identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03AF3A058D73FFA9FAA9F90FA66AFCFD.text	03AF3A058D73FFA9FAA9F90FA66AFCFD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Procloeon (Oculogaster) Kluge 2016	<div><p>Oculogaster Kluge 2016</p><p>(Figs 1–133)</p><p>Subgenus Oculogaster Kluge 2016: 494 .</p><p>Type species: Procloeon cylindroculum Kimmins 1956 .</p><p>Diagnosis. (1) Viviparous (Kluge 2016: figs 38–42, 76–79). The same in Cloeon s. str. and some other mayflies, but not in other Procloeon /g1. (2) Pterostigma normally either with 1 cross vein (Fig. 40), or with 2 cross veins (Fig. 104) (on individual wings this number varies from 1 to 3) (Figs 40–41). (3) Larval femur with two apical spine-like setae (Figs 17, 81, 110). The same in many other taxa of Baetidae, but not in other Procloeon /g1 and not in other Cloeon /fg1.</p><p>Larvae of all Oculogaster have a similar structure of the labium, with a pair of submedian setae distinguishable among other setae of dorsal surface (Figs 50, 113). Mandibles of the « Baetis - type » (Kluge 2020a: table 1 and p. 578), i.e. with incisor and kinetodontium fused, left prostheca wide, and all denticles of incisor, kinetodontium, prostheca and mola visible in one view (Figs 51–52, 114–115). All species of Oculogaster lack hind wings, and larvae have no vestiges of hind protoptera (Müller-Liebenau &amp; Hubbard 1985: fig. 9h).</p><p>Distribution. Paleotropical (Afrotropical and Oriental Regions).</p><p>Discussion. In the previous diagnosis, the number of cross veins in pterostigma was reported as one, with individual variability; this diagnosis was based on P. (O.) cylindroculum and P. (O.) album, whose pterostigma normally has one cross vein. Examination of P. regularum reveals that it should be placed in Oculogaster, while its pterostigma normally has 2 cross veins; this fact expands the diagnosis of Oculogaster . While pterostigma with one cross vein is not found in any taxa other than Oculogaster, pterostigma with two veins occurs in some other taxa, particularly in some species of Cloeon s. str., which were confused with species belonging to Oculogaster .</p><p>Species composition and classification. Oculogaster can be divided into two species groups: the African group, which includes P. (O.) cylindroculum Kimmins 1956, P. (O.) barnardi sp. n., P. (O.) niger sp. n., P. (O.) sp. «Wolfkloof» and presumably P. (O.) silvicola Gillies 1997, and the Asian group, which includes P. (O.) album Kluge 2016, P. (O.) regularum Müller-Liebenau &amp; Hubbard 1985, P. (O.) malabarensis sp. n., presumably P. julia (Gillies 1949) comb. n. and unnamed P. sp. «Thailand-3», P. sp. «Sulawesi» and P. sp. « Philippines ».</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AF3A058D73FFA9FAA9F90FA66AFCFD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kluge, Nikita J.	Kluge, Nikita J. (2020): Review of Oculogaster Kluge 2016 (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae, Procloeon Bengtsson 1915). Zootaxa 4820 (3): 401-437, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4820.3.1
03AF3A058D76FFAFFAA9FF3BA162FB43.text	03AF3A058D76FFAFFAA9FF3BA162FB43.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Procloeon (Oculogaster) cylindroculum Kimmins 1956	<div><p>Procloeon (Oculogaster) cylindroculum Kimmins 1956</p><p>Procloeon cylindroculum Kimmins 1956: 865 (♂ imago); Kimmins 1960: 341 (♀ imago, ♂ and ♀ subimagines); Kimmins 1971: 312 (holotype); Gillies 1997: 247 (♀ imago, larva).</p><p>Cloeon cylindroculum: Demoulin 1970: 55; Gillies 1979: 155 (♂ imago); Gillies 1980: 145 (♂ and ♀ imagines, larva); Gillies 1985: 8.</p><p>Procloeon (Oculogaster) cylindroculum: Kluge 2016: 495 (larva, subimago, ♂ and ♀ imagines).</p><p>Material examined (ZIN). TANZANIA: Njombe Region, sources of Great Ruaha river above <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=34.083332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-8.866667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 34.083332/lat -8.866667)">Mfumbi</a> (8 km E Chimala) 8°52′S, 34°05′E, 26.VII–3.VIII.2016, coll. N. Kluge &amp; L. Sheyko: 3 L-S-I ♂ , 1 L-S ♂, 4 L-S-I ♀, 5 L-S ♀, 16 larvae; 13–16.VIII.2017, coll. N. Kluge &amp; L. Sheyko: 1 L-S-I ♀, 5 larvae. ZAMBIA, UGANDA, MALI – see Kluge 2016.</p><p>Material newly reported: ZIMBABWE: Province Matabeleland North, Zambezi River, Victoria Falls, 24.IV.1993, coll. P.C. Matteson: 1 ♀ imago (deposited in the Purdue University Research Collection, USA; personal communication by Thomas Klubertanz).</p><p>Additional characters. Abdominal terga of larva have not only simple (i.e. non-bifurcate) setae, but also one pair of bifurcate setae near midlength of each tergum VIII–IX and one pair of bifurcate setae near posterior margin of each tergum VII and IX (as in Figs 3 and 48). On tergum IX the row of denticles is interrupted medially, behind a pair of submedian setae (as in Fig. 47). Other characters as formerly described (Kluge 2016).</p><p>Distribution. Tropical Africa.</p><p>Comment. Larvae inhabit rivers with significant water current, but keep themselves in the places with nearly stagnant water; in the mountain portion of Great Ruaha many larvae were found in a pool formed by integral rock and separated by this rock from the current.</p><p>In the previous paper (Kluge 2016), I wrote that since nobody compared specimens of the tropical Procloeon cylindroculum with specimens of the South African form described by Barnard (1932) as « Austrocloeon africanum », most probably these forms belong to one and the same species. Now the new reared material from South Africa allows to make such comparison and conclude that these two forms clearly differ one from another by coloration of winged stages; that fact allows them to be treated as two different species, P. (O.) cylindroculum and P. (O.) barnardi sp. n. (see below).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AF3A058D76FFAFFAA9FF3BA162FB43	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kluge, Nikita J.	Kluge, Nikita J. (2020): Review of Oculogaster Kluge 2016 (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae, Procloeon Bengtsson 1915). Zootaxa 4820 (3): 401-437, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4820.3.1
03AF3A058D76FFA6FAA9FB74A7E9FC0D.text	03AF3A058D76FFA6FAA9FB74A7E9FC0D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Procloeon (Oculogaster) barnardi Kluge 2020	<div><p>Procloeon (Oculogaster) barnardi sp. n.</p><p>(Figs 1–42)</p><p>Austrocloeon africanum: Barnard 1932: 217 (imago, larva); Barnard 1940: 623; Crass 1947: 57; Harrison 1950: 113; Harrison &amp; Agnew 1962: 278: Table 4, 289; Chutter 1963; Oliff &amp; King 1964: 576: Table 3a (non Cloeon africanum Esben-Petersen 1913). Procloeon africanum: Kimmins 1956: 866; Gillies 1997: 247. Cloeon africanum: Palmer, O’Keeffe, Palmer, Dunne &amp; Radloff 1993: 448 (non Esben-Petersen 1913). Procloeon (Oculogaster) cylindroculum (partim): Kluge 2016: 495.</p><p>Etymology. The species is named in honour of K.H. Barnard, who described it under the name « Austrocloeon africanum ».</p><p>Material examined. Holotype (AM): L-S-I ♂ {specimen [III](10)2019}, SOUTH AFRICA, Cape Winelands District (= Boland District), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.916666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.958336" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.916666/lat -33.958336)">Jonkershoek Valley</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.916666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.958336" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.916666/lat -33.958336)">Eerste River</a> upstream <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.916666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.958336" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.916666/lat -33.958336)">Stellenbosch</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.916666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.958336" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.916666/lat -33.958336)">Swiss Club</a> (5 km SE <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.916666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.958336" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.916666/lat -33.958336)">Stel-lenbosch</a>), 33°57′30′′S, 18°55′E, 22.I.2019, coll. N. Kluge &amp; L. Sheyko. Paratypes (ZIN): same locality and col-lectors, 18–19.I.2019: 1 L/S ♂, 2L/S ♀, 3 larvae; 8–11.II.2019: 2 L/S ♂, 2 L-S ♀, 5 larvae; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=23.525&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.95" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 23.525/lat -33.95)">Winelands District</a> (= <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=23.525&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.95" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 23.525/lat -33.95)">Boland District</a>), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=23.525&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.95" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 23.525/lat -33.95)">Wolwekloof River</a> near fall to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=23.525&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.95" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 23.525/lat -33.95)">Witte River</a> (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=23.525&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.95" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 23.525/lat -33.95)">Bain’s Kloof</a>), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=23.525&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.95" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 23.525/lat -33.95)">Tweede Tol</a> campsite, 33°34′S 19°08′E, 20–22.I.2019, coll. N. Kluge &amp; L. Sheyko: 1 L/S ♀, 1 larva; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=23.525&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.95" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 23.525/lat -33.95)">Overberg District</a>, Wolfkloof, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=23.525&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.95" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 23.525/lat -33.95)">Keurbooms River</a> (8 km WNW <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=23.525&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.95" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 23.525/lat -33.95)">Swellendam</a>), 33°59′S 20°22′30”E, coll. N. Kluge &amp; L. Sheyko: 25–26.I.2019: 1 larva; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=23.525&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.95" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 23.525/lat -33.95)">Garden Route district</a> (= <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=23.525&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.95" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 23.525/lat -33.95)">Eden district</a>): <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=23.525&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.95" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 23.525/lat -33.95)">Cango Mountain</a> resort (20 km NNE <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=23.525&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.95" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 23.525/lat -33.95)">Oudshoorn</a>), 33°25′S 22°16′E, 28.I–2.II.2019, coll. N. Kluge &amp; L. Sheyko: 1 L/S ♂, 1 L-S-I ♀, 1 L-S ♀; lodge «Wild Spirit», tributary of Bobbejaans River (5 km NW Nature’s Valley), 33°57′S 23°31′30”E, 3rd pool from waterfall, 3–7.II.2019, coll. N. Kluge: 3 L-S-I ♀, 1 L-S ♀, 3 larvae.</p><p>Descriptions. Larva. CUTICULAR COLORATION. Head with brownish and colorless areas. Pronotum and mesonotum ocher or brownish with lighter and darker areas (Figs 1, 11, 13, 15, 16); mesonotum with more-orless large blanks approximately corresponding to blanks on submedioscutum and posterior scutal protuberance of subimaginal cuticle (Fig. 1); cuticle of fore protoptera either nearly unicolor, or with darker brown stripes along convex veins and stripes lighter than background along concave veins (Fig. 13). Metanotum and thoracic pleura with colorless and brownish areas, thoracic sterna colorless. Legs colorless or light ocher, with diffusive brown bands in distal part of femur, in proximal part of tibia and in proximal part of tarsus. Abdominal terga with variable maculation, different on different segments; most or all terga with submedian pair of blanks, either corresponding to sigilla, or larger than sigilla; terga IV and VII more-or-less lighter than others (Figs 2, 10, 12, 14, 16). Abdominal sterna lighter than terga, either unicolor, or with lighter and darker areas. Caudalii ocher with posterior margin of every 4th segment brown (Fig. 8).</p><p>HYPODERMAL COLORATION. Mature larva with markings characteristic for winged stages, similar in male and female: abdominal terga II, IV and VII with large W-shaped reddish-brown macula (Figs 4, 6–7); abdominal sterna with lateral longitudinal brown maculae (Figs 6–7), whose size varies individually (as in Figs 37, 38).</p><p>SHAPE AND SETATION. Labrum as in other Oculogaster (as in Figs 49–50; Kluge 2016: figs 29, 43). Mandibles with incisor and kinetodontium fused more than to middle, with ventral denticle well-developed; incisor of right mandible with 2nd denticle shortest; right prostheca apically with 3–6 short parallel processes [as in P. (O.) niger sp. n. (Fig. 52) and P. (O.) cylindroculum (Kluge 2016: figs 9–10)]. Maxillary palp 2-segmented (Barnard 1932: fig. 9e; as in Fig. 54). Labium with glossae and paraglossae of subequal size, palp with median angle moderately projected (Barnard 1932: fig. 9d; as in Figs 55–56). Femora with very small spine-like setae on outer and inner sides, with 2 spine-like apical setae located in plane of leg; apical setae pointed or blunt, larger than other spine-like setae or equal to them (Fig. 17). Claws moderately long, with two rows of denticles, minute in proximal part and larger more distally, reaching mid-length of claw (Fig. 29). Hind protoptera completely absent. Lateral spines on abdominal segments V–IX, spines sometimes present only on some of these segments; segment IX with 2–7 spines on one side, other segments with equal or less number of spines (Figs 2–3). Posterolateral spines present on segments II–IX, being minute on anterior segments. Posterior margin of abdominal tergum I with few small sparse spine-like pointed denticles; posterior margins of terga II–X with larger spine-like pointed denticles of unequal length (Fig. 3); on tergum IX row of denticles interrupted medially, behind pair of submedian setae (as in Fig. 47). Abdominal terga with short scales in wide semilunar or W-shaped non-opercula-bearing sockets, with sparse simple fine setae; one pair of bifurcate setae (as in Fig. 48) near midlength of each tergum VIII–IX and one pair of bifurcate setae near posterior margin of each tergum VII and IX (Fig. 3). Posterior margins of abdominal sterna I–V smooth, posterior margins of sterna VI–IX and paraprocts with spine-like pointed denticles of unequal length (as in Fig. 47). Abdominal sterna with sparse scales and sparse fine setae; in lateral areas of sterna both simple and bifid fine setae vary from small to very long, located sparsely and irregularly, not forming regular rows. Tergalius I with costal rib very short and lacking denticles; costal rib on tergalii II–VII longer, either without denticles or with few small denticles on apex; dorsal lamella present either on tergalii I–VI, I–V, or I–IV (Figs 19–28). In distal part of cercus spine on lateral side of each segment subequal to or 1.5 times longer than next segment (Fig. 9).</p><p>Subimago. CUTICULAR COLORATION. Head colorless. Pronotum with brown and colorless areas. Mesonotum brown with sutures darker brown, with large colorless areas occupying anterior part of submedioscutum and posterior scutal protuberance (Fig. 32). Thoracic pleura mostly colorless, with some sclerites brown (Fig. 33). Legs nearly colorless, with base of tibia brown, sometimes brownish stripes on femur. Abdomen very light brownish with sigilla colorless. Caudalii colorless.</p><p>HYPODERMAL COLORATION. As in imago, similar in male and female (see below).</p><p>TEXTURE. On fore leg of male and female 1st tarsal segment covered partly with microtrichia (as tibia), partly with pointed microlepides; all other tarsal segments entirely covered with pointed microlepides (as in Fig. 42).</p><p>Imago, male (Figs 30–31). Head ocher with brown. Antenna pale ocher, scapus and pedicellus with small brown spot at apex on lateral and median sides. Turbinate eyes widened apically; facetted surface yellow, stem orange. Pronotum ocher with brown maculae; propleura and prosternum brown, articulations pale ocher. Meso- and metathorax with sclerites brown, membranes pale ocher. Legs pale ocher or whitish. In holotype, ratio femur / tibia / tarsal segments (mm) on fore leg 0.96: 1.20: 0.05: 0.52: 0.35: 0.19: 0.14; on middle and hind leg 0.85: 0.73: 0.28: 0.09: 0.04: 0.14. Middle and hind legs without apical spine on 1st+2nd tarsomere, with single apical spine on primary 3rd tarsomere (as in Fig. 42). Wing with membrane colorless, veins ocher; subcostal vein proximad of costal brace colored with brown. Pterostigma with one oblique cross vein; besides it, costal field with very slender cross vein belonging to middle cord of cross veins (as in female – Barnard 1932: fig. 8). Marginal intercalaries present in most of interspaces, both behind convex and concave longitudinal veins. Hind wing absent. Abdominal terga light ocher with large darker W-shaped maculae, contrastingly reddish-brown on terga II, IV and VII, less contrasting on other terga. Abdominal sternum I light brownish, with pair of round lateral brown maculae; sterna II–IX light ocher, with pair of longitudinal lateral brown stripes. Gonostyli pale ocher, penis brown. Median projection of penis semicircular (Fig. 34). Cerci with alternating whitish and brown segments.</p><p>Imago, female (Figs 36–39). Head relatively wide, distance between eyes exceeds eye length; eyes only slightly elevated above head surface. Head ocher, with or without brown markings. Pronotum ocher, with more or less extensive brown spots. Mesonotum either uniformly pale ocher (Fig. 37), or with medioscutum darker, scutellum white and parascutellum brown (Fig. 38). Postnotum either uniformly pale ocher, or with brown markings. Thoracic pleura and sterna ocher or light brownish, with brown and white maculae. Fore leg without apical spine on 2nd tarsomere, with single apical spine on primary 3rd tarsomere (as in Fig. 76); same on middle and hind legs (as in Fig. 42). Wings as in male (see above); on one wing of one specimen, pterostigma, besides one cross vein, with additional incomplete cross vein (Fig. 41). Abdominal terga ocher with contrasting reddish-brown maculae: most extensive and more or less W-shaped maculae on terga II, IV and VII; median unpaired spot or stripe (either separate or incorporated into W-shaped macula) on terga II–VII; pair of submedian spots on all or some of terga II–VII; pair of zigzag ocher or brown bands along lateral margins of abdominal terga, connecting W-shape maculae of terga II, IV and VII. Abdominal sterna ocher, sterna I–IX with pair of contrasting reddish-brown lateral maculae: these maculae either round on sternum I and longitudinal wedge-like on sterna II–IX (Fig. 36; Barnard 1932: fig. 9a), or wide and parallel-sided on all sterna I–IX (Fig. 39). Cerci with alternating whitish and brown segments.</p><p>Egg. Without rigid chorion (viviparity).</p><p>Dimension. Fore wing length of male and female 4.5–5 mm (5–5.5 mm according to Barnard 1932).</p><p>Comparison. The larva of P. (O.) barnardi sp. n. has the same structure and cuticular coloration as P. (O.) cylindroculum . However, the hypodermal pigmentation of larva, subimago and imago is clearly different in these two species. While in P. (O.) cylindroculum the abdominal hypodermal pigmentation sharply differs in male and female (Kluge 2016: figs 35–36), in P. (O.) barnardi sp. n. it is similar in both sexes (Figs 30, 37–38), especially in the subimaginal stage (Figs 6–7). I was able to examine only one male imago of P. (O.) barnardi sp. n., but the characteristic hypodermal pigmentation of the male was examined also on 7 mature male larvae (Figs 4, 6), so this character is assumed to be reliably species-specific.</p><p>In contrast to male P. (O.) cylindroculum, whose middle abdominal terga are either non-pigmented, or with one pair of small spots on tergum IV only (Kluge 2016: figs 33–34), in male P. (O.) barnardi sp. n. all abdominal terga have large W-shaped maculae (Figs 30–31). Male imaginal turbinate eyes of P. (O.) barnardi sp. n. are much wider that that of P. (O.) cylindroculum . Kimmins (1965) correctly reported that the male imago of P. (O.) cylindroculum differs by «more slender claspers» (i.e. gonostyli) (Kimmins 1965: fig. 2; Kluge 2016: fig. 30), while in P. (O.) barnardi sp. n. the second segment of gonostylus is relatively shorter and thicker (Fig. 34; Barnard 1932: fig. 9i).</p><p>In contrast to female P. (O.) cylindroculum, whose abdominal terga have constant zigzag lateral bands expressed both in imago and subimago, and have no median maculae (Kluge 2016; fig. 36), female P. (O.) barnardi sp. n. has median maculae on all or some terga, while zigzag lateral bands are expressed only in imago (Figs 36–39), being absent in subimago and larva (Fig. 7).</p><p>Comments. This species was described by Barnard (1932), who regarded it to be conspecific with Cloeon africanum Esben-Petersen 1913 and placed it in a newly established genus Austrocloeon Barnard 1932 . The species identification was based not on the holotype, but on «topotypes from Zululand» (Barnard 1932: 219). The original description of africanum [ Cloeon] was based on a single male imago. Its genitalia (Esben-Petersen 1913: fig. 8) have nothing in common with the genitalia of the species described by Barnard (1932: fig. 9i) under the name « Austrocloeon africanum ». Because of this, I concluded that the genus-group name Austrocloeon (whose type species is africanum [ Cloeon]) and the species name africanum should not be applied to the species described by Barnard under these names (Kluge 2016). Recent examination of a male imago belonging to the Barnards’s « Austrocloeon africanum » reveals that it sharply differs from africanum [ Cloeon] not only in genital structure, but in coloration as well: according to the original description, «2nd–6th segments of abdomen transparent, whitish and with a faint reddish tinge; the hind borders of the segments darker. The 7th–9th segments reddish brown on the dorsal surface, whitish on the ventral» (Esben-Petersen 1913: 184); such coloration occurs in many species of Baetidae, but not in P. (O.) barnardi sp. n. described above. Judging by the structure of gonostyli (Esben-Petersen 1913: fig. 8), the species africanum [ Cloeon] can be a member of Rhithrocloeoninae Kluge 2012, which belong to the plesiomorphon Protopatellata Kluge &amp; Novikova 2011 (Kluge 2016). Recently, larvae of an unknown two-winged protopatellatan species were found in South Africa; possibly, they belong to the true africanum [ Cloeon] (Kluge, 2020b).</p><p>Barnard (1932) described the imago of « Austrocloeon africanum » not indicating its sex; actually this description belongs to the female only, more precisely to the light form of female (the same as in Figs 36–37). Besides the drawings of the female imaginal abdomen (Barnard 1932: figs 9a–b), Barnard gave also a drawing of the male imaginal gonostylus (ibid., Fig. 9i). Other characters of male imago or subimago had not been reported.</p><p>Barnard (1932) also described larvae of this species and noted «two varieties» of their abdominal coloration; probably, the first of them, with all terga similarly ornamented (Barnard 1932: fig. 9c) represents a combination of cuticular and hypodermal coloration (Fig. 4), and the second one, with terga IV and VII much lighter than others (Barnard 1932: fig. 9h), represents the cuticular coloration solely (Figs 2, 16).</p><p>Since the paper by Barnard (1932) was published, a variety of authors have applied the name « Austrocloeon africanum » to the species described in this paper, including some (e.g., Harrison &amp; Agnew 1962; Oliff &amp; King 1964) who erroneously reported its authorship as « Austrocloeon africanum Barnard ».</p><p>The coloration of winged males of this species was not described. Kimmins (1956), comparing the newly described species Procloeon cylindroculum with what he called « Procloeon africanum (E.-P.)» (actually P. barnardi sp. n.) wrote that «it differs from that species in the translucent middle segments of the abdomen», but he did not report the source of information about abdomen coloration of the male « P. africanum ». Recent examination of reared male imago and male subimagines extracted from mature larvae reveals that the male of this species has middle segments of the abdomen intensively pigmented, which is different from P. cylindroculum .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AF3A058D76FFA6FAA9FB74A7E9FC0D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kluge, Nikita J.	Kluge, Nikita J. (2020): Review of Oculogaster Kluge 2016 (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae, Procloeon Bengtsson 1915). Zootaxa 4820 (3): 401-437, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4820.3.1
03AF3A058D7FFFB8FAA9FBB6A18FFC0D.text	03AF3A058D7FFFB8FAA9FBB6A18FFC0D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Procloeon (Oculogaster) niger Kluge 2020	<div><p>Procloeon (Oculogaster) niger sp. n.</p><p>(Figs 43–77)</p><p>Etymology. Allusion to the uniformly dark coloration of larva and uniform dark color pattern on abdominal terga in male and female imago.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype (AM): L-S-I ♂ {specimen [XVIII](3)2019}, SOUTH AFRICA, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=23.525&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.95" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 23.525/lat -33.95)">Garden Route district</a> (= <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=23.525&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.95" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 23.525/lat -33.95)">Eden district</a>), lodge «Wild Spirit», tributary of Bobbejaans River (5 km NW Nature’s Valley). 33°57’S 23°31′30′′E, 3rd pool from waterfall, 7.II.2019, coll. N. Kluge. Paratypes (ZIN): same locality and collector, 39.II.2019: 2 L-S-I ♂, 3 L-S ♂, 1 L-S-I ♀, 1 L-S ♀, L/S ♂, 19 larvae .</p><p>Descriptions. Larva. CUTICULAR COLORATION. Head, thorax, legs and abdomen nearly uniformly brown (Figs 45–46). Caudalii lighter, brown proximally and near apex, with posterior margin of each 4th segment brown (Fig. 43).</p><p>HYPODERMAL COLORATION. Mature larvae of both sexes with large lateral dark markings on abdominal terga, as in winged stages (as in Figs 67–68, 73–75).</p><p>SHAPE AND SETATION. Labrum as in other Oculogaster (Figs 49–50). Mandibles with incisor and kinetodontium fused more than to middle, with ventral denticle well-developed; incisor of right mandible with 2nd denticle shortest; right prostheca apically with 2–6 short parallel processes (Figs 51–52). Maxillary palp 2-segmented (Fig. 54). Labium with glossae and paraglossae of subequal size, palp with median angle moderately projected (Fig. 55–54). Femora with very small spine-like setae on outer and inner sides, with 2 spine-like apical setae located in plane of leg; apical setae pointed or blunt, larger than other spine-like setae or equal to them (as in Fig. 17). Claws moderately long, with two rows of denticles, minute in proximal part and larger more distally, exceeding mid-length of claw (Fig. 66). Hind protoptera completely absent. 1–4 lateral spines on posterior part of abdominal segment IX only (Fig. 47). Posterolateral spines present on segments VI–IX, being minute on most anterior of these segments. Posterior margin of abdominal tergum I with few sparse small spine-like pointed denticles; posterior margins of terga II–X with spine-like pointed denticles of unequal length, shorter on anterior terga and longer on posterior terga (Fig. 47); on tergum IX row of denticles interrupted medially, behind pair of submedian setae (Fig. 47). Abdominal terga with short scales in wide semilunar or W-shaped non-opercula-bearing sockets, with sparse simple fine setae; one pair of bifurcate setae (Fig. 48) near midlength of each tergum VIII–IX and one pair of bifurcate setae near posterior margin of each tergum VII and IX (as in Fig. 3). Posterior margins of abdominal sterna I–IV smooth, posterior margin of sternum V with few minute denticles, posterior margins of sterna VI–IX and paraprocts with spine-like pointed denticles of unequal length. Abdominal sterna with sparse scales and sparse fine setae; in lateral areas of sterna both simple and bifid fine setae vary from small to very long, located sparsely and irregularly, not forming regular rows. Tergalius I with costal rib very short and lacking denticles; costal rib on tergalii II–VII longer, either without denticles or with few small denticles on apex; dorsal lamella present either on tergalii I–V, or II–IV (Figs 57–65). Cerci with especially long and slender distal portions lacking swimming setae and lateral spines (Fig. 43). In distal part of cercus (proximad of slender setae-less distal portion) spine on lateral side of each segment subequal or slightly longer than next segment (Fig. 43).</p><p>Subimago. CUTICULAR COLORATION. Head colorless. Pronotum with brown and colorless areas. Mesonotum brown with sutures darker brown, with large colorless areas occupying anterior part of submedioscutum and posterior scutal protuberance (Fig. 70). Thoracic pleura mostly colorless, with some sclerites brown (Fig. 69). Legs nearly colorless, with base of tibia brown, sometimes brownish stripes on femur. Abdomen very light brownish with sigilla colorless. Caudalii light brownish.</p><p>TEXTURE. On fore leg of male and female, 1st tarsal segment covered partly with microtrichia (as in tibia), partly with pointed microlepides; all other tarsal segments entirely covered with pointed microlepides (Figs 7677).</p><p>Imago, male (Figs 67–68). Head ocher with brown. Antenna pale ocher, joining of scapus and pedicellus brown. Turbinate eyes widened apically; facetted surface and dorsal part of stem light yellow, ventral part of stem brown. Thorax brown, with sterna lighter yellowish, pleura with longitudinal white and darker brown bands. Legs light yellow. In paratype, ratio femur / tibia / tarsal segments (mm) on fore leg 1.10: 1.55: 0.05: 0.72: 0.60: 0.30: 0.17; on middle and hind leg 0.92: 0.88: 0.30: 0.13: 0.05: 0.15. Middle and hind legs normally with 2 apical spines: on 1st+2nd and on primary 3rd tarsomeres (as in Fig. 77) (among specimens examined, only in holotype one of these spines lacking on some legs). Wing with membrane colorless, veins ocher; subcostal vein proximad of costal brace colored with brown. Pterostigma with one oblique cross vein; besides it, costal field with very slender cross vein belonging to middle cord of cross veins. Marginal intercalaries present in most of interspaces, both behind convex and concave longitudinal veins. Hind wing absent. Abdominal terga mostly brown; terga II–VI with lateral areas dark brown, median area lighter, with pair of light spots adjacent to anterior margin, light submedian sigilla and unpaired light spot adjacent to posterior margin; tergum VII dark brown with pair of light spots adjacent to anterior margin and light submedian sigilla; terga VIII–X dark brown with light submedian sigilla. Abdominal sterna light ocher, with pair of longitudinal lateral brown stripes. Gonostyli pale ocher, penis brown. Median projection of penis semicircular (Fig. 71). Cerci whitish, with brown apex of each segment or every 2nd segment.</p><p>Imago, female (Figs 73–76). Head moderately wide, distance between eyes subequal to eye length; eyes only slightly elevated above head surface. Head ocher, with reddish brown and white stripes. Pronotum ocher, with small brown spots. Mesonotum ocher, bordered with reddish-brown and white stripes. Thoracic pleura ocher with wide white and brown longitudinal bands. Sterna and legs light yellow. Fore leg without apical spine on 2nd tarsomere, with single apical spine on primary 3rd tarsomere (Fig. 76); middle and hind legs each with 2 spines (Fig. 77) (as in male – see above). Wings as in male (see above). Abdominal terga with peculiar contrasting ornament gradually changing from tergum II to tergum IX, including dark reddish-brown lateral areas, medial ocher area and paired white spots; terga VIII–IX with median reddish-brownish stripe; tergum X reddish-brownish (Fig. 73, 75). Abdominal sterna ocher, with pair of longitudinal lateral reddish-brown stripes (Fig. 74). Cerci as in male (see above) (Fig. 73–74).</p><p>Egg. Without rigid chorion (viviparity).</p><p>Dimension. Fore wing length of male 4–5 mm, female 6 mm.</p><p>Larval habitat. Larvae were collected in a small stream running in dark forest; just below the waterfall, this stream represent a chain of pools bordered by rocks, among which the first pool (into which the waterfall falls) is large, and downstream pools are smaller; all larvae of P. (O.) niger sp. n. were collected in a single pool, which is the 3rd from the waterfall; in spite of intensive collecting, in other places of this stream such larvae were not found.</p><p>Comparison. Larva of the new species P. (O.) niger sp. n. differs from P. (O.) barnardi sp. n. and P. (O.) cylindroculum by the uniform brown coloration of abdominal terga, longer rows of denticles on claws and by the presence of lateral spines on abdominal segment IX only. Thin terminal portions of cerci lacking swimming setae and spines, in P. (O.) niger sp. n. are usually longer than in other species (Fig. 43). Imago and subimago of P. (O.) niger sp. n. differs from P. (O.) barnardi sp. n. and P. (O.) cylindroculum by the presence of 2 apical spines on middle and hind tarsi (Fig. 77). Winged stages of male and female differ from other species by more extensive and uniform brown hypodermal pigmentation of abdominal terga.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AF3A058D7FFFB8FAA9FBB6A18FFC0D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kluge, Nikita J.	Kluge, Nikita J. (2020): Review of Oculogaster Kluge 2016 (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae, Procloeon Bengtsson 1915). Zootaxa 4820 (3): 401-437, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4820.3.1
03AF3A058D61FFB8FAA9FBB6A299F95D.text	03AF3A058D61FFB8FAA9FBB6A299F95D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Procloeon (Oculogaster) Kluge 2016	<div><p>Procloeon (Oculogaster) sp. «Wolfkloof»</p><p>(Figs 78–83)</p><p>Material examined. SOUTH AFRICA, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=20.375&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.983334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 20.375/lat -33.983334)">Overberg District</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=20.375&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.983334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 20.375/lat -33.983334)">Wolfkloof</a>, Keurbooms River (8 km WNW Swellendam), 33°59′S 20°22′30”E, coll. N. Kluge &amp; L. Sheyko: 25–26.I.2019: 1 L/S ♀ (ZIN) .</p><p>Description and comparison. Larval cuticle of mesonotum with large blanks (Fig. 79) (as in P. cylindroculum and P. barnardi sp. n.); subimaginal cuticle of mesonotum is nearly colorless (in contrast to P. cylindroculum, P. barnardi sp. n. and P. niger sp. n.). Larval cuticle of legs with contrasting brown bands on distal part of femur and on proximal part of tarsus (Fig. 81) (in contrast to P. niger sp. n.). Larval cuticle of abdominal terga without contrasting blanks, uniformly colored on all segments (Fig. 78) (as in P. niger sp. n., in contrast to P. cylindroculum and P. barnardi sp. n.). Setation of larval abdomen as in P. cylindroculum, P. barnardi and P. niger sp. n.); lateral spines more extensive than in other species: present on segments III–IX, number of spines on one side increasing from 1–2 on segment III to 5–8 on segment IX (Fig. 78). Denticles on larval claws longer than in other species (Fig. 82). In winged stages middle and hind tarsi with 2 apical spines: on 1st+2nd and on primary 3rd tarsomeres (Fig. 81) (as in C. niger sp. n., in contrast to P. cylindroculum and P. barnardi sp. n.); fore tarsus of female with 1 apical spine (as in other Oculogaster). Pterostigma with 1 cross vein (Fig. 83). Eggs without rigid chorion (viviparity) (as in other Oculogaster).</p><p>Distribution. South Africa.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AF3A058D61FFB8FAA9FBB6A299F95D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kluge, Nikita J.	Kluge, Nikita J. (2020): Review of Oculogaster Kluge 2016 (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae, Procloeon Bengtsson 1915). Zootaxa 4820 (3): 401-437, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4820.3.1
03AF3A058D61FFBEFAA9F946A1F1FE69.text	03AF3A058D61FFBEFAA9F946A1F1FE69.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Procloeon (Oculogaster) silvicola Gillies 1997	<div><p>Procloeon (Oculogaster) silvicola Gillies 1997</p><p>Procloeon silvicola Gillies 1997: 247 (♂ subimago, ♀ imago, larva).</p><p>Procloeon (Oculogaster) cylindroculum silvicola: Kluge 2016: 505 .</p><p>Comments. This species is placed in Oculogaster based on the original description, according to which it is similar to P. (O.) cylindroculum and its «stigma normally with a single crossvein» (Gillies 1997: 248). Other characters of Oculogaster (the setation of labrum, the apical setae of femur, the viviparity) are not described for this species. In a previous paper (Kluge 2016), I suggested silvicola [ Procloeon] to be treated as a geographical form or subspecies of P. (O.) cylindroculum . But taking into account the existence of such distinct sympatric species as P. (O.) barnardi sp. n. and P. (O.) niger sp. n. (see below), species status of P. (O.) silvicola should be assumed as well.</p><p>Comparison. According to the original description, winged male and female stages of P. (O.) silvicola differ from P. cylindroculum by more extensive hypodermal marking on abdominal tergum IV, which in P. (O.) silvicola represents «a complete band of pigment across the posterior part of tergum IV» (Gillies 1997: figs 3, 5), being in male «a broad red band across posterior 2/5 of segment»; in contrast to this, in P. (O.) cylindroculum markings of abdominal tergum IV in male are either small or absent, and in the female they are not connected medially. In this respect, P. (O.) silvicola is similar to P. (O.) barnardi sp. n., but differs from it by the absence of unpaired median stripes, which in P. (O.) barnardi sp. n. are developed at least on tergum IV of the male and female.</p><p>Distribution. West Africa (Gillies 1997).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AF3A058D61FFBEFAA9F946A1F1FE69	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kluge, Nikita J.	Kluge, Nikita J. (2020): Review of Oculogaster Kluge 2016 (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae, Procloeon Bengtsson 1915). Zootaxa 4820 (3): 401-437, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4820.3.1
03AF3A058D64FFBDFAA9FDEBA0DBFC01.text	03AF3A058D64FFBDFAA9FDEBA0DBFC01.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Procloeon (Oculogaster) album Kluge 2016	<div><p>Procloeon (Oculogaster) album Kluge 2016</p><p>Procloeon (Oculogaster) album Kluge 2016: 506 (larva, subimago, ♂ and ♀ imagines).</p><p>Material examined. Besides the holotype and paratypes from Thailand (see Kluge 2016), one larva presumptively placed to this species with the following label: MALAYSIA, Negeri Sabah, Karagasan, Ranau, 6.IX.1994, coll. S.C. Kang (ZIN) .</p><p>Additional characters. Abdominal terga VII–IX of larva, besides simple (i.e. non-bifurcate) setae, with bifurcate setae (as in Fig. 48) forming one pair near midlength and/or one pair near posterior margin. On all terga, including tergum IX, row of denticles not interrupted medially. Other characters as formerly described (Kluge 2016).</p><p>Distribution. Thailand (Kluge 2016); possibly Borneo (see above).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AF3A058D64FFBDFAA9FDEBA0DBFC01	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kluge, Nikita J.	Kluge, Nikita J. (2020): Review of Oculogaster Kluge 2016 (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae, Procloeon Bengtsson 1915). Zootaxa 4820 (3): 401-437, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4820.3.1
03AF3A058D64FFB0FAA9FBB9A2BAFAA3.text	03AF3A058D64FFB0FAA9FBB9A2BAFAA3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Procloeon (Oculogaster) regularum Muller-Liebenau & Hubbard 1985	<div><p>Procloeon (Oculogaster) regularum Müller-Liebenau &amp; Hubbard 1985</p><p>(Figs 84–108)</p><p>Procloeon regularum Müller-Liebenau &amp; Hubbard 1985: 550 (larva).</p><p>Material examined (ZIN). SRI LANKA: border of Uva and Central provinces: tributary of river Uma near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=80.941666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=7.188889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 80.941666/lat 7.188889)">Randenigala</a> dam, 7°11′20′′N 80°56′30′′E, 13–14.I.2011, coll. N. Kluge &amp; L. Sheyko: 1 larva ; Uva province, Haputale, 15–23.I.2011, coll. N. Kluge &amp; L. Sheyko: 1 L-S-I ♂ , 2 L-S ♂, 1 L-S/I ♀; Central province, Ginigathhena (17 km N Hatton), 31.I–3.II.2011, coll. N. Kluge &amp; L. Sheyko: 1 I ♂ ; Sabaragamuwa province, Dalhausie near Sri Pada ( Adam’s Peak), river Seetha Gangula, 26.I.2011, coll. N. Kluge &amp; L. Sheyko: 1 S-I ♂ , 2 I ♀; Dalhausie near Sri Pada (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=80.52473&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.826111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 80.52473/lat 6.826111)">Adam’s Peak</a>), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=80.52473&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.826111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 80.52473/lat 6.826111)">river Seetha Gangula</a> close to guesthouse «Vegetable Garden», 6°49′34′′N 80°31′29′′E, 214.II.2020, coll. N. Kluge &amp; L. Sheyko: 8 L-S-I ♂ , 13 L-S-I ♀, 1 L-S ♂, 55 I ♀, 11 L ♂, 50 L ♀.</p><p>Descriptions. Larva. CUTICULAR COLORATION. Head with brownish and colorless areas. Pronotum and mesonotum ocher or brownish with lighter and darker areas; cuticle of fore protoptera either nearly unicolor, or with lighter stripes along concave veins. Metanotum and thoracic pleura with colorless and brown areas, thoracic sterna colorless. Legs colorless or brownish. either unicolor, or with diffusive brown band in distal part of femur and with tarsus darkened. Abdominal terga with variable maculation, different on different segments; most or all terga with submedian pair of blanks, either corresponding to sigilla, or larger than sigilla; tergum IV more or less lighter than others, tergum VI darker than others (Figs 84, 89; Müller-Liebenau &amp; Hubbard 1985: fig. 17). Abdominal sterna lighter than terga, either unicolor, or with lighter and darker areas. Caudalii ocher with posterior margin of each 4th segment brown (Fig. 85).</p><p>HYPODERMAL COLORATION. Mature larvae of both sexes with pair of reddish or brownish spots on each tergum IV and VII (Fig. 89) (as in winged stages—see below).</p><p>SHAPE AND SETATION. Mouth parts as in original description; maxillary palp 3-segmented, with 2nd and 3rd segments subequal (Müller-Liebenau &amp; Hubbard 1985: fig. 9a–e). Femora with very small spine-like setae on outer and inner sides, with 2 spine-like apical setae located in plane of leg (Müller-Liebenau &amp; Hubbard 1985: fig. 9f). Claws moderately long, in proximal part with two rows of minute denticles increasing in size distally (Müller-Liebenau &amp; Hubbard 1985: fig. 9g). Hind protoptera completely absent (Müller-Liebenau &amp; Hubbard 1985: fig. 9h). Abdominal segment IX with 3–6 lateral spines on each side, other segments without lateral spines; postero-lateral spines present on segments II–IX, being minute on anterior segments. Posterior margin of abdominal tergum I with few sparse small spine-like pointed denticles; posterior margins of terga II–X with spine-like pointed denticles of unequal length; on all terga, including tergum IX, row of denticles not interrupted medially. Abdominal terga with short scales in wide semilunar or W-shaped non-opercula-bearing sockets, with sparse simple fine setae and paired bifurcate sublateral setae on some of posterior segments. Posterior margins of abdominal sterna I–IV or I–III smooth, posterior margin of sternum V or sterna IV–V with few minute denticles, posterior margins of sterna VI–IX and paraprocts with spine-like pointed denticles of unequal length. Abdominal sterna with sparse scales and sparse fine setae; in lateral areas of sterna both simple and bifid fine setae vary from small to very long, located sparsely and irregularly, not forming regular rows. Tergalii widest near base, without dorsal lamellae; costal rib without denticles; tergalii III–VII each with very fine additional middle rib located just anteriad of main trachea (Figs. 90–96). In distal part of cercus spine on outer side of each segment as long as combined length of 2½ next segments (Fig. 86).</p><p>Subimago. CUTICULAR COLORATION. Cuticle either completely colorless, or with pronotum slightly maculated and few lateral thoracic sclerites tinged with brownish (Figs 107–108).</p><p>HYPODERMAL COLORATION. As in imago (see below, male and female).</p><p>TEXTURE. On fore leg of male and female, 1st tarsal segment covered partly with microtrichia (as tibia), partly with pointed microlepides; all other tarsal segments entirely covered with pointed microlepides (Figs 105–106).</p><p>Imago, male (Figs 99–102). Head ocher or whitish. Antenna with scapus and pedicellus non-pigmented, flagellum either non-pigmented, or brown. Turbinate eyes widened apically; facetted surface either yellow, or orange and bordered with narrow yellow ring either whitish-red. Thorax ocher or whitish. Legs pale ocher. In specimen from Haputale, ratio femur / tibia / tarsal segments (mm) on fore leg 1.17: 1.45: 0.05: 0.48: 0.40: 0.17: 0.16; on middle and hind legs 1.02: 1.08: 0.44: 0.17: 0.05: 0.15. Middle and hind legs each without apical spine on 1st+2nd tarsomere, with single apical spine on primary 3rd tarsomere (as in Fig. 105). Fore wing with membrane colorless, longitudinal veins ocher, cross veins darker. Pterostigma with 2–3 oblique veins, no other veins in costal field; marginal intercalary present in each interspace. Hind wing absent. Abdominal terga and sterna translucent, ocher or white; tergum IV with pair of sublateral orange or red-brown maculae; most part of tergum VII colored with red-brown; tergum VIII with orange or red-brown marking; terga IX–X either entirely white or ocher, or with orange markings. Genitalia non-pigmented. Median projection of penial bridge rounded (Fig. 97). Cerci whitish.</p><p>Imago, female (Figs 103–104). Head moderately wide, distance between eyes subequal to eye length; eyes significantly elevated above head surface (Fig. 103). Head ocher. Pronotum ocher, either unicolor, or with variable unpaired brown spots. Thorax ocher or whitish. Legs as in male (see above); fore leg without apical spine on 2nd tarsomere, with single apical spine on primary 3rd tarsomere (as in Fig. 106); same on middle and fore legs (as in Fig. 105). Wings as in male (see above). Abdomen ocher, each tergum I–VII or I–VIII laterally with pair of dark brown or black oval spots; each tergum IV and VII with pair of large orange or red-brown spots adjacent to lateral darker spot of same segment. Sterna without spots. Cerci whitish (as in male).</p><p>Egg. Without rigid chorion (viviparity).</p><p>Dimension. Fore wing length 5.5–6 mm.</p><p>Larval habitat. In the river Seetha Gangula, most larvae were collected from a shallow place with sandy bottom and slow water current.</p><p>Development of females. In the river Seetha Gangula, males are much less numerous than females: among 82 larvae collected there in 2020, 19 individuals are males, and 63 are females. In spite of this, females appear to require fecundation for development of embryos; 11 female imagines were kept alive for 5–10 days after hatching from subimago, but their ovicells did not start to develop into embryos. An ultraviolet lamp placed near this river attracted only females free from embryos; all 55 specimens of P. (O.) regularum collected with help of this lamp are female imagines with not a single embryo inside; not a single subimago, nor male of this species was attracted to this lamp.</p><p>Distribution. Sri Lanka.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AF3A058D64FFB0FAA9FBB9A2BAFAA3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kluge, Nikita J.	Kluge, Nikita J. (2020): Review of Oculogaster Kluge 2016 (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae, Procloeon Bengtsson 1915). Zootaxa 4820 (3): 401-437, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4820.3.1
03AF3A058D69FF8BFAA9FA02A172FA05.text	03AF3A058D69FF8BFAA9FA02A172FA05.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Procloeon (Oculogaster) malabarensis Kluge 2020	<div><p>Procloeon (Oculogaster) malabarensis sp. n.</p><p>(Fig. 109–133)</p><p>? Procloeon regularum: Sivaramakrishnan &amp; Venkataraman 1990: 211 .</p><p>Etymology. The name refers to the historical area Malabar in India.</p><p>Material examined (ZIN). Holotype: L-S-I ♀ { specimen [IX](11)2013}, INDIA, Karnataka, Shivamogga / Udupi districts near Agumbe, 25.I.2013, coll. N. Kluge &amp; L. Sheyko. Paratypes: same locality and collectors, 11–31.I.2013: 2 L-S ♂, 1 L/S ♂, 3 L-S ♀, 3 larvae; Kerala, Kottayam district, Erumeli, 18–21.I.2016, coll. N. Kluge, L. Sheyko: 3 L-S-I ♂ , 4 S-I ♂, 4 S ♂, 2 S-I ♀, 2 S ♀, 2 larvae.</p><p>Larva. CUTICULAR COLORATION. Head with brownish and colorless areas. Pronotum and mesonotum ocher or brownish with lighter and darker areas. Metanotum and thoracic pleura with colorless and brown areas, thoracic sterna colorless. Legs colorless or brownish, either unicolor, or with diffuse brown band in distal part of femur; tarsus darkened. Abdominal terga with maculation different on different segments; most or all terga with submedian pair of blanks, either corresponding to sigilla, or larger than sigilla; terga IV and VII more-or-less lighter than others; tergum VI darker than others (Fig. 109). Abdominal sterna lighter than terga, either unicolor, or with lighter and darker areas. Caudalii ocher with posterior margin of every 4th segment brown (Fig. 112).</p><p>HYPODERMAL COLORATION. Either absent or (just before moult to subimago) as in respective winged stages; male (Fig. 109; as in Figs 127–129) and female (as in Figs 132–133) different.</p><p>SHAPE AND SETATION. Mouth parts as in Figs 113–117; maxillary palp 3-segmented, with 2nd and 3rd segments subequal (Fig. 116). Femora with very small spine-like setae on outer and inner sides, with 2 spine-like apical setae located in plane of leg (Fig. 110). Claws moderately long, in proximal part with two rows of minute denticles increasing distally (Fig. 111). Hind protoptera completely absent. Abdominal segment IX with 3–7 lateral spines on each side, other segments without lateral spines; postero-lateral spines present on segments II–IX or III–IX, being minute on anterior segments. Posterior margin of abdominal tergum I with few sparse small spine-like pointed denticles; posterior margins of terga II–X with spine-like pointed denticles of unequal length; on all terga, including tergum IX, row of denticles not interrupted medially. Abdominal terga with short scales in wide semilunar or W-shaped non-opercula-bearing sockets, with sparse fine setae. Posterior margins of abdominal sterna I–IV or I–III smooth, posterior margin of sternum V or sterna IV–V with few minute denticles, posterior margins of sterna VI–IX and paraprocts with spine-like pointed denticles of unequal length. Abdominal sterna with sparse scales and sparse fine setae not forming regular rows. Tergalii widest near base, without dorsal lamellae; costal ribs without denticles (as in Figs 118–124). In distal part of cercus, spine on outer side of each segment as long as combined length of 2 next segments (Fig. 112).</p><p>Subimago. CUTICULAR COLORATION. Cuticle either entirely colorless, or with postsubalar sclerite partly brown (Fig. 130).</p><p>HYPODERMAL COLORATION. As in imago (see below, male and female).</p><p>TEXTURE. On fore leg of male and female 1st tarsal segment covered partly with microtrichia (as tibia), partly with pointed microlepides; all other tarsal segments entirely covered with pointed microlepides (as in Figs 105–106).</p><p>Imago, male (Figs 128–129). Head ocher or whitish. Antenna with scapus and pedicellus non-pigmented, flagellum either non-pigmented, or brown. Turbinate eyes widened apically; either uniformly orange, or orange with yellow ring bordering facetted surface. Thorax ocher or whitish. Legs pale ocher. In paratype, ratio femur / tibia / tarsal segments (mm) on fore leg 0.80: 1.02: 0.03: 0.47: 0.30: 0.16: 0.12; on middle and hind leg 0.68: 0.68: 0.29: 0.10: 0.03: 0.11. Middle and hind legs without apical spine on 1st+2nd tarsomere, with single apical spine on primary 3rd tarsomere (as in Fig. 105). Wing with membrane colorless, veins ocher or brownish. Pterostigma with 1–3 oblique veins; marginal intercalary present in each interspace. Hind wing absent. Abdominal terga and sterna I–VI translucent, whitish, either without hypodermal markings, or with pair of small orange or red-brown submedian spots on tergum IV (Fig. 127–129); lateral tracheae black. Most part of tergum VII and smaller part of tergum VIII red-brown; terga IX–X entirely white or ocher. Genitalia non-pigmented. Median projection of penial bridge truncated (Fig. 125). Cerci whitish.</p><p>Imago, female (Figs 131). Head moderately wide, distance between eyes subequal to eye length; eyes significantly elevated above head surface (as in Fig. 103). Head and thorax ocher, without brown spots, thorax sometimes with white markings. Legs as in male (see above); fore leg without apical spine on 2nd tarsomere, with single apical spine on primary 3rd tarsomere (as in Fig. 106); same on middle and hind legs (as in Fig. 105) (as in male). Wings as in male (see above). Abdomen ocher; terga II–VII laterally with contrastingly brown or black markings forming oblique stripes, often interrupted; markings on segments II, IV and VII larger than others (Figs 131–133). Orange or red spots never present; white pigmentation between black markings either present (Figs 131–132) or absent (Fig. 133). Sterna II–VII or II–VIII laterally with dark brown or black markings in form of longitudinal interrupted lines or small spots (absent in young subimagines). Lateral tracheae colored with dark brown or black. Cerci whitish.</p><p>Egg. Without rigid chorion (viviparity).</p><p>Dimension. Fore wing length 3.5–4 mm.</p><p>Comparison. The new species P. (O.) malabarensis sp. n. is closely related to P. (O.) regularum, but it differs by smaller size, by truncated median projection of penial bridge and by hypodermal coloration of abdomen.</p><p>The difference in hypodermal coloration is better expressed in the female (that’s why the reared female imago is designated as the holotype). Females differ as follows (compare Figs 103–104 and 131–133): In contrast to P. (O.) regularum, whose winged females have paired reddish spots on terga IV and VII, females of P. (O.) malabarensis sp. n. have no such spots, but only brown or black lateral markings. The number and shape of the brown or black lateral markings also differs in these two species: In P. (O.) regularum such markings are present beginning from tergum I, but in P. (O.) malabarensis sp. n. they are present beginning from tergum II; in P. (O.) regularum markings on terga II–III and V–VI are integral and roundish, but in P. (O.) malabarensis sp. n. markings on these terga have form of oblique, narrow, interrupted lines. Dark brown or black markings on abdominal sterna are present in female imagines of P. (O.) malabarensis sp. n., but are absent in all 71 examined female imagines of P. (O.) regularum .</p><p>In winged males of P. (O.) malabarensis sp. n. the pair of reddish markings of abdominal tergum IV are limited to the median area of the tergum (Fig. 127), while in P. (O.) regularum such markings are more or less wider expanded laterally (Figs 99–102).</p><p>The last instar larva of P. (O.) regularum has paired reddish markings similar on terga IV and VII (Fig. 89), that differs from the coloration of winged stages; the larva of P. (O.) malabarensis sp. n. has no such hypodermal markings; its hypodermal coloration appears just before moult to subimago, being the same as in the winged stages (Fig. 109).</p><p>Distribution. Southern India.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AF3A058D69FF8BFAA9FA02A172FA05	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kluge, Nikita J.	Kluge, Nikita J. (2020): Review of Oculogaster Kluge 2016 (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae, Procloeon Bengtsson 1915). Zootaxa 4820 (3): 401-437, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4820.3.1
03AF3A058D52FF8BFAA9F9BEA1D0F8AF.text	03AF3A058D52FF8BFAA9F9BEA1D0F8AF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Procloeon (Gillies 1949) sensu Kluge 2016	<div><p>Procloeon (Oculogaster?) julia (Gillies 1949), comb. n.</p><p>Cloeon julia Gillies 1949: 176 (♀ imago).</p><p>Comment. This species is presumptively placed in Oculogaster based on the original description, according to which its «stigmatic area contains one cross vein» (Gillies 1949: 1976). Concerning its systematic position, Gillies (1949) wrote: «This species might be placed in the genus Procloeon on the grounds of the relative lengths of the hind tarsal joints. It was thought better, however, to leave the matter until further material was available». By coloration of abdomen it differs from all other species (Gillies 1949: fig. 22).</p><p>Distribution. West Malaysia (Gillies 1949).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AF3A058D52FF8BFAA9F9BEA1D0F8AF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kluge, Nikita J.	Kluge, Nikita J. (2020): Review of Oculogaster Kluge 2016 (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae, Procloeon Bengtsson 1915). Zootaxa 4820 (3): 401-437, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4820.3.1
03AF3A058D53FF89FAA9F970A037FEA1.text	03AF3A058D53FF89FAA9F970A037FEA1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Procloeon (Oculogaster) Kluge 2020	<div><p>Procloeon (Oculogaster ?) sp. « Sulawesi »</p><p>(Figs 138–141)</p><p>Material examined. INDONESIA, Sulawesi, Mamasa, 15–27.VIII.2009, coll. N. Kluge &amp; L. Sheyko: 1 larva (ZIN) .</p><p>Description and comparison. Femur with 2 apical setae (as in other Oculogaster); other characters of Oculogaster (eggs and venation of pterostigma) unknown. Mouthparts longer and narrower than in other species (Figs 138–140) (labial palps lost). Maxilla with 1st dentiseta stout, canine-like and bent toward canines (« Baetis - type ») (Fig. 139), in contrast to other Cloeon /fg1, whose maxillae are of « Cloeon - type » (Kluge 2017: 94). Maxillary palp 3-segmented, with 3rd segment much shorter than 2nd segment (in contrast to subequal in other described Asian Oculogaster). Hind protoptera absent. Denticles on claw minute, located in proximal part of claw only (as in P. album). Lateral denticles absent on all abdominal segments (in contrast to most other Cloeon /fg1, but similar to P. (O.) sp. « Philippines », below). Cerci with long lateral spines (Fig. 141) (as in other Procloeon /g1). Tergalii VII as in other Procloeon /g1 (as in Fig. 124), other tergalii unknown.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AF3A058D53FF89FAA9F970A037FEA1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kluge, Nikita J.	Kluge, Nikita J. (2020): Review of Oculogaster Kluge 2016 (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae, Procloeon Bengtsson 1915). Zootaxa 4820 (3): 401-437, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4820.3.1
03AF3A058D53FF8AFAA9FF3BA741FD98.text	03AF3A058D53FF8AFAA9FF3BA741FD98.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Procloeon (Oculogaster) sensu Kluge 2016	<div><p>Procloeon (Oculogaster ?) sp. «Thailand-3»</p><p>(Figs 134–137)</p><p>Procloeon sp. n. 3: Kluge 2016: 514 (larva).</p><p>Material examined. THAILAND, Kanchanaburi province, Erawan Falls, 2–4.II.2015, coll. N. Kluge &amp; L. Sheyko: 1 larva (ZIN) .</p><p>Description and comparison. Femur with 2 apical setae (as in other Oculogaster); other characters of Oculogaster (eggs and venation of pterostigma) unknown. Mandibles more stout than in other species (Figs 134–135). Maxillary palp 3-segmented, with 3rd segment slightly shorter than 2nd segment (Fig. 136). Hind protoptera absent. Denticles on claw relatively large, occupying ½ of claw length (Fig. 137) (in contrast to sympatric species P. album). Lateral denticles present on abdominal segments VIII–IX (in contrast to other described Asian Oculogaster). Cerci with long lateral spines (as in other Procloeon /g1). Structure of tergalii unknown.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AF3A058D53FF8AFAA9FF3BA741FD98	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kluge, Nikita J.	Kluge, Nikita J. (2020): Review of Oculogaster Kluge 2016 (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae, Procloeon Bengtsson 1915). Zootaxa 4820 (3): 401-437, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4820.3.1
03AF3A058D51FF88FAA9FF3BA168FDFA.text	03AF3A058D51FF88FAA9FF3BA168FDFA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Procloeon (Oculogaster) Kluge 2020	<div><p>Procloeon (Oculogaster ?) sp. « Philippines »</p><p>(Fig. 98)</p><p>Material examined. PHILIPPINES, Luzon Island, Taloy Sur, Tuba, Bencuet, 2. V .1994, coll. S.C. Kang: 1 larva (ZIN) .</p><p>Description and comparison. Femur with 2 apical setae (as in other Oculogaster); other characters of Oculogaster (eggs and venation of pterostigma) unknown. Maxillary palp 3-segmented, with 3rd segment more than twice shorter than 2nd segment (in contrast to subequal in other described Asian Oculogaster). Hind protoptera absent. Denticles on claw increasing distally (as in P. regularum and P. malabarensis sp. n.). Lateral denticles absent on all abdominal segments (in contrast to most other Cloeon /fg1, but similar to P. (O.) sp. « Sulawesi », above). Tergalii without dorsal lamella, tergalii of middle pairs with anal area greatly expanded (Fig. 98). Cerci with long lateral spines (as in other Procloeon /g1).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AF3A058D51FF88FAA9FF3BA168FDFA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kluge, Nikita J.	Kluge, Nikita J. (2020): Review of Oculogaster Kluge 2016 (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae, Procloeon Bengtsson 1915). Zootaxa 4820 (3): 401-437, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4820.3.1
