identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03A3B84BFFA3FFB1FF15B270FC5371F0.text	03A3B84BFFA3FFB1FF15B270FC5371F0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alaptus (Hal.) Westwood 1839	<div><p>Alaptus Westwood, 1839</p><p>Alaptus Westwood 1839: 116 (key, etymology [footnote]), 119 (diagnosis), 120 (mentioned), 144. Type species: Alaptus minimus Westwood, by monotypy.</p><p>Alaptus Westwood: Walker 1846: 49 (key), 50 (short diagnosis); Foerster 1856: 120 (brief diagnosis); Dalla Torre 1898: 428 (catalog); Perkins 1905: 197 (diagnosis); Girault 1908: 179 –182 (history, distribution, host associations, diagnosis), 193– 194 (key); Girault 1910: 244 (list of species, discussion); Girault 1911b: 323 (list of North American species); Girault 1912: 126 –127 (key to Australian species); Girault 1929: 9 –10 (key to North American species, brief diagnosis); Soyka 1937: 74 –75 (overview); Soyka 1939a: 17 (overview); Soyka 1939b: 30 (key to European species), 31 (list of non- European species); Debauche 1948: 53 –56 (diagnosis, discussion, list of, and key to European species); Soyka 1948: 74 – 75 (key to females of European species); Debauche 1949: 9 –10 (diagnosis, key to African species); Soyka 1949: 12 –13, 15 (placed in family Alaptidae within superfamily Alaptoidea); Kryger 1950: 29 (key), 31–33 (nomenclatural history, diagnosis, remarks); Nikol’skaya 1952: 540 (key); Hincks 1959: 138 –139 (historical review, diagnosis), 140–141 (key); Annecke &amp; Doutt 1961: 9 (short diagnosis, distribution, comments); New 1969: 181 –192 (biology); Hellén 1974: 14 (diagnosis, key to species in Finland); Trjapitzin 1978: 521, 523 (key to European species); Schauff 1984: 42 –43 (diagnosis, comments); Noyes &amp; Valentine 1989: 21 –22 (diagnosis); Yoshimoto 1990: 23 –24 (synonymy, diagnosis, list of New World species); Beardsley &amp; Huber 2000b: 5 –7 (brief diagnosis, key to Hawaiian species); Triapitsyn &amp; Huber 2000: 612 (remarks); Lin et al. 2007: 20 –21 (synonyms, brief diagnosis, list of Australian species); Huber 2009a: 235 (key); Huber 2009b: 18 –19 (short diagnosis); Huber et al. 2009: 284 (brief comments); Pricop 2010b: 92 (list of nominal species from Europe); Anwar &amp; Zeya 2014: 31 –32 (brief diagnosis and key to Indian species).</p><p>Parvulinus García Mercet 1912: 332 –333. Type species: Parvulinus auranti García Mercet, by monotypy. Synonymized under Alaptus by Girault 1913a: 221.</p><p>Metalaptus Malenotti 1917: 339 –340. Type species: Metalaptus torquatus Malenotti, by monotypy. Synonymized under Alaptus by Girault 1917: 1 and then listed under Alaptus by Debauche 1948: 53, 55 and Debauche 1949: 9.</p><p>Metalaptus Malenotti: Malenotti 1918: 81 (diagnosis).</p><p>Parvulinus Mercet: Nikol’skaya 1952: 540 (key).</p><p>Alaptus (Parvulinus) Mercet: Thompson 1958: 565.</p><p>Diagnosis. Both sexes: body very small (much less than 1 mm long), length of slide-mounted specimens (excluding the exserted part of ovipositor in females) 0.18–0.68 mm; mandible 2-dentate; fore wing posterior margin with a basal incision (as in Fig. 129); tarsi 5-segmented; mesosoma sessile, mesophragma strongly projecting into gaster, midlobe of mesoscutum usually with a pair of adnotaular setae. Female: antenna almost always with funicle 5-segmented and clava entire, except rarely funicle with a minute sixth segment (F2) in some specimens from the Australasian and Oriental regions, as noted by Lin et al. (2007) and illustrated by Anwar et al. (2015) for A. indicus Anwar &amp; Zeya. Male: antenna with flagellum 8-segmented.</p><p>Mandibles are usually not enlarged in Alaptus except in one undescribed species from Bella Vista, Buenos Aires Province of Argentina, in which they are very large (Fig. 1). I have examined 4 females and 1 male in MLPA, mounted on 3 slides (collected on 20.xii.1963 and 25.xii.1963 most likely by A.A. Ogloblin, and labeled by him as “Huevos de Psocides Tronco Eucalyptus ” [eggs of psocids Eucalyptus stem] under his manuscript name “ Alaptus mandibularis ”.</p><p>Species recognition in this diverse genus outside of Europe and also perhaps the Nearctic region is usually quite difficult (most taxa were described without providing proper diagnoses and not in a revisionary context); of diagnostic importance are body size and color, proportions of the antennal segments, chaetotaxy on the fore wing, and ovipositor length. But because of often a considerable intraspecific variation in some of them, there are not too many good diagnostic characters to help separate some similar species of Alaptus . Good quality specimen preparation on microscopic slides is almost always required for accurate identification of these minute wasps. In Europe, however, with experience the most common species may be generally recognized from properly critical point-dried and card- or point-mounted specimens.</p><p>Classification. Alaptus is a readily recognizable genus in the Palaearctic region, so any appropriate generic key to the Mymaridae can be used for its identification: Annecke &amp; Doutt (1961) for the world genera, Schauff (1984) for the Holarctic genera, Triapitsyn &amp; Huber (2000) for the Palaearctic genera, and Pricop (2013) for females of the European genera. Long after Perkins (1912) based his subfamily Alaptinae (within family Alaptidae) on Alaptus, Viggiani (1989) placed it in the mymarid subfamily Mymarinae, tribe Alaptini Perkins, based solely on the structure of male genitalia, but later Lin et al. (2007) and Huber (2009a) treated it as a member of the informal Alaptus group of genera.</p><p>Distribution. Cosmopolitan.</p><p>Hosts. See New (1969), Huber (1986), Triapitsyn (2002), and Noyes (2016). The reliable host records of Alaptus spp. are from eggs of various Psocoptera (Enock 1895, 1915; Bakkendorf 1934; Ghesquière 1939; Kryger 1950; Hincks 1959, 1960; New 1969; Huber 1986; Viggiani &amp; Jesu 1988; etc.). All other, non-psocopteran, host records need confirmation and are almost certainly incorrect due to inadequate rearing methods, particularly those from various Coccoidea ( Hemiptera) on plant material placed in rearing cages; these are not considered in this review and are therefore purposely omitted. Other aspects of biology of Alaptus species are mostly unknown except for a few European species (e.g., New 1969; Broadhead &amp; Cheke 1975; Cheke 1977) and one Nearctic species (Spruyt 1927); although, based on the analysis of the known host records, its seems that at least some of the species tend to be oligophagous or even polyphagous within an ecological niche: those parasitizing psocid eggs on leaves do not generally parasitize those on bark and vice versa (New 1969).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A3B84BFFA3FFB1FF15B270FC5371F0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Serguei V. Triapitsyn	Serguei V. Triapitsyn (2017): Revision of Alaptus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in the Holarctic region, with taxonomic notes on some extralimital species. Zootaxa 4279 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4279.1.1
03A3B84BFFADFFB9FF15B274FB1D7068.text	03A3B84BFFADFFB9FF15B274FB1D7068.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alaptus eriococci Girault 1908	<div><p>Alaptus eriococci Girault, 1908</p><p>(Figs 13–20)</p><p>Alaptus eriococci Girault 1908: 191 –194. Type locality: Los Angeles, Los Angeles Co., California, USA. Alaptus eriococci Girault: Girault 1929: 10 (key); Soyka 1939b: 31 (list); Peck 1963: 27 (catalog).</p><p>Type material examined. Lectotype female [USNM], here designated to avoid ambiguity regarding the identity of this species and its type specimens, on a short slide (Fig. 13) labeled: 1. “ Alaptus eriococci n. sp. Girault 1908. 6 ♂, 2 ♀ Bred from Rhizococcus araucaria . Sept. 3, 1887. 45 [in pencil]”, 2. “Type ♀♂”, 3. [USNM bar code] “USNMENT 01049126”. The lectotype (Fig. 14, circled on top of the coverslip in black ink) is in good condition, complete, mounted laterally under the same coverslip with 1 female and 6 male paralectotypes. Paralectotypes (Figs 16, 17) [all on slides, USNM]: 1 ♀, 6 ♂: the above-mentioned specimens on the lectotype slide; 1 ♂: “ Alaptus eriococci Girault 1♂ 11937 Bred from Aspidiotus aurantii . (San Gabriel var.) In Los Angeles, Cal. Sept. 9, 1887 26 [in pencil]”; 2 ♀, 1 ♂: “ Alaptus eriococci Girault n. sp. 1908 2 ♀, 1 ♂ Bred from Rhizococcus araucariae Maskell Aug. 30, 1887 41. [in pencil]”; 1 ♀, 2 ♂: “ Alaptus eriococci Girault 1 ♂, 1 ♀ 11937 Bred from Rhizococcus araucaria . Sept. 1, 1887. 28 [in pencil]”; 1 ♀, 9 ♂: “Mymarid [in pencil] Alaptus eriococci Girault 9 ♂, 1 ♀ Bred from Rhizococcus araucaria . Sept. 2, 1887. 51 [in pencil]”; 2 ♀, 1 ♂: “ Alaptus eriococci Girault 1 ♂, 2 ♀ 11937 Bred from Rhizococcus araucaria Aug. 30, 1887. 43 [in pencil]”; 3 ♂ on separate slides: “ Alaptus eriococci Girault [followed by “ n. sp. ” or “1908” on two of these] 1♂ 11937 Bred from Rhizococcus araucaria . Aug. 29, 1887.” [numbers “36”, “38”, and “44” in pencil].</p><p>Material examined. BERMUDA [ISLANDS]: Bermuda Island, Paget Parish, 1.vi.1947 (“ Host - Diaspis visci ”) [3 ♀, 3 ♂, MLPA] . USA: CALIFORNIA: Los Angeles Co., Pomona, R.E. Campbell: 24.ii.1913 [4 ♂, UCRC] ; 26.ii.1913 [2 ♂, EMEC]. Mendocino Co., Hopland: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-123.098335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.968613" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -123.098335/lat 38.968613)">Campovida Vineyard</a>, 38°58’07’’N 123°05’54’’W, 151 m, 21.i–3.ii.2014, H. Wilson: on Quercus agrifolia [1 ♀, UCRC] ; on Salix sp. [1 ♀, UCRC]. Fetzer Vineyard, 38°59’22’’N 123°06’15’’W, 153 m, H. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-123.104164&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.989445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -123.104164/lat 38.989445)">Wilson</a>: 21.i–29.i.2014, on Prunus sp. [1 ♀, UCRC] ; 21.i–30.i.2014, on Baccharis pilularis [1 ♀, UCRC]; 21.i–1.ii.2014, on Vitis californica [1 ♀, UCRC]. Orange Co., Santa Ana, 16– 21.x.1912, R.K. Bishop (“ Ex Psocid eggs On Araucaria excelsa”) [12 ♂, UCRC] . Riverside Co.: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-117.21667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.65" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -117.21667/lat 33.65)">Menifee Valley</a> (hills on W end), 33°39’N 117°13’W, 508 m, 30.iv–13.v.1981, J.D. Pinto [2 ♂, UCRC] . Riverside, 20.xi.1933, S.E. Flanders (on Eriogonum sp.) [1 ♀, EMEC] . San Bernardino Co., Lake Arrowhead, viii.1974, J.M. Wenz (under pine) [2 ♀, USNM] . Ventura Co., Ventura, S.E. Flanders: 4.xii.1932 (on cypress) [6 ♀, 3 ♂, EMEC] ; 10.xi.1933 [1 ♀, 1 ♂, EMEC]; 18.xi.1933 (on cypress) [3 ♂, EMEC]; 28.xi.1933 [1 ♀, 1 ♂, EMEC]; 11.xii.1933 (on cypress) [4 ♀, 1 ♂, EMEC]. FLORIDA, Dade Co., Miami, Charles Deering Estate park, SW 167 St. &amp; 72 Ave., 26.viii– 11.xii.1986, S. &amp; J. Peck [1 ♂, CNC] .</p><p>Extralimital material examined. BRAZIL: RIO DE JANEIRO, Seropédica, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, 12.vii.1962, P. DeBach (in “ Pinnaspis strachani Cooley ” material) [1 ♀, UCRC].</p><p>Redescription. FEMALE (lectotype). Head and mesosoma dark brown, gaster brown; antenna brown, legs light brown to brown.</p><p>Antenna (Fig. 15) shorter than body; scape (including radicle) 5.6× as long as wide, almost smooth; funicle short, F1 shorter than pedicel and the shortest funicle segment, F2 the longest funicle segment and about 2.5× as long as wide, F3–F5 subequal in length, F5 the widest funicle segment; clava 3.7× as long as wide, apparently with 4 mps, almost as long as combined length of F2–F5.</p><p>Fore wing (Fig. 14) 10.9× as long as wide; disc slightly infumate and bare except for 3 setae in a median row and the admarginal rows; longest marginal seta about 5.1× maximum wing width. Hind wing about 15× as long as wide; disc more strongly infumate, with 1 row of setae closer to posterior margin; longest marginal seta 6.2× maximum wing width.</p><p>Ovipositor (Fig. 14) not exserted beyond apex of gaster, occupying about 0.5× its length, and 0.8× length of metatibia.</p><p>Measurements of the lectotype (µm). Body 382; head 91; mesosoma 152; gaster 167; ovipositor 100. Antenna: scape (including radicle) 88; pedicel 33; F1 18; F2 23; F3 21; F4 21; F5 22; clava 89. Fore wing 327:30; longest marginal seta 152. Hind wing 318:21; longest marginal seta 130.</p><p>Variation (paralectotypes). Body length 312–437 µm; scape (including radicle) 3.7–4.7× as long as wide; clava 3.4–3.6× as long as wide and often as long as combined length of F3–F5 plus about half length of F2; fore wing 9.7–11.7× as long as wide, disc with 1–3 setae in a median row, longest marginal seta 4.5–5.3× maximum wing width; hind wing 16–17× as long as wide; ovipositor 0.8–0.9× length of metatibia.</p><p>MALE (paralectotypes). Body length 283–412 µm. Similar to female except for normal sexually dimorphic features and the following. Antenna (Fig. 18) with scape 3.7–4.2× as long as wide, flagellar segments short, F1 shorter than pedicel, F2 slightly longer than F1. Fore wing (Fig. 19) 9.2–10.8× as long as wide; disc with 2–5 setae in a median row. Gaster often dark brown; genitalia (Fig. 20) length 48–55 µm.</p><p>Diagnosis. Females of A. eriococci are extremely similar to those of A. schmitzi Soyka that have 1–3 setae in an incomplete median row on the fore wing disc. These two nominal species are separated in the key based on some minor differences in the proportions of the scape of the female antenna and their geographical distribution, but there is a chance that they might be conspecific. I am reluctant, however, to synonymize them here without having at hand any supporting molecular or biological data.</p><p>Distribution. Nearctic: Bermuda * and USA; Neotropical: Brazil *.</p><p>Hosts. Unidentified Psocoptera.</p><p>Comments. I have also examined the following specimens that differ somewhat from the typical A. eriococci, particularly the females (Fig. 21) having a relatively longer ovipositor and usually more setae in the median row on the fore wing disc, but that is just not quite enough to justify description of a new species; thus, for the present they are tentatively assigned to this species. USA: CALIFORNIA: Mendocino Co., Fetzer-Sundial Vineyard, 13231 Old River Rd., 38°59’22’’N 123°06’15’’W, 153 m, collected 17.ii.2014, emerged 28.ii.2014, H. Wilson (from unknown host on alder, Alnus sp.) [1 ♀, UCRC]. Santa Barbara Co.: Montecito, 2.vii.1975 (“Suction Trap oak-woodland”) 28.xi.1974 [1 ♂, EMEC]. Santa Barbara ([in R.L. Doutt’s handwriting] “suction trap oak woodland”): 28.xi.1974 [3 ♀, 2 ♂, EMEC]; 29.xi.1974 [5 ♀, 6 ♂, EMEC]; 30.xi.1974 [2 ♀, 3 ♂, EMEC]. Ventura Co., Saticoy, 6.xii.1934, S.E. Flanders (on apple) [1 ♀, EMEC]. Descriptive notes are provided below to facilitate their recognition. FEMALE. Body length 340–410 µm. Body dark brown except mesosoma lighter laterally; appendages brown.</p><p>Antenna shorter than body; scape (including radicle) 4.4–5.0× as long as wide, slightly longitudinally striate; F1 much shorter than pedicel and as long as F4 and F5, F2 the longest funicle segment and about 3× as long as wide, F3 slightly shorter than F2 and slightly longer than F4, F4 and F5 the widest funicle segments; clava 3.0–3.6× as long as wide, apparently with 4 mps, a little shorter than combined length of F2–F5 or occasionally about as long as combined length of F3–F5. Fore wing 9.6–10.0× as long as wide; disc slightly infumate and with a row of 3–8 setae in a median row besides the admarginal rows; longest marginal seta about 5.1× maximum wing width. Hind wing about 14× as long as wide; disc a little more strongly infumate, with 1 row of short setae closer to posterior margin; longest marginal seta 5.2× maximum wing width. Gaster longer than mesosoma; ovipositor not exserted beyond apex of gaster, occupying about 0.6× its length, and 1.1–1.2× length of metatibia. MALE. Body length 340–400 µm. Antenna with scape 3.4–4.2× as long as wide, Fl shorter than pedicel, F2 a little longer than F1. Fore wing 9.1–10.0× as long as wide, with 3–9 setae in a median row. Genitalia length 73–76 µm.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A3B84BFFADFFB9FF15B274FB1D7068	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Serguei V. Triapitsyn	Serguei V. Triapitsyn (2017): Revision of Alaptus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in the Holarctic region, with taxonomic notes on some extralimital species. Zootaxa 4279 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4279.1.1
03A3B84BFFA8FFA2FF15B598FCF973F8.text	03A3B84BFFA8FFA2FF15B598FCF973F8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alaptus fusculus (Haliday) Haliday in Walker 1846	<div><p>Alaptus fusculus Walker, 1846</p><p>(Figs 2, 22–32, 86)</p><p>Alaptus fusculus Walker 1846: 51 . Type locality: near London, England, UK.</p><p>Anagrus concinnus Walker 1846: 51 (nomen nudum), in part (Triapitsyn 2015).</p><p>Alaptus minimus Walker: Girault 1908: 182 –184 (redescription, in part).</p><p>Alaptus fusculus Walker: Dalla Torre 1898: 428 (catalog); Girault 1908: 184 (list, comments); Kryger 1950: 33 (a good species), 34 (diagnosis, host associations, distribution, in part); Hincks 1959: 138 –139 (historical review), 141 (key), 143 (illustration), 144–145 (type information, diagnosis, host associations, distribution); New 1969: 182 –192 (biology); Cheke 1977: 17 –25 (grooming behavior); Graham 1982: 194 (lectotype designation [as A. fusculus Haliday in Walker]); Viggiani &amp; Jesu 1988: 1020 (distribution in Italy [as A. fusculus Haliday]); Pagliano &amp; Navone 1995: 35 (list); Baquero &amp; Jordana 2002: 77 (measurements), 79 (distribution, host associations), 87, 91 (illustrations); Viggiani 2005: 61 (illustration and description of male genitalia); Huber et al. 2009: 292 (illustration of male genitalia); Pricop 2009: 123 (list); Triapitsyn 2015: 218 (list).</p><p>Alaptus foersteri Soyka 1939a: 18 –19. Type locality (of the lectotype designated below): ulica Gajowicka, Wrocław, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Poland [mentioned in the original description (p. 19) as “Gabitzstr.[asse], Breslau” (collected on a window); incorrectly indicated as Ireland by Hincks (1959) and as Germany by Vidal (2001) and Noyes (2016)]. Synonymized under A. fusculus by Hincks 1959: 144.</p><p>Alaptus extremus Soyka 1939a: 19 –20. Type locality: St. Ignatius Jesuit College (Ignatiuskolleg), Valkenburg, Limburg, Netherlands. Syn. n.</p><p>Alaptus foersteri Soyka: Soyka 1939b: 27 (addition and correction to the original description), 30 (key [as försteri]); Debauche 1948: 55 –56 (list, key), 60–62 (diagnosis of female, remarks), plates V, VII (illustrations); Soyka 1948: 75 (key); Boţoc 1974: 104 (list, illustrations, distribution); Hellén 1974: 14 (key), 15 (diagnosis, distribution); Trjapitzin 1978: 521, 523 (key, distribution); Donev 1985a: 62 (distribution); Donev 1988b: 205 (distribution).</p><p>Alaptus extremus Soyka: Soyka 1939b: 30 (key); Soyka 1948: 75 (key); Lou et al. 1999: 431 (mentioned); Pricop 2010a: 69 –72 (host association, distribution, taxonomic notes (also as A. maximus [sic] and A. foersteri, illustrations).</p><p>Alaptus novickyi Soyka 1948: 72 –73, 75 (key). Type locality: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=12.766666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=53.766666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 12.766666/lat 53.766666)">Jettchenshof</a> [as “ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=12.766666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=53.766666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 12.766666/lat 53.766666)">Jettchens Hof</a> ”; a farm adjacent to the woods, ca. 1 km E of Pisede, ca. 53°46’N 12°46’E, 12 m, formerly in <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=12.766666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=53.766666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 12.766666/lat 53.766666)">Landkreis Demmin</a>], Malchin, Mecklenburgische Seenplatte, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany. Syn. n.</p><p>Alaptus magnus Cheke &amp; Turner 1974: 279 –281. Type locality: Harrogate, North Yorkshire Co., England, UK. Syn. n.</p><p>Alaptus forsteri [sic] Soyka: Donev 1988a: 178 (distribution).</p><p>Alaptus foerstery [sic] Soyka: Donev 1990: 69 (list).</p><p>Type material examined. Alaptus fusculus Walker: lectotype male [NMID], designated by Graham 1982: 194, remounted by Csaba Thuróczy (Kőszeg, Hungary) on a new card (Fig. 86) labeled: 1. [blue] “100”, 2. “ Alaptus fusculus Haliday in Walker, 1846 M. de V. Graham det. 1970 LECTOTYPE ♂ ”, 3. “Remounted by Thuróczy 2005”; next to it (Fig. 86) stands a pin with an empty A. H. Haliday/F. Walker card with number “100” on the bottom (in pencil) and also with two additional, recent labels: “Original label of Alaptus fusculus Walker ” and “Remounted by Thuróczy 2005”. The lectotype has the head plus one antenna detached from the rest of the body; the other antenna (broken in two parts), a pair of wings, and one middle leg are now nicely mounted on a microslide inserted in a card on the same pin.</p><p>Alaptus extremus Soyka: holotype female [NHMW] on slide (Fig. 22) labeled: 1. “ Alaptus extremus (Soyka) Type”, 2. “Valkenburg – Holland Ign. Kolleg – am Fenster 15. October 1931 Coll. et. det. W. Soyka In Canadabalsam.”. The holotype (Fig. 23) is in fair condition although uncleared, mounted laterally, almost complete (the tip of gaster seems to be somewhat collapsed or shriveled, so it appears that the ovipositor is more exserted beyond the apex of gaster—by about 0.15× own total length—than it is likely to be exserted naturally).</p><p>Alaptus foersteri Soyka: lectotype female [NHMW], here designated to avoid the existing confusion regarding status of the type specimens of this taxon, on slide (Fig. 26) labeled: 1. “ Alaptus ♀ foersteri Soyka Type”, 2. [red] “Type”, 3. “Breslau, Gabitzstr. am Fenster August 1933 gef. u. det. W. Soyka In Canadabalsam”. The lectotype (Fig. 25) is in fair condition, mounted laterally, complete; the slide was broken and then glued in its entirety onto another slide. Paralectotypes: 1 male [NHMW] on a broken slide which was then glued in its entirety onto another slide, and labeled: 1. “ Alaptus ♂ foersteri (Soyka) Type”, 2. [red] “Type”, 3. “Malkwitz b. Breslau Mai 1934 W. Soyka In Canadabalsam” (“Malkwitz bei Breslau” in the former Schlesien, Germany is now Małkowice, Gmina Kąty Wrocławskie, Wrocław County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Poland [the place name was changed in 1937 to Waldtal]); 1 male [NHMW] on a broken slide which was then glued in its entirety onto another slide, and labeled: 1. “ Alaptus ♂ foersteri (Soyka) Type”, 2. “Malkwitz b. Breslau Mai 1934 W. Soyka In Canadabalsam”; 1 female [NHMW] on slide labeled: 1. “ Alaptus ♀ foersteri (Soyka) ”, 2. [red] “Co-Type”, 3. “Malkwitz b. Breslau Mai 1934 W. Soyka In Canadabalsam”; 1 female [NHMW] on slide labeled: 1. “ Alaptus ♀ försteri (Soyka) ”, 2. [red] “Co- Type”, 3. “Valkenburg – Holland Kolleg – am Fenster 15. October 1931 Coll. et. det. W. Soyka In Canadab. Sept. 1938 ” (the collecting locality is St. Ignatius Jesuit College (Ignatiuskolleg), Valkenburg, Limburg, the Netherlands); 1 female [NHMW] on slide labeled: 1. “ Alaptus ♀ foersteri Soyka Co-Type ”, 2. “Valkenburg, Holland Ign. Kolleg, am Fenster Juli 1931 coll. et. det. W. Soyka In Canadabalsam”; 1 male [NHMW] on slide labeled: 1. “ Alaptus ♂ foersteri Co-Type ”, 2. [red] “Co-Type”, 3. “Riesengebirge, Schlesien weisse Wiese, Weg von Schlesier-haus nach Wiesenbaude 28. Sept. 1933 von Dr. Stammer, Breslau gef. det. W. Soyka In Canadabalsam” (this collecting site is in Karkonosze Mountains (50°44’18’’N 15°42’19’’E, 1434 m), Karkonosze National Park, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Poland, see comments about the type locality of A. stammeri Soyka); 1 female [ISNB] on slide labeled: 1. “ Alaptus ♀ foersteri (Soyka) det. Soyka”, 2. [red] “Para-Type”, 3. “R. I. Sc. Nat. Belg. L. G. 17.724”, 4. “J. Ghesquière vid., 1951!”, 5. “Malchin Mecklenburg Jettchens Hof August 1936 Lg Dr. Stammer Coll. Soyka In Canadabalsam”; 1 female [DEZA] on slide labeled: 1. “ Alaptus ♀ foersteri (Soyka) Co- Type”, 2. “ 15 Oct. 1930 Valkenburg Kolleg am Fenster (Canadabals.)”.</p><p>Alaptus magnus Cheke &amp; Turner: holotype female [BMNH] on slide labeled: 1. “ HYMENOPTERA MYMARIDAE Alaptus magnus Cheke and Turner Holotype female”, 2. [red circle] “Holo-type”, 3. “Host: eggs of Mesopsocus immunis (Steph.) (Psocoptera) HARROGATE YORKSHIRE ENGLAND 30/7/58 TYPE NO. 5.2259”. The holotype is in fair condition, cleared, mounted laterally, almost complete but lacking one fore wing. This species was described from the holotype and 1 female paratype (not examined), the latter was in R.A. Cheke’s private collection (Cheke &amp; Turner 1974) whose current whereabouts is unknown.</p><p>Alaptus novickyi Soyka: holotype female [NHMW] on slide labeled: 1. “ Alaptus ♀ novickyi n. sp. (Soyka) Type”, 2. [red] “Type 1”, 3. “Jettchens Hof Malchin Mecklenburg am Fenster Aug. 1935 lg Stammer In Canadab. 1941”. The holotype is in fair condition, mounted laterally, lacking flagellum of one antenna. The ovipositor is rather long for this species but within the normal variation.</p><p>Material examined. BELGIUM: FLEMISH BRABANT, Lubbeek, Linden, 24.vi.1942, H.R. Debauche [1 ♀, ISNB] (determined by H.R. Debauche as A. foersteri) . LUXEMBOURG, near Èthe and Buzenol, 16–30.vi.1981, P. Grootaert [3 ♀, 1 ♂, CNC] . CANADA: ONTARIO: Innisville, 22.viii.1963 [1 ♀, CNC] . One Sided Lake, 16.vii.1960, S.M. Clark [1 ♂, CNC] . Oxford Mills: 22–29.vi.1973, L. Masner [1 ♂, CNC] ; 13.vii.1978, N. Tulsiram [1 ♀, CNC]. Grenadier Island, Thousand Islands National Park (as St. Lawrence Islands National Park), 2–9.vii.1975, E. Sigler [1 ♀, CNC] . CHINA: BEIJING MUNICIPALITY, Mentougou District, Liyan Ling (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=115.5125&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.004665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 115.5125/lat 40.004665)">Linshan Mts.</a>), 40°00.28’N 115°30.75’E, 1749 m, 2.viii.2002, G. Melika [1 ♀, UCRC] . DENMARK: HOVEDSTADEN, Dyrehaven (Jaegersborg Dyrehave, Zealand Island), Fortunens Indelukke, O. Bakkendorf: 15.vii.1951 [1 ♂, ZMUC] ; 14.vii.1954 [1 ♂, ZMUC]. [ Locality unclear], 22.vii.1928, O. Bakkendorf [1 ♀, ZMUC] (identified by O. Bakkendorf as A. foersteri) . FINLAND: CENTRAL FINLAND, Petäjävesi, 10.vii.1999, M.</p><p>Koponen [2 ♀, FMNH]. CENTRAL OSTROBOTHNIA, Reisjärvi, 12.vii.1980, M. Koponen [1 ♀, FMNH]. KAINUU, Vaala, 14.viii.1982, M. Koponen [2 ♀, 1 ♂, FMNH]. NORTHERN OSTROBOTHNIA: Haapavesi, M. Koponen: 8.vii.1995 [2 ♀, FMNH]; 10.vii.1995 [2 ♀, FMNH]. Kärsämäki, 8.vii.1995, M. Koponen [1 ♀, FMNH]. NORTHERN SAVONIA, Rautalampi, 17.vii.1983, M. Koponen [1 ♀, FMNH]. NORTH KARELIA, Liperi, 4.viii.1993, M. Koponen [1 ♀, FMNH]. PIRKANMAA, Virrat, 5.vii.1999, M. Koponen [2 ♀, FMNH]. SOUTHERN OSTROBOTHNIA: Alajärvi, 1.viii.1995, M. Koponen [1 ♀, FMNH]. Ilmajoki, 7.vii.1999, M. Koponen [2 ♂, FMNH]. Kauhava, Ylihärmä, 13.vii.1980, M. Koponen [4 ♀, FMNH]. Kurikka, 8.vii.1999, M. Koponen [1 ♀, FMNH]. Seinäjoki (as Ylistaro), 7.vii.1999, M. Koponen [1 ♀, FMNH]. SOUTHERN SAVONIA: Mikkeli, M. Koponen: 11.vii.1981 [1 ♀, FMNH]; 12.vii.1981 [2 ♂, FMNH]; 24.vii.1982, M. Koponen [1 ♀, FMNH]; 31.vii.1983 [1 ♂, FMNH]; 28.vii.1990 [1 ♀, FMNH]; 30.vii.1990 [1 ♀, FMNH]. Ristiina, 25.vii.1985, M. Koponen [2 ♂, FMNH]. SOUTHWEST FINLAND: Kimitoön (as Västanfjärd), M. Koponen: 6.vii.1982 [1 ♀, FMNH]; 6.viii.1982 [1 ♀, FMNH]. Vehmaa, 1.vii.2002, M. Koponen [1 ♀, FMNH]. UUSIMAA: Helsinki, M. Koponen: 26.vii.1980 [4 ♀, 2 ♂, FMNH]; 24.vii.1981 [1 ♂, FMNH]. Hyvinkää, M. Koponen: 22.vii.1982 [1 ♀, FMNH]; 27.vii.1982 [2 ♀, FMNH]. Nurmijärvi, M. Koponen: 17.vii.1981 [5 ♂, FMNH]; 18.vii.1981 [8 ♀, 19 ♂, FMNH]; 19.vii.1981 [1 ♂, FMNH]; 7.viii.1981 [1 ♀, FMNH]; 29.vii.1982 [1 ♀, FMNH]; 25.viii.1987 [1 ♀, FMNH]; 21.ix.1989 [1 ♀, FMNH]; 17.vii.1991 [1 ♂, FMNH]; 9.vii.1992 [5 ♀, FMNH]; 12.viii.1995 [2 ♀, FMNH]; 15.viii.1995 [2 ♀, 1 ♂, FMNH]. FRANCE: CÔTE-D’OR, Messigny-et-Vantoux, 18.viii.1960, J. Barbier [1 ♀, MNHN]. GARD, La Gard ou Gardon, 43°55’45’’N 4°23’25’’E, 10–13.vi.2005, J. George [1 ♀, UCRC]. GIRONDE, Sainte Colombe, 44°54’N 00°02’W, M. van Helden: 2.vii.1998 [1 ♀, 1 ♂, UCRC]; 30.vii.1998 [1 ♂, UCRC]; 13.viii.1998 [1 ♀, UCRC]; 17.ix.1998 [1 ♀, UCRC]; 9.vii.1999 [4 ♀, 3 ♂, UCRC]. VAUCLUSE, Mont Ventoux, vii.1978, M.W.R. de Vere Graham [1 ♀, BMNH]. YVELINES, Élisabethville, H.L. Parker (from elm twigs): 3.vi.1951 [numerous ♀, ♂, EMEC]; 16.v.1952 [1 ♀, EMEC]; 17.v.1952 [8 ♀, 2 ♂, EMEC]. [Locality unknown], 25.v.1950 [2 ♀, EMEC]. GERMANY: MECKLENBURG-WESTERN POMERANIA, Malchin, ca. 1 km E of Pisede, Jettchenshof, H.-J. Stammer: viii.1935 [2 ♀, NHMW] (one identified by W. Soyka as A.? foersteri and the other identified and incorrectly labeled by him as a “Co-Type” of A. foersteri); vii.1936 [1 ♀, EMEC] (identified by W. Soyka as A. foersteri); viii.1936 [1 ♀, ISNB]. IRELAND: [locality, date, and collector unknown] [2 ♀, NHMW] (identified by A. Foerster as “ Al. minimus Walk. ” and by W. Soyka as A.? foersteri]. ITALY: CALABRIA, Cosenza Prov., Camigliatello Silano, vii–viii.1985, L. Micieli [2 ♀, DEZA] (det. by G. Viggiani). CAMPANIA: Napoli Prov., Portici, Entomological Garden, G. Viggiani: 18.vii.1967 [1 ♂, DEZA]; 24.vii.1967 [1 ♀, DEZA]; 3.x.1968 [1 ♀, DEZA] (det. by G. Viggiani). Salerno Prov., 2.5 km SW of Acerno, 40°43.54’N 15°02.36’E, 560 m, 6.vi.2003, M. Bologna, J. Munro, A. Owen, J.D. Pinto [2 ♂, UCRC]. LAZIO: Roma Prov., Castelporziano Presidential Estate: coastal dunes in N corner, 41°42.150’N 12°21.038’E, 5 m, 11.vi.2003, M. Bologna, J. Munro, A. Owen, J.D. Pinto [2 ♀, UCRC]; Fosso di Trafusina, 41°46.670’N 12°24.751’E, 30 m, 11.vi.2003, M. Bologna, J. Munro, A. Owen, J.D. Pinto [1 ♀, UCRC]; La Focetta, 41°41.474’N 12°22.633’E, 10 m, 11.vi.2003, M. Bologna, J. Munro, A. Owen, J.D. Pinto [1 ♀, UCRC]. PIEDMONT, Asti Prov., Belveglio, x.1986, emerged ii–iii.1987, C. Vidano (on grape) [5 ♀, 5 ♂, DEZA] (det. by G. Viggiani). KYRGYZSTAN: ISSYK-KUL, S Shore of Lake Issyk-kul, 10 km E of Kadzhi-Saj, 42°10’33’’N 77°18’55’’E, 1675 m, 2–6.vii 1999, C.H. Dietrich [1 ♀, UCRC]. NETHERLANDS: LIMBURG, Valkenburg, 15.x.1931, W. Soyka (on window, St. Ignatius Jesuit College) [2 ♀, NHMW] (identified by W. Soyka as A. foersteri). POLAND: LOWER SILESIAN VOIVODESHIP, Karkonosze Mountains (50°44’18’’N 15°42’19’’E, 1434 m), Karkonosze National Park (as “Riesengebirge” on the label), 28.ix.1933, H.-J. Stammer [1 ♀, NHMW] (misidentified and labeled by W. Soyka as a “Para-Type” of A. minimus). PODLASKIE VOIVODESHIP, Białowieża, 7–9.vii.1988, M. Koponen [2 ♀, 1 ♂, FMNH]. PORTUGAL: MADEIRA, Madeira Island: Funchal, M. Koponen: Monte, 550 m, 3.ix.1996 [1 ♀, FMNH]. Vale do Paraíso, 740 m, 6–7.ix.1996 [2 ♀, FMNH]. Ribeiro Bonito (head of trail), 29.vii.1985, M.W.R. de Vere Graham [1 ♂, BMNH]. RUSSIA: LENINGRADSKAYA OBLAST’, Vaganovo, 60°05’24.5’’N 31°02’08.3’’E, 25 m, 15–30.vi.2016, A. Knyshov [1 ♀, 1 ♂, UCRC]. MOSCOVSKAYA OBLAST’: Noginskiy rayon, Fryazevo, M.E. Tretiakov: 25.vi–2.vii.2000 [1 ♀, 5 ♂, UCRC]; 24.vii.2000 [2 ♀, 7 ♂, UCRC]; 25.vii.2000 [3 ♂, UCRC]; 26.vii–14.viii.2000 [5 ♀, 15 ♂, UCRC, ZIN]; 15–25.viii.2000 [11 ♀, 15 ♂, UCRC, ZIN]; 23.viii.2000 [1 ♀, 13 ♂, UCRC]; 25–31.viii.2000 [6 ♂, UCRC]; 20.vii.2001 [2 ♀, 6 ♂, UCRC]; 25.vii.2002 [2 ♀, UCRC]. Pushkinskiy rayon, Pushkino, Mamontovka, E.Ya. Shuvakhina: 20–31.vii.2000 [14 ♀, 23 ♂, UCRC, ZIN]; 1–10.viii.2000 [4 ♀, 17 ♂, UCRC, ZIN]; 10–20.viii.2000 [4 ♀, 4 ♂, UCRC]; 20–31.viii.2000 [2 ♀, 2 ♂, UCRC]; 6–26.vi.2001 [3 ♀, 1 ♂, UCRC]. PRIMORSKIY KRAY, Ussuriyskiy rayon, Gornotayozhnoye, M.V.</p><p>Michailovskaya: 28.vi–4.vii.1999 [1 ♀, UCRC]; 11–14.vii.1999 [2 ♀, 2 ♂, IBPV, UCRC]; 24.vii–1.viii.1999 [1 ♀, 1 ♂, UCRC]; 1–4.viii.1999 [1 ♀, UCRC]; 5–11.viii.1999 [1 ♂, UCRC]; 12–17.viii.1999 [3 ♀, IBPV, UCRC]; 28.viii–5.ix.1999 [1 ♂, UCRC]; viii–ix.1999 [1 ♂, UCRC]; 6–14.ix.1999 [1 ♀, UCRC]; 1–10.vii.2000 [1 ♀, UCRC]; 11–14.vii.2000 [1 ♂, UCRC]; 26–31.viii.2000 [1 ♀, UCRC]; 15–30.ix.2000 [1 ♂, UCRC]; 12– 17.vii.2001 [1 ♀, UCRC]; 17.viii.2001 [1 ♀, UCRC]; ix–x.2001 [1 ♀, UCRC]. SAKHALINSKAYA OBLAST’, Sakhalin Island: 2 km E of Sokol, near Belaya River, D.J. Bennett, T. Anderson: 21.vii.2001 [1 ♀, CAS]; 24.vii.2001 [1 ♂, CAS]. 2–3 km E of Sokol, a tributary of Belaya River, 10.viii.2001, D.J. Bennett, T. Anderson [1 ♀, CAS]. STAVROPOL’SKIY KRAY, Mikhaylovskoye, “Aviator” farm (near Stavropol’ airport), 22.viii.2002, E. Khomchenko [1 ♀, UCRC]. UK: ENGLAND: Buckinghamshire Co., Hell Coppice, 30.viii.1958, M.W.R. de Vere Graham [1 ♀, BMNH]. Dorset Co., Bournemouth, S.G.C. Brown: 8.x.1981 [1 ♀, BMNH] (misidentified by S.G.C. Brown as A. minimus); viii.1982 [1 ♀, BMNH]; 8.x.1982 [2 ♀, 1 ♂, BMNH]. Hampshire Co., Awbridge, 51°01’18’’N 1°32’27’’W, 52 m, C. Vardy: vii.1981 [1 ♀, BMNH]; ix.1981 [1 ♀, BMNH]. North Somerset, Brockley, 16.vii.1919, J.P. Kryger [1 ♂, NHMW] (misidentified by J.P. Kryger as Camptoptera papaveris Foerster). North Yorkshire Co.: Harrogate, Royal Horticultural Society Garden Harlow Carr (as “plantation”), E. Broadhead: emerged 6.vii.1956 from eggs of Mesopsocus sp. [1 ♀, MMUE]; emerged in 1958 from eggs of Mesopsocus unipunctatus (Müller) [4 ♀, 1 ♂, MMUE]. Malham Tarn (near Malham), W.D. Hincks: 27.vii.1958 [1 ♀, MMUE]; 17.viii.1958 [1 ♂, MMUE]; 24.vii.1959 [1 ♂, MMUE]. Oxfordshire Co., Beacon Hill, 5.vii.1959, W.D. Hincks [1 ♀, MMUE]. Surrey Co., Pyrford, 29.vi.1914, C.O. Waterhouse [1 ♀, BMNH]. [No locality], xi.1920, J.P. Kryger [1 ♀, ZMUC]. [No data], F. Enock: [1 ♀, 1 ♂, BMNH] (misidentified by F. Enock as A. minimus); [1 ♀, 1 ♂, MMUE]. SCOTLAND, Sutherland, Achany (near Lairg), 2–16.viii.1975, P. Entwhistle [3 ♀, BMNH]. USA: ALASKA, Matanuska-Susitna Borough, 18.vii.1978, P.H. Arnaud, Jr. [1 ♀, CAS]. CALIFORNIA: Alameda Co., Berkeley, University of California Botanical Garden: Strawberry Canyon, 2.v.1966, F.E. Skinner [3 ♀, EMEC]; 17.vi.1966 [1 ♀, EMEC]; 8–10.vii.1966 [1 ♀, EMEC]. Fresno Co., Reedley, A. Smeds Vineyard, 12.iv.1996, K.M. Daane (from blackberry leaves) [2 ♀, UCRC]. Madera Co., Madera, R. Radoicich Vineyard, 12.vi.1996, K.M. Daane (from blackberry leaves) [1 ♀, UCRC]. Marin Co., Mill Valley (in redwoods): 17.x.1965, R.L. Doutt [2 ♀, EMEC]; 29.x.1965 [2 ♂, EMEC]. FLORIDA: Orange Co., Apopka, Kelly Park, 7.iii.1975, W.R.M. Mason [1 ♀, CNC]. Sarasota Co., Oscar Scherer State Park, 27–29.v.1978, N.F. Johnson [1 ♀, CNC]. MAINE, Penobscot Co., Lincoln, vii–viii.1952, A.E. Brower (on bark) [1 ♀, USNM]. SOUTH CAROLINA, Florence Co., Florence, [date unknown], F.F. Bibby [1 ♀, USNM]. VIRGINIA, Bull Run Mountains [exact locality unknown], 15.iv.1974, G.F. Fedde [1 ♂, USNM].</p><p>Extralimital material examined. ARGENTINA: BUENOS AIRES, Bella Vista, 1.vii.1963, A.A. Ogloblin [1 ♀, MLPA] .</p><p>Redescription. FEMALE (types of the synonyms listed above and non-type specimens from Europe). Body length of the dry-mounted, critical point dried specimens 400–500 µm, of the slide-mounted specimens 400–600 µm. Body dark brown, appendages mostly brown.</p><p>Antenna (Figs 24, 27, 28) shorter than body; scape 2.5–2.9× as long as wide, F1 either about as long as pedicel or slightly longer, F2 the longest funicle segment and 6.0–7.0× as long as wide, F3 shorter than F2 and slightly longer than F4, F5 the widest funicle segment; clava 2.8–3.7× as long as wide, with 4 mps, as long as long as combined length of F4 and F5 plus about half length of F3.</p><p>Fore wing (Figs 23, 25, 29) 430–590 µm long, 8.1–9.2× as long as wide; disc slightly infumate and with a complete row of usually 13–19 setae closer to anterior margin besides the admarginal rows (occasionally with as few as 11 such setae); longest marginal seta 3.2–3.7× maximum wing width. Hind wing (Fig. 29) 16–18× as long as wide; disc strongly infumate, with 1 complete row of setae a little closer to posterior margin; longest marginal seta 6.0–6.8× maximum wing width.</p><p>Ovipositor (Figs 23, 25) length 240–318 µm, exserted at least a little beyond apex of gaster (by up to 0.17× its own total length, but usually by only about 0.1×), occupying most of it length, and usually 1.7–1.8× length of metatibia (occasionally 1.6×).</p><p>MALE (paralectotypes of A. foersteri and non-type specimens from Europe). Body length of slide-mounted specimens 440–550 mm. Similar to female except for normal sexually dimorphic features of antenna and genitalia and the following. Antenna (Fig. 30) with scape 2.2–2.8× as long as wide, Fl slightly longer than pedicel and a little shorter than following segments, all flagellar segments much longer than wide; fore wing (Fig. 31) 310–560 µm long, 7.4–8.5× as long as wide, with a complete row of usually 13–18 setae closer to anterior margin and very rarely with an additional seta closer to apex just below the complete row of setae. Genitalia (Fig. 32) length 52–64 µm.</p><p>.</p><p>Diagnosis. See the key and also the diagnoses of A. minimus and A. terebrans Kryger, to both of which (particularly to the former) it is very similar.</p><p>Distribution. Nearctic: Canada * and USA *; Palaearctic: Belgium (Debauche 1948 [as A. foersteri]), Bulgaria (Donev 1978 [as A. foersteri and also possibly as A. extremus, but the latter record needs confirmation]; 1988b [as A. foersteri], 1990 [as A. foerstery]), China *, Denmark (Trjapitzin 1978 [as A. extremus]), Finland (Hellén 1974 [as A. foersteri]), France *, Germany, Greece (Donev 1985a [as A. foersteri]), Ireland (Soyka 1939a [as A. foersteri]), Italy (Viggiani &amp; Jesu 1988; Viggiani 2005), Kyrgyzstan *, Macedonia (Donev 1988a [as A. forsteri]), Netherlands (Soyka 1939a [as A. foersteri and A. extremus]), Poland (Soyka 1939a [as A. foersteri]), Portugal * (Madeira *), Romania (Boţoc 1974 [as A. foersteri]; Pricop 2009, 2010a [as A. extremus]), Russia *, Spain (Baquero &amp; Jordana 2002), and UK: England (Kryger 1950 [as A. terebrans Enock]; Cheke &amp; Turner 1974 [as A. magnus]) and Scotland *; Neotropical: Argentina *. The previous records of A. extremus from Germany by Vidal (2001), Pricop (2010a) and Noyes (2016) need verification, as does the previous record of A. fusculus from the USA (Noyes 2016).</p><p>Hosts. Mesopsocus immunis (Stephens), M. unipunctatus (Müller) (Hincks 1959; Broadhead &amp; Cheke 1975; Cheke 1977; Cheke &amp; Turner 1974 [as A. magnus]), and Mesopsocus sp. ( Mesopsocidae) and some other Psocoptera listed by New (1969), Baquero &amp; Jordana (2002) and Noyes (2016); also from eggs of unidentified Psocoptera on Malus pumila (Pricop 2010a [as A. extremus]).</p><p>Comments. The lectotype male of A. fusculus is consistent with its redescription by Hincks (1959) who correctly associated it with conspecific, non-type females from the United Kingdom. Its body is black and the appendages are brown.</p><p>Soyka (1939a) described A. foersteri from the type series which includes one female and one male “genotypes” from Poland (within its current borders) and also from 7 female and 4 male “cotypes” from Ireland, the Netherlands, and Poland. While the “genotypes” are, without any doubt, syntypes, it can be also argued that the “cotypes” are rather paratypes in their modern understanding rather than syntypes. However, because W. Soyka’s peculiar designations are open for different interpretations, I prefer treating them as other syntypes, hence the proposed paralectotype designations.</p><p>The holotype female of A. extremus is almost identical to the lectotype of A. foersteri (including their ovipositor length: metatibia length ratios, which are 1.7 and 1.8, respectively), which is a synonym of A. fusculus according to Hincks (1959), and which I confirm. Their other important measurements are: A. extremus (holotype, Fig. 23): body length about 400 µm, fore wing length 530 µm, ovipositor length 276 µm, fore wing 9.2× as long as wide, with 13 or 15 discal setae in a row; A. foersteri (lectotype, Fig. 25): body length 473 µm, fore wing length 480 µm, ovipositor length 269 µm, fore wing 8.6× as long as wide, with 13 (on one wing) or 19 (on the other wing) discal setae in a row. The holotype of A. novickyi is just a very large specimen of A. fusculus with a rather long (318 µm) ovipositor; its other important measurements are: body length about 500 µm, fore wing length 560 µm, fore wing with 13 discal setae in a row, ovipositor 1.7× length of metatibia.</p><p>From the mostly relative measurements given in the short description of the holotype of A. deccanensis Anwar &amp; Zeya from Mandya, Karnataka, India (Anwar &amp; Zeya 2014), the proportions of the individual funicle segments and ovipositor length: metatibia length ratio can be determined. The latter ratio is almost 2.0 and, especially from the illustrations provided, I conclude that A. deccanensis is likely to be within either A. fusculus or A. minimus, as it has some features of both. Its body length of 320 µm, fore wing chaetotaxy, and especially the proportions of F2 of the female antenna (3.8× as long as wide) are similar to those of A. minimus but the ovipositor length relative to the length of the metatibia is more similar (yet a little greater) to A. fusculus . Indeed, Anwar &amp; Zeya (2014) compare their species with A. extremus, which is shown here to be a synonym of A. fusculus . I did not have a chance to examine the holotype female of A. deccanensis (in ZDAMU).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A3B84BFFA8FFA2FF15B598FCF973F8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Serguei V. Triapitsyn	Serguei V. Triapitsyn (2017): Revision of Alaptus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in the Holarctic region, with taxonomic notes on some extralimital species. Zootaxa 4279 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4279.1.1
03A3B84BFFB3FFAEFF15B667FE437148.text	03A3B84BFFB3FFAEFF15B667FE437148.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alaptus globosicornis Girault 1908	<div><p>Alaptus globosicornis Girault, 1908</p><p>(Figs 33–41)</p><p>Alaptus globosicornis Girault 1908: 188 –189, 193 (key). Type locality: Orlando, Orange Co., Florida, USA.</p><p>Leimacis peregrina Perkins 1910: 661 . Type locality: Honolulu, Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands (USA: Hawaii). Syn. n.</p><p>Alaptus globosicornis Girault: Girault 1911a: 132 (specimen from the Hawaiian Islands); Girault 1913b: 10 –11 (distribution, discussion); Timberlake 1924: 447 (specimens from the Hawaiian Islands, host association); Girault 1929: 9 (key); Peck 1963: 27 –28 (catalog); De Santis 1983: 32 (catalog); Lin et al. 2007: 21 (list); Guzmán-Larralde et al. 2017: 8 (list).</p><p>Alaptus globosicornis variety hawaiiensis Girault 1912: 124, 126 (key). Holotype female [QMBA] (not examined). Type locality: Honolulu, Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands (Hawaii, USA). Syn. n.</p><p>Leimacis peregrina Perkins: Girault 1913b: 11 (mentioned).</p><p>Alaptus globosicornis hawaiensis [sic] Girault: Soyka 1939b: 31 (list).</p><p>Alaptus ? globosicornis Girault: Doutt 1973: 222 (fossil records); Beardsley &amp; Huber 2000: 7 (references in the Hawaiian Islands, discussion, distribution, host association).</p><p>Arescon peregrina (Perkins): Beardsley &amp; Huber 2000: 11 (nomen dubium: references, history, discussion). Alaptus peregrinus (Perkins): Triapitsyn 2016: 150 –151 (nomen dubium: discussion).</p><p>Type material examined. Alaptus globosicornis Girault: lectotype female [USNM], here designated to avoid ambiguity regarding the identity of this species and status of its type specimens, on slide (Fig. 35) labeled: 1. “Morrill No. 2008 Bred from Purple scale. VIII, 10, 1907 Alaptus globosicornis Girault E. A. Back. ”; 2. “Mymarid. Type ♀. globosicornis ”; 3. [red] “ Alaptus globosicornis Girault ”; 4. [red] “ Type no. 11858 U.S.N.M.”; 5. [USNM barcode] “USNMENT 01049133”. The lectotype (Fig. 33), mounted under the same slide with 2 female paralectotypes, is the only specimen with both antennae intact; it is in fair condition, complete, poorly mounted more or less dorsoventrally. Paralectotypes: the above-mentioned females on the lectotype slide even though Girault (1908) mentioned only 2 females of this species as “Types”; it is now impossible though to figure out which two of the three specimens on this slide he considered as such.</p><p>Alaptus peregrinus (Perkins): lectotype female of Leimacis peregrina Perkins [BMNH], here designated to avoid uncertainty about the identity of this species and status of its type specimen(s), on slide (Fig. 37) labeled originally: 1. “ Leimacis . Honolulu on window. Sic. [apparently: illegible] F.H. peregrina P. [in pencil]”; 2. [BMNH accession number, apparently for the entire R.C.L. Perkins’ collection] “R.C.L. Perkins Coll. B.M.1955-742”; 3.</p><p>[in India ink on glass] “ Alaptus sp.”. The lectotype (Figs 38, 39) is in fair condition although lacking one fore wing, with the head plus antennae detached from the rest of the body. This specimen fits most of the features mentioned in the very vague original description (in which sex of the specimens(s) was not mentioned but obviously female was described because the antenna was “8-jointed”) except for a slightly larger body length (about 0.3 mm versus 0.25 mm), F2 not being “more slender” than F3, the fore wing disc having only a line of two setae rather than “three or four hairs”, and the marginal vein of the fore wing being normal for the genus and not “long”. But it is from the type locality and definitely came from the R.C.L. Perkins’ collection, and it is unlikely to be part of the specimens of Alaptus collected around 1905 by F.W. Terry at the Oahu Sugar Co. which apparently were marked with “F’ numbers (Beardsley &amp; Huber 2000). Until discovery of this slide in the BMNH, type material of this species was considered to be lost (Beardsley &amp; Huber 2000; Triapitsyn 2016).</p><p>Material examined. USA: FLORIDA, Orlando, 4.xii.1953, K.M. Sommerman (“ex liposcelis Cult.” [i.e., Liposcelis sp. culture]) [6 ♀, USNM]. PENNSYLVANIA, Montgomery Co., Lansdale, 40°14’12’’N 75°18’47’’W, 19–26.viii.2000, R. Kaufhold [1 ♀, UCRC]. TEXAS: Brazos Co., College Station, Texas A&amp;M University, 23.viii.1984, S. Ostrowska (in “ B.[emizia] tabaci culture”) [1 ♀, UCRC]. Upshur Co., Gilmer, 19.ix.1936, H.J. Crawford (on croton) [1 ♀, USNM].</p><p>Extralimital material examined. BRAZIL: AMAZONAS, Manaus, xii.1981, “ Col. Castelo ” [? M. Castelo Branco] (“s/pez seco y salado”—on dry and salted fish) [3 ♀, 2 ♂, MLPA] . HAWAIIAN ISLANDS: USA, HAWAII: Hawaii Island, Hakalau (former “ Hakalau Plantation ”), v.1914 [1 ♂, BPBM] . Oahu Island, Honolulu, Diamond Head [ State Monument], 21.x.1916, P.H. Timberlake (“ Reared from Oleander material infested with coccids &amp; psocids”) [1 ♀, UCRC] . Also all the specimens in BPBM listed by Beardsley &amp; Huber (2000) as A.? globosicornis; here I confirm their identity as belonging to this species, at least for the females. Most of the tentatively identified males were captured during the same collecting events with the presumably conspecific females.</p><p>Redescription. FEMALE (lectotype of A. globosicornis). Body brown, appendages light brown except flagellum brown.</p><p>Antenna (Fig. 34) a little shorter than body; scape (including radicle) 3.5× as long as wide, almost smooth; funicle very short, F1 much shorter than pedicel and the shortest funicle segment, following funicle segments each slightly longer than the preceding one, F2 about 0.75× as long as wide, F3–F5 globular, F5 the widest funicle segment; clava 2.8× as long as wide, apparently with 4 mps, a little longer than funicle.</p><p>Fore wing (Fig. 36) 10.7× as long as wide; disc almost hyaline and bare except for 1 seta and the admarginal rows; longest marginal seta about 4.8× maximum wing width. Hind wing about 16× as long as wide; disc with 1 incomplete row of setae; longest marginal seta about 7.3× maximum wing width.</p><p>Ovipositor barely exserted beyond apex of gaster, occupying about 0.7× its length, and about 1.0× length of metatibia.</p><p>Measurements of the lectotype (µm). Body 245; head 75; mesosoma 88; gaster 97; ovipositor 97. Antenna: scape (including radicle) 61; pedicel 27; F1 9; F2 10; F3 12; F4 14; F5 16; clava 77. Fore wing 257:24; longest marginal seta 115. Hind wing 239:15; longest marginal seta 109.</p><p>Variation. Paralectotypes: body length 230–240 µm; scape 3.3× as long as wide; clava 2.9× as long as wide; fore wing 10.1× as long as wide, disc with 1 or 2 setae in a median row. Non-type specimens from the continental USA: body length 290–320 µm; clava 2.6× as long as wide; fore wing about 10.0× as long as wide, disc with 1 or 2 setae in a median row. Lectotype of Leimacis peregrina and non-type specimens from the Hawaiian Islands: body length 220–340 µm; scape about 3.3× as long as wide; clava 2.8–3.0× as long as wide, occasionally about as long as funicle; fore wing 10.1× as long as wide, disc with 0, 1 or 2 setae in a median row.</p><p>MALE. Known from specimens (e.g., Fig. 40) from the Hawaiian Islands (Beardsley &amp; Huber 2000) but their pertinence to this species needs verification (they might be easily confused with those of A. iceryae Riley in which F2 is also very short). Body length 210–280 µm. Antenna (Fig. 41) with scape about 4.0× as long as wide, flagellar segments short, F2 notably shorter than F1 or F3. Fore wing 8.6–9.1× as long as wide; disc without or with 1 seta in the middle. Gaster at most a little longer than mesosoma; genitalia length 55 µm.</p><p>Diagnosis. Female of A. globosicornis is distinctive due to its antenna (Fig. 34) with F1 and F2 very short and F3–F5 globular.</p><p>Distribution. Nearctic: USA; Neotropical: Brazil (De Santis 1983) and Mexico (fossil—in amber, Doutt 1973; De Santis 1983; Guzmán-Larralde et al. 2017); Oceania: Hawaiian Islands (Girault 1911a). Records from Australasia (Queensland, Australia) by Girault (1912) as A. globosicornis variety hawaiiensis need confirmation as they may belong instead to A. australiensis Girault, stat. n.</p><p>Hosts. Liposcelis bostrychophila Badonnel, L. divinatoria (Müller) (Timberlake 1924; Noyes 2016), and Liposcelis sp. ( Liposcelididae).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A3B84BFFB3FFAEFF15B667FE437148	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Serguei V. Triapitsyn	Serguei V. Triapitsyn (2017): Revision of Alaptus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in the Holarctic region, with taxonomic notes on some extralimital species. Zootaxa 4279 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4279.1.1
03A3B84BFFBFFFADFF15B3DEFE3B73F8.text	03A3B84BFFBFFFADFF15B3DEFE3B73F8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alaptus huberi Triapitsyn	<div><p>Alaptus huberi Triapitsyn, sp. n.</p><p>(Figs 42–45)</p><p>Type material. Holotype female [CNC] on slide (Fig. 43) labeled: 1. “Canadian National Collection No.: 75.VIII.11.21 Loc.: ONT., S.L.I.N.P. Gren. Cent. Host: [crossed out] 1-426K-15 Date: 2-9.VII.1975 Coll.: E. Sigler”, 2. “ Alaptus [in pencil, in C.M. Yoshimoto’s handwriting] ♀ Det.: C. M. Yoshimoto”, 3. [magenta, cut in 2 parts] “ Alaptus huberi Triapitsyn HOLOTYPE ♀”. The type locality is Grenadier Island (central part) in the Thousand Islands National Park (abbreviated as St. Lawrence Islands National Park on the original label), Ontario, Canada. The holotype (Fig. 42) is almost complete (lacking most of hind leg segments except metacoxa), in good condition, mounted laterally. Paratypes (on individual slides): CANADA: ONTARIO: Ottawa, West Carleton- March Ward (as Carleton Co. on the original labels), Constance Bay: 20.vii.1973, G. Gibson (pan trap) [4 ♀, CNC]; 29.vi–27.vii.1978, J. Redner, C. Dandale (pitfall trap) [1 ♀, CNC]. Thousand Islands National Park (as St. Lawrence Islands National Park), Grenadier Island (central part), E. Sigler: 16.vii.1975 [3 ♀, CNC]; 16– 23.vii.1975 [1 ♀, CNC]; 30.vii.1975 [2 ♀, CNC].</p><p>Description. FEMALE (holotype). Head and gaster dark brown, mesosoma notably lighter (light brown or brown); appendages pale brownish.</p><p>Antenna (Fig. 44) longer than body; scape (including radicle) 5.5× as long as wide, slightly longitudinally striate; F1 shorter than pedicel, F2 the longest funicle segment and about 2.5× as long as wide, F3 as long as F1 and F5 and slightly shorter than F4, F4 and F5 the widest funicle segments; clava 3.5–3.6× as long as wide, apparently with 4 mps, about as long as combined length of F3–F5 plus half length of F2.</p><p>Fore wing (Fig. 45) 11.5× as long as wide; disc almost hyaline and with a row of 2 setae medially besides the admarginal rows; longest marginal seta 4.5× maximum wing width. Hind wing 19× as long as wide; disc a little more strongly infumate, with 1 row of setae closer to posterior margin; longest marginal seta 6.5× maximum wing width.</p><p>Ovipositor (Fig. 42) not exserted beyond apex of gaster, occupying about 0.7× its length, and 0.8× length of metatibia.</p><p>Measurements of the holotype (µm). Body 390; head 97; mesosoma 160; gaster 167; ovipositor 118. Antenna: scape (including radicle) 121; pedicel 48; F1 33; F2 38; F3 33; F4 36; F5 33; clava 132. Fore wing 450:39; longest marginal seta 175. Hind wing 439:23; longest marginal seta 151.</p><p>Variation (paratypes). Body length 380–490 µm; scape (including radicle) 5.1–5.4× as long as wide; clava 2.7– 3.9× as long as wide; fore wing 10.6–11.0× as long as wide, with 1–3 setae in a median row, longest marginal seta 4.2–4.4× maximum wing width; hind wing 18–19× as long as wide, longest marginal seta about 6.0× maximum wing width.</p><p>MALE. Unknown.</p><p>Diagnosis. Alaptus huberi is most similar to A. eriococci, from which it differs by the morphological characters indicated in the key.</p><p>Etymology. The species is named after John T. Huber who kindly loaned me its specimens from the CNC.</p><p>Hosts. Unknown.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A3B84BFFBFFFADFF15B3DEFE3B73F8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Serguei V. Triapitsyn	Serguei V. Triapitsyn (2017): Revision of Alaptus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in the Holarctic region, with taxonomic notes on some extralimital species. Zootaxa 4279 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4279.1.1
03A3B84BFFBCFFA8FF15B62EFDE07148.text	03A3B84BFFBCFFA8FF15B62EFDE07148.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alaptus iceryae Riley 1889	<div><p>Alaptus iceryae Riley, 1889</p><p>(Figs 46–58)</p><p>Alaptus iceryae Riley 1889: 86 + plate XI, fig. 3. Type locality (of the lectotype designated here): an unidentified locality in California, USA.</p><p>Alaptus iceryae Riley: Girault 1908: 186 –187 (history, redescription), 193–194 (key); Girault 1910: 240 –243 (redescription based on specimens of both sexes from Centralia, Illinois, USA [as A. iceryae]); Girault 1929: 10 (key); Soyka 1939b: 31 (list [as A. iceryae (Girault)]); Peck 1963: 28 (catalog); De Santis 1979: 362 (catalog).</p><p>Alaptus priesneri Soyka 1950: 122 –123. Type locality: Beni Suef, Beni Suef Governorate, Egypt. Syn. n.</p><p>Alaptus priesneri Soyka: Viggiani &amp; Jesu 1988: 1020 (distribution and host association in Italy); Pagliano &amp; Navone 1995: 35 (list); Viggiani 2005: 61 –62 (illustration and description of male genitalia); Huber et al. 2009: 271 (list).</p><p>Type material examined. A. iceryae Riley: lectotype female [USNM], here designated to define this species properly and to avoid any ambiguity regarding the status of the type specimens, on a short slide (Fig. 47) labeled: 1. “ Alaptus iceriae Riley 1♀ 42 [in pencil] Cat. No. 11938 Bred from ♂ pupa of Icerya purchasii . Aug. 22, 1887.”, 2. [red] “ Alaptus iceriae Riley Type No. 11938 U.S.N.M.”, 3. [on the underside, USNM barcode] “USNMENT 01025124”. The lectotype (Fig. 46) is in fair condition, complete (one hind wing is detached from the body), mounted more or less dorsoventrally. Paralectotypes [all on slides, USNM]: 1 ♂: 1. “ Alaptus iceriae . Riley 1♂ Bred from Aspidiotus convexus Nov. 28, 1887 ”, 2. [red] “Type No. 11938 U.S.N.M.”; 1 ♂: “ Alaptus icerae Riley 1 ♂ 11938 29 [in pencil] Bred from ♂ pupa of Icerya purchasii August 14, 1887.”; 1 ♂: same data except “ Aug. 4, 1887 ” and “32” [in pencil]; 1 ♀: “♂. n. g. Mymarinae [crossed out] Alaptus icerae Riley ♀ 11937 33 [in pencil] Bred from ♂ pupa of Icerya purchasii . July 19, 1887.”; 1 ♂: 1. “ Alaptus icerae Riley 1 ♂ 39 [in pencil] Bred from ♂ pupa of Icerya purchasi . Aug. 25, 1887.”, 2. [red] “Type No. 11938 U.S.N.M.”; 1 ♂: 1. “ Alaptus icerae Riley 1 ♂ 40 Cat. 11938 Bred from Icerya purchasi . Maskell Oct. 4, 1887.”, 2. [red] “Type No. 11938 U.S.N.M.”; 1 ♂: “n. g. Mymarinae [crossed out] 11938 33 [in pencil] Alaptus icerae Riley ♂ From ♂ pupa of Icerya purchasii . May 24, 1887. No. 122 (Coquillett.)”.</p><p>A. priesneri Soyka: holotype female of [NHMW] on slide (Fig. 51) labeled: 1. “ Alaptus ♀ priesneri Soyka 1.XI.31.”; 2. [red] “Type”; 3. “EGYPT Beni Suef on Acacia arabica with Cerop. africanus ”; 4. [W. Soyka’s slide number] “1159”. The holotype (Fig. 50), collected by H. Priesner (Soyka 1950), is in fair condition, complete, mounted laterally; it is mounted under the same coverslip with another female, which is probably an aberrant specimen of A. priesneri that might be either naturally wingless (although that is unlikely) or, far more likely, just lacking the wings due to poor handling.</p><p>Material examined. BERMUDA [ISLANDS]: Bermuda Island, Southampton Parish, 4 Munro Lane, 16– 24.x.2001, J. &amp; M. Munro [1 ♀, UCRC]. ISRAEL: Nahshonim [Kibbutz], 7.vii.1987, D. Hadar (from psocid eggs on avocado) [1 ♀, CNC]. Yizrael, 31.x.1972, A. Belinsky (from fruit galls on Prosopis sp.) [1 ♀, DEZA]. [No other data except] “Israel No. 152” [11 ♀, 1 ♂, UCRC] (determined as Alaptus sp. by D. Rosen in 1969). [No data], J. Halperin [1 ♀, DEZA]. ITALY: CAMPANIA, Napoli Prov., Portici, 25.xi.1982, G. Viggiani (from eggs of Psocoptera on olive) [5 ♀, 1 ♂, DEZA] (det. by G. Viggiani). USA: CALIFORNIA: Fresno Co., Parlier, 9.ix.1973 (suction trap in citrus tree) [2 ♀, EMEC]. Los Angeles Co., Monrovia, 18.i.1916 (California State Insectary No. 1505) [1 ♂, EMEC]. Riverside Co., Riverside: 16.ix.1933, S.E. Flanders [1 ♂, EMEC]; 8798 Brunswick Ave., 12.xii.1972, W. White (from “?psocid eggs”) [1 ♀, 1 ♂, UCRC]; UCR campus: 19.x.1984, H. Nadel [1 ♀, CNC]; 1–15.xi.1984, J. LaSalle [1 ♀, CNC]; 25.xi.1984, D. Powell (from colony of Psocoptera in greenhouse) [2 ♀, 2 ♂, CNC]; 26.viii–3.ix.1993, A. Flores (on citrus in insectary) [4 ♀, 15 ♂, UCRC]; 16.i.1996, D. Powell (on potatoes in quarantine culture) [3 ♀, UCRC]. San Joaquin Co., Lodi, R. Mondavi Vineyard, 21.vi.1995, K.M. Daane (from grape leaves) [1 ♀, UCRC]. Tulare Co., Farmersville, 26.iv.2001, S.A. Steffan (on nectarine infested with bark lice) [1 ♀, 3 ♂, UCRC]. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, Washington, 5.ix.1944, H.S. Barber (“Floated in dish under microscope In U.S.N.M. laboratory” [1 ♀, USNM] (misidentified by A.B. Gahan as A. globosicornis). FLORIDA, 10.vii.1907, E.A. Back (“Morrill No. 513 Bred from a coronata”) [2 ♂, USNM]. ILLINOIS: Centralia, 27.viii.1909, [A.A. Girault] [1 ♂, USNM]. Champaign Co., Urbana, 18.ix.1941, K.M. Sommerman (“With Liposcelis divinatorius (Müll) In Greenhouse N.H.S. [i.e., Natural History Survey”]) [1 ♀, USNM] (misidentified by A.B. Gahan as A. globosicornis). NEW YORK, Yates Co.: Dresden, Taylor Vineyard (Ridge Rd.), 15.viii.1995, T. Martinson (on hybrid grape, Castel variety) [1 ♀, UCRC]. Italy, Erickson Vineyard (Friend Rd.), 30.viii.1995, T. Martinson (on wild grape, Vitis riparia) [1 ♀, UCRC]. SOUTH CAROLINA, Clemson, Clemson University (as Clemson [Agricultural] College), 27.vi.1934, O.L. Cartwright (“Crawling on desk”) [1 ♀, USNM]. TEXAS, Hidalgo Co., Weslaco, iv.1951, P.T. Richard (“from Rhodes grass clumps”) [1 ♀, 1 ♂, USNM] (misidentified by B.D. Burks as A. globosicornis). VIRGINIA, Fairfax Co., Annandale, ix.1983, H.F. Painter (“ Peromyscus nest”) [7 ♀, USNM].</p><p>Extralimital material examined. HAWAIIAN ISLANDS: USA, HAWAII, Oahu Island, Honolulu, 4.xii [year unknown] (from psocid eggs) [9 ♀, 5 ♂, UCRC] . MEXICO: JALISCO, Ejutla, 9.ix.2015, G. Moya-Raygoza (on Zea mays ssp. parviglumis) [1 ♂, UCRC] . [Locality unknown], intercepted at Nogales border crossing (Santa Cruz Co., Arizona, USA), 21.viii.1934 (“ Within calyx of pomegranate from Mexico ” [1 ♀, USNM] . PERU: PIURA, Chapairá, 22.viii.1910, “T.” [1 ♀, 1 ♂, USNM] .</p><p>Redescription. FEMALE (lectotype). Body dark brown, appendages brownish.</p><p>Antenna (Fig. 48) shorter than body; scape (including radicle) 4.0× as long as wide, almost smooth; funicle short, F1 shorter than pedicel and the shortest funicle segment, F2 just slightly longer and about 1.5× as long as wide, F3–F5 a little longer, F5 the widest funicle segment; clava 3.5× as long as wide, apparently with 4 mps, a little longer than combined length of F2–F5.</p><p>Fore wing (Fig. 49) 11.1× as long as wide; disc slightly infumate and bare except for 1 seta in middle between the admarginal rows; longest marginal seta about 5.9× maximum wing width. Hind wing (Fig. 49) 20× as long as wide; disc with 1 row of setae closer to posterior margin; longest marginal seta about 7.3× maximum wing width.</p><p>Ovipositor (Fig. 46) not exserted beyond apex of gaster, occupying about 0.5× its length, and 0.9× length of metatibia.</p><p>Measurements of the lectotype (µm). Body 357; head 85; mesosoma 115; gaster 155; ovipositor 97. Antenna: scape (including radicle) 73; pedicel 35; F1 13; F2 14; F3 18; F4 21; F5 22; clava 85. Fore wing 300:27; longest marginal seta 160. Hind wing 300:15; longest marginal seta 109.</p><p>Variation. Paralectotype: body length 314 µm; clava 3.3× as long as wide; ovipositor 1.0× length of metatibia. Non-type specimens from USA: body length 260–400 µm; scape 2.7–4.2× as long as wide; clava 2.9–3.0× as long as wide, sometimes about as long as funicle; fore wing 10.0–10.1× as long as wide, disc with 0, 1 or 2 setae in a median row; ovipositor 0.9–1.0× length of metatibia. Holotype of A. priesneri (Fig. 50) and non-type specimens from Israel (Fig. 53): body length 260–360 µm; clava sometimes about as long as funicle; fore wing 9.0–10.0× as long as wide, disc with 0, 1 or 2 setae in a median row; ovipositor 0.9–1.0× length of metatibia.</p><p>MALE (paralectotypes). Body length 250–360 µm. Similar to female except for normal sexually dimorphic features and the following. Antenna (Figs 55, 57) with scape about 4.0× as long as wide; flagellar segments short, Fl much shorter than pedicel, F2 either about as long as wide or slightly longer than wide, notably shorter than F1 or F3. Fore wing (Figs 55, 58) 9.4–9.5× as long as wide; disc without or with 1 seta in the middle. Gaster at most a little longer than mesosoma; genitalia (Fig. 56) length 64–67 µm.</p><p>Variation. Non-type specimens from USA: body length 250–380 µm; antenna with scape 4.2–4.4× as long as wide, fore wing 8.9–10.0× as long as wide, disc with 0, 1 or 2 setae in a median row; genitalia length 66–73 µm. Non-type specimen from Israel: body length 375 µm; antenna with scape 4.2× as long as wide and F2 about as long as wide (Fig. 54); genitalia length 69 µm.</p><p>Diagnosis. See that of A. nowickii Ghesquière. Alaptus iceryae is also similar to both the New World A. eriococci and Palaearctic A. schmitzi Soyka from which it differs in having a subquadrate F1 of the female antenna, as indicated in the key.</p><p>Distribution. Nearctic: Bermuda * and USA; Palaearctic: Egypt, Israel *, and Italy (Viggiani &amp; Jesu 1988; Viggiani 2005) [as A. priesneri]; Neotropical: The Antilles [sic] and Peru (De Santis 1979) as well as Mexico *; Oceania: Hawaiian Islands* (USA: Hawaii).</p><p>Hosts. Unidentified Psocoptera in Italy (Viggiani &amp; Jesu 1988); in the USA, Liposcelis divinatoria (Müller) (Liposcelididae) .</p><p>Comments. In some female specimens from the Palaearctic region, F3 and F4 are somewhat relatively shorter (not as notably longer than wide) than in those from the Nearctic region; thus, the proposed synonymy of A. priesneri under A. iceryae may need to be tested using molecular methods once freshly preserved specimens of both nominal species become available.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A3B84BFFBCFFA8FF15B62EFDE07148	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Serguei V. Triapitsyn	Serguei V. Triapitsyn (2017): Revision of Alaptus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in the Holarctic region, with taxonomic notes on some extralimital species. Zootaxa 4279 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4279.1.1
03A3B84BFFB9FF92FF15B3DEFB2875F6.text	03A3B84BFFB9FF92FF15B3DEFB2875F6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alaptus immaturus Perkins: Perkins 1905	<div><p>Alaptus immaturus Perkins, 1905</p><p>(Figs 59–73)</p><p>Alaptus immaturus Perkins: Perkins 1905: 193 (list), 194 (key), 197 + Plate XII, fig. 5 (illustrations of female and male antennae). Original type locality: Bundaberg, Queensland, Australia. An unspecified number of syntype female(s) and male(s), lost from BPBM.</p><p>Alaptus immaturus Perkins: Girault 1908: 188 (list, comments); Perkins 1910: 661 (distribution in the Hawaiian Islands); Girault 1912: 120 –122 (redescription, discussion, distribution, diagnosis), 126 (key); Girault 1913b: 9 –10 (distribution, discussion); Girault 1914: 111 (mentioned); Timberlake 1924: 447 (specimens from the Hawaiian Islands); Soyka, 1939b: 31 (list); Lin et al. 2007: 21 (list).</p><p>Alaptus caecilii Girault 1908: 189 –191, 193 (key). Type locality: Orlando, Orange Co., Florida, USA. Syn. n.</p><p>Alaptus caecilii Girault: Girault 1910: 243 (correction, distribution); Girault 1929: 10 (key); Spruyt 1927: 184 (mentioned from California, USA); Ferrière 1930: 42 (Kenya, on coffee); Ghesquière 1939: 35 –36 (compared with A. nowickii); Soyka, 1939b: 31 (list); Debauche 1949: 10 (key), 12–13 (redescription); Peck 1963: 27 (catalog); De Santis 1979: 362 (catalog).</p><p>Alaptus antillanus Cheke &amp; Turner 1974: 281 –282. Type locality: Kingston, Jamaica. Syn. n.</p><p>Alaptus ? immaturus Perkins: Beardsley &amp; Huber 2000: 7 –8 (taxonomic history, discussion, distribution in the Hawaiian Islands).</p><p>? Alaptus pyronus Anwar &amp; Zeya 2014: 32 (key), 34, 37 (illustrations). Type locality: Sahaspur, Dehradun (as Dehra Dun), Uttarakhand, India. Holotype female (ZDAMU), not examined.</p><p>Type material examined. Alaptus immaturus Perkins: neotype female [QMBA], here designated to avoid ambiguity about the identity of this species, type material of which is lost, on slide (Fig. 60) labeled: 1. “AUSTRALIA: Queensland Nambour, Maroochy Res. Station, 23-27.xi.2000 C. Freebairn, MT at creek”; 2. “Mounted by V. V. Berezovskiy 2016 in Canada balsam ”; 3. [magenta] “ Alaptus immaturus Perkins, 1905 NEOTYPE ♀ Designated by S. V. Triapitsyn 2016 ”. The neotype is in good condition, complete. It was collected by Chris G. Freebairn in a Malaise trap which I supplied; the trap was installed near a creek adjacent to agricultural field plots at Maroochy Research Facility, Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries in Nambour, Queensland, Australia (about 26°38’36’’S 152°56’25’’E, 30 m). The specimen had been dried from ethanol using a critical point dryer and then card-mounted (Fig. 59) and labeled at UCRC in the early 2000s, identified to species in 2016, and then slide-mounted after being measured and photographed; it will be donated to QMBA. The direct distance between this collecting site and the original type locality of A. immaturus in Bundaberg, Queensland is about 200 km; Perkins (1905, p. 197) only specified the following about it: “Hab: Bundaberg, Queensland, bred from cane leaves containing leaf-hopper eggs, but I do not feel sure that it is parasitic on these”. Beardsley &amp; Huber (2000) did not mention existence of any type material of this species, and stated that the tentatively identified Hawaiian specimens have not been compared with it. I could not find it in BPBM during a visit in April 2016 either and, according to James Boone (personal communication), this species is not even listed in their type database. No other collection has them either, although the slide with six females and one male of A. immaturus in BMNH, without any data except the identification label in pencil and collector’s or collection name (R.C.L. Perkins and BMNH accession number for his collection), could be that but most likely it is of the Hawaiian material like the other slide in that collection; there is absolutely no way to demonstrate with any confidence that these might belong to the type series. The antennae of the male on this slide are positioned in a different way than the male antenna of A. immaturus illustrated in the original description, although an antenna of one of the females has a collapsed clava like in one of those illustrated by Perkins (1905, Plate XII, fig. 5), but that could be a mere coincidence. Moreover, the ovipositor length: metatibia length ratio in the female specimens on that slide without any data is at least 1.5, which is consistent with such ratios in most specimens from the Hawaiian Islands I have examined (a few have it between 1.35 and 1.5), whereas in those from Queensland it is about 1.35. Apparently the original syntype specimens (at least one female and one male) of A. immaturus were lost a long time ago. According to Perkins (1906), he and one of the pioneers of biological control Albert Koebele collected in Bundaberg on sugar cane in June of 1904 and also between August and the end of that year; the syntypes of this species were almost certainly captured by Perkins himself, because in the original description (Perkins 1905) he did not mention any Koebele number. Also, Perkins (1906, p. xxiv) later specified that A. immaturus were from “Eggs of Psocid feeding on fungus growing on honeydew excreted by leaf-hoppers”. The “[sugar cane] leaf-hopper” mentioned by Perkins (1905, 1906) was actually the sugarcane planthopper, Perkinsiella saccharicida Kirkaldy ( Hemiptera: Delphacidae) (Triapitsyn &amp; Beardsley 2000).</p><p>Alaptus antillanus Cheke &amp; Turner: holotype female [BMNH] on slide labeled: 1. “ HYMENOPTERA MYMARIDAE 5.2260 Alaptus antillanus Cheke and Turner Holotype female”; 2. [red circle] “Holo type ”; 3. “Host: eggs of Caecilius caribensis Mockford. (Psocoptera) Kingston ST. ANDREW PARISH JAMAICA 30-3- 71 ”. The holotype is in good condition, well cleared, mounted dorsoventrally, complete; the water-soluble mounting medium (probably Hoyer’s) is stained. Allotype male [BMNH] on slide labeled same as the holotype except having “ Allotype male” and “Allo-type”, and also lacking a type number; it is mounted in darkened, stained, drying mounting medium.</p><p>Alaptus caecilii Girault: lectotype female [USNM], here designated to avoid ambiguity regarding the identity of this species and its type specimens, on slide (Fig. 64) labeled: 1. “Morrill No. 2009 Bred from Psocid Egg. VIII, 5, 1907 E. A. Back 7 ♀ [in pencil]”; 2. “Cotype 11859 [in red ink] Mymarid Alaptus caecilii Girault sp. n. [an illegible word crossed out]”; 3. [red] “ caecilii Type No. 11859 U.S.N.M.”. The lectotype (Fig. 65, the closest specimen to the center of the coverslip, circled in India ink) is mounted under the same coverslip with 6 female paralectotypes, it is in a rather poor condition (uncleared) but complete, mounted laterally. Paralectotypes [on slides, USNM]: 6 ♀: the above-mentioned specimens on the lectotype slide; 1 ♀: “ Alaptus caecilii Girault ♀ 49 [in pencil] 11859 [in red ink] 1 ♀ [in pencil] From eggs of Psocus July 15, 1888 o a”; 1 ♀: “11859 Cotype [in red ink] Alaptus caecilii Girault ♀ 1 ♀ [in pencil] Bred from eggs of Psocus July 17, 1888 o a”; 2 ♀: “11859 Cotype [in red ink] ♀ Alaptus caecilii Girault ♀ 20 [in pencil] Bred from eggs of Psocus [crossed out] Caecilius aurantiacus . Los Angeles, Cal. Aug. 29, 1888. Coquillett. o a”; 4 ♀, same data; 3 ♀, same data; 1 ♂, same data except “ June 30, 1888.”; 2 ♀, same data except “ Aug. 15, 1888.”; 1 ♀: 1. “Mymarid, Alaptus caecilii Girault ♀.”, 2. “Morrill No.</p><p>505. Hymenopterous parasite from breeding box containing Spiraea leaves infested by Aleyrodes fernaldi Morl. from Amherst Mass. 9/20 1906 (Morrill No. 505”)”; 2 ♀: 1. “Mymarid, Alaptus caecilii Girault 2 ♀. Cotype 11859 [in red ink]”, 2. “Morrill No. 2002. Hymenopterous parasites eggs of psocid (1005) on orange leaves bred 1 specimen 1 specimen taken on leaf near eggs. Morrill No. 2002 A. W. Morrill. 2/13 1907 (See Morrill No. 2009)”; 4 ♀: 1. “Mymarid, Alaptus caecilii Girault 4 ♀. Cotype 11859 [in red ink]”, 2. “Morrill No. 2009 Bred from Psocid eggs. Orlando, Fla. VIII, 5, 1907 4 ♀ [in pencil] E. A. Back”; 3 ♀, same data.</p><p>Material examined. BERMUDA [ISLANDS]: Bermuda Island, Southampton Parish, 4 Munro Lane, 22.v– 22.vi.2001, J. &amp; M. Munro [1 ♀, UCRC]. CANADA: ALBERTA, Medicine Hat, 21–28.vii.1980, G. Gibson [1 ♀, USNM]. USA: CALIFORNIA: Los Angeles Co.: Montebello, 11.x.1932, H. Compere [1 ♀, EMEC]. Norwalk, Studebaker, P.H. Timberlake (from psocid eggs): 27.xii.1911 [1 ♀, UCRC]; 1.i.1912 [2 ♀, UCRC]. Pico Rivera, 25–26.viii.1933, S.E. Flanders (on citrus) [4 ♀, EMEC]. Orange Co., Anaheim, 25.i.1933 (from psocid egg) [1 ♀, EMEC]. Sacramento Co., Sacramento, 6.v.1910 (from psocid eggs on citrus) [2 ♂, EMEC]. DELAWARE, New Castle Co., Newark, H.L. Dozier: 3.x.1925 (on maple) [2 ♀, USNM]; University of Delaware Agricultural Experiment Station, 12.viii.1929 (on window) [2 ♀, USNM]. FLORIDA: Orange Co., Orlando, 24.x.1954, A.G. Salhime (on citrus leaf) [1 ♀, USNM]. Pinellas Co., Clearwater, 13.x.1958, M.H. Muma (on citrus) [4 ♀, USNM]. Volusia Co., 6 mi. NE of DeLand, 9.iv.1953, H. Holtsberg [1 ♀, USNM]. ILLINOIS: Fayette Co.: Brownstown, 5.x.1958, R. Dysart (on leaves of Polygonum hydropiperoides) [5 ♀, INHS; 3 ♀, USNM]. Danville, xii.1939, K.M. Sommerman (“Ex. Caecilius aurantiacus on maple tree” [ C. aurantiacus (Hagen), the likely host, is a synonym of Valenzuela flavidus (Stephens) while C. aurantiacus (Chapman) is a synonym of Xanthocaecilius sommermanae (Mockford)]) [2 ♀, USNM]. Vermilion Co., Middle Fork Vermilion R. (near Catlin), emerged 4.iv.1940, K.M. Sommerman (from eggs of V. flavidus [as “ Caecilius aurantiacus Hagen ”]) [10 ♀, INHS]. LOUISIANA, East Baton Rouge Parish, Baton Rouge, 29.i.1932, W.E. Hinds (on Euonymus sp.) [2 ♀, EMEC]. MARYLAND, Prince George’s Co.: Laurel, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, M. Schauff: 10–18.vii.1980 [1 ♀, USNM]; 22– 29.viii.1980 [1 ♀, USNM]; 6–20.x.1980 [1 ♀, USNM]. Oxon Hill, 24.vi.1981, T. Rivnay (on apple) [1 ♀, USNM]. VIRGINIA, [locality unknown], 13.xii.1937 (“ex eggs of? Psocidae on Holly from Va. Intercepted at Windsor, Ont.” [Ontario, Canada]) [2 ♀, MLPA].</p><p>Extralimital material examined. ARGENTINA: TUCUMÁN, San Miguel de Tucumán, 5.v.1976, M. Rose (on lemon) [1 ♀, UCRC]. AUSTRALIA: QUEENSLAND, Gordonvale (along Mulgrave R.), 30.iii.1991, J.D. Pinto [1 ♀, UCRC]. CHINA: HONG KONG, Tai Po, 22.xi.1953, S.E. Flanders (from?psocid eggs) [21 ♀, 1 ♂, EMEC]. GUAM [ISLAND] (USA): Sumay Rd., 17.x.1936, O.H. Swezey (“ex eggs of Caecilius analis on cane leaf” [i.e., Stenocaecilius analis (Banks)]) [3 ♀, 1 ♂, USNM]. HAWAIIAN ISLANDS: USA, HAWAII: Kauai Island, Kilauea, 17.v.1906, R.C.L. Perkins (“B.M. 1955-742”) [3 ♀, BMNH]. [No data], labeled: 1. “R. C. L. Perkins coll. B.M. 1955-742”; 2. “ Alaptus immaturus P.” [6 ♀, 1 ♂, BMNH]. Oahu Island, Honolulu, 27– 28.i.1916, P.H. Timberlake (“Reared from Psocid eggs under whitish oval cocoon on Cassia, collected Jan. 15 ”) [15 ♀, 1 ♂, UCRC]. Also all the specimens in BPBM listed by Beardsley &amp; Huber (2000) as A.? immaturus; after their examination I confirm here their identity as belonging to this species. KENYA: Nyeri Co., Doondu Estate, T.W. Kirkpatrick (“Bred from coffee prunings attacked by coccid (no. 28)”): iv.1926 ” [3 ♀, BMNH]; v.1926 [2 ♀, BMNH] (det. Ch. Ferrière). Nairobi Co., Nairobi, iv.1965, T.F. Crowe (on tee leaves) [3 ♀, 1 ♂, BMNH]. MOZAMBIQUE: MANHIÇA, Manhiça District, Chimolo, iii.1962, D. Annecke (on citrus, Vila Pary) [1 ♂, UCRC]. PUERTO RICO (USA): Mayagüez, 28–30.vii.1935, H.L. Dozier (“Ex. Barbados cherry infested with psocid”) [1 ♀, 1 ♂, USNM]. SOUTH AFRICA: WESTERN CAPE, Stellenbosch, 22.xi.1948, F.E. Skinner (on wild olive) [3 ♀, EMEC]. TAIWAN (REPUBLIC OF CHINA): Peishankeng, 25.iii.1992, K.C. Chou (from egg mass of Psocoptera on Areca caterchu) [5 ♀, TARI]. Taichung: Anma Shan, 11–14.v.1992, K.C. Chou (from eggs of Psocoptera on Podocarpus macrophyllus) [2 ♀, 2 ♂, TARI]. Wufeng: 29.i.1992, K.C. Chou (from egg mass of Psocoptera on cabbage at TARI) [7 ♀, TARI]; 20.iii.1992, K.C. Chou (from eggs of Psocoptera on Averrhoa carambola) [9 ♀, 1 ♂, TARI]; 15.viii.1992, K.C. Chou (from eggs of Psocoptera on mango) [7 ♀, TARI]. THAILAND: TRANG, Forest Research Station, Khao Chong, 7°33’02’’N 99°47’23’’E, 75 m, 4–9.ii.2005, D. Yanega [1 ♀, UCRC].</p><p>Redescription. FEMALE (neotype). Vertex and occiput brownish (Fig. 59), rest of head whitish yellow except eye and ocelli dark red; scape and pedicel light yellow, flagellum brown; mesosoma yellow, gaster pale yellow with slight, irregular infuscations on terga laterally; legs pale yellow.</p><p>Antenna (Fig. 61) shorter than body, with scape (including radicle) 3.1× as long as wide; F1 much shorter than pedicel and the shortest funicle segment; F2 the longest funicle segment, notably shorter than pedicel and just slightly more than 2× as long as wide; F3–F5 equal in length; clava 3.4× as long as wide, with 4 mps, slightly longer than combined length of F2–F5.</p><p>Mesosoma (Fig. 62) almost as wide long as long. Fore wing (Fig. 63) 8.5× as long as wide; disc with a slight brownish tinge and with 3 or 4 setae in the middle besides the admarginal rows; longest marginal seta 3.4× maximum wing width. Hind wing about 15× as long as wide; disc more strongly infumate, with 1 row of setae closer to posterior margin; longest marginal seta 6.0× maximum wing width.</p><p>Gaster (Fig. 62) about the same length as mesosoma. Ovipositor occupying about 0.8× length of gaster, exserted beyond its apex by about 0.2× its own total length, and 1.4× length of metatibia.</p><p>Measurements of the neotype (µm). Body (length of critical point dried specimen prior to slide-mounting) about 350; mesosoma 154; gaster 157; ovipositor 163. Antenna: scape (including radicle) 60; pedicel 39; F1 21; F2 26; F3 24; F4 24; F5 24; clava 123. Fore wing 382:45; longest marginal seta 151. Hind wing 370:24; longest marginal seta 145.</p><p>Variation. Lectotype of A. caecilii (Fig. 65): body length 321 µm; scape 2.1× as long as wide; F2 shorter than pedicel, clava 4.4× as long as wide; fore wing 10.0× as long as wide, disc with 3 or 4 setae in an incomplete median row in the middle; ovipositor 1.3× length of metatibia. Holotype of A. antillanus: vertex brown, body yellow, fore wing disc with 3 setae in an incomplete median row in the middle. Paralectotypes of A. caecilii: body length 290– 375 µm; scape about 2.6× as long as wide; clava 3.6–4.6× as long as wide; fore wing 9.1–10.5× as long as wide, disc with 1–7 setae in an incomplete median row in the middle; ovipositor 1.1–1.3× length of metatibia. Non-type specimens from the Hawaiian Islands (Figs 66, 67): body length 310–430 µm; scape about 3.3× as long as wide; F2 shorter than pedicel, clava 3.3–3.5× as long as wide; fore wing 10.2–11.0× as long as wide, disc with 2–6 setae in an incomplete median row in the middle; ovipositor 1.35–1.6× length of metatibia.</p><p>MALE (paralectotype of A. caecilii (Figs 70, 71), non-type specimens from California (USA), Guam, and the Hawaiian Islands (Figs 68, 69)). Body length 290–480 µm; mesosoma and metasoma a little darker than in female. Antenna (Figs 70, 72) with scape about 2.7× as long as wide, F1 shorter than pedicel and other flagellar segments, F2 a little shorter than pedicel; fore wing (Fig. 73) 8.5–9.4× as long as wide and its disc with 1–5 setae in an incomplete median row; genitalia as in Fig. 69.</p><p>Diagnosis. See that of A. stammeri Soyka.</p><p>Distribution. Nearctic: Bermuda *, Canada * and USA; Neotropical: Argentina (De Santis 1979 [as A. caecilii]), Jamaica (Cheke &amp; Turner 1974 [as A. antillanus]), and Puerto Rico (USA) (De Santis 1979 [as A. caecilii]); Afrotropical: Kenya (Ferrière 1930; Debauche 1949 [as A. caecilii]), Mozambique *, and South Africa *; Australasian: Australia; Oceania: Guam * and Hawaiian Islands (USA). Oriental: China * (Hong Kong),? India, Taiwan *, and Thailand *. The record of A. caecilii from Santiago Island, Cape Verde by Viggiani &amp; van Harten (1996) is likely incorrect: I have examined the specimens from São Jorge dos Órgãos, collected by A. van Harten (iv.1980 [1 ♀, DEZA]; x.1989 [1 ♀, DEZA]), and these are not A. immaturus as they have a dark body which is not entirely yellow.</p><p>Hosts. Stenocaecilius analis (Banks) [new record], Valenzuela caribensis (Mockford) [as Caecilius caribensis Mockford (Cheke &amp; Turner 1974) and “ Caecilius aurantiacus ” (De Santis 1989)] for A. antillanus, Valenzuela flavidus (Stephens) for A. caecilii (Girault 1908 [as “ C. aurantiacus Hagen ”]), and Valenzuela manteri (Sommerman) (Caeciliusidae) (Peck 1963; Noyes 2016); some host records may, however, need verification.</p><p>Comments. Alaptus pyronus Anwar &amp; Zeya from India is seemingly very similar in most aspects to A. immaturus, which is very likely to occur in that country, including having F2 of the female antenna notably shorter than pedicel, but in the former the head is described as being pale yellow, without mention of a dark vertex (Anwar &amp; Zeya 2014) characteristic of the latter species and also A. stammeri . Thus, the issue about their likely conspecificity remains unresolved.</p><p>There are many uncleared, slide-mounted specimens in MLPA collected by A.A. Ogloblin in Argentina, mainly in Buenos Aires Province (some reared from psocid eggs) and Misiones (mostly in Loreto, including those reared from psocid eggs on citrus), which were identified by him as A. caecilii or A.? caecilii . Undoubtedly, De Santis (1979) included the record of that species from Argentina in his catalog based on these specimens. However, only a few of them resemble A. immaturus, while some females (particularly those from Bella Vista, Buenos Aires) look more like A. stammeri in having F2 notably longer, about as long as pedicel, and the others were clearly misidentified. The latter belong to several morphospecies one of which is more similar to A. pallidicornis and the related taxa in lacking discal setae on the fore wing other than the admarginal rows of setae.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A3B84BFFB9FF92FF15B3DEFB2875F6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Serguei V. Triapitsyn	Serguei V. Triapitsyn (2017): Revision of Alaptus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in the Holarctic region, with taxonomic notes on some extralimital species. Zootaxa 4279 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4279.1.1
03A3B84BFF80FF9FFF15B0C5FE3B712D.text	03A3B84BFF80FF9FFF15B0C5FE3B712D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alaptus klonx Triapitsyn	<div><p>Alaptus klonx Triapitsyn, sp. n.</p><p>(Figs 74–81)</p><p>Type material. Holotype female [UCRC] on slide (Fig. 76) labeled: 1. “USA, Florida, Jefferson Co., Monticello, University of Florida North Florida Research &amp; Educa-tion Center, 315. viii.2002, R. Mizell, III, MT at forest edge”; 2. “ Mounted by V. V. Berezovskiy 2015 in Canada balsam ”; 3. [magenta] “ Alaptus klonx Triapitsyn HOLOTYPE ♀ ”; 4. “ Det. by S. V. Triapitsyn 2015 ”; 5. [database label] “ Univ. Calif. Riverside Ent. Res. Museum UCRC ENT 382897 ” . The Malaise trap that captured the holotype had been installed by S.V. Triapitsyn and V.V. Berezovskiy in the former University of Florida North Florida Research &amp; Education Center in Monticello, Florida, and then was kindly maintained for several years by Russell F. Mizell, III. The holotype is dissected into many parts under 3 coverslips; missing are scape of one antenna as well as F5–F5 of the other antenna, and also one hind wing . Paratypes: USA: MICHIGAN, Ingham Co., Meridian Charter Township, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.381584&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.693695" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.381584/lat 42.693695)">Legg Park</a> (near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.381584&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.693695" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.381584/lat 42.693695)">Birchwood</a>), 42°41’37.3’’N 84°22’53.7’’W, 258 m, 14.viii.2015, T. Petrice (in canopy of Fraxinus americana) [2 ♀ on points, 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ on slides, UCRC] . NEW YORK, Seneca Co., 4.5 mi. SW of Lodi, Silver Thread Vineyard, 42°33’45.5’’N 76°52’27.2’’W, 202 m, 30.vii–14.viii.2010, G. Loeb, S.V. Triapitsyn [1 ♀ on slide, UCRC] .</p><p>Description. FEMALE (holotype). Head very dark brown; scape and pedicel yellowish-light brown, flagellum brown; mesosoma almost white laterally, mesonotum brown except anterior scutellum light brown; legs yellowish, gaster dark brown.</p><p>Antenna (Fig. 74) about as long as body, with scape (including radicle) about 2.9× as long as wide and smooth; pedicel slightly longer than F1; F1 the shortest funicle segment, F2 a little less than 6.0× as long as wide and the longest funicle segment, F4 almost as long as F3 and longer than F5; clava about 4.8× as long as wide, with 4 mps, a little shorter than combined length of F3–F5.</p><p>Mesosoma about 1.5× as long as wide. Fore wing (Fig. 75) about 8.5× as long as wide; disc with a slight brownish tinge and a complete row of 20 setae closer to anterior margin besides the admarginal rows; longest marginal seta 3.2× maximum wing width. Hind wing (Fig. 75) 17× as long as wide; disc more strongly infumate, with 1 row of setae closer to posterior margin; longest marginal seta 6.0× maximum wing width.</p><p>Ovipositor (Fig. 77) longer than body, strongly exserted beyond apex of gaster (by about 0.5× its own total length), occupying its entire length, and 3.3× length of metatibia.</p><p>Measurements (µm) of the holotype. Body (measurement taken from the dry specimen prior to slidemounting) 347; gaster 326; ovipositor 571. Antenna: scape (including radicle) 70; pedicel 42; F1 38; F2 63; F3 52; F4 51; F5 45; clava 132. Fore wing 507:60; longest marginal seta 179. Hind wing 510:30; longest marginal seta 194.</p><p>Variation (slide-mounted paratypes except when indicated otherwise). Body length (dry-mounted, critical point dried specimens) 460–480 µm. Scape (including radicle) 3.4× as long as wide; pedicel about as long as F1; clava 3.6–5.1× as long as wide. Fore wing 8.1–8.6× as long as wide; disc with a complete row of 20–22 setae closer to anterior admarginal row (occasionally an additional seta present just behind the complete row of setae, near apex); longest marginal seta 2.9× maximum wing width. Hind wing with longest marginal seta 5.9× maximum wing width. Ovipositor 2.8–3.0× length of metatibia.</p><p>MALE (paratype). Body length (slide-mounted specimen) 570 µm. Similar to female except for normal sexually dimorphic features and the following. Antenna (Fig. 80) with scape (including radicle) 2.8× as long as wide; all funicle segments longer than pedicel. Fore wing (Fig. 81) 7.8× as long as wide, disc with 3 or 4 additional setae behind the complete row of setae in the widest part; hind wing 17× as long as wide. Genitalia as in Fig. 78.</p><p>Diagnosis. Female of A. klonx is characterized by a very long ovipositor, which is longer than body and exserted beyond the gastral apex by about 0.5× its total length and 2.8–3.3× length of metatibia, and also by the fore wing disc with a complete row of 20–22 setae closer to the anterior margin. In two similar Holarctic species with very long, notably exserted ovipositors, A. terebrans and A. longicaudatus, the former has the ovipositor shorter than body, 2.2–2.6× (but in the tentatively identified specimens from the USA 2.8–3.0×) length of metatibia, and exserted at most by about a third of its total length, whereas in the latter it is 3.7–3.9× length of metatibia and exserted by about 0.7× its own total length. Alaptus klonx, which has the mesosoma almost white laterally (Fig. 79), is definitely more similar to A. terebrans whose mesosoma is always brown laterally.</p><p>Etymology. The species name is a noun in apposition and a combination of letters without any meaning.</p><p>Hosts. Unknown.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A3B84BFF80FF9FFF15B0C5FE3B712D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Serguei V. Triapitsyn	Serguei V. Triapitsyn (2017): Revision of Alaptus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in the Holarctic region, with taxonomic notes on some extralimital species. Zootaxa 4279 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4279.1.1
03A3B84BFF8EFF9EFF15B3FDFEB973DC.text	03A3B84BFF8EFF9EFF15B3FDFEB973DC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alaptus longicaudatus Lou, Cao & Lou 1999	<div><p>Alaptus longicaudatus Lou, Cao &amp; Lou, 1999</p><p>(Figs 82–85)</p><p>Alaptus longicaudatus Lou, Cao &amp; Lou 1999: 430 –431. Type locality: Jingpo (as “Jingbo”) Lake (ca. 44°N 129°E), Ningan Co., Heilongjiang, China . Holotype female [ Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China] (not examined).</p><p>Material examined. RUSSIA: PRIMORSKIY KRAY, Ussuriyskiy rayon, Gornotayozhnoye, M.V. Michailovskaya: 24.vii–1.viii.1999 [1 ♀, UCRC] ; 12–17.viii.1999 [1 ♀, UCRC]; 15–17.vii.2000 [1 ♀, ZIN]; 11– 20.viii.2000 [1 ♀, UCRC]; 24–30.vii.2003 [1 ♀, UCRC]; 11–15.viii.2003 [1 ♀, IPBV].</p><p>Redescription. FEMALE (non-type specimens from Primorskiy kray, Russia). Body length (slide-mounted specimens) 580–630 µm. Head brown to dark brown (vertex); antenna yellowish-light brown except clava brown; mesosoma and metasoma brown except apical gastral terga a little darker, ovipositor sheath yellowish, and ovipositor dark brown; legs yellowish-light brown.</p><p>Vertex faintly transversely striate. Antenna (Fig. 83) a little shorter than body, with scape (including radicle) 2.7–3.0× as long as wide and smooth; pedicel either slightly shorter than F1 or about as long or slightly longer; F2 4.0–4.5× as long as wide, either a little longer than or about as long as F1, the following funicle segments a little shorter; clava 4.7–5.1× as long as wide, with 4 mps, usually a little shorter than (but sometimes about as long as) combined length of F2–F5.</p><p>Mesosoma (Fig. 82) 1.2–1.3× as long as wide. Midlobe of mesoscutum finely reticulate, with adnotaular seta rather long (36–42 µm); axillar seta also long (33–45 µm); frenum of scutellum with larger, fine longitudinal striations. Fore wing (Fig. 84) 8.2–8.9× as long as wide; disc with a slight brownish tinge (more so basally) and a complete row of 21–25 setae closer to anterior margin as well as from 1 to several additional setae behind it, besides the admarginal rows; longest marginal seta 3.1–3.4× maximum wing width. Hind wing (Fig. 85) 18–19× as long as wide; disc more strongly infumate, with 1 median row of setae; longest marginal seta 6.6–7.0× maximum wing width.</p><p>Gaster (Fig. 82) longer than mesosoma. Ovipositor longer than body, strongly exserted beyond apex of gaster (by about 0.7× its own total length), occupying at least 0.9× its length (often its entire length), and 3.7–3.9× length of metatibia.</p><p>MALE. Known, see Lou et al. (1999).</p><p>Diagnosis. Female of A. longicaudatus is distinctive due to its very long ovipositor (Fig. 82) which is strongly exserted beyond the gastral apex (by about 0.7× its own total length).</p><p>Distribution. Palaearctic: China (Heilongjiang, Jilin) and Russia * (Primorskiy kray).</p><p>Hosts. Unknown.</p><p>Comments. Besides the holotype, this species was also described from the 5 female and 2 male paratypes (Lou et al. 1999) from Heilongjiang and Jilin provinces of China. The specimens from the Russian Far East, which were collected within 250 km from the type locality, match quite well the original description and illustrations of Lou et al. (1999).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A3B84BFF8EFF9EFF15B3FDFEB973DC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Serguei V. Triapitsyn	Serguei V. Triapitsyn (2017): Revision of Alaptus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in the Holarctic region, with taxonomic notes on some extralimital species. Zootaxa 4279 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4279.1.1
03A3B84BFF8FFF81FF15B68CFA9173A0.text	03A3B84BFF8FFF81FF15B68CFA9173A0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alaptus minimus Westwood 1839	<div><p>Alaptus minimus Westwood, 1839</p><p>(Figs 86–110)</p><p>Alaptus minimus Westwood 1839: 79 . Type locality: unknown (United Kingdom, most likely England).</p><p>Alaptus minimus Westwood (or, sometimes, incorrectly either as Walker or Haliday in Walker): Walker 1846: 51 (very short diagnosis); Kirchner 1867: 201 (catalog); Dalla Torre 1898: 428 (catalog); Girault 1908: 182 (history, list only: see “Comments” under A. antennatus); Soyka 1939a: 17 –18 (historical review, redescription of female, incorrect type designations); Soyka 1939b: 30 (key); Debauche 1948: 55 –56 (list, key), 59–60 (diagnosis of female, remarks), plate VII (illustrations); Soyka 1948: 75 (key); Debauche 1949: 10 –12 (redescription); Kryger 1950: 33 (a good species), 35 (diagnosis, host associations, distribution, in part); Soyka 1950: 121 (distribution); Hincks 1959: 139 –144 (historical review, type material, key, synonymy, diagnosis, illustrations, distribution); Boţoc 1963: 95 –96 (diagnosis, measurements), 98 (illustrations); New 1969: 182 –192 (biology); Hellén 1974: 14 –15 (key, diagnosis, distribution); Trjapitzin 1978: 523 (key, distribution); Donev 1978: 458 –459 (distribution); Graham 1982: 194 (designation of paralectotypes); Donev 1985a: 62 (distribution); Donev 1985b: 66 (distribution); Donev 1987: 75 (distribution); Donev 1988a: 178 (distribution); Donev 1988b: 205 (distribution); Viggiani &amp; Jesu 1988: 1020 (distribution in Italy); Pagliano &amp; Navone 1995: 35 (list); Viggiani &amp; van Harten 1996: 72 –73 (record from Santiago Island, Cape Verde); Pricop 2009: 123 (list); Pricop 2013: 72, 74 (illustrations, 78 (distribution); Triapitsyn 2015: 218 (list).</p><p>Alaptus intonsipennis Girault 1910: 244 –245. Type locality: Hendrix (near Bloomington, in a waiting-room of a railway station), McLean Co., Illinois, USA. Syn. n.</p><p>Alaptus intonsipennis Girault: Girault 1911b: 323 (list); Frison 1927: 266 (lectotype designation); Girault 1929: 10 (key); Soyka 1939b: 31 (list); Peck 1963: 28 (catalog).</p><p>Parvulinus auranti García Mercet 1912: 332 (illustrations), 333–335. Type locality: Valencia, Spain. Syn. n.</p><p>Alaptus maccabei Girault 1913c: 109 . Type locality (of the lectotype): Herberton, Queensland, Australia. Lectotype female [QMBA], designated by Dahms 1984: 780, examined (Triapitsyn &amp; Berezovskiy 2004). Syn. n.</p><p>Alaptus maccabei Girault 1914: 111 . Type locality (of the “Type”, which is the same specimen as the lectotype of A. maccabei Girault, 1913): Herberton, Queensland, Australia.</p><p>Parvulinus auranti Mercet: Girault 1913a: 221 (likely a synonym of A. minimus); Peck 1963: 26 (catalog).</p><p>Alaptus borinquensis Dozier 1932: 90 –91. Type locality: Río Piedras (formerly a municipality, now part of San Juan), Puerto Rico (USA). Syn. n.</p><p>Alaptus maidli Soyka 1939b: 28 –29, 30 (key). Type locality: St. Ignatius Jesuit College (Ignatiuskolleg), Valkenburg, Limburg, Netherlands. Syn. n.</p><p>Alaptus maccabaei [sic] Girault: Soyka 1939b: 31 (list).</p><p>Alaptus malchinensis Soyka 1948: 71 –72, 75 (key). Type locality: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=12.766666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=53.766666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 12.766666/lat 53.766666)">Jettchenshof</a> (as “ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=12.766666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=53.766666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 12.766666/lat 53.766666)">Jettchens Hof</a> ”; a farm adjacent to the woods, ca. 1 km E of Pisede, ca. 53°46’N 12°46’E, 12 m, formerly in <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=12.766666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=53.766666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 12.766666/lat 53.766666)">Landkreis Demmin</a>), Malchin, Mecklenburgische Seenplatte, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany. Syn. n.</p><p>Parvulinus aurantii Mercet (misspelling): Debauche 1948: 55 (list); Nikol’skaya 1952: 540–541 (incorrect host associations, illustrations, species identification likely incorrect); Shutova &amp; Kukhtina 1955: 216 (list).</p><p>Alaptus maidli Soyka: Debauche 1948: 55 –56 (list, key); Soyka 1948: 75 (key); Trjapitzin 1978: 523 (key, distribution); Donev 1987: 75 (distribution); Donev 1988b: 205 (distribution).</p><p>Alaptus crassus Kryger 1950: 33 [as A. crassus Enock]. Type locality (of the lectotype designated by Hincks 1959: 142): Goring-by-Sea, West Sussex Co., England, UK. Synonymized under A. minimus by Hincks 1959: 141 –142.</p><p>Alaptus parvulinus [sic] Mercet: Kryger 1950: 35 (list).</p><p>Alaptus uncinatus Kryger 1950: 36 [as A. uncinatus Enock]. Type locality (of the lectotype designated by Hincks 1959: 142): Richmond, London Borough of Richmond upon Thames, England, UK. Synonymized under A. minimus by Hincks 1959: 141 –142.</p><p>Alaptus aegyptiacus Soyka 1950: 121 –122. Type locality: Alexandria, Alexandria Governorate, Egypt. Syn. n.</p><p>Alaptus auranti (Mercet): Peck 1963: 26 (catalog); Yoshimoto 1990: 23 (list).</p><p>Alaptus borinquensis Dozier: De Santis 1979: 362 (catalog); Huber &amp; Noyes 2013: 18 (mentioned), 36 (type information, body length measurements), 38 (mentioned).</p><p>Alaptus malchinensis Soyka: Vidal 2001: 60 (list).</p><p>Alaptus maccabei Girault: Lin et al. 2007: 21 (list).</p><p>Alaptus aegyptiacus Soyka: Huber et al. 2009: 271 (list).</p><p>Type material examined. Alaptus minimus Westwood: lectotype female [NMID], designated by Hincks 1959: 141 and remounted by W.D. Hincks from the original card (Fig. 86), on slide (Fig. 88) labeled: 1. “ Alaptus minimus Haliday in Walker, 1846 . LECTOTYPE [in red ink] ♀”, 2. “From Card 97 Haliday coll. in National Mus. Dublin. Selected by W. D. Hincks I.1958 Mtd. in Gum Chloral.”. The specimen is dirty but otherwise in fair condition, mounted dorsoventrally, lacking one fore leg and both middle legs. The water-soluble, gum chloral-based mounting medium (Berlese fluid or Hoyer’s) has already dried near the edges under the large coverslip, so eventually the lectotype will need to be remounted in Canada balsam; that needs to be done before the dry areas reach and potentially rupture the specimen. The slide is in a MMUE-style brown envelope (Fig. 87) labeled: “ Alaptus minimus Haliday in Walker, 1846 . LECTOTYPE [in red ink] ♀ Selected by W D Hincks I.1958 Haliday Collection, National Museum, Dublin From Card no. 97 Mounted in Gum Chloral.”. In the main A.H. Haliday collection of Mymaridae in NMID, there is a pin above the printed label “1 minimus Walk. ” (Fig. 86) with a note written by W.D. Hincks: “Card 97 LECTOTYPE [in red ink] of Alaptus minimus Haliday in Walker, 1846 Selected by W. D. Hincks I.1958 and mounted on a glass slide”. Also a paralectotype female [OUMNH], designated by Graham 1982: 194, on card labeled: 1. “5”, 2. “ Alaptus minimus Wlk. Haliday Coll ”, 3. [M.R.W. de Vere Graham’s number] “W12”. The specimen, which is in good condition, was listed by Graham (1982: 238) as “ Alaptus ? minimus Westwood ♀”.</p><p>Alaptus aegyptiacus Soyka: apparently the holotype female [ISNB] on slide (Fig. 100) labeled: 1. “ Alaptus ♀ aegyptiacus (Soyka) 9.III.32. Coll. Soyka”, 2. [red] “Para-Type”, 3. “R. I. Sc. Nat. Belg. L. G. 17.724”, 4. “J. Ghesquière vid., 1951!”, 5. “Alexandria on Oleander with Saissetia oleae Aspid. hederae Pseud. longispinus ”. Even though this specimen (Fig. 101), which is in good condition, mounted laterally, and complete, is labeled as a “Para-Type”, it has to be the holotype because its label data matches its published data perfectly (Soyka 1950); W. Soyka probably had not marked the types of this species initially and mislabeled it later. The allotype male (also from Alexandria, Egypt), from which this species was described besides the holotype female, is likely lost from PPDD along with the other W. Soyka’s types of the Egyptian Mymaridae deposited there (Magdy Salem, personal communication). The following non-type specimens, identified by W. Soyka as A. aegyptiacus, were examined: 1 female [NHMW] on slide labeled: 1. “ Alaptus ♀ aegyptiacus (Soyka) ”, 2. [red] “Co-Type”, 3. “Chalcid [crossed out] Guava Mataria [likely = Al Mataria, (El-Zaitoun), Cairo, Egypt] 243. 24-3-21 ” [the specimen was likely collected by the coccidologist [W.J.] Hall (Soyka 1950)]; 1 male [NHMW] on slide labeled: 1. “ Alaptus ♂ aegyptiacus (Soyka) ”, 2. [red] “Co-Type”, 3. “Alexandria on Eggs of Psocid 22.4.33 ”; 1 female [NHMW] on slide labeled: 1. “ Alaptus ♀ aegyptiacus (Soyka) ”, 2. [an empty red label], 3. [scratched on glass] “Chalcid sp. Jasmine Zaitoun 5/II – 19/3/21]” (also likely collected by W.J. Hall).</p><p>Parvulinus auranti García Mercet: I examined 3 female syntypes, all on slides, on loan from MNCN (no type specimens were mentioned in the original description besides their type locality). Lectotype female [MNCN], here designated to avoid the existing confusion regarding the status of the type specimens of this taxon, on slide (Fig. 89) labeled: 1. [partially in pencil, India ink, and printed] “ 9-XI- 911 tipo gen. Parvulinus auranti Mercet Naranja Valencia Prep. J. Sanz”; 2. [red] “MNCN Cat. Tipos N o 10309”; 3. [database number] “MNCN_Ent 120126 ”. The lectotype (Fig. 90), collected on 9.xi.1911, is in good condition, complete, mounted dorsoventrally in what appears to be a well-preserved Hoyer’s medium; if this is indeed the case, it may eventually need to be remounted in a permanent medium such as Canada balsam. Paralectotypes [MNCN]: two females on individual slides with the similar label data as on the lectotype slide except for the different collection dates and database numbers but lacking “tipo” inscription in India ink and the red type number label: 1 complete female, “ 19-IV- 912”, MNCN_Ent 120123; and appendages and 1 mandible dissected from another female (“ 7-XI- 911”, MNCN_Ent 120123), under 1 coverslip in a completely dried Hoyer’s medium (apparently the illustrations provided in the original description were made from this slide); 3 other females on slides in MNCN (not examined), with the same original label data except for the following collection dates: “ 25-XI- 911”, “ 29-XI- 911”, and “ 30-XI- 911” (Mercedes París, personal communication). Also 1 paralectotype female [DEZA] on slide labeled: 1. “ Parvulinus auranti Mercet naranja [in pencil] Valencia Prep. J. Sanz”; 2. “ Alaptus minimus Halid. ♀ ” (in G. Viggiani’s handwriting).</p><p>Alaptus borinquensis Dozier: lectotype female [USNM], here designated to avoid the existing confusion about the status of the specimens of the type series and the identity of this species, on slide (Fig. 109) labeled: 1. “ Alaptus borinquensis Dozier 1 ♀ Reared from Asterolecanium pustulans material on Cassia fistula May 17–1925 Rio Piedras, P.R. H. L. Dozier”; 2. [red] “ Alaptus borinquensis Dozier Type ♀ Type No. 43879 U.S.N.M.”. The lectotype (Fig. 110) is uncleared, complete, mounted dorsoventrally. Paralectotypes [USNM]: 1 female on slide, same data as the lectotype except “ May 14–1925 ” and “Paratype” (no USNM number); 1 female and 2 males under the same coverslip on slide, same data as the lectotype except “2 ♂ + 1 ♀”, “ May 19–1925 ”, and “Type ♂” (no USNM number). Paratype: 1 female [USNM] on slide, same data as the lectotype except “ May 19–1925 ” and “Paratype”; it was specifically mentioned as such by Dozier (1932, p. 91) as the one deposited in the USNM under No. 43879, and thus it was not part of the original syntype series.</p><p>Alaptus crassus Kryger: lectotype female [BMNH] on slide labeled: 1. [in red ink, BMNH type number] “5.1651”; 2. “Goring 17.7.12 C. Waterhouse”; 3. [printed] “1919-185”; 4. “ Alaptus crassus ♀ Enock”; 5. “ Alaptus crassus (Enock Mss.) Kryger, 1950 . LECTOTYPE [in red ink] Selected by W. D. Hincks 12.57”. The lectotype is in good condition but uncleared, mounted dorsoventrally, complete.</p><p>Alaptus intonsipennis Girault: lectotype female [INHS], designated by Frison (1927), on slide labeled: 1. “ ♀ Alaptus intonsipennis Girault. Hendrix, Illinois July 22, 1910. Aag. On window of waiting room at station. [an illegible code added later]”; 2. “no.44115 Types. 2 ♀ ’s.”; 3. [red] “ LECTOTYPE Alaptus intonsipennis ♀ Girault”; 4. [database label] “INHS Insect Collection 508,933”; 5. [on the underside, blue] “ PARATYPE ♀ Alaptus intonsipennis Girault ”. The lectotype is uncleared, mounted ventrodorsally, in poor condition, complete; it is under the same coverslip with a female paralectotype, which has the head plus antennae detached from the body.</p><p>Alaptus maccabei Girault: paralectotype female [USNM], here designated, based on this original syntype which was not mentioned or examined by Dahms (1984), on slide labeled: 1. “ ♀ Alaptus maccabei Girault ♀ cotype ♂ Trichogramma australicum Girault ”; 2. “ Neobrachista fasciata Girault [an illegible word] ♂ [2 illegible words] Nelson, N. Q. IV.10.1912 window”; 3. [red] “ Alaptus maccabei Gir. Cotype No. U.S. N.M. ”.</p><p>Alaptus maidli Soyka: holotype female [NHMW] on slide (Fig. 106) labeled: 1. “ Alaptus ♀ maidli Soyka Type”, 2. [red] “Type”, 3. “Valkenburg – Holland Ign. Kolleg – am Fenster Oktober 1931, Coll. et det. W. Soyka In Canadabalsam”. The holotype (Figs 107, 108) is in poor condition (strongly shriveled, with the head collapsed), mounted laterally, almost complete (lacking tips of one fore wing and one hind wing).</p><p>Alaptus malchinensis Soyka: lectotype female [NHMW], here designated to avoid the existing confusion regarding the status of the type specimens of this taxon, on slide (Fig. 97) labeled: 1. “ Alaptus ♀ malchinensis (Soyka) det. W. Soyka”, 2. [red] “Type 1”, 3. “Malchin Mecklenburg Jettchens Hof Aug. 1935 Coll. Dr. Stammer In Canadab.”. The lectotype (Fig. 96) is in fair condition, mounted dorsoventrally with head + antennae detached from the body, complete. Paralectotypes (the species was described from 1 “type” and 20 “cotypes” but actually 2 females are marked as “Type” among them): 1 female [NHMW] on slide labeled: 1. “ Alaptus ♀ malchinensis (Soyka) ”, 2. [red] “Type 2”, 3. “Malchin Mecklenburg Jettchens Hof Aug. 1935 Coll. J. Stammer In Canadabalsam”; 1 female [NHMW] on slide labeled: 1. “ Alaptus ♀ malchinensis Soyka ”, 2. [red] “Co-Type”, 3. “Malchin Mecklenburg Jettchens Hof Aug. 1936 Coll. Dr. Stammer In Canadabalsam”; 1 female [NHMW] on slide labeled: 1. “ Alaptus ♀ malchinensis (Soyka) ”, 2. [red] “Co-Type”, 3. “Malchin Mecklenburg Jettchens Hof Aug. 1936 Coll. Dr. Stammer In Canadabalsam”; 1 female [NHMW] on slide labeled: 1. “ Alaptus ♀ malchinensis Soyka det. W. Soyka”, 2. [red] “Co-Type”, 3. “Malchin Mecklenburg Jettchens Hof Aug. 1935 Coll. Dr. Stammer In Canadabalsam”; 1 female [ISNB] on slide labeled: 1. “ Alaptus ♀ malchinensis Soyka det. W. Soyka”, 2. [red] “Para-Type”, 3. “R. I. Sc. Nat. Belg. L. G. 17.724”, 4. “J. Ghesquière vid., 1951!”, 5. “Malchin Mecklenburg Jettchens Hof August 1936 Coll. Soyka Lg Dr. Stammer In Canadabalsam”.</p><p>Alaptus uncinatus Kryger: lectotype female [BMNH] on slide labeled: 1. “ Alaptus uncinatus Enock [in pencil] ♀ Richmond 18-9-12 C. Waterhouse”; 2. [printed] “1919-185”; 3. “ Alaptus uncinatus (Enock Ms.) Kryger 1950 . 5.1652 LECTOTYPE [in red ink] ♀ Selected by W. D. Hincks 12.57.”. The lectotype is uncleared, mounted dorsoventrally, perfectly spread out, lacking clava of one antenna.</p><p>Material examined. AUSTRIA: TYROL, Krössbach, W. Soyka: 26.vi.1945 (on window from hay) [1 ♀, NHMW] (identified by W. Soyka A. foersteri); 5.ix.1949 (on window) [1 ♀, NHMW] (labeled by W. Soyka as a “Type” of A. alpinus [his manuscript name]). BELGIUM: FLEMISH BRABANT: Leuven: Egenhoven, 4.ix.1941, H.R. Debauche [1 ♀, ISNB]. Heverlee: 19.ix.1941, H.R. Debauche [1 ♀, ISNB]; 9.vii.1942, H.R. Debauche [3 ♀, ISNB]; 9.vii.1942, H.R. Debauche [1 ♀, ISNB]; 30.vii.1942, A. Raignier [1 ♀, ISNB]. Kampenhout, 5.ix.1941, H.R. Debauche [1 ♀, ISNB]. Tervuren: Bois des Capucins, 20.vi.1942, H.R. Debauche [1 ♀, ISNB]; Étang du Merisier, 4.vii.1945, H.R. Debauche [1 ♀, ISNB]. LIÈGE, Wanze, Antheit, Corphalie, R. Detry: 28.vii– 11.viii.1989 [1 ♀, ISNB]; 28.vi–6.vii.1990 [1 ♀, ISNB]. CANADA: NEW BRUNSWICK, Fredericton, 11.vii.1933, R.E. Balch [1 ♂, MLPA]. ONTARIO: One Sided Lake, 16.vii.1960, S.M. Clark [1 ♀, 3 ♂, CNC]. Oxford Mills, 13.vii.1978, N. Tulsiram [1 ♀, 1 ♂, CNC]. Spencerville, 15.viii.1978, L. Masner [1 ♀, CNC]. Sturgeon Falls, 18.vii.1973, C.M. Yoshimoto [1 ♀, CNC]. DENMARK: HOVEDSTADEN, Dyrehaven (Jaegersborg Dyrehave, Zealand Island), Fortunens Indelukke, O. Bakkendorf: 21.iv.1947 [1 ♀, ZMUC]; 15.vii.1951 [1 ♀, ZMUC]. ESTONIA: Lääne Co., Vormsi Island, Norrby, 8.viii.2002, M. Koponen [1 ♀, FMNH]. FINLAND: CENTRAL OSTROBOTHNIA, Kalajoki (Himanka), 1.viii.1995, M. Koponen [1 ♂, FMNH]. PÄIJÄNNE TAVASTIA, Heinola, 20.vii.1983, M. Koponen [1 ♀, FMNH]. SATAKUNTA, Nakkila, 10.viii.1992, M. Koponen [2 ♀, FMNH]. SOUTH KARELIA, Rautjärvi, 3.vii.1990, M. Koponen [1 ♀, FMNH]. SOUTHERN OSTROBOTHNIA: Alajärvi, 1.viii.1995, M. Koponen [1 ♀, FMNH]. Kauhava (Alahärmä), 1.viii.1995, M. Koponen [1 ♀, FMNH]. SOUTHERN SAVONIA: Mikkeli, M. Koponen: 17.viii.1980 [1 ♀, FMNH]; 12.vii.1981 [2 ♀, FMNH]; 25.viii.1996 [1 ♀, FMNH]; 27.viii.2000 [1 ♀, FMNH]. Pieksänmaa, Sorsasalo, 21.vii–17.viii.2001, P. Martikainen (on aspen) [1 ♀, FMNH]. TAVASTIA PROPER, Hämeenlinna (Lammi), 23.viii.1981, M. Koponen [1 ♀, FMNH]. UUSIMAA: Helsinki: 28.vii.1981, M. Koponen [1 ♀, FMNH]; 29.viii.1982, Y. Zhongqi (Viikki) [1 ♀, FMNH]. Hyvinkää, 19.vii.1981, M. Koponen [3 ♂, FMNH]. Inkoo (Ingå), 30.viii.1981, M. Koponen [2 ♀, FMNH]. Kirkkonummi, 20.viii.1981, M. Koponen [1 ♀, FMNH]. Nurmijärvi, M. Koponen: 28.viii.1982 [1 ♀, FMNH]; 15.ix.1984 [1 ♀, FMNH]; 5.viii.1986 [2 ♀, FMNH]; 30.viii.1987 [1 ♀, FMNH]; 5.viii.1990 [1 ♀, FMNH]; 1.ix.1993 [1 ♀, FMNH]; 23.ix.1993 [1 ♀, FMNH]; 12.viii.1995 [1 ♀, 1 ♂, FMNH]; 15.viii.1995 [4 ♀, FMNH]. Sipoo, 26.vii.1981, M. Koponen [5 ♀, 2 ♂, FMNH]. Tuusula, 3.ix.1992, M. Koponen [1 ♀, FMNH]. Vantaa, 6.viii.1980, M. Koponen [1 ♀, FMNH]. FRANCE: BOUCHES-DU-RHÔNE, Rognes, 13.vii.1978, M.W.R. de Vere Graham [1 ♀, BMNH]. GIRONDE, Sainte Colombe, 44°54’N 00°02’W, M. van Helden: 2.vii.1998 [6 ♀, UCRC]; 30.vii.1998 [7 ♀, 5 ♂, UCRC]; 13.viii.1998 [6 ♀, 2 ♂, UCRC]; 27.viii.1998 [1 ♀, UCRC]; 9.vii.1999 [10 ♀, 5 ♂, UCRC]. GEORGIA: ADJARA: Batumi: Botanic Gardens, 19.viii.1953, V.A. Trjapitzin (on Carpinus sp., Elaeagnus sp., and Quercus sp.) [1 ♀, ZIN]. Kakhaberi, Gruzbiolaboratoriya (Georgian Biological Control Laboratory), 22.viii.1953, I.A. Baranovskaya (emerged from fig twigs infested with Liparthrum colchicum Semenov ( Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)) [2 ♀, ZIN]. Keda, Adjaritskali River bank, 30.viii.1953, V.A. Trjapitzin (on Alnus sp.) [1 ♀, ZIN]. Shuahevi District, Olodauri, 7.viii.1953, V.A. Trjapitzin (from Rhamnus sp. heavily infested by a scale) [1 ♀, ZIN]. GERMANY: MECKLENBURG- WESTERN POMERANIA, Malchin, ca. 1 km E of Pisede, Jettchenshof, H.-J. Stammer: viii.1935 [1 ♀, EMEC; 6 ♀, NHMW] (3 incorrectly labeled by W. Soyka as “Para-Type”s of A. minimus and 3 identified by him as A. malchinensis); viii.1936 [1 ♀, ISNB; 4 ♀, 1 ♂, NHMW; 1 ♀, USNM] (4 females incorrectly labeled by W. Soyka as a “Para-Type” of A. minimus, 1 female identified by him as A.? foersteri, and the male as A. malchinensis). GREECE: Crete Island, Chania, v.1978 [1 ♀, 1 ♂, DEZA]. ITALY: CAMPANIA, Avellino Prov.: Avellino, 8.vi.1919, F. Silvestri (on hazelnut) [1 ♀, DEZA]. San Pietro, 4.vii.1919, F. Silvestri [3 ♀, DEZA]. LAZIO: Roma Prov.: Caldara di Manziana, 42°05.607’N 12°05.906’E, 305 m, 10.vi.2003, M. Bologna, J. Munro, A. Owen, J.D. Pinto [2 ♀, UCRC]. Castelporziano Presidential Estate: La Focetta, 41°41.474’N 12°22.633’E, 10 m, 11– 12.vi.2003, M. Bologna, J. Munro, A. Owen, J.D. Pinto [6 ♀, UCRC]; Ponte Guidoni, 41°45.415’N 12°23.851’E, 80 m, 11–12.vi.2003, M. Bologna, J. Munro, A. Owen, J.D. Pinto [49 ♀, UCRC]. Near Maccarese Cemetary, 41°52.836’N 12°16.190’E, 40 m, 11.vi.2003, M. Bologna, J. Munro, A. Owen, J.D. Pinto [1 ♀, UCRC]. Viterbo Prov.: Ponte San Pietro, 42°31.669’N 11°36.353’E, 75 m, 10.vi.2003, M. Bologna, J. Munro, A. Owen, J.D. Pinto [1 ♀, UCRC]. San Giovenale, 42°13.568’N 12°00.039’E, 225 m, 9.vi.2003, M. Bologna, J. Munro, A. Owen, J.D. Pinto [1 ♀, UCRC]. KYRGYZSTAN: ISSYK-KUL, S Shore of Lake Issyk-kul, 10 km E of Kadzhi-Saj, 42°10’33’’N 77°18’55’’E, 1675 m, 2–6.vii.1999, C.H. Dietrich [1 ♂, UCRC]. NETHERLANDS: LIMBURG, Valkenburg, St. Ignatius Jesuit College (Ignatiuskolleg), W. Soyka (on window): 25.vii.1931 [1 ♀, NHMW] (incorrectly labeled by W. Soyka as a “Co-Type”); 7.x.1931 [1 ♀, ISNB; 1 ♀, 1 ♂, NHMW] (female incorrectly labeled by W. Soyka as a “Co-Type”, and male as “Type”); 28.vi.1932 [1 ♀, DEZA] (incorrectly labeled by W. Soyka as a “Para-Type” of A. minimus), 1 ♀, NHMW (incorrectly labeled by W. Soyka both as a “Para-Type” and “Type” of A. minimus). POLAND: PODLASKIE VOIVODESHIP, Białowieża, 7.vii.1988, M. Koponen [1 ♀, FMNH]. PORTUGAL: MADEIRA, Madeira Island, Funchal, M. Koponen: Monte, 550 m, 3.ix.1996 [1 ♀, FMNH]. Terreiro de Luta—Monte trail, 650–850 m, 5.ix.1996 [1 ♀, FMNH]. Vale do Paraíso, 740 m, 7.ix.1996 [6 ♀, FMNH]. RUSSIA: LENINGRADSKAYA OBLAST’, Vaganovo, 60°05’24.5’’N 31°02’08.3’’E, 25 m, 15– 30.vi.2016, A. Knyshov [3 ♀, UCRC]. MOSKOVSKAYA OBLAST’, Noginskiy rayon, Fryazevo, M.E. Tretiakov: 25.vi–2.vii.2000 [1 ♀, 1 ♂, UCRC]; 25.vii.2000 [2 ♀, 1 ♂, UCRC]; 26.vii–14.viii.2000 [1 ♀, UCRC]; 15– 25.viii.2000 [3 ♀, 3 ♂, UCRC, ZIN]; 23.viii.2000 [4 ♀, 2 ♂, UCRC, ZIN]; 25–31.viii.2000 [1 ♀, 1 ♂, UCRC]; 20.vii.2001 [5 ♀, 1 ♂, UCRC]; 25.vii.2002 [1 ♀, UCRC]. Pushkinskiy rayon, Pushkino, Mamontovka, E.Ya. Shuvakhina: 20–31.vii.2000 [2 ♀, 8 ♂, UCRC, ZIN]; 1-10.VIII 2000 [4 ♂, UCRC, ZIN]; 10-20.VIII 2000 [1 ♀, UCRC]; 6–26.vi.2001 [1 ♀, UCRC]. PRIMORSKIY KRAY: Terneyskiy rayon, Mel’nichnyi, 29.vi–1.vii.2001, M.V. Michailovskaya [1 ♀, UCRC]. Ussuriyskiy rayon, Gornotayozhnoye, M.V. Michailovskaya: 17–18.vi.1999 [1 ♀, UCRC]; 11–14.vii.1999 [1 ♀, UCRC]; 5–11.viii.1999 [2 ♀, IBPV, UCRC]; 17–18.viii.1999 [1 ♀, UCRC]; 28.viii–5.ix.1999 [3 ♀, IBPV, UCRC]; ix.1999 [1 ♀, UCRC]; 11–21.vi.2000 [2 ♂, IBPV, UCRC]; 21–31.vii.2000 [1 ♀, UCRC]; 11–20.viii.2000 [1 ♂, UCRC]; 10–17.vii.2002 [1 ♂, UCRC]; 12–15.viii.2002 [1 ♂, UCRC]; 24.vi– 4.vii.2003 [1 ♀, UCRC]; 27.viii–5.ix.2003 [1 ♀, 1 ♂, UCRC]; 20–30.ix.2003 [1 ♀, 1 ♂, UCRC]. SAKHALINSKAYA OBLAST’, Sakhalin Island: 2 km E of Sokol, near Belaya River, 21.vii.2001, D.J. Bennett, T. Anderson [1 ♂, CAS]. 2–3 km E of Sokol, a tributary of Belaya River, 10.viii.2001, N. Minakawa [1 ♀, 1 ♂, CAS]. 6 km E of Sokol: 12.viii.2001, D.J. Bennett, T. Anderson [4 ♀, 1 ♂, CAS, UCRC]; near Belaya River, D.J. Bennett, T. Anderson: 24.vii.2001 [2 ♀, 2 ♂, CAS, UCRC]; 31.vii.2001 [1 ♀, CAS]; 16.viii.2001 [1 ♀, CAS]. SWITZERLAND: GLARUS, Schwanden, 1300 m, 28.v.1996 (from Picea abies logs from middle of 120 year old forest, emerged in glasshouse) [1 ♀, CNC]. UK: ENGLAND: Berkshire Co., Sunninghill (near Ascot), Silwood Park, 27.vi–4.vii.1984, J. Waage, M.J. Matthews [1 ♀, BMNH]. Bristol, Hallen Wood, 14.vii.1928, J.P. Kryger [1 ♀, USNM]. Dorset Co., Bournemouth, S.G.C. Brown: 7.x.1981 [1 ♀, BMNH]; 8.x.1981 [12 ♀, 5 ♂, BMNH]; 6.vi.1982 [1 ♀, BMNH]; 7.viii.1982 [4 ♀, BMNH]; 8.x.1982 [5 ♀, BMNH]. Hampshire Co.: Awbridge, 51°01’18’’N 1°32’27’’W, 52 m, C. Vardy: vii.1981 [1 ♀, BMNH]; ix.1981 [1 ♀, BMNH]. Brockenhurst, 24.v.1912, C.O. Waterhouse [3 ♀, BMNH]. Near Mottisfont, B3084 Hwy roadside, 51°03’08.4’’N 1°32’59.2’’W, 66 m, 30.viii.2014, S.V. Triapitsyn [1 ♀, UCRC]. Herefordshire Co., Ross-on-Wye, 3–9.ix.1979, R.S. George [1 ♀, BMNH]. Kent Co., Broadstairs, 20.vii.1911, C.O. Waterhouse [2 ♀, BMNH]. London Borough of Ealing, 15.ix.1904, W.T. Calman [1 ♀, BMNH]. Richmond Park, 26.vii–24.viii [year unknown], F. Enock [1 ♀, MMUE] (misidentified by H. Britten as A. fusculus). North Yorkshire Co., Malham Tarn (near Malham), 17.viii.1958, W.D. Hincks [1 ♂, MMUE]. Surrey Co., Horne, 31.iv.1911, C.O. Waterhouse [1 ♀, BMNH]. West Sussex Co., Goringby-Sea, C.O. Waterhouse: 15.vii.1912 [1 ♀, BMNH]; 17.vii.1912 [5 ♀, BMNH]; 18.vii.1912 [1 ♀, BMNH]; 22.vii.1912 [1 ♀, BMNH]; 14.viii.1915 [1 ♀, BMNH]; 3.viii.1916 [1 ♀, BMNH]; 17.viii.1916 [1 ♀, BMNH]. SCOTLAND, Renfrewshire, Paisley, Foxbar, 5–10.vii.1982, R.S. George [1 ♀, BMNH]. WALES, Conwy Co. Borough, Llandudno, 17.viii.1910, C.O. Waterhouse [1 ♀, BMNH]. USA: CALIFORNIA: Marin Co., Mill Valley: 20.vi.1957, H.B. Leech [1 ♀, CAS]; 25.vi.1957, H.B. Leech (on Quercus sp.) [1 ♀, CAS]; 27.x.1965 [8 ♀, 2 ♂, EMEC]; 29.x.1965 [2 ♀, 2 ♂, EMEC]; 2.vi.1968, R.L. Doutt [5 ♀, EMEC]. Merced Co., near Livingston, E. &amp; J. Gallo Ranch (Hayes site), 25.iii.1996, S.V. Triapitsyn (from French prune plant material) [1 ♂, UCRC]. Sonoma Co., 2 mi. N of Agua Caliente (roadside of Hwy 12 and Madrone Rd.), 17.viii.1995, S.V. Triapitsyn (from grape leaves) [1 ♀, UCRC]. DELAWARE, New Castle Co., Newark, University of Delaware Agricultural Experiment Station, 12.viii.1929, H.L. Dozier (on window) [1 ♀, USNM]. FLORIDA: Levy Co., Manatee Springs State Park, 27–29.v.1978, N.F. Johnson [1 ♀, CNC]. Sarasota Co., Oscar Scherer State Park, 27–29.v.1978, N.F. Johnson [2 ♀, CNC]. ILLINOIS, Effingham Co., Lake Sara (S shore), 7.ix.1993, J.D. Pinto [1 ♂, UCRC]. IOWA, Story Co., Ames, 10.x.1943, A.A. Ogloblin [1 ♀, MLPA]. LOUISIANA, New Orleans, 13–20.vii.1923, H.K. Plank (“Ex. Pseudaonidia duplex Crll. ”) [6 ♀, USNM] (misidentified by A.B. Gahan as Metalaptus torquatus Malenotti). MARYLAND, Prince George’s Co., Laurel, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, M. Schauff: 10–18.vii.1979 [1 ♀, USNM]; 10–18.vii.1980 [1 ♀, USNM]; 8–15.viii.1980 [1 ♀, USNM]; 6–20.x.1980 [3 ♀, 3 ♂, USNM]. MICHIGAN, Ingham Co., Michigan State University Tree Research Center, 42°40’12’’N 84°28’12’’W, 267 m, 14– 29.viii.2014, T. Petrice (on black locust tree, Robinia pseudoacacia) [1 ♀, UCRC]. MISSOURI, Shannon Co., 37°03’44’’N 91°36’56’’W, 15–30.ix.2000, J.V. Maddox [1 ♀, 1 ♂, CAS]. NEW YORK: Onondaga Co., Jamesville, Henneberry Rd., 42°55’00’’N 76°00’23’’W, 11–15.vii.2001, M. Wuenschel [1 ♀, UCRC]. Seneca Co., 4.5 mi. SW of Lodi, Silver Thread Vineyard, 42°33’45.5’’N 76°52’27.2’’W, 202 m, 30.vii–14.viii.2010, G. Loeb, S.V. Triapitsyn [1 ♀, UCRC]. Tompkins Co., Ithaca, 12.viii.1928, J.P. Kryger [1 ♀, 1 ♂, USNM]. North Carolina, Macon Co., 17.v.1964, W. Ciesla (“egg mass, Ennomos subsignarius ”) [1 ♀, USNM].</p><p>Extralimital material examined. ARGENTINA: BUENOS AIRES, Bella Vista, 26.x.1949, A.A. Ogloblin [1 ♀, MLPA] . MISIONES, Loreto, 25.viii.1934, [A.A. Ogloblin] (from psocid eggs on citrus) [1 ♀, MLPA] . CAPE VERDE: Santiago Island, São Jorge dos Órgãos, A. van Harten: xi.1984 [1 ♀, DEZA] ; ii.1985 [1 ♀, DEZA] (det. G. Viggiani). NEW ZEALAND: North Island, Massey, vi.1980, E.W. Valentine [1 ♀, BMNH] . PAKISTAN: PUNJAB, Faisalabad, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=73.06108&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.430733" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 73.06108/lat 31.430733)">University of Agriculture Faisalabad</a>, 31°25.844’N 73°03.665’E, 184 m, 17– 24.ix.2011, M.S. &amp; C. Hoddle (SQ9, citrus orchard) [1 ♀, UCRC] .</p><p>Redescription. FEMALE (lectotype and paralectotypes of Parvulinus auranti and “typical” non-type specimens from Europe that agree with the lectotype of A. minimus and Hincks’ (1959) diagnosis). Body length of the dry-mounted, critical point dried specimens 270–360 mm, of the slide-mounted specimens 310–450 mm. Head dark brown, rest of body brown to dark brown, appendages mostly brownish (clava often dark brown).</p><p>Vertex with faint sculpture. Antenna (Figs 91, 93) about as long as body; scape 2.7–3.4× as long as wide, F1 slightly shorter than pedicel, F2 the longest funicle segment and 2.7–5.0× as long as wide, F3 slightly shorter than F2 and slightly longer than F4, F5 the widest funicle segment; clava 2.8–3.1× as long as wide, with 4 mps, a little shorter than combined length of F3–F5.</p><p>Midlobe of mesoscutum (Fig. 94) more or less transversely striate. Fore wing (Figs 92, 95) 0.31–0.41 mm long, 8.3–10.3× as long as wide; disc slightly infumate and with a complete row of 6–15 setae closer to anterior margin besides the admarginal rows; longest marginal seta 3.4–4.1× maximum wing width. Hind wing (Fig. 92) 14–17× as long as wide; disc more notably infumate, with 1 complete row of setae a little closer to posterior margin; longest marginal seta 5.3–6.7× maximum wing width.</p><p>Ovipositor (Figs 90, 94) length 115–155 µm, slightly exserted beyond apex of gaster (by up to 0.1× own total length), occupying at least 0.7× of it length, and usually 1.2–1.3× length of metatibia (occasionally 1.1× or 1.4×).</p><p>Variation (lectotype (Fig. 96) and paralectotypes of A. malchinensis and non-type specimens from France and the European part of Russia that agree with them). Body length of slide-mounted specimens 390–515 µm; ovipositor length 152–221 µm; antenna (Fig. 98) with F2 3.8–5.6× as long as wide, clava 3.4–4.0× as long as wide; fore wing (Fig. 99) length 400–530 µm, 8.1–9.5× as long as wide, disc usually with 9–17 setae in complete row and very rarely with 1 or 2 additional setae closer to apex just behind the complete row of setae; ovipositor usually 1.2– 1.4×, occasionally 1.5× length of metatibia, exserted a little beyond gastral apex (by at most 0.1× own total length).</p><p>The presumed female holotype of A. aegyptiacus (Fig. 101) is characterized by the following: body length 355 µm; body dark brown, antenna brown, legs light brown to brown; F1 a little shorter than pedicel (as 9:11), F2 almost 6.0× as long as wide, clava a little shorter than combined length of F3–F5; fore wing with about 14 setae in a row next to anterior admarginal row of setae; ovipositor almost 1.6× as long as mesotibia, slightly exserted beyond gastral apex (by about 0.1× its total own length), ovipositor length 203 µm.</p><p>MALE (“typical” non-type specimens from Europe that agree with Hincks’ (1959) diagnosis and corresponding females). Body length of slide-mounted specimens 360–440 µm. Similar to female except for normal sexually dimorphic features of antenna and genitalia and the following. Antenna (Fig. 102) with scape 2.0– 2.5× as long as wide, Fl slightly shorter than pedicel and shorter than following segments, all flagellar segments much longer than wide; fore wing (Fig. 103) 360–460 µm long, 7.9–8.7× as long as wide, with a complete row of 8–14 setae closer to anterior margin; hind wing (Fig. 104) with a row of setae at posterior margin. Genitalia (Fig. 105) length 48–57 µm.</p><p>Variation (non-type specimens from France that agree, mainly in body size, with A. malchinensis -like females from the same collecting event). Body length of slide-mounted specimens 450–510 µm; antenna with scape 2.8– 3.2× as long as wide, Fl about as long as pedicel and shorter than following segments; fore wing 470–490 µm long, 7.6–8.4× as long as wide, with a complete row of 12–17 setae closer to anterior margin; genitalia length 48–57 µm.</p><p>Diagnosis. Differentiation of A. minimus from A. fusculus, as proposed by Hincks (1959), is not clear-cut. In the “typical” A. minimus the ovipositor is somewhat variable in length (115–155 µm) and is 1.1–1.4× length of metatibia, whereas in the specimens attributable to A. aegyptiacus and A. malchinensis (the apparent holotype of the former appears to be conspecific with the lectotype of the latter; I also have seen many specimens like that among Alaptus material from various countries in the Palaearctic region) it is 150–220 µm long and 1.2–1.5× length of metatibia. Both these nominal species are thus apparent intermediates between the “typical” A. minimus and A. fusculus, as in the latter the ovipositor is also somewhat variable in length (240–320 µm and 1.6–1.8× length of metatibia). So, without having at hand supporting molecular and much harder to get cross-breeding data, it seems impossible to figure this out based only on simple morphometry. I am following Hincks (1959) in tentatively placing A. malchinensis -like larger individuals in A. minimus because usually they lack the inconspicuous basal seta (or a pair of setae) on F2 of the female antenna and usually have the proportions of F2 more like in A. minimus, which is the earlier described taxon (in females of A. fusculus, F2 usually has a basal seta or a pair of setae in addition to the apical setae, but that may be a quite unreliable character because some A. minimus may have them). Other diagnostic characters used by Hincks (1959) to separate A. fusculus from A. minimus (including A. malchinensis), such is the number of setae in the row on the fore wing disc, have proven to be too variable to provide any reliable differentiation between them; their male genitalia are also identical in shape and structure, those of A. fusculus being just slightly longer on average than those of A. minimus but the ranges of their length overlap broadly. Eventually A. fusculus may be shown to be just large individuals of A. minimus, much like A. aegyptiacus and A. malchinensis probably are, and as those species are treated here. This situation is very similar to that with the problems in differentiation between the European mymarid species Camptoptera papaveris Foerster and C. magna Soyka (Triapitsyn 2014) .</p><p>Distribution. Nearctic: Canada * and USA *; Palaearctic: Austria *, Belgium (Debauche 1948), Bulgaria (Donev 1978, 1987, 1988b [also as A. maidli]), Denmark (Kryger 1950), Egypt (Kryger 1932; Ghesquière 1939; Debauche 1949; Soyka 1950 [also as A. aegyptiacus]), Estonia *, Finland (Hellén 1974), France *, Georgia *, Germany, Greece (Donev 1985a, 1987 [as A. maidli]), Italy (Viggiani &amp; Jesu 1988), Kyrgyzstan *, Macedonia (Donev 1988a), Netherlands (Soyka 1939a), Poland *, Portugal * (Madeira *), Romania (Boţoc 1963; Pricop 2009, 2013), Russia *, Serbia (Donev 1985b), Spain (García Mercet 1912 [as A. auranti]), Switzerland (Thompson 1958), and UK: England (Kryger 1950), Scotland *, and Wales *; Afrotropical: Cape Verde (Viggiani &amp; van Harten 1996); Australasian: Australia * and New Zealand *; Neotropical: Argentina * and Puerto Rico (Dozier 1932 [as A. borinquensis]); Oriental: Pakistan *. Although Shutova &amp; Kukhtina (1955, p. 216) listed “ Parvulinus aurantii Mercet ” from Primorskiy kray, Russia, that record needs confirmation (if their voucher specimens exist, but that is quite doubtful) because it could be of any Alaptus sp. including A. minimus .</p><p>Hosts. Valenzuela flavidus (Stephens) (Caeciliusidae) (Thompson 1958), Cuneopalpus sp. and Elipsocus sp. ( Elipsocidae), Mesopsocus sp. ( Mesopsocidae), Philotarsus sp. ( Philotarsidae) (New 1969), and Graphopsocus cruciatus (Linnaeus) (Stenopsocidae) (Thompson 1958).</p><p>Comments. The lectotype female of A. minimus is consistent with its redescription by Hincks (1959) who correctly associated it with conspecific, non-type females from the United Kingdom. Graham (1982: 194) designated all the specimens standing under numbers 90–92, 94–96, 98– 99 in the A.H. Haliday collection at NMID as paralectotypes of A. minimus even though Hincks (1959: 140) clearly and correctly stated that some of them represent other genera of Mymaridae (those under numbers 94 and 96) or some other species of Alaptus; that was corroborated recently by Triapitsyn (2015) who provided identifications for most of them.</p><p>Soyka (1939b) incorrectly designated a “paratype” and “cotypes” of A. minimus based on his own specimens from Valkenburg, the Netherlands.</p><p>Alaptus maidli was described by Soyka (1939b) from a single, poorly mounted, extremely minute female (body length 255 µm, although the specimen, particularly the head, is shriveled), which in my opinion appears to be just an aberrant, deformed specimen of the common Palaearctic species A. minimus, hence the synonymy. Its two clavae are of notably different lengths and are greatly enlarged (Fig. 107), so probably, to compensate for that, the funicle segments are shortened and slightly broadened. Otherwise the fore wing (Fig. 108) and the ovipositor (including it length, 133 µm and its ratio to the metatibia length of 1.15) are of the typical A. minimus . I have not seen another such specimen among more than two thousand Alaptus examined from Europe, and the likelihood that it belongs to a good species is very low.</p><p>Upon examination, and as predicted by Girault (1913a), A. auranti turned out to be a typical A. minimus, including the brownish general body color as indicated in the original description by García Mercet (1912). In English, Russian, and other scientific literature outside of Spain, the name of Ricardo García Mercet, the author of this species, has been used mostly incorrectly as Mercet, R.G. or simply Mercet. The latter was his maternal last name while García was his paternal last name (Ricardo was his first name), thus forming his correct dual last name which he himself used in his publications, García Mercet; therefore, it is this complete last name that must be used for citing his publications and as the author names for his species (as García Mercet, R. in the references). It is true that in some cases, when the first (paternal) Spanish last name is very common, such as for instance García, some people nowadays sometimes opt for using only the second (maternal) one while abbreviating the first one with the initial followed by a period, but that is clearly not applicable in this case (Mercedes París, personal communication).</p><p>Body length measurements of the type specimens of A. borinquensis are as follows: lectotype 430 µm, paralectotype females 215 µm and 314 µm, paratype female 418 µm, and paralectotype males 194 µm (slightly shriveled, poorly positioned) and 314 µm. The ovipositor length of the females of the type series is from 197 µm (in the smallest paralectotype) to 246 µm (in the paratype); in the lectotype (Fig. 110) it is 234 µm long.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A3B84BFF8FFF81FF15B68CFA9173A0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Serguei V. Triapitsyn	Serguei V. Triapitsyn (2017): Revision of Alaptus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in the Holarctic region, with taxonomic notes on some extralimital species. Zootaxa 4279 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4279.1.1
03A3B84BFF90FF89FF15B24CFC4A77B0.text	03A3B84BFF90FF89FF15B24CFC4A77B0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alaptus pallidicornis Foerster 1856	<div><p>Alaptus pallidicornis Foerster, 1856</p><p>(Figs 111–129)</p><p>Alaptus pallidornis Foerster 1856: 120 . Type locality: environs of Aachen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.</p><p>Alaptus excisus Westwood 1879: 586 –587 + plate LXXIII (figs 10, 11). Type locality: England, not specified but possibly Wilton, Wiltshire Co., UK. Synonymized under A. pallidicornis by Hincks 1959: 146 –147.</p><p>Alaptus pallidornis Foerster (or Förster): Westwood 1879: 587 (comment); Vidal 2001: 60 (list); Pricop 2008: 36 –37 (distribution, host associations, taxonomic notes), 39, 45 (illustrations); Pricop 2009: 123 (list); Pricop 2010a: 70 (list); Noyes 2016 (database).</p><p>Alaptus pallidicornis Foerster (or Förster): Kirchner 1867: 201 (catalog); Westwood 1879: 587 (as A.? pallidicornis); Dalla Torre 1898: 428 (catalog, name emendation); Girault 1908: 184 (list, comments); Girault 1910: 244 (list); Soyka 1937: 75 – 76 (historical review, redescription, invalid designation of “ neotypes ”, distribution); Soyka 1939b: 30 (key); Debauche 1948: 55 –58 (list, key, diagnosis of both sexes, remarks), plate VII (illustrations); Soyka 1948: 74 (key); Kryger 1950: 35 (list, English translation of the original description); Soyka 1949: 14 (illustration); Soyka 1950: 121 (distribution); Hincks 1959: 143 (illustration), 146–147 (historical review, diagnosis); Hincks 1960: 170, 172 (mentioned); New 1969: 182 –192 (biology); Trjapitzin 1978: 521 (key, distribution, host associations); Donev 1978: 458 (distribution); Graham 1982: 194 (comments); Vikberg 1982: 142 (list); Donev 1987: 75 (distribution); Viggiani &amp; Jesu 1988: 1020 (distribution in Italy, comments); Viggiani 1989: 144 (illustration of male genitalia); Pintureau &amp; Keita 1990: 239 (host associations), 242 (population dynamics); Pagliano &amp; Navone 1995: 35 (list); Triapitsyn 2002: 215 –216 (distribution, hosts, comments); Baquero &amp; Jordana 2002: 77 (measurements), 79 (distribution, host associations), 87, 91 (illustrations); Arnaldos et al. 2004: 226 (list); Viggiani 2005: 61 –62 (illustration and description of male genitalia); Huber et al. 2009: 271 (list); Pricop 2010b: 92 –93 (list, statistics); Triapitsyn 2015: 218 (list).</p><p>Alaptus minimus Walker: Girault 1908: 182 –184 (redescription, in part).</p><p>Alaptus excisus Westwood: Dalla Torre 1898: 428 (catalog); Girault 1908: 185 –186 (list, history, comments).</p><p>Metalaptus torquatus Malenotti 1917: 339 -340. Syntypes: 5 females and 1 male on slides in Faure’s liquid [type depository unknown, most likely lost] (not examined) (Malenotti 1918). Type localities: Centuripe, Catania and Palermo, Sicily, Italy (Malenotti 1918). Syn. n. (from the previous synonymy under A. auranti by Nikol’skaya 1952: 540, followed by Peck 1963: 26).</p><p>Metalaptus torquatus Malenotti: Malenotti 1918: 82 –92 (redescription, illustrations, type information, comments, etc.); Viggiani &amp; Jesu 1988: 1020 (most likely a synonym of A. pallidicornis).</p><p>Alaptus psocidivorus Gahan 1927: 180 –181. Type locality: Stanford University, Stanford, Santa Clara Co., California, USA. Syn. n.</p><p>Alaptus psocidivorus Gahan: Spruyt 1927: 182 –184 (biology, host association, good illustrations of both sexes); Soyka 1939b: 31 (list); Peck 1963: 28 (catalog); Doutt 1973: 222 (fossil records); Guzmán-Larralde et al. 2017: 9 (list).</p><p>Alaptus minimus (Haliday) Walker: Bakkendorf 1934: 17 –23 (hosts, development, distribution, illustrations: in most part, misidentification), 131 (hosts).</p><p>Alaptus torquatus (Malenotti): Debauche 1948: 55 (list).</p><p>Alaptus pechlaneri Soyka 1948: 73 –74. Type locality: Arzler Alm (1200 m), Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria. Syn. n.</p><p>Alaptus fusculus (Haliday) Walker: Kryger 1950: 34 (in part, misidentification).</p><p>Type material examined. Alaptus pallidicornis Foerster: lectotype female [NHMW], here designated to avoid the existing confusion regarding the status of the type specimens of this taxon, on slide (Fig. 111) labeled: 1. [in W. Soyka’s handwriting, copied from the original labels] “Collect. G. Mayr ♀ 2.8.47. Fenster Förster, Type In Canadab.”; 2. [red] “Type”; 3. [W. Soyka’s slide number, apparently one of the first ones he made of the A. Foerster specimens] “12”; 4. [in W. Soyka’s handwriting] “ Alaptus ♀ pallidicornis Förster ohne Fühler det. Soyka (Canadabals.)”. The lectotype (Fig. 112) is in poor condition, shriveled, lacking flagellum of one antenna, 1 hind wing, and 3 legs; one fore wing (Fig. 113) is detached from the body; yet it is the most complete specimen among the three original syntypes. The collection date was 2.viii.1847. Paralectotypes [NHMW]: 1 ♀ on slide (Fig. 116) labeled: 1. [the original A. Foerster’s label; prior to being slide-mounted by W. Soyka sometime in the mid 1930s, the three syntypes had been mounted on minuten pins, probably inserted in the same balsa wood piece on one pin] “♀ 2/8 47. [an illegible word] Fenster.”, 2. [partially in India Ink, partially printed] “ Al. pallidicornis Förster, Type”, 3. [printed] “Collect. G. Mayr”, 4. [W. Soyka’s slide number] “13”, 5. [W. Soyka’s label] “ Alaptus ♀ pallidicornis Förster (Canadabal.) ” (the specimen (Fig. 115) is in very bad condition, poorly remounted, and incomplete: missing are the entire anterior part of mesosoma, head, antennae, and all legs except for 1 hind leg; remainder of the body is mounted laterally and one fore wing (Fig. 114) is detached); 1 ♀ on slide labeled: 1. [in W. Soyka’s handwriting, copied from the original labels] “Collect. G. Mayr ♀ 2.8.47 Fenster Förster, Type”, 2. [in W. Soyka’s handwriting] “ Alaptus ♀ pallidicornis Förster (Canadabals.) ” (the specimen, which could rather belong to A. minimus although that is not certain, is in poor condition, shriveled, lacking pedicels and flagella of both antennae and 3 legs; one pair of wings and 3 legs are detached from the body).</p><p>Alaptus excisus Westwood: neotype female [OUMNH], here designated to avoid any ambiguity about the identity of this species, on a large card (Fig. 119) labeled: “ Alaptus excisus (Soyka) Mymar 188h [or 188sh] ♀ [encircled] ♀ ♂ [encircled] ♂ [an illegible word] F. Whitmarsh”, 2. “ TYPE HYM 684 21/2 Alaptus excisus WESTWOOD HOPE DEPT. OXFORD”. There is also a conspecific male on the same card with the neotype, both are intact and mounted on their backs. Graham (1982) was not sure if these specimens were the original syntypes because of the ambiguous year of collection indicated on the label, and particularly because Westwood (1879) explicitly indicated that a female and a male, collected by Whitmarsh in 1871, were mounted on glass slides in Canada balsam; these are lost (Hincks 1959; Graham 1982). Graham (1982) also suggested that a neotype could be designated if needed, based on one of these dry-mounted non-type specimens in OUMNH. I believe that it is reasonable because there is no doubt that these were also collected by F. Whitmarsh and represent A. excisus, identified as such by J.O. Westwood. I accept the synonymy of A. excisus under A. pallidicornis, as established by Hincks (1959).</p><p>Alaptus pechlaneri Soyka: holotype female (as “type” in the original description) [NHMW] on slide (Fig. 121) labeled: 1. “ Alaptus ♀ pechlaneri (Soyka) dt. Soyk. Type”, 2. [red] “Type”, 3. “Innsbruck Arzler Alm 1200 m, lg Pechlaner 12 Sept. 1948 In Canadab”. The collector was E. Pechlaner. The holotype (Fig. 120) is in fair condition, lacking one antenna, mounted laterally. Paratype (as “cotype” in the original description): 1 female [NHMW] on slide labeled the same as the holotype except the second (red) label says “Co-Type”.</p><p>Alaptus psocidivorus Gahan: holotype and paratype females [USNM] on slide (Fig. 122) labeled: 1. “ ALAPTUS n.sp. FROM EGGS OF PSOCUS CALIF. STANFORD UNIV. 1923 F.J. Sprüyt, Coll. ♀♀ FJS’”; 2. [red] “ Alaptus psocidivorus Gahan ♀ Type Type No. 28676 U.S.N.M.”; 3. [database barcode] “USNMENT 01049087”. The likely holotype (Fig. 123, the female which is next to its both (detached) fore wings (Fig. 124), which lacks flagellum of one antenna, both hind wings, tibia and tarsus of one fore leg, one hind leg except metacoxa and also tarsus of the other hind leg) is otherwise in fair condition and mounted dorsoventrally under the same coverslip with another female (a likely paratype which lacks most of its wings). Gahan (1927, p. 181) mentioned that “Type, allotype, and thirty-six para-types in the United States National Museum”, so it is absolutely impossible to figure out which of these two females was considered him to be the “type” (= the holotype), but it can be assumed that the more complete specimen is far more likely to be the holotype. Other, uncounted specimens of both sexes of the type series mentioned by Gahan (1927) are paratypes. Those examined in USNM are as follows: 1 ♀ on slide labeled: 1. “from: Psocid Eggs on: HETEROMELES Club Shaped Antenna April 9, 23 F. J. Spruÿt Entomological Laboratory Stanford University”, 2. [red] “ Alaptus psocidivorus Gahan Paratype No. 28676 U.S.N.M.”; 7 ♀, 9 ♂ on slide labeled as above except: “Ex. psocid eggs IV-9 - Collected north of Museum at nursery gate Stanford Univ. Calif. F. J. Spruyt, Coll.” and also 1 ♀ on a separate slide; 1 ♂ (the original allotype) on slide labeled: “ ALAPTUS n. sp. from: Psocid Eggs on: HETEROMELES . The cool shaped antennae April 9, 23 F. J. Spruÿt Entomological Laboratory Stanford University ♂.”; 1 ♀, 3 ♂ on slide labeled: “ Alaptus n. sp. Gahan Ex psocid eggs Stanford Univ Apr. 1923. F. J. Spruyt, Col.”. Also the following specimens on three slides in USNM were similarly labeled by A.B. Gahan as paratypes and apparently included in the paratype series even though they were not collected in April 1923 as stated in the original description: 1 ♀: “Parasite in eggs of Psocid. Coll. Mch. 20, 1923 Stanford Univ. Calif North of Museum. Emerged in cage Mch. 31, 1923 F. J. Spruÿt, Coll.”; 1 ♀, 2 ♂, same data; 5 ♀, 4 ♂: “Ex. Psocid eggs V-11-23. Reared in Laboratory Stanford Univ. Calif. F. J. Spruyt, Coll.”. According to the original description, the other paratypes were deposited in CAS (however, I could not find them there during my several visits) and also the collector’s own collection, whereabouts of which are unknown.</p><p>Material examined. AUSTRIA: TYROL, Krössbach, 26.ix.1949, W. Soyka (on window) [1 ♀, ISNB] (identified and incorrectly labeled by W. Soyka as a “Para-Type” of A. pechlaneri). BELGIUM: FLEMISH BRABANT: Groenendael [Priory] (in Sonian Forest): 8.v.1947, J. Ghesquière [2 ♀, 1 ♂, ISNB] (misidentified by J. Ghesquière as A. minimus); 23.v.1947, L. Nuyts [1 ♀, ISNB] (misidentified by J. Ghesquière as A. minimus); Leuven, Heverlee, H.R. Debauche: 9.vi.1942 [2 ♀, ISNB]; 9.vii.1942 [1 ♀, 1 ♂, ISNB]; 22.vii.1942 [1 ♂, ISNB]. Tervuren, H.R. Debauche: Bois des Capucins, 20.vi.1942 [1 ♂, ISNB]; 26.vi.1942 [1 ♂, ISNB]. LIÈGE, Wanze, Antheit, Corphalie, 28.ix–12.x.1990, R. Detry [1 ♀, ISNB]. CANADA: ONTARIO, Ottawa, Constance Bay: 20.vii.1973, G.A.P. Gibson [1 ♀, 1 ♂, CNC]; 29.vi–27.vii.1978, J. Redner, C. Dondale [1 ♀, CNC]. CHINA: BEIJING, Mentougou District, Xiaolongmen Station, 39°59.22’N 115°31.48’E, 1095 m, 28.vii.2002, G. Melika [1 ♀, UCRC]. CZECH REPUBLIC: Prague, Krč, 12.ix.1926, A.A. Ogloblin [1 ♂, MLPA]. DENMARK: HOVEDSTADEN: Dyrehaven (Jaegersborg Dyrehave, Zealand Island), Fortunens Indelukke: collected 2.vii.1924, emerged 29–30.vii. 1924 in Copenhagen, O. Bakkendorf [2 ♀, 1 ♂, ZMUC] (misidentified by O. Bakkendorf as A. minimus);?1924, O. Bakkendorf [3 ♀, 1 ♂, ZMUC]. Geelskov [Forest] (near Virum), collected 6.iv.1952, emerged 21–29.v.1952, O. Bakkendorf (from psocid eggs) [3 ♀, ZMUC]. Locality unknown, x.1924, O. Bakkendorf (from psocid egg) [1 ♀, USNM]. FINLAND: NORTHERN SAVONIA, Sonkajärvi, 8.vii.2000, M. Koponen [1 ♀, FMNH]. SOUTHERN SAVONIA, Mikkeli, M. Koponen: Suomenniemi, 5.ix.1981 [1 ♀, FMNH]; 25.viii.1996 [1 ♀, FMNH]. SOUTHWEST FINLAND, Sauvo, 27.viii–12.ix.2000, R. Jussila [1 ♀, FMNH]. UUSIMAA, Nurmijärvi, M. Koponen: 14.vii.1982 [1 ♀, FMNH]; 1.ix.1991 [1 ♀, FMNH]. FRANCE: ESSONNE, Gif-sur- Yvette, 24.i.1968, L. Duregeau (“ex Psocid eggs”) [5 ♀, USNM]. GIRONDE, Sainte Colombe, 44°54’N 00°02’W, M. van Helden: 2.vii.1998 [1 ♀, UCRC]; 30.vii.1998 [1 ♀, UCRC]; 13.viii.1998 [1 ♀, UCRC]; 17.viii.1998 [1 ♀, 1 ♂, UCRC]. MARNE, Bouchy-Saint-Genest, iv-v.1952, E. Noury (“ex. Psocus ? longicornis F. on leaves of Quercus pedunculata ”) [6 ♀, MNHN]. SEINE-ET-MARNE, Fontainebleau, Gros-Fonteau, 12.viii.1981, M.W.R. de Vere Graham [1 ♀, BMNH]. GERMANY: MECKLENBURG-WESTERN POMERANIA, Malchin, ca. 1 km E of Pisede, Jettchenshof, H.-J. Stammer: viii.1935 [1 ♀, ISNB; 5 ♀, NHMW] (1 ♀ in NHMW labeled as a “Type” of A. perpallidus, which is W. Soyka’s manuscript name); viii.1936 [2 ♀, NHMW, USNM] (the one in USNM incorrectly labeled by W. Soyka as a “Para-Type”). ISRAEL: Central District, Petah Tikva [as “Palestine, Petach Tikwah” on the label], 1935, H. Steinitz (“from eggs of Graphopsocus cruciatus L.”) [1 ♀, BMNH]. ITALY: CALABRIA, Cosenza Prov., Camigliatello Silano, vii–viii.1985, L. Micieli [5 ♀, DEZA] (det. by G. Viggiani). CAMPANIA, Napoli Prov., Portici: 17.ii [year unknown], F. Silvestri [3 ♀, 2 ♂, DEZA]; Parco Gussone, 3.x.1963, G. Viggiani [1 ♀, DEZA] (det. by G. Viggiani). LAZIO, Roma Prov.: Bosco di Manziana, 42°07.392’N 12°07.314’E, 400 m, 9.vi.2003, M. Bologna, J. Munro, A. Owen, J.D. Pinto [1 ♀, UCRC]. Castelporziano Presidential Estate: coastal dunes in N corner, 41°42.150’N 12°21.038’E, 5 m, 11.vi.2003, M. Bologna, J. Munro, A. Owen, J.D. Pinto [1 ♀, 1 ♂, UCRC]; La Focetta, 41°41.474’N 12°22.633’E, 10 m, 11.vi.2003, M. Bologna, J. Munro, A. Owen, J.D. Pinto [1 ♀, 1 ♂, UCRC]. Ponte Guidoni, 41°45.415’N 12°23.851’E, 80 m, 11–12.vi.2003, M. Bologna, J. Munro, A. Owen, J.D. Pinto [12 ♀, 2 ♂, UCRC]. Viterbo Prov.: Ponte San Pietro, 42°31.669’N 11°36.353’E, 75 m, 10.vi.2003, M. Bologna, J. Munro, A. Owen, J.D. Pinto [1 ♀, UCRC]. Roccaccia, 42°19.809’N 11°45.671’E, 125 m, 10.vi.2003, M. Bologna, J. Munro, A. Owen, J.D. Pinto [1 ♀, UCRC]. San Giovenale, 42°13.568’N 12°00.039’E, 225 m, 9.vi.2003, M. Bologna, J. Munro, A. Owen, J.D. Pinto [1 ♀, UCRC]. SICILY, Trapani Prov., Castelvetrano, 26.iii [year unknown], F. Silvestri [3 ♀, DEZA] (det. by G. Viggiani). [Locality unknown]: intercepted at New York (New York, USA), 12.iii.1937, Peltier (“On lemon fruit from Italy”) [1 ♀, USNM]; intercepted at Boston (Suffolk Co., Massachusetts, USA), 18.iv.1952 (“Italy On bay leaves J. D. Cramp”) [1 ♀, USNM]. NETHERLANDS: GELDERLAND, Wageningen, iii.1990, L.G. Moraal (from eggs of Psocoptera): on Abies sp. [3 ♀, DEZA]; on Ilex aquifolium [2 ♀, DEZA]; on Rhododendron sp. [1 ♀, DEZA] (det. by G. Viggiani). Limburg, Valkenburg, St. Ignatius Jesuit College (Ignatiuskolleg), W. Soyka (on window): 15.x.1930 [4 ♀, 2 ♂, NHMW]; 18.vi.1931 [1 ♀, NHMW]; 25.vii.1931 [6 ♀, NHMW] (1 ♀ labeled as a “Type” and invalidly designated by Soyka (1939a) as one of the two “neotypes”); 7.x.1931 [1 ♂, DEZA; 1 ♀, 1 ♂, EMEC; 1 ♀, 1 ♂, ISNB; 19 ♀, 5 ♂, NHMW; 1 ♂, USNM] (1 ♀ in NHMW labeled as a “Type” of A. mutatus, which is W. Soyka’s manuscript name, and 1 ♀, 1 ♂ in NHMW were incorrectly labeled by him as “Para-Types” of A. pallidicornis); 28.vi.1932 [1 ♀, DEZA]. SOUTH HOLLAND, Boskoop, 15–28.iv.1914 (“Bred from egg masses on Rhododendron ”) [2 ♂, USNM]. POLAND: LOWER SILESIAN VOIVODESHIP: Karkonosze Mountains (50°44’18’’N 15°42’19’’E, 1434 m), Karkonosze National Park (as “Riesengebirge” on the label), 28.ix.1933, H.-J. Stammer [1 ♂, ISNB; 6 ♀, 6 ♂, NHMW] (1 ♀, 2 ♂ in NHMW incorrectly labeled by W. Soyka as “Para-Types”). Małkowice (Gmina Kąty Wrocławskie, Wrocław Co.; on the label, as Malkwitz b.[ei] Breslau [in the former Schlesien, Germany]), v.1934, W. Soyka [1 ♀, NHMW]. Wrocław, Bierdzany (on the label, as Pirscham b.[ei] Breslau [in Schlesien]), ix.1933, H.-J. Stammer [1 ♀, NHMW]. OPOLE VOIVODESHIP, Prudnik (on the label, as Neustadt in the former Oberschlesien, Germany), v.1934, W. Soyka [1 ♀, NHMW]. PODLASKIE VOIVODESHIP, Białowieża, 10.vii.1988, M. Koponen [1 ♂, FMNH]. POMERANIAN VOIVODESHIP, Gmina Miastko, 13.vii.1988, M. Koponen [1 ♀, FMNH]. PORTUGAL: [mainland, locality unknown], viii.1998, R. Paiva [1 ♀, BMNH]. MADEIRA, Madeira Island, Funchal, Vale do Paraíso, 740 m, 7.ix.1996, M. Koponen [1 ♀, 1 ♂, FMNH]. RUSSIA: MOSKOVSKAYA OBLAST’, Pushkinskiy rayon, Pushkino, Mamontovka, 5–15.vii.2001, E.Ya. Shuvakhina [1 ♀, UCRC]. SWITZERLAND: GENEVA, Vandoeuvres, F. Brocher (from eggs of Valenzuela flavidus (Stephens)) [1 ♀, NHMW]. UK: ENGLAND: Berkshire Co.: Slough, 1.x.1932, J.F. Pentamen [1 ♀, BMNH]. Sunninghill (near Ascot), Silwood Park, O.W. Richards (from eggs of V. flavidus on broom): 22.ix.1958, emerged during winter 1958–1959 [1 ♀, MMUE]; 5.viii.1959, emerged 14.viii–8.ix.1959 [4 ♀, MMUE]; 2.viii.1960, emerged 5–30.viii.1960 [2 ♀, 1 ♂, MMUE]; 27.vi–4.vii.1984, J. Waage, M.J. Matthews [1 ♀, BMNH]. Cambridgeshire Co., Meldreth, 28.v–4.vi.1981, R.S. George [1 ♀, BMNH]. Cheshire Co., Chester, F. Enock: 14.iii.1913 [1 ♂, MMUE] (misidentified by F. Enock and H. Britten as A. minimus); iii.1913 [1 ♀, MMUE] (F. Enock’s slide No. 27517, misidentified by him as A. minimus). Devon Co., Torquay, 1.vii.1980, J.R. Vockeroth (in pine plantation) [1 ♀, CNC]. Dorset Co., Bournemouth, S.G.C. Brown: ix.1960 (from psocid eggs on aspen) [numerous ♀, ♂, BMNH; 2 ♀, 2 ♂, MMUE]; ix.1979 (from psocid eggs on oak) [8 ♂, BMNH]; 15.ix.1980 (from psocid eggs on oak) [numerous ♀, ♂, BMNH]; ix.1980 (from psocid eggs on oak) [numerous ♀, ♂, BMNH]; ix.1982 [1 ♀, 1 ♂, BMNH]; 8.x.1981 [2 ♀, BMNH]; x.1981 (from psocid egg on oak) [1 ♂, BMNH]; 29.v.1982 [1 ♂, BMNH]; 12.vii.1982 [1 ♀, BMNH]; vii.1982 [1 ♀, BMNH]; 7.viii.1982 [2 ♀, BMNH]; viii.1982 [1 ♀, BMNH]; 8.x.1982 [7 ♀, BMNH]. Hampshire Co., Awbridge, 51°01’18’’N 1°32’27’’W, 52 m, C. Vardy: viii.1981 [1 ♀, BMNH]; ix.1981 [1 ♀, BMNH]. Herefordshire Co., Ross-on-Why, 3–9.ix.1979, R.S. George [2 ♀, BMNH]. London: London Borough of Enfield: Hadley Wood, 3.x.1972, M.W.R. de Vere Graham [1 ♀, BMNH]. Southgate, 9.ix.1971, M.W.R. de Vere Graham [1 ♀, BMNH]. London Borough of Merton: Wimbledon Park, vi–viii.1929, J.K. Close [1 ♀, BMNH]. North Yorkshire Co., Scarborough, Wrea Head, W.D. Hincks (from psocid eggs): 8.ix.1957, emerged 25.ix.1958 [5 ♀, 2 ♂, MMUE]; 26.viii.1958, emerged 3.ix.1958 [4 ♀, MMUE]. [No data]: H. Britten [1 ♀, MMUE] (misidentified by H. Britten as A. minimus); F. Enock (“Fairy-Fly Spot Lens 84.60”) [1 ♀, BMNH]. SCOTLAND: Edinburgh, 6–9.viii.1991, R. Wharton [1 ♀, UCRC]. Renfrewshire, Paisley, Foxbar, 5– 10.vii.1982, R.S. George [2 ♀, BMNH]. [Locality unknown], intercepted at Baltimore (Maryland, USA), 15.ix.1934 (“On heather from Scotland”) [1 ♀, USNM]. WALES, Bridgend Co. Borough, Coychurch, Coed-ymwstwr School, emerged iv.1948, B.M. Hitchings (from psocid eggs on leaves of cherry laurel) [8 ♀, 3 ♂, MMUE]. USA: CALIFORNIA: Alameda Co., Berkeley, University of California at Berkeley Botanical Garden, 19.v.1966 [numerous ♀, ♂, EMEC]. Los Angeles Co., Norwalk, Studebaker, 29.xii.1911, P.H. Timberlake [1 ♂, UCRC]. Marin Co., Mill Valley: 22.x.1965 [3 ♀, 4 ♂, EMEC]; 23.x.1965 [4 ♀, EMEC]; 25–26.x.1965 [8 ♀, 4 ♂, EMEC]; 27.x.1965 [8 ♀, 5 ♂, EMEC]; 29.x.1965 [1 ♀, 3 ♂, EMEC]; 2.vi.1968, R.L. Doutt [1 ♀, EMEC]. Mendocino Co., Hopland, Campovida Vineyard, 38°58’07’’N 123°05’54’’W, 151 m, H. Wilson: 21.i–23.i.2014 (on Umbellularia californica) [1 ♀, UCRC]; 21.i–30.i.2014 (on Heteromeles arbutifolia) [2 ♀, UCRC]. Orange Co.: Anaheim, S.E. Flanders (identified by S.E. Flanders as A. psocidivorus Gahan): 13.ix.1933 (from psocid eggs on citrus) [8 ♀, EMEC]; 20.ix.1933 (from psocid egg) [1 ♀, EMEC]. Buena Park, 17.x.1932, H. Compere [2 ♀, 1 ♂, EMEC] (identified by P.H. Timberlake as A. psocidivorus). Sonoma Co., Hoot Owl Creek Vineyards, 38°39’13’’N 122°47’29’’W, 19–21.iv.2012, H. Wilson (on Umbellularia californica) [1 ♀, UCRC]. ILLINOIS, Centralia (roadside Hwy. 51, 2 mi. S of downtown), 13–17.ix.1995, S.V. Triapitsyn [1 ♀, UCRC]. MICHIGAN, Livingston Co., University of Michigan E.S. George Reserve, [date unknown], K. Bohnsack [1 ♂, USNM].</p><p>Redescription. FEMALE (lectotype). Body brown, appendages pale (Fig. 112).</p><p>Antenna (F1 and F2 poorly visible as it is obscured by the uncleared head) with scape 4.2× as long as wide, pedicel about 2× as long as wide; F5 the widest funicle segment; clava 3.8× as long as wide, apparently with 4 mps, a little longer than combined length of F3–F5.</p><p>Fore wing (Fig. 113) about 9.8× as long as wide; disc almost hyaline and bare besides the admarginal rows; longest marginal seta 3.9× maximum wing width.</p><p>Ovipositor barely exserted beyond apex of gaster, 1.0× length of metatibia.</p><p>Measurements of the lectotype (µm). Body 330; ovipositor 142. Antenna: scape (including radicle) 72; pedicel 42; F3 36; F4 32; F5 30; clava 115. Fore wing 439:45; longest marginal seta 176.</p><p>Variation. Paralectotype of A. pallidicornis: fore wing (Fig. 114) about 9.1× as long as wide, longest marginal seta about 3.3× maximum wing width; hind wing about 14× as long as wide, longest marginal seta about 4.9× maximum wing width; ovipositor length 150 µm. Holotype (Fig. 120) and paratype of A. pechlaneri and non-type specimens from Europe (Figs 125, 127): body length of dry-mounted specimens 270–430 µm, of slide-mounted specimens 330–455 µm (usually less than 400 µm); head dark brown, mesosoma mostly brown, gaster usually a little lighter, appendages grayish or light brown; antenna from a little shorter to a little longer than body, with scape (including radicle) 3.6–4.4× as long as wide, F1 shorter than pedicel, F2 the longest funicle segment and usually 4.0–5.5× as long as wide but in a few very large specimens only tentatively attributable to A. pallidicornis up to about 7.0× as long as wide, F4 and F5 the widest funicle segments, clava 3.2–4.7× as long as wide, with 4 mps, slightly longer than combined length of F3–F5; fore wing 7.9–10.3× as long as wide (length 310–500 µm, usually 330–390 µm); disc with a slight brownish tinge and bare besides the admarginal rows, longest marginal seta 3.5– 4.8× maximum wing width; hind wing 15–20× as long as wide, disc more strongly infumate, with 1 row of setae closer to posterior margin, longest marginal seta 5.4–6.7× maximum wing width; ovipositor (length usually 97–154 µm but in a few very large specimens up to 210 µm) usually barely exserted beyond apex of gaster but in large specimens sometimes exserted by up to 0.2× total own length, and 0.8–1.3× length of metatibia (usually 0.9–1.1×).</p><p>MALE (non-type specimens from Europe, Fig. 128). Body length (slide-mounted specimens) 330–480 mm.</p><p>Similar to female except for normal sexually dimorphic features and the following. Antenna (Fig. 117) with scape (including radicle) 3.3–3.7× as long as wide; F1 shorter than pedicel. Mesosoma as in Fig. 126; fore wing (Fig. 129) 8.0–10.0× as long as wide. Genitalia (Fig. 118) length 63–78 µm.</p><p>Diagnosis. See the diagnoses of A. antennatus, A. plih, A. santetrapsi, and A. sp. near pallidicornis .</p><p>Distribution. Nearctic: Canada * and USA *; Palaearctic: Austria, Belarus (Triapitsyn 2002), Belgium, Bulgaria (Donev 1978, 1987), China *, Czech Republic *, Denmark, Egypt (Soyka 1950), Finland (Vikberg 1982), France (Pintureau &amp; Keita 1990), Germany, Israel *, Italy (Viggiani &amp; Jesu 1988; Viggiani 2005), Netherlands (Soyka 1937), Poland (Soyka 1937), Portugal * (including Madeira *), Romania (Pricop 2008, 2009, 2010a), Russia (Triapitsyn 2002), Spain (Baquero &amp; Jordana 2002; Arnaldos et al. 2004), Sweden (Noyes 2016), Switzerland *, and UK: England (Hincks 1959; New 1969), Scotland *, and Wales (Hincks 1959). Neotropical: Mexico (fossil—in amber, Doutt 1973; De Santis 1983; Guzmán-Larralde et al. 2017). Although Sysoev et al. (1967) mentioned A. excisus from Krasnodarskiy kray, Russia, this record needs confirmation (if their voucher specimens exist, but that is quite doubtful).</p><p>Hosts. Caecilius fuscopterus (Latreille) and Valenzuela flavidus (Stephens) (Caeciliusidae) (Triapitsyn 2002), Ectopsocus californicus (Banks) (Ectopsocidae) (Peck 1963; Doutt 1973) [as A. psocidivorus]), as well as Graphopsocus cruciatus (Linnaeus), Lachesilla pedicularia (Linnaeus) (Bakkendorf 1934; Debauche 1948; Kryger 1950; Arnaldos et al. 2004), and Stenopsocus stigmaticus (Imhoff &amp; Labram) (Stenopsocidae) (Triapitsyn 2002), and also some other Psocoptera listed by Spruyt (1927), New (1969) and Noyes (2016).</p><p>Comments. The rationale of using the name A. pallidicornis rather than the originally published name A. pallidornis (Foerster 1856), which was an obvious typographical mistake (Soyka 1937), needs to be further explained here to avoid the existing controversy. Alaptus pallidicornis was an unjustified emendation proposed by Dalla Torre (1898) based on the fact that the syntypes of this species in the NHMW were all labeled by A. Foerster himself as such and, unlike the original misspelling, it is the name that makes sense by referring to a fair color of the antennae. But because the name A. pallidicornis (at least 20 qualifying uses in the scientific literature, see some of them listed above) has been in an overwhelming prevailing usage over the name A. pallidornis (at most 2 qualifying uses by Pricop (2008, 2010a)) and is without any doubt attributed to the original author and publication date of this species, according to Article 33.2.3.1. (ICZN 1999) it is deemed to be a justified emendation being in prevailing usage and thus is to be maintained as the correct spelling.</p><p>There is no doubt whatsoever that Metalaptus torquatus is conspecific with A. pallidicornis, as suggested earlier by Viggiani &amp; Jesu (1988); particularly, Malenotti (1918), who redescribed and illustrated both sexes of his species thoroughly, provided drawings of the male which has a typical habitus and characteristic genitalia of A. pallidicornis . The syntypes of M. torquatus are presumed lost, as they could not be found anywhere in Florence, Tuscany, Italy (Gennaro Viggiani, personal communication).</p><p>There are numerous other A. pallidicornis specimens on slides in the W. Soyka collection in NHMW; for brevity, they are not recorded here; many of them (from the Netherlands and Poland) were listed by Soyka (1937). Along with many A. minimus and some A. fusculus, this species is also present in great numbers among at least a full drawer of dry-mounted Alaptus spp. in the BMNH, mostly from England.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A3B84BFF90FF89FF15B24CFC4A77B0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Serguei V. Triapitsyn	Serguei V. Triapitsyn (2017): Revision of Alaptus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in the Holarctic region, with taxonomic notes on some extralimital species. Zootaxa 4279 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4279.1.1
03A3B84BFF98FFF7FF15B646FB5873A0.text	03A3B84BFF98FFF7FF15B646FB5873A0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alaptus plih Triapitsyn	<div><p>Alaptus plih Triapitsyn, sp. n.</p><p>(Figs 130–133)</p><p>Type material. Holotype female [CAS] on slide (Fig. 133) labeled: 1. “ RUSSIA: Sakhalin Island ca. 6 km E <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=142.776&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.24267" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 142.776/lat 47.24267)">Sokol</a>, nr. Belaya R. 47°14.56’N, 142°46.56’E (MT) 31.vii.2001, D. J. Bennett &amp; T. Anderson, SK-01-DJB-028B”, 2. “ CAS Mounted at UCR /ERM by V. V. Berezovskiy 2007 in Canada balsam ”, 3. [magenta] “ Alaptus plih Triapitsyn HOLOTYPE ♀ ”; 4. “ Det. by S. V. Triapitsyn 2006”. The holotype (Fig. 131) is in good condition, mounted dorsoventrally, with a pair of wings detached and mounted under a separate coverslip; missing are a clava of one antenna and a pair of wings . Paratype: same locality and collectors as the holotype except collected 16.vii.2001 (code SK-01-DJB-028C) [1 ♀ on slide, CAS]. The type locality is in Sakhalinskaya oblast’ of Russia .</p><p>Description. FEMALE (holotype). Head and gaster dark brown, mesosoma yellowish to light brown; appendages light brown except metacoxa brown.</p><p>Antenna (Fig. 130) shorter than body; scape (including radicle) 5.2× as long as wide, almost smooth; F1 shorter than pedicel and the shortest funicle segment, F2 the longest funicle segment and about 4× as long as wide, F3–F5 subequal in length, F4 and F5 the widest funicle segments; clava 3.8× as long as wide, apparently with 4 mps, as long as combined length of F3–F5.</p><p>Fore wing (Fig. 132) 9.3× as long as wide; disc slightly infumate and bare except the admarginal rows; longest marginal seta 4.0× maximum wing width. Hind wing (Fig. 132) about 17× as long as wide; disc a little more strongly infumate, with 1 row of setae closer to posterior margin; longest marginal seta 6.2× maximum wing width.</p><p>Gaster (Fig. 131) longer than mesosoma. Ovipositor short, not exserted beyond apex of gaster, occupying about 0.4× its length, and a little more than 0.6× length of metatibia.</p><p>Measurements of the holotype (µm). Body 466; head 112; mesosoma 173; gaster 215; ovipositor 188. Antenna: scape (including radicle) 79; pedicel 42; F1 30; F2 39; F3 33; F4 33; F5 33; clava 106. Fore wing 427:46; longest marginal seta 182. Hind wing 421:25; longest marginal seta 155.</p><p>Variation (paratype). Body length 488 µm; fore wing 9.1× as long as wide, longest marginal seta 4.1× maximum wing width; hind wing about 18× as long as wide, longest marginal seta 6.6× maximum wing width; ovipositor a little less than 0.7× length of metatibia.</p><p>MALE. Unknown.</p><p>Diagnosis. Alaptus plih is most similar to A. pallidicornis and A. sp. near pallidicornis, from which it differs in the consistent body color patterns, as indicated in the key.</p><p>Etymology. The species name is a noun in apposition and a combination of letters without any meaning.</p><p>Hosts. Unknown.</p><p>Comments. I also examined one specimen which could belong to this species: RUSSIA: PRIMORSKIY KRAY, Ussuriyskiy rayon, Gornotayozhnoye, 24.ix–5.x.1999, M.V. Michailovskaya [1 ♀, UCRC] .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A3B84BFF98FFF7FF15B646FB5873A0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Serguei V. Triapitsyn	Serguei V. Triapitsyn (2017): Revision of Alaptus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in the Holarctic region, with taxonomic notes on some extralimital species. Zootaxa 4279 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4279.1.1
03A3B84BFFE6FFF6FF15B24BFE4B70F5.text	03A3B84BFFE6FFF6FF15B24BFE4B70F5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alaptus santetrapsi Triapitsyn	<div><p>Alaptus santetrapsi Triapitsyn, sp. n.</p><p>(Figs 134–141)</p><p>Type material. Holotype female [ZIN] on slide (Fig. 138) labeled: 1. “ RUSSIA: Primorskiy Kray Ussuriysk District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=132.25&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.66" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 132.25/lat 43.66)">Gorno-tayozhnoye</a>, 2000 m, 43.66°N 132.25°E, 1–10.viii.2000 M. V. Michailovskaya, MT”, 2. “ Mounted at UCR /ERM by V. V. Berezovskiy 2007 in Canada balsam ”; 3. [magenta] “ Alaptus santetrapsi Triapitsyn HOLOTYPE ♀ ”; 4. “ Det. by S. V. Triapitsyn 2007”. The holotype (Fig. 134) is complete, with the wings detached and mounted under a separate coverslip . Paratypes: CANADA: ALBERTA, Banff National Park, Saskatchewan River Crossing, L.S. Skaley (“ Duff layer around C [ronartium]. comandrae infected Pinus contorta ”, remounted at UCRC on individual slides from 2 almost dry slides in Hoyer’s medium) : 16.i.1971 [4 ♀, 1 ♂, CNC; 1 ♀, 1 ♂, UCRC]; 16.ii.1971 [5 ♀, 3 ♂, CNC]. ONTARIO, Ottawa, West Carleton-March Ward, Constance Bay, 20.vii.1973, G.A.P. Gibson [1 ♀ on slide, CNC] . YUKON (at Northwest Territories border), Dempster Hwy., Richardson Mts., 18.viii.1984, S. &amp; J. Peck (tundra) [1 ♀ on slide, CNC] . RUSSIA: PRIMORSKIY KRAY, Ussuriyskiy rayon, Gornotayozhnoye (18 km SE of Ussuriysk), 25–26.ix.1999, M.V. Michailovskaya, YPT [1 ♀ on slide, UCRC] .</p><p>Material examined (non-type). CANADA: ALBERTA: Banff National Park, Saskatchewan River Crossing, L.S. Skaley (“ Duff layer around C [ronartium]. comandrae infected Pinus contorta ”): 8.i.1971 [3 ♀, 3 ♂, CNC] ; 16.i.1971 [2 ♀, 2 ♂, CNC]; 8.ii.1971 [1 ♂, CNC]. Seebe, L.S. Skaley (“Duff layer around C [ronartium]. comandrae infected Pinus contorta ”): 4.i.1971 [3 ♀, 1 ♂, CNC]; 28.i.1971 [10 ♀, 4 ♂, CNC]; 8.ii.1971 [2 ♀, 1 ♂, and incomplete 1 specimen of unknown sex, CNC]; 25.ii.1971 [5 ♀, 1 ♂, CNC]. These specimens are all poorly mounted, on 9 slides, in a partially dry Hoyer’s medium and thus require proper re-mediation into Canada balsam.</p><p>Description. FEMALE (holotype). Body (Fig. 134) dark brown except mesosoma a little lighter (particularly laterally); appendages light brown to brown.</p><p>Antenna (Fig. 136) as long as body; scape (including radicle) 5.0× as long as wide, almost smooth; F1 as long as pedicel and about as long as F4, F2 the longest funicle segment and about 7× as long as wide, F3 shorter than F2 and slightly longer than F4, F5 the shortest and widest funicle segment; clava 4.4× as long as wide, apparently with 4 mps, almost as long as combined length of F3–F5.</p><p>Fore wing (Fig. 137) 10.2× as long as wide; disc slightly infumate and bare except the admarginal rows; longest marginal seta 4.4× maximum wing width. Hind wing (Fig. 137) about 19× as long as wide; disc more strongly infumate, with 1 row of setae closer to posterior margin; longest marginal seta 6.8× maximum wing width.</p><p>Ovipositor (Fig. 134) markedly exserted beyond apex of gaster (by 0.33× its own total length), occupying about 0.6× its length, and 1.3× length of metatibia.</p><p>Measurements of the holotype (µm). Body 515; head 109; mesosoma 188; gaster 242; ovipositor 218. Antenna: scape (including radicle) 90; pedicel 45; F1 45; F2 64; F3 48; F4 44; F5 39; clava 133. Fore wing 488:48; longest marginal seta 212. Hind wing 484:25; longest marginal seta 170.</p><p>Variation. Paratype from the Far Fast of Russia: body length 455 µm; antenna a little longer than body; scape (including radicle) 4.7× as long as wide; clava 4.0× as long as wide; fore wing 10.8× as long as wide, longest marginal seta 4.8× maximum wing width; hind wing about 20× as long as wide. Paratypes from Canada (Fig. 135): body length 515–605 µm; antenna a little shorter than body, scape (including radicle) 4.4–5.4× as long as wide; clava 4.9–5.4× as long as wide and a little shorter than combined length of F3–F5; fore wing 10.1–10.5× as long as wide, longest marginal seta 3.8–4.3× maximum wing width; hind wing 20–21× as long as wide, longest marginal seta 7.0–7.5× maximum wing width; ovipositor exserted beyond apex of gaster by 0.31–0.35× its own total length, 1.3–1.4× length of metatibia.</p><p>MALE (paratypes from Canada, Fig. 139). Body length 555–575 µm. Similar to female except for normal sexually dimorphic features and the following. Antenna (Fig. 141) with scape 3.7–4.3× as long as wide, Fl about as long as pedicel, F2 longer than F1. Fore wing 10.0–11.0× as long as wide. Genitalia (Fig. 140) length 106–121 µm.</p><p>Diagnosis. This species differs from A. antennatus, to which it is most similar, and all other species of the genus with a bare disc of the fore wing (except for the admarginal rows of setae) in having a relatively long ovipositor (1.3–1.4× length of metatibia) which is markedly exserted beyond the gastral apex (by about one-third of its own total length).</p><p>Etymology. The species is named after Sante Traps (www.santetraps.com), the manufacturer of excellent Malaise traps, one of which was used to capture the holotype of this new taxon.</p><p>Hosts. Unknown.</p><p>Comments. There is hardly any doubt about conspecificity of the specimens from Canada with those from the Russian Far East; the former seem to be somewhat larger on average but that might be due in part to a possible effect of the different slide-mounting techniques (like flattening of the gaster in the initial water-soluble medium if the coverslip had been pressed).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A3B84BFFE6FFF6FF15B24BFE4B70F5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Serguei V. Triapitsyn	Serguei V. Triapitsyn (2017): Revision of Alaptus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in the Holarctic region, with taxonomic notes on some extralimital species. Zootaxa 4279 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4279.1.1
03A3B84BFFE4FFF2FF15B55FFE36747E.text	03A3B84BFFE4FFF2FF15B55FFE36747E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alaptus schmitzi Soyka 1939	<div><p>Alaptus schmitzi Soyka, 1939</p><p>(Figs 142–153)</p><p>Alaptus schmitzi Soyka 1939b: 27 –28, 30 (key). Type locality: Karkonosze Mountains (50°44’18’’N 15°42’19’’E, 1434 m), Karkonosze National Park, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Poland (the same locality and collecting event as the lectotype of A. stammeri Soyka; as “Riesengebirge” in the original description); incorrectly indicated as Germany by Debauche (1948), Vidal (2001), and Noyes (2016).</p><p>Alaptus schmitzi Soyka: Debauche 1948: 55 –56 (list, key); Soyka 1948: 75 (key); Trjapitzin 1978: 521 (key, distribution); Donev 1988b: 205 (distribution).</p><p>Alaptus globularis Sveum &amp; Solem 1980: 127 –128. Type locality: Kongsvoll, Oppdal, Sør-Trøndelag, Norway. Syn. n.</p><p>Type material examined. Holotype (as “Genotype” in the original description) female of A. schmitzi Soyka [NHMW] on slide (Fig. 142) labeled: 1. “ Alaptus ♀ schmitzi (Soyka) Type”, 2. [red] “Type”, 3. “Riesengebirge, Schlesien weisse Wiese am Weg Wiesenbaude - Schlesierhaus 28. Sept. 1933, det. Soyka gef. von Dr. Stammer det. W. Soyka In Canadabalsam”. The holotype (Fig. 144) is in fair condition, mounted almost dorsoventrally with one antenna, a pair of wings, and one metatarsus detached from the body, complete. Paratype (as “Cotype” in the original description) female [NHMW] on slide (Fig. 147) labeled: 1. “ Alaptus ♀ schmitzi (Soyka) Co-Type ”, 2. [red] “Co-Type”, 3. “Riesengebirge, Schlesien, weisse Wiese am Weg, Wiesenbaude - Schlesierhaus 28. Sept. 1933 gef. von Dr. Stammer, Breslau det. W. Soyka In Canadabalsam”.</p><p>Holotype female of A. globularis Sveum &amp; Solem [NTNU] on slide (Fig. 150) labeled [partially in India ink and in pencil, or printed]: 1. “Lok . Norway, STi: Oppdal, Kongsvoll suction trap Dato 6. Aug. 1978 Coll. Anders Olsen Hab. Sub-alpine birch belt Ref. nr. Mont. Canadabalsam ”; 2. “ Name Alaptus globularis n. sp. Det. Sveum &amp; Solem Tax. ♀ Holotype ”. The holotype (Fig. 151) is in fair condition, complete, mounted laterally. Also 6 female paratypes [NTNU] on individual slides, same data as the holotype; according to Sveum &amp; Solem (1980), the species was described from the holotype and 8 paratypes, all of them females.</p><p>Material examined. CHINA: BEIJING, Mentougou District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=115.524666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.987" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 115.524666/lat 39.987)">Xiaolongmen Station</a>, 39°59.22’N 115°31.48’E, 1095 m, 28.vii.2002, G. Melika [1 ♀, UCRC] . FINLAND: UUSIMAA, Nurmijärvi: 8.viii.1986, M. Koponen [1 ♀, FMNH]; Ruostesuo, 9.viii.1992, M. Koponen [1 ♀, FMNH] . RUSSIA: PRIMORSKIY KRAY, Ussuriyskiy rayon, Gornotayozhnoye, 23–28.v.2003, M.V. Michailovskaya [1 ♀, UCRC] . UK: ENGLAND, Dorset Co., West Moors, 29.ix.1957, S.G.C. Brown [1 ♀, MMUE].</p><p>Redescription. FEMALE (holotype of A. schmitzi). Body dark brown, appendages brown.</p><p>Antenna (Figs 144, 145) a little shorter than body; scape (including radicle) 3.1× as long as wide; funicle rather short, F1 much shorter than pedicel and the shortest funicle segment, other funicle segments subequal in length except F4 slightly longer, F2 2.3× as long as wide, F5 the widest funicle segment; clava 2.6× as long as wide, apparently with 4 mps, a little shorter than combined length of F2–F5.</p><p>Fore wing (Figs 143, 144) 9.45× as long as wide; disc with a slight brownish tinge and bare except for 1 seta on one of the wings and the admarginal rows; longest marginal seta 4.4× maximum wing width. Hind wing (Fig. 144) about 14× as long as wide; disc with 1 incomplete row of setae along posterior margin; longest marginal seta 5.0× maximum wing width.</p><p>Ovipositor (Fig. 144) barely exserted beyond apex of gaster, occupying about 0.6× its length, and 0.8× length of metatibia.</p><p>Measurements of the holotype (µm). Body 369; head 92; mesosoma 142; gaster 148; ovipositor 90. Antenna: scape (including radicle) 72; pedicel 39; F1 18; F2 21; F3 21; F4 24; F5 21; clava 88. Fore wing 378:40; longest marginal seta 175. Hind wing 376:27; longest marginal seta 136.</p><p>Variation. Paratype of A. schmitzi: body length 381 µm; antenna (Fig. 146) with scape 3.3× as long as wide and clava 3.1× as long as wide; fore wing 8.2× as long as wide, disc with 1 seta on one wing (Fig. 148) and 3 setae in a median row on the other (Fig. 149). The type series of A. globularis: body length 302–449 µm; antenna (Fig. 152) with scape 2.9–3.3× as long as wide and clava 2.8–2.9× as long as wide; fore wing (Fig. 153) 8.9–9.3× as long as wide, disc with 4–6 setae in a median row; ovipositor 0.9–1.0× length of metatibia. Non-type specimens: body length of dry-mounted specimens 200–264 µm, of slide-mounted specimens 350–405 µm; body dark brown to black, appendages brown (dry-mounted specimen from Finland); clava 3.1× as long as wide; fore wing about 8.9– 9.5× as long as wide, disc with 0, 1 or 2 setae in a median row; ovipositor 0.8–0.9× length of metatibia.</p><p>MALE. Known (Donev 1988b) but not described. Its identity needs to be verified though.</p><p>Diagnosis. See those of A. eriococci and A. huberi .</p><p>Distribution. Palaearctic: Bulgaria (Donev 1988b), China *, Finland *, Norway (Sveum &amp; Solem 1980 [as A. globularis]), Poland, Russia * (Primorskiy kray), and UK * (England).</p><p>Hosts. Unknown.</p><p>Comments. Most specimens of A. globularis are larger than the holotype and paratype of A. schmitzi, and have more (4–6) setae in a median row on the fore wing, but otherwise are very similar to specimens of the latter species, hence the synonymy.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A3B84BFFE4FFF2FF15B55FFE36747E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Serguei V. Triapitsyn	Serguei V. Triapitsyn (2017): Revision of Alaptus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in the Holarctic region, with taxonomic notes on some extralimital species. Zootaxa 4279 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4279.1.1
03A3B84BFFE3FFFCFF15B609FCE57584.text	03A3B84BFFE3FFFCFF15B609FCE57584.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alaptus stammeri Soyka 1939	<div><p>Alaptus stammeri Soyka, 1939</p><p>(Figs 154–166)</p><p>Alaptus minimus Westwood [as (Haliday) Walker)]: Bakkendorf 1934: 17 –23 (in part—a few specimens only, hosts, illustrations, development: misidentification), 131 (host).</p><p>Alaptus stammeri Soyka 1939b: 29 –30. Type locality: Karkonosze Mountains (50°44’18’’N 15°42’19’’E, 1434 m), Karkonosze National Park, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Poland (of the lectotype designated here, see “Comments” below; as “Riesengebirge” in the original description); incorrectly indicated as Germany by Debauche (1948), Vidal (2001), and Noyes (2016).</p><p>Alaptus tritrichosus Maláč 1947: 97 –100. Type locality: Heršpice (near Slavkov u Brna), Vyškov District, South Moravian Region, Czech Republic. Holotype and 3 paratype females (not examined), presumably lost (see “Comments” below). Syn. n.</p><p>Alaptus stammeri Soyka: Debauche 1948: 55 –56 (list, key); Soyka 1948: 75 (key); Kryger 1950: 32 (illustration of the female, habitus, his fig. 1 [as Alaptus (Hal.) Westwood]); Trjapitzin 1978: 521 (key, distribution); Donev 1978: 459 (distribution); Pintureau &amp; Keita 1990: 239 (host associations), 242 (population dynamics); Triapitsyn 2002: 216 (distribution, host associations).</p><p>Alaptus tritrichosus Maláč: Soyka 1948: 75 (key); Sveum &amp; Solem 1980: 128 (compared with A. globularis).</p><p>Alaptus richardsi Hincks 1960: 171 –172. Type locality: Silwood Park, Sunninghill (near Ascot), Berkshire Co., England, UK. Syn. n.</p><p>Alaptus richardsi Hincks: New 1969: 182 –192 (biology, illustrations of immature stages); Triapitsyn 2002: 216 (distribution, host associations).</p><p>Alaptus stammeri Soyka: Triapitsyn 2002: 216 (distribution, host associations).</p><p>Type material examined. Alaptus stammeri Soyka: lectotype female [NHMW], here designated to avoid the existing confusion regarding the status of the type specimens of this taxon, on slide (Fig. 154) labeled: 1. “ Alaptus ♀ stammeri Soyka Type”; 2. [red] “Type”; 3. [in pencil, most likely the original H.-J. Stammer’s number that also appears on one of the fully labeled specimens of A. pallidicornis from the same collecting event] “104 ae 16”. The lectotype (Fig. 155) is in fair condition, mounted dorsoventrally, complete. Paralectotypes (the species was described from 1 “genotype” and 22 “cotypes” but actually 2 females are marked as “Type” among them so it is now impossible to figure out which one was the “genotype”) on slides: 1 female [NHMW] on slide labeled: 1. “ Alaptus ♀ stammeri ”, 2. [red] “Type”, 3. [in pencil] “104 ae Type 2 Fühler”; 1 female [NHMW] on slide labeled: 1. “ Alaptus ♀ stammeri (Soyka) Co-Type ”, 2. [red] “Co-Type”, 3. [in pencil] “104 ae 7”; 1 female [NHMW] on slide labeled: 1. “ Alaptus ♀ stammeri ”, 2. [red] “Co-Type”, 3. [in pencil] “104 ae 5”; 1 female [NHMW] on slide labeled: 1. “ Alaptus ♀ stammeri (Soyka) Co-Type ”, 2. [red] “Co-Type”, 3. [in pencil] “104 ae Type 1”; 1 female [NHMW] on slide labeled: 1. “ Alaptus ♀ stammeri ”, 2. [red] “Co-Type”, 3. [in pencil] “104 ae 15”; 3 females [NHMW] on slides labeled: 1. “ Alaptus ♀ stammeri (Soyka) det. W. Soyka Co-Type”, 2. [red] “Co-Type”, 3. “Riesengebirge weisse Wiese nördlich von Weg aus Wiesenbaude Moortümpel 28. IX. [or 9.] 1933 lg Stammer Coll. Soyka In Canadab. 1933”; 1 female [NHMW] on slide labeled: 1. “ Alaptus ♀ stammeri (Soyka) det. W. Soyka Co-Type”, 2. [red] “Para-Type”, 3. “Riesengebirge weisse Wiese nördlich des Weges aus Wiesenbaude Moortümpel 28.9.1933 lg Stammer Coll Soyka In Canadab. 1933”; 2 females [NHMW] on slides labeled: 1. “ Alaptus ♀ stammeri (Soyka) det. W. Soyka”, 2. [red] “Co-Type”, 3. “Valkenburg Holland Ign. K. a. F. 7 Oktober 1931 lg Soyka In Canadab. 1941”; 1 female [NHMW] on slide labeled: 1. “ Alaptus ♀ stammeri (Soyka) det. W. Soyka”, 2. [red] “Co-Type”, 3. “Valkenburg Holland Ignatiuskolleg, Fenster 7. Okt. 1931 Soyka Canadab. Febr. 1935”; 1 female [NHMW] on slide labeled: 1. “ Alaptus ♀ stammeri var. (Soyka) 20 [in pencil] Co.-Type 4 [in pencil]”, 2. [red] “Co-Type”, 3. “Valkenburg S. Holland I. Kolleg, am Fenster 7. Okt. 1931 Soyka lg Coll. Soyka In Canadabalsam”; 1 female [NHMW] on slide labeled: 1. “ Alaptus ♀ stammeri var. (Soyka) 22 [in pencil] Co-Type 6 [in pencil]”, 2. [red] “Co-Type”, 3. “Valkenburg I. Kolleg Süd-Holland, am Fenster 7. Okt. 1931 Coll. Soyka In Canadabalsam”; 1 female [ISNB] on slide labeled: 1. “ Alaptus ♀ stammeri (Soyka) Co-Type ”, 2. “J. Ghesquière vid., 1951!”, 3. “R. I. Sc. Nat. Belg. I. G. 17..496”, 4. “Riesengebirge, Schlesien weisse Wiese Weg aus Wiesenbaude, Moortümpel 28.9.1933 lg Stammer Coll. Soyka In Canadab.”; 1 female [ISNB] on slide labeled: 1. “ Alaptus ♀ stammeri Soyka) 21 Cotype”, 2. [red] “Para-Type”, 3. “Valkenburg Holland Ignatiuskolleg, Fenster 7. Okt. 1931 Soyka Coll. Soyka Canadab. Febr. 1935”; 1 female [EMEC] on slide labeled: 1. “ Alaptus ♀ stammeri (Soyka) det. W. Soyka”, 2. [red] “Co-Type”, 3. “Riesengebirge weisse Wiese nördlich des Weg aus Wiesenbaude Moortümpel 28.IX.1933 lg Stammer Coll. Soyka In Canadab. 1933”.</p><p>Alaptus richardsi Hincks: holotype female [BMNH] on slide (Fig. 159) labeled: 1. “Silwood Park Berks. 22.9.58 Psocid eggs on Broom, em. winter 1958- 9 in lab. O. W. Richards Mounted in gum chlorol”; 2. [red circle] “Type”; 3. “ Alaptus richardsi Hincks. TYPE ♀ B.M. 1966-9 Type no. B.M. 5.1733 [in red ink] G. C.”. The holotype (Fig. 160) is in poor condition, with antennae shriveled, mounted dorsoventrally, complete; the watersoluble mounting medium (probably Hoyer’s) is almost completely dry. Paratypes (on separate slides): 3 females [MMUE] labeled: 1. “ Alaptus richardsi Hincks PARATYPE ♀ 6c”; 2. [yellow] “Manchester Museum PARATYPE”; 3. “Silwood Park Berks, 22.9.58 Psocid eggs on broom, Em. in lab. Winter 1958-9 O. W. Richards” (one of them in completely dry Hoyer's medium); 1 female [BMNH] labeled: 1. “Silwood Park, Berks. 22.9.58 Psocid eggs on Broom, em. in lab. winter 1958-9. O. W. Richards”; 2. [yellow circle] “Para-type”; 3. “B.M. 1966- 9 Alaptus richardsi Hincks PARATYPE ♀ G. C. Mounted in gum chlorol.” (in completely dry Hoyer's medium).</p><p>Material examined. DENMARK: HOVEDSTADEN, Dyrehaven (Jaegersborg Dyrehave, Zealand Island), O. Bakkendorf (from psocid eggs): 10.ii.1925 [1 ♀, ZMUC]; ix.1925 [1 ♀, ZMUC]. SJAELLAND, Møn (Møen) Island, Karensby, collected 27.viii.1925, emerged 14–16.ix.1925, O. Bakkendorf (from psocid eggs on Angelica archangelica [as Archangelica sativa]) [1 ♀, ZMUC] (misidentified by O. Bakkendorf as A. minimus). FINLAND: UUSIMAA, Helsinki, 10.viii.1980, M. Koponen [1 ♂, FMNH]. Nurmijärvi, 14.viii.1995, M. Koponen [1 ♀, FMNH]. GEORGIA: ADJARA, Batumi, Kakhaberi, Gruzbiolaboratoriya (Georgian Biological Control Laboratory), 20.viii.1953, V.A. Trjapitzin [1 ♀, ZIN]. NETHERLANDS: LIMBURG, Valkenburg, St. Ignatius Jesuit College (Ignatiuskolleg), 7.x.1931, W. Soyka (on window) [1 ♀, NHMW] (misidentified by W. Soyka as A. pallidicornis). RUSSIA: MOSCOVSKAYA OBLAST’, Noginskiy rayon, Fryazevo, 25.vii.2002, M.E. Tretiakov [2 ♀, UCRC]. PRIMORSKIY KRAY, Ussuriyskiy rayon, Gornotayozhnoye, M.V. Michailovskaya: 12– 18.viii.1999 [4 ♀, IBPV, UCRC, ZIN]; 17–18.viii.1999 [3 ♀, IBPV, UCRC]; 15–30.ix.2000 [1 ♂, UCRC]; 12– 15.viii.2002 [2 ♀, 1 ♂, UCRC]; 11–16.vii.2003 [1 ♀, UCRC]; 27.viii–5.ix.2003 [3 ♀, UCRC, ZIN]; 6–15.ix.2003 [2 ♀, 1 ♂, UCRC]; 15–19.ix.2003 [1 ♀, UCRC]. SAKHALINSKAYA OBLAST’, Sakhalin Island: 2 km E of Sokol, near Belaya River, 24.vii.2001, D.J. Bennett, T. Anderson [2 ♀, 1 ♂, CAS]. 6 km E of Sokol, near Belaya River, D.J. Bennett, T. Anderson: 24.vii.2001 [5 ♀, CAS]; 31.vii.2001 [2 ♀, CAS]; 16.viii.2001 [11 ♀, 3 ♂, CAS, UCRC]. UK: ENGLAND, Cambridgeshire Co., Monks Wood, 14–21.v.1981, R.S. George [1 ♀, BMNH].</p><p>Extralimital material examined. NEW ZEALAND: North Island, Massey, E.W. Valentine: v.1980 [1 ♀, BMNH] ; vi.1980 [1 ♀, BMNH]; vii.1980 [1 ♀, BMNH].</p><p>Redescription. FEMALE (lectotype). Body (Fig. 157) and appendages yellow to brownish-yellow except vertex brown.</p><p>Antenna (Fig. 156) slightly longer than body; scape (including radicle) 4.6× as long as wide; funicle rather long, F1 as long as F4 or F5 (the shortest funicle segments), F2 as long as pedicel and 3.7× as long as wide, F5 the widest funicle segment; clava 4.2× as long as wide, apparently with 4 mps, about as long as combined length of F3–F5 plus about half length of F2.</p><p>Fore wing (Fig. 158) 9.8× as long as wide; disc with a slight brownish tinge basally and bare except for 5 setae in an incomplete median row in the middle and the admarginal rows; longest marginal seta 4.7× maximum wing width. Hind wing (Fig. 158) about 18× as long as wide; disc with 1 complete median row of setae and without rows of admarginal setae; longest marginal seta 7.0× maximum wing width.</p><p>Ovipositor (Fig. 157) exserted beyond apex of gaster by about 0.3× total own length, occupying about 0.6× its length, and 1.2× length of metatibia.</p><p>Measurements of the lectotype (µm). Body 418; head 76; mesosoma 163; gaster 194; ovipositor 164. Antenna: scape (including radicle) 70; pedicel 45; F1 30; F2 45; F3 33; F4 30; F5 30; clava 126. Fore wing 469:48; longest marginal seta 227. Hind wing 452:25; longest marginal seta 176.</p><p>Variation. Paralectotypes of A. stammeri: body length 364–515 µm; scape 3.3–5.0× as long as wide; F2 rarely just slightly shorter than pedicel (as 11:12); clava 4.2–4.4× as long as wide; mesoscutum sometimes light brown; fore wing 8.9–9.7× as long as wide, disc with 5–8 setae in an incomplete median row in the middle; ovipositor exserted beyond apex of gaster by 0.1–0.3× its total own length and 1.05–1.2× length of metatibia. Holotype of A.</p><p>richardsi (Fig. 160): body length 418 µm; fore wing disc with 6 setae in a median row; ovipositor 1.3× length of metatibia. Non-type specimens from Europe: scape 3.1× and clava 4.0× as long as wide; fore wing 10.0–10.3× as long as wide, disc occasionally with 2, 4, but more often with 6 setae in a median row; ovipositor 1.3–1.5× length of metatibia.</p><p>MALE. Not known for sure, since specimens from Finland and particularly Far East of Russia are only tentatively identified as belonging to A. stammeri . In the male from Helsinki (body length before being slidemounted 264 µm), which seems to be conspecific with the positively identified female of A. stammeri from Nurmijärvi in the same region of Finland, body light brown (darker than in the female) except vertex brown, fore wing (Fig. 162) 9.1× as long as wide and hind wing about 16× as long as wide, and disc of fore wing disc with 2 or 3 setae in an incomplete median row in the middle; in those from the Russian Far East (body length of the slidemounted specimens 400–520 µm), antenna (Fig. 164) with F1 shorter than pedicel, F2 usually about as long as pedicel but occasionally slightly shorter, fore wing (Fig. 165) 8.3–9.6× as long as wide and its disc with 3, 5, 6 or 7 setae in an incomplete median row in the middle, and genitalia (Fig. 166) identical to those of the male from Finland (Fig. 163).</p><p>Diagnosis. Alaptus stammeri is very similar to A. immaturus in having a yellow body in females with a dark vertex, an almost identical female antenna except F2 being usually about as long as pedicel or at most slightly shorter (F2 notably shorter than pedicel in the latter species), and fore wing with a single incomplete row of several setae in the middle of disc. There is hardly any difference between them in the relative ovipositor length: in the specimens of A. stammeri from Europe, the ovipositor length: metatibia length ratio is usually 1.2–1.3 but sometimes up to 1.5, whereas in A. immaturus it is 1.1–1.6.</p><p>Specimens from the Russian Far East in the eastern Palaearctic region, which are tentatively identified as A. stammeri, tend to have an intermediate state of F2 length relative to pedicel length of the female antenna often being a little but definitely shorter than pedicel (Fig. 161) more like in A. immaturus, so that may be indicative that potentially A. stammeri and A. immaturus could be conspecific and display a rather wide range of intraspecific variation, particularly a geographic one. Yet, in most examined specimens from there F2 of the female antenna is either as long or almost as long as pedicel, much like in the European A. stammeri . So, without having at hand any genetic data on these two nominal species and their different populations, I prefer to keep them separate, at least for now. A solution of this issue would require a combination of thorough morphometric, molecular, and crossbreeding studies.</p><p>Distribution. Palaearctic: Belarus (Triapitsyn 2002); Bulgaria (Donev 1978), Czech Republic (Maláč 1947 [as A. tritrichosus]), Denmark (Bakkendorf 1934 [as A. minimus]); Finland *, France (Pintureau &amp; Keita 1990), Georgia *, Netherlands (Soyka 1939b), Poland, Russia (Triapitsyn 2002 [as A. richardsi]), and UK (England) (Hincks 1960 [as A. richardsi]); Australasian: New Zealand * (most likely unintentionally introduced from Europe).</p><p>Hosts. “ Caecilius sp.” (New 1969 [as A. richardsi]) and Valenzuela flavidus (Stephens) (Hincks 1960 [probably]; Triapitsyn 2002) [as A. richardsi] ( Caeciliusidae); Ectopsocus sp. (Ne, 1969 [as A. richardsi]) ( Ectopsocidae), Graphopsocus sp. (New 1969 [as A. richardsi]), Stenopsocus immaculatus (Stephens) (Triapitsyn 2002) and Stenopsocus sp. (New 1969 [as A. richardsi]) ( Stenopsocidae).</p><p>Comments. The exact type locality of A. stammeri (and also of other described species of Mymaridae captured during the same collecting event by H.-J. Stammer, like for instance A. schmitzi) has long been a mystery; in fact, it wasn’t even known for sure in which country it was. Soyka (1939b, p. 30) gives the following description of this locality, as translated from German: “…collected 28 September 1933 in Riesengebirge at 1400 m elevation, at a white meadow North of the road between Wiesenbaude – Schlesierhaus in the biggest marsh pond by Professor Dr. Stammer, Breslau, blown by a strong wind to water surface”. Both Wiesenbaude and Schlesierhaus are historic mountain huts (called bouda in Czech, schronisko in Polish, and Baude in German) in Riesengebirge, the mountains which are now in both the Czech Republic and Poland; both are now hotels. Wiesenbaude is now called Luční bouda and is in Krkonoše National Park, in Krkonoše Mountains, Czech Republic (just S of the border between the Czech Republic and Poland), and Schlesierhaus is now called Schronisko Górskie ‘Dom Śląski’ (at the foot of Śnieżka Mountain), Karkonosze National Park, Karkonosze Mountains, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Poland (right at the border on the Polish side). The road between them (2.6 km long), starting from Schronisko Górskie ‘Dom Śląski’, runs first along the border and then, about half way, turns SWW into the Czech Republic towards Luční bouda; near there Google Earth shows a number of marsh ponds on both sides of the border approximately at 50°44’15’N 15°42’36’’E (elevation 1430–1431 m). In this area, called in Polish Równia pod Śnieżką, there are unique peat bogs, while closer to Schronisko Górskie ‘Dom Śląski’ there is a nicely preserved piece of tundra, a rare habitat in Central Europe (Paweł Jałoszyński, personal communication). The biggest marsh pond (50°44’18’’N 15°42’19’’E, 1434 m, ca. 70 m long and ca. 31 m wide) at Równia pod Śnieżką that is North of the road is now definitely on the Polish side of the border; because the ponds there are very stable, and their configuration has not been changing at least since 1928 according to the detailed maps in Rudolph et al. (1928) (Joanna Potocka via Paweł Jałoszyński, personal communication), the lectotype of A. stammeri and the holotype of A. schmitzi (along with some other fairyflies from the same collecting event) were without much doubt collected in Poland.</p><p>The proposed synonymy of A. tritrichosus is based on the original description and, particularly, illustrations provided in it. Unfortunately, the type series of this species seems to be lost along with the entire Alois Maláč collection of Mymaridae, which could not be found either in Prague or Brno in the Czech Republic (Alena Samková, personal communication). They fit the features of A. stammeri rather well except the general body color, which was described (Maláč, 1947, p. 97) as “The basal colouring is pale brown” but that may be due to the changes caused by the mounting method. Also, Maláč (1947, p. 97) himself wrote that “The new species stands in the nearest relationship to Alaptus caecilli [sic] Girault”; indeed, as shown in this study, A. stammeri is very similar to A. immaturus of which A. caecilii is now a junior synonym.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A3B84BFFE3FFFCFF15B609FCE57584	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Serguei V. Triapitsyn	Serguei V. Triapitsyn (2017): Revision of Alaptus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in the Holarctic region, with taxonomic notes on some extralimital species. Zootaxa 4279 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4279.1.1
03A3B84BFFEAFFF8FF15B0C5FDE57384.text	03A3B84BFFEAFFF8FF15B0C5FDE57384.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alaptus terebrans (Enock Ms.) Kryger 1950	<div><p>Alaptus terebrans Kryger, 1950, stat. rev.</p><p>(Figs 167–179)</p><p>Alaptus fusculus Westwood [as (Haliday) Walker)]: Bakkendorf 1934: 17 –18 (host, illustration: misidentification), 131–132 (host).</p><p>Alaptus terebrans Kryger 1950: 33 [as A. terebrans Förster], 36 [as A. terebrans Enock]. Type locality: St. Neots, Cambridgeshire Co., England, UK. Resurrected as a valid species from the previous synonymy under A. extremus Soyka by Hincks 1959: 145. Stat. rev.</p><p>Alaptus extremus Soyka:?Debauche 1948: 55 –56 (list, key); Hincks 1959: 144 (illustration), 145 (type information, comment);? Trjapitzin 1978: 523 (key, distribution).</p><p>Type material examined. Lectotype female [MMUE], inadvertently designated, according to Article 74.5 (ICZN 1999), by Hincks (1959: 145) by writing that “The above specimen is the type of A. terebrans (Enock Ms.) Kryger …”, on slide (Figs 168, 169) labeled: 1. “ FRED c ENOCK PREPARER Alaptus terebrans Type ♀ ”; 2. [partially obscured by the red holotype label] “= Alaptus extremus W. D. Hincks X.1957 ”; 3. [red] “ Manchester Museum HOLOTYPE ”; 4. “N o26882 5th sp. St. Neots July 25/12 ”; 5. [on the underside] “ Alaptus fusculus Walk + Britten 1946”; 6. [a circle on the underside] “74”; 7. [F. Enock's number scratched on the glass on the underside] “26882”. The lectotype (Fig. 171) is in good condition, perfectly positioned dorsoventrally but not cleared, complete; the slide is kept in an envelope (Fig. 167).</p><p>Material examined. DENMARK: HOVEDSTADEN, Gladsakse Kommune, Kobberdammene [Forest] (near Skovbrynet), collected 28.iii.1926, emerged 12.vi.1926, O. Bakkendorf (from psocid eggs on branches of Alnus glutinosa) [1 ♀, ZMUC] (misidentified by O. Bakkendorf as A. fusculus). FINLAND: SOUTHERN SAVONIA: Hirvensalmi, 31.vii.1983, M. Koponen [1 ♀, FMNH]. Mikkeli, M. Koponen: 31.vii.1983 [1 ♀, FMNH]; 2.viii.1983 [1 ♀, FMNH]. Pieksänmaa, Sorsasalo, 21.vii–17.viii.2001, P. Martikainen (on aspen) [1 ♀, FMNH]. Ristiina, 4.ix.1982, M. Koponen [1 ♀, FMNH]. TAVASTIA PROPER, Loppi, 1.viii.1992, M. Koponen [2 ♀, FMNH]. UUSIMAA: Helsinki, 2.x.1985, M. Koponen [1 ♀, FMNH]. Nurmijärvi, M. Koponen: 5.viii.1986 [1 ♀, 2 ♂, FMNH]; 8.viii.1986 [3 ♀, FMNH]; Ruostesuo, 9.viii.1992 [1 ♀, FMNH]; 13.viii.1994 [2 ♀, FMNH]; 12.viii.1995 [21 ♀, FMNH]; 14.viii.1995 [3 ♀, FMNH]; 15.viii.1995 [15 ♀, FMNH]. GEORGIA: ADJARA, Batumi, Kakhaberi, Gruzbiolaboratoriya (Georgian Biological Control Laboratory), 21.viii.1953, I.A. Baranovskaya (emerged from fig twigs infested with Liparthrum colchicum Semenov ( Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)) [1 ♀, ZIN]. RUSSIA: KRASNODARSKIY KRAY, Krasnodar, All-Russian Research Institute of Biological Plant Protection, 23.vii.2002, V.V. Kostjukov [1 ♂, UCRC]. MOSKOVSKAYA OBLAST’: Noginskiy rayon, Fryazevo, M.E. Tretiakov: 24.vii.2000 [1 ♀, UCRC]; 25.vii.2000 [1 ♂, UCRC]; 26.vii–14.viii.2000 [4 ♀, 2 ♂, UCRC, ZIN]; 15–25.viii.2000 [1 ♀, 2 ♂, UCRC, ZIN]; 14.vii.2002 [1 ♀, UCRC]; 1.viii.2002 [2 ♀, UCRC]. Pushkinskiy rayon, Pushkino, Mamontovka, E.Ya. Shuvakhina: 20–31.vii.2000 [7 ♀, 17 ♂, UCRC, ZIN]; 1– 10.viii.2000 [2 ♀, 5 ♂, UCRC]; 10–20.viii.2000 [2 ♀, 4 ♂, UCRC]; 6–26.vi.2001 [1 ♀, 2 ♂, UCRC]. USA: FLORIDA: Sarasota Co., Oscar Scherer State Park, 27–29.v.1978, N.F. Johnson [1 ♀, CNC]. Wakulla Co., Apalachicola National Forest, 30°19.751’N 84°30.309’W, 13–20.vi.2005, F. Ronquist laboratory personnel [1 ♀, UCRC]. MICHIGAN, Clinton Co., Bath Charter Township, near Stoll Rd. and Rose Lake, 42°47’55.5’’N 84°22’50.8’’W, 259 m, T. Petrice (in canopy of Robinia pseudoacacia): 15.ix.2015 [1 ♀, UCRC]; 8.ix.2016 [1 ♀, UCRC]. NEW YORK, Onondaga Co., Jamesville, Henneberry Rd., 42°55’00’’N 76°00’23’’W, 11–15.vii.2001, M. Wuenschel [1 ♀, UCRC]. TENNESSEE, Sevier Co., Gatlinburg, Owenby Hills, 35°44’09’’N 83°27’34’’W, 522 m, 6–26.vii.2014, A.J. Mayor [1 ♀, UCRC].</p><p>Redescription. FEMALE (lectotype). Body dark brown except mesosoma brown; appendages light brown to brown.</p><p>Antenna (Fig. 170) about as long as body; F1 as long as pedicel and F5, F2 the longest funicle segment and about 4× as long as wide, F3 shorter than F2 and slightly longer than F4, F5 the widest funicle segment; clava 3.7× as long as wide, with 4 mps, almost as long as combined length of F3–F5.</p><p>Fore wing (Fig. 172) 8.5× as long as wide; disc slightly infumate and with a complete row of 17 setae closer to anterior margin besides the admarginal rows and 2 additional setae in the widest part just behind it; longest marginal seta 3.7× maximum wing width. Hind wing (Fig. 172) about 17× as long as wide; disc strongly infumate, with 1 complete row of setae a little closer to posterior margin; longest marginal seta 7.2× maximum wing width.</p><p>Ovipositor (Fig. 171) shorter than body, markedly exserted beyond apex of gaster (by 0.33× its own total length), occupying its entire length, and 2.2× length of metatibia.</p><p>Measurements of the lectotype (µm). Body 470; head 94; mesosoma 180; gaster 224; ovipositor 379. Antenna: scape (including radicle) 51; pedicel 42; F1 42; F2 56; F3 48; F4 45; F5 42; clava 133. Fore wing 570:67; longest marginal seta 248. Hind wing 552:32; longest marginal seta 230.</p><p>Variation. Non-type specimens from Europe: body length of air-dried specimens from Finland 400–460 µm, of critical point dried specimens from Moskovskaya oblast’ of Russia (Fig. 173) 460–550 µm, and of slide-mounted specimens from Moskovskaya oblast’ 600–680 µm; ovipositor length 373–463 µm; antenna (Fig. 175) with scape (including radicle) 2.8–3.2× as long as wide, F2 4.0–5.0× as long as wide and clava 3.6–4.0× as long as wide; fore wing (Fig. 176) 8.1–9.0× as long as wide, with 15–20 setae in a complete row and 2–7 additional setae in the widest part just behind it; ovipositor (Fig. 174) shorter than body, 2.2–2.6× length of metatibia, exserted beyond gastral apex by 0.28–0.35× its own total length. Non-type specimens from the USA (only tentatively identified as A. terebrans as they have a relatively longer ovipositor; otherwise, they could rather belong to A. klonx if its ovipositor length can vary that much): body length of the dry-mounted specimen from Tennessee prior to slidemounting 495 µm, and that of other, slide-mounted specimens 550–580 µm; ovipositor length 482–533 µm; scape (including radicle) 2.9–3.3× as long as wide, F2 4.5–5.0× as long as wide, clava 3.6–3.8× as long as wide, as long as combined length of F4, F5, and about half length of F3 or a little more; fore wing 7.8–8.7× as long as wide, with 15–17 setae in a complete row and 0 or 1 additional setae in the widest part just behind it, longest marginal seta 3.0–3.3× maximum wing width; hind wing 15–17× as long as wide; ovipositor a little shorter than body, 2.8–3.0× length of metatibia, exserted beyond gastral apex by 0.32–0.35× its own total length.</p><p>Description. MALE (non-type specimens from Russia). Body length of critical point dried specimens about 430 µm and of slide-mounted specimens 600–650 µm. Similar to female except for normal sexually dimorphic features of antenna and genitalia and the following. Head dark brown to black, rest of body brown to dark brown. Antenna (Fig. 177) with scape 2.7–3.3× as long as wide, Fl slightly longer than pedicel and the shortest flagellar segment, F2 usually at least a little longer than scape but sometimes about as long as scape; fore wing (Fig. 178) 7.4–8.8× as long as wide (length 600–650 µm), with 2–10 additional setae in the widest part of disc just behind the complete row of setae. Genitalia (Fig. 179) length 58–75 µm.</p><p>Diagnosis. Alaptus terebrans is similar to A. fusculus in most aspects, from which it differs by a much longer ovipositor, which is strongly exserted beyond the gastral apex (by 0.28–0.35× its own total length, the ovipositor is 2.2–2.6× as long as metatibia in the European specimens) whereas in A. fusculus the ovipositor is at most a little exserted beyond the gastral apex (by at most 0.17× its own length, the ovipositor is at most 1.8× as long as metatibia). The ovipositor in A. terebrans is at least 370 µm long whereas in A. fusculus including all its synonyms it is at most 320 µm long. Also, both sexes of A. terebrans, at least in Europe, almost always have several additional setae in the widest part of the fore wing disc just below the complete row of setae that A. fusculus almost always lacks, at least in females (males of A. fusculus very rarely may have just one additional seta).</p><p>Distribution. Nearctic: USA * (tentative, see above); Palaearctic: Denmark (Bakkendorf 1934 [as A. fusculus]; Kryger 1950), Finland *, Georgia *, Russia *, and UK (England).</p><p>Hosts. Unknown. Bakkendorf (1934) reared it in Denmark from psocid eggs deposited as dark crusts on branches of Alnus glutinosa .</p><p>Comments. Having examined many slide-mounted specimens of both A. fusculus and A. terebrans, I have had more or less no problem separating their males in Europe based on body size and fore wing length and chaetotaxy: the latter species definitely has relatively more numerous setae on the disc, particularly having a few additional setae behind the complete row of setae.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A3B84BFFEAFFF8FF15B0C5FDE57384	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Serguei V. Triapitsyn	Serguei V. Triapitsyn (2017): Revision of Alaptus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in the Holarctic region, with taxonomic notes on some extralimital species. Zootaxa 4279 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4279.1.1
03A3B84BFFF6FFE7FF15B4D1FE3B75FE.text	03A3B84BFFF6FFE7FF15B4D1FE3B75FE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alaptus (Hal.) Westwood 1839	<div><p>Alaptus sp. near pallidicornis Foerster, 1856</p><p>(Figs 180–182)</p><p>Material examined. GREECE: CENTRAL MACEDONIA, Lake Kerkini: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=23.217001&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.13767" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 23.217001/lat 41.13767)">Ecotourism</a> site, 41°08’15.6’’N 23°13’01.2’’E, 65 m, G. Ramel: 23–29.v.2006 [1 ♀, UCRC] ; 30.v–5.vi.2006 [2 ♀, UCRC]. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=23.084501&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.225777" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 23.084501/lat 41.225777)">Kerkini Marsh</a>, 41°13’32.8’’N 23°05’04.2’’E, 45 m, 21–27.iii.2007, G. Ramel [1 ♀, UCRC] .</p><p>Descriptive notes. FEMALE. Body length 383–412 µm. Head brown, mesosoma pale yellow except pronotum brownish, appendages and gaster pale (Fig. 180). Antenna (Fig. 181) about as long as body; scape (including radicle) 3.7–3.8× as long as wide, smooth; F1 a little shorter than pedicel, F2 the longest funicle segment and about 4.5× as long as wide, F3 almost as long as F1 and slightly shorter than F4, F5 the shortest and widest funicle segment; clava 3.8–3.9× as long as wide, apparently with 4 mps, a little longer than combined length of F3– F5. Mesosoma (Fig. 180) about as long as wide. Fore wing (Fig. 182) 9.2–9.8× as long as wide; disc almost hyaline and bare besides the admarginal rows; longest marginal seta 3.5–3.8× maximum wing width. Hind wing 14–16× as long as wide; disc more strongly infumate (more so basally), with 1 row of setae closer to posterior margin; longest marginal seta about 5.8× maximum wing width. Gaster just a little longer than mesosoma; ovipositor exserted slightly beyond apex of gaster, occupying about 0.7× its length, and 1.0–1.1× length of metatibia.</p><p>MALE. Unknown.</p><p>Diagnosis. Alaptus sp. is very similar to A. pallidicornis in lacking setae on the fore wing disc with the exception of the admarginal setal rows, from which it differs only in having a pale yellow mesosoma (except for the pronotum) and a pale gaster (Fig. 180). I am reluctant to describe it as a new taxon, however, based solely on color.</p><p>Hosts. Unknown.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A3B84BFFF6FFE7FF15B4D1FE3B75FE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Serguei V. Triapitsyn	Serguei V. Triapitsyn (2017): Revision of Alaptus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in the Holarctic region, with taxonomic notes on some extralimital species. Zootaxa 4279 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4279.1.1
03A3B84BFFF7FFE5FF15B516FD3674B4.text	03A3B84BFFF7FFE5FF15B516FD3674B4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alaptus andersoni Ferr. Ch. Ferriere 1930	<div><p>Alaptus andersoni Ferrière, 1930</p><p>(Figs 183, 184)</p><p>Alaptus andersoni Ferrière 1930: 41 –42. Type locality: Kabete, Kiambu Co., Kenya. Alaptus andersoni Ferrière: Ghesquière 1939: 35 (compared with A. nowickii); Soyka 1939b: 31 (list); Debauche 1949: 10 (key), 13–14 (redescription).</p><p>Type material examined. Lectotype female [BMNH], here designated to avoid any possible confusion about the identity of this species, on slide (Fig. 183) labeled: 1. “Kenya Colony. 3. [most likely, illegible] vii.1917. T. J. Anderson.”; 2. “Reared from eggs, coffee leaf”; 3. “ Mymaridae: Alaptus andersoni sp. n. Ch. Ferriere det.”. The lectotype (Fig. 184) is mounted dorsoventrally under the same coverslip with a female paralectotype; it is in poor condition (shriveled), with flagellum of one antenna and one leg detached. Paralectotypes: the aforementioned female [BMNH] on the lectotype slide (in poor condition, shriveled; detached are both flagella), and also 1 female [BMNH] on point labeled: 1. “Kenya Colony, Kabete, - VII-1917, T. J. Anderson.”; 2. “Reared from eggs coffee leaf”; 3. [yellow circle] “Co-type”; 4. “ Alaptus andersoni sp. n. Ch. Ferriere det” (shriveled, possibly lacking antennae).</p><p>Distribution. Afrotropical: Kenya.</p><p>Host. Reared from eggs of unidentified Psocoptera on a coffee leaf (Ferrière 1930). On a separate pin in the BMNH, I found a fragment of a leaf with numerous psocid eggs with exit holes made by the emerged parasitoids (including one badly shriveled non-type A. andersoni stuck to the leaf), with the following labels: 1. “Eggs coffee leaf from which small parasites bred”; 2. “Kenya Colony, Kabete, - VII-1917, T. J. Anderson.”; 3. “Eggs of Psocidae with Alaptus andersoni Ferr. Ch. Ferriere det”.</p><p>Comments. This species was described from three syntype females (Ferrière 1930). Body of the dry-mounted paralectotype is brown to dark brown although the mesosoma of the slide-mounted lectotype is contrastingly lighter (light brown) than the head and metasoma (brown). Alaptus nowickii Ghesquière, which was also reared in tropical Africa from psocid eggs on coffee leaves, has a row of 1 to 6 setae in a median, incomplete row on the fore wing disc. The body length of the lectotype (Fig. 184) is 324 µm, in which the clava is 3.5× as long as wide, and the ovipositor is about 0.8× length of metatibia.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A3B84BFFF7FFE5FF15B516FD3674B4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Serguei V. Triapitsyn	Serguei V. Triapitsyn (2017): Revision of Alaptus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in the Holarctic region, with taxonomic notes on some extralimital species. Zootaxa 4279 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4279.1.1
03A3B84BFFF4FFE4FF15B745FB9A73F8.text	03A3B84BFFF4FFE4FF15B745FB9A73F8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alaptus australiensis Girault 1912	<div><p>Alaptus australiensis Girault, 1912, stat. n.</p><p>Alaptus globosicornis variety australiensis Girault 1912: 123 –125, 126 (key). Type locality: Gordonvale [as Nelson in the original description], Queensland, Australia. Holotype female [QMBA] (not examined).</p><p>Alaptus globosicornis australiensis Girault: Lin et al. 2007: 21 (list).</p><p>Distribution. Australasian: Australia (Queensland).</p><p>Hosts. Unknown.</p><p>Comments. This variety is upgraded herein to the species rank at least until the Australasian and Oriental species of Alaptus are thoroughly revised based on well-mounted specimens; the descriptive remarks by Girault (1912) provide some color and female antennal funicle differences which, although perhaps minor, may be indicative that these Australian specimens are likely not conspecific with those A. globosicornis from North America and the Hawaiian Islands, at least. Northern Queensland has some elements of the Oriental fauna and thus this species needs to be compared with the similar taxa described later from India.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A3B84BFFF4FFE4FF15B745FB9A73F8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Serguei V. Triapitsyn	Serguei V. Triapitsyn (2017): Revision of Alaptus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in the Holarctic region, with taxonomic notes on some extralimital species. Zootaxa 4279 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4279.1.1
03A3B84BFFF5FFE3FF15B18EFC8B712D.text	03A3B84BFFF5FFE3FF15B18EFC8B712D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alaptus minutus Dozier 1932	<div><p>Alaptus minutus Dozier, 1932</p><p>(Figs 185–189)</p><p>Alaptus minutus Dozier 1932: 89 –90. Type locality: Port-au-Prince, Haiti.</p><p>Alaptus minutus Dozier: De Santis 1979: 362 (catalog); Yoshimoto 1990: 23 (list).</p><p>Type material examined. Holotype male [USNM] on slide (Fig. 187) labeled: 1. “ Alaptus minutus Dozier ♂ Reared from lime foliage infested with Parlatoria zizyphus etc. Port-au-Prince, Haiti. June 18, 1931 H. L. Dozier”; 2. [red] “ Alaptus minutus Dozier ♂ Type No. 69494 U.S.N.M.”; 3. [barcode] “USNMENT 01049024”. The holotype (Fig. 185) is uncleared, complete, mounted dorsoventrally.</p><p>Distribution. Neotropical:? Argentina * and Haiti.</p><p>Hosts. Unknown.</p><p>Comments. The body length of the holotype (Fig. 185) is 291 µm, not 215 µm as it was incorrectly indicated by Dozier (1932). Its other important features are as follows: antenna (Fig. 188) with F1 much shorter than pedicel and a little shorter than the following flagellomeres; midlobe of mesoscutum faintly transversely striate, without adnotaular setae; axillar seta (Fig. 186) extremely long (90 µm), extending beyond posterior margin of propodeum; fore wing (Figs 185, 189) 9.6× as long as wide, disc with a median row of 7 setae on one wing and 10 setae on the other wing, longest marginal seta 4.6× maximum wing width, the macrochaeta on the marginal vein very long (90 µm). This Neotropical species is without any doubt a good taxon but a conspecific female from Haiti is needed to provide its proper diagnosis. However, I have identified the following two rather poorly slide-mounted females as very likely to be A. minutus: ARGENTINA: MISIONES: Loreto, 14.ii. 1 949, [A.A. Ogloblin] [1 ♀, MLPA] . San Ignacio, Chacra Yabebirí, 3.iv.1931, A.A. Ogloblin [1 ♀, MLPA]. They are characterized by the following morphological features: body length 240 µm and 270 µm; antenna shorter than body, with rather short funicle segments (all at least a little longer than wide, F1 the shortest and F2 shorter than following funicle segments), mesosoma notably lighter than head and gaster; fore wing about 10× as long as wide, disc with a median row of about 11 setae, and macrochaeta on marginal vein very long.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A3B84BFFF5FFE3FF15B18EFC8B712D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Serguei V. Triapitsyn	Serguei V. Triapitsyn (2017): Revision of Alaptus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in the Holarctic region, with taxonomic notes on some extralimital species. Zootaxa 4279 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4279.1.1
03A3B84BFFF2FFE3FF15B3FDFE5575BB.text	03A3B84BFFF2FFE3FF15B3FDFE5575BB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alaptus nowickii Ghesquiere 1939	<div><p>Alaptus nowickii Ghesquière, 1939</p><p>(Figs 190–193)</p><p>Alaptus nowickii Ghesquière 1939: 33 –36. Type locality: Rutshuru, Rutshuru Territory, North Kivu Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo.</p><p>Alaptus nowickii Ghesquière: Debauche 1949: 10 (key), 14–15 (redescription).</p><p>Material examined. DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO: ORIENTALE PROVINCE: Yakusu, Sentier Forêt, 18.viii.1951 [2 ♀, ISNB] . Tshopo District, Isangi Territory, Yangambi: 14.viii.1951 (from male flowers of oil palm, Elaeis sp.) [3 ♀, ISNB] ; 16.viii.1951 (from male flowers of oil palm, Elaeis sp.) [5 ♀, ISNB]. Yaosuka (a village), Isalowe River, 16.viii.1951 [2 ♀, ISNB] .</p><p>Distribution. Afrotropical: Democratic Republic of the Congo.</p><p>Host. A parasitoid of Trichopsocus sp. ( Trichopsocidae) whose eggs are laid in groups on the underside of coffee leaves (Ghesquière 1939).</p><p>Comments. Alaptus nowickii was described and well illustrated from a series of the female holotype, 9 female paratypes and 1 male allotype (deposited in RMCA, not examined) collected in May 1938 by J. Ghesquière in the coffee plantations in Rutshuru, then Belgian Congo (Ghesquière 1939). The examined non-type specimens from the Democratic Republic of the Congo match its original description quite well. These slide-mounted females (Fig. 190), whose body length is 303–345 µm, are characterized by the following features: body, pedicel and flagellum of antenna brownish, scape and legs mostly yellowish; antenna (Figs 191, 193) with pedicel longer than any funicle segment (all funicle segments short but slightly longer than wide except sometimes F1 subquadrate), clava about as long as combined length of F2–F5 but sometimes of F1–F5, fore wing (Fig. 192) with 1–6 (but possibly as many as 8) setae in an incomplete median row (besides admarginal rows of microtrichia), about 9.2× as long as wide, and with its longest marginal seta about 4.8× maximum wing width; ovipositor 1.0–1.1× as long as metatibia, not exserted beyond apex of gaster. It is important to note that F2 of the male antenna of A. nowickii is a little longer than F1, as described and illustrated by Ghesquière (1939), so it cannot possibly be conspecific with A. iceryae or its proposed synonym A. priesneri in which F2 of the male antenna is notably shorter than F1. The fore wing of A. nowickii is narrower than that of A. andersoni, which is 7.5× as long as wide in the lectotype, and the latter species also has a relatively shorter marginal setae on the fore wing (3.2× maximum wing width in the lectotype) and just 1 seta in the middle of the disc.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A3B84BFFF2FFE3FF15B3FDFE5575BB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Serguei V. Triapitsyn	Serguei V. Triapitsyn (2017): Revision of Alaptus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in the Holarctic region, with taxonomic notes on some extralimital species. Zootaxa 4279 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4279.1.1
03A3B84BFFF3FFE2FF15B538FB7875A5.text	03A3B84BFFF3FFE2FF15B538FB7875A5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alaptus pusillus Girault 1938	<div><p>Alaptus pusillus Girault, 1938</p><p>Alaptus pusillus Girault (as “ Girauld”) 1938: 395. Type locality: Canterbury, Victoria, Australia (type status not indicated). Alaptus pusillus Girault: Dahms 1986: 451 (effective lectotype designation, 1 female in QMBA [not examined]); Lin et al. 2007: 21 (list).</p><p>Type material examined. Paralectotype female [BMNH], here designated to clarify the status of the original syntype specimens, on slide labeled: 1. “ Victoria: Melbourne Canterbury; on windows in out-buildings, B. Blackbourn coll. A. A. Girault det. B.M. 1932-280”; 2. HYMENOPTERA Fam. 25 Mymaridae Alaptus pusillus ♀ Girault nov. Fairy-fly 166”.</p><p>Material examined. AUSTRALIA: VICTORIA, Melbourne [1 ♂, BMNH].</p><p>Distribution. Australasian: Australia (Victoria).</p><p>Hosts. Unknown.</p><p>Comments. Girault (1938) did not specify either sex or type material of this species. Dahms (1986), who was not aware of another female syntype of this species in the BMNH, effectively designated a lectotype by calling the female in the QMBA a holotype (ICZN 1999, Article 74.6).</p><p>In the paralectotype female, F1 is short and one of the fore wings has 1 basal seta on the disc but the other lacks one. The species seems to be similar but yet different from both A. pallidicornis and A. schmitzi .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A3B84BFFF3FFE2FF15B538FB7875A5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Serguei V. Triapitsyn	Serguei V. Triapitsyn (2017): Revision of Alaptus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in the Holarctic region, with taxonomic notes on some extralimital species. Zootaxa 4279 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4279.1.1
03A3B84BFFF0FFE0FF15B0C5FC9E7330.text	03A3B84BFFF0FFE0FF15B0C5FC9E7330.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alaptus pygidialis Ogloblin 1959	<div><p>Alaptus pygidialis Ogloblin, 1959</p><p>(Figs 194–196)</p><p>Alaptus pygidialis Ogloblin 1959: 43 (illustrations), 44–46. Type locality: San Mateo, Esmeraldas (misspelled as “ Esmeralfa ” in the original description), Ecuador.</p><p>Alaptus pygidialis Ogloblin: De Santis 1979: 362 (catalog); Yoshimoto 1990: 24 (list).</p><p>Type material examined. Holotype female [MLPA] on slide (Fig. 194) labeled: 1. “ Alaptus pygidialis A. Ogl. 1959 ♀ Holotypus. Rep. Ecuador, Esme-raldas, Part. San Mateo, 19.VI.1956. Juan Förster Leg. ”; 2. “ Mittelungen der Münchner Entomolo-gischen Gessel-schaft. E . V. 49 Jahrg. 1959 p44-6”; 3. [MLPA type number] “3948/1”. Note that the published collection date in the original description (“5 de julio 1956 ”, p. 44) does not match the one on the holotype slide, but such inconsistencies were quite common in A.A. Ogloblin’s publications (Triapitsyn et al. 2010).</p><p>Distribution. Neotropical: Ecuador.</p><p>Hosts. Unknown.</p><p>Comments. Illustrated here are, to facilitate recognition of this taxon, habitus of the holotype of A. pygidialis (Fig. 195) and also its antenna (Fig. 196). This species has the fore wing with a row of 6 or 7 setae on the disc closer to its anterior margin and a rather short ovipositor.</p><p>While visiting MLPA in April 2017, I sorted A.A. Ogloblin’s specimens of Alaptus to morphospecies; among them were at least two undesribed species from Misiones, Argentina, habitus of which is more or less similar to that of A. pygidialis, which itself could occur there as well.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A3B84BFFF0FFE0FF15B0C5FC9E7330	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Serguei V. Triapitsyn	Serguei V. Triapitsyn (2017): Revision of Alaptus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in the Holarctic region, with taxonomic notes on some extralimital species. Zootaxa 4279 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4279.1.1
