identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03AE87B19827C27260A70750B0D8F989.text	03AE87B19827C27260A70750B0D8F989.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Procrangonyx Schellenberg 1934	<div><p>Genus Procrangonyx.</p> <p>- P. primoryensis, described from a subterranean spring in the cellar of house of Igor Z. Parpura some 200 m from the Yedinka river, and found again in wells in the Yedinka and Samarga river basins, NW of the Sikhote-Alin Mountain ridge (fig. 9).</p> <p>Two other Procrangronyx inhabite subterranean waters in Japan (P. japonicus) and in north of China (P. limpidus) (Stock &amp; Jo, 1990; Sidorov, 2010).</p> <p>Note: - Procrangronyx stygoedincus described from a well in the Yedinka River basin is a junior synonym of P. primoryensis (Sidorov &amp; Barabanshchikov, 2010).</p> <p>Eusiridae</p> <p>Family mainly marine, known in the Palaearctic and in the Australian regions. Two stygomorphic species of the endemic sub-genus Ganigamoera were described from subterranean waters of the southeastern part of the Sikhote-Alin Mountain ridge:</p> <p>- Paramoera (Ganigamoera) myslenkovi, wells and hyporheic in the Kievka River basin,</p> <p>- P. (G.) tiunovi, from a spring in the Solontsovaya River basin.</p> <p>Ecol. Mont., 7, 2016, 507-529 519</p> <p>SYNCARIDA</p> <p>Bathynellidae</p> <p>Three species of Bathynella were found (Birstein &amp; Ljovuchkin, 1967):</p> <p>- B. arsenjevi from Primorsky-Velikan cave, right bank of the Malaza River, tributary of the Suchan, near Vladivostok,</p> <p>- B. glacialis from the Ledjanaka ice-cave, Samara basin, Khabarovsk district,</p> <p>- B. gregaria from Makrushinska cave, near Olga Bay and Vesely Yar.</p> <p>HYDRACHNIDIA</p> <p>Twenty two species of interstitial Hydrachnidia and one species from the phalanx Stygothrombidia are known from the Far East. Most of them distributed on the south of the region, three Wandesia species are found only in Magadan or Chukchi Autonomous area.</p> <p>Aturidae</p> <p>- Albaxona lunata, Aturus insolitus, A. similis from groundwaters of Primory Krai.</p> <p>Chappuisididae</p> <p>- Chappuisides orientalis, Uchidastygacarus primoryensis from groundwaters of Primory Krai.</p> <p>Feltriidae</p> <p>- F. aculeata, F. cornuta rossica, F. japonica from groundwaters of Primory Krai.</p> <p>Frontipodopsidae</p> <p>- Frontipodopsis cuspidata, interstitial, the Tigrovaya River, the Partizanskay River basin, Primory Krai. Hygrobatidae</p> <p>- Atractides kotoensis, interstitial, Primory Krai.</p> <p>Momoniidae</p> <p>- Stygomomonia manchurica, interstitial, Primory Krai.</p> <p>Stygothrombiidae</p> <p>- Stygothrombium orientalis, interstitial, the Komarovka River, Ussuri National Park, Primory Krai. Thyadidae</p> <p>- Amerothyasella tiunovae, interstitial of a small brook, near the Tartar Strait coast, Khabarovsk Krai. Torrenticolidae</p> <p>- Monatractides abei, Torrenticola kimichungi, T. nipponica, from groundwaters of Primory Krai. Wandesiidae</p> <p>- Wandesia arctica, interstitial, Primory Krai, Khabarovsk Krai, Amurskaya Area, Magadan area, Chukchi Autonomous area,</p> <p>- W. morozovensis, interstitial, Morosov brook, tributary of the Kontactovy brook, Magadan area,</p> <p>- W. multiseta, interstitial, the Kulu river, Magadan area,</p> <p>- W. polyseta, interstitial, the Anadyr river, Chukchi Autonomous area,</p> <p>- W. rara, interstitial, Primory Krai,</p> <p>- W. reducta, interstitial, Primory Krai, Jewish Autonomous area, Amurskaya area, Magadan area,</p> <p>- W. sokolowi, interstitial, Primory Krai.</p> <p>OPILIONES</p> <p>Sabaconidae</p> <p>- Taracus birsteini, from the Bely Dvorec cave near Suchan, troglobiont. The genus Taracus is North American.</p> <p>DIPLOPODA</p> <p>Previously the review of cavernicolous diplopods of the Far East by Elena Mikhaljova (1997) only two millipede species, troglophile or trogloxene, were known from the Maritime Province (=Primory Krai): the Polydesmidae Epanerchodus polymorphus from Yuzhnaya cave, Dalnegorsk District (Mikhaljova, 1993), and the Xystodesmidae Levizonus thaumasius from the Khrebtovyi grotto, Partizansk District (Lokshina &amp; Golovatch, 1977).</p> <p>According to Mikhaljova (1997, 2004) ten strictly determined millipede species have been encountered in the karstic caves of the Russian Far East, lying within the Sikhote-Alin Karstic Region. All species are</p> <p>520 troglophile at best. No troglobiont have been recorded.</p> <p>Diplomaragnidae</p> <p>- Diplomaragnidae gen. sp., only larvae and females have been collected in the Barbarisovaya cave, Kedrovaya Pad Reserve, the Bogataya Fanza cave, Khasan District, and in the Sadovaya cave, Dalnegorsk District. Based on these specimens, it appears impossible to attribute this material not only to a definite species but even to a genus, because the erstwhile Diplomaragna has just been split into several genera. They do not represent true cave-dwellers.</p> <p>Polyzoniidae</p> <p>- Angarozonium bonum from the Kolonok cave, Ussuriyskii Reserve; first time found in a cave, this species is common in forests of the Maritime Province.</p> <p>Julidae</p> <p>- Anaulaciulus golovatchi, from Bogataya Fanza cave, Khasan District; Skazka cave, Kedrovaya Pad Reserve; Drakon and Fakel Entuziastov caves, Shkotovo District; Kolonok cave, Ussuriyskii Reserve. This species is distributed in various types of forest in the central and southern Maritime Province and in North Korea.</p> <p>- Pacifiiulus amurensis found in a cave near Izvestkovyi spring, Kedrovaya Pad Reserve, Lisya cave, Partizansk District, Spyashchaya Krasavitsa cave, Ussuriyskii Reserve. This species inhabits forest biotopes in the Southern Siberia and in the southern Far East; it has also been recorded in Northeast China.</p> <p>Mongoliulidae</p> <p>- Kopidoiulus continentalis Golovatch, troglophile species known from ten caves in Maritime Province: Bliznets, Dalnaya, Kuznetsovskaya, Lisya, Malenkaya, Skvoznaya caves, Partizansk district; Drakon and Fakel Entuziastov caves, Shkotovo District; Kolonok cave, Ussuriyskii Reserve; Medvezhya cave, Anuchino District. Widespread in the southern part of the Maritime Province in litter and the uppermost soil strata of various forest types; juveniles can occur to 50 cm soil depth. Recorded also in north-eastern China (Murakami, 1990). In Japan the genus Kopidoiulus has true troglobionts.</p> <p>- Kopidoiulus khasanicus, described from Bogataya Fanza cave, Khasan District, Gryaznaya cave, Kedrovaya Pad Reserve, and from litter of Abies holophylla forest. Eyes absent, body beige, antennae and legs pale.</p> <p>- Skleroprotopus coreanus, one of the most common and abundant species in forests of the southern Russian Far East. The species is widespread all over Korea. Known from 10 caves in the Maritime Province: Priiskovaya cave, Anuchino District; Belyi Parus cave, Dalnegorsk District; Krabbe cave, Khasan District; Mecha Speleologa, Bliznets, Kabarga, Skvoznaya, Malenkaya caves, Partizansk District; Drakon, Fakel Entuziastov cave, Shkotovo District; Spyashchaya Krasavitsa cave, Ussuriyskii Reserve. Colouration of cave-dwelling specimens is dark brown to pale beige.</p> <p>Xystodesmidae</p> <p>- Levizonus thaumasius (Attems), from Khrebtovyi grotto, Partizansk District. This species is common and abundant in the southern part of Maritime Province.</p> <p>- Levizonus sp. The only female found in the Barbarisovaya cave, Khasan District, cannot determined to species, although it seems to actually belong to L. thaumasius.</p> <p>Paradoxosomatidae</p> <p>- Sichotanus eurygaster, first record in caves: Bliznets, Dalnaya, Mechta Speleologa, Skvoznaya caves, Partizansk District; Izvestkovaya cave, Khasan District; Kolonok cave, Ussuriyskii Reserve; and Serebryanaya cave, Shkotovo District. Mostly epigean, common throughout the south of Russian Far East, North Korea and Northeast China.</p> <p>Polydesmidae</p> <p>- Epanerchodus koreanus, found in the Bogataya Fanza and Skazka caves, Khasan District; Serebryanaya cave, Shkotovo District. The species is widespread outside of caves in southern Maritime Province, southern Japan, Korea, and known from some Korean caves.</p> <p>- E. polymorphus, widespread in southern part of the Maritime Province; it has also been recorded in North Korea. Found in the Barbarisovaya, Gryaznaya, Izvestkovaya caves, Kedrovaya Pad Reserve; Belyi Parus and Yuzhnaya caves, Dalnegorsk District; Dalnaya and Mechta Speleologa caves, Partizansk District; Kolonok cave, Ussuriyskii Reserve; Medvezhya cave, Anuchino District; Tirol cave, Khasan District.</p> <p>Ecol. Mont., 7, 2016, 507-529 521</p> <p>TRICLADIDA</p> <p>Planariidae</p> <p>* Phagocata coarctata Arndt, 1922</p> <p>Polycelis (Polycelis) elongata (Zabusova, 1929)</p> <p>Polycelis (P.) eurantron Zabusova, 1936</p> <p>Polycelis (P.) karafto Ijima &amp; Kaburaki, 1916</p> <p>Polycelis (P.) polyopis Zabusova, 1936</p> <p>Polycelis (Seidlia) relicta (Zabusova, 1929)</p> <p>Polycelis (Sorocelides) eudendrocoeloides Zabusova, 1936 GASTROPODA</p> <p>Amnicolidae</p> <p>* Saganoa sp.</p> <p>Hydrobiidae</p> <p>* Moria sp.</p> <p>COPEPODA</p> <p>Cyclopidae</p> <p>Acanthocyclops bisetosus (Rehberg, 1880)</p> <p>Acanthocyclops vernalis (Fischer, 1853)</p> <p>* Acanthocyclops orientalis Borutzky, 1966</p> <p>Eucyclops serrulatus (Fischer 1851)</p> <p>Canthocamptidae</p> <p>Bryocamptus zschokkei caucasicus Borutzky, 1960 * Epactophanoides udegeicus Borutzky, 1966</p> <p>OSTRACODA</p> <p>* Nannocandona schornikovi Karanovic, Sidorov &amp; Marmonier, 2015 Schellencandona cf. tea Karanovic &amp; Lee, 2012</p> <p>SYNCARIDA</p> <p>Bathynellidae</p> <p>* Bathynella arsenjevi Birstein &amp; Ljovuschkin, 1967</p> <p>* Bathynella glacialis Birstein &amp; Ljovuschkin, 1967</p> <p>* Bathynella gregaria Birstein &amp; Ljovuschkin, 1967</p> <p>ISOPODA</p> <p>Asellidae</p> <p>Asellus hilgendorfii Bovallius, 1886</p> <p>* Asellus primoryensis Birstein &amp; Levanidov, 1952</p> <p>* Sibirasellus dentifer (Birstein &amp; Levanidov,1952)</p> <p>Janiridae</p> <p>* Mackinia continentalis Birstein &amp; Ljovuschkin, 1965 AMPHIPODA</p> <p>Crangonyctidae</p> <p>* Amurocrangonyx arsenjevi (Derzhavin, 1927)</p> <p>* Stygobromus mikhaili Sidorov et al., 2010</p> <p>* Synurella stadukhini Derzhavin, 1927</p> <p>Pseudocrangonyctidae</p> <p>* Procrangonyx primoryensis Stock &amp; Young Won Jo, 1990 * Pseudocrangonyx birsteini Labay, 1999</p> <p>* Pseudocrangonyx bohaensis (Derzhavin, 1927)</p> <p>..continued on the next page</p> <p>522</p> <p>* Pseudocrangonyx camtschaticus Birstein, 1955</p> <p>* Pseudocrangonyx elenae Sidorov, 2011</p> <p>* Pseudocrangonyx febras Sidorov, 2009</p> <p>* Pseudocrangonyx holsingeri Sidorov &amp; Gontcharov, 2013 * Pseudocrangonyx korkishkoorum Sidorov, 2006</p> <p>* Pseudocrangonyx levanidovi Birstein, 1955</p> <p>* Pseudocrangonyx relicta Labay, 1999</p> <p>* Pseudocrangonyx susunaensis Labay, 1999</p> <p>* Pseudocrangonyx sympatricus Sidorov &amp; Gontcharov, 2013 * Pseudocrangonyx tiunovi Sidorov &amp; Gontcharov, 2013</p> <p>Eusiridae</p> <p>* Paramoera (G.) myslenkovi Sidorov, 2010</p> <p>* Paramoera (G.) tiunovi Sidorov, 2010</p> <p>HYDRACHNIDIA</p> <p>Aturidae</p> <p>Albaxona lunata Kim &amp; Chung, 1996</p> <p>* Aturus insolitus Semenchenko &amp; Tuzovskij, 2011</p> <p>Chappuisididae</p> <p>* Chappuisides orientalis Semenchenko, 2016</p> <p>* Uchidastygacarus primoryensis Semenchenko, 2010</p> <p>Feltriidae</p> <p>* Feltria aculeata Tuzovskij &amp; Semenchenko, 2009</p> <p>Feltria cornuta rossica Tuzovskij &amp; Semenchenko, 2009</p> <p>* Feltria japonica Imamura, 1954</p> <p>Frontipodopsidae</p> <p>* Frontipodopsis cuspidata Semenchenko, 2016</p> <p>Hygrobatidae</p> <p>* Atractides kotoensis Imamura, 1983</p> <p>Momoniidae</p> <p>* Stygomomonia manchurica Semenchenko, 2008</p> <p>Stygothrombiidae</p> <p>* Stygothrombium orientalis Tuzovskij, 2010</p> <p>Thyadidae</p> <p>* Amerothyasella tiunovae Semenchenko, 2010</p> <p>Torrenticolidae</p> <p>Monatractides abei Pešić, Semenchenko &amp; Lee, 2013</p> <p>Torrenticola kimichungi Pešić, Semenchenko &amp; Lee, 2013</p> <p>Torrenticola nipponica (Enami, 1940)</p> <p>Wandesiidae</p> <p>* Wandesia arctica Tuzovskij, 1988</p> <p>* Wandesia morozovensis Tuzovskij, 1987</p> <p>* Wandesia multiseta Tuzovskij, 1987</p> <p>* Wandesia polyseta Tuzovskij, 1982</p> <p>* Wandesia rara Tuzovskij, 1990</p> <p>* Wandesia reducta Tuzovskij, 1987</p> <p>..continued on the next page</p> <p>Ecol. Mont., 7, 2016, 507-529</p> <p>523</p> <p>* Wandesia sokolowi Semenchenko, 2016</p> <p>OPILIONES</p> <p>Sabaconidae</p> <p>* Taracus birsteini Ljovuschkin, 1971</p> <p>DIPLOPODA</p> <p>Diplomaragnidae</p> <p>Diplomaragnidae gen. sp.</p> <p>Julidae</p> <p>Anaulaciulus golovatchi Mikhaljova, 1982</p> <p>Pacifiiulus amurensis (Gerstfeldt, 1859)</p> <p>Mongoliulidae</p> <p>Kopidoiulus continentalis Golovatch, 1979</p> <p>Kopidoiulus khasanicus Mikhaljova, 1996</p> <p>Skleroprotopus coreanus Pockock, 1909</p> <p>Paradoxosomatidae</p> <p>Sichotanus eurygaster Attems, 1898</p> <p>Polydesmidae</p> <p>Epanerchodus polymorphus Mikhaljova &amp; Golovatch, 1981 Epanerchodus koreanus Verhoeff, 1937</p> <p>Polyzoniidae</p> <p>Angarozonium bonum (Mikhaljova, 1979)</p> <p>Xystodesmidae</p> <p>Levizonus sp.</p> <p>COLLEMBOLA</p> <p>Hypogastruridae</p> <p>* Typhlogastrura korenevskyi Babenko, 1987 * Typhlogastrura thibaudi Babenko, 1994</p> <p>DIPLURA</p> <p>Campodeidae</p> <p>* Pacificampa birsteini Chevrisov, 1978</p> <p>* Pacificampa caesa Chevrisov, 1978</p> <p>* Plutocampa amurensis Chevrisov, 1978</p> <p>* Plutocampa methoria Chevrisov, 1978</p> <p>* Plutocampa mica Chevrisov, 1978</p> <p>* Plutocampa paurochaeta Chevrisov, 1978</p> <p>* Plutocampa speophila Chevrisov, 1978</p> <p>* Stilicampa tiunovi Chevrisov, 1986</p> <p>COLEOPTERA</p> <p>Leiodidae</p> <p>* Fusi nyujwa Perkovsky, 1989</p> <p>ORTHOPTERA</p> <p>Raphidophoridae</p> <p>Diestrammena japonica Blatchley, 1969</p> <p>Diestrammena unicolour Brunner-Wattenwyl, 1888 Tachycines (T.) boldyrevi Uvarov, 1938</p> <p>PSOCOPTERA</p> <p>Psyllipsocidae</p> <p>Psyllipsocus ramburii Selys-Longchamps, 1872</p> <p>524 The cave millipede fauna of Siberia is hitherto practically unknown. Only a single specimen of Diplomaragna from Irkutsk Area was published by Kniss (1991). However, this publication contains a taxonomic error. In addition, the record requires confirmation in the light of new taxonomic knowledge.</p> <p>COLLEMBOLA</p> <p>Hypogastruridae</p> <p>Two troglobitic species, Typhlogastrura korenevskyi and T. thibaudi, were described of the Far East.</p> <p>DIPLURA</p> <p>Campodeidae</p> <p>Several troglobionts were described by Chevrisov (1978, 1986): two Pacificampa, five Plutocampa and one Stilicampa (see Table 2).</p> <p>COLEOPTERA</p> <p>Leiodidae</p> <p>The troglobiont Cholevini Fusi nyujwa was desribed by Perkovsky (1989), known from the Bely Dvorec cave of Primory Krai (Fresneda et al., 2011) (see Table 2).</p> <p>CHIROPTERA</p> <p>Nine species of bats are found in the caves of the Far East and six in the Sakhalin Island caves.</p> <p>4 Conclusions</p> <p>The Russian subterranean fauna of Siberia and Far East distributes amongst 3 zoogeographic groups:</p> <p>- Centre-Asiatic taxa (Japanese): Asellidae and Janiridae, anophthalmes and unpigmented, recorded from the subterranean waters of the eastern part of the Ussury basin; Sibirasellus dentifer and S. parpurae, relationship with the Nipponasellus from Japan; Asellus primoriensis, strong related to the epigean A. hilgendorfii; and Mackinia continentalis. Among the terrestrial taxa, Diestrammena unicolour and D. japonica (Orthoptera, Rhapidophoridae). This group of troglobionts and troglophiles inhabite the Japanese caves.</p> <p>- Autochtonous and endemic Far East taxa: Epactophanoides udegeicus (Copepoda, Harpacticoida), Pacificampa birsteini and P. caesa (Diplura, Campodeidae), Amurocrangonyx arsenjevi (Amphipoda).</p> <p>- Widespread old taxa: the troglobiont Taracus birsteini (Opiliones), the troglophile Psyllipsocus ramburii (Psocoptera), and the stygobionts Bathynella gregaria, B. arsenjevi (Syncarida), Synurella stadukhini, Pseudocrangonyx and Procrangonyx primoryensis (Amphipoda).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AE87B19827C27260A70750B0D8F989	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Juberthie, Christian;Sidorov, Dimitri;Decu, Vasile;Mikhaljova, Elena;Semenchenko, Ksenia	Juberthie, Christian, Sidorov, Dimitri, Decu, Vasile, Mikhaljova, Elena, Semenchenko, Ksenia (2016): Subterranean fauna from Siberia and Russian Far East. Ecologica Montenegrina 7: 507-529, DOI: 10.37828/em.2016.7.21, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2016.7.21
