taxonID	type	description	language	source
03A1879D635BFFC7FF13FF10FE9E4649.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — Monotes africanus (De Candolle 1868: 624). Shrubs or medium-sized trees; bole without buttresses. Leaves rounded to emarginate or sometimes acuminate at the apex, with an extra-floral nectary at the base of the midrib above, indumentum of simple, fasciculate or stellate hairs that are straight, curved or coiled, and with additional spherical glandular hairs; venation generally densely reticulate beneath. Inflorescence of axillary cymes, sometimes grouped into axillary or terminal thyrses. Flower with sepals velvety or wholly tomentose outside and petals sericeous or velvety tomentose outside; flower bud generally ovoid; receptacle without androgynophore; stamens numerous, anthers short, connective generally with a short triangular to long ovate appendage or rarely only with a minute appendage; ovary hairy, completely (2) 3 - to 5 - locular, with 2 ovules per locule; style 1, with 3 or 5 short stigmas. Fruit an achene, ± globose, with a thick and tough wall, surrounded by 5 subequal wings derived from the accrescent sepals, with fasciculate hairs. A genus of about 20 species occurring throughout tropical Africa and in Madagascar, with its center of diversity in the Zambezian regional center of endemism (White 1983).	en	Meerts, Pierre, Rougelot, Quentin, Sosef, Marc (2017): Revision of the genus Monotes (Dipterocarpaceae) in D. R. Congo, with implications for Angola and its distinction from Marquesia. Phytotaxa 308 (2): 151-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1
03A1879D6355FFC9FF13FC51F9154228.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — TANZANIA. Ugogo, Pori, Pa-Kabombue, in trockener Steppe, Böhm 31 a (holo-: B †; photo: BM!, BRLU!, K!). Small tree up to 8 m (?); branchlets brownish, tomentellose. Leaf: petiole 10 – 30 mm long, 2 – 3 mm in diameter; blade rounded to shortly ovate, more rarely broadly ovate-elliptic, with length to width ratio typically <1.5, truncate to slightly cordate at the base, rounded, truncate to slightly emarginate at the apex, 6 – 16 (– 19) × 4 – 13 (– 15.5) cm, concolorous or discolorous; secondary nerves 9 – 11 (– 13) pairs; upper surface ± scaberulous, reticulate, with hairs fasciculate and simple, (0.15 –) 0.2 – 0.7 mm long, clearly discernible by touch (surface harsh or roughish), developed on cushion-like emergences of the leaf blade, sometimes only sparsely pilose and glabrescent; secondary nerves above without glands at the axils, reticulum more or less impressed, often giving a quilted or bullose appearance; lower surface with reticulum prominent or not, glabrous to relatively densely hairy, with hairs 0.2 – 1.5 mm long, straight, flexuous, curly to crispate, sometimes almost woolly, shorter to longer than areole diameter; areoles 1 – 2 mm in diameter, glabrous or with stellate hairs, often with yellow glands. Inflorescences 2 – 12 cm long, axillary, brown-tomentellous, lax, on a 1 – 3 (– 6) cm long peduncle; pedicels 2 – 5 mm long. Flower: sepals 2.5 – 3.5 mm long, rufous-cottony-tomentose; petals densely sericeous-tomentose, 5 – 11 × 2.5 – 3.5 mm; stamens with anthers produced in a conspicuous apical appendage. Fruit subglobose, 12 – 15 mm in diameter, subsericeous-tomentellous, mucronate at the apex; wings generally broadly elliptic to obovate, sometimes oblong and narrower, (1.5 –) 2.5 – 5 (– 7) × 1 – 3 cm, yellow to brownish or, more rarely, purplish.	en	Meerts, Pierre, Rougelot, Quentin, Sosef, Marc (2017): Revision of the genus Monotes (Dipterocarpaceae) in D. R. Congo, with implications for Angola and its distinction from Marquesia. Phytotaxa 308 (2): 151-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1
03A1879D6355FFC9FF13FC51F9154228.taxon	discussion	Discussion: — Monotes adenophyllus shows extensive variation in indumentum of the lower surface of the leaf, including forms that are almost completely glabrous. Duvigneaud (1949, 1961) recognized four infraspecific taxa (by order of decreasing pubescence: “ albidus ”, “ homblei ”, “ paucipilosus ”, “ glabrescens ”). However, the variation is essentially quantitative and extremely difficult to classify. A more synthetic treatment, with only two varieties is much more realistic. Due to the virtually continuous pattern of variation, and considering that those taxa are apparently sympatric over most of their fairly large distribution range, the rank of variety seems more appropriate than the rank of subspecies adopted by Duvigneaud (1961) and later authors (Verdcourt 1989; Catarino et al. 2013).	en	Meerts, Pierre, Rougelot, Quentin, Sosef, Marc (2017): Revision of the genus Monotes (Dipterocarpaceae) in D. R. Congo, with implications for Angola and its distinction from Marquesia. Phytotaxa 308 (2): 151-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1
03A1879D6356FFCDFF13FF44FE374345.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: — Leaf blade concolorous; areoles of lower surface of leaf glabrous or with a few stellate hairs; reticulum of lower leaf surface with hairs 0.2 – 1 mm long, shorter than or equalling areole diameter and not hiding areoles. Illustrations: — Figs. 3 A, 4 A, 5 A, 6 B – D.	en	Meerts, Pierre, Rougelot, Quentin, Sosef, Marc (2017): Revision of the genus Monotes (Dipterocarpaceae) in D. R. Congo, with implications for Angola and its distinction from Marquesia. Phytotaxa 308 (2): 151-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1
03A1879D6356FFCDFF13FF44FE374345.taxon	distribution	Distribution in D. R. Congo: — Widespread in Upper Katanga, though less common than var. homblei. Distribution elsewhere: — Angola, Tanzania, Zambia. Habitat and ecology: — Miombo woodland and bushy savannah, often on shallow lateritic or skeletic schistose substrate. Vernacular names: — Ki (m) papa (Bemba). Other representative specimens examined: — D. R. CONGO. Upper Katanga: Plaine de la Lufira, au N de Lukafu, forêt claire à Julbernardia globiflora, sur terre rose, 17 July 1948, Duvigneaud 1259 M (BRLU!); Fungurume, forêt enrochée à Brachystegia bussei, 1956, Duvigneaud & Timperman 2619 (BRLU!); territ. Lubudi, Kanoni, forêt à Brachystegia bussei sur macigno, 3 June 1957, Duvigneaud 3378 M (BRLU!); Likasi, colline boisée de la série des mines à Julbernardia paniculata et Brachystegia utilis, 18 June 1957, Duvigneaud 3586 M (BRLU!); Katofio (Kilwa), forêt sèche à Julbernardia paniculata, sol beige sur cuirasse latéritique, 1957, Duvigneaud 3625 M (BRLU!); Mpwa, 10 km N Tinika, steppe arbustive suffrutescente à Brachystegia nain sur schistes psammitiques, 1957, Duvigneaud 3639 M (BRLU!); Lukunki, savane à Themeda sur pente rocheuse calcaire, 11 January 1960, Duvigneaud 4998 M (BRLU!); 20 km N de Bunkeya, haute savane arbustive sur dalle latéritique d’alluvions anciennes, 14 January 1960, Duvigneaud 5044 M (BRLU!); Muvulu, verger à Monotes sur schiste à schistosité horizontale, 15 January 1960, Duvigneaud 5059 M (BRLU!); 20 km S Kiubo, verger à Monotes adenophyllus, 17 January 1960, Duvigneaud 5112 M (BRLU!); Kundelungu, under trees, 13 March 1908, Kassner 2605 (BM!); 6 km NE Gombela, forêt claire, 26 May 1984, Malaisse 13000 (BR!); Environs de Pweto, 1926, Robyns 1954 (K!); 26 km de Jadotville vers Kolwezi, alluvions assez récentes, exondées, anciennement cultures, savane à hautes graminées, 17 April 1958, Schmitz 5971 (BR!); Kampinda, km 24 route Balanga-Musosa, savane arborée, alt. 980 m, 17 June 1957, Symoens 4058 (BRVU!); Upemba, Vandenbrande K 9 (BR!).	en	Meerts, Pierre, Rougelot, Quentin, Sosef, Marc (2017): Revision of the genus Monotes (Dipterocarpaceae) in D. R. Congo, with implications for Angola and its distinction from Marquesia. Phytotaxa 308 (2): 151-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1
03A1879D6356FFCDFF13FF44FE374345.taxon	discussion	Discussion: — Forms with leaves showing a sparsely pilose lower reticulum have usually been recognized as Monotes adenophyllus subsp. delevoyi, but Verdcourt (1989) already questioned the status of that taxon. However, variation in density and length of hairs on the reticulum is continuous and we have not been able to set the objective limits of “ delevoyi ” and conclude that this taxon cannot be maintained. Monotes hutchinsonianus, an enigmatic species said to be endemic of Angola, is a large-leaved form, with a deeply cordate leaf base and long inflorescences. Such forms are not rare in Upper Katanga (e. g. Duvigneaud & Timperman 2123 (BRLU!); Huart 11 (BR!); Malaisse 11286 (BR! )); they are linked to smaller-leaved forms by many intermediates. Thus, M. hutchinsonianus is here merged with M. adenophyllus var. adenophyllus. Bancroft (1937) already suggested that M. hutchinsonianus and M. delevoyi might be conspecific. Significantly, the type specimen of M. hutchinsonianus shows an extremely variable leaf shape, some of the leaves being very close to those of the type specimen of M. glandulosus (oblong-ellipitic, obtuse at base and rounded at apex) and others to M. adenophyllus (broadly ovate, cordate at base) (see e. g. the isotypes, barcode BM 000603406 and barcode LISC 019573). Robyns 1954, the specimen carrying the designation “ M. pwetoensis Robyns ” (in schedis, unpubl.) from Katanga was ascribed to M. hutchinsonianus by Bancroft and to M. adenophyllus by Duvigneaud, illustrating that species limits in the M. glandulosus group are very difficult to set. A morph of Monotes adenophyllus Gilg said to have a special type of hairs giving a subfloccose appearance to the lower surface of the leaf has been recognized as subsp. subfloccosus by Duvigneaud, but it is very difficult to define and is therefore not recognized here.	en	Meerts, Pierre, Rougelot, Quentin, Sosef, Marc (2017): Revision of the genus Monotes (Dipterocarpaceae) in D. R. Congo, with implications for Angola and its distinction from Marquesia. Phytotaxa 308 (2): 151-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1
03A1879D6351FFD0FF13F996FF3A4029.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: — Differs from the type variety by the more or less discolorous leaf blade, with areoles of the lower surface of the leaf covered with stellate hairs; upper surface with indumentum often denser, more persistent and with a larger proportion of fasciculate hairs. Leaf blade 6 – 16 × 4 – 13 cm, upper surface with reticulum markedly impressed, with hairs in fascicles of mostly 2 or 3, 0.15 – 0.4 mm long; lower surface discolorous, typically ash-grey, more rarely whitish, with short fasciculate hairs on the nerves mixed with long curled solitary hairs 1 – 1.5 mm long on the nerves and reticulation, those longer than areole diameter (areoles generally <1 mm in diameter); interreticular areoles more or less densely covered with small stellate hairs; indumentum of reticulum and nerves often more or less fulvous, contrasting with the greyish indumentum of areoles. Note: — Homblé 1249 (BR!, K! (fragm. )), one of the two syntypes, has only sparse stellate hairs, and thus appears somewhat intermediate between var. adenophyllus and var. homblei. Homblé 1177 is markedly discolorous and better represents the more usual state in specimens from Katanga. Therefore, Homblé 1177 is here chosen as the lectotype of Monotes homblei.	en	Meerts, Pierre, Rougelot, Quentin, Sosef, Marc (2017): Revision of the genus Monotes (Dipterocarpaceae) in D. R. Congo, with implications for Angola and its distinction from Marquesia. Phytotaxa 308 (2): 151-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1
03A1879D6351FFD0FF13F996FF3A4029.taxon	description	Variation: — Var. homblei is very variable in colour of the lower surface of the leaf and density of the indumentum. Two forms can be recognized, with a range of intermediates.	en	Meerts, Pierre, Rougelot, Quentin, Sosef, Marc (2017): Revision of the genus Monotes (Dipterocarpaceae) in D. R. Congo, with implications for Angola and its distinction from Marquesia. Phytotaxa 308 (2): 151-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1
03A1879D634FFFD4FF13F8A1FD0643A5.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — ANGOLA. Huila, Lopolo, 1860, Welwitsch 1035 (BM! [barcode BM 001209295, BM 001209296], LISU! [barcode LISU 234081, LISU 234082, LISU 234083], P! [barcode 00389101], COI!). Shrub or small tree up to 8 m high; bark exfoliating in thin strips; branchlets greyish or brownish, glabrous to thinly pubescent. Leaf: petiole thinly pubescent, glabrescent, 5 – 15 (– 20) mm long, 1 – 2 mm in diameter; blade elliptic to oblong or obovate, (3.5 –) 5 – 10 × (1.5 –) 2 – 5.5 cm, rounded to slightly cordate at the base, obtuse to emarginate at the apex; lateral nerves in 8 – 14 pairs (with a tendency to the formation of short subsidiaries), nearly straight but incurved at the apex and vanishing without reaching the margin of the leaf; veins much more prominent than reticulation on lower surface; upper surface finely reticulate, with reticulum generally orange-lepidote, typically bullate in the axils of lateral nerves and midrib (with a corresponding depression on the lower surface), glabrous except sometimes for the midrib and lateral nerves, with numerous punctiform yellow glands; lower surface concolorous, puberulous with very minute curled or coiled hairs mixed with some straight ones on the nerves and reticulation, the interreticular areoles generally glabrous; midrib and lateral nerves slightly depressed above and prominent beneath. Inflorescences axillary, 1.5 – 3 (– 5) cm long, ± condensed or lax, few-flowered, fulvous-tomentellous; peduncle 1 – 3 cm long, slender. Flower: pedicel 3 – 8 mm long; sepals ca. 2 mm long, densely woolly-rufous-tomentose; petals ca. 8 mm long, densely greyish subsericeous-tomentose; stamens with anthers produced into a large, emarginate or triangular lobe. Fruit subglobose, 10 – 15 mm in diameter, rounded to conical at the apex, sericeous; wings elliptic to obovate, 2.5 – 3.5 × 1.2 – 1.6 cm, yellowish or brownish. Illustrations: — Figs. 3 C, 4 C, 8 A.	en	Meerts, Pierre, Rougelot, Quentin, Sosef, Marc (2017): Revision of the genus Monotes (Dipterocarpaceae) in D. R. Congo, with implications for Angola and its distinction from Marquesia. Phytotaxa 308 (2): 151-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1
03A1879D634FFFD4FF13F8A1FD0643A5.taxon	distribution	Distribution: — Widespread in Upper Katanga. Distribution elsewhere: — Angola, Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, Zambia. Habitat and ecology: — Miombo woodlands; transition between Uapaceto-Combretetum katangense and Brachystegia boehmii woodland; Xerobrachystegion (Schmitz 1971). Uses: — Poles, tools; foodplant of the edible caterpillar of the cavorting emperor moth, Usta terpsichore (Saturniidae) (Malaisse 1997). Other representative specimens examined: — D. R. CONGO. Upper Katanga: Parc d’Elisabethville (Lubumbashi), 10 June 1922, Delevoy 929 (BR!); 12 km à l’ouest d’Elisabethville (Lubumbashi), forêt claire à Brachystegia utilis sur terre rougeâtre compacte et profonde, 14 July 1956, Duvigneaud & Timperman 2006 (BRLU!); Entre Mindingi et Menda, 13 km de Menda, forêt claire à Brachystegia floribunda sur terre ocre, 17 July 1956, Duvigneaud & Timperman 2079 (BRLU!); Menda, forêt claire à Brachystegia longifolia sur terre rouge légère, 22 July 1956, Duvigneaud & Timperman 2092 (BRLU!); entre Mukumbi et Swambo, forêt claire sur terre ocre compacte, 1 June 1957, Duvigneaud 3338 (BRLU!); Kasumbalesa, forêt claire de plateau à Brachystegia utilis sur sol brun à proximité des sources de la Luina, 3 December 1959, Duvigneaud 4379 M (BRLU!); Sakania, forêt claire sur terre ocre caillouteuse à Brachystegia boehmii et B. spiciformis, 31 jan 1960, Duvigneaud 5361 BM (BRLU!); Arboretum de l’Etoile, 5 km NE d’Elisabethville (Lubumbashi), forêt claire, January 1948, Schmitz 1246 (BR!); Welgelegen, alt. 1300 m, lambeau de forêt claire en bordure d’un marais à Rhynchospora candida, 8 February 1962, Symoens 9203 (BRVU!); Keyberg, forêt claire à Marquesia, près de la station expérimentale de l’INEAC, 3 February 1966, Symoens 12158 (BM!).	en	Meerts, Pierre, Rougelot, Quentin, Sosef, Marc (2017): Revision of the genus Monotes (Dipterocarpaceae) in D. R. Congo, with implications for Angola and its distinction from Marquesia. Phytotaxa 308 (2): 151-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1
03A1879D634FFFD4FF13F8A1FD0643A5.taxon	discussion	Discussion: — Glabrescent specimens are superficially similar to M. glaber; the latter, however, differs in having yellow-green leaves often with an orange-tinged reticulum on the lower surface. As already pointed out by Verdcourt (1989), the frequently used author combination “ (Welw.) A. DC. ” for M. africanus is not correct since De Candolle published his name in mid-July of 1868 while Welwitsch’s name Vatica africana was validated by Oliver in October 1868. See further nomenclatural discussion under Monotes hypoleucus.	en	Meerts, Pierre, Rougelot, Quentin, Sosef, Marc (2017): Revision of the genus Monotes (Dipterocarpaceae) in D. R. Congo, with implications for Angola and its distinction from Marquesia. Phytotaxa 308 (2): 151-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1
03A1879D6348FFD5FF13F92FF8A446E5.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — D. R. CONGO. Kahundu, Dilolo, forêt claire à Brachystegia boehmii, 23 May 1957, Duvigneaud 3267 MI (holo-: BRLU! [barcode BRLU 0000090020735], iso-: BRLU! (3 sheets )). Tree up to 17 m high; branchlets shortly puberulous to densely pubescent. Leaf: petiole 10 – 25 mm long, very thick (3 – 3.5 mm in diameter); blade broadly elliptic, obovate, sometimes suborbicular, (7 –) 12 – 18 (– 22) × (5 –) 9 – 12 (– 14) cm, leathery, broadly cordate to rounded at the base, obcordate-bilobate or deeply emarginate at the apex, typically with the apical sinus deeper than the basal one, often with extra leaf-glands in the axils of the lateral nerves; lateral nerves 12 – 15 pairs, slightly incurved, some of them bifurcate near the apex, nerves and bifurcations reaching the margin of the leaf; upper surface slightly scaberulous with short straight hairs 0.15 – 0.3 mm long in fascicles of 2 – 8 on small white cushions, finally glabrous; lower surface greyish- or fulvous-pubescent (sometimes glabrescent when old), with relatively long curved hairs mixed with fasciculate ones, and with the interreticular areoles densely to sparsely covered with minute stellate hairs; midrib very thick and prominent beneath; veins and reticulation very prominent and forming deep cavities. Inflorescences, flowers and fruits as in M. katangensis. Illustrations: — Figs. 3 D, 4 D, 5 B, C, 7 A, B, 13.	en	Meerts, Pierre, Rougelot, Quentin, Sosef, Marc (2017): Revision of the genus Monotes (Dipterocarpaceae) in D. R. Congo, with implications for Angola and its distinction from Marquesia. Phytotaxa 308 (2): 151-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1
03A1879D6348FFD5FF13F92FF8A446E5.taxon	distribution	Distribution in D. R. Congo: — Widespread in Upper Katanga, apparently more frequent in the west. Distribution elsewhere: — Zambia. Restricted distribution. Habitat and ecology: — Miombo woodland; mixed high woodlands with Marquesia acuminata and M. macroura on grey compact soil; chipya on Kalahari sand. Other representative specimens examined: — D. R. CONGO. Upper Katanga: 20 km E of Kasagi, territ. Kisenge, forêt à Marquesia sur terre grise compacte à petites termitières, Duvigneaud & Timperman 2317 Mo 1 (BRLU!); 15 km N of Dilolo, forêt claire de plateau à Marquesia sur sol gris, 21 August 1956, Duvigneaud & Timperman 2424 (BRLU!); Tshisenge, 17 km N of Dilolo, forêt claire à Marquesia sur sol gris compact, 1957, Duvigneaud 2428 M (BRLU!); Dembo de la Lufupa, forêt claire de bordure à Brachystegia longifolia et Cryptosepalum pseudotaxus, Duvigneaud & Timperman 2541 (BRLU!); Kalongwe, brousses denses avec Monotes caloneurus, 9 May 1957, Duvigneaud 3090 M (BRLU!); Kolwezi, Colline D, forêt claire sur roches siliceuses cellulaires, 13 June 1957, Duvigneaud 3494 M; Nzilo, forêt verger sur terre compacte, 14 June 1957, Duvigneaud 3516 M (BRLU!); Kyamandjizi, forêt claire, 8 October 1981, Malaisse 11939 a (BR!); route Nzilo-Le Marinelle, km 1.5, crête au dessus du barrage, formée de quartzite et de quartzophyllades, 21 September 1958, Plancke 111 / 1532 (BRLU!).	en	Meerts, Pierre, Rougelot, Quentin, Sosef, Marc (2017): Revision of the genus Monotes (Dipterocarpaceae) in D. R. Congo, with implications for Angola and its distinction from Marquesia. Phytotaxa 308 (2): 151-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1
03A1879D6348FFD5FF13F92FF8A446E5.taxon	discussion	Discussion: — Monotes autennei is generally easy to recognize by its large bilobed leaves with fasciculate hairs on the upper surface. Many specimens had been misidentified as M. katangensis or M. magnificus. Intermediates with M. katangensis are frequent (see note under that species). Some collections have a rounded leaf apex and ovate-elliptic leaves (Desenfans 4012 (BRLU! )).	en	Meerts, Pierre, Rougelot, Quentin, Sosef, Marc (2017): Revision of the genus Monotes (Dipterocarpaceae) in D. R. Congo, with implications for Angola and its distinction from Marquesia. Phytotaxa 308 (2): 151-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1
03A1879D634AFFD6FF13FC9CF9714143.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: — Upper surface of leaf without stellate hairs; lower surface of leaf discolorous, with areoles covered with a dense layer of stellate hairs, more or less masked by long, woolly, fulvous hairs.	en	Meerts, Pierre, Rougelot, Quentin, Sosef, Marc (2017): Revision of the genus Monotes (Dipterocarpaceae) in D. R. Congo, with implications for Angola and its distinction from Marquesia. Phytotaxa 308 (2): 151-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1
03A1879D634AFFD6FF13FC9CF9714143.taxon	description	Variation: — M. dasyanthus var. dasyanthus is extremely variable for thickness, density and colour of the lower surface indumentum. We found very difficult to divide that variation. Two forms can be tentatively recognized.	en	Meerts, Pierre, Rougelot, Quentin, Sosef, Marc (2017): Revision of the genus Monotes (Dipterocarpaceae) in D. R. Congo, with implications for Angola and its distinction from Marquesia. Phytotaxa 308 (2): 151-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1
03A1879D6344FFD8FF13FCCCFEBE4253.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — D. R. CONGO. Upper Katanga, Dikuluwe, forêt claire à Marquesia, en bordure ouest du gisement de cuivre, 10 May 1957, Duvigneaud 3127 M (holo-: BRLU! [barcode BRLU 0003155]; iso-: BRLU! [barcode BRLU 0003156!]).	en	Meerts, Pierre, Rougelot, Quentin, Sosef, Marc (2017): Revision of the genus Monotes (Dipterocarpaceae) in D. R. Congo, with implications for Angola and its distinction from Marquesia. Phytotaxa 308 (2): 151-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1
03A1879D6344FFD8FF13FCCCFEBE4253.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: — Differs from the type variety by the following traits: indumentum of the leaf upper surface comprising long straight simple hairs and a dense, persistent, cover of much shorter, stellate hairs with 4 – 12 spreading branches ca. 100 μm long, arising from a bulbous base. Shrub with flattish spreading crown. Leaf blade large, with at least a few exceeding 18 × 10 cm, lower surface always with a very thick fulvous tomentum of woolly hairs, completely hiding the areoles and reticulum. Fruit: wings often larger than in the type, 2.0 – 5.0 cm long, attenuate at base. Illustrations: — Figs 3 F, 4 F, 5 K, 9 A.	en	Meerts, Pierre, Rougelot, Quentin, Sosef, Marc (2017): Revision of the genus Monotes (Dipterocarpaceae) in D. R. Congo, with implications for Angola and its distinction from Marquesia. Phytotaxa 308 (2): 151-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1
03A1879D6344FFD8FF13FCCCFEBE4253.taxon	distribution	Distribution in D. R. Congo: — D. R. Congo: Upper Katanga and Lower Katanga (Fig. 16 F). Distribution elsewhere: — NW Zambia (new record for that country); restricted distribution. Habitat and ecology: — Miombo woodlands on sandy soil, transitional savannah at the periphery of copper and manganese clearings and dambos. Other representative specimens examined: — D. R. CONGO. Lower Katanga, Haut Lomami, Songa, 17 August 1959, Huart 130 (BR!). Upper Katanga: Kolwezi, forêt claire à Brachystegia, 6 July 1948, Duvigneaud 1141 M (BRLU!); Nasondoye, fourche des routes de Sokele et de Dilolo, savane arbustive sur sable kalaharien à Uapaca robynsii, 10 August 1956, Duvigneaud & Timperman 2297 M (BRLU!); Mutshasha, brousse anthropique au contact du village indigène, 13 August 1956, Duvigneaud & Timperman 2300 M 1 H (BRLU!); Dikuluwe, forêt claire à Marquesia en bordure ouest du gisement de cuivre, 10 May 1957, Duvigneaud 3127 (BRLU!); Dikuluwe, forêt de plaine sur sol brun vif, June 1957, Duvigneaud 3521 (BRLU!); Dikuluwe, dembo d’empoisonnement au N de la colline cuprifère, steppe arbustif, 10 December 1959, Duvigneaud 4480 M 1 (BRLU!); Dikuluwe, colline cuprifère, dembo d’empoisonnement vers la rivière, au S de la coline, steppe arbustif sur sable, 10 December 1959, Duvigneaud 4493 Mo (BRLU!); Mpala, ceinture à Uapaca robynsii autour d’un bois noir sur sable du Kalahari, 26 January 1960, Duvigneaud 5252 M (BRLU!).	en	Meerts, Pierre, Rougelot, Quentin, Sosef, Marc (2017): Revision of the genus Monotes (Dipterocarpaceae) in D. R. Congo, with implications for Angola and its distinction from Marquesia. Phytotaxa 308 (2): 151-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1
03A1879D6344FFD8FF13FCCCFEBE4253.taxon	materials_examined	ZAMBIA: Mwinilunga, margins of watershed sand plains, July 1955, Edmonds E 8 / 55 (BRLU!, FHO); A few miles N of Kalene Hill Mission, Isoberlinia paniculata-Brachystegia longifolia woodland on shallow Kalahari sands, 24 September 1952, White 3361 (BRLU!, FHO).	en	Meerts, Pierre, Rougelot, Quentin, Sosef, Marc (2017): Revision of the genus Monotes (Dipterocarpaceae) in D. R. Congo, with implications for Angola and its distinction from Marquesia. Phytotaxa 308 (2): 151-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1
03A1879D6344FFD9FF13F860FFDF40CF.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: — Differs from the type variety essentially in having a concolorous leaf blade with areoles on the lower surface glabrous or very sparsely pubescent, and the hairs on the reticulum not masking the areoles. Leaf blade ovate to elliptic or oblong, 8 – 18 × 4.5 – 14 cm, dark green to bronze, base slightly cordate or rounded, apex rounded to acute or acuminate, with up to 19 pairs of nerves; upper surface pubescent, scaberulous, harsh to the touch, hairs straight, stiff or nearly so, clearly separated from one another, 0.3 – 1 mm long, on cushion-like emergences; lower surface concolorous to slightly discolorous, areoles glabrous or with sparse stellate hairs, with yellow glands, nerves and reticulum hirsute, with pale fulvous to whitish, straight to flexuous, not woolly, 1 – 2 mm long hairs, areoles forming cavities. Flowers in dense axillary racemiform cymes ca. 4 cm long. Fruits apparently as in var. dasyanthus, occasionally with a pointed tip. Illustrations: — Figs 3 G, 4 G, 9 D.	en	Meerts, Pierre, Rougelot, Quentin, Sosef, Marc (2017): Revision of the genus Monotes (Dipterocarpaceae) in D. R. Congo, with implications for Angola and its distinction from Marquesia. Phytotaxa 308 (2): 151-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1
03A1879D6344FFD9FF13F860FFDF40CF.taxon	distribution	Distribution in D. R. Congo: — Bas-Congo, Kwango. Distribution elsewhere: — Angola? (many (all?) specimens assigned to “ M. mutetetwa ” in Angola (Catarino et al. 2013) probably belong in M. dasyanthus var. dasyanthus). Habitat and ecology: — “ Tumbi ” and “ Mabwati ” (mixed, semi-evergreen dry forests) with Uapaca nitida and Berlinia giorgii (Mullenders 1954; Devred 1957); miombo woodland (ecology poorly known due to confusion with var. dasyanthus). Other representative specimens examined: — D. R. CONGO. Bas-Congo: région de Kimvula-Pandi, s. d., Duvigneaud s. n. (BRLU!). Kasaï (Kwango): Kika Kiala, matumbi, 3 February 1952, Callens 3034 (BM!, BR!); Région de Mawanga, savane boisée, 30 April 1953, Callens 4061 (BR!, KISA); Route Feshi-Tono, forêt claire dégradée, 18 March 1956, Devred 2978 (BR!); steppe entre Gungu et Kahemba (130 km S de Gungu), April 1948, Duvigneaud 945 M (BRLU!); 5 km N de Kahemba, forêt claire à Brachystegia-Julbernardia, 30 May 1948, Duvigneaud 950 M (BRLU!); Kahemba, route vers l’Angola, galerie forestière, 31 May 1948, Duvigneaud 954 M (BRLU!, syntype); Entre Kwango-Wamba, village Monkondo, savane arbustive, 30 July 1944, Germain 2522 (BR!, BRLU (fragm.)!, KISA, L!). Vernacular names: — Bokombolo tseke (Kiyaka), mukeletete (Kitchok); mutetetwa, ntetetwa (Kitchok).	en	Meerts, Pierre, Rougelot, Quentin, Sosef, Marc (2017): Revision of the genus Monotes (Dipterocarpaceae) in D. R. Congo, with implications for Angola and its distinction from Marquesia. Phytotaxa 308 (2): 151-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1
03A1879D6344FFD9FF13F860FFDF40CF.taxon	discussion	Discussion: — Duvigneaud described M. mutetetwa to accomodate forms of M. dasyanthus with the reticulum and areoles not hidden by the fulvous indumentum and with leaves larger than the type. However, within M. dasyanthus, there is considerable variation in thickness and density of the lower surface indumentum, without a clear relation to leaf size. We here propose to divide M. dasyanthus following the same criterion as used to divide M. adenophyllus, i. e. presence / absence of stellate hairs in areoles. We thus restrict M. mutetetwa to the concolorous forms in which the stellate indumentum is sparse to lacking, downgrading it to varietal rank within M. dasyanthus. Duvigneaud (1949) cites two syntypes, one in flower (Duvigneaud 840 M 2) and one in fruit (Duvigneaud 954 M); the flowering specimen is here chosen as the lectotype. Considering leaf shape and indumentum, M. dasyanthus var. mutetetwa, as already noted by Duvigneaud (1949), comes close to M. glandulosus Pierre, a poorly known taxon (see note at the end of this article). However, the latter has the anther with a conspicuous appendage, while the former has the anther with the appendage inconspicuous. Intermediates with M. caloneurus exist (Duvigneaud 2364 (BRLU! )).	en	Meerts, Pierre, Rougelot, Quentin, Sosef, Marc (2017): Revision of the genus Monotes (Dipterocarpaceae) in D. R. Congo, with implications for Angola and its distinction from Marquesia. Phytotaxa 308 (2): 151-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1
03A1879D6345FFDAFF13FA1CFF9A405B.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — D. R. CONGO. Haut-Katanga, Mutshatsha, forêt claire à Pseudoberlinia paniculata sur roches kibariennes dominant la rivière Lubudi, August 1956, Duvigneaud & Timperman 2530 Ml (holo-: BRLU! [barcode BRLU 0000090020797], iso-: BRLU! (6 sheets, excl. BRLU 0000090020773 )). ≡ “ Monotes cuspidatus P. A. Duvign. ” in schedis, unpublished designation. Tree up to 12 m high; branches glabrous to sparsely puberulent, glabrescent, longitudinally ridged, lenticellate; old twigs pale-coloured, more or less smooth; apical bud with ciliate appressed-pubescent scales. Leaf: petiole (7 –) 12 – 21 (– 25) mm long, slender (the most slender in the genus), less than 1 mm thick, often slightly dilated in upper part, glabrous or with scattered minute fasciculate hairs; blade narrowly ovate-lanceolate (3 –) 4 – 10 (– 13) × (0.7 –) 1.5 – 3.6 (– 4.0) cm, l / w ratio 3 – 5, base cuneate to rounded or rarely slightly cordate in the broadest leaves, apex acute to long acuminate, with 10 – 17 pairs of secondary nerves, generally markedly curved, anastomosing at short distance from the margin; upper surface reticulate and generally shiny (varnished), with reticulum often orange-lepidote, glabrous or, more rarely, with scattered small fasciculate hairs; nerves prominent on lower surface, glabrous or sparsely puberulous with fasciculate hairs; margin slightly recurved, with minute fasciculate hairs or, more rarely, glabrous; basal gland reddish, elongate, 1 – 2 × 0.7 mm. Inflorescence of small axillary cymes, rarely grouped to form a short panicle, lax, few-flowered, peduncle 1 – 3 cm long, rachis minutely pubescent. Flower buds appressed pubescent, obconical, 2 – 3 mm long, pedicels ca. 1 mm long; bracts reddish, ciliate, 2 – 3 × 1.5 mm; stamens fused at base in a very short ring. Fruit: pedicel 3 – 4 mm long, minutely pubescent; achene globose, with conical beak, ca. 6 – 7 × 5 – 6 mm, with prominent veins in herbarium (or shrinking on drying?), more or less covered with fascicles of straight simple hairs; wings 1.0 – 3.0 × 0.6 – 0.9 cm, oblanceolate, oblong, lanceolate, rounded at apex, slightly unguiculate, minutely pubescent, with raised reticulum, yellowish brown. Illustrations: — Figs. 3 H, 4 H, 8 B, 14.	en	Meerts, Pierre, Rougelot, Quentin, Sosef, Marc (2017): Revision of the genus Monotes (Dipterocarpaceae) in D. R. Congo, with implications for Angola and its distinction from Marquesia. Phytotaxa 308 (2): 151-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1
03A1879D6345FFDAFF13FA1CFF9A405B.taxon	distribution	Distribution in D. R. Congo: — Western Upper Katanga, “ sous-district de la Haute-Lubudi ” and “ district of the NW foothills of the Manika ” (Duvigneaud 1958). Endemic of D. R. Congo (Fig. 16 D). Habitat and ecology: — Miombo forests, wooded savannahs, bushy savannahs, chypia, degraded forest, on various kinds of soil, often on rocky slopes on kibarian shale. Flowering in February; fruiting in June. Vernacular names: — Mudianshi, ngowa (Kiluba). Other representative specimens examined: — D. R. CONGO. Upper Katanga: Relevé 168 au S du point Sunswe, pente N 40 %, forêt claire, 30 January 1954, Desenfans 5019 (BRLU!); Mukulakulu, forêt claire, 29 April 1953, De Troyer 73 (BR!); Mutshasha, forêt à Pseudoberlinia sur colline schisteuse, September 1956, Duvigneaud & Timperman 2530 M (BRLU!); 46 km E de Mutshasha, forêt claire à Mikondo sur sol ocre des plateaux avec nombreuses pierres, 24 August 1956, Duvigneaud & Timperman 2533 (BRLU!); Saluseke (Kasaji), Brousse dégradée, Duvigneau d 3290 Di (BRLU!); Entre Nzilo et Delcommune, verger à Monotes doryphorus, riche en Protea hirtii, sur pente de roches kibariennes, 14 December 1959, Duvigneaud 4558 Mi (BRLU!); Delcommune, verger à Monotes div. sp. sur pente rocheuse de roches kibariennes, 14 December 1959, Duvigneaud 4570 Mi (BRLU!); Mpala, forêt chypia à Marquesia et Brachystegia floribunda, 23 January 1960, Duvigneaud 5221 M (BRLU!); Entre Lupusa et Kasekelesa, forêt claire de plaine à Brachystegia spiciformis, 23 January 1960, Duvigneaud 5227 (BRLU!); Kasekelesa, chantier 1, forêt claire mélangée sur sol manganifère, 25 January 1960, Duvigneaud 5239 MI (BRLU!); Nzilo, forêt verger à Monotes div. sp. enrochée, sur phyllades kibariennes, 27 January 1960, Duvigneaud 5268 Mi (BRLU!); Nzilo, forêt de pente, 27 January 1960, Duvigneaud 5269 M (BRLU!); Plateau des Kibara, ancienne piste Delmar, km 13, forêt claire à nombreux Monotes, 21 September 1958, Plancke 113 / 1667 (BRLU!), Ancienne piste Delmar, km 31, Plaine de la Mabuya, 21 September 1958, Plancke 118 / 1722 (BRLU!); 10 km de Kanzenze, sur la route de Busanga (40 km NW Kolwezi), forêt claire sur sol sablonneux, May 1952, Schmitz 3984 (BR!); Upemba, 26 June 1956, Vanden Brande K 65 (BR!);	en	Meerts, Pierre, Rougelot, Quentin, Sosef, Marc (2017): Revision of the genus Monotes (Dipterocarpaceae) in D. R. Congo, with implications for Angola and its distinction from Marquesia. Phytotaxa 308 (2): 151-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1
03A1879D6345FFDAFF13FA1CFF9A405B.taxon	discussion	Discussion: — This species is strongly reminiscent of Marquesia in having ovate, long acuminate leaves and slender, furrowed twigs. Some specimens are intermediate with Monotes duvigneaudii var. concolor; the relationship between the latter and Monotes doryphorus needs further investigation.	en	Meerts, Pierre, Rougelot, Quentin, Sosef, Marc (2017): Revision of the genus Monotes (Dipterocarpaceae) in D. R. Congo, with implications for Angola and its distinction from Marquesia. Phytotaxa 308 (2): 151-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1
03A1879D6346FFDCFF13FA68FD1E4727.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — D. R. CONGO. Upper Katanga (administrative province of Lualaba), Nzilo, forêt verger à Monotes div. sp., enrochée, sur phyllades kibariennes, 27 January 1960, Duvigneaud 5268 M 4 (holo-: BRLU! [barcode BRLU 0004158]; iso-: BRLU!).	en	Meerts, Pierre, Rougelot, Quentin, Sosef, Marc (2017): Revision of the genus Monotes (Dipterocarpaceae) in D. R. Congo, with implications for Angola and its distinction from Marquesia. Phytotaxa 308 (2): 151-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1
03A1879D6346FFDCFF13FA68FD1E4727.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: — Differs from all other species of Monotes except M. doryphorus by the combination of ovate-lanceolate leaves with acute-acuminate apex and glabrous upper surface, and from M. doryphorus by the inflorescence in a terminal congested panicle (vs. small axillary cymes), the broader leaves (3.5 – 6.5 cm wide vs. 1.5 – 3.6) and the thicker petiole (ca. 2 mm thick vs. less than 1 mm). Small tree (up to 5 m); leafy twigs channelled, ca. 3 mm in diameter, shortly and densely pubescent, glabrescent. Leaf: petiole 7 – 20 (– 25) mm long, 1.5 – 2 mm thick, densely and shortly pubescent, often canaliculated; blade ovate or ovate-elliptic to lanceolate, (6 –) 7.5 – 15 × (2 –) 3.5 – 6.5 cm, broadest at the lower third, l / w ratio (1.5 –) 2 – 3.5, rounded to slightly cordate or rarely cuneate at base, long acuminate or rarely acute at apex, rather coriaceous; basal gland generally narrowly elliptic (more rarely round), strongly depressed, reddish; upper surface glabrous except the margin which has a fringe of very short fasciculate hairs, markedly reticulate, reticulum orange-tinged; secondary nerves 13 – 18 pairs, slightly curved, anastomosing just before the margin or tangent to the margin, secondary nerves not depressed; margin slightly thickened and recurved; lower surface of leaf generally strongly discolorous, white or whitish to pale greyish, with a continuous layer of very short stellate hairs entirely covering areoles and reticulum, sparser on the secondary nerves, or, more rarely, concolorous (var. concolor); nerves slightly prominent, pale orange-tinged, with a sparser layer of stellate hairs and a few short straight appressed hairs on the costa. Inflorescence a more or less condensed terminal panicle, 4 – 8 × 3 – 4 cm, consisting of subsessile narrow racemes or cymes 1 – 5 cm long, often with a few axillary racemes at the base, rarely consisting only of axillary racemes; axes densely pubescent. Flower: pedicel 1 – 2 mm long; floral bud ovoid-conical; sepals ovate, ca. 2 × 1.5 mm, apex obtuse, slightly carinate, densely sericeous tomentose; petals triangular-ovate, 7 × 2.5 – 3 mm, ca. 6 - nerved, sericeous tomentose outside, almost glabrous inside; anther ca. 0.7 mm long, with short pointed apical appendage; ovary densely hirsute, apparently trilocular, thick-walled. Fruit unknown (but see var. concolor). Eponymy: — The new species is dedicated to Paul Duvigneaud (1913 – 1991), professor at Brussels University, the unrivalled specialist on the taxonomy of Monotes, who collected several thousands Monotes specimens in southern D. R. Congo between 1948 and 1960.	en	Meerts, Pierre, Rougelot, Quentin, Sosef, Marc (2017): Revision of the genus Monotes (Dipterocarpaceae) in D. R. Congo, with implications for Angola and its distinction from Marquesia. Phytotaxa 308 (2): 151-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1
03A1879D6346FFDCFF13FA68FD1E4727.taxon	description	Variation: — Density of stellate hairs on the lower surface of the leaf is very variable; two varieties can be recognized.	en	Meerts, Pierre, Rougelot, Quentin, Sosef, Marc (2017): Revision of the genus Monotes (Dipterocarpaceae) in D. R. Congo, with implications for Angola and its distinction from Marquesia. Phytotaxa 308 (2): 151-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1
03A1879D6340FFDCFF13FB02F8BB43F1.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — D. R. CONGO. Katanga: Upemba, Kibara, éboulis près de la rivière Manda, le long des chutes, alt. 1400 m, 13 April 1949, de Witte 06092 (holo-: BR!; iso-: BR!).	en	Meerts, Pierre, Rougelot, Quentin, Sosef, Marc (2017): Revision of the genus Monotes (Dipterocarpaceae) in D. R. Congo, with implications for Angola and its distinction from Marquesia. Phytotaxa 308 (2): 151-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1
03A1879D6340FFDCFF13FB02F8BB43F1.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: — Differs from the type variety by the concolorous leaves with a glabrous lower surface or with the indumentum not covering the reticulum. Illustrations: — Figs. 3 J, 4 I.	en	Meerts, Pierre, Rougelot, Quentin, Sosef, Marc (2017): Revision of the genus Monotes (Dipterocarpaceae) in D. R. Congo, with implications for Angola and its distinction from Marquesia. Phytotaxa 308 (2): 151-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1
03A1879D6340FFDCFF13FB02F8BB43F1.taxon	distribution	Distribution in D. R. Congo: — Katanga, apparently rare (Fig. 16 A). Endemic of D. R. Congo. Habitat and ecology: — Shrub savannah or herbaceous savannah. Additional specimens examined: — D. R. CONGO. Katanga: Kazia, savane herbacée, 25 June 1953, Desenfans 3509 (BRLU!); Kazia, savane arbustive, 25 June 1953, Desenfans 3584 (BRLU!).	en	Meerts, Pierre, Rougelot, Quentin, Sosef, Marc (2017): Revision of the genus Monotes (Dipterocarpaceae) in D. R. Congo, with implications for Angola and its distinction from Marquesia. Phytotaxa 308 (2): 151-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1
03A1879D6340FFDCFF13FB02F8BB43F1.taxon	discussion	Discussion: — This variety is superficially similar to Marquesia acuminata and Monotes doryphorus. Its relationship with the latter needs further investigation. The type specimen of this variety is the sole collection of M. duvigneaudii with fruits. Its fruits are young, the wings are 1.5 – 2.0 × 0.8 – 1.0 cm with a reddish tinge, and the fruit is ovoid with a conical apex.	en	Meerts, Pierre, Rougelot, Quentin, Sosef, Marc (2017): Revision of the genus Monotes (Dipterocarpaceae) in D. R. Congo, with implications for Angola and its distinction from Marquesia. Phytotaxa 308 (2): 151-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1
03A1879D6340FFDCFF13FCF6FE5C41B1.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: — Lower surface of leaf strongly discolorous, white or whitish to pale greyish, with a continuous layer of very short stellate hairs entirely covering areoles and reticulum, sparser on the secondary nerves. Illustrations: — Figs. 3 I, 5 L, 11.	en	Meerts, Pierre, Rougelot, Quentin, Sosef, Marc (2017): Revision of the genus Monotes (Dipterocarpaceae) in D. R. Congo, with implications for Angola and its distinction from Marquesia. Phytotaxa 308 (2): 151-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1
03A1879D6340FFDCFF13FCF6FE5C41B1.taxon	distribution	Distribution in D. R. Congo: — Upper Katanga. Endemic of D. R. Congo (Fig. 16 A). Habitat and ecology: — Miombo woodland. Additional specimens examined: — D. R. CONGO. Upper Katanga: Delcommune, verger à Monotes div. sp. sur pente rocheuse de phyllades kibariennes, 14 December 1959, Duvigneaud 4570 M 3 (BRLU!); sine dato, sine loco, Vanden Brande MitV 221 (BRLU!).	en	Meerts, Pierre, Rougelot, Quentin, Sosef, Marc (2017): Revision of the genus Monotes (Dipterocarpaceae) in D. R. Congo, with implications for Angola and its distinction from Marquesia. Phytotaxa 308 (2): 151-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1
03A1879D6340FFDCFF13FCF6FE5C41B1.taxon	discussion	Discussion: — A striking taxon strongly reminiscent of Marquesia, with ovate-acuminate leaves, slender twigs, and glabrous upper surface of the blade.	en	Meerts, Pierre, Rougelot, Quentin, Sosef, Marc (2017): Revision of the genus Monotes (Dipterocarpaceae) in D. R. Congo, with implications for Angola and its distinction from Marquesia. Phytotaxa 308 (2): 151-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1
03A1879D6340FFDDFF13F8C2FD4B46F3.taxon	description	Lectotype (designated here): — ZIMBABWE, valley of the Hanyani River, 17 May 1909; Allen 734 (lecto-: K! [barcode K 000240353]). Tree 3 – 10 (– 20) m high; branchlets almost glabrous. Leaf: petiole 4 – 15 mm long, slightly pubescent; blade ovate-elliptic or elliptic to oblong or obovate-oblong, 4 – 9.5 × 1.5 – 5 cm, rounded to slightly cordate at the base, obtuse to truncate at the apex; lateral nerves in 7 – 11 pairs, progressively fading out well before reaching the margin; upper surface finely reticulate, with reticulum generally orange-lepidote, shiny, glabrous, often yellowish green on drying; lower surface concolorous, smooth, glabrous; midrib and lateral nerves slightly depressed above and prominent beneath, reticulation scarcely prominent, orange-coloured. Inflorescences axillary, 2 – 4 cm long (shorter in the specimen from D. R. Congo), slender, lax (congested in the specimen from D. R. Congo), 4 – 10 - flowered, brownish, glabrescent, on a slender peduncle 1 – 1.5 cm long (sessile in the in the specimen from D. R. Congo). Flower: pedicel ca. 5 mm long; sepals ca. 3 mm long, densely cottony-tomentose; petals ca. 7.5 mm long, brownish white, shortly greyish- or yellowish-sericeoustomentose; stamens with anthers produced into a very short mucro. Fruit subglobose, 7 – 12 mm in diameter, sericeous, rounded or slightly conical at the apex; wings 2 – 3 × 1 – 1.5 cm, yellow or brownish, elliptic to obovate (description based on Duvigneaud (1961 )).	en	Meerts, Pierre, Rougelot, Quentin, Sosef, Marc (2017): Revision of the genus Monotes (Dipterocarpaceae) in D. R. Congo, with implications for Angola and its distinction from Marquesia. Phytotaxa 308 (2): 151-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1
03A1879D6340FFDDFF13F8C2FD4B46F3.taxon	distribution	Distribution in D. R. Congo: — A single collection in D. R. Congo, ca. 500 km N of the nearest localities in Zambia. Distribution elsewhere: — Botswana, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Habitat and ecology: — Miombo woodlands and wooded savannahs. Additional specimen examined: — D. R. CONGO. Upper Katanga: Upemba, Munoi, bifurcation Lupiala, 890 m, savane arbustive, 3 June 1948, de Witte 3902 (BR!).	en	Meerts, Pierre, Rougelot, Quentin, Sosef, Marc (2017): Revision of the genus Monotes (Dipterocarpaceae) in D. R. Congo, with implications for Angola and its distinction from Marquesia. Phytotaxa 308 (2): 151-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1
03A1879D6340FFDDFF13F8C2FD4B46F3.taxon	discussion	Discussion: — The cited collection is the only one from D. R. Congo that can be tentatively ascribed to M. glaber. However, it is atypical in having flowers in dense subsessile cymes. It may represent a distinct taxon, but more material is necessary. See also note under M. africanus. Allen 734 is here chosen as the lectotype, because the other syntype (Baines s. n. (K! )) is mounted on a sheet with a mixture of several gatherings.	en	Meerts, Pierre, Rougelot, Quentin, Sosef, Marc (2017): Revision of the genus Monotes (Dipterocarpaceae) in D. R. Congo, with implications for Angola and its distinction from Marquesia. Phytotaxa 308 (2): 151-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1
03A1879D6341FFDEFF13FBC0FF9A4497.taxon	description	Lectotype (designated here): — D. R. CONGO. Upper Katanga. Nzilo, verger à Monotes, 14 June 1957, Duvigneaud & Hirt 3514 Ml (lecto-: BRLU! [barcode BRLU 0000090022029]; isolecto-: BRLU! (6 sheets )). Tree (height unknown); twigs densely hirsute, with simple spreading hairs ca. 1 mm long, glabrescent, purplish brown, with conspicuous pale lenticels. Leaves generally grouped at the end of branches; petiole 3 – 5 (– 10) mm long, ca. 1.5 mm in diameter, hirsute; blade ovate to ovate lanceolate, 3.4 – 9 (– 10.5) × 1.2 – 4 cm, l / w ratio 2 – 3, obtuse to rounded to slightly cordate at base, acute to shortly acuminate at apex, with acumen rounded to apiculate, concolorous, dark green to brownish green in herbarium; 10 – 13 (– 17) pairs of nerves, impressed on upper surface, prominent on lower surface; upper surface with orange reticulum, harsh to the touch, with simple straight hairs 1 – 2 mm long; lower surface with prominent reticulum, with similar hairs on the reticulum, areoles glabrous (rarely with a few stellate hairs), with sparse yellow glands; basal gland brown, with a fringe of long straight hairs; midnerve and lateral nerves deeply impressed above and prominent beneath, giving a quilted appearance. Inflorescence a short congested panicle at the end of branches, comprising 3 – 5 clusters 5 – 10 mm long, the lowermost ones shortly pedunculate, sometimes with a few axillary cymes. Flower: pedicel 1 – 3 mm long, slightly accrescent, pubescent; buds rounded, with silky hairs; sepals ovate-triangular, 2 – 3 mm long; petals oblong, ca. 10 mm long; anther with a short obtuse apical appendix. Fruit ca. 8 × 6 mm, markedly attenuate at tip, with persistent style, often sulcate, hirsute; wings 1.0 – 2.5 × 0.8 – 1.2 cm, ovate-elliptic, reddish, with sparse straight hairs and very short fasciculate hairs. Illustrations: — Figs 3 K, 4 J, 8 C, 15.	en	Meerts, Pierre, Rougelot, Quentin, Sosef, Marc (2017): Revision of the genus Monotes (Dipterocarpaceae) in D. R. Congo, with implications for Angola and its distinction from Marquesia. Phytotaxa 308 (2): 151-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1
03A1879D6341FFDEFF13FBC0FF9A4497.taxon	distribution	Distribution in D. R. Congo: — Upper Katanga. A rare species, with most specimens collected by Duvigneaud between 1956 and 1960 from a restricted area in the region of Nzilo (“ district of the NW foothills of Manika ”) (Fig. 16 E). Endemic of D. R. Congo (Katanga). Habitat and ecology: — Miombo open forests and wooded savannahs, mostly on rocky slopes and shallow stony soil, with Brachystegia stipulata and B. microphylla; sometimes forests on deep sandy soil with B. longifolia. Other representative specimens examined: — D. R. CONGO. Upper Katanga: Keyberg, forêt claire à Marquesia sur pisolithes latéritiques, 12 July 1956, Duvigneaud & Timperman 2003 (BRLU!); Territ. Kolwezi, Nzilo, forêt à Brachystegia longifolia sur terre sableuse, 14 June 1957, Duvigneaud 3513 M (BRLU!); Entre Nzilo et Delcommune, forêt verger à Brachystegia stipulata et Monotes hirtii sur un replat dans un paysage de collines rocheuses à Brachystegia microphylla, 14 December 1959, Duvigneaud 4554 (BRLU!); Nzilo, forêt enrochée sur crête gréseuse à Brachystegia microphylla, 27 January 1960, Duvigneaud 5259 M (BRLU!); Nzilo, forêt-verger enrochée de pente quartzitique, 27 January 1960, Duvigneaud 5261 M 1 (BRLU!); Nzilo, forêt-verger à Monotes div. sp., enrochée, sur phyllades kibariennes, 27 January 1960, Duvigneaud 5268 (BRLU!); Vallée de la Luilu, 24 km NNW Kolwezi, forêt claire, 16 February 1982, Empain, Malaisse & Robbrecht 2227 (BR!).	en	Meerts, Pierre, Rougelot, Quentin, Sosef, Marc (2017): Revision of the genus Monotes (Dipterocarpaceae) in D. R. Congo, with implications for Angola and its distinction from Marquesia. Phytotaxa 308 (2): 151-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1
03A1879D6341FFDEFF13FBC0FF9A4497.taxon	discussion	Discussion: — A very distinct species on account of the small acuminate leaves with long straight hairs on both surfaces.	en	Meerts, Pierre, Rougelot, Quentin, Sosef, Marc (2017): Revision of the genus Monotes (Dipterocarpaceae) in D. R. Congo, with implications for Angola and its distinction from Marquesia. Phytotaxa 308 (2): 151-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1
03A1879D6342FFDFFF13FE24FCCF4497.taxon	description	Shrub, small tree or tree up to 15 (– 20) m; branches grey-tomentose to tomentellous, quickly glabrescent. Leaf: petiole (3 –) 7 – 21 (– 40) mm long, 2 (– 3) mm thick; blade elliptic or ovate-elliptic to obovate-elliptic, (4 –) 6 – 16 (– 21) × (1.5 –) 2.5 – 9 (– 13.5) cm, ca. two times longer than wide, base rounded to slightly cordate, more rarely cuneate, apex rounded to emarginate, very rarely acute, markedly discolorous; secondary nerves in (8 –) 10 – 17 (– 20) pairs, nearly straight but incurved just before and generally without reaching the margin of the leaf, often with a tendency to form shorter subsidiary nerves; upper surface puberulent to almost glabrous, glabrescent, with dense to sparse indumentum not discernible by touch, only visible with a microscope, of more or less flexuous thin hairs 0.1 – 0.15 (– 0.25) mm long, most often stellate, in fascicles of 2 – 6, or, more rarely, simple, variable in shape, never straight, irregularly curled often mixed with yellow globulose glands; lower surface of leaf always discolorous, whitish, cream, beige, yellowish or grayish; secondary nerves and midrib prominent beneath, conspicuous, generally less pubescent and darker than the rest of the lamina, fulvous, brownish, reddish, glabrescent; areoles masked by hairs; reticulum masked or not by pubescence; indumentum of lower surface of leaf extremely variable in thickness and density, short to thick, comprising cottony, curly, crispate or woolly hairs (<0.1 –) 0.1 – 1.5 mm long, often masking a layer of short stellate hairs concentrated in areoles. Inflorescence composed of pedunculated lax axillary cymes 2.5 – 8 cm long, peduncle densely beige-, grayishto rufous-tomentose. Flower: pedicel 1 – 3 mm long, sepals ovate 2 – 3 (– 5) mm long, woolly-tomentellous; petals 6 – 9 (– 10) mm long, stamens with connective produced into a conspicuous, appendage. Fruit (6 –) 8 – 15 (– 20) mm in diameter, subglobose, sometimes conical and apiculate at the apex, woolly-tomentellous; wings elliptic to narrowly obovate, usually not unguiculate, (2 –) 2.5 – 5 · 5 × (0 · 4 –) 1 – 2 cm, variable in colour, pale brown, straw-coloured, red or purple, variable in shape, generally narrowly oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic, spathulate, markedly attenuate in the lower third, sometimes suborbicular, not hiding the fruit.	en	Meerts, Pierre, Rougelot, Quentin, Sosef, Marc (2017): Revision of the genus Monotes (Dipterocarpaceae) in D. R. Congo, with implications for Angola and its distinction from Marquesia. Phytotaxa 308 (2): 151-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1
03A1879D6342FFDFFF13FE24FCCF4497.taxon	discussion	Discussion: — We here propose a much more synthetic treatment than earlier revisions, treating M. angolensis (incl. M. carrissoanus, M. noldeae, M. oblongifolius, M. oxyphyllinus), M. caloneurus (incl. M. elegans, M. dawei, M. schmitzii), M. discolor, M. loandensis, at varietal rank within a much extended species concept for M. hypoleucus. With this broader circumscription, M. hypoleucus is easily defined by its more or less discolorous leaves, with pubescent greyish, whitish or yellowish lower surface, and upper surface almost glabrous to puberulent with indumentum of very short fasciculate or stellate hairs. This redefined species shows extensive variation in leaf size, density and persistence of upper surface indumentum, and in thickness, extent and colour of the indumentum on the lower surface. That variation is extremely difficult to translate into a coherent taxonomic system. Most characters have a continuous variation within the complex. The five varieties retained here represent the most common nodes of a reticulate variation pattern. In our judgement, however, it is useful to distinguish these varieties and thus show the structure present in the pattern, which might be linked to ecology and / or geography. A fair number of intermediate specimens exist, which can conveniently be referred to as M. hypoleucus s. l. Bancroft (1939 a) already emphasized the close affinity between M. angolensis and M. hypoleucus. Duvigneaud (1949) was aware that the abovementioned “ species ” might represent varieties rather than true species and mentioned the existence of intermediates (p. 47, about M. elegans, M. angolensis, M. schmitzii: “ Il est d’ailleurs fort probable qu’il ne s’agit là que de variétés d’une même espèce … ”; p. 48, about M. hypoleucus and relatives: “ … très apparentées aux espèces du groupe caloneurus-angolensis, avec lesquelles elles semblent former souvent des hybrides. ”). Verdcourt also suspected that M. caloneurus, M. elegans and M. angolensis were not distinct at species rank, but “ … did not want to tamper with the classification of Duvigneaud. ” (Verdcourt 1989: 10). A critical reexamination of Duvigneaud’s collections is particularly instructive, since a fair amount of material belonging to this complex was left by him without a name; quite often, Duvigneaud’s hesitations are apparent in the form of several name changes in schedis. Obviously, Duvigneaud’s treatment, as accepted by all subsequent authors, was an overly simplified representation of a much more complex biological reality. Taxonomic difficulties are also aggravated by the ontogenic changes in hair density on both surfaces, with the upper surface of old leaves eventually becoming glabrous in all morphs, and the lower surface changing colour with ageing.	en	Meerts, Pierre, Rougelot, Quentin, Sosef, Marc (2017): Revision of the genus Monotes (Dipterocarpaceae) in D. R. Congo, with implications for Angola and its distinction from Marquesia. Phytotaxa 308 (2): 151-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1
03A1879D637CFFE1FF13FEBCFFE64407.taxon	description	Illustrations: — Figs. 3 L, 4 K, 5 H, I.	en	Meerts, Pierre, Rougelot, Quentin, Sosef, Marc (2017): Revision of the genus Monotes (Dipterocarpaceae) in D. R. Congo, with implications for Angola and its distinction from Marquesia. Phytotaxa 308 (2): 151-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1
03A1879D637CFFE1FF13FEBCFFE64407.taxon	distribution	Distribution in D. R. Congo: — Widespread in Kwango; rare in Katanga (Biano, Kundelungu). Distribution elsewhere: — Angola, Zambia (first record for that country: Mutimushi 1857 (K! )). Habitat and ecology: — In Kwango in mixed dry semi-evergreen forests of the alliance Berlinio-Marquesion, especially the association with Marquesia macroura and Uapaca nitida, subassociation with Berlinia giorgii; degraded forests (« Matumbi ») in contact with the steppic savannah (Devred 1957); miombo forests; in Upper Katanga in shrubby savannahs on Kalahari sand. Vernacular names: — Kipapa (Kiluba), mupampa, mupemba (Kiyaka). Other representative specimens examined: — D. R. CONGO. Kasaï (Kwango): Route Mawanga-Imbela, km 13, forêt claire, 19 July 1975, Breyne 2611 (BR!); Vers Munene, savane boisée, 14 April 1953, Callens 1158 (BR!); Haute-Muniungu, savane boisée, 14 April 1953, Callens 1159 (BR!, KISA); Kiwangala, forêt sèche, 22 April 1953, Callens 2952 (BR!); Bwana Mutombo, Matumbi, 7 July 1952, Callens 3126 (BRLU!, KISA); région de Imbela, forêt sèche, 2 May 1953, Callens 4121 (BR!); région de Imbela, savane boisée, 2 May 1953, Callens 4122 (BR!, KISA); Mobanga, Mikondo, sous-bois, 19 March 1955, Devred 1673 (BR!); Ingolobo (entre Popobakata et Munene), bosquet à Monotes, Uapaca, Berlinia, 27 April 1948, Duvigneaud 774 M (BRLU!); Entre Ingolobo et Munene, steppe sableux reverdi après l’incendie, 27 April 1948, Duvigneaud 779 M (BRLU!); Kenge, 30 km N de Munene, forêt claire à Brachystegia wangermeeana-Uapaca, 1 May 1948, Duvigneaud 822 (BRLU!); Kahemba, forêt claire autour de la mission, 30 May 1948, Duvigneaud 949 M (BRLU!); Kahemba, forêt de savane à Brachystegia sur sable du Kalahari, 5 October 1948, Robyns 3727 (BR!, WAG!). Upper Katanga: Kyongwe (Relevé 142), 1300 m, forêt claire, 15 May 1953, Desenfans 3226 (BRLU!); Steppe arbustive près de Lusinga (Kibara), 1650 m, Lisowski, Malaisse & Symoens 4412 (POZG!).	en	Meerts, Pierre, Rougelot, Quentin, Sosef, Marc (2017): Revision of the genus Monotes (Dipterocarpaceae) in D. R. Congo, with implications for Angola and its distinction from Marquesia. Phytotaxa 308 (2): 151-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1
03A1879D637CFFE1FF13FEBCFFE64407.taxon	discussion	Discussion: — Monotes kapiriensis was synonymized with M. discolor by Bancroft (1939 a) and with M. hypoleucus by Duvigneaud (1949). See note under var. discolor. Some collections from Kwango have very large leaves reminiscent of var. discolor, however they have fruits 12 – 15 mm in diameter and leaves with a puberulent upper surface (Callens 4122; Devred 1673). Intermediates with var. caloneurus exist: Duvigneaud 4667 M (BRLU!). Hiern (1896: 62) correctly attributes this variety to Oliver by citing “ Vatica africana Welw. ex Oliv. var. hypoleuca Oliv. ”. Oliver, in the Flora of Tropical Africa (Oliver 1868: 173) wrote: “ Vatica africana, Welw. in Linn. Trans. xxvii (ined.) t. 5 ”, clearly indicating that he did not want to publish the name. However, according to the rules of the International Code of Nomenclature (McNeill et al. 2012) the correct authority for Vatica africana is indeed Welw. ex Oliv., or just Oliv.	en	Meerts, Pierre, Rougelot, Quentin, Sosef, Marc (2017): Revision of the genus Monotes (Dipterocarpaceae) in D. R. Congo, with implications for Angola and its distinction from Marquesia. Phytotaxa 308 (2): 151-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1
03A1879D637DFFE2FF13FED4FD9F461B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: — Differs from the type variety by the following traits: leaf blade smaller, 4 – 9 (– 10) × 1.5 – 4 (– 5) cm; lower surface with indumentum of extremely short (<0.1 (– 0.2) mm), generally yellowish, crispate hairs, generally denser in areoles than on reticulum; upper surface reticulate, generally almost glabrous. Tree up to 17 m high; branchlets tomentellous, soon becoming glabrous, often striated. Leaf: petiole (3 –) 7 – 20 mm long, relatively slender (1.5 – 2 mm in diameter); blade elliptic to ovate elliptic or obovate-elliptic, 4 – 9 (– 10) × 1.5 – 4.5 (– 5) cm, obtuse to rounded to slightly cordate at the base, more rarely cuneate, obtuse to truncate or slightly emarginate at the apex, sometimes acute (f. oxyphyllinus), discolorous; upper surface generally reticulate, at first with minute flexuous simple or fasciculate scattered hairs (<0.2 mm), most often becoming almost glabrous except on nerves (more rarely persistently puberulent), sometimes viscid, rarely glandular-granulose; lower surface smoothly tomentellous, often more or less yellowish, much more rarely whitish, with extremely short coiled or crispate hairs covering the interreticular areoles most often <0.2 mm long, with the lumen occupying a third of the diameter (ca. 5 μm) or less, yellowish to whitish; midrib prominent beneath; lateral nerves in (8 –) 10 – 13 pairs, with a very strong tendency to the formation of subsidiaries, nearly straight but incurved just before and generally without reaching the margin of the leaf, pubescent to almost glabrous; reticulum on undersurface often well visible, not hidden by hairs, glabrescent, more rarely tomentellous as the areoles and less visible. Inflorescences up to 2.5 cm long, axillary, relatively lax, few-flowered, greyish-tomentose, on a long slender peduncle. Flower: pedicel 3 mm long, sepals ovate 2 – 3 mm long, woolly-tomentellous; petals 6 – 8 mm long, densely sericeous-tomentellous; stamens with connective produced into a short triangular appendage. Fruit (6 –) 8 – 12 mm in diameter, subglobose, woolly-tomentellous, generally conical and apiculate at the apex; wings shiny, red or purple, sometimes pale brown or straw coloured, (2 –) 3 – 5 × 0.4 – 1 (– 2) cm, generally narrowly oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic, markedly attenuate in the lower third, not hiding the fruit.	en	Meerts, Pierre, Rougelot, Quentin, Sosef, Marc (2017): Revision of the genus Monotes (Dipterocarpaceae) in D. R. Congo, with implications for Angola and its distinction from Marquesia. Phytotaxa 308 (2): 151-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1
03A1879D637DFFE2FF13FED4FD9F461B.taxon	description	Variation: — Our circumscription of var. angolensis is somewhat broader than M. angolensis De Wild. sensu stricto. In its typical form (leaf blade with yellow lower surface, conspicuous dark reticulum, base and apex rounded), M. angolensis is a striking and easily recognized taxon; however, typical forms are less frequent than intermediates with other forms in the complex. First, the taxonomic value of the yellow pigment in the indumentum of the lower surface of the leaf has been overestimated. Some collections with greyish indumentum do not differ from typical collections in other traits (e. g. Liben 3816; Desenfans 2619; Duvigneaud 2545 M 1, 4636 M 1 (BRLU!); Lisowski, Malaisse & Symoens 11401 (POZG!). Secondly, in its typical form, var. angolensis has a very conspicuous reticulum not covered by hairs and darker than the areoles. However, in some forms the indumentum does cover the reticulum. Monotes noldeae, known from one or two collections from Angola, is one of such forms; specimens matching the type have been found in D. R. Congo (e. g. Duvigneaud & Timperman 2402 M (BRLU! )). Such forms are closely related to Monotes oblongifolius, already synonymized with M. angolensis by Duvigneaud (1961) and because of a lack of any reliable discriminant character to maintain those taxa even at a low rank, we decided not to recognize them. The four syntypes of M. angolensis differ in pubescence of the upper surface of the leaf; Gossweiler 2893 and Gossweiler 2910, from Angola, are persistently puberulent, while Delevoy 502 and Delevoy 523, from D. R. Congo, are almost glabrous (except on nerves); those four specimens are otherwise very similar. There is apparently geographic variation in pubescence, since most of the copious material from D. R. Congo is glabrous, while material from Angola tends to be more pubescent. This once again illustrates extensive species polymorphism in Monotes, and the need of a broad species concept. It seems appropriate to choose a specimen from Angola as the lectotype; Gossweiler 2910 [barcode BR 0000008891259] is here chosen because it has flowers while the specimen Gossweiler 2893 [barcode BR 0000009860414] does not. Monotes carrissoanus, another putative endemic of Angola known from only two collections, is very similar to typical var. angolensis, having a yellowish lower surface of the leaf and strikingly contrasting darker reticulum; phenotypes matching the type were collected in Upper Katanga (e. g. Plateau de la Manika, Uapacetum robynsii en bordure de steppe, 1957, Duvigneaud 2545 M 2 (BRLU!); Nzilo, dépression avec Monotes angolensis, 14 June 1957, Duvigneaud 3517 (BRLU! )); the new material from D. R. Congo shows that the supposed discriminant characters (particular pattern of tertiary venation, long petioles) represent individual variation occurring within the polymorphic var. angolensis and intermediates with other morphs occur in Katanga (e. g. Duvigneaud & Timperman 2704; Duvigneaud 4541 M 1 (BRLU!); Duvigneaud 4653 (BRLU! )). Thus, M. carrissoanus cannot be maintained even at low rank. Dwarf forms are sometimes found (Plancke 121 / 1590, 121 / 1600 (BRLU! )), but it is unclear if such specimens represent suckers or a genuinely suffruticose variety. The shape of leaf apex and the colour of lower surface of leaf are variable; two forms can be recognized, with a range of intermediates.	en	Meerts, Pierre, Rougelot, Quentin, Sosef, Marc (2017): Revision of the genus Monotes (Dipterocarpaceae) in D. R. Congo, with implications for Angola and its distinction from Marquesia. Phytotaxa 308 (2): 151-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1
03A1879D637FFFE5FF13FB6BFDAB44FB.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: — Differs from the type variety by the following traits: indumentum of lower surface of the leaf thinner and / or sparser, with cottony or curly hairs, mostly <0.8 mm, generally not completely hiding reticulum, or, when hiding reticulum, upper surface persistently tomentellous with stellate hairs. Tree up to 15 (– 20) m high; branchlets tomentellous, becoming glabrous. Leaf: petiole 6 – 20 mm long, rather slender; leaf blade elliptic to ovate-elliptic or obovate-elliptic, (6 –) 7 – 14 (– 18) × 3 – 8.5 cm, obtuse, rounded to slightly cordate at the base, rounded to slightly emarginate at the apex; upper surface smooth, sparsely to densely puberulent or tomentellous, more or less glabrescent; hairs very short, not exceeding 0.15 (– 0.25) mm (often much shorter) and not discernible by touch, only visible with a microscope, simple, fasciculate, or stellate, variable in shape, never straight, irregularly curled, always mixed with yellow glands; lower surface discolorous, greyish, beige or whitish, with reticulum either conspicuous (hairs sparse) to inconspicuous (covered by indumentum); hairs variable in length and density, with relatively short curled to cottony hairs on the nerves and reticulation, with the lumen occupying ca. half of the diameter (ca. 8 μm), and with the interreticular areoles densely covered with minute stellate hairs; at least some hairs> 0.3 mm long; midrib prominent beneath; lateral nerves in 12 – 16 pairs (with a strong tendency to the formation of short subsidiaries) curving towards the apex just before and without reaching the margin of the leaf; veins conspicuous;. Inflorescences up to 8 cm long and 4 cm wide, axillary, pedunculate, relatively lax, many-flowered, greyish- or fulvous-tomentose; pedicels 2 – 3 mm long. Flower: sepals 3 mm long, with a dense cottony tomentum; petals 10 mm long, densely rufous-sericeous-tomentose; stamens with anthers produced into a rounded appendage. Fruit 10 – 15 mm in diameter, subglobose, rounded or slightly subconical at the apex; wings reddish or brownish, very variable in shape, suborbicular (2.5 – 2 cm in diameter) to linear (5.5 × 0.8 cm). Illustrations: — Figs. 3 N, 4 M, 5 F, G, 12 A – G.	en	Meerts, Pierre, Rougelot, Quentin, Sosef, Marc (2017): Revision of the genus Monotes (Dipterocarpaceae) in D. R. Congo, with implications for Angola and its distinction from Marquesia. Phytotaxa 308 (2): 151-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1
03A1879D637FFFE5FF13FB6BFDAB44FB.taxon	distribution	Distribution in D. R. Congo: — Lacs Edouard et Kivu, Upper Katanga, widespread. Distribution elsewhere: — Angola, Burundi, Tanzania, Zambia; widely distributed in the north of the Zambezian Region. Habitat and ecology: — Miombo woodlands on various types of soil, often on hill tops, on rocky soil; Brachystegieto-Monotetum katangense, sous-association à Brachystegia utilis (Schmitz 1971), degraded shrubby savannah on sandy soil. Vernacular names: — Kansimba (Kiholoholo), kassumba (Kibemba), kimpampa (Kibemba), mumpunge (Kihololo), muyembe (Kiluba). Uses: — Host of the edible caterpillar of the cavorting emperor moth, Usta terpsichore (Saturniidae) (Malaisse 1997); fire wood (N of Kalemie). Other representative specimens examined: — ANGOLA. Malange, January 1880, Mechow 434 (B †, M!, W!). — D. R. CONGO. Lacs Edouard et Kivu: Réserve forestière Colonie, Musingiro, April 1944, Michelson 601 (BR!). Lower Katanga: Kaniama, savane claire, March 1938, Herman 2222 (BR!). Upper Katanga: Route Baudouinville- Kapona, sol sablonneux, 17 July 1957, Devred 3480 (BR!); Plateau des Biano, 32 km N de Tenke, bosquet à Uapaca- Philippia sur sable, 3 August 1948, Duvigneaud 1318 M 2 (BRLU!); S de Biano-gare, vallon, pente sableuse, forêt claire à Brachystegia-Monotes, 6 August 1948, Duvigneaud 1350 M (BRLU!); Entre Mukumbi et Swambo, 13 km E of Swambo, forêt claire à Brachystegia spiciformis sur plateau, terre rouge profonde, Duvigneaud & Timperman 2109 (BRLU!); Mindingi, colline dominant la route, broussailles arbustives, 1 August 1956, Duvigneaud & Timperman 2190 M (BRLU!); Mukumbi, brousse très arbustive de dégradation de la forêt claire sur sol sableux gris-rose, 3 August 1956, Duvigneaud & Timperman 2195 (BRLU!); Kisenge, route de Divuma, forêt claire à Marquesia, et Isoberlinia sur terre grise compacte, 19 August 1956, Duvigneaud & Timperman 2371 (BRLU!); Mitonte, forêt claire sur terre rouge, 3 May 1957, Duvigneaud 3006 Mo (BRLU!); Tantara, forêt à Brachystegia microphylla sur colline rocheuse, 14 May 1957, Duvigneaud 3203 (BRLU!); entre Mukumbi et Swambo, forêt claire sur terre ocre compacte, 1 June 1957, Duvigneaud 3338 M 1 A (BRLU!); Entre Swambo et Mukuni, forêt claire à Brachystegia floribunda sur terre rouge, 1957, Duvigneaud 3345 M 4 (BRLU!); Musoshi, forêt claire à Marquesia macroura, 6 June 1957, Duvigneaud 3424 (BRLU!); Entre Jadotville (Likasi) et Kambove, forêt claire sur terre rouge, June 1957, Duvigneaud 3560 Mo (BRLU!); Mitwaba, verger à Dipterocarpaceae sur sol de plateau, 17 January 1960, Duvigneaud 5095 M (BRLU!); 10 km S of Mitwaba, bosquet de pente à Uapaca, 17 January 1960, Duvigneaud 5096 M (BRLU!) (“ typical M. caloneurus ” fide Duvigneaud in schedis); 12 km NW of Elisabethville (Lubumbashi), parcelle expérimentale de forêt claire sur sol ocre profond sur dolomie, Gathy 93 (BRLU!); Mukuen, January 1948, Schmitz 1332 (para-: BR!).	en	Meerts, Pierre, Rougelot, Quentin, Sosef, Marc (2017): Revision of the genus Monotes (Dipterocarpaceae) in D. R. Congo, with implications for Angola and its distinction from Marquesia. Phytotaxa 308 (2): 151-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1
03A1879D637FFFE5FF13FB6BFDAB44FB.taxon	discussion	Discussion: — Var. caloneurus is the least well-defined entity within M. hypoleucus. It comprises a group of forms, extremely variable in density and persistence of the indumentum on the upper surface, distribution and thickness of the indumentum on the lower surface and leaf size. Variation of most of these traits is continuous. Even though some combinations of traits seem more frequent than others, we have not been able to find any reliable diagnostic trait to separate M. elegans, M. caloneurus and M. schmitzii. The typification of Monotes caloneurus Gilg is problematic. Of the six specimens cited in the protologue, Schweinfurth 2678, originating form the Sudanian region belongs in M. kerstingii Gilg as already pointed out by Hutchinson & Dalziel (1927) and Bancroft (1939 a). Both Büchner 159 and Büchner 524 have been lost in Berlin and no duplicates apparently exist. Mechow 434 (W!, M!) and Mechow 455 (W!) are the only syntype specimens remaining from Angola. Mechow 434 deviates from the usual description of the taxon in having areoles mostly glabrous and indumentum restricted to the reticulum and hence, being very weakly discolorous. Mechow 455 does show the pubescent areoles and is therefore here chosen as the lectotype. The protologue of M. schmitzii cites two syntypes, collected from the same tree at two dates (Schmitz 469, with fruits; Schmitz 1332, with flowers). Schmitz 469 is here chosen as the lectotype, because it has more extensive collecting information on the label. Soon after its description, Monotes dawei was already recognized by Bancroft herself (1939 a: 354) “ … to be the least distinct member of the caloneurus group of forms … ” and to represent “ … a somewhat extreme, narrow-leaved form of M. caloneurus itself. ”. Such forms are certainly not endemic of Angola (Duvigneaud 1949: 45) (e. g. Luxen 151 (BR!) and Luxen 152 (BR!, P!), both from Lower Katanga near Kalemie, and belong in the phenetic variation space of M. hypoleucus var. caloneurus. The limits between var. caloneurus and var. hypoleucus are blurred by intermediate specimens (e. g. Desenfans s. n. (BRLU!), Desenfans 5707 (BRLU!), Duvigneaud 3676 (BRLU!), Herman 2222 (BR! )). Although there is great overlap in leaf size between var. angolensis and var. caloneurus, the largest-leaved morphs of var. angolensis tend to have a glabrous upper surface of the leaf while the smallest-leaved forms of var. caloneurus generally have a densely tomentellose upper surface.	en	Meerts, Pierre, Rougelot, Quentin, Sosef, Marc (2017): Revision of the genus Monotes (Dipterocarpaceae) in D. R. Congo, with implications for Angola and its distinction from Marquesia. Phytotaxa 308 (2): 151-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1
03A1879D6379FFE5FF13FDC8FD3040A3.taxon	description	Duvigneaud (1949: 50; 1961: 416); Engler (1921: 520); Exell & Mendonça (1951: 371); Figueiredo & Smith (2008: 67); Lebrun & Stork (1991: 144); Meerts (2016: 223); White (1962: 262; fig. 46 A). Type: — ZAMBIA. Mporokoso, 31 October 1911, Fries 1175 (holo-: S!; iso-: UPS).	en	Meerts, Pierre, Rougelot, Quentin, Sosef, Marc (2017): Revision of the genus Monotes (Dipterocarpaceae) in D. R. Congo, with implications for Angola and its distinction from Marquesia. Phytotaxa 308 (2): 151-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1
03A1879D6379FFE5FF13FDC8FD3040A3.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: — Differs from the type variety by the following traits: petiole longer, 18 – 40 mm (vs. 9 – 21 mm); fruit bigger,> 15 mm in diameter (vs. 10 – 15 mm), sepals longer (4 – 5 mm (vs. ca 3 mm); upper surface of leaf glabrous, markedly reticulate, often more or less shiny. Small tree up to 12 m high; branchlets pubescent, soon becoming glabrous. Leaf: petiole 20 – 40 mm long, ca. 3 mm in diameter; blade broadly elliptic to obovate or suborbicular, 13 – 21 × 8 – 13.5 cm, less than twice as long as wide, rounded or more often cordate at the base, rounded, truncate or emarginate at apex; upper surface green to yellowish-green, not turning brown in herbarium, finely reticulate, somewhat shiny, with numerous spherical yellow glands, glabrous except for the midrib; lower surface strikingly discolorous, whitish to cream, cottony-tomentose with curled or coiled hairs on the nerves and reticulation and completely hiding the reticulation and interreticular areoles, which are densely covered with minute stellate hairs, more rarely (f. cordatus) long hairs almost lacking and stellate hairs covering all the surface; midrib and lateral nerves slightly depressed above and very prominent beneath; lateral nerves in 16 – 21 pairs, curving towards the apex without reaching the margin of the leaf. Inflorescences axillary on young short leafy shoots; peduncles 3 – 8 cm long, relatively few-flowered and lax, densely rufous-tomentose. Flower: pedicel ca. 3 mm long, sepals 4 – 5 mm long, densely cottony-greyish-tomentose; petals ca. 10 mm long, densely fulvous-sericeous-tomentose; stamens with connective produced in a long triangular-oblong lobe ca. half as long as anther. Fruit 20 mm in diameter, subglobose, ± truncate and apiculate at the apex; wings 4.5 – 5.5 × 1 – 2 cm, brownish, spathulate, with sparse minute fasciculate hairs outside and inside.	en	Meerts, Pierre, Rougelot, Quentin, Sosef, Marc (2017): Revision of the genus Monotes (Dipterocarpaceae) in D. R. Congo, with implications for Angola and its distinction from Marquesia. Phytotaxa 308 (2): 151-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1
03A1879D6379FFE5FF13FDC8FD3040A3.taxon	description	Variation: — Var. discolor is variable in the indumentum on lower surface of the leaf and two forms can be distinguished.	en	Meerts, Pierre, Rougelot, Quentin, Sosef, Marc (2017): Revision of the genus Monotes (Dipterocarpaceae) in D. R. Congo, with implications for Angola and its distinction from Marquesia. Phytotaxa 308 (2): 151-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1
03A1879D637AFFE7FF13FBE4F8274423.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — ANGOLA. Malange, Quirima, 23 January 1931, Gossweiler 9492 (holo-: BM! [barcode BM 000603380]; iso-: COI!, K! [barcode K 000240344], LISC! [barcode LISC 019576]).	en	Meerts, Pierre, Rougelot, Quentin, Sosef, Marc (2017): Revision of the genus Monotes (Dipterocarpaceae) in D. R. Congo, with implications for Angola and its distinction from Marquesia. Phytotaxa 308 (2): 151-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1
03A1879D637AFFE7FF13FBE4F8274423.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: — Differs from the type variety in the following traits: leaf blade smaller, more or less spathulate, lower surface of leaf with secondary nerves glabrous, reddish chestnut, basal gland narrowly elliptic. Branchlets quickly glabrous, grey. Leaf: petiole 7 – 13 mm long, ca. 2 mm in diameter, blade obovate-spathulate to elliptic, 5 – 8 × 2 – 4 cm, generally at least 2.5 times longer than wide, base cuneate, apex rounded to emarginate, with 8 – 13 pairs of nerves; basal gland shiny, narrowly elliptic, 2 – 5 times longer than wide; upper surface of leaf generally reticulate, often granular (yellow sessile glands), generally glabrous, occasionally with minuscule hairs, glabrescent; lower surface discolorous, whitish to ash-greyish, with cottony indumentum covering areoles; secondary nerves and costa prominent, almost glabrous, red to chestnut coloured, contrasting with the grey-whitish indumentum; tertiary nerves generally forming a striking scalariform pattern. Flowers unknown. Fruit 8 – 10 mm, globose with an apicule, wings large, 3 – 5 × 1 – 2 cm. Illustrations: — Figs. 3 P, 4 O.	en	Meerts, Pierre, Rougelot, Quentin, Sosef, Marc (2017): Revision of the genus Monotes (Dipterocarpaceae) in D. R. Congo, with implications for Angola and its distinction from Marquesia. Phytotaxa 308 (2): 151-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1
03A1879D637AFFE7FF13FBE4F8274423.taxon	distribution	Distribution in D. R. Congo: — Kwango; Upper Katanga. Distribution elsewhere: — Angola; known only from a few collections. Habitat and ecology: — Mixed dry semi-evergreen forests (“ Mabwati ”); wooded savannahs. Other representative specimens examined: — D. R. CONGO. Kasaï (Kwango): 42 km SW Kenge, forêt claire à Uapaca, 9 May 1948, Duvigneaud 856 M. Upper Katanga: Kambove-Kamoia, 1957, Duvigneaud 3352 – 3353 (BRLU! )).	en	Meerts, Pierre, Rougelot, Quentin, Sosef, Marc (2017): Revision of the genus Monotes (Dipterocarpaceae) in D. R. Congo, with implications for Angola and its distinction from Marquesia. Phytotaxa 308 (2): 151-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1
03A1879D637AFFE7FF13FBE4F8274423.taxon	discussion	Discussion: — We have maintained this taxon after much hesitation. All the supposed diagnostic traits can actually be found in var. caloneurus and in var. angolensis and their combination in some specimens is probably fortuitous. In agreement with this hypothesis, the single collection from Katanga perfectly matches the type in leaf size and shape, but departs from it in having a pubescent upper surface of the leaf. Catarino et al. (2013) indicate that “ ... the species is known from three collections and three different localities. Two of these locations were surveyed several times after the species description, but no further collections are known ”. This, in our opinion, is another indication that this taxon represents individual variation of little taxonomic value. Intermediates with var. angolensis occur, e. g. Duvigneaud & Timperman 2402 (BRLU!), Desenfans 5919 (BRLU!), Plancke 121 / 1584 (BRLU!).	en	Meerts, Pierre, Rougelot, Quentin, Sosef, Marc (2017): Revision of the genus Monotes (Dipterocarpaceae) in D. R. Congo, with implications for Angola and its distinction from Marquesia. Phytotaxa 308 (2): 151-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1
03A1879D637BFFE8FF13FEB0FEA4478B.taxon	description	Tree up to 13 – 14 m high; branchlets tomentellous. Leaf: petiole 10 – 20 mm long, 2.5 – 3 mm in diameter; blade elliptic to oblong or obovate-oblong, 6 – 12 (– 14) × 2.7 – 7 (– 9) cm, rounded to slightly cordate at the base, obtuse to slightly emarginate and sometimes acute or apiculate at the apex; lateral nerves in 10 – 15 pairs, nearly straight, some of them furcate near the apex, nerves and bifurcations reaching the margin of the leaf; upper surface minutely tuberculatesubreticulate, scaberulous with straight or nearly straight simple hairs 0.2 – 0.5 (– 0.6) mm long, developed on minute, white tubercles, glabrescent, becoming yellowish brown to livid with age; lower surface beige to pale fulvous-pubescent with straight or curled hairs on the nerves, veins and reticulation, and with interreticular areoles covered with minute stellate hairs; midrib very thick and prominent beneath, with fasciculate hairs; reticulation very prominent below and forming deep cavities (depth ≥ 2 mm). Inflorescences of subsessile condensed multiflorous cymes forming large terminal thyrses up to 15 cm long, pale fulvous- or rufous-tomentose, often with a few reduced leaved; inflorescence leaves with upper surface indumentum comprising stellate hairs and simple straight hairs. Flower: pedicel 1 – 3 mm long; sepals 3 – 4 mm long, densely sericeous-tomentose, often with a few very reduced leaves; petals 8 – 10 mm × 2.7 – 4 mm, densely sericeous-tomentose; stamens with anthers not produced at the apex. Fruits densely crowded at the ends of the branches, subglobose, 7 – 9 mm in diameter, reticulate, tomentose, conical at the apex; wings 2.5 – 4.5 × 1 – 1.5 (– 2.3) cm, reddish purple, generally narrowly obovate-oblong to spathulate. Illustrations: — Figs. 3 Q, 4 P, 7 C, D, 8 D.	en	Meerts, Pierre, Rougelot, Quentin, Sosef, Marc (2017): Revision of the genus Monotes (Dipterocarpaceae) in D. R. Congo, with implications for Angola and its distinction from Marquesia. Phytotaxa 308 (2): 151-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1
03A1879D637BFFE8FF13FEB0FEA4478B.taxon	distribution	Distribution in D. R. Congo: — Very common in Upper Katanga. Distribution elsewhere: — Mozambique, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Habitat and ecology: — Miombo woodlands often on compact, clayey or lateritic gravelly soil; characteristic of the Brachystegieto spiciformis — Monotetum katangense vegetation on gravelly soil; scrub savannahs, dambos. Vernacular names: — Kassolo, kazongo (Kitschokwe), kimpampa, kimpanya, kipapa (Kibemba), musanga, mutenta (Kiluba), saya. Uses: — Timber. Wood hard and heavy, difficult to work; the species has ornamental value due to its bright red showy infrutescences. Other representative specimens examined: — D. R. CONGO. Upper Katanga: Lubumbashi, 25 April 1912, Bequaert 360 (BR!); Near Elisabethville [Lubumbashi], July – August 1919, Burtt-Davy 17984 (BM!); Mulumbi, June 1953, Desenfans 3456 (BRLU!); Près de Kasongo Mwana, forêt claire, 14 July 1954, Desenfans 5764 (BRLU!); Gare de Shilatembo, 31 July 1948, Duvigneaud 1276 M (BRLU!); Grottes de Jadotville, crête rocheuse d’une colline schisteuse, forêt claire à Brachystegia microphylla, 1 August 1948, Duvigneaud 1282 M (BRLU!); Dembo Atashyo, 10 km W de Mindingi, forêt dembo riche en Uapaca, 21 July 1956, Duvigneaud & Timperman 2067 (BRLU!); 15 km E de Menda, forêt claire à Uapaca, Monotes, sur latérite, 23 July 1956, Duvigneaud & Timperman 2104 (BRLU!); Kasompi, pente nue semi-désertique à petites termitières, sur grand conglomérat, à l’est de Kasompi Est, 2 September 1956, Duvigneaud & Timperman 2600 (BRLU!); Sakania, forêt claire sur terre ocre caillouteuse à Brachystegia boehmii et B. spiciformis, 31 January 1960, Duvigneaud 5361 (BRLU!); Kasompi, forêt sur terre rouge, 8 February 1960, Duvigneaud 5474 Mo (BRLU!); Lubumbashi, brousse, 15 May 1912, Homblé 325 (BR!); Près de la gare de Munama, forêt claire, 1220 m, 8 June 1959, Lukuesa 649 (BRVU!); Montagne au N de Mitwaba, savane arbustive, 30 June 1988, Pauwels 7138 (BR!); Lubumbashi, 2 November 1917, Ringoet 58 (K!); Route Lubumbashi-Likasi, km 62, forêt claire, 30 June 1962, Schaijes 1441 (BR!); Lubumbashi, 1937, Salésiens 80 (WAG!); Bangu, poste de chemin de fer entre Dilolo et Malonga, forêt claire sur sol sablonneux, August 1956, Schmitz 5351 (BR!); Lukafu, April 1900, Verdick 486 (syntype: BR!).	en	Meerts, Pierre, Rougelot, Quentin, Sosef, Marc (2017): Revision of the genus Monotes (Dipterocarpaceae) in D. R. Congo, with implications for Angola and its distinction from Marquesia. Phytotaxa 308 (2): 151-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1
03A1879D637BFFE8FF13FEB0FEA4478B.taxon	discussion	Discussion: — The protologue cites two syntypes (Verdick 486, Verdick 548); the latter is here chosen as a lectotype because it clearly shows the typical inflorescence shape of the species. M. katangensis is more variable in Katanga than in other parts of the Zambezian Region; leaves in particular are often larger than further south in the Zambezian Region. A number of collections have leaves up to 14 × 9 cm, with the apex emarginate, and a mixture of simple and fasciculate hairs on the upper surface. Such forms were designated as “ M. katangensis var. mitwabaensis ” by Duvigneaud in schedis (unpublished name). These forms, which are not rare in Katanga, especially in the region of Mitwaba, are possibly introgressed by M. autennei (e. g. Mitwaba, savane à Protea et Tephrosia manikensis sur sable sur latérite, 9 September 1956, Duvigneaud & Timperman 2694 (BRLU!); Colline Bange, forêt claire, 6 June, 1954, Desenfans 6035 (BRLU!); Lubala près de Kibanda, 28 June 1954, Desenfans 6528 (BRLU!); Bifurcation route Elisabethville et Luba, 6 August 1954, Desenfans s. n. (BRLU! )). Some forms have short hairs on the reticulum and almost no stellate hairs in the areoles (e. g. Duvigneaud & Timperman 2927 M (BRLU! )). In some specimens, young leaves have a mixed indumentum of simple and stellate hairs on the upper surface of the leaf (e. g. Duvigneaud 3548 (BRLU!), Desenfans 5649 (BRLU! )); such indulentum is apparently always present on inflorescence leaves, which no previous author had noticed. Glands are sometimes present in the axils of secondary nerves.	en	Meerts, Pierre, Rougelot, Quentin, Sosef, Marc (2017): Revision of the genus Monotes (Dipterocarpaceae) in D. R. Congo, with implications for Angola and its distinction from Marquesia. Phytotaxa 308 (2): 151-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1
03A1879D6374FFE8FF13FD58FDD540CF.taxon	description	1961: 412); Engler (1921: 520); Gilg (1908 b: 290); Lebrun & Stork (1991: 144); Meerts (2016: 223); Verdcourt (1989: 7; 6: Fig. 2); White (1962: 263; fig. 46 G)	en	Meerts, Pierre, Rougelot, Quentin, Sosef, Marc (2017): Revision of the genus Monotes (Dipterocarpaceae) in D. R. Congo, with implications for Angola and its distinction from Marquesia. Phytotaxa 308 (2): 151-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1
03A1879D6374FFE8FF13FD58FDD540CF.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — TANZANIA. Makombe (Prov. Iringa), lande der Uhehe, an trockenen Bergabhängen auf rotem Laterit, February 1898, Götze 680 (B †). Shrub to small tree up to 8 m. high; branchlets pubescent, becoming glabrous, thick (up to 1 cm). Leaf: petiole 20 – 35 mm long, 3 – 4 mm thick; blade suborbicular to broadly ovate, 12 – 45 × 9 – 30 cm, cordate at the base, emarginate at the apex; lateral nerves in (9 –) 10 – 11 (– 12) pairs (with a weak tendency to formation of short subsidiaries), slightly depressed above, slightly curving towards the apex, many of them producing 1 – 3 bifurcations on the side nearest the base of the leaf before reaching the margin, nerves and bifurcations anastomosing on the thickened margin; upper surface finely reticulate, substrigose, with straight single hairs 0.5 – 1.5 mm long; extra leaf-glands in the axils of the lateral nerves; lower surface discolorous, greyish- or brownish-floccose-tomentose, with relatively long dense curled hairs on the nerves and veins, and with the reticulations and interreticular areoles covered with minute stellate hairs, costa and veins very prominent and conspicuous, tertiary veins often forming a scalariform pattern, reticulation partially hidden by hairs, costa covered with dense straight simple hairs. Inflorescences axillary, few-flowered, subsessile, often condensed in subterminal clusters, densely rufous-tomentose. Flower: pedicel 3 – 6 mm long; sepals ca. 7 mm long, rufous-sericeous-tomentose; petals 11 – 12 mm long, rufous-sericeous-tomentose; stamens with anthers produced into a short triangular apiculus. Fruit subspherical, 13 – 35 mm in diameter, slightly depressed at the apex, brownish, subsericeous-pubescent; wings 4.5 – 11 × 2 · 5 – 3 cm, yellow or reddish, broadly oblanceolate.	en	Meerts, Pierre, Rougelot, Quentin, Sosef, Marc (2017): Revision of the genus Monotes (Dipterocarpaceae) in D. R. Congo, with implications for Angola and its distinction from Marquesia. Phytotaxa 308 (2): 151-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1
03A1879D6374FFE8FF13FD58FDD540CF.taxon	description	Variation: — This species is vary variable as to size of leaf, fruit and fruit wings; the traits are correlated. Two varieties can be recognized.	en	Meerts, Pierre, Rougelot, Quentin, Sosef, Marc (2017): Revision of the genus Monotes (Dipterocarpaceae) in D. R. Congo, with implications for Angola and its distinction from Marquesia. Phytotaxa 308 (2): 151-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1
03A1879D6374FFE9FF13F979F8C9476F.taxon	description	Illustrations: — Figs. 3 R, 4 Q.	en	Meerts, Pierre, Rougelot, Quentin, Sosef, Marc (2017): Revision of the genus Monotes (Dipterocarpaceae) in D. R. Congo, with implications for Angola and its distinction from Marquesia. Phytotaxa 308 (2): 151-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1
03A1879D6374FFE9FF13F979F8C9476F.taxon	distribution	Distribution in D. R. Congo: — Upper Katanga. Distribution elsewhere: — Malawi, Tanzania, Zambia. Habitat and ecology: — Wooded savannah, scrub, steppic savannah, often at the periphery of mineralised clearings. Vernacular names: — Kimpampa (Kibemba). Other representative specimens examined: — D. R. CONGO. Upper Katanga: Mitwaba, route entre Mitwaba et Kiubo, 26 km au sud du poste, steppe sec très arbustive à Uapaca robynsii sur 70 cm de limon ocre sur grenaille latéritique, 11 September 1956, Duvigneaud & Timperman 2731 M 2 (BRLU!); Mitwaba, steppe arbustif sur sol riche en étain, 1 July 1957, Duvigneaud 3799 M 3 (BRLU!); Kakanda, signal I, bosquet de pente à Uapaca robynsii sur sol légèrement cuprifère, 29 November 1959, Duvigneaud 4826 M (BRLU!); Shinkolobwe, dembo arbustif dans plaine latéritique, 23 December 1959, Duvigneaud 4752 M (BRLU!); Kakanda, écotone entre gisements de pente et forêt claire, 29 December 1959, Duvigneaud 4828 M (BRLU!); 50 km S Mitwaba, steppe arbustif à Uapaca robynsii, 17 January 1960, Duvigneaud 5099 (BRLU!); Kisomona, in bush, 10 March 1908, Kassner 2559 (K!); Kabambare- Kapuku, forêt claire, 27 September 1952, Symoens 869 (BRLU!).	en	Meerts, Pierre, Rougelot, Quentin, Sosef, Marc (2017): Revision of the genus Monotes (Dipterocarpaceae) in D. R. Congo, with implications for Angola and its distinction from Marquesia. Phytotaxa 308 (2): 151-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1
03A1879D6374FFE9FF13F979F8C9476F.taxon	discussion	Discussion: — Malaisse 16362 (BR!) is intermediate between M. magnificus and M. adenophyllus. Duvigneaud 4828 M has deeply emarginated leaves (like M. autennei), but all the other traits are typical. Duvigneaud 3206 M (BRLU!) is an example of intermediate specimen between var. magnificus and var. gigantophyllus.	en	Meerts, Pierre, Rougelot, Quentin, Sosef, Marc (2017): Revision of the genus Monotes (Dipterocarpaceae) in D. R. Congo, with implications for Angola and its distinction from Marquesia. Phytotaxa 308 (2): 151-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1
03A1879D6375FFE9FF13FD7CFD53437B.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — D. R. CONGO. Upper Katanga, in sylvis siccis prope Kasenga, 19 August 1948, Duvigneaud 1395 M (holo-: BRLU! [barcode BRLU 0000090020698], iso-: BRLU (3 sheets )).	en	Meerts, Pierre, Rougelot, Quentin, Sosef, Marc (2017): Revision of the genus Monotes (Dipterocarpaceae) in D. R. Congo, with implications for Angola and its distinction from Marquesia. Phytotaxa 308 (2): 151-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1
03A1879D6375FFE9FF13FD7CFD53437B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: — Differs from the type variety in being a tortuose low shrub up to 3 m high, with much larger leaves 25 – 45 × 17 – 30 cm, bigger fruits 20 – 35 mm in diameter and fruit wings 8 – 11 cm long. Illustration: — Fig. 5 J.	en	Meerts, Pierre, Rougelot, Quentin, Sosef, Marc (2017): Revision of the genus Monotes (Dipterocarpaceae) in D. R. Congo, with implications for Angola and its distinction from Marquesia. Phytotaxa 308 (2): 151-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1
03A1879D6375FFE9FF13FD7CFD53437B.taxon	distribution	Distribution in D. R. Congo: — Upper Katanga (Fig. 16 E). Endemic of D. R. Congo. Habitat and ecology: — Wooded savannah, open miombo woodland, dambos, grassy savannah, occasionnally on slightly mineralised soil. Other representative specimens examined: — D. R. CONGO. Upper Katanga: Kasenga, forêt claire, 20 August 1949, Duvigneaud 1400 (BRLU!); Kakontwe, dembo à Brachystegia stipulata en contrebas des collines rocheuses, 15 July 1956, Duvigneaud & Timperman 2031 Mo (BRLU!); Mukumbi, dembo incendié à Cryptosepalum, Loudetia simplex, 3 August 1956, Duvigneaud & Timperman 2196 (BRLU!); Kisenge-Kamata, haute savane sur épaisse terre brune manganésifère, 16 August 1956, Duvigneaud & Timperman 2324 (BRLU!); Kisenga-Kamata, forêt sur sol léger à Brachystegia longifolia, 18 August 1956, Duvigneaud & Timperman 2364 (BRLU!); Mitwaba, 26 km au sud du poste, steppe sec arbustif à Uapaca robynsii sur 70 cm de limon ocre sur grenaille latéritique, Duvigneaud & Timperman 2731 (BRLU!); Route Sogefor, steppe à Vellozia sur colline minéralisée, 19 June 1957, Duvigneaud 3588 (BRLU!); Tilwizembe, verger de pente enrochée en contrebas du dembo d’empoisonnement, 15 December 1959, Duvigneaud 4597 (BRLU!); Shinkolobwe, dembo arbustif dans une plaine latéritique, 23 December 1959, Duvigneaud 4752 M (BRLU!); Village Kilembi, près de Katofio, bord de route, 1230 m, Lukuesa 242 (LSHI!); Tilwizembe, forêt claire, 23 September 1956, Plancke 133 / 1792 (BRLU!); Route Katofio-Msipashi, contreforts des Kundelungu, forêt claire à Brachystegia, 9 September 1954, Schmitz 4653 (BR!); Kilembi, près de Katofio, bord de route près du village, 5 September 1957, Symoens 242 (BRLU!).	en	Meerts, Pierre, Rougelot, Quentin, Sosef, Marc (2017): Revision of the genus Monotes (Dipterocarpaceae) in D. R. Congo, with implications for Angola and its distinction from Marquesia. Phytotaxa 308 (2): 151-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1
03A1879D6375FFE9FF13FD7CFD53437B.taxon	discussion	Discussion: — M. gigantophyllus and M. magnificus differ in no qualitative trait, and the variation in leaf size is virtually continuous. Therefore, species rank does not seem justified and the varietal level was deemed the mostappropriate.	en	Meerts, Pierre, Rougelot, Quentin, Sosef, Marc (2017): Revision of the genus Monotes (Dipterocarpaceae) in D. R. Congo, with implications for Angola and its distinction from Marquesia. Phytotaxa 308 (2): 151-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1
03A1879D6375FFEAFF13F948FE5A4013.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — ANGOLA. In open forest in lower part of pass leading down to Lubango, l 785 m, May 8, 1909, Pearson 2649 (holo-: K! [barcode K 000240339]; iso-: BRLU! (fragm.), FHO). Small tree up to 6 m high; young twigs more or less pubescent, glabrescent. Leaf: petiole 10 – 16 (– 21) mm long, 1.5 mm in diameter, shortly pubescent; blade very variable in shape even on the same branch, obovate to elliptic or ovate-elliptic, (4.5 –) 6 – 11.5 × (1.5 –) 2.5 – 6.5 (– 7) cm, base rounded, truncate or slighlty cordate, apex rounded or emarginate, more rarely obtuse; secondary nerves in 10 – 14 pairs, distally curved and tangent to leaf margin, short intercalary nerves often present; upper surface markedly reticulate, with indumentum just perceptible, soft to the touch, persistent, with a mixture of short simple and geminate more less erect, curved or flexuous hairs (0.2 – 0.4 mm) and numerous yellow glands, becoming brownish when dry, secondary and tertiary nerves generally impressed; lower surface discolorous, whitish to greyish, with reticulum well visible though not very prominent, often with a reddish tinge; areoles covered with small stellate hairs and reticulum with curled hairs (ca. 0.5 mm long), costa with fulvous indumentum of very short curled hairs. Inflorescence of narrow axillary racemose cymes of 1 – 4 cm long and 1 – 1.5 cm wide, with rachis densely tomentose. Flower: pedicel ca. 2 mm long, sepals broadly ovate-triangular, ca. 3 × 2.5 mm; petals ca. 9 × 3 mm, 8 - nerved; anthers with conspicuous appendage. Fruit slightly depressed, ca. 18 mm in diameter; wings (materials from Angola) up to 8 × 2 cm, red, unguiculate at base, acute at apex. Illustrations: — Figs. 3 S, 4 R, 8 E.	en	Meerts, Pierre, Rougelot, Quentin, Sosef, Marc (2017): Revision of the genus Monotes (Dipterocarpaceae) in D. R. Congo, with implications for Angola and its distinction from Marquesia. Phytotaxa 308 (2): 151-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1
03A1879D6375FFEAFF13F948FE5A4013.taxon	distribution	Distribution in D. R. Congo: — Upper Katanga (first record for D. R. Congo). Distribution elsewhere: — Angola; taxon knwown from few collections. Habitat and ecology: — Wooded slopes on shallow rocky soil. Other representative specimens examined: — D. R. CONGO. Upper Katanga: Kisenge-Kapolo, forêt sur sol léger à Brachystegia longifolia, 18 August 1956, Duvigneaud & Timperman 2364 (BRLU!); Entre Mukumbi et Swambo, forêt sur terre ocre à Brachystegia “ Sandwe ” et Monotes sp., 28 December 1959, Duvigneaud 4798 M (BRLU!); Kasekelesa, restes de la forêt primitive entre les carrières de Mn, 24 January 1960, Duvigneaud 5233 M (BRLU! )); Nzilo, forêt-verger à Monotes div. sp. enrochée, sur phyllades kibariennes, 27 January 1960, Duvigneaud 5268 M 3 (BRLU!).	en	Meerts, Pierre, Rougelot, Quentin, Sosef, Marc (2017): Revision of the genus Monotes (Dipterocarpaceae) in D. R. Congo, with implications for Angola and its distinction from Marquesia. Phytotaxa 308 (2): 151-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1
03A1879D6375FFEAFF13F948FE5A4013.taxon	discussion	Discussion: — M. pearsonii was previously known from only three collections in southern Angola. ca. 1000 km south-west of the nearest Congolese localities. The new collections, though without fruits, have the characteristic pattern of pubescence of the type. They allow a more complete assessment of the variation in the species. The Katangan specimens are indeed much more variable in leaf shape than the Angolan ones; leaf shape sometimes varies on the same branch. In particular, some Katangan collections break down one of the supposedly diagnostic traits of the species, i. e. the possession of obovate leaves. However, we were not able to find any diagnostic trait to justify treating the Katangan material as a distinct taxon. Our circumscription of M. pearsonii is thus broader than previously defined based on just the scarce materials from Angola. The type specimen has very large unguiculate fruit wings, but M. pearsonii has not been collected in fruit in D. R. Congo. At first sight, M. pearsonii is deceptively similar to some forms of M. hypoleucus var. caloneurus. However, M. pearsonii differs in the upper surface of the leaf being markedly reticulate and with hairs longer and stiffer, just perceptible to the touch. The hairs of M. pearsonii are ca. 12 μm in diameter, with a well-developed lumen of 4 μm; those of M. caloneurus are variable in thickness along their length (5 – 12 μm) and with the lumen almost obliterated at places.	en	Meerts, Pierre, Rougelot, Quentin, Sosef, Marc (2017): Revision of the genus Monotes (Dipterocarpaceae) in D. R. Congo, with implications for Angola and its distinction from Marquesia. Phytotaxa 308 (2): 151-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1
03A1879D6376FFEBFF13FAA0F898476E.taxon	description	(2008: 67); Lebrun & Stork (1991: 144); Meerts (2016: 223)	en	Meerts, Pierre, Rougelot, Quentin, Sosef, Marc (2017): Revision of the genus Monotes (Dipterocarpaceae) in D. R. Congo, with implications for Angola and its distinction from Marquesia. Phytotaxa 308 (2): 151-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1
03A1879D6376FFEBFF13FAA0F898476E.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — ANGOLA. Huila, 12 July 1928, Bonnefoux & Villain 57 (holo-: P! [barcode P 00389102]; iso-: BM! [barcode BM 000603381], BRLU! (fragm. )). Small tree (height unknown). Twigs pubescent to densely tomentose; stipules reddish, ciliate, more or less persistent. Leaf: petiole 11 – 40 mm long, pubescent; blade very variable in shape (even on the same twig), ovate, ovate-elliptic, elliptic, obovate, more rarely suborbicular, (4.5 –) 6 – 17.5 × 3 – 13 cm, rounded to slightly cordate at the base, generally emarginate or, more rarely, with a short broad acumen, often with the main nerve protruding in a short blunt mucro; secondary nerves 8 – 14 pairs; basal gland red, subsidiary red glands present along secondary nerves or at their axil; upper surface of leaf glabrous to pubescent, markedly reticulate and generally more or less shining, with the costa and secondary nerves somewhat impressed and with a fringe of simple hairs; lower surface of leaf with the costa, secondary nerves and reticulum very prominent, almost glabrous to hirsute; secondary nerves anastomosing in arches tangent to the margin, with a tendency of some nerves to be distally forked or ramified; leaf margin often more or less sinuose, recurved, generally thickened by an intra-marginal vein; lower surface of blade concolorous to discolorous, with the areoles glabrous to stellate-pubescent; yellow glands present on veins and areoles. Inflorescence: a thyrse, in the axil of current year leaves or on previous year’s growth; peduncle 1 – 8 cm, pubescent; bracts reddish, ciliate, generally persistent; flowers: pedicel 1 – 2 mm long, sepals broadly ovate-elliptic 3 – 5 × 2 – 4 mm, petals 8 – 12 × 4 – 5 mm, whitish with a reddish tinge within, stamens 5 – 8 mm long, anther with conspicuous appendage. Fruit ovoid, ca. 10 × 7 mm, with a conical apex; wings obovate, 2.0 – 4.0 × 0.8 – 1.5 cm, pale reddish.	en	Meerts, Pierre, Rougelot, Quentin, Sosef, Marc (2017): Revision of the genus Monotes (Dipterocarpaceae) in D. R. Congo, with implications for Angola and its distinction from Marquesia. Phytotaxa 308 (2): 151-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1
03A1879D6376FFEBFF13FAA0F898476E.taxon	discussion	Discussion: — In Katanga, the collections that can be referred to Monotes rubriglans carry the most diagnostic traits of the species, i. e. the red basal gland, the tendency to form subsidiary glands, the reddish colours present in bracts, stipules and petals, and the markedly reticulate-areolate and more or less shiny upper surface of the leaf, with a fringe of cilia on the secondary nerves. The reticulation on the lower surface is also similar to the type, with the nerves anastomosing in arches tangent to the margin, and a tendency of some nerves to be distally forked or ramified. However, the Katangan collections depart from the type in having more pubescent twigs and leaves. They share a distinct, remarkable inflorescence architecture, having the flowers in long pedunculate thyrses on previous year’s growth under the leaves. The inflorescence appears to consist of a specialised twig comprising a few reduced leaves. This particular inflorescence architecture is considered unique within Monotes, where flowers are born in terminal panicles and / or in cymes in the axils of leaves on current year’s growth. We here propose to recognize the Katangan collections as a distinct subspecies. Monotes rubriglans is a very poorly known taxon. For the type subspecies, in addition to the type specimen, Catarino et al. (2013) cite three collections from Angola. However, all of these depart from the type in many respects and probably do not belong here. More material is needed, especially from the type locality.	en	Meerts, Pierre, Rougelot, Quentin, Sosef, Marc (2017): Revision of the genus Monotes (Dipterocarpaceae) in D. R. Congo, with implications for Angola and its distinction from Marquesia. Phytotaxa 308 (2): 151-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1
03A1879D6371FFEDFF13FD0AFE2141F9.taxon	description	Young twigs densely tomentose. Leaf: petiole 7 – 10 mm long, 1 – 1.5 mm in diameter; blade narrowly elliptic, 4 – 8.5 × 1.5 – 3.6 cm, cuneate to rounded at base, acute to rounded at apex; secondary nerves in ca. 10 – 14 pairs, frequently with subsidiaries, straight, looping just before margin; upper surface reticulate, subglabrous; basal gland longer than wide; lower surface with reticulum araneose-tomentose, areoles glabrous, costa and nerves densely tomentose.	en	Meerts, Pierre, Rougelot, Quentin, Sosef, Marc (2017): Revision of the genus Monotes (Dipterocarpaceae) in D. R. Congo, with implications for Angola and its distinction from Marquesia. Phytotaxa 308 (2): 151-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1
03A1879D6371FFEDFF13FD0AFE2141F9.taxon	distribution	Distribution: — Upper Katanga. Habitat and ecology: — Miombo woodland. Specimens examined: — D. R. CONGO. Upper Katanga: Forêt claire, plateau des Kundelungu, 1550 m, 27 October 1969, Lisowski, Malaisse & Symoens 7578 (LSHI!); 23 km WNW du poste de Lualaba (Kundelungu), bord d’un petit torrent au-dessus de l’escarpement rocheux, 1 km à droite de la chute de Kaloba, 7 January 1970, Lisowski, Malaisse & Symoens 9242 (LSHI!, POZG!).	en	Meerts, Pierre, Rougelot, Quentin, Sosef, Marc (2017): Revision of the genus Monotes (Dipterocarpaceae) in D. R. Congo, with implications for Angola and its distinction from Marquesia. Phytotaxa 308 (2): 151-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1
03A1879D6371FFEDFF13FD0AFE2141F9.taxon	discussion	Discussion: — Both collections perfectly match the type of Monotes redheadii Duvigneaud (1959: 101), a species known from Zambia and Angola, except for the glabrous upper surface of leaf; Lisowski, Malaisse & Symoens 8940 (POZG!) is glabrous on both surfaces.	en	Meerts, Pierre, Rougelot, Quentin, Sosef, Marc (2017): Revision of the genus Monotes (Dipterocarpaceae) in D. R. Congo, with implications for Angola and its distinction from Marquesia. Phytotaxa 308 (2): 151-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1
03A1879D6371FFEDFF13FACAFF9A43D5.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — ANGOLA (?). Sine loco, sine dato (holo-: P! [barcode P 054013988]; iso-: BRLU! (fragm.); photo: BM!, K!).	en	Meerts, Pierre, Rougelot, Quentin, Sosef, Marc (2017): Revision of the genus Monotes (Dipterocarpaceae) in D. R. Congo, with implications for Angola and its distinction from Marquesia. Phytotaxa 308 (2): 151-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1
03A1879D6371FFEDFF13FACAFF9A43D5.taxon	discussion	Discussion: — Monotes glandulosus Pierre is an enigmatic taxon known from the type specimen only, probably from Angola. Bancroft (1939 a) interpreted it as very closely related to M. delevoyi. Duvigneaud (1949) argued that it was almost similar to M. mutetetwa. The type specimen has oblong leaves with irregular margin, glabrous areoles, reticulum with curled hairs and upper surface with remains of short stiff hairs (ca. 0.25 mm long). Such a phenotype combines traits of M. dasyanthus var. mutetetwa and M. adenophyllus var. adenophyllus and a hybrid origin is possible. Some collections from D. R. Congo approach the type of M. glandulosus, especially Callens 3034 (BM!, BR!), Duvigneaud 2530 M 2 (BRLU!); Duvigneaud 3071 (BRLU!).	en	Meerts, Pierre, Rougelot, Quentin, Sosef, Marc (2017): Revision of the genus Monotes (Dipterocarpaceae) in D. R. Congo, with implications for Angola and its distinction from Marquesia. Phytotaxa 308 (2): 151-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1
03A1879D6371FFEDFF13FF12FD9E47B9.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: — Differs from Monotes pearsonii in having broader leaves, uniformously maroon when dry, with completely glabrous areoles below; the pubescence pattern and reticulation of the upper surface is similar to that of M. pearsonii.	en	Meerts, Pierre, Rougelot, Quentin, Sosef, Marc (2017): Revision of the genus Monotes (Dipterocarpaceae) in D. R. Congo, with implications for Angola and its distinction from Marquesia. Phytotaxa 308 (2): 151-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1
03A1879D6371FFEDFF13FF12FD9E47B9.taxon	distribution	Distribution: — Upper Katanga. Endemic of D. R. Congo. Habitat and ecology: — Miombo woodland. Specimens examined: — D. R. CONGO. Upper Katanga: Kasompi ouest, forêt claire sur terre rouge profonde, S du gisement, 27 July 1956, Duvigneaud & Timperman 2136 (BRLU!); entre Jadotville (Likasi) et Shinkolobwe, forêt de plateau à Brachystegia utilis, sur schiste, 28 December 1959, Duvigneaud 4791 M 2 (BRLU!); Luishia, forêt claire de pente enrochée à Brachystegia utilis, 28 January 1960, Duvigneaud 5292 M (BRLU!).	en	Meerts, Pierre, Rougelot, Quentin, Sosef, Marc (2017): Revision of the genus Monotes (Dipterocarpaceae) in D. R. Congo, with implications for Angola and its distinction from Marquesia. Phytotaxa 308 (2): 151-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1
03A1879D6371FFEDFF13FF12FD9E47B9.taxon	discussion	Discussion: — This taxon might be a variety of Monotes pearsonii with glabrous areoles on the lower surface of the leaf. It is also reminiscent of M. africanus, from which it differs mainly by the pubescent upper surface of the leaf and the broader leaves.	en	Meerts, Pierre, Rougelot, Quentin, Sosef, Marc (2017): Revision of the genus Monotes (Dipterocarpaceae) in D. R. Congo, with implications for Angola and its distinction from Marquesia. Phytotaxa 308 (2): 151-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.1
