identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03AC8794FF87303EC9D1FDC8FFF9814B.text	03AC8794FF87303EC9D1FDC8FFF9814B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mesovelia horvathi Lundblad	<div><p>Mesovelia horvathi Lundblad</p> <p>(Figs. 1, 2)</p> <p>Mesovelia horvathi Lundblad, 1933: 190 (type locality, Sumatra).</p> <p>Mesovelia japonica Miyamoto, 1964: 199 (Synonymised by Polhemus &amp; Polhemus 2000:208).</p> <p>Material examined. – SINGAPORE: numerous apterus males, females and a few macropterous forms collected from different locations in vegetated pools, ponds, reservoirs, sides of streams, 1980 – 2002.</p> <p>W. MALAYSIA (all apterus form unless stated): Johore: 10 males, 6 females, Pontain, coll. C.M. Yang, 4 Mar. 1992; 1 female, Gunong Pulai, 20 May 1993; 4 males, 1 female, Endau Rompin, Sungei</p> <p>1. Body slender, size 2.0– 3.5 mm in male. Head length distinctly less than thorax length. Pronotum mid-length shorter or subequal to mesonotum in apterous form. Stout spines on antennae and legs. Apterous and macropterous....................... 3 Mesovelia</p> <p>– Body shorter or suboval in shape, size about or less than 2 mm. Head prolonged, subequal length to thorax. Pronotum longer than mesonotum. Spines absent on antennae and legs. Only apterous form known.................................................. 2</p> <p>2. Eyes vestigial with 3–4 ommatidia. Mesonotum about 2 times the length of metanotum (Fig. 5); size small, 1.0– 1.5 mm.... Cryptovelia (one species, stysi Andersen, recorded from Sarawak).</p> <p>– Eyes large with 24–30 ommatidia. Mesonotum subequal to length of metanotum, size larger, 1.70–2.20 mm................................................................................................. 4 Nereivelia</p> <p>3. Posterior margin of middle femur with only 1–2 black spines distally in both sexes, male abdominal sternum VIII without middle black hairs, anteriorly with a pair of black tuft of hairs (Figs. 1, 2)........................................... M. horvathi Lundblad</p> <p>– Posterior margin of middle femur armed with row of black spines (10–17) in both sexes. Male abdominal sternum VIII with a tuft of stout black hairs on the middle and one paired patch of pale hairs laterally (Fig. 3)..... M. vittigera Horváth Pantai Burung, coll. C.M. Yang, 13 Jul. 2001; 1 male, Sungei Temantang, Mawai, coll. H.K. Lua, 24 Feb. 1995; Selangor: 1 macropterous male, Templer Park, coll. C.M. Yang, 15 Nov. 1995; 10 males, 6 females, Ulu Gombak, coll. H.K. Lua, 6 May 1996; 2 males, North Selangor peat swamp, Coll. H.K. Lua, 17 Jun. 1991; Pahang: 12 males, 13 females, Pulua Tioman (Sungei Keliling, Sungei Paya, Sungei Dungun), Jun. 1997; 1 macropterous male, Lake Chini, coll. M. Balke, 17 Apr. 1997; 1 male, 4 females, Sungei Belat, coll. B. Tan &amp; G. Sumita, 15 May 1995; Parak: 4 females, Sungei Kenderong, Grik, coll. H.K. Lua, 21 Feb. 1997; 1 male, 2 females, Sungei Lebey, coll. H.K. Lua, 17 Feb. 1997; Perlis: 1 macropterous male, 4 females, Sintok Padang, coll. H.K. Lua, 19 Feb. 1997; Trengganu: 1 male, 2 females, coll. H.K. Lua, 28 Oct. 1998; 1 male, Sekayu, coll. B.Tan &amp; G. Sumita, 16 May 1995; 2 males, Pulua Redang, coll. H.K. Lua, 25 Jun. 1992.</p> <p>Remarks. – This species is very common in Singapore and Malaysia, also collected from brackish water. Widespread from China, Japan to Australia (Polhemus &amp; Polhemus, 2000; Andersen &amp; Weir, 2004).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AC8794FF87303EC9D1FDC8FFF9814B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Man, Yang Chang;Murphy, Dennis H.	Man, Yang Chang, Murphy, Dennis H. (2011): Guide To The Aquatic Heteroptera Of Singapore And Peninsular Malaysia. 6. Mesoveliidae, With Description Of A New Nereivelia Species From Singapore. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 59 (1): 53-60, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10106810
03AC8794FF84303ECB3FFCE0FB8E81F1.text	03AC8794FF84303ECB3FFCE0FB8E81F1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mesovelia vittigera Horvath Pantai Burung 1895	<div><p>Mesovelia vittigera Horváth</p> <p>(Fig. 3)</p> <p>Mesovelia vittigera Horváth, 1895: 160 (type locality Egypt). Mesovelia orientalis Kirkaldy, 1901: 808 (described from Sumatra;</p> <p>synonymised by Horváth, 1915).</p> <p>Material examined. – SINGAPORE: numerous apterus males, females and a few macropterous forms collected from different locations of Singapore, both freshwater and brackish water habitats, 1980 – 2002.</p> <p>W. MALAYSIA (all apterus form unless stated): Johor e: 5 macropterous males, 21 males, 27 females, Pontain, coll. K.L. Yeo, 14 May 1992; 3 males, 1 macropterous male, 5 females, Layang Layang, coll. C.M. Yang, 4 Mar. 1991; 1 female, Tg. Sedili, Mawai, coll. K.L. Yeo, 15 Jul. 1992; Malacca: 1 macropterous female, Alor Gajah, 28 Oct. 1963; Selango r: 2 macropterous males, 1 macropterous female, Kuala Selangor, coll. K.L. Yeo, 15 May 1991; 1 female, Ulu Gombok, 22 Nov. 1995; Pahang: 13 males, 20 females from Pulua Tioman (Sungei Raya, Sungei Genting, Sungei Paya, Sungei Keliling, Sungei Kelepak), Jun. 1997; 1 female, Lake Chini, Coll. K.L.Yeo, 16 Apr. 1997; Kelantan: 4 macropterous males, 2 males, 6 macropterous females, 1 female, Sungei Hulu Besut, coll. H.K. Lua, 20 Mar. 1992; Trengganu: 2 males, 9 females, North Rantau, Abang, swamp, coll. H.K. Lua, 18 Mar. 1992.</p> <p>Remarks. – This species is less common then Mesovelia horvathi in our collections from Singapore and Malaysia. Widespread in warm area in Europe, North Africa, and Asia to Australia (Polhemus &amp; Polhemus, 2000). Both species also recorded from Pulau Langkawi (Zettel &amp; Tran, 2009).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AC8794FF84303ECB3FFCE0FB8E81F1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Man, Yang Chang;Murphy, Dennis H.	Man, Yang Chang, Murphy, Dennis H. (2011): Guide To The Aquatic Heteroptera Of Singapore And Peninsular Malaysia. 6. Mesoveliidae, With Description Of A New Nereivelia Species From Singapore. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 59 (1): 53-60, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10106810
03AC8794FF85303FCAABFEA3FC4080E8.text	03AC8794FF85303FCAABFEA3FC4080E8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nereivelia murphy	<div><p>Nereivelia murphy i Polhemus &amp; Polhemus</p> <p>(Figs. 6–9)</p> <p>Nereivelia murphyi Polhemus &amp; Polhemus, 1989: 73-82 (type locality Thailand).</p> <p>Material examined. – SINGAPORE: 1 apterus male, Sungei Buloh East, mangrove, coll. D.H. Murphy, 22 Mar.1992; 2 apterus females, Sungei Buloh East, mangrove, coll. D.H. Murphy, 21 Jul.1987 and 8 Apr. 1992.</p> <p>Remarks. – This species is very rare and only known from mangroves of Thailand and Singapore. Living in cavities of decayed logs in intertidal mangrove swamps.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AC8794FF85303FCAABFEA3FC4080E8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Man, Yang Chang;Murphy, Dennis H.	Man, Yang Chang, Murphy, Dennis H. (2011): Guide To The Aquatic Heteroptera Of Singapore And Peninsular Malaysia. 6. Mesoveliidae, With Description Of A New Nereivelia Species From Singapore. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 59 (1): 53-60, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10106810
03AC8794FF85303AC98AFF43FCD98730.text	03AC8794FF85303AC98AFF43FCD98730.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nereivelia polhemorum Man & Murphy 2011	<div><p>Nereivelia polhemorum, new species</p> <p>(Figs. 4, 10–16)</p> <p>Material examined. – All specimens apterous. Holotype and allotype: Singapore, Mandai mangroves, under wet wood on intertidal muddy ground at 2.3 m above chart datum. 20 Mar. 1992, coll. D. H. Murphy (ZRC).</p> <p>Paratypes: SINGAPORE: 4 males, same data as holotype; 2 males, 1 female, Sungei Buloh East mangroves, under imbedded timber on very wet muddy ground 2.4m above marine datum (above mean HWN) in air filled cavities, along with abundant Collembola (Axelsonia and Dicranocentrus), 22 Mar. 1992, coll. D.H. Murphy; 1 female, Sungei Buloh East mangroves, on lobster mound surface, 2.6m above marine datum, 1 Mar. 1991, coll. D. H. Murphy; 1 female, Sungei Buloh mangroves, on lobster mound surface, 22</p> <p>Mar. 1992, coll. D. H. Murphy; 1 male, 1 female, Sungei Buloh mangroves, 12 Apr. 1999, coll. D. H. Murphy (ZRC, NHMW, BPBM).</p> <p>Size. – males 1.70–1.85 (holotype 1.80, width 0.69); females 1.90–2.09 (allotype 2.03, width 0.81).</p> <p>Description of holotype. – Body dark brown, lighter brown on legs and antenna, darker on thorax. Body elongate oval, covered with fine and coarse semi-erect hairs, denser on abdomen (Fig. 10).</p> <p>Head moderately sub-quadrate; matte, broadly rounded anterior and strongly deflected. Head almost as long as width across eyes (0.39:0.38). Interocular space 0.21. Three equally spaced trichobothria present. A longitudinal row of pits present on vertex, diverging dorsally and meeting at posterior margin of head; some small shining disc-like plates present near interocular space. Eye normal, large, spherical with about 24 ommatidia, and two long and curved ocular setae. Ocelli absent. Venter of head with a broad, raised, ridged plate, widening posteriorly, demarcated by a very low longitudinal carina on each side (Fig. 11). Rostrum extending beyond hind coxa, length of segments III:IV, 0.67:0.18. Antenna long, slender and flagelliform, slightly shorter than body length (1.71:1.80). Segments I and II thick, without spines, III and IV much longer, flagelliform with long setae; segment II shortest. Length of antenna segments I–IV, 0.32:0.18:0.58:0.63.</p> <p>Thorax length along midline subequal to head length (0.41:0.39), matte, lateral margins rounded. Dorsal margins with groups of small shining disc-like plates (Figs. 12, 13). Pronotum longest on midline, slightly longer than combined length of meso- and metanotum which are almost subequal in length (0.22:0.10:0.09). Posterior margins of pro- and mesonotum straight, that of metanotum curved in middle. Greatest width of thorax (metanotum) slightly narrower than greatest abdomen width (0.65:0.69). Legs slender, covered with setae, without spines. Hind leg longest. Fore femur slightly more incrassate than other femora. Tibiae slender, equal or subequal length to fore- and mid-femur. Hind tibia longest. Tarsi with three segments, tarsal III almost 2 times the length of tarsal I; all tarsi bearing two equal terminal claws.</p> <p>Measurements of legs of holotype Abdomen broad, shining, covered with dense and long semi-erect setae. Mediotergites tapering in width towards the abdominal apex. Tergite I more shining and with less setae. Tergites II–IV same length, tergite V shortest, tergite VII longest. Length of tergites I–VII, 0.07:0.09:0.09:0.09:0.06:0.08:0.23. Scent orifice distinct, located slightly behind middle on tergite IV (Fig. 12). Laterotergites broad and slightly raised. Laterotergite IV broadest (0.13).</p> <p>Genital segments relatively large and distinctly protruding from the pregenital abdomen. Longer than width (0.30:0.27). Posterior margin of segment VIII concave. Pygophore subovate, proctiger rectangular. Paramere small and symmetrical curved dorsally with pointed apex (Fig. 14).</p> <p>Description of allotype. – Similar in structure to male. Head length, 0.46; width across eyes, 0.43; Length of antenna segments I–IV, 0.30:0.18:0.60:0.64. Thorax shorter in length to head (0.38:0.46). Pronotum length greater than combined length of meso- and metanotum, 0.21:0.090:0.083. Body width gradually increase from thorax (max. width: 0.72) to abdomen tergite V (width 0.81) and tapering toward the tip of abdomen (Fig. 4).</p> <p>Measurements of legs of allotype Abdomen broad, length 1.18, tergite I shortest, tergite II equal in length to tergite VI, tergites III–V same length, tergite VIII longest. Length of tergites I–VIII, 0.09:0.12:0.10:0.10:0.10:0.12:0.15:0.19. Laterotergites broad, slightly raised. Genital segments relatively large. First gonocoxa large, gonoplac and proctiger small (Fig. 15). Ovipositor large, gonapophyses elongate with strongly serrated teeth (Fig. 16).</p> <p>Macropterous form unknown.</p> <p>Distribution. – Currently known only from the mangroves in Sungei Buloh and Mandai in Singapore.</p> <p>Etymology. – The specific epithet dedicates this species jointly to father and son, John T. and Dan A. Polhemus whose generous guidance have been invaluable in our work with the aquatic Heteroptera.</p> <p>Ecology. – Nereivelia polhemorum was found in the same habitat as the N. murphyi Polhemus &amp; Polhemus, mostly under decayed logs on the intertidal zone of mangroves. They shelter in the air filled cavities of the dead wood during high tide and emerge during low tide to feed on small arthropods (Murphy pers. obs.). Nereivelia is now very rare in Singapore; several efforts have been made to obtain more material but failed. This is because of the “International Coastal Cleanup Program” of clearing “unsightly” timber and polyethylene bags from the mangroves since 1997 (Ng &amp; Sivasothi, 1999), which effectively removed the air filled cavities which are inhabited by many enigmatic arthropods.</p> <p>Remarks. – Nereivelia polhemorum shares the same characters with Austrovelia queenslandica Malipatil &amp; Monteith, by having the scent orifice opening behind the middle of mediotergite IV, and by the absence of a longitudinal sulcus on the abdominal pleura (see tables by Polhemus &amp; Polhemus, 1989 and Andersen &amp; Polhemus, 2003). However, Austrovelia differs from the former in the distinctive dorsally swollen abdomen and the body size. We have examined paratypes of A. queenslandica and listed their characters for separating the two genera in Table 1. Our new species of Nereivelia resembles the type species, N. murphyi, by its body size and shape. It can be distinguished by the thorax having lesser and shorter setae and shining disc-like plates, by the scent gland orifice situated slightly behind middle of mediotergite IV, and by the concave posterior margin of male abdominal segment VIII. Other differences between the two species are summarised in Table 1.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AC8794FF85303AC98AFF43FCD98730	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Man, Yang Chang;Murphy, Dennis H.	Man, Yang Chang, Murphy, Dennis H. (2011): Guide To The Aquatic Heteroptera Of Singapore And Peninsular Malaysia. 6. Mesoveliidae, With Description Of A New Nereivelia Species From Singapore. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 59 (1): 53-60, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10106810
