taxonID	type	description	language	source
03A087FEFFAFAE67AEDF64D3F9FDFB50.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Myxia belinda sp. n. by monotypy and current designation.	en	Bahder, Brian W., Bartlett, Charles R., Barrantes Barrantes, Edwin A., Zumbado Echavarria, Marco A., Humphries, Alessandra R., Helmick, Ericka E., Goss, Erica M., Ascunce, Marina S. (2019): A new genus and species of cixiid planthopper (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoroidea) from the Reserva Privada el Silencio de Los Angeles Cloud Forest in Costa Rica. Zootaxa 4701 (1): 65-81, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4701.1.5
03A087FEFFAFAE67AEDF64D3F9FDFB50.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Myxia gen. n. possesses lateral pronotal carinae terminating on the ventral margin of the prothorax, a character shared with Myndus but lacks the denticle of the forecoxae (Fig. 2), a feature shared with Haplaxius. Tegulae evident and tibiae of hind legs lack spines (tribal feature of Oecleini). The genus Myxia gen. n. can be diagnosed from Haplaxius and Myndus by the overall form of the gonostyli. In Myxia gen. n., the gonostyli appear distally bifid, possessing a dorsal process near the terminus of each gonostylus in lateral view pointing dorsad and in ventral view, and a lateral tooth on the inner margin with an acute apex. In addition, medioventral process of pygofer is subtriangular. Phallobase separated from aedeagus.	en	Bahder, Brian W., Bartlett, Charles R., Barrantes Barrantes, Edwin A., Zumbado Echavarria, Marco A., Humphries, Alessandra R., Helmick, Ericka E., Goss, Erica M., Ascunce, Marina S. (2019): A new genus and species of cixiid planthopper (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoroidea) from the Reserva Privada el Silencio de Los Angeles Cloud Forest in Costa Rica. Zootaxa 4701 (1): 65-81, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4701.1.5
03A087FEFFAFAE67AEDF64D3F9FDFB50.taxon	description	Description (Figures 4 – 9). Head much narrower than pronotum, weakly projecting in front of eyes. Vertex much wider than long, approximately quadrate, lateral margins foliate, disk concave, median carina weak posteriorly, obsolete anteriorly. Fastigium rounded, frons approximately triangular, widening to frontoclypeal suture, median carinae present. Clypeus inversely triangular, narrowed to labrum. Pronotum very narrow, tricarinate, carinae reaching posterior margin; paradiscal region nearly exceeding antennae. Mesonotum broad and longer than vertex + pronotum, tricarinate; scutum and scutellum distinctly separated by inflection. Tegulae evident, without carinae. Coxae of front leg without ventral denticles. Fore femora lacking denticle. Tibiae of hind legs lacking spines. Wings transparent, macropterous, well-exceeding apex of abdomen. Abdomen weakly compressed. Pygofer in lateral view roughly triangular, widest ventrally; ventral margin of pygofer opening bearing elongate subtriangular projection. Gonostyli elongate, distally bearing apical and subapical tooth (at least in type species), giving a broadly bifid appearance. Anal tube broad, distally enlarged, relatively short (sensu Kramer 1979); anal column elongate. Aedeagus simple bearing small apical flagellum, phallobase surrounding aedeagal base and projecting caudally to subtend aedeagus, bearing multiple elongate projections.	en	Bahder, Brian W., Bartlett, Charles R., Barrantes Barrantes, Edwin A., Zumbado Echavarria, Marco A., Humphries, Alessandra R., Helmick, Ericka E., Goss, Erica M., Ascunce, Marina S. (2019): A new genus and species of cixiid planthopper (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoroidea) from the Reserva Privada el Silencio de Los Angeles Cloud Forest in Costa Rica. Zootaxa 4701 (1): 65-81, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4701.1.5
03A087FEFFAFAE67AEDF64D3F9FDFB50.taxon	discussion	Remarks. In the field, the specimen was tentatively identified as Haplaxius due to overall similarity in structure and general habit. More careful morphological examination seemed to confirm generic placement. The general form and behavior of this taxon appeared to coincide with Haplaxius. While differences in terminalia set this species apart from other Haplaxius, it was molecular characterization that made it apparent that observed differences merited genus level designation. A difference that appears to set Myxia n. g. apart from Haplaxius, is that in Myxia, the phallus consists of the phallobase that surrounds the base of the aedeagus and projects beneath to subtend it, whereas in Haplaxius, the phallobase envelopes the aedeagus forming a phallotheca. The variation in degree to which the phallobase surrounds the aedeagus in Myxia cannot be discerned from the single species described here, but this character appears to be an important difference among the genera. The form of the gonostyli also appears different among the genera. The general form of gonostyli in Haplaxius senso stricto is that of a larger, globular apex in ventral view and in lateral view, the rounded apex is generally visible but usually angled upward. However, many Haplaxius deviate from this morphological type. The illustrations of the type species H. laevis Fowler, 1904 (Kramer 1979, figs. 159 – 162), terminalia exhibit a rounded terminus of the gonostyli in both ventral and lateral views. Haplaxius crudus have the same general form of the gonostyli and aedeagus as H. laevis and provided a useful comparison (Fig. 3). The structure of the terminalia of H. crudus appears to be comparable to that of H. laevis and serves as a useful morphological template for comparison. Caldwell (1946) also considered H. crudus (as Paramyndus cocois) similar enough based on general body structure to H. laevis to place them in the same genus, suggesting that there were other species that appeared more distinct from H. laevis than H. crudus. It had previously been suggested that Haplaxius (as Myndus) “ ... could be subdivided into a series of genera or subgenera; these divisions would be based primarily upon structural features or variations in the pattern of the male genitalia, especially the aedeagus. ” Kramer (1979: 302). This represents the first genus-group to be erected associated with Haplaxius based on molecular data and morphology. One other species of Haplaxius, H. delta, according to Kramer (1977) possesses a similar form for both the gonostyli (bifurcated with dorsal process angled dorsad) and medioventral process (subtriangular). Also, the aedeagus is simple with hooked flagellum and phallobase bearing large processes according to Kramer (1979; Fig. 175 – 179). Based on the overall similarity of the terminalia to the novel taxon we propose H. delta be moved to the novel taxon, bringing the species number for Myxia gen. n. to two species.	en	Bahder, Brian W., Bartlett, Charles R., Barrantes Barrantes, Edwin A., Zumbado Echavarria, Marco A., Humphries, Alessandra R., Helmick, Ericka E., Goss, Erica M., Ascunce, Marina S. (2019): A new genus and species of cixiid planthopper (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoroidea) from the Reserva Privada el Silencio de Los Angeles Cloud Forest in Costa Rica. Zootaxa 4701 (1): 65-81, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4701.1.5
03A087FEFFAFAE67AEDF64D3F9FDFB50.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The generic name is an arbitrary amalgamation of Haplaxius and Myndus suggestive of the similarities of Myxia to both genera. The genus name is feminine in gender.	en	Bahder, Brian W., Bartlett, Charles R., Barrantes Barrantes, Edwin A., Zumbado Echavarria, Marco A., Humphries, Alessandra R., Helmick, Ericka E., Goss, Erica M., Ascunce, Marina S. (2019): A new genus and species of cixiid planthopper (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoroidea) from the Reserva Privada el Silencio de Los Angeles Cloud Forest in Costa Rica. Zootaxa 4701 (1): 65-81, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4701.1.5
03A087FEFFA0AE63AEDF6741FE79FF6D.taxon	description	(Figures 4 – 9)	en	Bahder, Brian W., Bartlett, Charles R., Barrantes Barrantes, Edwin A., Zumbado Echavarria, Marco A., Humphries, Alessandra R., Helmick, Ericka E., Goss, Erica M., Ascunce, Marina S. (2019): A new genus and species of cixiid planthopper (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoroidea) from the Reserva Privada el Silencio de Los Angeles Cloud Forest in Costa Rica. Zootaxa 4701 (1): 65-81, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4701.1.5
03A087FEFFA0AE63AEDF6741FE79FF6D.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. Costa Rica, Alajuela, Reserva Privada el Silencio de Los Angeles, Hotel Villa Blanca.	en	Bahder, Brian W., Bartlett, Charles R., Barrantes Barrantes, Edwin A., Zumbado Echavarria, Marco A., Humphries, Alessandra R., Helmick, Ericka E., Goss, Erica M., Ascunce, Marina S. (2019): A new genus and species of cixiid planthopper (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoroidea) from the Reserva Privada el Silencio de Los Angeles Cloud Forest in Costa Rica. Zootaxa 4701 (1): 65-81, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4701.1.5
03A087FEFFA0AE63AEDF6741FE79FF6D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A remarkable species displaying a significant degree of sexual dimorphism with males yellow and females orange and black. Forewing pterostigma conspicuous. The medioventral process of the pygofer is subtriangular. The gonostyli (dorsal view) bear anterior facing hooks arising approximately midlength. Aedeagus simple, apex hooked right bearing flagellum. Phallobase ventrally projecting, subtending aedeagus, and bearing four stout elongate projections.	en	Bahder, Brian W., Bartlett, Charles R., Barrantes Barrantes, Edwin A., Zumbado Echavarria, Marco A., Humphries, Alessandra R., Helmick, Ericka E., Goss, Erica M., Ascunce, Marina S. (2019): A new genus and species of cixiid planthopper (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoroidea) from the Reserva Privada el Silencio de Los Angeles Cloud Forest in Costa Rica. Zootaxa 4701 (1): 65-81, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4701.1.5
03A087FEFFA0AE63AEDF6741FE79FF6D.taxon	description	Description. Color. General body color (males): bright, yellow, legs paler (Fig. 4 A, B). Wings transparent, veins yellow. General body color (females) bright orange (Fig. 4 C, D). Lateral carinae of head and abdominal tergites black. Wings transparent, veins orange. Structure. Body length males (n = 15): 5.98 – 6.04 mm with wings and 3.99 – 4.02 mm without wings; females (n = 8): 6.39 – 6.42 mm with wings and 4.11 – 4.13 mm without wings. Head. Head in lateral view obtusely rounded, more evident in female than male (Fig. 5 C, F). Vertex broadest basally, weakly narrowing distally; posterior margin medially notched, anterior margin truncate (Fig. 5 B, E). Median carina of vertex present near posterior margin, becoming obsolete distally near eyes. Transverse apical carina present at fastigium. Vertex length males: 0.25 – 0.27 mm; females: 0.36 – 0.38 mm. Vertex width at hind margin males: 0.52 – 0.54 mm; females 0.51 – 0.53 mm. Vertex width at distal margin males: 0.22 – 0.24 mm; females: 0.23 – 0.25 mm. Frons roughly triangular, narrowest between eyes then broadening nearly to frontoclypeal suture, then abruptly narrowing; clypeus an inverse triangle, lateral margin profile continuous with frons (Fig 5 C, F); frontoclypeal suture slightly concave. Median carina present on frons, 1 / 3 obsolete (Fig. 5). Frons width (dorsal), males: 0.22 – 0.23 mm; females: 0.22 – 0.23 mm; frons width (widest part) males: 0.57 – 0.59 mm; females: 0.62 – 0.63 mm. Frons width (frontoclypeal suture) males: 0.43 – 0.44 mm; females: 0.45 – 0.46 mm. Frons length (midline) males: 0.75 – 0.76 mm; females: 0.80 – 0.81 mm. Frons length (lateral margin) males: 0.85 – 0.86 mm; females: 0.87 – 0.88 mm. Clypeus length, males: 0.71 – 0.72 mm; females: 0.78 – 0.79 mm. Lateral ocelli conspicuous, below leading margin of compound eye, anterior to antennae; median ocellus obscure, near frontoclypeal suture. Antennal pedicle very short, scape bulbous bearing irregularly arranged rhinia, flagellum elongate, bristlelike. Thorax. Pronotum very short, anteriorly convex, conforming hind margin of head; posteriorly broadly acute (Fig. 5 B, F); median carina present, lateral pronotal carinae arising near midlength of eye, arched laterally to ventral margin. Paradiscal fields of pronotum (lateral view) foliate, extending ventrad to antennae. Pronotum length at midline males: 7.0 – 0.08 mm; females: 0.09 – 0.10 mm. Pronotal carinae terminating on the ventral margin. Mesonotum level with dorsal margin of head in lateral view (Fig. 5 C, F) with three subparallel longitudinal carinae (lateral reaching hind margin, median reaching scutellum, Fig. 5 B, E). Mesonotum length at midline males: 1.16 – 1.18 mm; females: 1.22 – 1.24 mm. Mesonotum width males: 1.19 – 1.20 mm; females: 1.23 – 1.24 mm. Forewing (Fig. 6) with conspicuous pterostigma, wing margin entirely enclosed by sclerotized vein; veins punctate with setal bases. CuA fork much distal from ScP + R fork (‘ inner marginal’ cell — cell C 5 — much shorter than ‘ outer marginal’ cell — cell C 1). Branching pattern: ScP 1 branched, RA 1 branched, RP 3 branched, MP 4 branched, CuA 2 branched; CuA and CuP distally merged. Pcu and A 1 meeting proximad of ScP + R fork, combined Pcu + A 1 reaching wing margin proximad of claval apex. Wings well exceeding abdomen, forewing length males: 5.00 – 5.02 mm; females: 5.45 – 5.46 mm. Male Terminalia. Pygofer in lateral view robust, widest ventrally, narrowed dorsad, anterior and caudal margins sinuate (Fig. 7 A). Pygofer opening with ventral median process that, in ventral view, is subtriangular, widest at base, attenuating distally to rounded apex (Fig. 7 B). Gonostyli proximally diverging, distally converging; widest in ventral view near midlength at rounded dorsomedial projection, distally narrowed, terminating in a pair of rounded knobs (Fig. 7). Anal tube in lateral view robust, irregular in shape, broadening distad (stout and short in the sense of Kramer, 1979; Fig. 7), ventral margin at diagonal, weakly concave; in caudal view, ventral margin asymmetrically notched. Anal column elongate. Aedeagus simple, shaft without processes, distally blunt, apex curved rightward with fine, elongate subapical dorsal projection. Phallobase surrounding aedeagal base, projecting caudally beneath aedeagus; subtending portion bearing 4 projections (Fig. 8 A-C): one elongate ventral (anteriorly projecting), two elongate on right side (one proximad, projecting caudally, one midlength, strongly retrorsely arched), one short left side (projecting lateral), plus pointed apex. Female Terminalia. Gonoplac oblong, mildly crescent shaped reach ventral margin of segment 10 (Fig. 9 A & C). Segment 10 wider than long in dorsal view (Fig. 9 B) and widest on ventral margin in lateral view with dorsal margin approximately 2 / 3 width of ventral margin (Fig. 9 C). Gonapophyses slightly sclerotized basally and heavily sclerotized in distal 2 / 3 (Fig. 9 D); bulbous in basal third; irregularly sinuate on inner and outer margins (Fig. 9 D)	en	Bahder, Brian W., Bartlett, Charles R., Barrantes Barrantes, Edwin A., Zumbado Echavarria, Marco A., Humphries, Alessandra R., Helmick, Ericka E., Goss, Erica M., Ascunce, Marina S. (2019): A new genus and species of cixiid planthopper (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoroidea) from the Reserva Privada el Silencio de Los Angeles Cloud Forest in Costa Rica. Zootaxa 4701 (1): 65-81, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4701.1.5
03A087FEFFA0AE63AEDF6741FE79FF6D.taxon	biology_ecology	Plant associations. Palm (Geonoma sp.), Arecaceae.	en	Bahder, Brian W., Bartlett, Charles R., Barrantes Barrantes, Edwin A., Zumbado Echavarria, Marco A., Humphries, Alessandra R., Helmick, Ericka E., Goss, Erica M., Ascunce, Marina S. (2019): A new genus and species of cixiid planthopper (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoroidea) from the Reserva Privada el Silencio de Los Angeles Cloud Forest in Costa Rica. Zootaxa 4701 (1): 65-81, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4701.1.5
03A087FEFFA0AE63AEDF6741FE79FF6D.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Costa Rica (Alajuela).	en	Bahder, Brian W., Bartlett, Charles R., Barrantes Barrantes, Edwin A., Zumbado Echavarria, Marco A., Humphries, Alessandra R., Helmick, Ericka E., Goss, Erica M., Ascunce, Marina S. (2019): A new genus and species of cixiid planthopper (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoroidea) from the Reserva Privada el Silencio de Los Angeles Cloud Forest in Costa Rica. Zootaxa 4701 (1): 65-81, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4701.1.5
03A087FEFFA0AE63AEDF6741FE79FF6D.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name is given in honor of the lead author’s mother, Belinda Miller Bahder. The specific name is feminine.	en	Bahder, Brian W., Bartlett, Charles R., Barrantes Barrantes, Edwin A., Zumbado Echavarria, Marco A., Humphries, Alessandra R., Helmick, Ericka E., Goss, Erica M., Ascunce, Marina S. (2019): A new genus and species of cixiid planthopper (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoroidea) from the Reserva Privada el Silencio de Los Angeles Cloud Forest in Costa Rica. Zootaxa 4701 (1): 65-81, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4701.1.5
03A087FEFFA0AE63AEDF6741FE79FF6D.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype male “ Costa Rica, Alajeula / Los Angeles Cloud Forest / Brian W. Bahder / 15 May 2018 / aspirated from Geonoma sp. palm // Holotype / Myxia / belinda ” (FSCA); Paratypes, Los Angeles Cloud Forest [15 May 2018] (14 males, 8 females, FLREC).	en	Bahder, Brian W., Bartlett, Charles R., Barrantes Barrantes, Edwin A., Zumbado Echavarria, Marco A., Humphries, Alessandra R., Helmick, Ericka E., Goss, Erica M., Ascunce, Marina S. (2019): A new genus and species of cixiid planthopper (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoroidea) from the Reserva Privada el Silencio de Los Angeles Cloud Forest in Costa Rica. Zootaxa 4701 (1): 65-81, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4701.1.5
03A087FEFFA0AE63AEDF6741FE79FF6D.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The most notable feature of this species is the brilliant orange coloration of the adult female and while sexual dimorphism is known in Haplaxius, especially the commonly studied H. crudus, the difference observed in the new taxon appears more extreme than other described species in Haplaxius. In form, Haplaxius delta (Kramer) has a similar medioventral process on the pygofer. Also, in ventral view, the gonostyli of H. delta are very similar with the difference being that the lateral teeth in H. delta do not hook towards the anterior, which is seen in Myxia belinda sp. n. In lateral view, the gonostyli still differ only slightly with the dorsal process in H. delta being a rounded hook rather than a simple rounded end as is in Myxia belinda sp. n. There is a noticeable difference in the anal tube where the terminus in H. delta is distinctly down curved whereas this is not seen in Myxia belinda sp. n. Additionally, the aedeagus in H. delta is significantly different with no spines arising on the basal half and the spines present situated on the left side, not the right as in Myxia belinda sp. n. The aedeagus in H. delta has a rather robust and blunt terminus and does not terminate in an acute, upward facing hook as seen in Myxia belinda sp. n. Based on the terminalia, H. delta is closest to the novel taxon but differs significantly in the aedeagus. Furthermore, both females and males are known from H. delta and the color scheme from H. delta is that both males and females are yellow as well as being substantially smaller. This species is unique in that is also possesses features of Myndus, pronotal carinae terminating on the ventral margin and not the lateral margin, but also lack the denticle of the forecoxae (Fig. 6), a feature of Haplaxius. This combination further supports its establishment as a novel genus as well as species.	en	Bahder, Brian W., Bartlett, Charles R., Barrantes Barrantes, Edwin A., Zumbado Echavarria, Marco A., Humphries, Alessandra R., Helmick, Ericka E., Goss, Erica M., Ascunce, Marina S. (2019): A new genus and species of cixiid planthopper (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoroidea) from the Reserva Privada el Silencio de Los Angeles Cloud Forest in Costa Rica. Zootaxa 4701 (1): 65-81, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4701.1.5
