taxonID	type	description	language	source
03A3662AFFCD042A42A846CA66DAFDA3.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — CHINA. Sichuan: Dêgê, Chola Shan, alt. 3200 m, 31.82 ° N, 98.58 ° E, 14 September 2017, Zhang 2379 (holotype PE!). Plants tightly cespitose, not rhizomatous, basal branching extravaginal. Culms erect, glabrous, 40 – 80 cm tall, 0.5 – 1.3 mm diam., with approx. 3 nodes. Leaves basal, except in the flowering culms; leaf sheaths glabrous, shorter than the internodes; ligules 0.1 – 0.9 mm long, truncate, often toothed; leaf blades 8 – 23 cm × 0.3 – 3 mm, filiform, flat or folded. Panicles 7 – 11 × ca. 1 cm, loosely contracted, narrowly oblong or linear; branches 2 to 4 per node, suberect or slightly spreading, up to 4 cm long. Spikelets 5.5 – 7 mm long, yellowish - brown or purple and hyaline towards the apex; glumes subequal or the lower glume slightly longer than the upper glume by 1 mm, lanceolate, 3 - veined, apex acute to acuminate; floret fusiform; lemma 2.8 – 3.2 mm long, evenly pubescent on the back, hairs ca. 0.6 mm at the apex and ca. 0.5 mm long below, apex with two lobes ca. 0.1 mm long; awn 0.9 – 1.5 cm long, persistent, 1 - or inconspicuously 2 - geniculate, scabrid, column twisted; callus ca. 0.3 mm long, subacute; palea slightly shorter than the lemma; anthers three, 1.5 – 1.8 mm long, bearded at the apex. Caryopsis 2.5 – 3 mm long, obovate, distal portion slightly exposed between gaping lemma and palea or concealed by floret at maturity.	en	Zhang, Zhong-Shuai, Jiang, Shan-Wen, Chen, Wen-Li (2018): Achnatherum pilosum (Stipeae, Poaceae), a new species from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Phytotaxa 350 (1): 86-92, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.350.1.10, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.350.1.10
03A3662AFFCD042A42A846CA66DAFDA3.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The specific epithet ‘ pilosum’, from the Latin word ‘ pilus’ (Clifford & Bostock 2007), refers to the anthers bearded at the apex. Chinese name: ḂIȐȐḍ.	en	Zhang, Zhong-Shuai, Jiang, Shan-Wen, Chen, Wen-Li (2018): Achnatherum pilosum (Stipeae, Poaceae), a new species from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Phytotaxa 350 (1): 86-92, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.350.1.10, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.350.1.10
03A3662AFFCD042A42A846CA66DAFDA3.taxon	discussion	Comments: — The new species was included in Achnatherum because of the fusiform spikelets (Fig. 1 C – D, 2 D); subacute calluses; lemmas with non - overlapping margins (Fig. 1 F, G); and awns persistent, twisted, 1 - or inconspicuously 2 - geniculate (Fig. 1 D, 2 D, I), which are the diagnostic features of this genus (Romaschenko et al. 2012, Kellogg 2015). In addition, its placement in Achnatherum is also supported by the maize - like lemma epidermal pattern (Fig. 2 S) and chromosome number 2 n = 24 (Fig. 2 T) (Romaschenko et al. 2012, Kellogg 2015). Achnatherum pilosum is morphologically similar to A. inaequiglume, A. inebrians, A. psilantherum, and A. saposhnikovii, which have truncate ligules, contracted panicles (Fig 2 C), lemmas similar in length (2.5 – 4.5 mm long; Fig 2 D – M), and calluses 2 – 3 mm long, bearded (Fig 2 I – M) (Hooker 1896, Bor 1960, Tzvelev 1976, Freitag 1985, Noltie & Garden 2000, Wu & Phillips 2006). Achnatherum inaequiglume and A. saposhnikovii differ from A. pilosum due to their straight, not twisted awns, and anthers glabrous at the apex (Fig. 2 E, J, O and H, M, R respectively), whereas the new species presents 1 (– 2) - geniculate, twisted awns, and anthers bearded at the apex (Fig. 2 D, I, N). The former presents unequal glumes (Fig. 2 E), long awns (1.5 – 2 cm long) and long hairs (3 – 4 mm long) at the apex of the lemma (Fig. 2 E, J), whereas the second presents subequal glumes (Fig. 2 H), short awns (0.4 cm long) and lemmas evenly pubescent (Fig. 2 H, M). The new species differs from A. inebrians by the loosely contracted panicles (Fig. 2 C), short lemmas (2.8 – 3.1 mm long), shorter hairs at the apex of the lemmas (ca. 0.6 mm long), long awns (0.9 – 1.5 cm long) and shorter anthers (1.5 – 1.8 mm long). The new species differs from A. psilantherum by its short glumes (5.5 – 7 mm long), lemmas (2.8 – 3.1 mm long), awns (0.9 – 1.5 cm long), and short anthers (1.5 – 1.8 mm long) with a cluster of beard at the apex (Fig. 2 N). Morphological differences among A. pilosum and relatives are summarized in Table 1.	en	Zhang, Zhong-Shuai, Jiang, Shan-Wen, Chen, Wen-Li (2018): Achnatherum pilosum (Stipeae, Poaceae), a new species from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Phytotaxa 350 (1): 86-92, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.350.1.10, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.350.1.10
03A3662AFFCD042A42A846CA66DAFDA3.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat: — Achnatherum pilosum grows in forest fringes, grassy mountain slopes and wet river banks (Fig. 2 A – B). It is endemic to China, restricted to Sichuan and Qinghai provinces (Fig. 3). Achnatherum inebrians is widely distributed in Qinghai - Tibet plateau and central Asia (Tzvelev 1976, Wu & Phillips 2006). Achnatherum inaequiglume and A. psilantherum occur in the northeast and adjacent areas of Qinghai-Tibet plateau and their distribution area do not overlap with that of the new species (Tzvelev 1976, Wu & Phillips 2006). Achnatherum saposhnikovii is distributed in central Asia, which is also geographically isolated from the new species (Tzvelev 1976, Wu & Phillips 2006). Lemma epidermal pattern: — Achnatherum pilosum presents a MLP, typical of Achnatherum s. s. (Romaschenko et al. 2012). The FC are thin - walled, approximately equal in length and width to significantly shorter than wide (Fig. 2 S). The FC are square - round, or longitudinally compressed (Fig. 2 S). Oval silica bodies regularly alternate with FC (Fig. 2 S). Lemma surface resembles the surface of a fruiting inflorescence of maize (Fig. 2 S). Cork cells are absent. Macrohairs are present (Fig. 2 S). Cytology: — The diploid chromosome number of Achnatherum pilosum is 2 n = 24 (Fig. 2 T), as well as that of A. calamagrostis (Linnaeus 1759: 872) Palisot de Beauvois (1812: 146), type species of Achnatherum, and most species of Achnatherum s. s. (Tzvelev 1976, Martinovský 1980, Vázquez & Devesa 1996, Romaschenko et al. 2012). Additional specimens examined (paratypes): — CHINA. Qinghai: Nangqên, 3650 m, 32.32 ° N, 96.47 ° E, 4 September 1996, Ho, et al. 2898 (PE!); Chindu xian, 3700 m, 32.98 ° N, 97.35 ° E, 15 August 1996, Ho, et al. 1828 (PE!).	en	Zhang, Zhong-Shuai, Jiang, Shan-Wen, Chen, Wen-Li (2018): Achnatherum pilosum (Stipeae, Poaceae), a new species from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Phytotaxa 350 (1): 86-92, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.350.1.10, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.350.1.10
