taxonID	type	description	language	source
03AC8780FF9BFFFB873E0B3F760E4C36.taxon	discussion	The Rhinolophidae form a fully supported monophyletic group but intrafamilial relationships are less well resolved than for the Hipposideridae (see supplementary table S 2, Supplementary Material online). Generally, the analyses produced a topology that provided either no structure at the base of the crown group Rhinolophidae or a strict division between the African / European clade, comprising R. hipposideros, R. ferrumequinum, and R. euryale versus the Asian clade, comprising all other Rhinolophus spp. However, the African / European clade, when recovered, grouped together with relatively low support approximately 60 BSS / 0.6 PP. For all analyses using the CAT model in PhyloBayes, a topology with no structure at the base of the crown group Rhinolophidae was supported. Uniquely, the intron data set with outliers included under a BEAST analysis provided an alternative topology in which R. hipposideros was the basal clade; however, this was poorly supported, 0.38 PP. The association of Asian taxa was supported across all BA 0.88 – 1.0 PP, whereas ML analyses provided variable support depending on the data set. The exon and exon + introns data sets strongly support the association of the Asian taxa, 98 – 100 BSS; however, less support for this association is found in the introns analyses 63 – 65 BSS.	en	Foley, Nicole M., Thong, Vu Dinh, Soisook, Pipat, Goodman, Steven M., Armstrong, Kyle N., Jacobs, David S., Puechmaille, Sebastien J., Teeling, Emma C. (2014): How and Why Overcome the Impediments to Resolution: Lessons from rhinolophid and hipposiderid Bats. Molecular Biology and Evolution 32 (2): 313-333, DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msu329
03AC8780FF9BFFFB848E090476B9491E.taxon	description	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1866: 81,	en	Foley, Nicole M., Thong, Vu Dinh, Soisook, Pipat, Goodman, Steven M., Armstrong, Kyle N., Jacobs, David S., Puechmaille, Sebastien J., Teeling, Emma C. (2014): How and Why Overcome the Impediments to Resolution: Lessons from rhinolophid and hipposiderid Bats. Molecular Biology and Evolution 32 (2): 313-333, DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msu329
03AC8780FF9BFFFB848E090476B9491E.taxon	vernacular_names	Old World leaf-nosed bats.	en	Foley, Nicole M., Thong, Vu Dinh, Soisook, Pipat, Goodman, Steven M., Armstrong, Kyle N., Jacobs, David S., Puechmaille, Sebastien J., Teeling, Emma C. (2014): How and Why Overcome the Impediments to Resolution: Lessons from rhinolophid and hipposiderid Bats. Molecular Biology and Evolution 32 (2): 313-333, DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msu329
03AC8780FF9BFFFB848E090476B9491E.taxon	type_taxon	Type Genus — Rhinonicteris J. E. Gray, 1847	en	Foley, Nicole M., Thong, Vu Dinh, Soisook, Pipat, Goodman, Steven M., Armstrong, Kyle N., Jacobs, David S., Puechmaille, Sebastien J., Teeling, Emma C. (2014): How and Why Overcome the Impediments to Resolution: Lessons from rhinolophid and hipposiderid Bats. Molecular Biology and Evolution 32 (2): 313-333, DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msu329
03AC8780FF9BFFFB848E090476B9491E.taxon	discussion	Type genus is Rhinonicteris J. E. Gray, 1847: 16, which was included in J. E. Gray’s (1866: 81) supra-generic grouping, the Rhinonycterina, which he called “ leaf-nosed bats ”. Correct generic spelling was discussed by Simmons (2005: 378) and resolved by Armstrong (2006), see also Mahoney and Walton (1988: 127) (see derivato nominis section of the supplementary information for further discussion).	en	Foley, Nicole M., Thong, Vu Dinh, Soisook, Pipat, Goodman, Steven M., Armstrong, Kyle N., Jacobs, David S., Puechmaille, Sebastien J., Teeling, Emma C. (2014): How and Why Overcome the Impediments to Resolution: Lessons from rhinolophid and hipposiderid Bats. Molecular Biology and Evolution 32 (2): 313-333, DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msu329
03AC8780FF9BFFFB848E090476B9491E.taxon	description	Description and Diagnosis of the Family Rhinonycteridae The soft part characters of the rhinarium (noseleaf) outlined here are derived largely from Gray (1845) and Hill (1982), with verification of specimens in The Natural History Museum, London (BMNH). The Family Rhinonycteridae, Old World leaf-nosed bats, as diagnosed here, possess the following combination of five principal features of the rhinarium observable in extant species (reference specimens include Cleotis percivali [BMNH 56.550], Paratriaenops furculus [BMNH 78.185], Rhinonicteris aurantia [BMNH 57.10.24.10], and Triaenops persicus [BMNH 72.4372]): 1) having a sella (strap-like projection) extending forward from the internarial region of the anterior portion of the rhinarium, which distinguishes them from their closest relatives in the Hipposideridae Lydekker, in Flower and Lydekker, 1891: 657; 2) anterior rhinarium is deeply emarginate medianly, more so than in the Rhinolophidae (Gray, 1825: 242) (see illustrations in Hill [1982] and Benda and Vallo [2009]; cf. Csorba et al. 2003); 3) strongly cellularized (more so than members of the Hipposideridae) and multipocketed posterior rhinarium; 4) either with (Cleotis, Paratriaenops, and Triaenops) or without (Rhinonicteris) a trident-like projection oriented dorsally and originating from the caudal margin (these are structurally different from the three reduced projections in the genus Asellia); and 5) a compressed longitudinal process originating from the intermediate rhinarium between the nares and central cellular pocket. For further descriptions and illustrations, see the following: Gray (1866); Dobson (1878); Hill (1982); and Benda and Vallo (2009). The Rhinonycteridae are further distinguished from Hipposideridae by a 128 - bp retrotransposon insertion in the THY gene fragment.	en	Foley, Nicole M., Thong, Vu Dinh, Soisook, Pipat, Goodman, Steven M., Armstrong, Kyle N., Jacobs, David S., Puechmaille, Sebastien J., Teeling, Emma C. (2014): How and Why Overcome the Impediments to Resolution: Lessons from rhinolophid and hipposiderid Bats. Molecular Biology and Evolution 32 (2): 313-333, DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msu329
03AC8780FF9BFFFB848E090476B9491E.taxon	diagnosis	The Rhinonycteridae differ from the Nycteridae, Van der Hoeven, 1855: 1028 and Megadermatidae, H. Allen, 1864: 1 based on noseleaf structure (as described above; see descriptions of the latter in Tate [1941 a, 1941 b] and Koopman [1994]) and by having ears that are separate, not enlarged and lacking a tragus. Like the Hipposideridae, members of the Rhinonycteridae differ from the Rhinolophidae, by having two pedal phalanges rather than three, and they lack a P 3. Craniodental features of extinct and extant Rhinonycteridae show considerable variation, and the examination of relevant specimens and literature does not reveal characters that diagnose members of the Rhinonycteridae from all other rhinolophoids or from the members of the Hipposideridae; see Sige et al. (1982) and Hand and Archer (2005) for combinations of features that distinguish fossil members of the Rhinonycteridae from members of the Hipposideridae; these differences are not necessarily unique to the Rhinonycteridae. Both the Rhinonycteridae and Hipposideridae differ in terms of their echolocation call structure from the Rhinolophidae, emitting typical pulse durations of around 15 ms or less in “ search mode ”, compared with 4 30 ms search mode calls produced by members of the Rhinolophidae.	en	Foley, Nicole M., Thong, Vu Dinh, Soisook, Pipat, Goodman, Steven M., Armstrong, Kyle N., Jacobs, David S., Puechmaille, Sebastien J., Teeling, Emma C. (2014): How and Why Overcome the Impediments to Resolution: Lessons from rhinolophid and hipposiderid Bats. Molecular Biology and Evolution 32 (2): 313-333, DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msu329
03AC8780FF96FFF684800CD1769F4ADF.taxon	discussion	The familial delimitation of Rhinonycteridae and Hipposideridae results in Asellia being basal to all other Hipposideridae. This clade received strong bootstrap and PP support across all analyses (see supplementary table S 2, Supplementary Material online). This is contrary to a previous study, which, based on morphological data, places Aselliscus basal (Hand and Kirsch 1998), despite the inclusion of Asellia in their data set. The genus Aselliscus contains two species, and its placement in the Hipposideridae phylogeny has been controversial. Pierson (1986) concluded that Aselliscus was not a member of Hipposideridae and was more closely aligned with the Rhinolophidae, based on immunological transferrin distance data. Morphological data place this genus among other Hipposideros spp. (Bogdanowicz and Owen 1998; Hand and Kirsch 1998). These morphological results are in agreement with molecular data, which found strong support for a sister taxa relationship between Aselliscus and Coelops (Li et al. 2007). Previously, Coelops has been grouped in a separate tribe Coelopini Tate (1941: 11) (sensu; McKenna and Bell [1997] = Coelopinae Tate [1941: 11]), which comprised Coelops and Paracoelops, the latter no longer recognized as a valid genus (Thong, Dietz, et al. 2012). Our findings provide strong support for the sister taxa relationship between Aselliscus and Coelops recovered by Li et al. (2007).	en	Foley, Nicole M., Thong, Vu Dinh, Soisook, Pipat, Goodman, Steven M., Armstrong, Kyle N., Jacobs, David S., Puechmaille, Sebastien J., Teeling, Emma C. (2014): How and Why Overcome the Impediments to Resolution: Lessons from rhinolophid and hipposiderid Bats. Molecular Biology and Evolution 32 (2): 313-333, DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msu329
03AC8780FF96FFF684800AE374044EB0.taxon	discussion	The original description of Rhinonycterina was recognized by later studies and was expanded to include Triaenops and Cloeotis as these taxa fitted the original description for the Rhinonycterina based primarily on noseleaf morphology (Hill 1982). The association of these genera is also supported by our molecular data, which show that Triaenops and Cloeotis are sister taxa (fig. 2) and, furthermore, form a monophyletic group with Rhinonicteris. The data also support the recent separation of Triaenops and Paratriaenops but do not support the monophyly of the recently erected Tribe Triaenopini (Benda and Vallo 2009). Strong support was found for Paratriaenops as the basal clade of the extant crown group rhinonycterids (fig. 2).	en	Foley, Nicole M., Thong, Vu Dinh, Soisook, Pipat, Goodman, Steven M., Armstrong, Kyle N., Jacobs, David S., Puechmaille, Sebastien J., Teeling, Emma C. (2014): How and Why Overcome the Impediments to Resolution: Lessons from rhinolophid and hipposiderid Bats. Molecular Biology and Evolution 32 (2): 313-333, DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msu329
