taxonID	type	description	language	source
03AEFA570164FFEEFF1F9FA07C31FB89.taxon	description	http: // zoobank. org / urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 093 F 56 E 5 - D 07 E- 44 C 3 - 8 E 75 - 059 C 486 CB 222	en	Tennyson, Alan James Drummond, Tomotani, Barbara Mizumo (2021): A new fossil species of Procellaria (Aves: Procellariiformes) from the Pliocene of New Zealand. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (Pap. Avulsos Zool., S. Paulo) 61: 1-11, DOI: 10.11606/1807-0205/2021.61.16, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2021.61.16
03AEFA570164FFEEFF1F9FA07C31FB89.taxon	etymology	Etymology: From the unusually deep premaxilla in comparison to other members of the Procellaria genus.	en	Tennyson, Alan James Drummond, Tomotani, Barbara Mizumo (2021): A new fossil species of Procellaria (Aves: Procellariiformes) from the Pliocene of New Zealand. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (Pap. Avulsos Zool., S. Paulo) 61: 1-11, DOI: 10.11606/1807-0205/2021.61.16, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2021.61.16
03AEFA570164FFEEFF1F9FA07C31FB89.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: NMNZ S. 46691; partial skeleton embedded, but largely exposed, in a concretion. Elements preserved: partial cranium (crushed) with premaxilla, furcula, both coracoids, right scapula, right humerus, both ulnae, right radius, synsacrum, left femur, both tibiotarsi, both tarsometatarsi but the left is missing both ends, one pedal phalange, and other fragments. The fossil is from a fully grown individual based on bone ossification (Fig. 2). Type Locality, Type Horizon and Age: Ohawe Beach, south Taranaki, North Island, New Zealand (New Zealand Fossil Record Electronic Database Number Q 21 / F 0175, Fig. 3). The fossil was found inside a marine mudstone concretion loose on the beach in 2015, and prepared by John Buchanan-Brown in the same year. The concretion is presumed to have eroded from an adjacent cliff in the Tangahoe Formation. This Formation is 3.0 - 3.4 Ma (local Waipipian stage, late Pliocene, Piacenzian; McKee, 1994; Naish et al., 2005; Thomas et al., 2020). Such concretions are thought to have formed on the ocean floor at a depth of up to 50 m or more (Tennyson & Mannering, 2018).	en	Tennyson, Alan James Drummond, Tomotani, Barbara Mizumo (2021): A new fossil species of Procellaria (Aves: Procellariiformes) from the Pliocene of New Zealand. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (Pap. Avulsos Zool., S. Paulo) 61: 1-11, DOI: 10.11606/1807-0205/2021.61.16, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2021.61.16
03AEFA570164FFEEFF1F9FA07C31FB89.taxon	diagnosis	Differential diagnosis: Procellaria altirostris sp. nov. is identified as a member of the Procellariiformes by the beak having a sharply hooked tip, lateral furrows rostral of the nostrils (nasolabial grooves) and marked supraorbital fossae for nasal glands (fossa glandulae nasalis), i. e., salt glands. Procellaria altirostris sp. nov. is most similar to the White-Chinned Petrel (P. aequinoctialis), Spectacled Petrel (P. conspicillata) and Westland Petrel (P. westlandica). Compared with these taxa, the new species has a deeper and shorter premaxilla, a larger coracoid and shorter wings, while its legs are a similar size. It is slightly larger than the Grey Petrel (P. cinerea) and notably larger than the Black Petrel (P. parkinsoni). The Grey Petrel also differs in having a more slender beak (width and depth relative to length) than all other members of the genus. Procellaria species show minor sexual dimorphism in size, with males averaging a little larger (Marchant & Higgins, 1990; Warham, 1990). However, regardless of the sex of the fossil, it still falls outside the range of variation seen in other species (Table 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 4, Appendix 2).	en	Tennyson, Alan James Drummond, Tomotani, Barbara Mizumo (2021): A new fossil species of Procellaria (Aves: Procellariiformes) from the Pliocene of New Zealand. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (Pap. Avulsos Zool., S. Paulo) 61: 1-11, DOI: 10.11606/1807-0205/2021.61.16, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2021.61.16
03AEFA570164FFEEFF1F9FA07C31FB89.taxon	description	Measurements: see Table 1, Fig. 1.	en	Tennyson, Alan James Drummond, Tomotani, Barbara Mizumo (2021): A new fossil species of Procellaria (Aves: Procellariiformes) from the Pliocene of New Zealand. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (Pap. Avulsos Zool., S. Paulo) 61: 1-11, DOI: 10.11606/1807-0205/2021.61.16, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2021.61.16
03AEFA570164FFEEFF1F9FA07C31FB89.taxon	distribution	Distribution: The holotype is the only known specimen of Procellaria altirostris sp. nov. All members of the genus Procellaria travel thousands of kilometres at sea when foraging and / or migrating (Brooke, 2004), so we expect that Procellaria altirostris sp. nov. had similar behaviours and would have ranged widely in the seas around proto – New Zealand and probably been a long-distance migrant like other members of this genus (Brooke, 2004).	en	Tennyson, Alan James Drummond, Tomotani, Barbara Mizumo (2021): A new fossil species of Procellaria (Aves: Procellariiformes) from the Pliocene of New Zealand. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (Pap. Avulsos Zool., S. Paulo) 61: 1-11, DOI: 10.11606/1807-0205/2021.61.16, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2021.61.16
03AEFA570164FFEEFF1F9FA07C31FB89.taxon	discussion	DISCUSSION The discovery of a well-preserved specimen of a Procellaria petrel from the Pliocene adds important new knowledge about the history of this genus. Only two previous studies have identified this genus in Pliocene deposits and those were disarticulated remains: a single partial humerus from the early Pliocene of South Africa (Olson, 1985 a) and three bones from the early Pliocene of North Carolina, USA (Olson & Rasmussen, 2001). No older fossils of the genus are known (Olson, 1985 b). Otherwise only much younger (Holocene) fossils have been documented (e. g., Tennyson, 2020; Worthy & Jouventin, 1999). This lack of a good fossil record for the genus has impaired more detailed analyses of its evolution. Our description of a Pliocene Procellaria provides further evidence to support the phylogeny proposed by Penhallurick & Wink (2004), which suggested that crown-group Procellaria taxa were already present in the Miocene. While we can only speculate on the functional significance of the minor skeletal differences between P. altirostris sp. nov. and other members of the genus, the fossil species probably had similar feeding strategies to living Procellaria. For example, surface feeding and shallow diving, with a diet consisting mainly of fishes, cephalopods and crustaceans (Brooke, 2004). When compared with other Procellaria, the relatively short wings, particularly the short ulna compared with the humerus length, suggest that it may have been less of a glider (Kuroda, 1955), perhaps using diving more often as a feeding strategy. Finally, while New Zealand today is the worldwide centre of diversity for species of procellariiforms, including Procellaria (Dickinson & Remsen, 2013), the new Pliocene fossil is the only evidence of Procellaria petrels being present in the country prior to the Late Pleistocene (Gill et al., 2010) and demonstrates a longer history for the genus in the region.	en	Tennyson, Alan James Drummond, Tomotani, Barbara Mizumo (2021): A new fossil species of Procellaria (Aves: Procellariiformes) from the Pliocene of New Zealand. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (Pap. Avulsos Zool., S. Paulo) 61: 1-11, DOI: 10.11606/1807-0205/2021.61.16, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2021.61.16
