taxonID	type	description	language	source
03A1878453216259FF6BF974FA09FEAA.taxon	description	The Cestoda is a relatively large, diverse group of parasites (c. 8,000 species), almost all of which are found parasitic in the intestine of different groups of vertebrates. They lack a gut and absorb nutrients through their surface layer. The majority are long, tape-like and segmented, with a complete set of reproductive organs in each segment. They anchor themselves to the intestinal wall of their host using an array of different attachment organs (hooks, suckers, etc.).	en	Santos, Cláudia Portes, Gibson, David I. (2015): Checklist of the Helminth Parasites of South American Bats. Zootaxa 3937 (3): 471-499, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3937.3.3
03A1878453226258FF6BFAD5FA0EFDB6.taxon	description	The Trematoda is a large class of 15,000 – 20,000 parasitic species which utilize all of the major vertebrate groups as hosts. The vast majority belong to the subclass Digenea, the members of which are characterised by having multiple generations (usually three) within their life-cycle, i. e. two asexual generations which mature in a molluscan host and one sexual generation which occurs within a vertebrate host. In terms of morphology, life-cycle and site, the group is very plastic, although this is not the case for individual lower taxa. Digeneans are usually parasites of the alimentary canal of their host, usually have a blind intestine and usually attach to the host using two (sometimes one) suckers. Transmission to the vertebrate host is usually by the direct penetration of a larval stage (the cercariae) or, more often, by the ingestion of an encysted larval stage (the metacercaria) with the host’s food, e. g. within an intermediate host.	en	Santos, Cláudia Portes, Gibson, David I. (2015): Checklist of the Helminth Parasites of South American Bats. Zootaxa 3937 (3): 471-499, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3937.3.3
03A1878453236258FF6BFD89FB8CFC04.taxon	description	The life-cycle of anenterotrematids is not known, but, judging by related digenean groups, the bats acquire the parasite by the ingestion of arthropods infected with the metacercarial stage. All digeneans utilize molluscs as first intermediate hosts.	en	Santos, Cláudia Portes, Gibson, David I. (2015): Checklist of the Helminth Parasites of South American Bats. Zootaxa 3937 (3): 471-499, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3937.3.3
03A18784532C6256FF6BFA16FC7AFE23.taxon	discussion	The phaneropsolids are closely related to the lecithodendriids, from which they are often difficult to distinguish based on morphology. Together they form the major group of bat parasites. The synonymies indicated are based on Lotz & Font (2008 b).	en	Santos, Cláudia Portes, Gibson, David I. (2015): Checklist of the Helminth Parasites of South American Bats. Zootaxa 3937 (3): 471-499, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3937.3.3
03A18784532C6256FF6BFA16FC7AFE23.taxon	description	Bats become infected by ingesting insects harbouring the encysted metacercarial stage.	en	Santos, Cláudia Portes, Gibson, David I. (2015): Checklist of the Helminth Parasites of South American Bats. Zootaxa 3937 (3): 471-499, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3937.3.3
