p>Most Tanzanian Afrophisis species are characterized by sclerotized, elongated structures arising from the internal genitalic system, produced between supra-anal and subgenital plate. Jin &amp; Kevan (1991) refer to these structures as paraprocts. However, paraprocts are defined as lateral sclerites of the integument and not as parts of the genitalic system. Therefore in the species description in this study these structures which are very conspicuous elements characterizing the species A. tanzanica, A. flagellata n. sp., A. pseudoflagellata n. sp. and A. mazumbaiensis n. sp., are just referred to as sclerotized genitalic structures.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A3881C9037F409FF28ABB7FC77F8DF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hemp, Claudia	Hemp, Claudia (2013): Annotated list of Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera) from the East Usambara Mountains Tanzania and new Tettigoniidae species from East Africa. Zootaxa 3737 (4): 301-350, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3737.4.1
03A3881C9037F40BFF28A868FD05FE38.text	03A3881C9037F40BFF28A868FD05FE38.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Afrophisis flagellata Hemp	<div><p>Afrophisis flagellata Hemp n. sp. (Fig. 15 G–I, Fig. 16 C, D)</p><p>http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera .speciesfile.org:TaxonName:180007</p><p>Holotype male, Tanzania, East Usambara Mountains, Kwamgumi forest reserve, 170–220 m, July 1995, 4 °57´S 38° 45´E, leg. McKamey et al. Depository: ZMUC.</p><p>Paratypes. 1 male, 2 females, same data as holotype. Depository: ZMUC.</p><p>Description.—Male. Habitus as A. tanzanica, A. pseudoflagellata n. sp. and A. mazumbaiensis n. sp.; medium sized, comparatively robust. Head and antennae.—Fastigium verticis short, conical, much shorter than scapus. Antennae very long and thin, 6–7 cm. Thorax.— Pronotum with pair of reddish-brown fasciae; median transverse sulci faint; anterior margin of pronotum slightly concave, posterior margin straight. All three pronotal sterna armed; prosternum with pair of long and slender straight processes, mesosternum with pair of shorter and stouter processes, on metasternum processes short and blunt. Tegmina and wings well developed, surpassing apex of abdomen about 1/3 of their length. Stridulatory area of male as in Fig. 15 G; Legs.— Fore coxa with spine. Fore legs with 5 inner and 4 outer long predatory spines on femur and 7 inner and 7 outer on tibia, mid femora with three outer spines and 2–3 on inner side which are short and stout. Hind femora unarmed at base where femur is inflated, one row of numerous spines at slender posterior part ventrally. Hind tibiae with 4 rows of numerous small spines along whole length. Supra-anal plate divided into two broad lobes. An elongated sclerotized structure with flagellate-like end part deriving from the genitalic system is situated between supra-anal plate, cerci and subgenital plate (Fig. 15 H). Cerci broad, dorsally partly expanded, ventrally worm-like structured. Subgenital plate broad, deeply v-shaped incised medially, with tiny styli (Fig. 15 I).</p><p>Female.—Same habitus as male, with long and slender, slightly up-curved ovipositor (Fig. 16 C). Subgenital plate as in Fig. 16 D.</p><p>Measurements, males (mm) (N = 2). Body length 11–14.5. Length of pronotum 3.6–3.7. Length of elytra 14.5– 16. Length of hind femur 13.5–14.</p><p>Measurements, females (mm) (N = 2). Body length 11–14. Length of pronotum 3.5–3.9. Length of elytra 15– 16. Length of hind femur 13–14.5. Ovipositor length 10.5–11.</p><p>Diagnosis.—Differentiated from all other known Afrophisis species by the flagellate-shaped end part of the externally protruding sclerotized genitalic structures. Similar to A. pseudoflagellata n. sp. which has a similar flagellate-like end part of the sclerotized genitalic structures. However, A. pseudoflagellata n. sp. has a strongly elongated supra-anal plate (Fig. 14 E, F) while in A. flagellata n. sp. the supra-anal plate is of normal shape (Fig. 15 H). The subgenital plate is deeply divided into two long and slender processes in A. pseudoflagellata n. sp. (Fig. 14C) while the processes of the v-shaped incised subgenital plate of A. flagellata n. sp. are much shorter (Fig. 15 F).</p><p>Distribution: Tanzania, East Usambara Mountains.</p><p>Habitat: Lowland to submontane forest.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A3881C9037F40BFF28A868FD05FE38	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hemp, Claudia	Hemp, Claudia (2013): Annotated list of Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera) from the East Usambara Mountains Tanzania and new Tettigoniidae species from East Africa. Zootaxa 3737 (4): 301-350, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3737.4.1
03A3881C9035F40BFF28AD67FE4BFA4D.text	03A3881C9035F40BFF28AD67FE4BFA4D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Afrophisis pseudoflagellata Hemp	<div><p>Afrophisis pseudoflagellata Hemp n. sp. (Fig. 13, Fig. 14B, D, E, F)</p><p>http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera .speciesfile.org:TaxonName:180008</p><p>Holotype male, Tanzania, East Usambara Mountains, Amani, forest track near Park Headquarters, 1000 m, March 2012. Depository: ZMHB.</p><p>The holotype is unique.</p><p>Description.—Male. Habitus as typical for Afrophisis, green in life with dark marking on stridulatory area and few dark dots on tegmina (Fig. 13); medium sized, comparatively robust. Head and antennae.—Fastigium verticis short, conical, much shorter than scapus. Antennae very long and thin. Thorax.— Pronotum with pair of reddishbrown fasciae; median transverse sulci faint; anterior margin of pronotum slightly concave, posterior margin slightly incurved. Tegmina and wings well developed, surpassing apex of abdomen about 1/3 of their length. Stridulatory area of male as in Fig. 14B; Legs.— Fore coxa with spine. Fore legs with 4 inner and 5 outer long predatory spines on femur and 6 inner and 7 outer on tibia, mid femora with 3–4 outer spines and 3–4 on inner side which are short and stout. Hind femora unarmed at base where femur is inflated, one row of few spines at slender posterior part ventrally. Hind tibiae with 4 rows of numerous small spines along whole length. Supra-anal plate much elongated divided into two parts medially, apical parts curled downwards. On apical inner and dorsal side of lobes a short process. Flagellate-like end part of inner genitalia produced between lobes of supra-anal plate and subgenital plate (Fig. Fig. 14 E, F). Tips of cerci laterally protruding where supra-anal plate is curled down. Subgenital plate elongated, deeply medially incised, with tiny styli (Fig. 14 D).</p><p>Female.—Unknown.</p><p>Measurements, male (mm) (N = 1). Body length 16. Length of pronotum 3.7. Length of elytra 16.5. Length of hind femur 13.</p><p>Diagnosis: Similar to A. flagellata n. sp. but with differently shaped supra-anal and subgenital plate (see diagnosis A. flagellata n. sp.)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A3881C9035F40BFF28AD67FE4BFA4D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hemp, Claudia	Hemp, Claudia (2013): Annotated list of Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera) from the East Usambara Mountains Tanzania and new Tettigoniidae species from East Africa. Zootaxa 3737 (4): 301-350, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3737.4.1
03A3881C9035F405FF28AAEFFD57FE60.text	03A3881C9035F405FF28AAEFFD57FE60.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Afrophisis kisarawe Hemp	<div><p>Afrophisis kisarawe Hemp n. sp. (Fig. 15 J–L)</p><p>http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera .speciesfile.org:TaxonName:180009</p><p>Holotype male, Tanzania, Kisarawe District, coast region near Dar es Salaam, Kazimzumbwi forest reserve, January/ February 1991, leg. FRONTIER Tanzania. Depository: ZMUC.</p><p>The holotype is unique.</p><p>Description.—Male. General habitus and colour as other Afrophisis species. Body medium sized, comparatively robust. Head and antennae.— Fastigium verticis short, conical, much shorter than scapus. Antennae very long and thin, 6 cm. Thorax.— Pronotum with pair of reddish-brown fasciae; median transverse sulci well developed. Anterior margin of pronotum slightly concave, posterior margin slightly rounded. All three pronotal sterna armed; prosternum with pair of laterally compressed processes that are more slender and longer than the rather short and blunt processes of meso- and metasternum. Tegmina and wings well developed, surpassing apex a few mm. Stridulatory area of male as in Fig. 15 J. Legs.— Fore coxa with spine. Fore legs with 5 inner and 4 outer long predatory spines on femur and 7 inner and 7 outer on tibia, mid femora with three outer spines and 3 shorter ones on inner side. Hind femora with numerous small spines along distal part of ventral femur. Hind tibiae with 4 rows of numerous small spines along whole length. Last abdominal tergite differentiated into two broad lateral lobes ending at both sides in blunt and short process (Fig. 15 K, L); between processes posterior margin evenly rounded. Cerci slender and slightly inwardly curved. Subgenital plate broad with posterior margin almost circlic incised with slender styli (Fig. 15 L).</p><p>Female.—Unknown.</p><p>Measurements, male (mm) (N = 1). Body length 13.7. Length of pronotum 3.5. Length of elytra 13. Length of hind femur 12.</p><p>Diagnosis.— A. kisarawe n. sp. has an unmodified supra-anal plate and slender, slightly incurved cerci. All other Tanzanian species have strongly modified supra-anal plates and thickend, worm-like cerci. From West African species differentiated in wearing a fore coxal spine, absent in all West African species but present in all East African species.</p><p>Distribution: Only known from the type locality in Tanzania, near Dar es Salaam.</p><p>Habitat: Coastal forest.</p><p>Remarks: The specimen of A. kisarawe n. sp. was found in the spirit collection of the zoological museum of Copenhagen. The material was collected by the project FRONTIER in 1991. Further Orthoptera species collected in the Kazimzumbwi forest reserve were Cymatomerella muta Beier, Aerotegmina megaloptera n. sp., Parapyrrhicia zanzibarica Brunner von Wattenwyl, Gonatoxia maculata Karsch, Poecilogramma striatifemur Karsch, Horatosphaga magna Ragge, Ducetia biramosa (Karsch), Eulioptera monticola Ragge, Ectomoptera sp. and Dioncomena ornata Brunner von Wattenwyl.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A3881C9035F405FF28AAEFFD57FE60	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hemp, Claudia	Hemp, Claudia (2013): Annotated list of Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera) from the East Usambara Mountains Tanzania and new Tettigoniidae species from East Africa. Zootaxa 3737 (4): 301-350, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3737.4.1
03A3881C903BF405FF28AEDFFD07FA2E.text	03A3881C903BF405FF28AEDFFD07FA2E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Afrophisis mazumbaiensis Hemp	<div><p>Afrophisis mazumbaiensis Hemp n. sp. (Fig. 15 D–F)</p><p>http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera .speciesfile.org:TaxonName:180010</p><p>Holotype male, Tanzania, West Usambara Mountains, Mazumbai forest reserve, 4° 49´S 38° 31´E, 1370 – 1435 m, November 1995, leg. McKamey et al. Depository: ZMUC.</p><p>Description.—Male. General habitus and colour as other Afrophisis species, probably green in life with faint reddish fasciae on pronotum and stridulatory file. Body medium sized, comparatively robust. Head and antennae.— Fastigium verticis short, faintly sulcate, conical, much shorter than scapus. Antennae very long and thin. Thorax.— Pronotum with pair of reddish-brown fasciae; median transverse sulci well developed, especially first sulcus deep; anterior and posterior margins of pronotum almost straight. Prosternum not visible, mesosternum with blunt pair of processes, metasternum unarmed. Tegmina and wings well developed, surpassing apex of abdomen about half of their length. Stridulatory area of male as in Fig. 15 D; Legs.— Fore coxa with spine. Fore legs with 4 inner and 3 outer long predatory spines on femur and 7 inner and 7 outer on tibia, mid femora with three short outer spines and one short spine on inner side. Hind femora unarmed at base where femur is inflated, few spines at posterior part ventrally. Hind tibiae with 4 rows of numerous small spines along whole length. Abdomen.— Supra-anal plate elongate and raised backwards as in A. tanzanica but shorter and stouter. Elongated sclerotized genitalic structures with knobs dorsally at base, below a median elongation is present with a median keel which produces two acute parallel processes at its end (Fig. 15 E). Cerci thick, finger-like, at midlength strongly bend, curving ventrad and thus pointing anteriorly. Subgenital plate broad at base, deeply incised forming two acute processes with minute styli at tips (Fig. 15 I).</p><p>Female.—Unknown</p><p>Measurements, male- (mm) (N = 1). Body length 11.5. Length of pronotum 3.5. Length of elytra 13. Length of hind femur 10.</p><p>Diagnosis.— A. mazumbaiensis n. sp. resembles A. tanzanica in the shape of the elongated supra-anal plate. However, the supra-anal plate is stouter and the sclerotized genitalic structures differently shaped than in A. tanzanica . Both species are morphological sister pairs occurring on adjacent mountain ranges.</p><p>Distribution: Mazumbai forest reserve in the West Usambara Mountains.</p><p>Habitat: Submontane to montane forest.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A3881C903BF405FF28AEDFFD07FA2E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hemp, Claudia	Hemp, Claudia (2013): Annotated list of Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera) from the East Usambara Mountains Tanzania and new Tettigoniidae species from East Africa. Zootaxa 3737 (4): 301-350, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3737.4.1
03A3881C903BF406FF28A916FB23FA70.text	03A3881C903BF406FF28A916FB23FA70.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Afrophisis tanzanica Jin & Kevan 1991	<div><p>Afrophisis tanzanica Jin &amp; Kevan (1991) (Fig. 15 A–C, Fig. 16 A, B)</p><p>http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera .speciesfile.org:TaxonName:14477</p><p>Material viewed: 3 males, 4 females, East Usambara Mountains, Kwamgumi forest reserve, 4° 57´S 38° 45´E, November 1995. leg. McKamey et al. Depository: ZMUC.</p><p>Description.—Female. General habitus and size as male; see description Jin &amp; Kevan (1991). Antennae 5–6 cm long. Ovipositor slender and long, slightly up-curved (Fig. 16 A). Subgenital plate as in Fig. 16 B.</p><p>Measurements, males (mm) (N = 3). Body length 11–15. Length of pronotum 3.6–3.9. Length of elytra 15–16. Length of hind femur 11–12.5.</p><p>Measurements, females (mm) (N = 4). Body length 13–19.5. Length of pronotum 3.6–4.0. Length of elytra 16– 19. Length of hind femur 13.5–19. Length of ovipositor 12.5–13.</p><p>Distribution: Tanzania, East Usambara Mountains (Jin &amp; Kevan 1991).</p><p>Ecology &amp; Biology: Canopy dweller, nightactive, predaceous.</p><p>Habitat: Lowland and submontane everygreen forest.</p><p>Remarks: In the holotype of A. tanzanica the supra-anal plate is damaged and flexed at its middle part. This is depicted in Jin &amp; Kevan (1991), p. 324, Fig 2 e. However, since more material is available now it became clear that the supra-anal plate is evenly stretched backwards (see Fig. 15 B). The genitalic sclerites (regarded as paraprocts in Jin &amp; Kevan 1991) are situated beneath the supraanal plate and the elongated subgenital plate.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A3881C903BF406FF28A916FB23FA70	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hemp, Claudia	Hemp, Claudia (2013): Annotated list of Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera) from the East Usambara Mountains Tanzania and new Tettigoniidae species from East Africa. Zootaxa 3737 (4): 301-350, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3737.4.1
03A3881C9038F406FF28A923FB29F84F.text	03A3881C9038F406FF28A923FB29F84F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amytta pellucida Karsch 1888	<div><p>Amytta pellucida Karsch, 1888</p><p>http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera .speciesfile.org:TaxonName:14649</p><p>Distribution: Tanzania East Usambara Mountains (Karsch 1888a).</p><p>Ecology &amp; Biology: Canopy dweller.</p><p>Habitat: Lowland evergreen forest.</p><p>Remarks: Only few specimens have been caught to present and all in or in the vicinity of the East Usambara Mountains of Tanzania. In November 2002 specimens were caught in a relictal coastal forest patch near Segera along the road between Korogwe and Muheza.</p><p>Various other Meconematinae species belonging to the genus Amytta and to probably new genera are present in the West and East Usambara Mountains which will be described successively (Hemp in prep.).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A3881C9038F406FF28A923FB29F84F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hemp, Claudia	Hemp, Claudia (2013): Annotated list of Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera) from the East Usambara Mountains Tanzania and new Tettigoniidae species from East Africa. Zootaxa 3737 (4): 301-350, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3737.4.1
03A3881C9039F400FF28A9EDFC5EFF18.text	03A3881C9039F400FF28A9EDFC5EFF18.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apteroscirtus Karsch 1891	<div><p>Genus Apteroscirtus Karsch, 1891</p><p>http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera .speciesfile.org:TaxonName:13508</p><p>The genus Apteroscirtus was erected on A. denudatus Karsch from Kamerun (Karsch 1891). Characters differentiating Apteroscirtus from Gymnoscirtus are found in the width of the fastigium verticis and the male subgenital plate. Except for A. inalatus (Karsch) both known species of Apteroscirtus have strongly reduced wings that are tiny round lobes protruding laterally from the posterior margin of the pronotum. Gymnoscirtus uniguiculatus occurs syntopically with Apteroscirtus species in the West and East Usambara Mountains as well as in the Uluguru Mountains. Adult males of both genera may easily be distinguished by the wings present in Gymnoscirtus which are tiny, hardly visible lobes in Apteroscirtus males.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A3881C9039F400FF28A9EDFC5EFF18	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hemp, Claudia	Hemp, Claudia (2013): Annotated list of Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera) from the East Usambara Mountains Tanzania and new Tettigoniidae species from East Africa. Zootaxa 3737 (4): 301-350, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3737.4.1
03A3881C9039F407FF28A9A7FE53F96C.text	03A3881C9039F407FF28A9A7FE53F96C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecopodinae	<div><p>Subfamily Mecopodinae</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A3881C9039F407FF28A9A7FE53F96C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hemp, Claudia	Hemp, Claudia (2013): Annotated list of Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera) from the East Usambara Mountains Tanzania and new Tettigoniidae species from East Africa. Zootaxa 3737 (4): 301-350, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3737.4.1
03A3881C9039F407FF28AFB7FE42FD4E.text	03A3881C9039F407FF28AFB7FE42FD4E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phlugidia usambarica Hemp 2002	<div><p>Phlugidia usambarica Hemp, 2002 (Fig. 17)</p><p>http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera .speciesfile.org:TaxonName:14470</p><p>Distribution: Tanzania, East Usambara Mountains.</p><p>Ecology &amp; Biology: see Hemp (2002); Hemp (2013b). A frequent species from November to about March along the Zigi Trail at about 450 m a.s.l. in the East Usambaras where it prefers broad leafs. The song of P. usambarica is in the ultrasonic range and thus not perceivable to the unaided human ear. Individuals of this species were recorded between elevations of 450 to over 1000 m in the East Usambara Mountains. At higher elevations individuals seem to prefer forest clearings or forest edge along roads where the iridescent coloured insects bask in the sun on broad leaves of understory vegetation (Hemp 2013b).</p><p>Remarks: In alcohol samples collected by McKamey et al. in the Kwamgumi forest reserve at elevations between 150–220 m in July 1995 numerous adults and nymphs of P. usambarica were identified. Thus P. usambarica also occurs on the foothills of the East Usambara Mountains and obviously inhabits also higher trees in lowland forest communities.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A3881C9039F407FF28AFB7FE42FD4E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hemp, Claudia	Hemp, Claudia (2013): Annotated list of Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera) from the East Usambara Mountains Tanzania and new Tettigoniidae species from East Africa. Zootaxa 3737 (4): 301-350, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3737.4.1
03A3881C903EF400FF28AE07FC12F887.text	03A3881C903EF400FF28AE07FC12F887.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apteroscirtus cristatus Hemp	<div><p>Apteroscirtus cristatus Hemp n. sp. (Fig. 18, Fig. 19, Fig. 20 A, C, Fig. 21 A, Fig. 22 A)</p><p>http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera .speciesfile.org:TaxonName:180011</p><p>Holotype male. Tanzania, West Usambara Mountains, Mazumbai forest reserve, forest floor along path at 1500 m, leg. C. Hemp, depository: ZMNB. 1 female, Mazumbai forest reserve, caught at night at 1550 m, October 2006, depository: ZMNB.</p><p>Paratypes. 12 males, 14 females, 7 nymphs, all coll by Jago, Tanzania, West Usambara Mountains, Mazumbai forest reserve, November 1964, June 1967, July 1967, coll N. Jago; 2 males, West Usambara Mountains, Lushoto Arboretum, 1966, leg. Jago. 1 female, West Usambara Mountains, Sakarani, 1500 m, December 1952, leg. Lindemann und Pavlitzki. Depository: all BMNH.</p><p>Further paratype material: 1 female, West Usambara Mountains, Mazumbai forest reserve, Kwagoroto, 1800 m, March 2003; 1 male, 1 female nymph, same data as holotype, coll. Hemp. Depository: collection C. Hemp.</p><p>Description. General body shape and colour: elongated but stout body, mottled brown and black or dirty greenish (Fig. 18, 19). Head and antennae.— Antennae more than twice the body length, about 4–5 cm long. Fastigium verticis flat, constricted at height of eyes and widening towards height of antennae (Fig. 20 A); abruptly forming acute angle to face, meeting fastigium of frons in a shallow horizontal line. Thorax.— Pronotum constricted at first sulcus; disk of pronotum flat and smooth with faint median carina. Lateral lobes of pronotum smooth, brown-black marked bordering disk of pronotum. Disk of meso- and metazona of pronotum almost triangular, with slightly undulating posterior margin of pronotum. Sulcus dividing meso- and metazona deep, running almost to lower margin of pronotal lobes. Tegmina tiny rounded lobes, hardly protruding from posterior margin of pronotum. Legs.— Legs long and slender, base of hind femur stout. Hind femora surpassing apex of body about 1.5 times of their length, hind tibiae as long as femora. Tympana of fore tibiae oval and open on both sides. All femora unarmed. Fore and mid tibiae unarmed except for few spines at posterior outer side. Hind tibiae with double-row of numerous stout spines along dorsal side, and few spines at posterior part on inner sides of hind tibiae. Abdomen.— Abdominal tergites medially with conspicuous keels (Fig. 18), elongating posterior margin of tergites. Lateral on abdomen dark brown to black fascia. Cerci stout and of light colour, slightly curved inwardly (Fig. 20 C). Subgenital plate typical for Apteroscirtus, elongate and acute forked at its posterior end (Fig. 20 C). Styli minute little dots.</p><p>Female.—Larger than male. No signs of tegmina, thus completely apterous. Hind femora very stout and long but only surpassing body about half of their total length. Ovipositor stout and slightly up-curved at posterior part (Fig. 21 A). Subgenital plate broad with straight posterior margin (Fig. 22 A).</p><p>Measurements, males (mm) (N = 4). Body length 16–20. Length of pronotum 6.0–6.5. Length of hind femur 24–27.</p><p>Measurements, females (mm) (N = 4). Body length 20–27. Length of pronotum 7.0–7.2. Length of hind femur 27–31. Ovipositor length 16–20.</p><p>Diagnosis.— A. cristatus n. sp. can be separated easily from other members of Apteroscirtus by the elongated keels on the adominal tergites. The abdomen of A. denudatus is completely smooth, A. ruwenzoricus Rehn has week keels and also A. planidorsatus n. sp. has smooth abdominal tergites. A. inalatus (Karsch) has rounded wing lobes, an unique character among the described species of Apteroscirtus .</p><p>Etymology. – lat. cristatus = crest, because of the pronounced abdominal keels medially on the tergites.</p><p>Distribution: Tanzania, probably endemic to the West Usambara Mountains.</p><p>Ecology &amp; Biology: A. cristatus n. sp. is an inhabitant of leaf litter on the forest floor where it is well camouflaged. It escapes with large jumps when disturbed.</p><p>Habitat: Montane forest, recorded from around 1500–1800 m.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A3881C903EF400FF28AE07FC12F887	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hemp, Claudia	Hemp, Claudia (2013): Annotated list of Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera) from the East Usambara Mountains Tanzania and new Tettigoniidae species from East Africa. Zootaxa 3737 (4): 301-350, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3737.4.1
03A3881C903FF403FF28ABEEFD05FC68.text	03A3881C903FF403FF28ABEEFD05FC68.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apteroscirtus planidorsatus Hemp	<div><p>Apteroscirtus planidorsatus Hemp n. sp. (Fig. 20 B, D, Fig. 21 B, Fig. 22 B)</p><p>http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera .speciesfile.org:TaxonName:180012</p><p>Holotype male. Tanzania, Uluguru Mountains, Bunduki forest reserve, 21. October 1964, coll. N. Jago, depository: BMNH.</p><p>Paratypes. 1 female, same data as holotype, Depository BMNH.</p><p>Description. General body shape and colour.— Elongated but stout body, brown with lateral dark to black fasciae along whole body. Head and antennae.—Antenna 5.5 cm long, thus about 2.5 times as long as length of body. Fastigium verticis narrow, about 1.2 mm wide at anterior margin with short median furrow (Fig. 20 B), meeting fastigium of frons in horizontal short line, forming sulcus. Prosternum bispinose, spines comparatively short. Thorax.— Pronotum gradually widening posteriorly, at height of first sulcus hardly constricted. Sulci dividing prozona and metazona deep, both running almost to lower border of pronotal lobes. Surface of pronotum coarsely dotted. Legs.— Legs with pattern of brown and black, long and slender, bases of hind femora not as stout as in A. cristatus n. sp. Hind femora surpassing apex of body about half of their length, hind tibiae slightly longer than femora. Tympana of fore tibiae oval and open on both sides. Fore femora with 1 or 2 stout spines at posterior end of inner side of femur, mid femora unarmed but with long inner and shorter outer spur at lunules. Hind femora with ventral double row of 6–8 stout spines. Fore and mid tibiae with double row of few slender spines ventrally, hind tibiae with four rows of numerous spines along whole length, spines of dorsal rows more dense and larger. Abdomen.— Abdominal tergites almost smooth, small knobs medially on posterior margin. Cerci stout and of light colour, slightly curved inwards (Fig. 20 D). Subgenital plate typical for Apteroscirtus, elongate and acute forked at its posterior end (Fig. 20 D). Styli harldy discernible, rounded dots at tips of subgenital plate.</p><p>Female.—Larger than male. No signs of tegmina, completely apterous. Ovipositor stout and slightly up-curved at posterior part (Fig. 21 B). Subgenital plate broad, posterior margin more pointed than in A. cristatus n. sp. (Fig. 22 B).</p><p>Diagnosis. A. planidorsatus n. sp. differs from A. cristatus n. sp. in several morphological characters. The pronotum is differently shaped. In A. cristatus n. sp. the pronotum is constricted at the first sulcus, while it is hardly so in A. planidorsatus n. sp. The spination of the legs is different. A. cristatus n. sp. has unarmed femora while in A. planidorsatus n. sp. several spines are found ventrally on fore and hind femora. The hind femora are much stouter at the base in A. cristatus n. sp. and surpass the body considerably while the hind femora in A. planidorsatus n. sp. are not as stout at their base and they surpass the body only by about half of their total length. The most conspicuous character differentiating both species is seen in the abdominal tergites, which are strongly keeled in A. cristatus n. sp. while the adominal tergites of A. planidorsatus n. sp. are almost smooth and only traces of knobs can be detected on some of the tergites. The styli are tiny appendages in A. cristatus n. sp. but almost reduced in A. planidorsatus n. sp. The female of A. planidorsatus n. sp. has longer hind legs than females of A. cristatus n. sp. and the bases are less stout. The subgenital plate is not as broad at its posterior margin in A. planidorsatus n. sp. as in A. cristatus n. sp.</p><p>Measurements, male (mm) (N = 1). Body length 17. Length of pronotum 4. Length of hind femur 22.</p><p>Measurements, female (mm) (N = 1). Body length 19. Length of pronotum 7.2. Length of hind femur 30. Ovipositor length 17.</p><p>Etymology. —lat. planus = even, because there are no keels on the abdominal tergites, and lat. – dorsum, since it applies to the abdominal dorsum.</p><p>Distribution: Tanzania, Uluguru Mountains.</p><p>Habitat: Lowland to submontane forest.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A3881C903FF403FF28ABEEFD05FC68	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hemp, Claudia	Hemp, Claudia (2013): Annotated list of Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera) from the East Usambara Mountains Tanzania and new Tettigoniidae species from East Africa. Zootaxa 3737 (4): 301-350, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3737.4.1
03A3881C9002F43CFF28AC16FB88F8AF.text	03A3881C9002F43CFF28AC16FB88F8AF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gymnoscirtus unguiculatus Karsch 1888	<div><p>Gymnoscirtus unguiculatus Karsch, 1888 (Fig. 23)</p><p>http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera .speciesfile.org:TaxonName:13542</p><p>Karsch (1888b) described Mecopoda unguiculatus and erected a few years later the monotypic genus Gymnoscirtus (Karsch 1891) . Gymnoscirtus is characterized by an elongated but stout body of mostly brown or greenish colour with antennae that are about 1.5 times as long as the body length. Gymnoscirtus has a broad fastigium verticis, which meets the fastigium of frons in a broad well distinguished horizontal line with a deep median sulcus. The pronotum has deep lateral lobes, the disk of the pronotum shows a typical hourglass shape, bordered lateral at the upper parts of the lobes by shiny black areas in the males. The prosternum is bispinose with a pair of slender and long slightly backward curved spines. Gymnoscirtus is brachypterous with the tegmina partly covered by the pronotum, while females have small lobes laterally protruding from the posterior margin of the pronotum and which are not overlapping. Hindwings are lacking in both sexes. The abdominal tergites wear rounded knobs medially. Fore coxa with well developed spine. The legs are long and slender, the hind femora stout at their base, surpassing the apex of the abdomen about half of their length. The hind tibiae are longer than the hind femora. The male cerci are short but slender and slightly curved inward. The subgenital plate, as typical for most Mecopodinae, is elongated and fork-like incised medially at posterior end. The ovipositor of the females is moderately long, stout at the base and slender and laterally compressed along the remaining part, of about half the length of the hind femora, and slightly up-curved..</p><p>Diagnosis: Gymnoscirtus is very similar to the West African genus Apteroscirtus . Characters differentiating the two genera as given by Karsch (1891) are a fastigium verticis which is broader in Gymnoscirtus, the form of the pronotum which is constricted at its first furrow (causing the “hourglass” shape), and the subgenital plate which is triangularly incised in Apteroscirtus while the incision is evenly rounded in Gymnoscirtus .</p><p>Distribution: Tanzania: East and West Usambara Mountains, Gendagenda Forest Reserve, Uluguru Mountains, Nguru Mountains, Pugu Hills. Kenya: Mrima Hill, Shimba Hills.</p><p>Ecology &amp; Biology: G. unguiculatus is day active, well camouflaged among leaf litter of the forest floor.</p><p>Habitat: Coastal and lowland, submontane to montane forest from about 50 to 1600 m.</p><p>Remarks: The individuals in the collection of the NHM London from the Pugu Hills, the Uluguru and Nguru Mountains of Tanzania show slight differences in the outer genitalic apparatus and the shape of the spines of the prosternum. Further studies on a larger series of specimens from these localities on morphology, song and genetics have to show whether further species of Gymnoscirtus occur in these mountains.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A3881C9002F43CFF28AC16FB88F8AF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hemp, Claudia	Hemp, Claudia (2013): Annotated list of Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera) from the East Usambara Mountains Tanzania and new Tettigoniidae species from East Africa. Zootaxa 3737 (4): 301-350, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3737.4.1
03A3881C9003F43DFF28A993FE65F900.text	03A3881C9003F43DFF28A993FE65F900.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phaneropterinae	<div><p>Subfamily Phaneropterinae</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A3881C9003F43DFF28A993FE65F900	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hemp, Claudia	Hemp, Claudia (2013): Annotated list of Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera) from the East Usambara Mountains Tanzania and new Tettigoniidae species from East Africa. Zootaxa 3737 (4): 301-350, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3737.4.1
03A3881C9003F43DFF28AA98FDCDF992.text	03A3881C9003F43DFF28AA98FDCDF992.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Philoscirtus cordipennis Karsch 1896	<div><p>Philoscirtus cordipennis Karsch, 1896</p><p>http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera .speciesfile.org:TaxonName:13447</p><p>Distribution: Tanzania, East Usambara Mountains and coast around Tanga (Karsch 1896). Habitat: Lowland evergreen forest.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A3881C9003F43DFF28AA98FDCDF992	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hemp, Claudia	Hemp, Claudia (2013): Annotated list of Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera) from the East Usambara Mountains Tanzania and new Tettigoniidae species from East Africa. Zootaxa 3737 (4): 301-350, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3737.4.1
03A3881C9003F43FFF28A9D9FB8EFE8F.text	03A3881C9003F43FFF28A9D9FB8EFE8F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Arantia fasciata (Walker 1869) Walker 1869	<div><p>Arantia fasciata (Walker, 1869)</p><p>http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera .speciesfile.org:TaxonName:12755</p><p>Distribution: Africa south of the Sahara.</p><p>Ecology &amp; Biology: Arantia fasciata is often collected at light by night. In savanna habitats on Combretum zehyeri .</p><p>Habitat: Hemp (2005); Hemp (2013a). Canopy dweller.</p><p>Song: Arantia fasciata sings in the evening hours shortly after sunset. Its song of a few loud syllables is easily recognized produced from high trees (Hemp 2013a).</p><p>Remarks: In the zoological museum of Copenhagen a specimen of A. fasciata was studied differing in the spination of the hind legs. The genus Arantia is characterized by having outer spines on the hind femora while this specimen from Amani also had large spines of the inner side of the hind femora.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A3881C9003F43FFF28A9D9FB8EFE8F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hemp, Claudia	Hemp, Claudia (2013): Annotated list of Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera) from the East Usambara Mountains Tanzania and new Tettigoniidae species from East Africa. Zootaxa 3737 (4): 301-350, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3737.4.1
03A3881C9001F43FFF28AEB5FB41FD65.text	03A3881C9001F43FFF28AEB5FB41FD65.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Catoptropteryx aurita Huxley 1970	<div><p>Catoptropteryx aurita Huxley, 1970</p><p>http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera .speciesfile.org:TaxonName:12669</p><p>Distribution: East Africa (Huxley 1970).</p><p>Habitat: Hemp (2005); Hemp (2013a). Canopy dweller and common on most mountain ranges of East Africa in suitable habitats.</p><p>Ecology &amp; Biology: Attracted to light at night in the East Usambara Mountains. Mostly herbivorous but caged males also fed on other dead orthopterans including its own species. Present throughout the year.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A3881C9001F43FFF28AEB5FB41FD65	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hemp, Claudia	Hemp, Claudia (2013): Annotated list of Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera) from the East Usambara Mountains Tanzania and new Tettigoniidae species from East Africa. Zootaxa 3737 (4): 301-350, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3737.4.1
03A3881C9001F43FFF28ADDCFDB0FBFF.text	03A3881C9001F43FFF28ADDCFDB0FBFF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Debrona cervina Walker 1870	<div><p>Debrona cervina Walker, 1870</p><p>http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera .speciesfile.org:TaxonName:12552</p><p>Distribution: Tanzania, East Usambara Mountains and South Africa (Ragge 1968).</p><p>Habitat: Lowland evergreen forest in the East Usambara Mountains.</p><p>Remarks: D. habetata Karsch was described from the East Usambara Mountains and later synonymised by Kirby (1906) with D. cervina originally described from South Africa on a single female. Specimens of this species are rarely collected and further studies should be undertaken to show whether this beautiful Phaneropterinae is distributed across such a large area.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A3881C9001F43FFF28ADDCFDB0FBFF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hemp, Claudia	Hemp, Claudia (2013): Annotated list of Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera) from the East Usambara Mountains Tanzania and new Tettigoniidae species from East Africa. Zootaxa 3737 (4): 301-350, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3737.4.1
03A3881C9001F43FFF28A976FD34F933.text	03A3881C9001F43FFF28A976FD34F933.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dioncomena jagoi Ragge 1980	<div><p>Dioncomena jagoi Ragge, 1980</p><p>http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera .speciesfile.org:TaxonName:12541</p><p>Distribution: Tanzania, East Usambara and Uluguru Mountains (Ragge 1980). Habitat: Lowland and submontane forest.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A3881C9001F43FFF28A976FD34F933	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hemp, Claudia	Hemp, Claudia (2013): Annotated list of Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera) from the East Usambara Mountains Tanzania and new Tettigoniidae species from East Africa. Zootaxa 3737 (4): 301-350, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3737.4.1
03A3881C9001F43FFF28ABA4FAABF9CE.text	03A3881C9001F43FFF28ABA4FAABF9CE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dioncomena ornata Brunner	<div><p>Dioncomena ornata Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 (Fig. 24)</p><p>http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera .speciesfile.org:TaxonName:12537</p><p>Distribution: Wide-spread in Tanzania on Zanzibar, in coastal forest and in submontane forest on most Eastern Arc Mountain ranges as well as along the southern part of the Kenyan coast.</p><p>Habitat: Coastal, lowland and submontane forest.</p><p>Ecology &amp; Biology: D. ornata prefers forest clearings, forest edge and forest path situations which allows basking in the sun on broad leaved herbs for part of the day. The species is day active, males often found on top of small bushes or large herbs performing their song. They are easily disturbed when approached but usually only fly some meters before landing on bushes or herbs. D. ornata individuals are often found resting closely to each other, apart maybe 1–2 meters, several males and females sharing a bush or a herbaceous strip along forest edge.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A3881C9001F43FFF28ABA4FAABF9CE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hemp, Claudia	Hemp, Claudia (2013): Annotated list of Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera) from the East Usambara Mountains Tanzania and new Tettigoniidae species from East Africa. Zootaxa 3737 (4): 301-350, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3737.4.1
03A3881C9001F438FF28A871FB0CFEA9.text	03A3881C9001F438FF28A871FB0CFEA9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ducetia biramosa (Karsch 1888) Karsch 1888	<div><p>Ducetia biramosa (Karsch, 1888)</p><p>http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera .speciesfile.org:TaxonName:9966</p><p>Distribution: Coastal Tanzania (Ragge 1961).</p><p>Habitat: Herbaceus vegetation along forest edges and grasslands with scattered bushes and trees.</p><p>Remarks: Ragge (1961) recorded this species also from Morogoro and around Dar es Salaam. D. biramosa was also found further north in herbaceous vegetation of disturbed coastal forest near Pangani and at the foothills of the East Usambara Mountains in vegetation fringing the roadside between Muheza and Zigi. The spirit collection of the zoological museum Copenhagen also holds male specimens of this species from the Kazimzumbi forest reserve in the Kisarawe district near Dar es Salaam caught in January/ February 1991.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A3881C9001F438FF28A871FB0CFEA9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hemp, Claudia	Hemp, Claudia (2013): Annotated list of Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera) from the East Usambara Mountains Tanzania and new Tettigoniidae species from East Africa. Zootaxa 3737 (4): 301-350, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3737.4.1
03A3881C9006F438FF28A99CFC2BF83E.text	03A3881C9006F438FF28A99CFC2BF83E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ectomoptera	<div><p>Ectomoptera sp.</p><p>Distribution: Tanzania, East Usambara Mountains (Ragge 1980).</p><p>Habitat: Submontane forest.</p><p>Remarks: Ragge (1980) stated that a second species of Ectomoptera is present in the East Usambara Mountains. The Natural History Museum London stores a male and a female of this species. A female belonging to this new species was caught in December 2011 in the Kwamkoro forest reserve near Amani. Once additional material becomes available this new species can be described. Ragge (1980) also mentioned that more species are present in the Shimba Hills of Kenya and in the Tanga area of Tanzania.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A3881C9006F438FF28A99CFC2BF83E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hemp, Claudia	Hemp, Claudia (2013): Annotated list of Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera) from the East Usambara Mountains Tanzania and new Tettigoniidae species from East Africa. Zootaxa 3737 (4): 301-350, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3737.4.1
03A3881C9006F438FF28AA35FAC8F9BD.text	03A3881C9006F438FF28AA35FAC8F9BD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ectomoptera nepicauda Ragge 1980	<div><p>Ectomoptera nepicauda Ragge, 1980 (Fig. 25, Fig. 26)</p><p>http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera .speciesfile.org:TaxonName:12530</p><p>Distribution: Tanzania, East Usambara Mountains (Ragge 1980).</p><p>Habitat: Lowland evergreen forest.</p><p>Ecology &amp; Biology: E. nepicauda is a night active species and was caught in the early night hours along the Zigi Trail on the foothills of the East Usambara Mountains in March 2012. It was shaken from understory trees and found below larger leaves in bushes and large herbs in heights between 1– 2 m. When the same trail was searched for Orthoptera at night in November 2011 this species was not found suggesting that it might be seasonal. E. nepicauda has an unusual modified stridulatory area and produces a resonant song (Heller &amp; Hemp, in prep.)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A3881C9006F438FF28AA35FAC8F9BD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hemp, Claudia	Hemp, Claudia (2013): Annotated list of Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera) from the East Usambara Mountains Tanzania and new Tettigoniidae species from East Africa. Zootaxa 3737 (4): 301-350, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3737.4.1
03A3881C9006F438FF28ACAAFE35FB0F.text	03A3881C9006F438FF28ACAAFE35FB0F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eulioptera monticola Ragge 1980	<div><p>Eulioptera monticola Ragge, 1980</p><p>http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera .speciesfile.org:TaxonName:12513</p><p>Distribution: Tanzania, East Usambara, Nguru and Ukami Mountains (Ragge 1980); coastal forest Tanzania near Dar es Salaam.</p><p>Habitat: Coastal, lowland and submontane forest.</p><p>Remarks: The spirit collection of the zoological museum in Copenhagen holds specimens of this species caught in the Kazimzumbwi forest reserve, Kisarawe district, near Dar es Salaam showing that this species also occurs in coastal forest.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A3881C9006F438FF28ACAAFE35FB0F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hemp, Claudia	Hemp, Claudia (2013): Annotated list of Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera) from the East Usambara Mountains Tanzania and new Tettigoniidae species from East Africa. Zootaxa 3737 (4): 301-350, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3737.4.1
03A3881C9006F438FF28AE97FD7AFCFA.text	03A3881C9006F438FF28AE97FD7AFCFA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eurycorypha	<div><p>Eurycorypha sp.</p><p>Remarks.— Vosseler (1909) recorded an Eurycorypha species in the East Usambara Mountains, investigating minutely the life history. Since the ant-like nymphal stages were described as Myrmecophana fallax, Vosseler suggested that the species in the East Usambaras belonged to this genus, described by Brunner von Wattenwyl from the Sudan. He synonymized M. fallax with Eurycorypha and remarked that E. prasinata (Stal), originally described from Madagascar, probably has the widest distribution occurring in Madagascar, South Africa, the Comoros, coastal Kenya and Tanzania. He suggested that the investigated species from the East Usambara Mountains, being somewhat intermediary between E. prasinata and E. varia Bunner, could therefore belong to E. prasinata . Further studies have to be undertaken to show to which species these East Usambaran specimens investigated by Vosseler belong since E. prasinata is restricted to Madagascar.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A3881C9006F438FF28AE97FD7AFCFA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hemp, Claudia	Hemp, Claudia (2013): Annotated list of Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera) from the East Usambara Mountains Tanzania and new Tettigoniidae species from East Africa. Zootaxa 3737 (4): 301-350, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3737.4.1
03A3881C9007F439FF28AB8FFB37FA28.text	03A3881C9007F439FF28AB8FFB37FA28.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gelotopoia Brunner	<div><p>Genus Gelotopoia Brunner von Wattenwyl</p><p>http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera .speciesfile.org:TaxonName:11297</p><p>The genus Gelotopoia was erected on G. bicolor from Sierra Leone by Brunner von Wattenwyl (1891). A wide distribution was given for this monotypic genus by Ragge (1980) covering West, Central, East and South West Africa. Studying the specimens in the Natural History Museum London showed that more than one species is present. Differences are seen in the genitalic apparatus as well as in the shape of the pronotum and the spination of the legs. Thus probably new species are present occurring in Angola, Uganda and the East Usambara Mountains. Here the species from the East Usambara Mountains is newly described as G. amabilis n. sp.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A3881C9007F439FF28AB8FFB37FA28	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hemp, Claudia	Hemp, Claudia (2013): Annotated list of Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera) from the East Usambara Mountains Tanzania and new Tettigoniidae species from East Africa. Zootaxa 3737 (4): 301-350, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3737.4.1
03A3881C9007F43BFF28A919FDF6FDB5.text	03A3881C9007F43BFF28A919FDF6FDB5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gelotopoia amabilis Hemp	<div><p>Gelotopoia amabilis Hemp n. sp. (Fig. 27 A–B, Fig. 28 A–B)</p><p>http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera .speciesfile.org:TaxonName:180013</p><p>Holotype male, Tanzania, East Usambara Mountains, MacKay &amp; F Watson, Brit. Mus. 1983–101 depository: BMNH.</p><p>Description.—Male. With conspicuous contrasting pattern of white and brown-black patches and dots (Fig. 27 A). Fastigium of vertex not compressed, about twice as wide as scapus, slightly sulcate medially. Antennae with irregular annulate markings of black and white; longer than body length but not extending length of tegmina when folded. Disk of pronotum with faint median carina. Anterior margin and posterior margin of pronotum raised medially to form a more or less acute point, which is whitish while the whole disk of the pronotum is of brown colour (Fig. 27 B). Lateral lobes of pronotum of whitish colour thus contrasting with brown disk of pronotum. Posterior part of pronotum extended laterally and slightly up-curved. Fore coxa with rather short and slightly laterally compressed and inwardly curved spine. Fore and mid femora with ventral spinules, marked black on an otherwise white surface of the femora, hind femora with larger spines located at posterior ventral part. Medially on upper part and front of femur long stretched slender black fascia, at posterior part a brown patch covering the whole femur in this area. Similar brown patches are present also on fore and mid femora. Fore tibiae with open tympana, area around tympana black. Tibiae with few dorsal spines and a double row of ventral spines. Tarsi black with few white areas while remaining parts of tibiae predominantly white with some few black spots along their length at mid and hind tibiae. Bases of spines at upper part of mid and hind tibiae near lunules conspicuous, their bases broad and expanded, dorsally deep brown, while the rear part is white. Hind tibiae with three black apical spurs on each side. Wings fully developed, hind wings surpassing tegmina (Fig. 27 A). Tegmina at anterior medial area with black patches. Male tenth abdominal tergite unmodified, cerci stout, decussate, white except for deep black tips. Subgenital plate medially circlic incised; without styli, but with styli-like lateral processes (Fig. 28 A).</p><p>Female.—Unknown.</p><p>Measurements, male (mm) (N = 1). Body length 18. Length of pronotum 6. Length of elytra 32. Length of hind femur 18.5.</p><p>Diagnosis: Gelotopoia amabilis n. sp. differs from G. bi co l or in the shape of the pronotum, the fastigium verticis, the length of the tegmina, spination of the legs and the shape of the male subgenital plate (Fig. 28). In G.</p><p>amabilis n. sp. the metazona of the pronotum is much more expanded than in G. bicolor . The fastigium verticis in G. amabilis n. sp. is broader and about twice the width of one scapus as in G. bicolor where the fastigium verticis has about 1.5 times the width of one scapus. The tegmina of G. amabilis n. sp. are more elongate than in specimens of G. bicolor . In G. bicolor the spines of the upper part of the hind femora are expanded, fused to a flange while in G. amabilis n.sp. the spines are large and expanded but not completely fused. However, the best diagnostic character differentiating both species is the subgenital plate of the male. In G. bicolor the posterior margin of the subgenital plate is rounded with two small processes (Fig. 28 B), while it is circlic and deeply incised with two larger lateral processes in G. amabilis n. sp. (Fig. 28 A).</p><p>Remarks: G. amabilis n. sp. is not regarded as being an endemic to the East Usambara Mountains since it is fully alate and therefore very likely occurs in a larger area probably including coastal forest and maybe other Eastern Arc Mountain ranges. In the material collected by McKamey et al. (1995) in the Mazumbai forest reserve in the West Usambara Mountains a small nymph belonging to the genus Gelotopoia was noted. Since the West Usambara Mountains are situated adjacent to the East Usambara Mountains is is likely that G. amabilis n. sp. also occurs in the West Usambara Mountains.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A3881C9007F43BFF28A919FDF6FDB5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hemp, Claudia	Hemp, Claudia (2013): Annotated list of Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera) from the East Usambara Mountains Tanzania and new Tettigoniidae species from East Africa. Zootaxa 3737 (4): 301-350, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3737.4.1
03A3881C9005F43BFF28ADE8FC34FB01.text	03A3881C9005F43BFF28ADE8FC34FB01.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gonatoxia immaculata Karsch 1889	<div><p>Gonatoxia immaculata Karsch, 1889</p><p>http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera .speciesfile.org:TaxonName:9202</p><p>Distribution: Tanzania, East Usambara Mountains (Karsch 1888c).</p><p>Habitat: Lowland forest.</p><p>Remarks.— The genus Gonatoxia contains two species, G. immaculata and G. maculata Karsch. Both taxa are only known from their holotypes. Also various entomological collections usually do not hold many specimens of these two species. Hemp (2013a) listed G. maculata from Mt Kilimanjaro from a single male caught in relictal riverine forest. Lately more material became available from Mt Kilimanjaro and the adjacent situated mountain range of the North Pares. On Mt Kilimanjaro G. maculata occurred plentiful from April to June 2013 in tree savanna habitats at the eastern slopes around Lake Chala at 1000 m a.s.l. and in savanna plains at West Kilimanjaro around Lerongo at around 1300 m a.s.l. In the North Pare Mountains G. maculata specimens were caught from trees and bushes in dense tree savanna at the southern foothills near Lembeni. Males can be located at night by their song. G. maculata specimens were also collected by FRONTIER Tanzania in January/ February 1991 in the Kazimzumbwi forest reserve near Dar es Salaam (collection ZMUC).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A3881C9005F43BFF28ADE8FC34FB01	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hemp, Claudia	Hemp, Claudia (2013): Annotated list of Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera) from the East Usambara Mountains Tanzania and new Tettigoniidae species from East Africa. Zootaxa 3737 (4): 301-350, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3737.4.1
03A3881C9005F43BFF28AA3CFDC3F9E6.text	03A3881C9005F43BFF28AA3CFDC3F9E6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phaneroptera sparsa Stal 1857	<div><p>Phaneroptera sparsa Stål, 1857</p><p>http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera .speciesfile.org:TaxonName:8151</p><p>Distribution: Arabian Peninsula, Canary Islands, Palestine, Socotra, Morocco, Western Sahara and most of Africa south of the 15°N line of latitude (Ragge 1956; 1980).</p><p>Ecology &amp; Biology. A species with a broad ecological niche found in all kind of habitats with bushes and trees from the coast to the montane zone of mountains. In the East Usambara Mountains P. sparsa prefers clearings and ruderal vegetation, e.g. along roadsides.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A3881C9005F43BFF28AA3CFDC3F9E6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hemp, Claudia	Hemp, Claudia (2013): Annotated list of Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera) from the East Usambara Mountains Tanzania and new Tettigoniidae species from East Africa. Zootaxa 3737 (4): 301-350, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3737.4.1
03A3881C9005F43BFF28A95BFCA8F860.text	03A3881C9005F43BFF28A95BFCA8F860.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Plangia graminea Serville 1839	<div><p>Plangia graminea Serville, 1839</p><p>http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera .speciesfile.org:TaxonName:9852</p><p>Distribution: Wide-spread in tropical Africa (Hemp 2013a).</p><p>Habitat: Hemp (2005); Hemp (2013a). Canopy dweller.</p><p>Song: A single loud chirp heard in the evening hours from large trees.</p><p>Remarks: The entomological collection of the zoological museum Copenhagen holds a female of Plangia graminea caught in Amani at 1000 m resembling exactly the specimens found on Mt Kilimanjaro. Specimens from other areas of Africa show a great morphological variability.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A3881C9005F43BFF28A95BFCA8F860	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hemp, Claudia	Hemp, Claudia (2013): Annotated list of Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera) from the East Usambara Mountains Tanzania and new Tettigoniidae species from East Africa. Zootaxa 3737 (4): 301-350, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3737.4.1
03A3881C900AF434FF28AD8EFCC4FC1B.text	03A3881C900AF434FF28AD8EFCC4FC1B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Acauloplax exigua Karsch 1891	<div><p>Acauloplax exigua Karsch, 1891</p><p>http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera .speciesfile.org:TaxonName:7406</p><p>Distribution: Central, East Africa and south-east Africa (Hemp 2013a).</p><p>Ecology &amp; Biology: Adults throughout the year, common species in the submontane zone on Mt Kilimanjaro (Hemp 2013a).</p><p>Habitat: Hemp (2005); Hemp (2013a). Canopy dweller of coastal, lowland and submontane forests in northeastern Tanzania. Plantation belt on Mt Kilimanjaro from the colline to submontane zone.</p><p>Song: Low cricket-like series of chirps heard after sunset.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A3881C900AF434FF28AD8EFCC4FC1B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hemp, Claudia	Hemp, Claudia (2013): Annotated list of Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera) from the East Usambara Mountains Tanzania and new Tettigoniidae species from East Africa. Zootaxa 3737 (4): 301-350, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3737.4.1
03A3881C900AF434FF28AB3CFC3AF96B.text	03A3881C900AF434FF28AB3CFC3AF96B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cymatomerella Beier	<div><p>Genus Cymatomerella Beier</p><p>http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera .speciesfile.org:TaxonName:4400</p><p>The genus Cymatomerella at present contains three species and is restricted to eastern Africa. It is distinguished from the very similar species of the genus Cymatomera by the venation of the tegmina. In Cymatomera R and Sc are contiguous, while in Cymatomerella both veins are running in parallel for most of their length but are clearly separated from each other, connected by numerous short side veins.</p><p>Cymatomerella are medium sized, brownish coloured pseudophyllids which resemble bark or lichens on trees. The body has a pattern of dark and lighter patches. The head as seen from above is roundish. The fastigium verticis is longer than the margins of the scapi and sulcate. The scapus is armed with a blunt process. The pronotum is flat on its disk, slightly raised in the metazona and its surface is almost smooth. Lateral on the pronotal disk there are two or several tubercles. The lateral edges of the posterior margin of the pronotum are uplifted with a round posterior margin. The lateral lobes of the pronotum are shallow and almost double as long as deep. Cymatomerella are fully alate species. The tegmina are rugose, Sc and R are well separated along the whole course and connected by short veins. The crossveins of the alae are brown. The fore femora are somewhat expanded, the dorsal margin with a series of flanges. The abdomen shows a pattern of dark and lighter stripes. The supra-anal plate is longer than wide and the anterior margin is broadly rounded. The male subgenital plate is stick-like elongated distally, with small and short styli. The female subgenital plate is distally narrowing, the posterior margin deeply incised. The ovipositor is very stout at its distal end and moderately up-curved.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A3881C900AF434FF28AB3CFC3AF96B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hemp, Claudia	Hemp, Claudia (2013): Annotated list of Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera) from the East Usambara Mountains Tanzania and new Tettigoniidae species from East Africa. Zootaxa 3737 (4): 301-350, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3737.4.1
03A3881C900AF434FF28A9CBFA8FF83E.text	03A3881C900AF434FF28A9CBFA8FF83E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cymatomerella muta Beier 1954	<div><p>Cymatomerella muta Beier, 1954</p><p>http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera .speciesfile.org:TaxonName:4410</p><p>Distribution: Eastern Africa (Uganda, Tanzania, Kenya, Somalia).</p><p>Habitat: Common in coastal forest of southern Kenya and Tanzania.</p><p>Remarks. Several individuals were obtained by FRONTIER in January/ February 1991. Orthoptera collected during this project are stored in the spirit collection of the zoological museum Copenhagen. C. muta was also caught in the Kazimzumbwi Forest Reserve, Kisarawe District of coastal Tanzania near Dar es Salaam.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A3881C900AF434FF28A9CBFA8FF83E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hemp, Claudia	Hemp, Claudia (2013): Annotated list of Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera) from the East Usambara Mountains Tanzania and new Tettigoniidae species from East Africa. Zootaxa 3737 (4): 301-350, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3737.4.1
03A3881C900AF434FF28AFB7FD5EFDE4.text	03A3881C900AF434FF28AFB7FD5EFDE4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parapyrrhicia zanzibarica Brunner	<div><p>Parapyrrhicia zanzibarica Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891</p><p>http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera .speciesfile.org:TaxonName:10859</p><p>Distribution: Tanzania, East Usambara, Uluguru and Nguru Mountains, south Tanzania near Lake Malawi (Ragge 1980). Coastal Tanzania.</p><p>Ecology &amp; Biology: P. zanzibarica specimens were shaken from understory trees along the Zigi Trail at the foothills of the East Usambara Mountains in March 2012. In December 2011 only some nymphs were found at the same locality.</p><p>Habitat: Coastal, lowland and submontane forest.</p><p>Remarks: The spirit collection of the zoological museum in Copenhagen holds specimens of this species from the Bagamoyo District, Laraminge-Kiono (swamp) and the Kisarawe district, Kazimzumbwi forest reserve near Dar es Salaam collected by FRONTIER Tanzania.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A3881C900AF434FF28AFB7FD5EFDE4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hemp, Claudia	Hemp, Claudia (2013): Annotated list of Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera) from the East Usambara Mountains Tanzania and new Tettigoniidae species from East Africa. Zootaxa 3737 (4): 301-350, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3737.4.1
03A3881C900AF434FF28AD4EFE79FD45.text	03A3881C900AF434FF28AD4EFE79FD45.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudophyllinae	<div><p>Subfamily Pseudophyllinae</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A3881C900AF434FF28AD4EFE79FD45	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hemp, Claudia	Hemp, Claudia (2013): Annotated list of Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera) from the East Usambara Mountains Tanzania and new Tettigoniidae species from East Africa. Zootaxa 3737 (4): 301-350, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3737.4.1
03A3881C900BF436FF28AFB7FEDFFD16.text	03A3881C900BF436FF28AFB7FEDFFD16.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cymatomerella pardopunctata Hemp	<div><p>Cymatomerella pardopunctata Hemp n. sp. (Fig. 29 A–D)</p><p>http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera .speciesfile.org:TaxonName:180014</p><p>Holotype male, Tanzania, East Usambara Mountains, Amani, 1000 m, January–February 1971, leg. O. Lomholdt &amp; O. Martin, depository ZMUC.</p><p>Paratypes.— 1 female nymph, same data as holotype.</p><p>Description.—Male. General pattern of black dots and patches on yellowish ground (Fig. 29 A). Head and antennae.— Face with numerous black dots and contorted black fascia above labrum; labrum black (Fig. 29 D). Antennae more than 2 times longer than body length, with large scapi; black with irregular yellow markings along whole length. Fastigium verticis conical, as long as margin of scapi when seen from above and narrower than width of one scapus. Eyes typical for genus, small, almost round. Thorax.— Pronotum with median carina; elongate, constricted at sulci, so that mesozona is conspicuous less wide than pro- and metazona (Fig. 29 B). Prozona laterally with two tubercles, medially on anterior margin with shallow tubercle. Metazona at posterior margin also with equally shaped and positioned pair of tubercles as on prozona. Posterior margin of pronotum at both side raised, with median keel at posterior margin (Fig. 29 B). Colour pattern of pronotum consisting of numerous black small dots of different sizes on yellowish ground. Tegmina long and oval, with coarse venation; main veins of bright light to yellow colour, while areas between veins of smoky colour. Legs.— Femora flattened, carinated above (on hind femur only anterior part with carina), and irregularly crenate-dentate below, lower parts of femora with lobes; lobes of femora hairy. Abdomen.— Abdominal tergites black with posterior margins yellow, thus showing a “hymenopteran” colour pattern. Last abdominal tergite shiny black, posterior margin raised where cerci are located, medial with straight margin. Cerci stout, brown and at tips inwardly curved. Tips of light colour, cream to white (Fig. 29 C). Whole cerci strongly hairy. Subgenital plate typical for genus, elongated with bifurcate ends and with well developed styli (Fig. 29 C).</p><p>Female.—Adult female unknown; female nymph as in Fig. 29 A.</p><p>Measurements, male (mm) (N = 1). Body length (including subgenital plate) 38. Length of pronotum 7.5. Length of elytra 45. Length of hind femur 18.</p><p>Diagnosis.— C. pardopunctata n. sp. is easily distinguished from all other species of Cymatomerella by the colour pattern and the shape of the pronotum. While all other known species show a pattern of light and dark brown colours, C. pardopunctata n. sp. is much darker in its general appearance (Fig. 29 A). The pronotum wears laterally on its disk two pairs of large tubercles on pro- and metazona and the mesozona is constricted and much narrower than pro- and metazona. In C. spilophora Walker the pronotum is not as rugose and constricted laterally at its pronotal disk and the tubercles are shallow and not as conspicuous. In C. muta the pronotum is also not as elongated and much broader as in C. pardopunctata n. sp. The pronotum in C. muta is less rugose with only the first pair of tubercles on the prozona well developed while the tubercles on the metazona are very shallow and almost reduced. In C. spilophora the pronotal sternites are of the same colour as the body (brown) while in C. pardopunctata n. sp., C. muta and C. excisa Kevan the sternites are black. In C. excisa the anterior margin of the prontoum is excised while it is broadly rounded in C. spilophora, wearing a pair of small tuberlces in C. muta and the anterior margin of the pronotum is also broadly rounded with a pair of narrow tubercles in C. pardopunctata n. sp. In all species where the male is known (unknown in C. excisa) the subgenital plate is of light colour while is deep and shiny black in C. pardopunctata n. sp.</p><p>Habitat: Collected at 1000 m near Amani where the specimens were probably taken from submontane evergreen forest.</p><p>Remarks: Not regarded as East Usambara endemic since it is a fully alate species and probably occurs also in coastal habitats.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A3881C900BF436FF28AFB7FEDFFD16	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hemp, Claudia	Hemp, Claudia (2013): Annotated list of Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera) from the East Usambara Mountains Tanzania and new Tettigoniidae species from East Africa. Zootaxa 3737 (4): 301-350, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3737.4.1
03A3881C9008F436FF28AC0AFE52FBFB.text	03A3881C9008F436FF28AC0AFE52FBFB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cymatomera Schaum	<div><p>Genus Cymatomera Schaum</p><p>http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera .speciesfile.org:TaxonName:4413</p><p>Six species of Cymatomera are known occurring in West, South West and East tropical Africa. C. denticollis Schaum and C. paradoxa Gerstäcker occur in Tanzania. As given above Cymatomera and Cymatomerella are best distinguished by the venation of the tegmina. In Cymatomera both veins run in parallel closely attached to each other along their whole length, while in Cymatomerella these veins are clearly separated and connected by numerous short crossveins.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A3881C9008F436FF28AC0AFE52FBFB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hemp, Claudia	Hemp, Claudia (2013): Annotated list of Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera) from the East Usambara Mountains Tanzania and new Tettigoniidae species from East Africa. Zootaxa 3737 (4): 301-350, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3737.4.1
03A3881C9008F431FF28ABA5FEE0FD6A.text	03A3881C9008F431FF28ABA5FEE0FD6A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cymatomera viridimaculata Hemp	<div><p>Cymatomera viridimaculata Hemp n. sp. (Fig. 30, Fig. 31 A–D)</p><p>http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera .speciesfile.org:TaxonName:180015</p><p>Holotype.—male, Tanzania, Mt Kilimanjaro, Lake Chala, 1000 m, Mai 2012. Depository: ZMHB.</p><p>Paratypes.— 2 males, Kenya, Tsavo West, Kilaguni, November/ December 1980, leg. P. H. Ward, depository: BMNH; 1 male, Kenya, Masongaleni, November 1919, leg. T. J. Anderson, depository: BMNH; 1 male, without label, depository: BMNH. 1 female, Kenya, Kibwezi, Mai 1926, leg. W. Feather, depository: BMNH; 1 female, Kenya, Kibwezi, July 1921, 3000 ft., leg. Dummer, depository: BMNH; 1 female, Tanzania, W shore of Lake Manyara. February–May 1935, leg. B Cooper, depository: BMNH. 2 males, 1 nymph, same data as holotype, depository: collection C. Hemp.</p><p>Description.—Male. General colour pattern of tegmina brown patches on greenish ground, body and legs light brown with some darker brown patches on the legs (Fig. 30). Head and antennae.—Antenna more than 2 times longer than body length. Light brown with lighter brown rings along whole length. Fastigium verticis elongated, broad at base, narrowing towards its tip, slightly sulcate; tip also sulcate; longer than scapi when viewed from above. Eyes small, round. Thorax.— Anterior margin of pronotum medially with vertical oriented ridge; parallel to flange pair of processes on both sides of ridge. Laterally on disk of prozona another pair of tubercles. Mesozona constricted and narrower than pro- and metazona. Posterior margin of pronotum raised with three processes at both edges of which the anterior two processes are longer but stout and the inner one a short knob; medially on posterior margin another vertically ridge or flange (Fig. 31 A). Legs.— Femora flattened, carinated above and irregularly crenate-dentate below, so that lower parts of femora with lobes; lobes of femora hairy (Fig. 30). Upper part of mid femur also expanded with irregular lobes. Fore and mid tibiae slightly flattened with double row of short, stout spines ventrally. Hind tibiae only with few very short ventral spinules. Abdomen.— Abdominal tergites brown. Posterior margin of last abdominal tergite broadly incurved. Cerci slender, tips sclerotized and inwardly curved. Subgenital plate elongated but medially not divided into lobes but with two well developed styli (Fig. 31 B, D).</p><p>Female.—General colouration of tegmina not as green as in male but more light and dark brown colours. Subgenital plate broad, broadly v-shaped incised at posterior margin (Fig. 31 C). Ovipositor stout and slightly inflated at base, short and slightly up-curved.</p><p>Measurements, males (mm) (N = 5). Body length 19–23. Length of pronotum 4.5–5.2. Length of elytra 35–37. Length of hind femur 9.5–11.</p><p>Measurements, females (mm) (N = 3). Body length 24–26. Length of pronotum 6.0–7.0. Length of elytra 36– 45. Length of hind femur 12–13. Ovipositor 11.5–12.5.</p><p>Diagnosis.—An easy character differentiating C. viridimaculata n. sp. males is the overall colour pattern. All other known Cymatomera species show either a grey-white pattern resembling lichens ( C. pallidipes Brunner), or a pattern of brown and lighter brown patches camouflaging them perfectly on tree bark. Male C. viridimaculata n. sp. specimens have greenish tegmina with patches of darker and lighter brown colours. As typical for the East African species of Cymatomera the hind edges of the posterior margin of the pronotum have spines, differentiating these species from species occurring in West Africa ( C. pallidipes, C. chopardi Naskrecki and C. argillata Karsch). C. denticollis Schaum has no vertically flanges or ridges medially on pro- and metazona, characterizing and differentiating this species from all other East African Cymatomera species. C. spinosa Brunner has only a low ridge vertically on pro- and metazona and the upper part of this ridge is carina-like, not differentiated into single dents while in C. viridimaculata n. sp. and C. paradoxa Gerstäcker these ridges are higher and differentiated into several dents. Especially the flange on the posterior margin of the pronotum is large and often anteriorly enlarged wearing a number of dents along its upper margin. The females of C. paradoxa and C. viridimaculata n. sp. are morphologically very similar, both species having short ovipositors and a similar colour pattern. The posterior flange on the pronotum sometimes is not as elongated and large and thus similar to the rather weak developed flange in C. viridifasciata n. sp. However, the subgenital plate is more evenly roundly incised posteriorly in C. paradoxa while it is v-shaped incised in C. viridimaculata n. sp. C. denticollis females may be distinguished by their abdominal pattern of black and orange stripes (similar also in C. paradoxa) while C. viridimaculata n. sp. females are more uniformly coloured, the abdominal tergites being dark brown with beige posterior margins and thus not as contrasting as in the other two species occurring in East Africa.</p><p>Habitat: Tree savanna in the colline zone of east Kilimanjaro and Tsavo West.</p><p>Remarks: Erronously listed as Cymatomerella sp. in Hemp (2013a). In Tsavo West and the savanna around eastern Kilimanjaro various Commiphora species occur with a green bark (e.g. C. baluensis, C. africana, C. edulis, family Burseraceae). The specimen from Kilimanjaro was collected from Boswellia neglecta (Burseraceae), a savanna tree also with a green bark, being perfectly camouflaged on this tree species. Maybe the colour pattern of C. viridimaculata n. sp. is an adaption of life on a green bark, typical for the area in which this species was recorded up to now.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A3881C9008F431FF28ABA5FEE0FD6A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hemp, Claudia	Hemp, Claudia (2013): Annotated list of Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera) from the East Usambara Mountains Tanzania and new Tettigoniidae species from East Africa. Zootaxa 3737 (4): 301-350, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3737.4.1
03A3881C900FF431FF28ADDCFA04F811.text	03A3881C900FF431FF28ADDCFA04F811.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zabalius ophthalmicus (Walker 1869) Walker 1869	<div><p>Zabalius ophthalmicus (Walker, 1869)</p><p>http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera .speciesfile.org:TaxonName:5828</p><p>Distribution: Tropical Africa.</p><p>Ecology &amp; Biology: Canopy dweller. Adults found from September to March on Mt Kilimanjaro. Heard singing at night along the Zigi Trail in the East Usambara Mountains and collected from broad-leaved tree. Habitat: Hemp (2013a). Costal forest, lowland to submontane forests in East Africa.</p><p>Species Kili EUS L, Z/Hab En Conocephalinae, Agraeciini</p><p>Afroagraecia brachyptera Hemp, 2013 X Bl, sm X Afroagraecia pwania n. sp. X Bl, Lf Afroanthracites montium Sjöstedt, 1909 X Tl, sm-m X Afroanthracites viridis n. sp. X Tl, Lf-sm X Hetrodinae</p><p>Eugasteroides loricatus (Gerstaecker, 1869) X Bl, c Spalacomimus stettinensis Weidner, 1941 X Bl, c Spalacomimus talpa (Gerstäcker, 1869) X Bl, c-sm Spalacomimus verruciferus (Karsch, 1887) X Bl, c Hexacentrinae</p><p>Aerotegmina kilimandjarica Hemp, 2001 X Tl, sm-m Meconematinae</p><p>Afrophisis flagellata n. sp. X Tl, sm X Afrophisis pseudoflagellata n. sp. X Tl, sm X Afrophisis tanzanica Jin &amp; Kevan, 1991 X Tl, Lf-sm X Amytta kilimandjarica Hemp, 2001 X Tl, m X Amytta olindo Hemp, 2001 X Hl, sm X ......continued on the next page</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A3881C900FF431FF28ADDCFA04F811	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hemp, Claudia	Hemp, Claudia (2013): Annotated list of Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera) from the East Usambara Mountains Tanzania and new Tettigoniidae species from East Africa. Zootaxa 3737 (4): 301-350, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3737.4.1
