identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
9837A7000CD1B84449F898957EF9DA69.text	9837A7000CD1B84449F898957EF9DA69.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Actia pilipennis (Fallen 1810) Fallen 1810	<div><p>Actia pilipennis (Fallen, 1810) Fig. 1</p><p>Actia pilipennis Scaramozzino et al. (in press).</p><p>Italian distribution of reared parasitoids.</p><p>Tuscany: Scaramozzino et al. (in press).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Palearctic species widely distributed, present, with few exceptions, all over Europe; to the east it reaches the Kuril Islands and Japan through southern Siberia and Mongolia (Andersen 1996).</p><p>Host range.</p><p>It is a rather polyphagous species: little more than fifteen hosts are known, mostly belonging to the family Tortricidae (Mesnil 1963, CABI 2016b). Martinez (2012) points out that this species has been obtained by Sparganothis pilleriana (Denis &amp; Schiffermüller, 1775), another important tortricid pest of the grapevine, but, curiously, it has not been found on the European grapevine moth yet. Recently, Delbac et al. (2015) obtained a single specimen of this tachinid fly from Lobesia botrana in a Bordeaux vineyard. Unlike Phytomyptera nigrina (see below), in this case the maggot of Actia pilipennis abandons the dead caterpillar and pupate nearby.</p><p>Ecological role.</p><p>During a research carried out in the natural reserve of Migliarino-San Rossore-Massaciuccoli, Pisa), we have obtained quite often specimens of this Tachinid from larvae of the three generations of EGVM and from larvae of Cacoecimorpha pronubana ( Hübner, 1799), both living on the shoot tips of Daphne gnidium (Scaramozzino et al. in press). In the natural reserve, the species has been raised in small number by EGVM from 2012 to 2015. In 2014 the overall rate of parasitism was quite low, not even reaching 1%.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9837A7000CD1B84449F898957EF9DA69	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Scaramozzino, Pier Luigi;Loni, Augusto;Lucchi, Andrea	Scaramozzino, Pier Luigi, Loni, Augusto, Lucchi, Andrea (2017): A review of insect parasitoids associated with Lobesiabotrana (Denis & Schiffermueller, 1775) in Italy. 1. DipteraTachinidae and HymenopteraBraconidae (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). ZooKeys 647: 67-100, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.647.11098, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.647.11098
7EE55862353473EDD6F9AA78BD0D0127.text	7EE55862353473EDD6F9AA78BD0D0127.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phytomyptera nigrina (Meigen 1824) Pn	<div><p>Phytomyptera nigrina (Meigen, 1824) (Pn) Fig. 2</p><p>Phytomyptera nigrina Laccone 1978, Nuzzaci and Triggiani 1982, Luciano et al. 1988, Marchesini and Dalla Montà 1992, 1994, 1998, Coscollá 1997, Colombera et al. 2001, Baur 2005, Marchesini et al. 2006, Bagnoli and Lucchi 2006, Martinez et al. 2006, Cerretti and Tschorsnig 2010, Scaramozzino et al. (in press).</p><p>Phytomyptera unicolor Rond.: Del Guercio 1899</p><p>Phytomyptera nitidiventris Rond.: Silvestri 1912, Catoni 1914, Leonardi 1925, Boselli 1928, Stellwaag 1928, Thompson 1946</p><p>Phytomyptera nitidiventris var. unicolor Rond.: Leonardi 1925</p><p>Phytomyptera spp. Moleas 1995, Coscollá 1997</p><p>Italian distribution of reared parasitoids.</p><p>Apulia: Nuzzaci and Triggiani 1982, Laccone 1978</p><p>Campania: Silvestri 1912 (Portici, Nola)</p><p>Piedmont: Colombera et al. 2001, Baur 2005</p><p>Sardinia: Luciano et al. 1988</p><p>Tuscany: Del Guercio 1899, Bagnoli and Lucchi 2006, Scaramozzino et al. (in press)</p><p>Umbria: Silvestri 1912 (Bevagna)</p><p>Veneto: Marchesini and Dalla Montà 1992, 1994, 1998, Marchesini et al. 2006</p><p>Emilia-Romagna: Baur 2005 (Bologna, leg. Campadelli)</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>North Central and South Europe, Russia North West, Ukraine (Fauna Europaea)</p><p>Host range.</p><p>Larval endophagous koinobiont parasitoid, Phytomyptera nigrina (see Tab. 3) recurs very often in all researches conducted in Italy on parasitoids of Lobesia botrana .</p><p>This insect is associated to 29 species of Lepidoptera: Pterophoridae, Pyralidae, Sesiidae, Yponomeutidae and various genera and species of Tortricidae, included Eupoecilia ambiguella .</p><p>Among the Tachinidae living on the vine moths, Pn shows the lowest number of hosts. For more details, see Martinez et al. (2006) and with regard to the hosts reported in Italy see Cerretti and Tschorsnig (2010). As known, Pn larva hatches from an egg placed on the integument of the victim and, once actively penetrated, consumes its internal organs and kills it (Bagnoli and Lucchi 2006). The existence of the puparium inside the host cocoon tight to the skin of the larva is a distinctive character for the species (Fig. 2F). Though Pn plays an important role in the natural control of Lobesia botrana, especially reducing the summer population (Bagnoli and Lucchi 2006, Thiery et al. 2006), it was not considered suitable for the control of Paralobesia viteana in the US, because of its relatively low host specificity, the low rate of parasitism reported in nature, and, referring in general to Tachinidae, due to previous experiences of unsuccessful releases (Martinez et al. 2006).</p><p>Ecological role.</p><p>Its importance as parasitoid depends on the host generation; indeed, various authors found that the parasitism rates are more generally related to the EGVM antophagous generation on grapevine: in this case they can overcome 25% of parasitism rate, both on grapevine in Apulia (Laccone 1978) and on Daphne gnidium in Sardinia (Luciano et al. 1988) (see table 2). In Tuscany, Phytomyptera nigrina (Pn) was mostly found in the vineyards of the medium and lower Arno valley, especially on larvae of the anthophagous generation (Bagnoli and Lucchi 2006). In the natural reserve of San Rossore (Pisa), during several years of investigation carried out on Daphne gnidium, a single specimen of Pn was obtained from EGVM larvae of the second generation, collected in late July 2014 (Scaramozzino et al. in press), in contrast to observations carried out on the same host plant by other authors (see Table 3), whereas Actia pilipennis was more frequent in our case.</p><p>In Piedmont, Pn reached on the first generation of EGVM and EGBM, in two successive years, significant parasitization rates (17.3 and 6.5%), but it was virtually absent (only two individuals obtained) in the second overwintering generation (Colombera et al. 2001).</p><p>Silvestri (1912) collected Pn from June to mid-October, Nuzzaci and Triggiani (1982) cited it as the more frequent parasitoid on Daphne gnidium in summer, with parasitism rates close to 30%. Laccone (1978) obtained Pn also in the second generation, with significant parasitization rates (from 11.4 to 14.7%). In Veneto, parasitization levels detected for this species were very low in the first generation (0.36 and 0.64%; Marchesini and Dalla Montà 1994), slightly higher, but with a significant 14.6%, in the second generation (Marchesini et al. 2006).</p><p>In France, Thiery et al. (2006) found Pn on the first generation of EGVM; they reported parasitization rates ranging from 5.2 to 41.2%. Pn has not been detected for the moment on EGVM overwintering generation, apart from what has been reported in the work of Colombera et al. (2001).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7EE55862353473EDD6F9AA78BD0D0127	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Scaramozzino, Pier Luigi;Loni, Augusto;Lucchi, Andrea	Scaramozzino, Pier Luigi, Loni, Augusto, Lucchi, Andrea (2017): A review of insect parasitoids associated with Lobesiabotrana (Denis & Schiffermueller, 1775) in Italy. 1. DipteraTachinidae and HymenopteraBraconidae (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). ZooKeys 647: 67-100, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.647.11098, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.647.11098
593F752FC54DC17E32CC849218868EAD.text	593F752FC54DC17E32CC849218868EAD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phytomyptera sp.	<div><p>Phytomyptera sp.</p><p>Phytomyptera sp. Moleas 1995; Coscollá 1997</p><p>Note.</p><p>Very probably the species reported by Moleas (1995) belongs to Phytomyptera nigrina (see below): Cerretti (2010) cited six Phytomyptera species from Italy, but only Phytomyptera nigrina was associated to Lobesia botrana .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/593F752FC54DC17E32CC849218868EAD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Scaramozzino, Pier Luigi;Loni, Augusto;Lucchi, Andrea	Scaramozzino, Pier Luigi, Loni, Augusto, Lucchi, Andrea (2017): A review of insect parasitoids associated with Lobesiabotrana (Denis & Schiffermueller, 1775) in Italy. 1. DipteraTachinidae and HymenopteraBraconidae (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). ZooKeys 647: 67-100, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.647.11098, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.647.11098
617588881406AF3F2C5A53B33B0AD22E.text	617588881406AF3F2C5A53B33B0AD22E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eurysthaea scutellaris (Robineau-Desvoidy 1848) Robineau-Desvoidy 1848	<div><p>Eurysthaea scutellaris (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1848)</p><p>Discochaeta hyponomeutae Rond.: Forti 1991 (in Coscollá 1997: 218), Coscollá 1997.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Coscollà (1997) refers that this tachinid fly is the only parasitoid obtained by Forti (1991) from larvae of EGVM second generation, with a rate of parasitism of 3.7 %, though later on Roat and Forti did not mention this species in their list published in 1994. Cerreti and Tschorsnig (2010) reported eight species of Lepidopteran host for Eurysthaea scutellaris (mostly Yponomeutidae, but also Tortricidae and Geometridae) for Italy, but he did not mention Lobesia botrana among them.</p><p>According to Cerreti (2010), Cerreti and Tschornig (2010) and Fauna Europaea, in Italy there are other four species of Tachinidae that could parasitize EGVM, though they have not been found on this host in our country yet (Martinez et al. 2006). These are Elodia morio (Fallen, 1820), Nemorilla floralis (Fallen, 1810), Nemorilla maculosa (Meigen, 1824) and Pseudoperichaeta nigrolineata (Walker, 1853) (Martinez et al., 2006).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/617588881406AF3F2C5A53B33B0AD22E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Scaramozzino, Pier Luigi;Loni, Augusto;Lucchi, Andrea	Scaramozzino, Pier Luigi, Loni, Augusto, Lucchi, Andrea (2017): A review of insect parasitoids associated with Lobesiabotrana (Denis & Schiffermueller, 1775) in Italy. 1. DipteraTachinidae and HymenopteraBraconidae (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). ZooKeys 647: 67-100, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.647.11098, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.647.11098
57782EF15CE1620277AB87B299519485.text	57782EF15CE1620277AB87B299519485.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Agathis sp.	<div><p>Agathis sp.</p><p>Agathis sp. Delrio et al. 1987, Coscollá 1997</p><p>Italian distribution of reared parasitoids.</p><p>Sardinia: Delrio et al. 1987</p><p>Host range.</p><p>The cosmopolitan genus Agathis Latreille, 1804, according to Yu (1997-2012) includes 162 species, 35 of which recorded in Europe (Fauna Europaea). They live on larvae of various microlepidoptera, especially Gelechioidea, Pyraloidea and Tortricoidea, as solitary koinobiont endoparasitoid. Detailed information on Agathidinae behavior can be found in Shaw and Huddleston (1991).</p><p>Ecological role.</p><p>In Sardinia Delrio et al. (1987) obtained, by Lobesia botrana feeding on grape, an unidentified species of Agathis which, in association with other species ( Elachertus affinis Masi, Chelonus sp. and Habrobracon sp.), parasitized 10-12% of the first generation larvae and 5% of the second and third generation larvae.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/57782EF15CE1620277AB87B299519485	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Scaramozzino, Pier Luigi;Loni, Augusto;Lucchi, Andrea	Scaramozzino, Pier Luigi, Loni, Augusto, Lucchi, Andrea (2017): A review of insect parasitoids associated with Lobesiabotrana (Denis & Schiffermueller, 1775) in Italy. 1. DipteraTachinidae and HymenopteraBraconidae (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). ZooKeys 647: 67-100, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.647.11098, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.647.11098
E8223E93DCD01040584FE11B1116FBA0.text	E8223E93DCD01040584FE11B1116FBA0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Agathis malvacearum Latreille 1805	<div><p>Agathis malvacearum Latreille, 1805</p><p>Agathis malvacearum Moleas 1979, 1995, Coscollá 1997, Hoffman and Michl 2003</p><p>Italian distribution of reared parasitoids.</p><p>Apulia: Moleas 1979, 1995</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Spread in Central and Southern Europe, UK, Finland, Russia, Caucasus, Turkey, Iran, Central Asia, Canada (Quebec), USA (some States bordering Canada) (Yu et al. 2012).</p><p>Host range.</p><p>Agathis malvacearum lives on 7 species of moths: 2 Coleophoridae, 3 Gelechiidae, 1 Pterophoridae and 1 Tortricidae (Yu et al. 2012).</p><p>Ecological role.</p><p>This species was obtained in low numbers during a three-year investigation in vineyards of table grapes in five locations of Apulia and has been associated to EGVM only by Moleas (1979).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E8223E93DCD01040584FE11B1116FBA0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Scaramozzino, Pier Luigi;Loni, Augusto;Lucchi, Andrea	Scaramozzino, Pier Luigi, Loni, Augusto, Lucchi, Andrea (2017): A review of insect parasitoids associated with Lobesiabotrana (Denis & Schiffermueller, 1775) in Italy. 1. DipteraTachinidae and HymenopteraBraconidae (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). ZooKeys 647: 67-100, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.647.11098, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.647.11098
41E2BA42D18151DBD0287DF67EA00A50.text	41E2BA42D18151DBD0287DF67EA00A50.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bassus linguarius (Nees 1812) Nees 1812	<div><p>Bassus linguarius (Nees, 1812)</p><p>Bassus linguarius Nuzzaci and Triggiani 1982</p><p>Italian distribution of reared parasitoids.</p><p>Apulia: Nuzzaci andTriggiani 1982</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>It occurs in Central and Southern Europe, Great Britain, Finland, Turkey, Iran, Armenia, Kazakhstan and Mongolia (Yu et al. 2012)</p><p>Host range.</p><p>Yu (1997-2012) and Yu et al. (2012) mentions Coleophora sp. ( Lepidoptera Coleophoridae) as the only known host of this braconid.</p><p>Ecological role.</p><p>In Apulia this species reached 9% of parasitization rate on EGVM larvae developing on Daphne gnidium in September.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41E2BA42D18151DBD0287DF67EA00A50	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Scaramozzino, Pier Luigi;Loni, Augusto;Lucchi, Andrea	Scaramozzino, Pier Luigi, Loni, Augusto, Lucchi, Andrea (2017): A review of insect parasitoids associated with Lobesiabotrana (Denis & Schiffermueller, 1775) in Italy. 1. DipteraTachinidae and HymenopteraBraconidae (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). ZooKeys 647: 67-100, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.647.11098, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.647.11098
98588C9B4ABB94E9984EB8608FBE953F.text	98588C9B4ABB94E9984EB8608FBE953F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bracon (Glabrobracon) admotus Papp 2000	<div><p>Bracon (Glabrobracon) admotus Papp, 2000</p><p>Bracon (Glabrobracon) admotus Loni et al. 2016</p><p>Bracon sl.: Scaramozzino et al. (in press)</p><p>Italian distribution of reared parasitoids.</p><p>Tuscany: Loni et al. 2016, Scaramozzino et al. (in press)</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>This species was originally described by Papp (2000) on specimens from Bulgaria and Hungary. Beyarslan and Erdoğan (2012) recorded this species from Turkey, and Loni et al. (2016) from Italy.</p><p>Host range.</p><p>The species was raised from larvae of Byctiscus betulae (Linnaeus, 1758) ( Coleoptera: Attelabidae) in the leaves of Populus tremula L. rolled up like a cigar (Papp 2000)</p><p>Loni et al. (2016) obtained three males (two in October 2014 and one in October 2015) by EGVM larvae feeding on Daphne gnidium in the Nature Reserve of San Rossore (Pisa).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/98588C9B4ABB94E9984EB8608FBE953F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Scaramozzino, Pier Luigi;Loni, Augusto;Lucchi, Andrea	Scaramozzino, Pier Luigi, Loni, Augusto, Lucchi, Andrea (2017): A review of insect parasitoids associated with Lobesiabotrana (Denis & Schiffermueller, 1775) in Italy. 1. DipteraTachinidae and HymenopteraBraconidae (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). ZooKeys 647: 67-100, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.647.11098, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.647.11098
1F7EE119393FF7D4A86A65629321C280.text	1F7EE119393FF7D4A86A65629321C280.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bracon mellitor Say 1836	<div><p>Bracon mellitor Say, 1836</p><p>Bracon mellitor Goidanich 1931</p><p>Bracon vernoniae Ashm.: Leonardi 1925</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>This species, distributed in North America from Canada to Mexico, is also present in Cuba, Brazil, Hawaii, while it is not present in Europe. In 1935 it was introduced from Hawaii into Egypt to control the Pink Bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders, 1844) ( Lepidoptera Gelechiidae), but it seems not established (Bey 1951, Yu et al. 2012).</p><p>Host range.</p><p>Bracon mellitor lives on many hosts, mainly belonging to the Coleoptera Curculionidae and several families of Lepidoptera, especially Tortricidae, Pyralidae, Gelechiidae and Noctuidae (Yu 1997-2012; Yu et al. 2012). Among these species are included the already mentioned Paralobesia viteana and Lobesia botrana . The former was initially confused with Lobesia botrana (see e.g. Johnson and Hammar 1912), and it is likely that the record of Bracon vernoniae on Lobesia botrana reported by Leonardi (1925) originates from this mistake, since Marsh (1979) and Tillman and Cate (1989) did not include this moth among the hosts of this Bracon .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1F7EE119393FF7D4A86A65629321C280	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Scaramozzino, Pier Luigi;Loni, Augusto;Lucchi, Andrea	Scaramozzino, Pier Luigi, Loni, Augusto, Lucchi, Andrea (2017): A review of insect parasitoids associated with Lobesiabotrana (Denis & Schiffermueller, 1775) in Italy. 1. DipteraTachinidae and HymenopteraBraconidae (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). ZooKeys 647: 67-100, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.647.11098, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.647.11098
C00A66762C170325852F8AAA8792EE4A.text	C00A66762C170325852F8AAA8792EE4A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Habrobracon sp.	<div><p>Habrobracon sp.</p><p>Habrobracon sp. Delrio et al. 1987, Moleas 1995, Coscollá 1997</p><p>Italian distribution of reared parasitoids.</p><p>Sardinia: Delrio et al. 1987</p><p>Host range.</p><p>Idiobiont larval ectophagous and gregarious parasitoid predominantly of Coleoptera and Lepidoptera .</p><p>Ecological role.</p><p>In Sardinia vineyards Delrio et al. (1987) obtained by Lobesia botrana an unidentified species of Habrobracon which, along with other species ( Elachertus affinis Masi, Agathis sp. and Chelonus sp.), emerged from 10-12% of the first generation larvae and from 5% of second and third generation larvae. The genus Habrobracon Ashmead, 1895 is also used in synonymy with Bracon Fabricius, 1804, in the Fauna Europaea, where nearly 250 species of this genus in Europe are listed.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C00A66762C170325852F8AAA8792EE4A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Scaramozzino, Pier Luigi;Loni, Augusto;Lucchi, Andrea	Scaramozzino, Pier Luigi, Loni, Augusto, Lucchi, Andrea (2017): A review of insect parasitoids associated with Lobesiabotrana (Denis & Schiffermueller, 1775) in Italy. 1. DipteraTachinidae and HymenopteraBraconidae (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). ZooKeys 647: 67-100, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.647.11098, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.647.11098
8C6471272DBB72833453FB4323E33B4A.text	8C6471272DBB72833453FB4323E33B4A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Therophilus tumidulus (Nees 1812) Nees 1812	<div><p>Therophilus tumidulus (Nees, 1812)</p><p>Microdus tumidulus Nees: Luciano et al. 1988</p><p>Italian distribution of reared parasitoids.</p><p>Sardinia: Luciano et al. 1988</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Therophilus tumidulus is widespread in the Palearctic area: throughout Europe, Morocco, Russia, Caucasus, Turkey, Iran, Central Asia as far as Japan and China (Yu 1997-2012; Yu et al. 2012).</p><p>Host range.</p><p>The species is known as larval parasitoid of Lepidoptera Momphidae, Gelechiidae, Depressariidae and especially Tortricidae, including the vine tortrix moth Sparganothis pilleriana (Voukassovitch 1924, Villemant et al. 2012).</p><p>Ecological role.</p><p>Therophilus tumidulus was the second most frequent larval parasitoid of EGVM on Daphne gnidium in Sardinia, after Phytomyptera nigrina, with parasitism rates ranging from 12.5 to 24.1% in the first generation and 8.6% in the third generation. Telenga (1934) mentioned this species as one of the main parasitoids of EGVM in Crimea vineyards.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8C6471272DBB72833453FB4323E33B4A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Scaramozzino, Pier Luigi;Loni, Augusto;Lucchi, Andrea	Scaramozzino, Pier Luigi, Loni, Augusto, Lucchi, Andrea (2017): A review of insect parasitoids associated with Lobesiabotrana (Denis & Schiffermueller, 1775) in Italy. 1. DipteraTachinidae and HymenopteraBraconidae (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). ZooKeys 647: 67-100, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.647.11098, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.647.11098
1C8A2822F273C0BE700B2375AED948BC.text	1C8A2822F273C0BE700B2375AED948BC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Habrobracon concolorans (Marshall 1900) Marshall 1900	<div><p>Habrobracon concolorans (Marshall, 1900)</p><p>Habrobracon concolorans Loni et al. 2016</p><p>Bracon sl.: Scaramozzino et al. (in press)</p><p>Italian distribution of reared parasitoids.</p><p>Tuscany: Loni et al. 2016, Scaramozzino et al. (in press)</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Habrobracon concolorans is a Trans-Eurasian species (Samartsev and Belokobylskij 2013), widely distributed in the Palaearctic region.</p><p>Host range.</p><p>Loni et al. (2016) found this species associated with EGVM for the first time. In the Nature Reserve of San Rossore, on Daphne gnidium, Habrobracon concolorans feeds on larvae of the three EGVM generations. It develops as ectoparasitoid on mature larvae, killing them before they make the cocoon, and showing both solitary and gregarious habits, with up to four individuals feeding on the same host larva. To date it is only known from 13 host species, mostly Lepidoptera ( Gelechiidae, Noctuidae, Nymphalidae, Pyralidae, Tortricidae) and one Coleoptera Anobiidae (Loni et al. 2016). Moreover, Habrobracon concolorans is a major parasitoid of the highly invasive South American tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) ( Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae) (Biondi et al. 2013).</p><p>Ecological role.</p><p>Habrobracon concolorans has been found associated to three other species of Braconinae ( Habrobracon hebetor, Habrobracon pillerianae and Bracon admotus) that emerged from more than 1,200 EGVM samples collected in 2014 (Loni et al. 2016) with a parasitization rate of 2.4%.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C8A2822F273C0BE700B2375AED948BC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Scaramozzino, Pier Luigi;Loni, Augusto;Lucchi, Andrea	Scaramozzino, Pier Luigi, Loni, Augusto, Lucchi, Andrea (2017): A review of insect parasitoids associated with Lobesiabotrana (Denis & Schiffermueller, 1775) in Italy. 1. DipteraTachinidae and HymenopteraBraconidae (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). ZooKeys 647: 67-100, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.647.11098, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.647.11098
08CCC6D42C4E8337BAB3868FD4374F70.text	08CCC6D42C4E8337BAB3868FD4374F70.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Habrobracon hebetor (Say 1836) Say 1836	<div><p>Habrobracon hebetor (Say, 1836)</p><p>Habrobracon hebetor Moleas 1979, Loni et al. 2016</p><p>Habrobracon sp.: Silvestri 1912, Boselli 1928, Stellwaag 1928</p><p>Habrobracon brevicornis Wesmael: Goidanich 1934</p><p>Microbracon brevicornis Wesm.: Thompson 1946</p><p>Bracon sl.: Scaramozzino et al. (in press)</p><p>Italian distribution of reared parasitoids.</p><p>Campania: Silvestri 1912</p><p>Tuscany: Loni et al. 2016, Scaramozzino et al. (in press)</p><p>Sicily: Silvestri 1912 (from larvae of Ephestia elutella)</p><p>South Italy: Moleas 1979</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Cosmopolitan.</p><p>Taxonomic notes.</p><p>In the past, the taxonomic position of Habrobracon hebetor was not well defined; it has a large number of synonyms because of the wide distribution, the broad host range and the morphological variability, so that it was attributed to the genera Bracon, Habrobracon and Microbracon (Loni et al. 2016). It was considered for long time separated from his junior synonym Bracon brevicornis (Wesmael, 1838) (see e.g.: Marsh 1979, Fauna Europaea) on the basis of various morphological characteristics.</p><p>Host range.</p><p>Highly polyphagous, it is known to attack various species of pyralid moths feeding on stored products, as well as other Lepidopterous pests on several cultivated plants (Yu et al. 2012). It is an idiobiont ectophagous and gregarious parasitoid of Lepidopteran larvae. In Loni et al. (2016) a list of records of Habrobracon hebetor found on EGVM is provided. Goidanich (1934), reviewing the specimens obtained from larvae of Lobesia botrana and Ephestia elutella by Silvestri, assigns them to Habrobracon brevicornis . In 2014 Loni et al. (2016) obtained two females of this species from a larva of Lobesia botrana feeding on Daphne gnidium . Under the name Habrobracon brevicornis it was known as a major parasitoid of the European Corn Borer Ostrinia nubilalis ( Hübner, 1796) ( Lepidoptera, Pyralidae), and, with the aim of controlling this pest, it was introduced and released in different locations in North America (Goidanich 1931, Marsh 1979, Yu et al. 2012).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/08CCC6D42C4E8337BAB3868FD4374F70	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Scaramozzino, Pier Luigi;Loni, Augusto;Lucchi, Andrea	Scaramozzino, Pier Luigi, Loni, Augusto, Lucchi, Andrea (2017): A review of insect parasitoids associated with Lobesiabotrana (Denis & Schiffermueller, 1775) in Italy. 1. DipteraTachinidae and HymenopteraBraconidae (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). ZooKeys 647: 67-100, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.647.11098, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.647.11098
2ECBE82E3F80E81A3F2352CBEC80CB0E.text	2ECBE82E3F80E81A3F2352CBEC80CB0E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Habrobracon pillerianae Fischer 1980	<div><p>Habrobracon pillerianae Fischer, 1980</p><p>Habrobracon pillerianae Loni et al. 2016</p><p>Bracon s. l.: Scaramozzino et al. (in press)</p><p>Italian distribution of reared parasitoids.</p><p>Tuscany: Loni et al. 2016, Scaramozzino et al. (in press)</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Currently this species is only found in Asian Turkey (Fischer 1980) and in Tuscany (Italy) (Loni et al. 2016)</p><p>Host range and ecological role.</p><p>Very little information is available on this species (Fischer 1980). This author described Habrobracon pillerianae on the basis of six specimens emerged from Sparganothis pilleriana in Central Anatolia (Turkey). We personally obtained this Braconid by EGVM larvae feeding on grapevine in Cerreto Guidi (FI) in June 2005 and August 2008 and on Daphne gnidium in San Rossore (Pisa), from late June to early September 2014 (Loni et al. 2016). Although it proved to be the most common species among the Braconinae found in S. Rossore (it accounted for about 6% of all collected parasitoids), the parasitism rate on Lobesia botrana larvae was only around 1.3%.</p><p>Also in this species the larvae developed both solitary and gregariously, with up to three individuals feeding on the same host (Loni et al. 2016).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2ECBE82E3F80E81A3F2352CBEC80CB0E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Scaramozzino, Pier Luigi;Loni, Augusto;Lucchi, Andrea	Scaramozzino, Pier Luigi, Loni, Augusto, Lucchi, Andrea (2017): A review of insect parasitoids associated with Lobesiabotrana (Denis & Schiffermueller, 1775) in Italy. 1. DipteraTachinidae and HymenopteraBraconidae (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). ZooKeys 647: 67-100, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.647.11098, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.647.11098
8F51F35B575E5991A8F6D6E94EC239FE.text	8F51F35B575E5991A8F6D6E94EC239FE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ascogaster quadridentata Wesmael 1835	<div><p>Ascogaster quadridentata Wesmael, 1835 Fig. 3</p><p>Ascogaster quadridentata Luciano et al. 1988, Marchesini and Dalla Montà 1992, 1994, 1998, Coscollá 1997, Marchesini et al. 2006, Bagnoli and Lucchi 2006.</p><p>Italian distribution of reared parasitoids.</p><p>Sardinia: Luciano et al. 1988</p><p>Tuscany: Bagnoli and Lucchi 2006</p><p>Veneto: Marchesini and Dalla Montà 1992, 1994, 1998, Marchesini et al. 2006</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>The species is present in Europe and North Africa; in Asia it is recorded up to Japan (for more details see: Yu 1997-2012 and Cabi 2016a). Ascogaster quadridentata was introduced in North America and New Zealand for the biological control of Cydia pomonella L. ( Lepidoptera, Tortricidae).</p><p>Host range.</p><p>This koinobiont egg-larval endophagous parasitoid feeds on various species of economically important moths, especially belonging to the family Tortricidae . Yu et al. (2012) provide a list of sixty-seven host species. In the vineyards it has been also associated to Paralobesia viteana and Eupoecilia ambiguella .</p><p>Ecological role.</p><p>As already highlighted by Bagnoli and Lucchi (2006), in Tuscany this parasitoid is usually present at low density in all the three generations of Lobesia botrana . In Veneto it has never been obtained by larvae of the first generation, but reached a maximum rate of parasitism of 4.4% in the second generation and 2.7% in the third generation. In Sardinia it was obtained only from first generation larvae of EGVM living on Daphne gnidium, with a parasitism rate of 3.7%.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8F51F35B575E5991A8F6D6E94EC239FE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Scaramozzino, Pier Luigi;Loni, Augusto;Lucchi, Andrea	Scaramozzino, Pier Luigi, Loni, Augusto, Lucchi, Andrea (2017): A review of insect parasitoids associated with Lobesiabotrana (Denis & Schiffermueller, 1775) in Italy. 1. DipteraTachinidae and HymenopteraBraconidae (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). ZooKeys 647: 67-100, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.647.11098, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.647.11098
8462B90436C22647207323147EC3537A.text	8462B90436C22647207323147EC3537A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ascogaster rufidens Wesmael 1835	<div><p>Ascogaster rufidens Wesmael, 1835</p><p>Ascogaster rufidens Silvestri 1912, Boselli 1928, Stellwaag 1928</p><p>Italian distribution of reared parasitoids.</p><p>Campania: Silvestri 1912 (Portici)</p><p>Distribution .</p><p>This species shows a Palaearctic distribution, being present in Europe (excluding Iberian Peninsula, ex Yugoslavia and Greece), Russia, Far East Russia, and China.</p><p>Host range.</p><p>Koinobiont endophagous egg-larval parasitoid. The only record is due to Silvestri (1912) that frequently reared it in August from EGVM larvae. Like the previous species, it lives on microlepidoptera, especially Tortricidae .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8462B90436C22647207323147EC3537A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Scaramozzino, Pier Luigi;Loni, Augusto;Lucchi, Andrea	Scaramozzino, Pier Luigi, Loni, Augusto, Lucchi, Andrea (2017): A review of insect parasitoids associated with Lobesiabotrana (Denis & Schiffermueller, 1775) in Italy. 1. DipteraTachinidae and HymenopteraBraconidae (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). ZooKeys 647: 67-100, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.647.11098, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.647.11098
8D83E8FE5629C101736F0CC7DDAE66E8.text	8D83E8FE5629C101736F0CC7DDAE66E8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chelonus sp.	<div><p>Chelonus sp.</p><p>Chelonus sp. Delrio et al. 1987, Coscollá 1997</p><p>Italian distribution of reared parasitoids.</p><p>Sardinia: Delrio et al. 1987</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Chelonus Panzer, 1806 is a cosmopolitan genus with 190 species in Europe (Fauna Europaea).</p><p>Host range.</p><p>Like the species of the genus Ascogaster, the Chelonus spp. are koinobiont egg-larval endophagous parasitoids of various groups of microlepidoptera and Noctuidae .</p><p>Ecological role.</p><p>In Sardinia Delrio et al. (1987) obtained an unidentified species of Chelonus that, along with other species ( Elachertus affinis Masi, Agathis sp. and Habrobracon sp.) parasitized 10-12% of the EGVM larvae of the first generation and 5% of the larvae of the second and third generations.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8D83E8FE5629C101736F0CC7DDAE66E8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Scaramozzino, Pier Luigi;Loni, Augusto;Lucchi, Andrea	Scaramozzino, Pier Luigi, Loni, Augusto, Lucchi, Andrea (2017): A review of insect parasitoids associated with Lobesiabotrana (Denis & Schiffermueller, 1775) in Italy. 1. DipteraTachinidae and HymenopteraBraconidae (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). ZooKeys 647: 67-100, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.647.11098, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.647.11098
0749DEF9EB83107D603CABC287698B23.text	0749DEF9EB83107D603CABC287698B23.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Colastes sp.	<div><p>Colastes sp.</p><p>Colastes sp. Colombera at al. 2001</p><p>Italian distribution of reared parasitoids.</p><p>Piedmont: Colombera at al. 2001</p><p>Distribution and host range.</p><p>Colastes Haliday, 1833 is a cosmopolitan genus represented in Europe by 15 species, which are, as all the members of the subfamily, idiobiont ectophagous solitary parasitoids on larvae of several leafminers (Shaw and Huddleston 1991). Only one specimen was obtained from the first generation larvae of EGVM in Piedmont.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0749DEF9EB83107D603CABC287698B23	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Scaramozzino, Pier Luigi;Loni, Augusto;Lucchi, Andrea	Scaramozzino, Pier Luigi, Loni, Augusto, Lucchi, Andrea (2017): A review of insect parasitoids associated with Lobesiabotrana (Denis & Schiffermueller, 1775) in Italy. 1. DipteraTachinidae and HymenopteraBraconidae (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). ZooKeys 647: 67-100, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.647.11098, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.647.11098
50BEBC390D77EBB3EAFA4EA8AAB24383.text	50BEBC390D77EBB3EAFA4EA8AAB24383.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Meteorus sp.	<div><p>Meteorus sp.</p><p>Meteorus sp. Silvestri 1912, Boselli 1928, Stellwaag 1928</p><p>Italian distribution of reared parasitoids.</p><p>Campania: Silvestri 1912 (Nola, Portici)</p><p>Apulia: Silvestri 1912 (S. Vito dei Normanni - Lecce)</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Meteorus Haliday, 1835 is a cosmopolitan genus with a large number of species, Yu (1997-2012) lists 316 species, 46 of which are present in Europe (Fauna Europaea).</p><p>Host range.</p><p>The species of the genus Meteorus are koinobiont endophagous larval parasitoids of Coleoptera and Lepidoptera . Meteorus pendulus ( Müller, 1776) and Meteorus rubens (Nees, 1811) have been found on Eupoecilia ambiguella, while Meteorus colon (Haliday, 1835) was obtained from Sparganothis pilleriana . Silvestri (1912) in July and August repeatedly observed some specimens of an unidentified Meteorus from larvae of EGVM collected in Campania and Apulia vineyards.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/50BEBC390D77EBB3EAFA4EA8AAB24383	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Scaramozzino, Pier Luigi;Loni, Augusto;Lucchi, Andrea	Scaramozzino, Pier Luigi, Loni, Augusto, Lucchi, Andrea (2017): A review of insect parasitoids associated with Lobesiabotrana (Denis & Schiffermueller, 1775) in Italy. 1. DipteraTachinidae and HymenopteraBraconidae (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). ZooKeys 647: 67-100, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.647.11098, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.647.11098
CD881285955FB9F2B1D1E48E36E35155.text	CD881285955FB9F2B1D1E48E36E35155.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apanteles albipennis (Nees 1834) Nees 1834	<div><p>Apanteles albipennis (Nees, 1834)</p><p>Apanteles albipennis Laccone 1978</p><p>Italian distribution of reared parasitoids.</p><p>Apulia: Laccone 1978</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Palaearctic species, widespread in Europe and in the former Soviet Union up to the east coast.</p><p>Host range.</p><p>Yu (1997-2012) provides a list of 33 species of Lepidopteran hosts including Tortricidae, Gelechiidae, Pterophoridae, Coleophoridae, Pyralidae and other families, plus two erroneous records: one species of Buprestidae and one of Curculionidae ( Coleoptera). Among the hosts of Apanteles albipennis is also recorded Sparganothis pilleriana (Ruschka and Fulmek 1915).</p><p>Ecological role.</p><p>Specimens of this species were rarely obtained from EGVM larvae of first and second generation collected on vine in Apulia (Laccone 1978).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CD881285955FB9F2B1D1E48E36E35155	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Scaramozzino, Pier Luigi;Loni, Augusto;Lucchi, Andrea	Scaramozzino, Pier Luigi, Loni, Augusto, Lucchi, Andrea (2017): A review of insect parasitoids associated with Lobesiabotrana (Denis & Schiffermueller, 1775) in Italy. 1. DipteraTachinidae and HymenopteraBraconidae (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). ZooKeys 647: 67-100, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.647.11098, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.647.11098
A650EC5C21F6B0FE453EF923AA4A3621.text	A650EC5C21F6B0FE453EF923AA4A3621.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apanteles sp.	<div><p>Apanteles sp.</p><p>Apanteles sp. Nuzzaci and Triggiani 1982, Luciano et al. 1988, Moleas 1995, Coscollá 1997</p><p>Italian distribution of reared parasitoids.</p><p>Apulia: Nuzzaci and Triggiani 1982</p><p>Sardinia: Luciano et al. 1988</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Apanteles Förster, 1863 is a big cosmopolitan genus which - according to Mason (1981) - would include between 5,000 and 10,000 species. Yu (1997-2012) lists a little less than a thousand species. In Europe are reported 195 species (Fauna Europaea).</p><p>Taxonomic notes.</p><p>Apanteles is a polyphyletic complicated group, both for the high number of species and for the evident morphological convergence accompanied by the characters reduction. Mason (1981) divided this group in 26 distinct genera (see Whitfield et al. 2002).</p><p>The situation is still controversial and Mason’s opinion is not accepted by all taxonomists of the group (see note 180 in Broad et al. 2012).</p><p>Host range.</p><p>Like all Microgastrinae, Apanteles spp. are koinobiont endophagous larval parasitoids of Lepidoptera Ditrysia and are undoubtedly among the most important parasitoids of this order. For more details, see Shaw and Huddleston (1991).</p><p>Ecological role.</p><p>In Apulia, an unidentified species of Apanteles was repeatedly found in September-October; this emerged from EGVM larvae living on Daphne gnidium, with a parasitization rate of approx. 20% (Nuzzaci and Triggiani 1982). Again, on Daphne gnidiun in Sardinia, another unidentified Apanteles was obtained both from EGVM larvae of first and third generation, with parasitization rates of 6.2% and 24.1% respectively (Luciano et al. 1988).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A650EC5C21F6B0FE453EF923AA4A3621	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Scaramozzino, Pier Luigi;Loni, Augusto;Lucchi, Andrea	Scaramozzino, Pier Luigi, Loni, Augusto, Lucchi, Andrea (2017): A review of insect parasitoids associated with Lobesiabotrana (Denis & Schiffermueller, 1775) in Italy. 1. DipteraTachinidae and HymenopteraBraconidae (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). ZooKeys 647: 67-100, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.647.11098, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.647.11098
9925F3DE898B2EA08818734F21BB6AC4.text	9925F3DE898B2EA08818734F21BB6AC4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Microgaster rufipes Nees 1834	<div><p>Microgaster rufipes Nees, 1834 [= Microgaster globata auctt., not (Linnaeus, 1758)]</p><p>Microgaster globata: Catoni 1914, Stellwaag 1928</p><p>Italian distribution of reared parasitoids.</p><p>Trentino-South Tyrol: Catoni 1914, Stellwaag 1928</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Microgaster is a cosmopolitan genus, fairly rich in species. Yu (1997-2012) reports 178 species, 45 of which in Europe (Fauna Europaea).</p><p>Taxonomic notes.</p><p>In the past, the name " globata " was often referred to the European species of Microgaster Latreille, 1804, characterized by red hind femora. Nowadays we do not know exactly to what species the old quotes of many authors refer (Nixon 1968). This is probably the case of the records of Catoni (1914) and Schwangart (Stellwaag 1928). Recently Van Achterberg (2014) addressed the issue and eventually renamed Microgaster globatus auctt. with the oldest available name Microgaster rufipes Nees, 1834.</p><p>The species is now reported in the Fauna Europaea as Microgaster rufipes Nees, 1834, but is still listed by Broad et al. (2012, 2016) and Yu et al. (2012) under the incorrect name of Microgaster globata .</p><p>Host range.</p><p>Yu et al. (2012) list fifty hosts, many of which are tortricids. Those of Catoni (1914) and Schwangart (Stellwaag 1928) are the only references of Microgaster globata on Lobesia botrana .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9925F3DE898B2EA08818734F21BB6AC4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Scaramozzino, Pier Luigi;Loni, Augusto;Lucchi, Andrea	Scaramozzino, Pier Luigi, Loni, Augusto, Lucchi, Andrea (2017): A review of insect parasitoids associated with Lobesiabotrana (Denis & Schiffermueller, 1775) in Italy. 1. DipteraTachinidae and HymenopteraBraconidae (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). ZooKeys 647: 67-100, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.647.11098, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.647.11098
8A3CDC2906BB5D105F3A2A9949E7B593.text	8A3CDC2906BB5D105F3A2A9949E7B593.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Microplitis sp.	<div><p>Microplitis sp.</p><p>Microplitis sp. Marchesini and Dalla Montà 1992, 1994, 1998, Coscollá 1997, Colombera et al. 2001, Marchesini et al. 2006</p><p>Italian distribution of reared parasitoids.</p><p>Piedmont: Colombera et al. 2001</p><p>Veneto: Marchesini and Dalla Montà 1992, 1994, 1998, Marchesini et al. 2006</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Microplitis Förster, 1863 is a cosmopolitan genus that counts about 180 species.</p><p>Host range.</p><p>All the species of this genus are solitary or gregarious endoparasitoids of Lepidopteran larvae (especially Noctuidae).</p><p>Ecological role.</p><p>Both Marchesini et al. (1994, 2006) and Colombera et al. (2001) have obtained a few specimens of an unidentified species of Microplitis by EGVM larvae of the second generation.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8A3CDC2906BB5D105F3A2A9949E7B593	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Scaramozzino, Pier Luigi;Loni, Augusto;Lucchi, Andrea	Scaramozzino, Pier Luigi, Loni, Augusto, Lucchi, Andrea (2017): A review of insect parasitoids associated with Lobesiabotrana (Denis & Schiffermueller, 1775) in Italy. 1. DipteraTachinidae and HymenopteraBraconidae (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). ZooKeys 647: 67-100, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.647.11098, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.647.11098
7BAE1BF13E08A2D8FE2B2D4FE58377AD.text	7BAE1BF13E08A2D8FE2B2D4FE58377AD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Microplitis tuberculifer (Wesmael 1837) Wesmael 1837	<div><p>Microplitis tuberculifer (Wesmael, 1837)</p><p>Microplitis tuberculifera: Catoni 1914, Ruschka and Fulmek 1915, Boselli 1928</p><p>Microplites tuberculifera (Wesm.) Reinh.: Stellwaag 1928</p><p>Italian distribution of reared parasitoids.</p><p>Trentino-South Tyrol: Catoni 1914, Ruschka and Fulmek 1915</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Microplitis tuberculifer is widespread and common throughout the Palearctic region, with the exception of North Africa.</p><p>Host range.</p><p>It is a solitary koinobiont endoparasitoid of Lepidopteran larvae ( Noctuidae and Geometridae), and it is also reported on Eupoecilia ambiguella in Austria, together with EGVM (Ruschka and Fulmek 1915), and Bulgaria (Balevski 1989, Yu et al. 2012).</p><p>The only Italian records of this species on the two vine moths are due to Catoni (1914) and Ruschka and Fulmek (1915).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7BAE1BF13E08A2D8FE2B2D4FE58377AD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Scaramozzino, Pier Luigi;Loni, Augusto;Lucchi, Andrea	Scaramozzino, Pier Luigi, Loni, Augusto, Lucchi, Andrea (2017): A review of insect parasitoids associated with Lobesiabotrana (Denis & Schiffermueller, 1775) in Italy. 1. DipteraTachinidae and HymenopteraBraconidae (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). ZooKeys 647: 67-100, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.647.11098, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.647.11098
4F02DE35B53CB7A6163191C943364C82.text	4F02DE35B53CB7A6163191C943364C82.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aleiodes sp.	<div><p>Aleiodes sp.</p><p>Aleiodes sp. Nuzzaci and Triggiani 1982</p><p>Italian distribution of reared parasitoids.</p><p>Apulia: Nuzzaci and Triggiani 1982</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Aleiodes Wesmael, 1838, is a cosmopolitan genus of 240 species (Yu 1997-2012), with 42 of them listed in Europe (Fauna Europaea).</p><p>Host range.</p><p>In most cases, the species of this genus live on larvae of macrolepidoptera, both diurnal and nocturnal and, to a lesser extent, on larvae of microlepidoptera, including tortricids. They are koinobiont larval endoparasitoids, and lay their eggs in the host young larva and pupate inside the mummified remains of the dead caterpillar. Three species of Aleiodes are associated with Lobesia botrana . Nuzzaci and Triggiani (1982) obtained a single specimen of an unidentified species of Aleiodes by EGVM larvae living on Daphne gnidium .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4F02DE35B53CB7A6163191C943364C82	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Scaramozzino, Pier Luigi;Loni, Augusto;Lucchi, Andrea	Scaramozzino, Pier Luigi, Loni, Augusto, Lucchi, Andrea (2017): A review of insect parasitoids associated with Lobesiabotrana (Denis & Schiffermueller, 1775) in Italy. 1. DipteraTachinidae and HymenopteraBraconidae (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). ZooKeys 647: 67-100, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.647.11098, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.647.11098
