taxonID	type	description	language	source
03A07377FFC9FFB9FF65F940FF482A89.taxon	materials_examined	In the protologue of Musa splendida, Chevalier (1934) cites “ Vietnam, Haut-Tonkin: Muong-Xen, à 700 m elev., sur la route de Laokay à Chapa, en fleurs et fruits, 4 Déc. 1913; une des plantes les plus caractéristiques de la brousse de cette région ”, but no type was designated and he provided no illustrations of the taxon. According to Stafleu & Cowan (1976), “ the material used by Chevalier to describe his new species may be housed in P and PC (currently known as P) at the Muséum national d’histoire naturelle (MNHN) in Paris ”, but Häkkinen and Väre (2008) indicated that the original material could not be found there. During a recent visit to the Paris herbarium in June 2008, Markku Häkkinen examined material of M. splendida, including some collections made at sites close to the type locality by the French botanist E. Poilane. One of these specimens, Poilane 24969 (P 00742069!), was annotated by Häkkinen on 23 June 2008 as a “ neotype ”, although this designation does not appear to have been published. During the recent renovation of the whole Paris herbarium collection, we located a sheet of an unidentified specimen of Musaceae (P 01767056!) whose label data matches Chevalier’s original description of Musa splendida. This specimen consists of a single inflorescence and a handwritten label in the lower left on which appears: “ bananier sauvage, Tokin: Muong-Xen (province de Lao-Key) 4 Déc. 1913, coll. Aug. Chevalier ”. The inflorescence is spindly and distally obliquely curved, it bears a male bud with imbricate bracts and male flowers arranged in a single row, along with three young fruit hands with young triangular-lanceolate and pendulous fruits, and it has a specimen packet containing stamens and flowers with 5 - lobed, compound tepals with two larger lateral lobes and 3 - smaller inner lobes, all of which matching very well with the original description (Figure 1). There remains little doubt that this specimen was used by Chevalier to describe M. splendida and thus constitutes the lectotype (( McNeill et al. 2012: Arts. 9.2, 9.11, 9.13). According to the article 9.19 of the ICN (McNeill et al. 2012), its discovery thus precludes the need to designate a neotype. Finally, based on a careful review of the other specimens of Musa splendida at P, we have chosen to designate one of them as an epitype for this name, viz. Poilane 24969 (mounted on 2 sheets: P 00742068!, P 00742069!), which was collected close to the type locality. This collection is the most appropriate choice because it has a lanceolate leaf, lanceolate and imbricate bracts, flowers arranged in a single row, and mature fruits with seeds, all of which match the original description of M. splendida (McNeill et al. 2012: Arts. 9.8, 9.20). Moreover, in the original description, M. splendida is indicated as having leaves with a lanceolate lamina, a short upright inflorescence that is then arched, with a finely pubescent rachis, male buds with strongly imbricate bracts, a fruiting peduncle that is pubescent and pendant at first, then curving upwards, and mature fruits, although no description is provided of the seeds. However, the available material of M. splendida at P and our recent field observations have shown that the lamina of the leaf is oblong-elliptic to oblong-lanceolate, the male inflorescence and fruiting peduncle remain erect and have a glabrous rachis, the bracts are imbricate to convolute, the fruit is always pendant, and the seeds are bell- or mushroom-shaped (Figure 2 – 3). Based on this additional information, an emended description of M. splendida with a colour plate (Figure 3) is provided below.	en	Lý, Ng ọc-Sâm, Lowry Ii, Porter P., Haevermans, Thomas (2018): Typification and an emended description of Musa splendida (Musaceae). Phytotaxa 351 (4): 281-288, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.351.4.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.351.4.4
03A07377FFCFFFB8FF65FB41FCB62EE1.taxon	description	Epitype (designated here): — VIETNAM. Haut-Tonkin: de Laokay Province, Phu Lu, 6 December 1935, M. Poilane 24969 (P, mounted on 2 sheets: P 00742068!, P 00742069!). (Figure 2 A, B). Plant growing as an isolated stem or clump-forming, slender, suckering freely (up to 8 suckers) and spreading in different directions, arising about 20 – 40 cm from the base of the parent plant, up to 150 cm, oriented vertically; sucker leaves mostly auriculate at base, without blotches on leaves of water suckers. Mature pseudostem 259 – 373 cm tall, 14 – 18 cm in diam. at base, dark-purple green to black-green, shiny, predominantly light green with purple pigmentation, without wax, sap milky. Leaf habit semi-erect; petiole 37 – 87 cm, green, with sparse black purple blotches at base, petiole canal wide with erect margins, winged and clasping the pseudostem, petiole margins with red purple lines, 7 – 12 mm in width, quickly scarious. Lamina oblong-elliptic to oblong-lanceolate, 152 – 220 × 45 – 69 cm, narrowing gradually toward both ends, adaxial surface dark green and shiny, abaxial surface green and dull, no visible sign of wax on either surface, lamina moderately / strongly corrugated; midrib green on dorsal surface, light green to purplish-green on ventral surface; insertion point of leaf base asymmetric, rounded on both sides, apex truncate with age; last foliage leaf with orange-red petiole. Inflorescence erect; peduncle 24 – 30 cm, 3.5 – 5.2 cm in diam., light green, glabrous or slightly pubescent; sterile bracts usually 2, ca. 29 × 8.5 cm, lanceolate, bright red to orange-red with a green leaf-like tip, quickly deciduous. Female bud somewhat ovoid-lanceolate, 24 – 28.5 × 13.7 – 14 cm; female bracts ovate-lanceolate to ovate, 16.7 – 19 × 7.3 – 7.5 cm, inner ones smaller, lifting one bract at a time to 45 °, slightly grooved, lacking wax, not imbricate, base forming a small shoulder, margin not revolute, apex rounded, tip yellow to green-yellow tinted, not revolute, externally bright red to orange-red on one or both surfaces, the colour not fading towards the base of the bract. Basal flowers female, borne in 10 to 12 female hands; female flowers 3 to 6 per bract, usually 5, arranged in a row, (7.9 –) 10 – 11.5 cm long, cylindrical, glabrous; compound tepal oblong-lanceolate, 3.9 – 5.5 × 1.8 – 3.6 cm, orange-yellow with reddish pigmentation, apex with 5 triangular lobes, tips green; the lateral lobes 2 – 3.5 × 2 – 4 mm, with a short spike-like dorsal appendage, 0.5 – 3.5 mm long, the 3 central lobes shorter, 1 – 2.5 × 1 – 3 mm, without an appendage; free tepal nearly as long as the compound tepal, oblong lanceolate, 4.2 – 5.5 × 0.8 – 1.3 cm, yellow, dorsally thickened, closely appressed to the stigma, margin entire and hyaline, apex rounded; stamens 5, infertile, lanceolate, short, 1 – 2.4 × 0.15 – 0.3 cm, pale yellow, inserted at the base of the style; style straight, 2.9 – 3.7 × 0.2 – 0.35 cm, inserted into the perianth, pale yellow; stigma clavate, 13 – 16 × 5.3 – 6.5 mm at broadest part, orange; ovary straight, 4.2 – 5.7 (– 9) × 0.9 – 1.6 cm at broadest part, bright yellow, with no other pigmentation, smooth, waxy, 3 - locular, each locule containing ovules borne in two rows; pedicel almost indistinguishable from ovary. Male peduncle in older flowers erect, 35 – 50 × 3 – 3.5 cm, glaucous green to yellow-green, bare with strongly prominent bract scars, glabrous; male bud ovoid to ovoid-lanceolate, 9 – 22.5 × 8 – 13.5 cm, bracts imbricate to convolute at the tip; male bract ovate to oblongovate, 11.1 – 109.2 × 5.9 – 12.2 cm, slightly grooved, lifting one bract at a time to 45 °, lacking wax, quickly deciduous, base forming a small shoulder, margin not revolute, apex slightly pointed, tip yellow to green-yellow tinted, bright red to orange-red on both surfaces, the color fading to yellow towards the base. Male flowers 5 to 8 per bract, arranged in a row, 6.1 – 7.1 cm long; compound tepals oblong-lanceolate, 4.9 – 6.4 × 1.6 – 2.8 cm long, orange-yellow with reddish pigmentation, lobes 5, each with a triangular apical tooth, tip green; the 2 lateral lobes 1.5 – 3.5 × 2 – 4 mm, with a short spike-like dorsal appendage 0.5 – 1 mm long, the 3 central lobes shorter, 1 – 2.5 × 1 – 2.5 mm, without an appendage; male free tepal exserted, oblong-lanceolate, 5.2 – 6.2 × 0.7 – 1.3 cm, orange-yellow, thickened, smooth, margins hyaline, apex rounded; stamens 5 nearly as long as the compound tepal but not exserted; filaments oblanceolate, 26 – 39 × 0.9 – 1.5 mm, yellowish; anthers lanceolate, 15 – 24 × 1 – 2 mm, yellow; pollen white; style straight, held and at the same level as the stamens, 43 – 59 × ca. 0.5, yellow, with no other pigmentation; stigma clavate, 5 – 8 × 3 – 5 mm, orange; ovary very short, 0.4 – 0.9 × 0.4 – 0.8 mm, yellow, with other no pigmentation, bearing some wax, glabrous. Fruiting peduncle to 35 cm, 4 – 5.5 cm in diam, green, glabrous. Fruit bunch cylindrical, compact, with 5 to 12 hands, 3 to 5 (or 6) fruits per hand, arranged in a row, fingers orientated pendant to the stalk with age; mature fruits obloid, sometime obovoidobloid, 4 – 9 cm, 1.5 – 3.7 cm in diam., glaucous or silvery green, lacking of wax, straight, round in cross-section, apex blunt tipped or with a short point, bearing the persistent perianth, pulp white, with numerous seeds (ca. 20 to 45 per fruit); fruiting pedicels 2 – 3 × ca. 0.8 cm, glaucous green, glabrous; Seeds bell- or mushroom-shaped, 5.5 – 7 mm high, 6.5 – 9 mm in diam. at broadest part, brown, wrinkled, hilum 2 – 3 mm wide (Figure 3). Habitat and ecology: — Secondary evergreen to open forest, often scattered on steep hills and in open areas in forest or near streams at ca. 530 – 700 m elevation.	en	Lý, Ng ọc-Sâm, Lowry Ii, Porter P., Haevermans, Thomas (2018): Typification and an emended description of Musa splendida (Musaceae). Phytotaxa 351 (4): 281-288, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.351.4.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.351.4.4
03A07377FFCFFFB8FF65FB41FCB62EE1.taxon	distribution	Distribution: — Vietnam (Cao B ằng, Lai Châu, and Lào Cai provinces). Vernacular names and uses: — Chu ối gai, Chu ối r ừng hoa đ ỏ. Young pseudostems of Musa splendida are used as vegetables and as pig fodder. The cut inflorescence is used for decorative purposes by local people. Additional specimens examined: — VIETNAM. Cao B ằng Province, Hòa An District, B ạch Đ ằng Commune, B ản Na Luôn, 22 ° 35 ’ 16 ” N, 106 ° 08 ’ 56 ” E, 390 m elev., 14 November 2008, T. Haevermans, N. S. Lý, T. D. Tri ệu, C. K. Lê & M. Häkkinen, TH 500 (H, P, VNM), TH 501 (P, VNM), TH 503 (MO, P, VNM), TH 504 (P, VNM); Nguyên Bình District, Pioac Nature Reserve, 22 ° 39 ’ 49 ” N, 106 ° 04 ’ 17 ” E, 531 m elev., 16 November 2008, T. Haevermans, N. S. Lý, T. D. Tri ệu, C. K. Lê & M. Häkkinen, TH 506 (H, P, VNM); ibidem, 22 ° 39 ’ 42 ” N, 106 ° 03 ’ 41 ” E, 529 m elev., 16 November 2008, T. Haevermans, N. S. Lý, T. D. Tri ệu, C. K. Lê & M. Häkkinen, TH 507 (P, VNM); Lai Châu Province (formed Lào Cai), Tonkin, entre Phong Th ổ et Ye Yen Sim, 2 December 1937, E. Poilane 26702 (P: P 02234674, P 02234675, P 02234676, P 02234677, P 02234678); Lào Cai Province (formed Lào Kay), Sapa District, Trung Ch ải Commune, along road from Lào Cai City to Sapa, ca. 20 km to NE of Sapa Town, 22 ° 25 ’ 06 ” N, 103 ° 54 ’ 35 ” E, 697 m elev., 9 November 2008, T. Haevermans, N. S. Lý, T. D. Tri ệu, C. K. Lê & M. Häkkinen, TH 481 (H, P, VNM); ibidem, B ản H ồ Commune, along road from Sapa Town to B ản H ồ Village, 22 ° 25 ’ 37 ” N, 103 ° 55 ’ 06 ” E, 667 m elev., 10 November 2008, T. Haevermans, N. S. Lý, T. D. Tri ệu, C. K. Lê & M. Häkkinen, TH 484 (P, VNM); ibidem, Tonkin: Ph ố Lu province de Lào Cai, 10 ii 1936, E. Poilane 25233 (P: P 02234654, P 02234655, P 02234656); ibidem, Tonkin: B ảo Nhai et Pakha, province de Lào Kay, 10 xii 1935, E. Poilane 25025 (P: P 02234657, P 02234658); Tonkin: Pakha, province de Lao Khai, 10 xii 1935, E. Poilane 25043 (P: P 01767054); Văn B ản District, Nam Xe municipality, nearly road between Nam Xe Village and Khau Co Pass, 22 ° 02 ’ 26 ” N, 103 ° 59 ’. 21 ” E, D. K. Harder et al. 6839 (MO); ibidem, 22 ° 01 ’ 56 ” N, 103 ° 59 ’. 46 ” E, D. K. Harder et al. 6848 (MO). N otes: — Musa splendida resembles M. viridis Valmayor, Danh & Häkkinen (2004: 115), but differs in having leaves whose lamina has a base that is rounded on both sides (vs. cuneate in M. viridis) and bracts that are orange-red to bright red and imbricate (vs. pinkish-lilac and convolute).	en	Lý, Ng ọc-Sâm, Lowry Ii, Porter P., Haevermans, Thomas (2018): Typification and an emended description of Musa splendida (Musaceae). Phytotaxa 351 (4): 281-288, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.351.4.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.351.4.4
