taxonID	type	description	language	source
03A17F3BFF96FFA105F677A79D48FC01.taxon	materials_examined	Type material (2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀). Holotype: CHINA: apteron ♂, labeled ‘ China: Hainan, Ledong Hsien [ffi ÷ θ], Jianfengling N. R. [* RΚ], Mingfenggu [d ¼ ☺], 18 ° 44 ’ 30 ’’ N, 108 ° 50 ’ 29 ’’ E, rainforest, decaying log, 995 m, 25. i. 2015, Xiao-Bin Song (SNUC). Paratypes: CHINA: 1 apteron ♂, same label data as holotype; 1 apteron ♀, also at Jianfengling, ‘ District V [Ϫ ∬ U], 18 ° 43 ’ 57 ’’ N, 108 ° 52 ’ 41 ’’ E, broad-leaved forest, decaying log, 975 m, 24. i. 2015, Zhong Peng’; 1 apteron ♀, labeled ‘ China: Hainan, Qiongzhong Hsien [¼ φθ], Limu Mt. [ϔDzM], nr. reservoir, 19 ° 09 ’ 01 ’’ N, 109 ° 45 ’ 08 ’’ E, mixed forest, decaying log, 580 m, 30. i. 2015, De-Yao Zhou’; 1 apteron ♀, also at Limu Mt., ‘ path to peak, 19 ° 10 ’ 27 ’’ N, 109 ° 45 ’ 29 ’’ E, mixed forest, decaying log, 1000 m, 31. i. 2015, Zhong Peng’. (all SNUC)	en	Yin, Zi-Wei, Li, Li-Zhen, Wu, Chao (2015): New and little known species of Zorotypus Silvestri (Zoraptera: Zorotypidae) from China. Zootaxa 4007 (4): 557-566, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4007.4.6
03A17F3BFF96FFA105F677A79D48FC01.taxon	description	Description. Apteron male (Fig. 1). Body length 2.54 – 2.60 mm (exclusive of antennae), color glossy brown except membranous regions and yellowish white cercus; head (Fig. 2 A) sub-triangular, slightly wider than pronotum, with whitish area in posterolateral corner; cephalic chaetotaxy as depicted in Fig. 2 A; compound eyes and ocelli absent; maxillary palpus (Fig. 2 B) five-segmented; labial palpus (Fig. 2 C) three-segmented; antennae nine-segmented, antennomeres VII paler than preceding ones (antennomeres VIII – IX missing) (Fig. 4 B), antennomere I slightly curved outward, antennomere II faintly curved, short, about one-half length of antennomere III, antennomeres III – VII longer than wide, length of each subequal to that of antennomere I (Fig. 4 B); both mandibles with five apical teeth and well-developed molar region (Fig. 4 D – E). Pronotum (Fig. 2 D) subrectangular, slightly narrowed posteriorly; mesonotum (Fig. 2 D) trapezoidal, slightly shorter than pronotum; metanotum (Fig. 2 D) trapezoidal, distinctly wider than long, shorter than mesonotum; thorax sparsely setose as depicted in Fig. 2 D. Legs with setae of moderate length; tibiae and tarsi of all legs paler in color; posterior surface of profemur broadly setose, anterior and dorsal surfaces covered with setae of moderate length only distally; protibia covered with setae of moderate length, bristles arranged like comb in distal half along ventral surface, with two apical spurs; mesofemur about as broad as profemur, anterior surface broadly setose, posterior and dorsal surfaces covered with setae of moderate length on distal half and several short setae on proximal half; mesotibia covered with setae of moderate length, with two apical spurs; metafemur broader than profemur, more swollen proximally than distally (Fig. 4 C), anterior surface broadly setose, posterior and dorsal surfaces covered with setae of moderate length on distal half and several short setae on proximal half, ventral surface with eight to nine long stout bristles (Fig. 4 C); metatibia covered with setae of moderate length, with two apical spurs. Abdominal tergites I – VI (Fig. 3 A) with single transverse row of four to six setae of moderate length and a few lateral, short setae on each side of midline; tergite VII (Fig. 3 A) with single transverse row of one long seta, two moderate-length setae, and a few short setae laterally on each side of midline; tergite VIII (Fig. 3 A) with single transverse row of one short seta, three long erect setae, and three moderate-length setae on each side of midline; tergite IX (Fig. 3 A) short, anterior trapezoidal expansion extending beneath tergite VIII, with single row of seven to eight short, thick setae on each side of midline; tergite X (Fig. 3 A) posteromedially incised, with several moderate-length setae on each side of midline, one pair of stout setae near incision; tergite XI with small median upcurved projection (= male mating hook) and two lateral, subtriangular sclerites, several moderate-length setae on each sclerite; epiproct and paraproct unsclerotized; cercus (Fig. 2 E) unsegmented, oval, with one long apical seta, three or four preapical moderate-length setae, several short setae, and very long, fine setae; surface covered with numerous minute spicules except at base and apex; sternite I scarcely sclerotized; sternite II (Fig. 3 B) weakly sclerotized; sternite III (Fig. 3 B) with single transverse row of several moderate-length; sternites IV – V (Fig. 3 B) with single transverse row of five to six moderate-length setae on each side of midline; sternites VI – VII (Fig. 3 B) with two transverse rows of moderate-length setae, anterior row with several setae, posterior row with five or six setae on each side of midline; sternite VIII (Fig. 3 B) wider than long, with evenly scattered fine setae, one longer setae on posterior margin on each side of midline; sternite IX trapezoidal, with small, fine setae; posterior margin with two moderate-length setae on each side of midline; sternite X invaginated beneath sternite IX, not visible externally; sternite XI with two lateral sclerites, each with fine setae. Genitalia symmetrical; basal plate (Fig. 4 G) well sclerotized, posteriorly bifurcate, with long, anterior tongue-like process; flagellum (Fig. 4 F) long, sclerotized, coiled; aedeagus with hook (Fig. 4 F). Apteron female. Body length 2.48 – 2.51 mm (exclusive of antennae). General features corresponding to those of males. Antennomere III (Fig. 4 A) slightly shorter than that of male; tergite X not posteromedially incised, with three or four setae of moderate length on each side of midline; tergite XI evenly sclerotized, not divided into two halves (hemitergites), with small scattered setae and a pair of paramedian setae of moderate length apically; sternite IX (Fig. 2 F) transverse, short, anterior margin with bifurcate projection extending beneath sternite VIII, several fine setae scattered and one pair of setae as depicted in Fig. 2 F. Alate form. Unknown. Comparative notes. This new species is similar to Z. sinensis and Z. medoensis in general appearance, but can be readily separated from both by a different placement of the bristles on the ventral margin of the metafemur (Fig. 4 C; Hwang 1974: Fig. 3), relatively shorter cerci (Fig. 1; Hwang 1974: Fig. 1), setation on the posterior margin of male sternum VIII (Fig. 3 B; Hwang 1976: Figs 1, 2), and form of the male genitalia (Fig. 4 F – G; Hwang 1976: Figs 3 – 4). The Taiwanese Z. newi has a unique combination of elongate first tarsomere and cercus (Chao & Chen 2000: Figs 1, 3, 6), which leads to a quick separation of this species from all other zorapterans (Engel & Grimaldi 2000: 155). Zorotypus hainanensis seems closely allied to the Malaysian Z. caudelli Karny, Z. magnicaudelli Mashimo, Engel, Dallai, Beutel & Machida, and Z. cervicornis Mashimo, Yoshizawa & Engel, and possibly to the central American Z. cramptoni Gurney, Z. gurneyi Choe, Z. hamiltoni New, and Z. snyderi Caudell by sharing a strongly elongate and coiled flagellum. As discussed in Mashimo et al. (2013), this character possibly ‘ represents a complex synapomorphy of these species’, and ‘ it appears plausible that these species comprise a clade within Zorotypus. ’ On the other hand, Zorotypus hainanensis can be separated from all these congeners by the unique forms of the male genital basal plate and aedeagal hooks.	en	Yin, Zi-Wei, Li, Li-Zhen, Wu, Chao (2015): New and little known species of Zorotypus Silvestri (Zoraptera: Zorotypidae) from China. Zootaxa 4007 (4): 557-566, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4007.4.6
03A17F3BFF96FFA105F677A79D48FC01.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. The two male and one female adults from Jianfengling were collected from several fallen decomposing logs (Fig. 5 B) in rainforests at an elevation of ca. 1000 m (Fig. 5 A, C – D). The other two females from Limu Mountain were also collected from decaying logs in broad-leaved forests, one at an elevation of ca. 1000 m (Fig. 5 E), and the other at ca. 580 m.	en	Yin, Zi-Wei, Li, Li-Zhen, Wu, Chao (2015): New and little known species of Zorotypus Silvestri (Zoraptera: Zorotypidae) from China. Zootaxa 4007 (4): 557-566, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4007.4.6
03A17F3BFF96FFA105F677A79D48FC01.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Zorotypus hainanensis is currently known only from the Jianfengling Nature Reserve and Limu Mountain (Fig. 5 F), but it seems reasonable to expect the occurrence of this species in other well-preserved forested areas of the Hainan Island.	en	Yin, Zi-Wei, Li, Li-Zhen, Wu, Chao (2015): New and little known species of Zorotypus Silvestri (Zoraptera: Zorotypidae) from China. Zootaxa 4007 (4): 557-566, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4007.4.6
03A17F3BFF96FFA105F677A79D48FC01.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the region in which specimens were collected, i. e., Hainan Island.	en	Yin, Zi-Wei, Li, Li-Zhen, Wu, Chao (2015): New and little known species of Zorotypus Silvestri (Zoraptera: Zorotypidae) from China. Zootaxa 4007 (4): 557-566, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4007.4.6
03A17F3BFF9FFFAE05F674B79BF9FC85.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 2 apteron ♂♂, 1 apteron ♀, 2 alate ♀♀, labeled: ‘ China, Xizang A. R. [= Tibet], Motuo Hsien [ffiRθ], Hanmi [R ÷], 29 ° 21 ’ 50 ’’ N, 95 ° 07 ’ 48 ’’ E, under bark covered with moss, 15. vii. 2013, 2100 m, Chao Wu leg. ’ (pcWC, pcBW); 9 deälate ♀♀, labeled: ‘ China, Xizang A. R., Motuo Hsien, 80 K, 29 ° 39 ’ 18 ’’ N, 95 ° 29 ’ 25 ’’ E, under bark, 2. viii. 2013, 2100 m, Wen-Xuan Bi leg. ’ (pcBW).	en	Yin, Zi-Wei, Li, Li-Zhen, Wu, Chao (2015): New and little known species of Zorotypus Silvestri (Zoraptera: Zorotypidae) from China. Zootaxa 4007 (4): 557-566, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4007.4.6
03A17F3BFF9FFFAE05F674B79BF9FC85.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. All individuals were collected under barks of large fallen decomposing logs (Fig. 7).	en	Yin, Zi-Wei, Li, Li-Zhen, Wu, Chao (2015): New and little known species of Zorotypus Silvestri (Zoraptera: Zorotypidae) from China. Zootaxa 4007 (4): 557-566, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4007.4.6
03A17F3BFF9FFFAE05F674B79BF9FC85.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Southwestern China: Xizang Autonomous Region.	en	Yin, Zi-Wei, Li, Li-Zhen, Wu, Chao (2015): New and little known species of Zorotypus Silvestri (Zoraptera: Zorotypidae) from China. Zootaxa 4007 (4): 557-566, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4007.4.6
03A17F3BFF9FFFAE05F674B79BF9FC85.taxon	discussion	Comments. According to Hwang (1976), Zorotypus medoensis is very similar to Z. sinensis in general morphology, and can be separated from the latter only by the chaetotaxy of male sternum VIII, and form of the male genitalia. For comparative purposes, important diagnostic features of Zorotypus medoensis from the type locality are figured (Fig. 6). Both Z. medoensis and Z. sinensis lack a strongly elongate and coiled flagellum, indicating that these two species may be more closely related to Z. ceylonicus Silverstri from Sri Lanka (Hwang 1974: 427) than to the southeastern Asian and central American species that share this structure (see ‘ Comparative diagnosis’ of Z. hainanensis sp. n. above, and Mashimo et al. 2013: 512).	en	Yin, Zi-Wei, Li, Li-Zhen, Wu, Chao (2015): New and little known species of Zorotypus Silvestri (Zoraptera: Zorotypidae) from China. Zootaxa 4007 (4): 557-566, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4007.4.6
