taxonID	type	description	language	source
03AE802CFFE9FFA7FD84FA9FA03AF802.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: C 60 BE 836 - ED 83 - 4339 - 8 F 04 - 08 FA 8 BBCD 6 D 5 Figs 1 – 5, 22	en	Reategui, Natália S., Rafael, José A., da Silva-Neto, Alberto M. (2025): Neurostigma Enderlein, 1900 (Psocodea: ‘ Psocoptera’: Epipsocidae) from Brazilian Amazon Rainforest: new species and variations in forewings. European Journal of Taxonomy 976: 1-32, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.976.2771, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2771/12673
03AE802CFFE9FFA7FD84FA9FA03AF802.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis The new species belongs in species group II, of Mendivil-Nieto et al. (2020). It is similar to Neurostigma radiatum in wing venation. I differs from the latter by having a distinctly irregular spot on forewing in medial region between M and CuA veins, and Cua 1 touching wing margin at a parallel point between first and second bifurcation of M vein (Figs 3 A – B, 5); the phallosome somewhat wide basally and gently curved outwards, with a V-shaped posterior process of the aedeagal arch, with a small subtriangular projection in the middle of its inner margin; and the endophallus with numerous V-shaped small spines, the radula with two sclerites, these almost together in middle of endophallus, basally almost triangular and weakly sclerotized, and posteriorly strongly sclerotized, with numerous acuminate projections, with two medially detached projections (Fig. 4 C).	en	Reategui, Natália S., Rafael, José A., da Silva-Neto, Alberto M. (2025): Neurostigma Enderlein, 1900 (Psocodea: ‘ Psocoptera’: Epipsocidae) from Brazilian Amazon Rainforest: new species and variations in forewings. European Journal of Taxonomy 976: 1-32, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.976.2771, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2771/12673
03AE802CFFE9FFA7FD84FA9FA03AF802.taxon	etymology	Etymology This species is dedicated to the memory of Dr Alfonso Neri García Aldrete (1942 – 2022), in recognition of his extensive and excellent contributions to the taxonomy of South American psocids.	en	Reategui, Natália S., Rafael, José A., da Silva-Neto, Alberto M. (2025): Neurostigma Enderlein, 1900 (Psocodea: ‘ Psocoptera’: Epipsocidae) from Brazilian Amazon Rainforest: new species and variations in forewings. European Journal of Taxonomy 976: 1-32, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.976.2771, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2771/12673
03AE802CFFE9FFA7FD84FA9FA03AF802.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype BRAZIL • ♂; Rondônia, Itapuã do Oeste, Flona Jamari; 9 ° 56 ′ 36 ″ S, 62 ° 54 ′ 45 ″ W; 2 May 2016; Z. F. M. da Silva and J. A. Rafael leg.; Malaise trap; Rede de Biodiversidade de Insecta na Amazônia (REDE BIA); INPA, INPA-PSO 000030. Paratypes BRAZIL • 4 ♂♂; same data as for holotype; INPA, INPA-PSO 000031 to 000034.	en	Reategui, Natália S., Rafael, José A., da Silva-Neto, Alberto M. (2025): Neurostigma Enderlein, 1900 (Psocodea: ‘ Psocoptera’: Epipsocidae) from Brazilian Amazon Rainforest: new species and variations in forewings. European Journal of Taxonomy 976: 1-32, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.976.2771, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2771/12673
03AE802CFFE9FFA7FD84FA9FA03AF802.taxon	description	Description Male COLORATION. Frons of head with two dark brown spots between eyes and ocelli, first spot wider, second spot thinner, together forming convex shape (Fig. 1 D); lateral areas of head entirely light brown (Fig. 1). Compound eyes black, ocelli hyaline with ochre centripetal crescents (Fig. 1). Scape, pedicel and flagellomeres hyaline. Clypeus light brown (Fig. 1 D); labrum light brown, with dark brown labral sclerites (Fig. 2 A), labium with light brown prementum, with dark brown round spot on sides, with palpi, paraglossas and glossa light brown (Fig. 2 B); brown maxillary palpi without blackish contour (Fig. 2 C), mandibles hyaline with yellowish and brownish ends (Fig. 2 D – E); hyaline lacinia with yellowish distal region (Fig. 2 F – G). Tergal lobes of meso and metathorax light brown (Fig. 1 A); thoracic pleura light brown (Fig. 1 A – B). Forewings with distinctly irregular spot in medial region between veins M and CuA (Fig. 3 A – B), brownish spots that run through all crossveins of pterostigma of right forewing, except vein R 1 (Fig. 3 A), on left forewing, the spot runs through R 1 (Fig. 3 B). Hindwings hyaline, veins brown (Fig. 3 C – D). Legs with coxae yellowish with blackened ends, trochanters light brown, femora basally with blackish spots, with several rounded black spots towards their ends (Fig. 3 E – G), tibiae with two rounded black spots distally, tarsomeres 1 light brown, tarsomeres 2 dark brown (Fig. 3 E – G). Abdomen light brown with dark abdominal segments (Fig. 1 A). MORPHOLOGY. Head with abundant macrosetae, more concentrated on vertex (Fig. 1 C – D), compound eyes large, widely separated (Fig. 1 C – D) and laterally elliptical (Fig. 1 E); vertex convex, clearly above upper border of compound eyes, with each lobe twice as wide as it is long (Fig. 1 D). Labium with prementum narrow, labial palpi with round shape, paraglossas with round shape, slender glossa (Fig. 2 B). Mandibles asymmetrical, elongate and with outer margin angled (Fig. 2 D – E), outer cusp of lacinial tip broad, with six or eight denticles (Fig. 2 F – G). Lobes tergal with many setae. Forewings with broad pterostigma (Fig. 3 A – B), right forewing pterostigma with six crossveins, sixth crossvein forked (Fig. 3 A); left forewing pterostigma with six crossveins, with second crossvein fused medially to third crossvein (Fig. 3 B) (see also the variations present in the paratypes (Fig. 5); R 2 + 3 veins unbranched (Fig. 3 A) or branched (Fig. 3 B of the holotype and Fig. 5 of the paratypes); M vein before its first bifurcation gently concave, U-shaped, then almost straight, areola postica wide basally, slightly slanted posteriorly, apically rounded, with Cua 1 touching the wing margin at a parallel point between first and second bifurcation of M vein (Figs 3 A – B, 5). Hindwing R 2 + 3 sinuous, R 4 + 5 almost straight, M sinuous (Fig. 3 C – D). Hypandrium with abundant setae, distally rounded, with a sclerotized line on each postero-lateral side (Fig. 4 A). Phallosome open basally; side struts straight, somewhat wide basally and gently curved outwards; aedeagal arch robust, posterior process of edeagal arch V-shaped, with small subtriangular projection in the middle of its inner margin; endophallus with numerous small spines V-shaped, radula with two sclerites, these almost together in the middle of endophallus, basally almost triangular and weakly sclerotized, and posteriorly strongly sclerotized, with numerous acuminate projections, with two medially detached projections (Fig. 4 C). Epiproct broad basally, with one triangular area on each anterolateral corner and small concavity in the middle of its anterior margin, sides converging to rounded posterior border, setae as illustrated (Fig. 4 B). Paraproct extremely elongated, distally almost triangular, with field of microsetae in distal region, sensory fields large, with 24 – 28 trichobothria on basal rosettes (Fig. 4 B). MEASUREMENTS (in μm). FW: 2335, HW: 1735, F: 527, T: 839, t 1: 317, t 2: 99, MX 2: 88, MX 4: 145, IO: 398, D: 139, d: 184, PO: 1.323.	en	Reategui, Natália S., Rafael, José A., da Silva-Neto, Alberto M. (2025): Neurostigma Enderlein, 1900 (Psocodea: ‘ Psocoptera’: Epipsocidae) from Brazilian Amazon Rainforest: new species and variations in forewings. European Journal of Taxonomy 976: 1-32, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.976.2771, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2771/12673
03AE802CFFE3FFA8FDB5FEFFA69EF84E.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 01 FF 68 C 2 - EA 58 - 4 CFA- 9 FC 2 - 51 AC 38 E 37 C 60 Figs 6 – 9, 22	en	Reategui, Natália S., Rafael, José A., da Silva-Neto, Alberto M. (2025): Neurostigma Enderlein, 1900 (Psocodea: ‘ Psocoptera’: Epipsocidae) from Brazilian Amazon Rainforest: new species and variations in forewings. European Journal of Taxonomy 976: 1-32, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.976.2771, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2771/12673
03AE802CFFE3FFA8FDB5FEFFA69EF84E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis The new species belongs in species group II, of Mendivil-Nieto et al. (2020). It is similar to Neurostigma patriciae sp. nov. in wing venation. It differs from the latter by having a phalossome somewhat narrow basaly and anteriorly curved outwards, with a long and wide posterior process of the aedeagal arch, with a slight indentation of the external and internal margins; the anterior margin of the endophallus with a U-shaped indentation, originating two areas similar to ‘ angels’ wings, extremely membranous, ending posteriorly with six strongly sclerotized and acuminate projections (Fig. 9 C) and by having hypandrium almost square in shape, basally wide and distally straight, with slightly sclerotized sides (Fig. 9 A).	en	Reategui, Natália S., Rafael, José A., da Silva-Neto, Alberto M. (2025): Neurostigma Enderlein, 1900 (Psocodea: ‘ Psocoptera’: Epipsocidae) from Brazilian Amazon Rainforest: new species and variations in forewings. European Journal of Taxonomy 976: 1-32, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.976.2771, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2771/12673
03AE802CFFE3FFA8FDB5FEFFA69EF84E.taxon	etymology	Etymology The specific name is an adjective in Latin, ‘ angelicus ’ = ‘ angelic’, derived from ‘ angel’ in reference to the shape of the endophallus of the phallosoma resembling an angel’s wing.	en	Reategui, Natália S., Rafael, José A., da Silva-Neto, Alberto M. (2025): Neurostigma Enderlein, 1900 (Psocodea: ‘ Psocoptera’: Epipsocidae) from Brazilian Amazon Rainforest: new species and variations in forewings. European Journal of Taxonomy 976: 1-32, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.976.2771, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2771/12673
03AE802CFFE3FFA8FDB5FEFFA69EF84E.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype BRAZIL • ♂; Amazonas, Coari, Rio Urucu, Igarapé Marta 3; 04 ° 48 ′ 30 ″ S, 64 ° 50 ′ 26 ″ W; 18 – 19 Aug. 1993; P. F Buhrnhein et al. leg.; Pennsylvania trap; INPA, INPA-PSO 000035.	en	Reategui, Natália S., Rafael, José A., da Silva-Neto, Alberto M. (2025): Neurostigma Enderlein, 1900 (Psocodea: ‘ Psocoptera’: Epipsocidae) from Brazilian Amazon Rainforest: new species and variations in forewings. European Journal of Taxonomy 976: 1-32, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.976.2771, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2771/12673
03AE802CFFE3FFA8FDB5FEFFA69EF84E.taxon	description	Description Male COLORATION. Head vertex with dark brown dotted spots (Fig. 6 C), lateral areas of head entirely light brown (Fig. 6 E). Compound eyes black, ocelli hyaline with ochre centripetal crescents. Scapes and pedicels brownish; flagellomeres hyaline. Clypeus with diffuse brownish spots (Fig. 6 D); labrum light brown, with light brown labral sclerites (Fig. 7 A); labium with prementum, palpi, paraglossa and glossa brown (Fig. 7 B), mandibles hyaline with yellowish and brownish ends (Fig. 7 C – D), laciniae hyaline with yellowish distal region (Fig. 7 E – F). Tergal lobes of meso and metathorax light brown (Fig. 6 C), thoracic pleura light brown (Fig. 6 B). Forewings with dark brown spot all over anal cell, and almost homogeneous in CuP and M + CuA cells (Fig. 8 A – B). Hindwings with homogeneous light brown spots on anal and CuP cells, M + CuA cell filled almost homogeneously by brown spot, with brown veins (Fig. 8 C – D). Abdomen light brown (Fig. 6 A). MORPHOLOGY. Head with macrosetae, more concentrated on vertex (Fig. 6 D – E); compound eyes large, widely separated, laterally rounded in shape (Fig. 6 E); vertex not bilobed, approximately at the same level as upper edge of compound eyes (Fig. 6 D). Labium with prementum narrow, labial palpi with round shape, paraglossa with round shape, slender glossa (Fig. 7 B). Mandibles asymmetrical, elongate and with outer margin angled (Fig. 7 C – D), outer cusp of lacinial tip broad, with six to eight denticles (Fig. 7 E – F). Tergal lobes with setae (Fig. 6 C). Forewings with many setae, especially on margins; right forewing pterostigma with four crossveins (Fig. 8 A); left forewing pterostigma with four crossveinns (Fig. 8 B); R 1 sinuous (Fig. 8 B), M vein before its first bifurcation gently concave, U-shaped (Fig. 8 A – B). Hindwing with R 2 + 3 and R 4 + 5 almost straight, M sinuous (Fig. 8 C – D). Hypandrium with a subquarate shape, with sides slightly sclerotized with abundant setae (Fig. 9 A). Process posterior of aedeagal arch long and narrow, with slightly indented external and internal margins; anterior margin of endophallus with U-shaped indentation, originating two areas similar to ‘ angels’ wings, extremely membranous, ending posteriorly with six strongly sclerotized and acuminate projections (Fig. 9 C). Epiproct with straight posterior margin, with a field of microsetae in medial and distal region (Fig. 9 B). Paraproct with broad base, narrowing distally, with a field of microsetae towards outer margin, sensory fields with 25 – 29 trichobothria on basal rosettes (Fig. 9 B). MEASUREMENTS (in μm). FW: 2818, HW: 2091, IO: 438, D: 266, d: 223, PO: 0.838.	en	Reategui, Natália S., Rafael, José A., da Silva-Neto, Alberto M. (2025): Neurostigma Enderlein, 1900 (Psocodea: ‘ Psocoptera’: Epipsocidae) from Brazilian Amazon Rainforest: new species and variations in forewings. European Journal of Taxonomy 976: 1-32, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.976.2771, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2771/12673
03AE802CFFE0FFB0FD80F98EA048FE3B.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: B 4 EB 71 C 0 - C 42 A- 46 D 0 - B 361 - FF 16 AF 09 A 333 Figs 10 – 13, 22	en	Reategui, Natália S., Rafael, José A., da Silva-Neto, Alberto M. (2025): Neurostigma Enderlein, 1900 (Psocodea: ‘ Psocoptera’: Epipsocidae) from Brazilian Amazon Rainforest: new species and variations in forewings. European Journal of Taxonomy 976: 1-32, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.976.2771, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2771/12673
03AE802CFFE0FFB0FD80F98EA048FE3B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis The new species belongs in species group II, of Mendivil-Nieto et al. (2020). It is similar to Neurostigma angelicum sp. nov. in wing venation. It differs from the latter by having the phallosoma somewhat narrow basaly and curved inwards anteriorly, posteriorly with a slight concavity, the posterior process of the aedeagal arch long, wide, with the distal margin concave, the external margin with an abruptly long indentation, and the internal margin with a slight indentation; the endophallus with two distinctly sclerotized areas, with separate endophallic sclerites touching anteriorly, posteriorly separated by a membranous area, each of these endophallic sclerites with denticulated posterior margin with numerous small acuminate and anteriorly coiled projections giving rise to a spiral area (Fig. 13 C).	en	Reategui, Natália S., Rafael, José A., da Silva-Neto, Alberto M. (2025): Neurostigma Enderlein, 1900 (Psocodea: ‘ Psocoptera’: Epipsocidae) from Brazilian Amazon Rainforest: new species and variations in forewings. European Journal of Taxonomy 976: 1-32, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.976.2771, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2771/12673
03AE802CFFE0FFB0FD80F98EA048FE3B.taxon	etymology	Etymology This species is dedicated to Dr Patrícia do Rosário Reis, from the University of the State of Amazonas (UEA), in recognition of her great contribution to the teaching of science in more remote areas of Amazonas, and for her friendship and affection.	en	Reategui, Natália S., Rafael, José A., da Silva-Neto, Alberto M. (2025): Neurostigma Enderlein, 1900 (Psocodea: ‘ Psocoptera’: Epipsocidae) from Brazilian Amazon Rainforest: new species and variations in forewings. European Journal of Taxonomy 976: 1-32, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.976.2771, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2771/12673
03AE802CFFE0FFB0FD80F98EA048FE3B.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype BRAZIL • ♂; Amazonas, Manaus, Estação Experimental de Silvicultura Tropical (EEST-ZF- 2); 02 ° 35 ′ 21 ″ S, 60 ° 06 ′ 55 ″ W; 9 – 24 Jan. 2018; J. A. Rafael leg.; Malaise trap; Rede de Biodiversidade de Insecta na Amazônia (REDE BIA); INPA, INPA-PSO 000036.	en	Reategui, Natália S., Rafael, José A., da Silva-Neto, Alberto M. (2025): Neurostigma Enderlein, 1900 (Psocodea: ‘ Psocoptera’: Epipsocidae) from Brazilian Amazon Rainforest: new species and variations in forewings. European Journal of Taxonomy 976: 1-32, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.976.2771, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2771/12673
03AE802CFFE0FFB0FD80F98EA048FE3B.taxon	description	Description Male COLORATION. Head vertex with dark brown dotted spots (Fig. 10), a dark brown horizontal spot between eyes and ocelli (Fig. 10 D), lateral areas of head entirely light brown (Fig. 10 E). Compound eyes black, ocelli hyaline with ochre centripetal crescents (Fig. 10 A). Scape and pedicels light brown, flagellomeres hyaline. Clypeus with diffuse brown spots (Fig. 10 D), labrum light brown, with dark brown labral sclerites (Fig. 11 A), labium with brown prementum, with palpi, paraglossas and glossa light brown (Fig. 11 B), light brown maxillary palpi without blackish contour (Fig. 11 C), mandibles hyaline with yellowish and brownish ends (Fig. 11 D – E), hyaline lacinia with a yellowish distal region (Fig. 11 F – G). Tergal lobes of meso and metathorax dark brown, thoracic pleura light brown (Fig. 10 B). Forewings with dark brown stain all over anal cell, and almost homogeneously in CuP and M + CuA cells (Fig. 12 A – B). Hindwings with light brown spots homogeneously in anal and CuP cells, with markedly brownish veins (Fig. 12 C – D). Legs with coxae, trochanters and femurs brownish, basally with blackish spots, no rounded spots medially and distally (Fig. 12 E – G), tibiae brownish without rounded spots distally, tarsomeres 1 light brown, tarsomeres 2 dark brown (Fig. 12 E – G). Abdomen light brown (Fig. 10 A). MORPHOLOGY. Head with abundant macrosetae, more concentrated on vertex (Fig. 10 D – E) compound eyes large, widely separated (Fig. 10 D – E) and laterally rounded in shape; vertex not bilobed, approximately at same level as upper edge of compound eyes (Fig. 10 D). Labium with prementum narrow, labial palpi with round shape, paraglossas with round shape, slender glossa (Fig. 11 B). Mandibles asymmetrical, elongate and with outer margin angled (Fig. 11 D – E), outer cusp of lacinial tip broad, with eight to nine denticles (Fig. 11 F – G). Forewings with many setae, especially on margins, right forewing pterostigma with three crossveins (Fig. 12 A); left forewing pterostigma with four crossveinss (Fig. 12 B). M vein before its first bifurcation, gently concave, U-shape, areola postica wide basally, slightly slanted posteriorly, apically rounded, with Cua 1 touching wing margin at a parallel point between first and second bifurcation of the vein M (Fig. 12 A – B). Hindwing R 2 + 3 nearly straight, M sinuous (Fig. 12 C – D). Hypandrium completely sclerotized with abundant setae, distally concave (Fig. 13 A). Posterior process of edeagal arch long, wide, with distal margin concave, external margin with abruptly long indentation, and internal margin with slight indentation; endophallus with two distinctly sclerotized areas, with separate endophallic sclerites touching anteriorly, posteriorly separated by membranous area, each of these endophallic sclerites with denticulated posterior margin with numerous small acuminate and anteriorly coiled projections giving rise to a spiral area (Fig. 13 C). Epiproct basally wide, distally concave, with field of microsetae (Fig. 13 B). Paraproct subtriangular in shape, with narrow base, extending distally, with field of microsetae towards outer margin, sensory fields with 28 – 29 trichobothria on basal rosettes (Fig. 13 B). MEASUREMENTS (in μm). FW: 2924, HW: 2211, F: 704, T: 1127, t 1: 460, t 2: 116, MX 2: 122, MX 4: 129, IO: 445, D: 255, d: 211, PO: 0.827.	en	Reategui, Natália S., Rafael, José A., da Silva-Neto, Alberto M. (2025): Neurostigma Enderlein, 1900 (Psocodea: ‘ Psocoptera’: Epipsocidae) from Brazilian Amazon Rainforest: new species and variations in forewings. European Journal of Taxonomy 976: 1-32, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.976.2771, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2771/12673
03AE802CFFFBFFB3FDBFFE24A328FA56.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 6731 CF 58 - D 473 - 46 DC- 9 E 38 - 1 AA 97 DD 69 CE 7 Figs 14 – 17, 22	en	Reategui, Natália S., Rafael, José A., da Silva-Neto, Alberto M. (2025): Neurostigma Enderlein, 1900 (Psocodea: ‘ Psocoptera’: Epipsocidae) from Brazilian Amazon Rainforest: new species and variations in forewings. European Journal of Taxonomy 976: 1-32, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.976.2771, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2771/12673
03AE802CFFFBFFB3FDBFFE24A328FA56.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis The new species belongs in species group II of Mendivil-Nieto et al. (2020). It is similar to Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov., N. lienhardi, and N. thorntoni in having anchor-shaped spines in the endophallus. It is closer to N. thorntoni in the venation of the forewing but differs in that it does not have a spot between the CuP veins and the A vein. The areola postica has Cua 1 touching wing margin at a parallel point after the second bifurcation of vein M (Fig. 16 A – B); the phalossome has a subquadrate posterior process of the aedeagal arch with an abrupt indentation of the external margin; the endophallus has the median region deeply septate with a V-shaped indentation, laterally membranous with seven distinct rows of spines, separated by a membranous area (Fig. 17 B).	en	Reategui, Natália S., Rafael, José A., da Silva-Neto, Alberto M. (2025): Neurostigma Enderlein, 1900 (Psocodea: ‘ Psocoptera’: Epipsocidae) from Brazilian Amazon Rainforest: new species and variations in forewings. European Journal of Taxonomy 976: 1-32, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.976.2771, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2771/12673
03AE802CFFFBFFB3FDBFFE24A328FA56.taxon	etymology	Etymology The specific name is a latin word ‘ spinae ’ = ‘ thorns’, in reference to the endophallus of the phallosoma being full of spines.	en	Reategui, Natália S., Rafael, José A., da Silva-Neto, Alberto M. (2025): Neurostigma Enderlein, 1900 (Psocodea: ‘ Psocoptera’: Epipsocidae) from Brazilian Amazon Rainforest: new species and variations in forewings. European Journal of Taxonomy 976: 1-32, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.976.2771, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2771/12673
03AE802CFFFBFFB3FDBFFE24A328FA56.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype BRAZIL • ♂; Amazonas, Tefé, Locação São Marcus; 04 ° 48 ′ 24 ″ S, 65 ° 40 ′ 06 ″ W; 7 – 16 Sep. 1990; P. F. Buhrnhein et al. leg.; Pennsylvania trap; INPA, INPA-PSO 000037.	en	Reategui, Natália S., Rafael, José A., da Silva-Neto, Alberto M. (2025): Neurostigma Enderlein, 1900 (Psocodea: ‘ Psocoptera’: Epipsocidae) from Brazilian Amazon Rainforest: new species and variations in forewings. European Journal of Taxonomy 976: 1-32, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.976.2771, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2771/12673
03AE802CFFFBFFB3FDBFFE24A328FA56.taxon	description	Description Male COLORATION. Head uniformly pale yellow (Fig. 14 A – C), lateral areas of head light yellow, compound eyes black, ocelli hyaline with ochre centripetal crescents (Fig. 14 D – E). Scapes, pedicels and flagellomeres hyaline. Clypeus light yellow; labrum hyaline, with dark brown labral sclerites (Fig. 15 A), labium with prementum, labial palpi, paraglossas and glossas light brown (Fig. 15 B); mandibles hyaline with yellowish and brownish ends (Fig. 15 C – D); laciniae hyaline with yellowish distal region (Fig. 15 E – F). Tergal lobes of mesothorax hyaline, tergal lobes of metathorax dark brown (Fig. 14 C), thoracic pleura hyaline (Fig. 14 B). Forewings with two rounded brown spots, one in medial region between CuP and M + Cu veins, another in proximal region of bifurcation that originates M and CuA veins, dark brown spot running through R 1 vein (Fig. 16 A – B). Hindwing with brownish spot in basal region between A vein and CuP vein (Fig. 16 C). Abdomen hyaline (Fig. 14 A). MORPHOLOGY. Head with macrosetae, more concentrated on vertex (Fig. 14 A – B); compound eyes large, widely separated, laterally rounded in shape (Fig. 14 D – E), vertex bilobed, approximately at same level as upper edge of compound eyes (Fig. 14 D – E). Labium with prementum narrow, labial palpi with round shape, paraglossa with round shape, slender glossa (Fig. 15 B). Mandibles asymmetrical, elongate and with outer margin angled (Fig. 15 C – D), outer cusp of lacinial tip broad, with eight to ten denticles (Fig. 15 E – F). Tergal lobes with setae (Fig. 14 C). Forewings with many setae, especially on margins, right forewing pterostigma with four crossveins (Fig. 16 A), left wing pterostigma with five crossveins (Fig. 16 B). M vein before its firts bifurcation gently concave U-shaped (Fig. 16 A – B). Hindwing with sinuous R 2 + 3 and straight R 4 + 5, M sinuous (Fig. 16 C). Posterior process of aedeagal arch subquadrate, with abrupt indentation of external margin; endophallus with median region deeply septate with V-shaped indentation, laterally membranous with seven distinct rows of spines, separated by membranous area (Fig. 17 B). Epiproct with concave posterior margin, with slightly angulated sides, field of microsetae in medial and distal region (Fig. 17 A). Paraproct with narrow base, widening distally, with microsetae field towards outer margin, sensory fields with 30 – 37 basal rosettes (Fig. 17 A). MEASUREMENTS (in μm). FW: 3097, HW: 2198, F: 643, T: 752, t 1: 293, t 2: 121, IO: 443, D: 350, d: 271, PO: 0.774.	en	Reategui, Natália S., Rafael, José A., da Silva-Neto, Alberto M. (2025): Neurostigma Enderlein, 1900 (Psocodea: ‘ Psocoptera’: Epipsocidae) from Brazilian Amazon Rainforest: new species and variations in forewings. European Journal of Taxonomy 976: 1-32, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.976.2771, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2771/12673
03AE802CFFF8FFB8FDBBFA1BA049FDBD.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 2 F 344899 - 1 DF 5 - 45 AB- 9887 - 025 DF 52 C 9 BEA Figs 18 – 22	en	Reategui, Natália S., Rafael, José A., da Silva-Neto, Alberto M. (2025): Neurostigma Enderlein, 1900 (Psocodea: ‘ Psocoptera’: Epipsocidae) from Brazilian Amazon Rainforest: new species and variations in forewings. European Journal of Taxonomy 976: 1-32, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.976.2771, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2771/12673
03AE802CFFF8FFB8FDBBFA1BA049FDBD.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis The new species belongs in species group II, of Mendivil-Nieto et al. (2020). It is similar to Neurostigma thorntoni, N. lienhardi, and N. spinosum sp. nov., in having anchor-shaped spines in the endophallus. It is closer to Neurostigma spinosum in the venation of the forewing, but it differs from it by having a spot between the base of the pterostigma and the Rs vein (Fig. 20 A – B), and by having a robust posterior process of the aedeagal arch, with a slight indentation of the inner margin, and an abrupt relief on the external margin (Fig. 21 C). The anterior region of the endophallus has a slight central indentation, and a field of spines close to the posterolateral margins with numerous small spines on the posterior edges, separated by a large membranous area (Fig. 21 C).	en	Reategui, Natália S., Rafael, José A., da Silva-Neto, Alberto M. (2025): Neurostigma Enderlein, 1900 (Psocodea: ‘ Psocoptera’: Epipsocidae) from Brazilian Amazon Rainforest: new species and variations in forewings. European Journal of Taxonomy 976: 1-32, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.976.2771, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2771/12673
03AE802CFFF8FFB8FDBBFA1BA049FDBD.taxon	etymology	Etymology This species is dedicated to Dr Dayse Willkenia Almeida Marques, from the Brazilian Institute of the Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA), in recognition of her enthusiasm in deciphering the female genitalia of Neurostigma.	en	Reategui, Natália S., Rafael, José A., da Silva-Neto, Alberto M. (2025): Neurostigma Enderlein, 1900 (Psocodea: ‘ Psocoptera’: Epipsocidae) from Brazilian Amazon Rainforest: new species and variations in forewings. European Journal of Taxonomy 976: 1-32, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.976.2771, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2771/12673
03AE802CFFF8FFB8FDBBFA1BA049FDBD.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype BRAZIL • ♂; Amazonas, Presidente Figueiredo; 02 ° 57 ′ 48.0 ″ S, 59 ° 55 ′ 22.2 ″ W; 9 Apr. 2013; J. A. Rafael leg.; light trap; INPA, INPA-PSO 000038.	en	Reategui, Natália S., Rafael, José A., da Silva-Neto, Alberto M. (2025): Neurostigma Enderlein, 1900 (Psocodea: ‘ Psocoptera’: Epipsocidae) from Brazilian Amazon Rainforest: new species and variations in forewings. European Journal of Taxonomy 976: 1-32, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.976.2771, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2771/12673
03AE802CFFF8FFB8FDBBFA1BA049FDBD.taxon	description	Description Male COLORATION. Head uniformly pale yellow; lateral areas of head light yellow; compound eyes black, ocelli hyaline with ochre centripetal crescents (Fig. 18 A – E). Scape, pedicels and flagellomeres hyaline. Clypeus light yellow (Fig. 18 D), labrum hyaline with dark brown labral sclerites (Fig. 19 A), labium with light brown prementum, with labial palpi, paraglossas and glossas light brown (Fig. 19 B), mandibles hyaline with yellowish and brownish ends (Fig. 19 D – E), laciniae hyaline with yellowish distal region (Fig. 19 F – G). Tergal lobes of mesothorax hyaline, tergal lobes of metathorax dark brown (Fig. 18 C), thoracic pleura hyaline (Fig. 18 B). Forewings with three light brown spots, first in medial region between CuP and M + Cu veins, second in basal region of bifurcation of M + Cu veins, third in basal region between base of pterostigma and Rs vein (Fig. 20 A – B); hindwings with brownish spots in basal region from vein A to CuP (Fig. 20 C – D). Legs thighs yellowish, trochanters light brown, femurs with blackish spots basally, and rounded black spots medially and distally (Fig. 20 E), tibiae with two rounded black spots distally, tarsomeres 1 dark brown, tarsomeres 2 dark brown (Fig. 20 E). Abdomen hyaline (Fig. 18 A). MORPHOLOGY. Head with macrosetae, more concentrated on vertex (Fig. 18 D – E), compound eyes large, widely separated, laterally rounded in shape (Fig. 18 D – E), vertex bilobed, approximately at same level as upper border of compound eyes (Fig. 18 D). Labium with prementum narrow, labial palpi with round shape, paraglossa with round shape, glossa slender (Fig. 19 B). Mandibles asymmetrical, elongate and with outer margin angled (Fig. 19 D – E), outer cusp of lacinial tip broad, with eight to nine denticles (Fig. 19 F – G). Tergal lobes with setae (Fig. 18 C). Forewings with many setae, especially on margins; right forewing pterostigma with four crossveins (Fig. 20 A); left forewing pterostigma with six crossveins (Fig. 20 B); M vein before its first bifurcation abruptly concave U-shape (Fig. 20 A – B). Hindwing with R 2 + 3 and R 4 + 5 almost straight, M sinuous (Fig. 20 C – D). Hypandrium with abundant setae, distally rounded, gently concave, wirh sides not angled, more sclerotized on sides (Fig. 21 A). Posterior process of aedeagal arch with slight indentation of inner margin, with abrupt relief on external margin (Fig. 21 C); anterior region of endophallus with slight central indentation, with a field of spines, close to posterolateral margins with numerous small spines on posterior edges, separated by large membranous area (Fig. 21 C). Epiproct with concave posterior margin, with field of microsetae in distal region (Fig. 21 B). Paraproct with narrow base, widening distally, with straight distal region, with microsetae field towards outer margin, sensory fields with 38 – 39 basal rosettes (Fig. 21 B). MEASUREMENTS (in μm). FW: 3658, HW: 2661, F: 627, T: 788, t 1: 284, t 2: 145, MX 2: 113, MX 4: 226, IO: 503, D: 245, d: 184, PO: 0.751.	en	Reategui, Natália S., Rafael, José A., da Silva-Neto, Alberto M. (2025): Neurostigma Enderlein, 1900 (Psocodea: ‘ Psocoptera’: Epipsocidae) from Brazilian Amazon Rainforest: new species and variations in forewings. European Journal of Taxonomy 976: 1-32, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.976.2771, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2771/12673
