taxonID	type	description	language	source
03A087FEDC2FC12C10CB7D17FFD188C1.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — From Africa, because the new species is the first in the genus Camptomyces recorded in this continent. Original description: — Basal cell of the receptacle (cell I) grayish brown, darker in the lower portion, elongate, evenly tapering to the foot. Suprabasal cell (cell II) separated from the basal by a slight constriction, its outline irregularly pentagonal, distinctly broader than long, colored grayish brown, darker in the lower third. Stalk-cell of the appendage (cell III) quadrangular, slightly broader than long, suffused with grayish brown. Basal cell of the antheridium flattened; compound antheridium smoky gray in fully mature thalli, broadly conical, with slightly asymmetrical and convex margins. Stalk-cell of the perithecium (cell VI) hyaline, small, quadrangular, broader than long. Cell VII hyaline, unusually large, slightly curved, enlarged distally. Perithecium light grayish brown, somewhat darker on the lower, inner portion, almost thrice longer than broad, distinctly asymmetrical, with the venter crescent-like, abruptly tapering to a subcylindrical, slightly sigmoid tip and ending in a flattened apex. Length from foot to tip of perithecium 205 – 215 μm; length from foot to tip of antheridium 105 – 115 μm; perithecium, including basal cells 135 – 140 × 50 – 52 μm; compound antheridium 32 – 35 μm; ascospores about 32 μm. Type: — SIERRA LEONE, Southern Province, Gola Rainforest National Park near Sileti camp, 24 – 26. XI. 2015, W. Rossi, on Astenus sp. (Staphylinidae, Paederinae) (FI 4057). Comments: — The description is based on three mature and three immature thalli found on the metasternum of the host insect.	en	Rossi, Walter, Leonardi, Marco (2018): New species and new records of Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota) from Sierra Leone. Phytotaxa 358 (2): 91-116, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1
03A087FEDC2FC12A10CB7E8BFD7F8C39.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — From the Gola Rainforest National Park, where this new species, with other two new species described in this same paper, was found. Original description: — Basal cell of the receptacle (cell I) irregularly trapezoidal, distinctly longer than maximum width, tinged with light brown. Suprabasal cell (cell II) irregularly quadrangular, slightly longer than broad and slightly darker than the basal cell. Stalk-cell of the appendage (cell III) chestnut brown, quadrangular, distinctly longer than broad. Primary axis of the appendage relatively short, consisting of large cell colored dark brown on the outer side, which gives rise internally and distally to long, slender and hyaline branchlets repeatedly divided dichotomously. Stalk-cell of the perithecium (cell VI) variably curved, hyaline, elongate, distinctly tapering to the base, broader distally than the secondary stalk-cell (cell VII) which is distinctly broader than long. Perithecium, including basal cells, about three times longer than broad, distinctly asymmetrical, subsigmoid, its lower portion slightly inflated, the posterior side more convex, the upper portion bent outwards, and the tip rather abruptly distinguished, light brown, tapering to a rounded apex. Length from foot to tip of perithecium 280 – 335 μm; length from foot to tip of longest appendages 390 μm; perithecium including basal cells 140 – 185 × 45 – 50 μm. Type: — SIERRA LEONE, Eastern Province, Gola Rainforest National Park near Lalehun, 4 – 5. II. 2012, W. Rossi, on Afrobium sp. (Staphylinidae, Paederinae, Paederini, Cryptobiina) (FI 3686). Additional material examined: — Northern Province, banks of the river Seli near Bumbuna, 12. V. 1991, W. Rossi, on Afrobium sp. (paratype FI 1650). Comments: — The description is based on the thalli found on the elytra of the host insect collected in the Gola Rainforest N. P. These thalli are broadly similar in the general habitus and especially in the shape of the perithecium to Corethromyces buccalis Thaxt., described on Rugilus ceylanensis (Kraatz) from Sumatra; the most striking difference among these parasites is a large and opaque outgrowth of the receptacle beside the very short appendage of C. buccalis (Thaxter 1931, Plate XXXIII, figs 16 – 17). The single thallus obtained from the insect collected near Bumbuna is similar to the “ typical ” form, although somewhat stockier. The thalli removed from the legs of the same insect are quite different: cells II, III and the lower cell of the appendage are blackish and opaque, the branchlets of the appendage are shorter on average and the perithecium is yellowish, symmetrical, oblong, with the basal cells and the tip reddish brown (Figure 1 c). These thalli seem to be more similar to Coretromyces purpurascens Thaxt. than to any other described species. However, C. purpurascens, which is also parasitic on Cryptobiina, has a more elongate perithecium with concolorous basal cells and the receptacle wholly opaque with the exception of the basal cell (Rossi 2016).	en	Rossi, Walter, Leonardi, Marco (2018): New species and new records of Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota) from Sierra Leone. Phytotaxa 358 (2): 91-116, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1
03A087FEDC29C12A10CB7A92FF248884.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — From Latin = very small, because the new species is not only much smaller than the other species in the same genus, but it is also one of the smallest among the Laboulbeniales. Original description: — Thallus minute, hyaline and broadly rounded in outline, abruptly enlarged above the small, stalk-like basal cell. Triseriate; median series consisting of a single, elongate and falcate cell bearing distally a small appendiculate cell; posterior series of two cells, the lower of which is irregularly pentagonal, while the upper is slender and elongate, distinctly smaller than the cell of the median series laying beside it and bearing distally a domeshaped cell subtended by a tiny flattened cell, the two forming the base of the primary appendage; anterior series of two cells, the lower broadly triangular, the upper small and flattened. Appendages two, very long and slender, usually dividing dichotomously once or twice. Perithecium broadly elliptical, tilted inward, its longer axis forming an angle of about 45 ° with the axis of the receptacle, its outer margin free while less than one third is free on the inner side, regularly tapering to the subconical tip and rounded apex. Length from foot to perithecial apex 45 – 57 μm; perithecium 26 – 42 × 15 – 28 μm; longest appendage 65 μm. Type: — SIERRA LEONE, Western Area, Sussex beach, under the bark of a fallen tree 8 ° 20 ’ 54.5 ” N, 13 ° 13 ’ 53.8 ” W, 28. XI. 2015, W. Rossi, on various parts of the body of Clavilispinus sp. (Staphylinidae, Osoriinae) (FI 4066 a). Additional material examined: — Same data as the type (isotype FI 4066 b, paratype FI 4063). A total of 20 mature thalli and 8 others at various stages of development have been observed. Comments: — The genus Diaphoromyces Thaxt. included thus far four species only, three of which previously described as members of the related genus Rickia. Two of the latter, D. marginatus (Thaxt.) Thaxt. and D. zirophori (Thaxt.) Thaxt. are large and very elongate species, reaching respectively 650 and 400 μm (Thaxter 1931). The former is only known from the type series, occurring on Heterophaga punctulata Motschulsky (Tenebrionidae) in Sri Lanka (Thaxter 1931), while the latter was reported from a few countries of Central and South America on various species of the genus Piestus (Staphylinidae) (Bernardi et al. 2014). The other two species are smaller, but at least four times larger than the largest thallus of Diaphoromyces minutissimus. These are D. kuschelii A. Weir & W. Rossi, parasitic on Menimus spp. (Tenebrionidae) from New Zealand (Weir & Rossi 1997) and D. lispini (Thaxt.) Thaxt. occurring on Staphilinidae (see further on). The latter fungus seems to be the most closely related to the new one, from which it can be distinguished at first sight for the distinctly more elongate habitus, which is due to a much more elongate receptacle.	en	Rossi, Walter, Leonardi, Marco (2018): New species and new records of Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota) from Sierra Leone. Phytotaxa 358 (2): 91-116, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1
03A087FEDC29C12910CB7ED7FFA28A5A.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — From Latin antemna because most of the thalli of this fungus were found on the antennae of the host insects. Dioecious. Female thallus with the basal cell of the receptacle (cell I) hyaline, almost twice longer than maximum width, slightly enlarging from below upwards. Suprabasal cell (cell II) pale reddish brown, distinctly longer and slightly broader than the basal, separated from the stalk cell of the appendage by a short, horizontal septum and from the stalk cell of the perithecium (cell VI) by a much longer, very oblique and concave septum. Undivided stalk cell of the appendage (III + IV + V) concolorous with cell II, about 2.5 times longer than broad, almost wholly free and divergent from the perithecium. Appendage very long (when unbroken), consisting of a linear series of elongate cells gradually paler and slenderer. Cell VI russet, almost flattened, slightly concave. Basal cells of the perithecium small, concolorous with cell VI, their surface punctuate. Perithecium reddish brown, slightly paler than the cells below, free except for its base on the inner side, about twice longer than maximum width, with the inner margin more convex than the outer, tapering more or less evenly to the tip, which is not abruptly distinguished, distinctly bent outwards and blackened on the inner side only; apex flattened, consisting of large, hyaline, subequal lips. Length from foot to tip of perithecium 120 – 135 μm. Longest appendage 150 μm. Perithecium 49 – 63 × 23 – 28 μm. Male thallus consisting of a linear series of cells gradually longer and slenderer. In very early stages the terminal cell acts as a phialide, which soon elongates and gets broken. Total length 45 – 55 μm. Type: — SIERRA LEONE, Northern Province, near Bendugu, 21. XI. 1984, W. Rossi, on Macrotermes bellicosus (Smeathman) (Isoptera, Termitidae, Macrotermitinae) (FI 4270). Additional material examined: — Same data of the type (paratypes FI 4271, FI 4281 a, FI 4281 b, FI 4281 c). Comments: — Among the very many species of Laboulbenia described to date, very few have a female thallus lacking an inner appendage paired with a rudimentary thallus consisting of a linear series of five cells. These fungi are considered dioecious, although sometimes there is no evidence of a functional antheridium on the rudimentary thallus, and are all found on ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae). The only species among these latter parasites sharing with L. antemnalis a female thallus bearing an undivided stalk-cell of the appendage (cell III + IV + V) is L. endogea Picard, occurring on several species of endogean Scartinae in Sardinia (Rossi & Santamaria 2008). However, L. antemnalis and L. endogea differ in every other feature and there is nothing suggesting that the two are related. Interestingly, the species more similar to L. amntemnalis was described in a different genus: Apatomyces laboulbenioides Thaxt. occurring on Tachys ceylonicus (Nietner) (Carabidae) from the Philippines. The latter parasite shares with the former the undivided stalk-cell of the appendage, the presence of a tiny male thallus adherent to the foot of the female, and also the lack of an insertion cell; the most obvious difference between the two species is the ramified appendage of A. laboulbenioides (Thaxter 1931). It is almost superfluous to add that a review of the taxonomic position of A. laboulbenioides, which is the type species of the monotypic genus Apatomyces Thaxt., seems more than appropriate.	en	Rossi, Walter, Leonardi, Marco (2018): New species and new records of Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota) from Sierra Leone. Phytotaxa 358 (2): 91-116, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1
03A087FEDC2AC12710CB7C75FC0E8C50.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — From Latin bucca (= mouth), because the thalli of this species, with very few exceptions, are found on the mouthparts of the host insects. Dioecious. Female thallus with cells III and IV of the receptacle and perithecium grayish brown; the perithecial tip is dark brown, while the rest of the fungus is paler, with cell I and appendages almost hyaline. Receptacle short, with the basal cell (cell I) longer than maximum width. Suprabasal cell (cell II) about as long as the basal, separated from cell III by a short, almost horizontal septum and from cell VI by a much longer, oblique or concave septum. Cell III quadrangular, about as long or slightly shorter than cell II but wider than the latter. Cell IV smaller than cell III, with the outer margin usually convex. Cell V shield-shaped, separated from cell IV by an oblique septum reaching cell III in its upper, inner angle. Insertion cell thick, distinctly shorter than the upper side of cells IV and V. Outer appendage simple and elongate. Inner appendage consisting of a small basal cell that gives rise on either side to an elongate, simple branch similar, but shorter than the outer and hardly exceeding the perithecial apex; these branches of the inner appendage do not develop simultaneously and are usually of different length, especially in younger thalli. Stalk-cell of the perithecium (cell VI) oblique, distinctly broader than long. Perithecium free for about 2 / 3 of its length, subelliptical, with a slight hunch on the ventral side at the septum between the 2 nd and the 3 rd layer of wall cells, above which it tapers rather abruptly to the darker tip; apex distinctly turned outwards, consisting of large, rounded and unequal lips, the dorsal being distinctly taller. Length from foot to tip of perithecium 133 – 157 μm; perithecium 73 – 90 × 30 – 47 μm; longest appendage 130 μm. Male thallus paired with the female and similar to the latter, but never developing the perithecium. Inner appendage consisting of a small basal cell that gives rise on either side to an elongate cell bearing apically a single antheridium with a short, curved and abruptly tapering neck; sometimes also the inner appendage develops a short branchlet, especially in older specimens, which however do not replace the antheridia. Length from foot to tip of antheridia 87 – 99 μm; longest appendage 157 μm. Type: — SIERRA LEONE, Occra Hills, 31. XII. 1988, W. Rossi, on mouthparts of a worker of Amitermes evuncifer Silvestri (Isoptera, Termitidae, Amitermitinae) (FI 4076). Additional material examined: — Same dada of the type (paratype FI 4075); same data of the type, on the mouthparts and on the anterior right tibia of a soldier (paratype FI 4077); same data of the type, on the mouthparts of a nymph with wing pads (paratype FI 4078). Very many thalli have been examined. Comments: — The species of Laboulbenia occurring on termites described to date are five (excluding L. antemnalis described above). These are L. hagenii Thaxt., L. felicis-caprae W. Rossi, L. geminata Buchli ex W. Rossi et Blackwell, L. brignolii W. Rossi et Blackwell, and L. ghanaensis W. Rossi et Blackwell (Rossi & Blackwell 1986). All these parasites were found in the African continent and none of them was recorded a second time. The female thalli of L. buccalis share with L. felicis-caprae and L. ghanaensis a simple outer appendage, but obviously lack any antheridium on the inner appendage. Antheridia are two in L. felicis-caprae and one only in L. ghanaensis. L. buccalis differs from the other two species also in the shape of the perithecial tip, which is more slender, with the apex distinctly oblique directed outwards in the new species.	en	Rossi, Walter, Leonardi, Marco (2018): New species and new records of Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota) from Sierra Leone. Phytotaxa 358 (2): 91-116, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1
03A087FEDC24C12710CB7A7CFD7489A4.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — From Latin insolitus = strange, because of the unusual perithecial appendage. Original description: — Thallus grayish brown, with darker perithecium; apical appendage very dark brown, somewhat paler at the distal ends; surface of the receptacle and of perithecium distinctly rugose. Basal cell of the receptacle (cell I) irregularly cylindrical, about three times as long as maximum width. Suprabasal cell (cell II), slightly shorter than the basal and gradually narrowed from below upwards. Cell III cup-shaped, slightly shorter than maximum width. Cell IV slightly larger than cell III, irregularly pentagonal, with the outer margin distinctly convex. Cell V relatively large, situated above cell IV, between the perithecium and the narrow and thick insertion cell. Outer appendage consisting of a large basal cell bulging outwards and bearing distally two cells, both giving rise to two simple branchlets with the lower cells much shorter than the distal ones and the tips slightly extending beyond the perithecial apex. Inner appendage consisting of a basal cell slightly smaller than the outer, bearing distally a single cell which gives rise to a couple of branchlets identical with those of the outer appendage. Cell VI very small, from slightly to distinctly broader than long. Perithecium obovoid, with the wall cells arranged spirally and with an invaginated tip flanked by a peculiar outgrowth resembling the handle of an anatomical walking stick. Length from foot to tip of perithecial outgrowth 260 – 320 μm; length from foot to tip of longest appendages 425 μm; perithecium, without outgrowth 108 – 132 × 60 – 75 μm; length of the same with outgrowth 120 – 155 μm; length of the horizontal portion of the outgrowth 38 – 47 μm. Type: — SIERRA LEONE, Western Area, Regent, Jan 1977, W. Rossi, on the mesosternum of Abacetus (Triaenabacetus) cf. pubescens Dejean (Coleoptera, Carabidae) (FI 4071). Six mature thalli have been observed. Comments: — The peculiar shape of the perithecial outgrowth easily distinguish the new species from all the many others in the same genus. This outgrowth is vaguely similar to the one of Laboulbenia ceratophora Thaxt., which however adheres to the perithecial tip without a distinct “ stalk ” as in L. insolita (Thaxter 1908, Plate LX, Figs. 32 – 35). Moreover, in L. ceratophora the perithecium is slender and it is joined to the insertion cell. This latter fungus is parasitic on various Carabidae in Indonesia and New Guinea.	en	Rossi, Walter, Leonardi, Marco (2018): New species and new records of Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota) from Sierra Leone. Phytotaxa 358 (2): 91-116, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1
03A087FEDC24C12510CB7E28FF3B8B5C.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The new species in named after Mary H. Kingsley (1862 – 1900), English writer and explorer, who travelled through Sierra Leone in 1883. Original description: — Thallus yellowish brown, darker in the upper portion of cell I, in the lower portion of the appendages, and on the upper, dorsal portion of the receptacle; the lower portion of cell I is very pale, nearly hyaline, sometimes contrasting with the much darker upper portion. Basal cell of the receptacle (cell I) slender and elongate, above which the receptacle enlarges symmetrically forming an isosceles triangle. Suprabasal cell (cell II) rather stocky, pentagonal, about as long as the basal. Cell III broadly quadrangular, about twice as long as it is broad. Cell IV longer than cell III, divided by transverse septa into three or four superimposed cells and extended upward beyond the black insertion cell forming a large, blunt prominence. Cell V relatively large, shield-shaped. Outer appendage consisting of a large, irregularly quadrangular basal cell bearing distally three cells, each giving rise to two stiff, straight, suberect simple branchlets with the distal portion gradually paler and more slender, slightly exceeding the perithecial apex; the outermost of these branchlets is much darker than the others, directed outwards and usually broken. Inner appendage consisting of a trapezoidal basal cell slightly smaller than the outer, producing distally a few short branchlets bearing several elongate and falcate antheridia; the latter are very soon replaced by branchlets identical with those of the outer appendage, with which they form a dense tuft in mature specimens. Stalk-cell of the perithecium (cell VI) slightly longer than cell III. Basal cells of the perithecium relatively large. The latter wholly free, elongate, subfusiform, regularly tapering to a subconical tip ending in rounded lips, the inner (dorsal) of which are subtended by a blackish area. Length from foot to tip of perithecium 410 – 480 μm; length from foot to tip of longest appendages 490 (720) μm; perithecium 195 – 235 × 60 – 75 μm. Type: — SIERRA LEONE, Western Area, Regent, Jan 1977, W. Rossi, near the tip of the ventral side of the abdomen of Abacetus (Triaenabacetus) cf. pubescens Dejean (Carabidae) (FI 4070). Additional material examined: — Same data of the type, at the tip of the elytra (paratype FI 4071); same data of the type, at the tip of the abdomen, 6 – 9. II. 1992 (paratype FI 4083). A total of 8 mature and 10 other thalli at various stages of development have been studied. Comments: — Because of the division of cell IV and the same bulging upward, at a first glance the new species reminds Laboulbenia anoplogenii. However, the appendages of the two parasites are very different: in L. kingsleyae these are brush-like, with the branchlets straight and hardly exceeding the perithecial apex, while in L. anoplogenii the branchlets are long, flexuous and usually much fewer (Terada 2001). Moreover the new species has a black and opaque insertion cell (the same is reddish in L. anoplogenii), the receptacle distinctly stockier, the perithecium more slender and elongate.	en	Rossi, Walter, Leonardi, Marco (2018): New species and new records of Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota) from Sierra Leone. Phytotaxa 358 (2): 91-116, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1
03A087FEDC26C12410CB7D70FECC8E44.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — From the Latin verb penetro = to penetrate, because the fungus penetrates with an haustorium into the host insect. Original description: — Receptacle pale grayish yellow, consisting of a cup shaped, basal cell (cell I) slightly longer than broad, and a much longer suprabasal cell (cell II) with nearly parallel margins, with the surface distinctly rugose in mature thalli. Cell III + IV + V elongate, outer margin distinctly convex in mature thalli, free from the perithecium. Basal cell of the appendage small, distinctly shorter than broad, with a grayish lower half and a hyaline upper half, giving rise externally to a short, simple branch and on the inner side to an almost rounded cell bearing two pairs of antheridia, one sessile, the other on top of an elongate cell. Antheridia grayish, bottle-shaped, sometimes replaced by short branchlets in older thalli. Stalk-cell of the perithecium (cell VI) relatively small, broader than long. Perithecium dark brownish gray, broadly pear-shaped, evenly tapering to a paler tip and ending with three subhyaline and elongated lips, of which two are longer and slightly divergent, the third shorter and larger. The thallus penetrates inside the integument of the host insect with a short and stocky haustorium consisting a subsphaerical base beneath cell I producing laterally a large but short hypha. Length to tip of perithecium 410 – 500 μm; perithecium 125 × 50 – 55 μm; longest appendage 70 μm. Type: — SIERRA LEONE, Western Area, Regent, 27. I. 2013, W. Rossi, between mid coxae of Stereocerellus singularis (Becker) (Diptera, Chloropidae) (FI 4072). Three mature and 3 immature thalli have been observed. Comments: — Laboulbenia penetrans is clearly allied to L. dahlii (Thaxt.) Thaxt., described in 1901 (as Ceraiomyces dahlii) on a “ small flower fly ” from Ralum, “ New Pomerania ” (now New Britain in the Bismarck Archipelago of Papua New Guinea). However, the latter parasite has a spherical cell I, slenderer and darker stalk cell of the appendages, much larger and much darker basal cell of the same, the perithecium slender and elongate with the tip distinctly curving outwards. Also L. curtonoti W. Rossi & Kirk-Spriggs, parasitic on the African fly Curtonotum balachowskyi Tsacas, bears a penetrating haustorium, but it is different in almost any other characteristics (Rossi & Kirk-Spriggs 2011). It is worth mentioning that the following finding (unpublished) of Laboulbenia dahlii by the German dipterologist Michael von Tschirnhaus shed some light on the identity of the “ small flower fly ” mentioned by Thaxter: INDONESIA, Moluccas (Maluku) Islands, island Palau Jamdena, east coast near the village Tumbur, 7 ° 50 ’ 41 ” S, 131 ° 23 ’ 11 ” E, on Talipariti tiliaceum (L.) Fryxell (Malvaceae) (common name: Sea Hibiscus), 15. III. 1989, J. Dürbaum, on the head of a few specimens of Eutropha noctilux (Walker) (Chloropidae). Because the latter insect is widely distributed and is also present in the Bismark Archipelago, it is possible that the host of the type of Laboulbenia dahlii was Eutropha noctilux.	en	Rossi, Walter, Leonardi, Marco (2018): New species and new records of Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota) from Sierra Leone. Phytotaxa 358 (2): 91-116, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1
03A087FEDC27C12410CB7FDEFCF88892.taxon	description	New record from Sierra Leone. Southern Province, Gola Rainforest National park, near Sileti Camp, 29. I. 2013, W. Rossi, just below the middle of the right epipleura of Laccophilus leonensis Régimbart.	en	Rossi, Walter, Leonardi, Marco (2018): New species and new records of Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota) from Sierra Leone. Phytotaxa 358 (2): 91-116, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1
03A087FEDC27C12410CB7FDEFCF88892.taxon	discussion	Remarks. First record for the African continent.	en	Rossi, Walter, Leonardi, Marco (2018): New species and new records of Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota) from Sierra Leone. Phytotaxa 358 (2): 91-116, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1
03A087FEDC27C12410CB7808FF468BC0.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — Named after Graziano Carboni, for his invaluable help during the collecting journeys in Sierra Leone of the first author. Original description: — Axis of the receptacle usually falcate, consisting of 19 – 30 cells gradually enlarging from the foot to the base of the perithecium. These cells are black on the anterior side and gradually paler on the ventral; because the width of blackish area remains almost constant along the axis, the lower and more slender cells are entirely black, while the upper, larger cells are almost hyaline on the dorsal side. Appendages one-sided, slender and stiff, gradually longer and more numerous from below upwards, the shorter ones almost entirely blackish brown, the longest with a distinctly curved and paler tip. Antheridial appendages paired to the sterile appendages in the upper portion of the axis, dark brown colored, consisting of a short lower cell and terminated by a long and slender antheridium. Perithecium born on a very short and almost hyaline stalk, light brown, oblong, slightly asymmetrical, the anterior side straight to slightly concave, the posterior convex, the wall cells slightly spiral, the tip rather abruptly differentiated and much darker, the apex rounded and almost hyaline. Length from foot to perithecial apex 560 – 800 μm; perithecium (including basal cells) 175 – 200 × 35 – 45 μm; antheridia 30 – 39 μm. longest appendages 205 μm; Type: — SIERRA LEONE, Southern Province, Gola Rainforest National Park near Nemahugoima, 31. I – 3. II. 2012, W. Rossi, on an undescribed species of Tracypum (Staphylinidae, Paederinae, Paederini, Cryptobiina) (FI 3685). Seven mature and 4 immature thalli were examined. Comments: — Among the described species of Rhachomyces, the one most similar to R. carbonii is R. abusculus Thaxt., parasitic on an unidentified rove-beetle “ allied to Lathrobium ” from Liberia (Thaxter 1896). The two species have a similar habitus, but R. abusculus has shorter appendages with a different apex, cells of the receptacle much less pigmented and not strongly different in size, the perithecium spindle-shaped regularly tapering to the apex without any abrupt constriction.	en	Rossi, Walter, Leonardi, Marco (2018): New species and new records of Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota) from Sierra Leone. Phytotaxa 358 (2): 91-116, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1
03A087FEDC20C12310CB78DCFFD68DBC.taxon	description	New record from Sierra Leone. Southern Province, Gola Rainforest National Park, near Sileti Camp, 29. I. 2013, W. Rossi, on the distal portion of the right elytra of Laccophilus leonensis.	en	Rossi, Walter, Leonardi, Marco (2018): New species and new records of Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota) from Sierra Leone. Phytotaxa 358 (2): 91-116, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1
03A087FEDC20C12310CB78DCFFD68DBC.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Although Chitonomyces paradoxus is not only widespread but also quite common, it was never found in the African continent thus far.	en	Rossi, Walter, Leonardi, Marco (2018): New species and new records of Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota) from Sierra Leone. Phytotaxa 358 (2): 91-116, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1
03A087FEDC20C12310CB7998FB7A8EF0.taxon	description	New record from Sierra Leone. Southern Province, Gola Rainforest National Park, near Sileti Camp, 29. I. 2013, W. Rossi, on the distal spine of the right posterior tibia of Laccophilus leonensis.	en	Rossi, Walter, Leonardi, Marco (2018): New species and new records of Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota) from Sierra Leone. Phytotaxa 358 (2): 91-116, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1
03A087FEDC20C12310CB7998FB7A8EF0.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The new record from Sierra Leone is the first for Africa of this large and unmistakable species.	en	Rossi, Walter, Leonardi, Marco (2018): New species and new records of Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota) from Sierra Leone. Phytotaxa 358 (2): 91-116, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1
03A087FEDC20C12310CB7A10FCC98AC4.taxon	description	New record from Sierra Leone. Southern Province, Gola Rainforest National Park, near Sileti Camp, 29. I. 2013, W. Rossi, on the distal portion of the right elytra of Laccophilus leonensis.	en	Rossi, Walter, Leonardi, Marco (2018): New species and new records of Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota) from Sierra Leone. Phytotaxa 358 (2): 91-116, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1
03A087FEDC20C12310CB7A10FCC98AC4.taxon	discussion	Remarks. First record for the whole African continent. Corethromyces rostellatus Thaxter, Memoirs of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 16: 214, 1931 (Figure 3 f) Known distribution. This “ very striking species, ” as described by Thaxter (1931), is only known from the type series, which was found in Cameroon on Sepedophilus (as Conosoma) obesus (Boheman) (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). New record from Sierra Leone. Western Area, base of Picket Hill, on lignicolous mushrooms, 1. XI. 1995, W. Rossi, on the abdominal bristles of a few specimens of Sepedophilus sp. Remarks. On one of the host insects bearing Correthromyces rostellatus, were also found thalli of C. spectabilis Thaxt. and Stichomyces vesiculifer Thaxt. (see below).	en	Rossi, Walter, Leonardi, Marco (2018): New species and new records of Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota) from Sierra Leone. Phytotaxa 358 (2): 91-116, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1
03A087FEDC20C12210CB7E58FD328E29.taxon	description	New record from Sierra Leone. Western Area, Guma Valley, 30. X. 1991, W. Rossi, on distal portion of the elytra of Phyllobotricella cf. citrina Weise.	en	Rossi, Walter, Leonardi, Marco (2018): New species and new records of Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota) from Sierra Leone. Phytotaxa 358 (2): 91-116, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1
03A087FEDC20C12210CB7E58FD328E29.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The male thalli from Sierra Leone have paired antheridia on the upper cell of the receptacle, which is said to be a distinctive characteristic of Dimeromyces geminander. However, it is not easy to distinguish this species from D. alaucophorae Thaxt., a variable and widespread species parasitic on various genera of the Galerucinae reported from several tropical countries in Africa, Asia and Oceania (Balazuc 1988); among the numerous hosts of the latter species, there is also Diacantha robusta Weise, which is one of the hosts of Dimeromyces geminander. Thaxter (1924, p. 365) expressed his doubts in separating the two species.	en	Rossi, Walter, Leonardi, Marco (2018): New species and new records of Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota) from Sierra Leone. Phytotaxa 358 (2): 91-116, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1
03A087FEDC21C12210CB78A3FD678BED.taxon	description	New record from Sierra Leone. Southern Province, Gola Rainforest National Park, Nemahugoima village, 03. II. 2012, C. Belcastro & W. Rossi, on several specimens of an undescribed species of Cetonicola found under the elytra of a male and a female of Cyprolais aurata (Westwood) (Scarabaeidae, Cetoninae) collected by means of a light trap.	en	Rossi, Walter, Leonardi, Marco (2018): New species and new records of Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota) from Sierra Leone. Phytotaxa 358 (2): 91-116, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1
03A087FEDC21C12210CB78A3FD678BED.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Although reported only once during the more than one hundred years passed after its description, Dimeromyces muticus was quite frequent on the numerous mites found under the elytra of the “ flower beetle ” C. aurata. Dimorphomyces decipiens (Thaxt.) Thaxter, Memoirs of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 14: 325, 1924 (Figures 4 a and 4 b) Known distribution. Described (as Dimeromyces decipiens) on Eleusis sp. (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) from Cameroon and never reported since. New record from Sierra Leone. Eastern Province, Gola Rainforest National Park, near Lalehun, 20 – 23. XI. 2015, W. Rossi, near the apex of the abdomen of Eleusis sp. Remarks. First record of this fungus after its description.	en	Rossi, Walter, Leonardi, Marco (2018): New species and new records of Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota) from Sierra Leone. Phytotaxa 358 (2): 91-116, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1
03A087FEDC21C12210CB7DEFFD5C8AA9.taxon	description	New records from Sierra Leone. Northern Province, between the villages of Sinikoro and Kondembaia in the Loma Mts. area, 3. XII. 1984, W. Rossi, on the elytra and pronotum of Coelostomus longulus Bates; Eastern Province, Tama Forest Reserve, 15 – 16. V. 1991, W. Rossi, on C. complanatus Bates.	en	Rossi, Walter, Leonardi, Marco (2018): New species and new records of Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota) from Sierra Leone. Phytotaxa 358 (2): 91-116, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1
03A087FEDC21C12210CB7DEFFD5C8AA9.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The new records are the first for continental Africa.	en	Rossi, Walter, Leonardi, Marco (2018): New species and new records of Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota) from Sierra Leone. Phytotaxa 358 (2): 91-116, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1
03A087FEDC21C12010CB7F23FC1B8E9C.taxon	description	(Figures 4 c and 4 d) Known distribution. Described on Eleusis alutella Fauvel from Cameroon (Thaxter 1931) and subsequently recorded from Japan on E. coarctata Sharp (Sugiyama 1973). New record from Sierra Leone. Eastern Province, Gola Rainforest National Park, near Lalehun, 20 – 23. XI. 2015, W. Rossi, on various parts of the body of Eleusis sp.	en	Rossi, Walter, Leonardi, Marco (2018): New species and new records of Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota) from Sierra Leone. Phytotaxa 358 (2): 91-116, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1
03A087FEDC21C12010CB7F23FC1B8E9C.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The receptacle and the appendage of the thalli from Sierra Leone can be almost completely hyaline (Figure 4 c) or variably suffused with dark brown on the posterior margin (Figure 4 d), which makes meaningless the differences between K. alutellae and K. hyalinus. The latter was described on Eleusis humilis Erichson from Taiwan. The record of Kainomyces alutellae from Japan needs confirmation: in the picture given by Sugiyama (1973, Plate 18, Fig. 4) the cells of the receptacle seem to be divided by vertical septa, as in K. isomali; the same are undivided in K. alutellae. Laboulbenia bolamensis Spegazzini, Anales del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Buenos Aires 26: 501, 1915. Known distribution. Reported from Guinea-Bissau (type), India, Indonesia, Madagascar and Senegal on various species of Styphlomerus (Coleoptera, Carabidae) (Balazuc 1982). New record from Sierra Leone. Northern Province, near Bumbuna, 14 – 15. VI. 1987, W. Rossi, on Styphlomerus sp. Remarks. The finding of this parasite in Sierra Leone is not surprising because it was described from the nearby Guinea-Bissau on a similar host insect.	en	Rossi, Walter, Leonardi, Marco (2018): New species and new records of Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota) from Sierra Leone. Phytotaxa 358 (2): 91-116, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1
03A087FEDC23C12010CB7DE0FDA38AA8.taxon	description	New record from Sierra Leone. Western Area, Banga Farm near Sussex, 6. II. 2013, W. Rossi, on the elytra of a female specimen of Microschemus sp. (Carabidae, Panageini).	en	Rossi, Walter, Leonardi, Marco (2018): New species and new records of Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota) from Sierra Leone. Phytotaxa 358 (2): 91-116, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1
03A087FEDC23C12010CB7DE0FDA38AA8.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Although the type series was based on parasites occurring on different hosts, different countries and different continents, it was never reported again after its description.	en	Rossi, Walter, Leonardi, Marco (2018): New species and new records of Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota) from Sierra Leone. Phytotaxa 358 (2): 91-116, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1
03A087FEDC23C12010CB7F24FFCE88D8.taxon	description	New records from Sierra Leone. Western Area, swamp near Newton, I. 1977, W. Rossi, on unidentified Tachyini; Northern Province, Maforica, 2. II. 1980, W. Rossi, on unidentified Tachyini; Southern Province, Kangari Hills near Baomahun, 4. XI. 1991, W. Rossi, on the elytra of Tachyura sp.; Northern Province, banks of the Seli River near Kamenge, 9. II. 2013, W. Rossi, on the elytral margin of Tachyura sp. Southerm Province, Gola Rainforest National Park near Nemahugoima, 31. I 2012, W. Rossi, on the elytral margin of Tachyura sp.	en	Rossi, Walter, Leonardi, Marco (2018): New species and new records of Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota) from Sierra Leone. Phytotaxa 358 (2): 91-116, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1
03A087FEDC23C12010CB7F24FFCE88D8.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This parasite is quite common ad widespread in Sierra Leone, but the number of thalli occurring on host insects is usually very low.	en	Rossi, Walter, Leonardi, Marco (2018): New species and new records of Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota) from Sierra Leone. Phytotaxa 358 (2): 91-116, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1
03A087FEDC3CC13F10CB79A7FDB28E9D.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Described on Styphlomerus equestris (Dejean) (Coleoptera, Carabidae) from Ethiopia, subsequently reported from Tunisia on Brachynus barbarus Lucas and from Madagascar on Styphlomerus quadrimaculatus (Dejean) (Balazuc 1982). New record from Sierra Leone. Northern Province, Bumbuna, 13. XI. 1987, W. Rossi, on the elytra of Styphlomerus sp.	en	Rossi, Walter, Leonardi, Marco (2018): New species and new records of Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota) from Sierra Leone. Phytotaxa 358 (2): 91-116, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1
03A087FEDC3CC13F10CB79A7FDB28E9D.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The record from Tunisia needs confirmation: the thalli are said to be somewhat different from the type in having a hyaline cell II and numerous black branches (Colla 1926).	en	Rossi, Walter, Leonardi, Marco (2018): New species and new records of Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota) from Sierra Leone. Phytotaxa 358 (2): 91-116, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1
03A087FEDC3CC13F10CB7B3FFFBC8C05.taxon	description	New record from Sierra Leone. Southern Province, Tiwai Island, 23 – 25. X. 1989, W. Rossi, on the pronotum of Thyreopterus sp.	en	Rossi, Walter, Leonardi, Marco (2018): New species and new records of Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota) from Sierra Leone. Phytotaxa 358 (2): 91-116, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1
03A087FEDC3CC13F10CB7B3FFFBC8C05.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The thalli from Sierra Leone have a longer cell I and cell IV not distinctly bulging outwards, but these characteristics do not seem enough for separating them from the parasites described and illustrated by Thaxter (1908, Plate LIX, Figs. 25 – 26).	en	Rossi, Walter, Leonardi, Marco (2018): New species and new records of Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota) from Sierra Leone. Phytotaxa 358 (2): 91-116, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1
03A087FEDC3CC13F10CB7A57FDAA8B89.taxon	description	New record from Sierra Leone. Southern Province, Tiwai Island, 8 – 10. I. 1989, W. Rossi, on the pronotum of Morion guineense Imhoff.	en	Rossi, Walter, Leonardi, Marco (2018): New species and new records of Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota) from Sierra Leone. Phytotaxa 358 (2): 91-116, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1
03A087FEDC3CC13F10CB7A57FDAA8B89.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The thalli from Sierra Leone are quite large and can reach the height of 880 μm. Sugiyama and Panichapol (1984) reported Laboulbenia morionis on Morion sp. from Thailand, but their figure 7 E clearly illustrates another species, likely related to L. papuana Thaxt.	en	Rossi, Walter, Leonardi, Marco (2018): New species and new records of Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota) from Sierra Leone. Phytotaxa 358 (2): 91-116, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1
03A087FEDC3CC13F10CB7FF7FFC98769.taxon	description	New record from Sierra Leone. Eastern Province, Gola Rainforest National Park near Lalehun, 4. I. 1989, W. Rossi, on the posterior margin of left elytron of Clivina (Leucocara) cf. interstitialis Dejean.	en	Rossi, Walter, Leonardi, Marco (2018): New species and new records of Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota) from Sierra Leone. Phytotaxa 358 (2): 91-116, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1
03A087FEDC3CC13F10CB7FF7FFC98769.taxon	discussion	Remarks. In the thalli from Sierra Leone the perithecium is free on its dorsal side for about half of its length, while the same is almost entirely joined to the cells of the receptacle in the American thalli (Thaxter 1896, Plate XXI, Figs. 13 & 14; Proaño Castro & Rossi 2008, Fig. 9). More abundant material is needed for correctly interpreting the taxonomic value of this feature.	en	Rossi, Walter, Leonardi, Marco (2018): New species and new records of Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota) from Sierra Leone. Phytotaxa 358 (2): 91-116, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1
03A087FEDC3EC13D10CB7998FFDC8EF0.taxon	description	New record from Sierra Leone. Eastern Province, Gola Rainforest National Park near Lalehun, 20 – 23. XI. 2015, W. Rossi, on the pronotum of Liagonum sp. (Carabidae, Platynini).	en	Rossi, Walter, Leonardi, Marco (2018): New species and new records of Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota) from Sierra Leone. Phytotaxa 358 (2): 91-116, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1
03A087FEDC3EC13D10CB7998FFDC8EF0.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The record from Sierra Leone, which is the first after the description of the species, is represented by a single large thallus 675 μm long.	en	Rossi, Walter, Leonardi, Marco (2018): New species and new records of Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota) from Sierra Leone. Phytotaxa 358 (2): 91-116, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1
03A087FEDC3EC13D10CB7DA8FC8C8AE0.taxon	description	New record from Sierra Leone. Northern Province, near Bumbuna, along the road to Binkolo, 14. XII. 1992, W. Rossi, on a few specimens of C. philippinensis collected on flowers of Dissotis sp. (Melastomataceae).	en	Rossi, Walter, Leonardi, Marco (2018): New species and new records of Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota) from Sierra Leone. Phytotaxa 358 (2): 91-116, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1
03A087FEDC3EC13D10CB7DA8FC8C8AE0.taxon	discussion	Remarks. In the original description the fungus is said to be almost hyaline, but in the thalli from Sierra Leone the perithecium turns to reddish brown with age.	en	Rossi, Walter, Leonardi, Marco (2018): New species and new records of Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota) from Sierra Leone. Phytotaxa 358 (2): 91-116, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1
03A087FEDC3FC13C10CB7833FD9F8D01.taxon	description	New record from Sierra Leone. Western Area, swamp near Hamilton, 8 ° 22 ’ 31 ” N, 13 ° 15 ’ 10 ” W, 29. X. 1995, W. Rossi, on the elytra of an unidentified rove beetle.	en	Rossi, Walter, Leonardi, Marco (2018): New species and new records of Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota) from Sierra Leone. Phytotaxa 358 (2): 91-116, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1
03A087FEDC3FC13C10CB7833FD9F8D01.taxon	discussion	Remarks. To date, this fungus was known only from the type series, therefore the new record is the first for the African continent. Despite the large geographical gap, the African thalli are identical with the Asian ones and display the same variability as to their length, which ranges from 265 to 510 μm.	en	Rossi, Walter, Leonardi, Marco (2018): New species and new records of Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota) from Sierra Leone. Phytotaxa 358 (2): 91-116, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1
03A087FEDC3FC13C10CB7B4BFD3E891D.taxon	distribution	Distribution. This fungus was described on Tritoma fasciata Chûjô (Erotylidae) from Taiwan and subsequently reported from Japan on Spondotriplax inornata Shibata, from Papua New Guinea on Neothallis xanthosticta (Crotch), and from Indonesia on an unidentified Erotylidae (Weir 1998). New record from Sierra Leone. Northern Province, between the villages of Sinikoro and Kondembaia in the Loma Mts. area, 3. XII. 1984, W. Rossi, on a few specimens of Neomycotretus anthracinus Gorham (Erotylidaeae).	en	Rossi, Walter, Leonardi, Marco (2018): New species and new records of Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota) from Sierra Leone. Phytotaxa 358 (2): 91-116, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1
03A087FEDC3FC13C10CB7B4BFD3E891D.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The thalli from Sierra Leone do not differ from those reported from Asia and Oceania despite the distance from previous records and the different host. Stichomyces vesiculifer Thaxter, Memoirs of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 16: 249, 1931 (Figures 5 d and 5 e) Known distribution. Described on Sephedophilus obesus from Cameroon and never reported since. New records from Sierra Leone. Southern Province, Tiwai Island, 8 – 10. I. 1989, W. Rossi, on Sepedophilus sp. Western Area, base of Picket Hill, 1. XI. 1995, W. Rossi, relatively abundant on various specimens of Sepedophilus sp. occurring on lignicolous mushrooms. Remarks. The length from the foot to the perithecial apex of the thalli from Sierra Leone ranges from 140 to 370 μm and the distinguishing vesicular cells associated with the branches of the appendage can be very numerous or entirely absent. Tavares (1985) transferred Stichomyces vesiculifer to the genus Corethromyces Thaxt. However, the numerous and quite variable thalli collected in Sierra Leone do not support this move. In mature specimens cell VII is large (sometimes larger than cell VI), bringing the perithecium in an upright position and displacing laterally the primary appendage (Figure 5 d), but in a few thalli cell II bears two perithecia symmetrically on opposite sides; in these fungi the appendage is erect and indistinguishable from the receptacle (Figure 3 e). These two latter features are considered distinguishing characters of the genus Stichomyces. Both Thaxter (1931, p. 247) and Tavares (1985, p. 322) pointed out that the Corethromyces and Stichomyces are closely related genera; this topic deserves a careful review.	en	Rossi, Walter, Leonardi, Marco (2018): New species and new records of Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota) from Sierra Leone. Phytotaxa 358 (2): 91-116, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1
03A087FEDC38C13B10CB7998FF7B8D5C.taxon	description	New records from Sierra Leone. Western Area, swamp with brackish water near Pendembu, 05. IV. 1966, W. Rossi, on the tergites of Tinophilus indigenus. Northern Province, near Bumbuna, small swamp along the road to Binkolo, 07. IV. 1996, W. Rossi, on the tergites of Thinophilus sp. Additional records. OMAN, Shimass, at light in mangrove swamp, 24 ° 43 ’ N, 56 ° 28 ’ E, 09. VI. 1994, M. D. Gallagher, on the tergites of Thinophilus sp.	en	Rossi, Walter, Leonardi, Marco (2018): New species and new records of Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota) from Sierra Leone. Phytotaxa 358 (2): 91-116, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1
03A087FEDC38C13B10CB7998FF7B8D5C.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The thalli from Oman differ from those of the type series in having the perithecial venter with a roughened surface.	en	Rossi, Walter, Leonardi, Marco (2018): New species and new records of Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota) from Sierra Leone. Phytotaxa 358 (2): 91-116, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1
03A087FEDC38C13B10CB7B7EFB518C77.taxon	description	New record from Sierra Leone. Northern Province, temporary swamp S to Bumbuna, 12. III. 1993, W. Rossi, on the mesonotum of Lispe desjardinsii Macquart (Muscidae).	en	Rossi, Walter, Leonardi, Marco (2018): New species and new records of Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota) from Sierra Leone. Phytotaxa 358 (2): 91-116, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1
03A087FEDC38C13B10CB7B7EFB518C77.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The surface of the venter of the perithecium of the thalli from Sierra Leone is distinctly granular.	en	Rossi, Walter, Leonardi, Marco (2018): New species and new records of Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota) from Sierra Leone. Phytotaxa 358 (2): 91-116, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1
03A087FEDC38C13B10CB7A58FD0D8B9C.taxon	description	New record from Sierra Leone. Western Area, Regent, 12 – 20. II. 1994, W. Rossi, on anterior left femur of Rachispoda mycophora Munari.	en	Rossi, Walter, Leonardi, Marco (2018): New species and new records of Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota) from Sierra Leone. Phytotaxa 358 (2): 91-116, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1
03A087FEDC38C13B10CB7A58FD0D8B9C.taxon	materials_examined	Additional material examined. CANADA, British Columbia, Vancouver, Jericho Park, 1. VIII. 1994, W. Rossi, on the abdomen of Rachispoda cf. suberecta (Sabrosky). KENYA, Mt. Kenya, on rotting leaves of Senecio brassica, 10. XII. 1985, W. Rossi, on Limosina cf. kenyaca Richards.	en	Rossi, Walter, Leonardi, Marco (2018): New species and new records of Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota) from Sierra Leone. Phytotaxa 358 (2): 91-116, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1
03A087FEDC38C13B10CB7A58FD0D8B9C.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The new records from Sierra Leone and Kenya are the first for the African continent. The thalli from Sierra Leone are quite elongate and reach 590 μm in length.	en	Rossi, Walter, Leonardi, Marco (2018): New species and new records of Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota) from Sierra Leone. Phytotaxa 358 (2): 91-116, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1
03A087FEDC38C13B10CB7C3EFA3F897C.taxon	description	New record from Sierra Leone. Eastern Province, Gola Rainforest National Park, near Lalehun, 20 – 23. XI. 2015, W. Rossi, on posterior coxae and sternites of Paralimna pseudornata Canzoneri (Diptera Ephydridae).	en	Rossi, Walter, Leonardi, Marco (2018): New species and new records of Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota) from Sierra Leone. Phytotaxa 358 (2): 91-116, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1
03A087FEDC38C13B10CB7C3EFA3F897C.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The thalli from Sierra Leone are shorter than the ones from Cameroon because of a shorter receptacle. Paralimna pseudornata is a dark shore-fly (Ephydridae) bearing mottled brown wings: it is therefore possible that the host insect of the type series belongs to this same species or a closely related one.	en	Rossi, Walter, Leonardi, Marco (2018): New species and new records of Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota) from Sierra Leone. Phytotaxa 358 (2): 91-116, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1
03A087FEDC38C13B10CB7F5EFD3F8817.taxon	description	New record from Sierra Leone. Western Area, Regent, 6 – 7. III. 1992, W. Rossi, on legs of Hebrus sp.	en	Rossi, Walter, Leonardi, Marco (2018): New species and new records of Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota) from Sierra Leone. Phytotaxa 358 (2): 91-116, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1
03A087FEDC38C13B10CB7F5EFD3F8817.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The record from Sierra Leone is the first for continental Africa and partially fills the huge geographical gap between the Mediterranean countries and Madagascar.	en	Rossi, Walter, Leonardi, Marco (2018): New species and new records of Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota) from Sierra Leone. Phytotaxa 358 (2): 91-116, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1
03A087FEDC38C13A10CB7EB8FCDC8E60.taxon	description	New record from Sierra Leone. Southern Province, Kangari Hills near Baomahun, 4. XI. 1991, W. Rossi, on the cerci of G. africana.	en	Rossi, Walter, Leonardi, Marco (2018): New species and new records of Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota) from Sierra Leone. Phytotaxa 358 (2): 91-116, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1
03A087FEDC38C13A10CB7EB8FCDC8E60.taxon	discussion	Remarks. As mentioned by Try et al. (2017), Gryllotalpa africana is not present in Asia although this name was utilized for a long time also for the Asian mole crickets.	en	Rossi, Walter, Leonardi, Marco (2018): New species and new records of Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota) from Sierra Leone. Phytotaxa 358 (2): 91-116, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1
03A087FEDC39C13A10CB786CFBB78DBC.taxon	description	New records from Sierra Leone. Northern Province, near the village of Kondembaia in the Loma Mts. area, 29. XI. 1983, W. Rossi, on various parts of the abdomen, both on the ventral and the dorsal sides, and also on the wings of G. africana; Southern Province, Kangari Hills near Baomahun, 4. XI. 1991, W. Rossi, on the ventral side of the abdomen of G. africana; Southern Province, Gola Rainforest National Park, near Sileti camp, 7. V. 2014, C. Belcastro, on the ventral side of the abdomen of G. africana.	en	Rossi, Walter, Leonardi, Marco (2018): New species and new records of Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota) from Sierra Leone. Phytotaxa 358 (2): 91-116, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1
03A087FEDC39C13A10CB786CFBB78DBC.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Tettigomyce africanus is quite similar to T. vulgaris Thaxt. The parasites from Sierra Leone have been identified as T. africanus because of the inner (dorsal) marginal cells of the perithecium larger and more prominent than the outer ones, the conformation of the perithecial tip, and the small but persistent terminal spine of the appendage.	en	Rossi, Walter, Leonardi, Marco (2018): New species and new records of Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota) from Sierra Leone. Phytotaxa 358 (2): 91-116, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1
03A087FEDC39C13A10CB7A10FC028B88.taxon	description	New records from Sierra Leone. Southern Province, Kangari Hills near Baomahun, 4. XI. 1991, W. Rossi, on the left side of the distal portion of the abdomen of G. africana; Southern Province Gola Rainforest National Park, near Sileti camp, 7. V. 2014, C. Belcastro, on the right side of the distal portion of the abdomen of G. africana.	en	Rossi, Walter, Leonardi, Marco (2018): New species and new records of Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota) from Sierra Leone. Phytotaxa 358 (2): 91-116, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1
03A087FEDC39C13A10CB7A10FC028B88.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The largest thallus from Sierra Leone have a maximum length of 1,290 μm, with the receptacle consisting of 44 cells below the perithecium. A dark-brown area around the foot of the parasitic fungi was observed on the integument of the host insect from the Kangari Hills. Where the fungi were growing near each other, the dark areas were fused, forming larger, dark patches of apparently necrotic tissue.	en	Rossi, Walter, Leonardi, Marco (2018): New species and new records of Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota) from Sierra Leone. Phytotaxa 358 (2): 91-116, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1
03A087FEDC39C13A10CB7DC4FF5A891C.taxon	description	New records from Sierra Leone. Northern Province, near the village of Kondembaia in the Loma Mts. area, 29. XI. 1983, W. Rossi, on the hairs of the abdominal appendages, of the ventral portion of the abdomen and of the basal portion of median legs of G. africana; Southern Province, Kangari Hills near Baomahun, 4. XI. 1991, W. Rossi, on the hairs of the ventral portion of the abdomen of G. africana.	en	Rossi, Walter, Leonardi, Marco (2018): New species and new records of Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota) from Sierra Leone. Phytotaxa 358 (2): 91-116, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1
03A087FEDC39C13A10CB7DC4FF5A891C.taxon	discussion	Remarks. First record for Africa. Tettigomyces indicus was found on different parts of the body of the host insect, but only on thin hairs.	en	Rossi, Walter, Leonardi, Marco (2018): New species and new records of Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota) from Sierra Leone. Phytotaxa 358 (2): 91-116, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1
03A087FEDC39C13A10CB7FB0FAF78884.taxon	description	New record from Sierra Leone. Southern Province, Gola Rainforest National Park, near Sileti camp, 7. V. 2014, C. Belcastro, on the ventral side of the abdomen near the tip of G. africana.	en	Rossi, Walter, Leonardi, Marco (2018): New species and new records of Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota) from Sierra Leone. Phytotaxa 358 (2): 91-116, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1
03A087FEDC39C13A10CB7FB0FAF78884.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The thalli identified as Tettigomyces intermedius are about half millimeter long, have a small appendage soon disorganized, and the perithecial wall cells not prominent. These features are consistent with the original description of the species, which was reported by Thaxter as the “ least well defined ” of the group.	en	Rossi, Walter, Leonardi, Marco (2018): New species and new records of Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota) from Sierra Leone. Phytotaxa 358 (2): 91-116, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.1
