taxonID	type	description	language	source
03A12C184324C156CC831D85B374F979.taxon	description	Description. Animals white in alcohol. Dorsal body setae short on anterior and posterior part of the great abdomen, the posterior setae much longer than the anterior (Fig. 1 A), posterior setae 0.56 times length of third unguis (Table 2). Ant. IV of holotype as long as cephalic diagonal, with five subsegments, apex with capitate sense rod (Fig. 1 B). Ant. III not swollen basally; sense organ (Fig. 1 C) with 2 sense rods in separate sockets; seta Aai club-shaped, blunt; Api and Ape slender, acuminate; Ae, Ap and Ai normal, elongate setae. 1 + 1 eyes. Dorsal cephalic setae not spine-like, M 5 absent (Fig. 1 D). Metatrochanteral organ (seta D 2) elongate (Fig. 1 E). Seta FSa present on all tibiotarsi. All ungues with inner tooth, no tunica. All unguiculi with corner tooth, apical filament reaching unguis tip of first and second claw pairs (Fig. 1 F). Corpus tenaculum with two setae (Fig. 1 G). Dens with 7 dorsal E setae, E 1 and E 3 strongly spine-like, other E setae normal; L 1 – 3 strongly spine-like, 4 ventral setae rows (3,2,1,1) present (Fig. 1 H), dental chaetotaxy in Table 3. Mucro narrow, gutter-like, with narrow tip, both edges serrate (Fig. 1 I). Anal valve without cuticular spines (Fig. 1 J); setae C 1 swollen, C 3 – 4 slightly lamellate, C 5 – 6 lamellate, C 6 branched at base in all specimens examined, D 5 present, D 7 absent, chaetotaxy in Table 4. Female subanal appendage unilaterally fringed in distal half (Fig. 1 K).	en	Zeppelini, Douglas, Taylor, Steven J., Slay, Michael E. (2009): Cave Pygmarrhopalites Vargovitsh, 2009 (Collembola, Symphypleona, Arrhopalitidae) in United States. Zootaxa 2204: 1-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189689
03A12C184324C156CC831D85B374F979.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype (female) (number 2 in the slide): USA, MISSOURI, Pulaski Co., Folly Cave, 12 - iv- 04, S. Taylor, M. Slay leg. (INHS). Paratypes: female, in the same slide with holotype and 5 paratypes in alcohol: USA, MISSOURI, Pulaski Co., Folly Cave, 12 - iv- 04, S. Taylor, M. Slay leg. (INHS).	en	Zeppelini, Douglas, Taylor, Steven J., Slay, Michael E. (2009): Cave Pygmarrhopalites Vargovitsh, 2009 (Collembola, Symphypleona, Arrhopalitidae) in United States. Zootaxa 2204: 1-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189689
03A12C184324C156CC831D85B374F979.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Refers to the military installation, Fort Leonard Wood, where the species is known to occur.	en	Zeppelini, Douglas, Taylor, Steven J., Slay, Michael E. (2009): Cave Pygmarrhopalites Vargovitsh, 2009 (Collembola, Symphypleona, Arrhopalitidae) in United States. Zootaxa 2204: 1-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189689
03A12C184324C156CC831D85B374F979.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Pygmarrhopalites leonardwoodensis was found in a single cave in Fort Leonard Wood, a military installation at the physiographic province Salem Plateau of the Ozark Plateaus. The climate is Cfa, temperate / mesothermal, humid subtropical with uniform precipitation distribution. This species resembles P. madonnensis from Illinois in the foot complexes, head and apical organ of the third antennal segment chaetotaxies, and fourth antennal segment subsegmentation. The strongly serrated lamellae on C 4 – 6 of P. madonnensis, and the short posterior body setae, the female subanal appendages, the presence of E 7 and the L 3 strongly spine-like on dens in P. leonardwoodensis can differentiate the species from each other. Tibiotarsus 2 width 29.78 24.17 38.47 38.35 25.68 25.57 continued next page 1 Abbreviations in parentheses are used in the table above: Antennae and head: Apical subsegment of the fourth antennal segment (apic-antIV), second subsegment of the fourth antennal segment (antIV sub seg 2), third subsegment (antIV sub seg 3), fourth subsegment (antIV sub seg 4), fifth subsegment (antIV sub seg 5), sixth subsegment (antIV sub seg 6), basal subsegment of the fourth antennal segment (bas-antIV), total length of the fourth antennal segment (Total AntIV), longest seta of the segment (Longest Seta AntIV), widest subsegment of the fourth antennal segment (Widest Subseg AntIV), ratio of the longest seta and the widest subsegment width (ratio Lseta / Wsubseg), ratio of antIV total length and cephalic diagonal (Ratio AntIV / cep-diag), cephalic diagonal (cep-diag), ratio of apical subsegment and total length of fourth antennal segment (ratio Apical subseg / total AntIV), ratio of basal subsegment and total length of fourth antennal segment (ratio Basal subseg / total AntIV); Body: length of the posterior body seta (post-bd-st), maximum length of the third unguis (ung-III), ratio of posterior body seta and the third unguis length (ratio post-bd-st / ung-III), Total Body Length; Legs: length and width of coxa, trochanter, femur and tibia of all legs, ratio of length and width for each leg segment; Dens: dens length, dens width, ratio of length and width of dens (Length / Width Ratio-Dens).	en	Zeppelini, Douglas, Taylor, Steven J., Slay, Michael E. (2009): Cave Pygmarrhopalites Vargovitsh, 2009 (Collembola, Symphypleona, Arrhopalitidae) in United States. Zootaxa 2204: 1-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189689
03A12C184323C154CC8318BAB307FA22.taxon	description	Description. No traces of pigment, dorsal body setae short on anterior, longer on posterior part of great abdomen, posterior setae about same length as third unguis (Table 2). Ant. IV of holotype 1.32 times cephalic diagonal, with five subsegments (Fig. 2 A), apex with capitate sense rod. Ant. III not swollen basally; sense organ (Fig. 2 B) with 2 parallel sense rods in single socket; seta Aai club-shaped, acuminate; Api and Ape short, slender and acuminate; Ae, Ap and Ai normal, elongate setae. 1 + 1 eyes. Dorsal cephalic setae not spine-like, M 5 present, L 1 – 2 not seen (Fig. 2 C). Metatrochanteral organ elongate (Fig. 2 D). Seta FSa present on all tibiotarsi. All ungues with inner tooth, no tunica. First and second unguiculi with conspicuous corner tooth, third unguiculus slender, lanceolate, with tiny corner tooth in distal third, all unguiculi with apical filament exceeding unguis tip in first and second claw pairs (Fig. 2 E). Corpus tenaculum with two setae (Fig. 2 F). Dens with 7 dorsal E setae, E 1 and E 3 strongly spine-like, other E setae normal; L 1 – 3 strongly spine-like, 4 ventral setae rows (3,2,1,1) present (Fig. 2 G), dental chaetotaxy in Table 3. Mucro narrow, gutter-like, with spoon shaped or globular tip, both edges serrate. Anal valve without cuticular spines (Fig. 2 H); setae C 1 forked, C 2 swollen, C 3 – 4 slightly lamellate, C 4 branched at base, C 5 – 6 lamellate, D 5 present, chaetotaxy in Table 4. Female subanal appendage fringed at tip (Fig. 2 I). Dental chaetotaxy Ant. iv Ant. iii Eyes per Ceph. Id ve ve Species subd. basal side spines E 1 E 2 E 3 E 6 E 7 2 - 3 L 1 L 2 L 3 L 4 1 5 P. ashcraftensis 6 - 1 - S + S + + + S S s + + - P. leonardwoodensis 5 - 1 - S + S + + + S S S - + - P. buffaloensis 6 - 1 - S + + + + + S + + - + - P. youngsteadtii 7 - 1 - S + S + + + S s - - + - P. plethorasari 5 - 1 - S + S + + + S S s - + - P. shoshoneiensis 7 - 1 v - S + + + + + S s s - + - + = present, - = absent, S = strongly spine-like, s = spine-like, v = vestigial.	en	Zeppelini, Douglas, Taylor, Steven J., Slay, Michael E. (2009): Cave Pygmarrhopalites Vargovitsh, 2009 (Collembola, Symphypleona, Arrhopalitidae) in United States. Zootaxa 2204: 1-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189689
03A12C184323C154CC8318BAB307FA22.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype (female) (number 1 in the slide): USA, MISSOURI, Pulaski Co., Big Freeman Cave, 9 - i- 04, S. Taylor, M. Slay leg. (INHS). Paratypes: female in the same slide with holotype and 3 females: USA, MISSOURI, Pulaski Co., Ramsey Cave, 9 - i- 04, S. Taylor, M. Slay leg. (INHS). 8 paratypes in alcohol, same locality as the latter ones (INHS).	en	Zeppelini, Douglas, Taylor, Steven J., Slay, Michael E. (2009): Cave Pygmarrhopalites Vargovitsh, 2009 (Collembola, Symphypleona, Arrhopalitidae) in United States. Zootaxa 2204: 1-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189689
03A12C184323C154CC8318BAB307FA22.taxon	etymology	Etymology. An anagram of the name of the type genus of the family, Arrhopalites.	en	Zeppelini, Douglas, Taylor, Steven J., Slay, Michael E. (2009): Cave Pygmarrhopalites Vargovitsh, 2009 (Collembola, Symphypleona, Arrhopalitidae) in United States. Zootaxa 2204: 1-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189689
03A12C184323C154CC8318BAB307FA22.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Pygmarrhopalites plethorasari was found in caves of the Fort Leonard Wood military installation, close to each other in the physiographic province Salem Plateau of the Ozark Plateaus, the climate is Cfa. This species resembles P. hubbardi from Colorado in the apical filament of feet complexes, dental chaetotaxy, and the forked C 1 seta on the anal valve. The fourth antennal subsegmentation and the basal swelling of the third antennal segment of P. hubbardi, the female subanal appendages, and the lamellate C setae on anal valve of P. plethorasari differentiate these species from each other.	en	Zeppelini, Douglas, Taylor, Steven J., Slay, Michael E. (2009): Cave Pygmarrhopalites Vargovitsh, 2009 (Collembola, Symphypleona, Arrhopalitidae) in United States. Zootaxa 2204: 1-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189689
03A12C184321C15ACC831812B68CF9CA.taxon	description	Description. Red pigment on and around eyes, one pair red spots on the posterior of head. Orange to red pigments scattered over anterior dorsal part of great abdomen. Dorsal body setae short on anterior part and about twice longer on posterior part of the great abdomen, posterior setae about same length as third unguis (Table 2). Ant. IV of holotype 1.56 times cephalic diagonal, with 7 subsegments (Fig. 3 A), apex with capitate sense rod. Ant. III not swollen basally; sense organ (Fig. 3 B) with 2 parallel sense rods in single, shallow pit; seta Aai slightly curved and blunt; Api and Ape slender, bristle-like, shorter than Ae; Ap and Ai normal, elongate setae. 1 + 1 minute eyes present. Dorsal cephalic setae not spine-like, M 4 – 5 absent, L 1 – 2 absent (Fig. 3 C). Metatrochanteral organ elongate (Fig. 3 D). Seta FSa present on all tibiotarsi. First unguis elongated without inner tooth, second and third with inner tooth, tunica absent. All unguiculi with conspicuous corner tooth, first unguiculus slender, all unguiculi with short apical filament, not exceeding unguis tip (Figs. 3 E). Corpus tenaculum with two setae (Fig. 3 F). Dens with 7 dorsal E setae, E 1 and E 3 strongly spine-like, other E setae normal; L 1 – 2 spine-like, L 3 absent, 4 ventral setae rows (3,2,1,1) present, ve 4 reduced (Fig. 3 G), dental chaetotaxy in Table 3. Mucro narrow, gutter-like, with spoon shaped tip, both edges serrate. Anal valve without cuticular spines (Fig. 3 H); setae C 1, C 2, C 5 and C 6 swollen basally, C 3 – 4 lamellate, D 5 present, D 7 absent, chaetotaxy in Table 4. Female subanal appendage slightly flattened on distal third, fringed at tip (Fig. 3 I). + = present in normal condition, - = absent, S = swollen basally, s = slightly swollen basally, L = lamellate, W = weakly lamellate, F = forked, B = branched at the base. Subanal appendage coding follows Christiansen (1966).	en	Zeppelini, Douglas, Taylor, Steven J., Slay, Michael E. (2009): Cave Pygmarrhopalites Vargovitsh, 2009 (Collembola, Symphypleona, Arrhopalitidae) in United States. Zootaxa 2204: 1-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189689
03A12C184321C15ACC831812B68CF9CA.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype (female): USA, ARKANSAS, Newton Co., Tom Barnes Cave, 18 - ii- 05, N. Youngsteadt, J. Youngsteadt leg. (INHS). Paratypes (2 adults females and 2 juveniles) in alcohol, same locality as holotype (INHS).	en	Zeppelini, Douglas, Taylor, Steven J., Slay, Michael E. (2009): Cave Pygmarrhopalites Vargovitsh, 2009 (Collembola, Symphypleona, Arrhopalitidae) in United States. Zootaxa 2204: 1-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189689
03A12C184321C15ACC831812B68CF9CA.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet recognizes the many years of work by Norman and Jean Youngsteadt contributing to a greater understanding of cave biota in the Ozarks.	en	Zeppelini, Douglas, Taylor, Steven J., Slay, Michael E. (2009): Cave Pygmarrhopalites Vargovitsh, 2009 (Collembola, Symphypleona, Arrhopalitidae) in United States. Zootaxa 2204: 1-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189689
03A12C184321C15ACC831812B68CF9CA.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Pygmarrhopalites youngsteadtii type specimens were found in a single cave, at Buffalo National River in the same physiographic province as P. leonardwoodensis and P. plethorasari, is close to the former based on anal valve setae C 1, which is bifid in A. plethorasari. They can be differentiated by features in Table 4. Despite of having a pair of eyes and pigments on the head and dorsum, this species presents some very typical cave features. The foot complex is highly troglomorphic, with very elongated unguis and short apical filaments, dens very slender (measurements in Table 2). This species is easily recognizable by a series of features. It presents a pair of pigment spots, like a false pair of eyes on the posterior part of the head, a fourth antennal segment 7 - subdivided, and a tiny ve 4 seta on the ventral surface of dens, very displaced towards the base of the dens.	en	Zeppelini, Douglas, Taylor, Steven J., Slay, Michael E. (2009): Cave Pygmarrhopalites Vargovitsh, 2009 (Collembola, Symphypleona, Arrhopalitidae) in United States. Zootaxa 2204: 1-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189689
03A12C18432FC158CC831829B6B7FD28.taxon	description	Description. No traces of pigment, dorsal body setae short, very scattered on anterior part, more than twice as long on posterior part of great abdomen, posterior setae longer than third unguis (Table 2). Ant. IV with 6 subsegments (Fig. 4 A), apex with capitate sense rod. Ant. III not swollen basally; sense organ with 2 parallel sense rods in separate pits; seta Aai curved, blunt; Api and Ape slender, bristle-like and short, Ae, Ap and Ai normal elongate setae, more than twice as long as Ape and Api (Fig. 4 B). 1 + 1 eyes present. Dorsal cephalic setae short, not spine-like, M 4 – 5 present (Fig. 4 C). Metatrochanteral organ elongate (Fig. 4 D). Seta FSa present on all tibiotarsi. First unguis slender, elongated, all ungues with inner tooth, tunica absent. First unguiculus slender without corner tooth, apical filament exceeding unguis tip. Second and third unguiculi with short apical filament, third unguis lanceolate with corner tooth on distal third (Figs. 4 E). Corpus tenaculum with two setae (Fig. 4 F). Dens with 7 dorsal E setae, E 1 strongly spine-like, other E setae normal; L 1 spine-like, L 2 – 3 present, 4 ventral setae rows (3,2,1,1) present (Fig. 4 G), dental chaetotaxy in Table 3. Mucro narrow, gutter-like, slightly spoon shaped tip, outer edge serrate, inner edge almost smooth. Anal valve without cuticular spines (Fig. 4 H); setae C 1 normal, C 2 – 6 swollen basally, D 5 absent, D 6 – 10 present, chaetotaxy in Table 4. Female subanal appendage slightly palmate, deeply serrated distally (Fig. 4 I).	en	Zeppelini, Douglas, Taylor, Steven J., Slay, Michael E. (2009): Cave Pygmarrhopalites Vargovitsh, 2009 (Collembola, Symphypleona, Arrhopalitidae) in United States. Zootaxa 2204: 1-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189689
03A12C18432FC158CC831829B6B7FD28.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype (female) (number 1 in the slide): USA, ARKANSAS, Newton Co., Walnut Cave, 29 - xii- 2003, M. E. Slay, C. J. Bitting leg. (INHS). Paratypes: 1 female mounted in a slide and 2 adults in alcohol, same locality as holotype (INHS).	en	Zeppelini, Douglas, Taylor, Steven J., Slay, Michael E. (2009): Cave Pygmarrhopalites Vargovitsh, 2009 (Collembola, Symphypleona, Arrhopalitidae) in United States. Zootaxa 2204: 1-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189689
03A12C18432FC158CC831829B6B7FD28.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The type specimens were collected from a cave near the Buffalo River, in northern Arkansas.	en	Zeppelini, Douglas, Taylor, Steven J., Slay, Michael E. (2009): Cave Pygmarrhopalites Vargovitsh, 2009 (Collembola, Symphypleona, Arrhopalitidae) in United States. Zootaxa 2204: 1-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189689
03A12C18432FC158CC831829B6B7FD28.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Pygmarrhopalites buffaloensis was found in single cave at Buffalo National River approximately 26 km upstream from the cave containing P. youngsteadtii. The climate is Cfa, physiographic province Springfield Plateau of the Ozark Plateaus. This species resembles P. s a p o by presenting the E 2 – 7 not spine-like, and can be distinguished from this by the subanal appendages, the absence of D 5 on anal valve, and most of its chaetotaxy.	en	Zeppelini, Douglas, Taylor, Steven J., Slay, Michael E. (2009): Cave Pygmarrhopalites Vargovitsh, 2009 (Collembola, Symphypleona, Arrhopalitidae) in United States. Zootaxa 2204: 1-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189689
03A12C18432DC158CC831D7EB272F82A.taxon	description	Description. No traces of pigment, dorsal body setae short on anterior part and twice as long on posterior part of great abdomen, posterior setae longer than third unguis (Table 2). Ant. IV of holotype 1.34 times the cephalic diagonal, with 7 subsegments (Fig. 5 A), apex with capitate sense rod. Ant. III not swollen basally; sense organ (Fig. 5 B) with 2 parallel sense rods in separate pits; seta Aai straight, blunt; Api slender, bristlelike and short, Ape strong, short, acuminate, Ae, Ap and Ai elongate, about twice as long as Ape and Api. Eyes reduced to pair of smooth round spots in cuticle behind antennae. Dorsal cephalic setae slender, not spine-like, M 4 – 5 present (Fig. 5 C). Metatrochanteral organ elongate (Fig. 5 D). Seta FSa present on all tibiotarsi. First unguis elongate, all ungues with inner tooth, tunica absent. First unguiculus slender, corner tooth very small or absent. Apical filament exceeding unguis tip in first and second unguiculi. Third unguiculus elongated, with corner tooth and short apical filament (Figs. 5 E). Corpus tenaculum with two setae (Fig. 5 F). Dens with 7 dorsal E setae, E 1 strongly spine-like, other E setae normal; L 1 strongly spine-like, L 2 – 3 spine-like, 4 ventral setae rows (3,2,1,1) present (Fig. 5 G), dental chaetotaxy in Table 3. Mucro narrow, gutter-like, with narrow tip, outer edge serrate, inner edge smooth. Anal valve without cuticular spines (Fig. 5 H); setae C 1 forked, C 3 – 6 swollen basally, D 5 and D 7 absent, chaetotaxy in Table 4. Female subanal appendage forked with both branches deeply fringed (Fig. 5 I).	en	Zeppelini, Douglas, Taylor, Steven J., Slay, Michael E. (2009): Cave Pygmarrhopalites Vargovitsh, 2009 (Collembola, Symphypleona, Arrhopalitidae) in United States. Zootaxa 2204: 1-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189689
03A12C18432DC158CC831D7EB272F82A.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype (female) (number 3 in the slide): USA, NEVADA, White Pine Co., Model Cave, 24 - v- 06, S. J. Taylor. J. K. Krejca, M. E. Slay leg. (INHS). Paratypes: 2 females (number 1 and 2) in the same slide with the holotype, and 6 adults in alcohol, same locality as holotype (INHS).	en	Zeppelini, Douglas, Taylor, Steven J., Slay, Michael E. (2009): Cave Pygmarrhopalites Vargovitsh, 2009 (Collembola, Symphypleona, Arrhopalitidae) in United States. Zootaxa 2204: 1-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189689
03A12C18432DC158CC831D7EB272F82A.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the Western Shoshone, a group of Native Americans who have visited the caves of Great Basin National Park for many hundreds of years, leaving behind only traces of their lives. Their tribal homeland encompasses large portions of the Basin and Range province of the Great Basin region.	en	Zeppelini, Douglas, Taylor, Steven J., Slay, Michael E. (2009): Cave Pygmarrhopalites Vargovitsh, 2009 (Collembola, Symphypleona, Arrhopalitidae) in United States. Zootaxa 2204: 1-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189689
03A12C18432DC158CC831D7EB272F82A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Pygmarrhopalites shoshoneiensis type specimens were found in a cave at Great Basin National Park. The physiographic province Basin and Range Province of the Great Basin, climate is BSk, dry, Steppe, middle latitude. This species resembles P. s e x t u s in many aspects, including the shape of female subanal appendages and anal valve chaetotaxy, antenna / cephalic diagonal ratio, fourth antennal segment subdivision, and foot complex. The most important features that split them apart are the presence, in P. shoshoneiensis, of a forked C 1 on the anal valve, the spine-like L 1 – 3 on dens, the mucro with one smooth edge, the stout short Ape on apical organ of ant. iii, the presence of M 5 on head, and the absence of a conspicuous eye.	en	Zeppelini, Douglas, Taylor, Steven J., Slay, Michael E. (2009): Cave Pygmarrhopalites Vargovitsh, 2009 (Collembola, Symphypleona, Arrhopalitidae) in United States. Zootaxa 2204: 1-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189689
03A12C18432BC15ECC831B5BB640F9C4.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. USA: CALIFORNIA: Siskiyou Co.: Coral Reef Cave, 12 - vi- 05, S. J. Taylor, J. K. Krejca, J. Jacoby; NEVADA: White Pine Co.: Snake Creek Cave, 12 - v- 06, S. J. Taylor, J. K. Krejca, M. E. Slay, G. Baker; Lehman Cave, 26 - v- 06, J. K. Krejca, M. E. Slay, G. Baker, B. Roberts, M. Horner.	en	Zeppelini, Douglas, Taylor, Steven J., Slay, Michael E. (2009): Cave Pygmarrhopalites Vargovitsh, 2009 (Collembola, Symphypleona, Arrhopalitidae) in United States. Zootaxa 2204: 1-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189689
03A12C18432BC15ECC831B5BB640F9C4.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This is the first record for California and Nevada, the species A. caecus has a world wide distribution.	en	Zeppelini, Douglas, Taylor, Steven J., Slay, Michael E. (2009): Cave Pygmarrhopalites Vargovitsh, 2009 (Collembola, Symphypleona, Arrhopalitidae) in United States. Zootaxa 2204: 1-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189689
03A12C18432BC15ECC831ED0B5C1FB1C.taxon	description	Description. No traces of pigment, dorsal body setae short on anterior part, setae on posterior part of the great abdomen longer than third unguis (Table 2). Ant. IV of holotype 1.8 times cephalic diagonal, with 6 subsegments (Fig. 6 A), apex with a capitate sense rod. Ant. III not swollen basally; sense organ (Fig. 6 B) with 2 parallel sense rods in a single pit; seta Aai straight and blunt; Api slender and bristle-like, Ape short and bristle-like, Ae, Ap and Ai elongate, about twice as long as Ape. Eyes 1 + 1. Dorsal cephalic setae slender, not spine-like, M 4 - 5 present (Fig. 6 C). Metatrochanteral organ elongate (Fig. 6 D). Seta FSa present on all tibiotarsi. All ungues very slender, with a tiny inner tooth, tunica absent. First and second unguiculi slender, with clear corner tooth. Third unguiculus lanceolate, with corner tooth. All unguiculi with short apical filament, not exceeding the ungues tips (Fig. 6 E). Corpus tenaculum with two setae (Fig. 6 F). Dens with 7 dorsal E setae, E 1 and E 3 strongly spine-like; L 4 present, L 1 strongly spine-like, L 2 – 4 spine-like, 4 ventral setae rows (3,2,1,1) present (Fig. 6 G), dental chaetotaxy in Table 3. Mucro narrow, with spoon shaped tip, gutter-like, both edges serrate (Fig. 6 J). Anal valve without cuticular spines (Fig. 6 H); all series of setae C normal, D 5 present and D 7 absent, chaetotaxy in Table 4. Female subanal appendage palmate, deeply serrated (Fig. 6 I).	en	Zeppelini, Douglas, Taylor, Steven J., Slay, Michael E. (2009): Cave Pygmarrhopalites Vargovitsh, 2009 (Collembola, Symphypleona, Arrhopalitidae) in United States. Zootaxa 2204: 1-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189689
03A12C18432BC15ECC831ED0B5C1FB1C.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype (female) (number 2 in the slide): USA, INDIANA, Greene Co., Ashcraft Cave, 20 - viii- 06, J. Lewis, S. Lewis leg. (INHS). Paratypes: 2 females marked with number 1 and 3 mounted in the same slide with the holotype, and 6 adults in alcohol, same locality as holotype (INHS).	en	Zeppelini, Douglas, Taylor, Steven J., Slay, Michael E. (2009): Cave Pygmarrhopalites Vargovitsh, 2009 (Collembola, Symphypleona, Arrhopalitidae) in United States. Zootaxa 2204: 1-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189689
03A12C18432BC15ECC831ED0B5C1FB1C.taxon	etymology	Etymology: This species is named for the cave from which the types were collected. Ashcraft Cave, in the northern part of the Crawford Upland of Indiana, is at least 1851 meters (1.5 miles) in length and serves as a hibernaculum for the Indiana Bat, Myotis sodalis Miller and Allen.	en	Zeppelini, Douglas, Taylor, Steven J., Slay, Michael E. (2009): Cave Pygmarrhopalites Vargovitsh, 2009 (Collembola, Symphypleona, Arrhopalitidae) in United States. Zootaxa 2204: 1-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189689
03A12C18432BC15ECC831ED0B5C1FB1C.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Pygmarrhopalites ashcraftensis was found on riparian mud banks in a cave. The physiographic province Crawford Upland of the Interior Lowland Plateaus, climate is Cfa. This species resembles P. l a c u n a and P. marshalli in different aspects, including the shape of female subanal appendages, fourth antennal segment subdivision, and foot complex. These species can be differentiated by the number of eyes, pigments, dental chaetotaxy, and anal valve chaetotaxy.	en	Zeppelini, Douglas, Taylor, Steven J., Slay, Michael E. (2009): Cave Pygmarrhopalites Vargovitsh, 2009 (Collembola, Symphypleona, Arrhopalitidae) in United States. Zootaxa 2204: 1-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189689
03A12C18432BC15ECC831833B4F4F861.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: USA: ARKANSAS: Marion Co.: Forest Trail Ridge Cave, 5 - vi- 04, M. E. Slay, E. Frank, J. Terry.	en	Zeppelini, Douglas, Taylor, Steven J., Slay, Michael E. (2009): Cave Pygmarrhopalites Vargovitsh, 2009 (Collembola, Symphypleona, Arrhopalitidae) in United States. Zootaxa 2204: 1-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189689
03A12C18432BC15ECC831833B4F4F861.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species was described from caves in Iowa and Minnesota (Christiansen 1966), so the occurrence in Arkansas is intriguing. Although P. dubius may only be a geographic variant of P. pygmaeus (Christiansen 1966, Christiansen & Bellinger 1998), there is sufficient morphological differentiation to designate them as a separate species. Additionally, they were collected from the same cave, Forest Trail Ridge Cave, which provides support for a separate status of the species.	en	Zeppelini, Douglas, Taylor, Steven J., Slay, Michael E. (2009): Cave Pygmarrhopalites Vargovitsh, 2009 (Collembola, Symphypleona, Arrhopalitidae) in United States. Zootaxa 2204: 1-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189689
03A12C184329C15CCC831ED0B39DFEFC.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. USA: WISCONSIN: Pierce Co.: Crystal Cave, 27 - viii- 06, J. Lovaas.	en	Zeppelini, Douglas, Taylor, Steven J., Slay, Michael E. (2009): Cave Pygmarrhopalites Vargovitsh, 2009 (Collembola, Symphypleona, Arrhopalitidae) in United States. Zootaxa 2204: 1-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189689
03A12C184329C15CCC831ED0B39DFEFC.taxon	discussion	Remarks: This is the first record of P. hirtus in Wisconsin, the species is widespread in US.	en	Zeppelini, Douglas, Taylor, Steven J., Slay, Michael E. (2009): Cave Pygmarrhopalites Vargovitsh, 2009 (Collembola, Symphypleona, Arrhopalitidae) in United States. Zootaxa 2204: 1-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189689
03A12C184329C15CCC831F38B57FFDEE.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. USA: INDIANA: Crawford Co.: Robinson Ladder Cave, no date, J. Lewis, S. Lewis. Remarks. Previously known from two caves in Crawford County and a cave in Washington County (Christiansen & Bellinger 1998).	en	Zeppelini, Douglas, Taylor, Steven J., Slay, Michael E. (2009): Cave Pygmarrhopalites Vargovitsh, 2009 (Collembola, Symphypleona, Arrhopalitidae) in United States. Zootaxa 2204: 1-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189689
03A12C184329C15CCC831CD6B5D0FCB6.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. USA: MISSOURI: Pulaski Co.: Henshaw Cave, 18 - iv- 06, S. J. Taylor, V. R. Block.	en	Zeppelini, Douglas, Taylor, Steven J., Slay, Michael E. (2009): Cave Pygmarrhopalites Vargovitsh, 2009 (Collembola, Symphypleona, Arrhopalitidae) in United States. Zootaxa 2204: 1-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189689
03A12C184329C15CCC831CD6B5D0FCB6.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This troglobiont was previously known only from a few caves in Virginia and West Virginia (Christiansen & Bellinger 1996, Fong et al. 2007). Its confirmed presence in Missouri suggests a wider distribution than previous collections indicate.	en	Zeppelini, Douglas, Taylor, Steven J., Slay, Michael E. (2009): Cave Pygmarrhopalites Vargovitsh, 2009 (Collembola, Symphypleona, Arrhopalitidae) in United States. Zootaxa 2204: 1-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189689
03A12C184329C143CC831D89B60BFF06.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: USA: ARKANSAS: Marion Co.: Forest Trail Ridge Cave, 8 - vi- 04, M. E. Slay, C. J. Bitting; Long Ear Mine, 28 - v- 04, M. E. Slay, W. Baker; Morning Star Mine # 5, # 6, 29 - v- 04, M. E. Slay, C. J. Bitting; Morning Star Mine # 7, 7 - vi- 04, M. E. Slay; Overlook (ed) Cave, 8 - vi- 04, M. E. Slay, C. J. Bitting; Square Cave, 25 - vii- 04, Tony Bend Mine # 3, 26 - vii- 04, M. E. Slay, C. Brickey; Newton Co.: Hutchinson Waterfall Cave, 29 - xii- 04, M. E. Slay, C. J. Bitting, C. A. Melhart; NW 41 bb Cave, 4 - iii- 06, W. Baker; Toney Barnes Cave, 16 - ix- 04, M. E. Slay, C. J. Bitting; Seashell Dome Cave, 11 - xii- 05, M. E. Slay, C. Brickey; MISSOURI: Pulaski Co.: Andy’s Cave # 1, # 2, 11 - iv- 04, S. J. Taylor, M. E. Slay, J. Jacoby; Breeden Cave, 25 - x- 03, S. J. Taylor, M. E. Slay; Brooks Cave, 18 - vi- 04, M. E. Slay; Chuck’s Virgin Cave, 20 - Apr- 03, S. J. Taylor, M. E. Slay; David’s Cave, 28 - iii- 03, Davis Cave # 1, 27 - iii- 03, S. J. Taylor, V. R. Block; Davis No. 2 Cave, 17 - vi- 04, Davis No. 3 Cave, 26 - x- 03, S. J. Taylor, M. E. Slay; Deadman Cave, 19 - iv- 03, S. J. Taylor, V. R. Block; Eight Cave, 24 - x- 03, Joint East Cave, 10 - iv- 04, Joint West Cave, 10 - iv- 04, S. J. Taylor, M. E. Slay; Joy Cave, 18 - vi- 04, M. E. Slay; Kerr Cave, 26 - iii- 03, K. Lohraff, S. J. Taylor, V. R. Block; Kilman Cave, 25 - iii- 03, King Cave, 28 - iii- 03, Lohraff Cave, 28 - iii- 03, S. J. Taylor, V. R. Block; Lower Hooten Cave, 14 - v- 04, S. J. Taylor, M. E. Slay; Martin Cave, 29 - v- 03, S. J. Taylor, V. R. Block; Martin Cave, 14 - v- 04, S. J. Taylor, M. E. Slay, K. Lohraff; Miller Cave, 22 - iii- 03, M. E. Slay, S. J. Taylor, V. R. Block; New Arch Cave, 5 - ix- 04, M. E. Slay, C. A. Melhart, S. J. Taylor; Paleospring Cave, 21 - xii- 04, Saltpeter Cave, 9 - i- 04, S. J. Taylor, M. E. Slay; Turtle Trap Cave, 6 - ix- 04, M. E. Slay, C. A. Melhart; Wilson Cave, 8 - i- 04, S. J. Taylor, M. E. Slay; Wolf Den Cave, 15 - vi- 0 4, S. J. Taylor, M. E. Slay, K. Lohraff; OKLAHOMA: Adair Co.: Pea Vine Cave, 2 - v- 04, G. O. Graening, D. B. Fenolio, M. E. Slay; Delaware Co.: Rock Quarry Cave, 25 - vii- 05, Surprise Cave, 27 - vii- 05, G. O. Graening, M. E. Slay.	en	Zeppelini, Douglas, Taylor, Steven J., Slay, Michael E. (2009): Cave Pygmarrhopalites Vargovitsh, 2009 (Collembola, Symphypleona, Arrhopalitidae) in United States. Zootaxa 2204: 1-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189689
03A12C184329C143CC831D89B60BFF06.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Nearly all collections were taken within dark zones with the exception of six samples from twilight zones and one sample collected from an entrance. For a subset of records (n = 34), relative humidity and temperature were recorded (mean ± SE). Average relative humidity was 94.34 ± 0.67 %, average temperature at 2 cm soil depth was 13.6 ± 0.35 ° C, and average temperature 1 m above cave floor was 14.93 ± 0.49 ° C. Of 40 collections where sampling method was noted, 33 (82.5 %) were from pitfall traps baited with limburger cheese (traps were in place for 3 – 6 days). The remaining 7 (17.5 %) P. pygmaeus samples were collected by hand.	en	Zeppelini, Douglas, Taylor, Steven J., Slay, Michael E. (2009): Cave Pygmarrhopalites Vargovitsh, 2009 (Collembola, Symphypleona, Arrhopalitidae) in United States. Zootaxa 2204: 1-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189689
