identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03AD87BFFFEB0C05FF452E2DFC00F934.text	03AD87BFFFEB0C05FF452E2DFC00F934.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Otatea acuminata AGS	<div><p>Otatea acuminata AGS (Fig. 2)</p><p>Material examined: — Aguascalientes: Calvillo, Jagúey canyon, 3 km E of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-102.65645&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.97972" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -102.65645/lat 21.97972)">Piedras Chinas</a>, 1.5 km N of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-102.65645&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.97972" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -102.65645/lat 21.97972)">El Zapote de la Labor</a>, 21°58’46.99”N, 102°39’23.2”W, 1969 m, 9 June 2020, E . Ruiz-Sanchez &amp; M. A . García-Martínez 652 (IBUG!) .</p><p>Culm anatomy description: —Culm solid. Epidermis with a layer of axially elongated lignified cells, 12 µm length, with axially elongated silica bodies (Fig. 2B). Cortex with 2 layers of narrow thick-walled cells followed by 3–4 layers of thinner-walled rounded cells (5–6 layers in total, 70 µm length; Fig. 2B). Vascular bundles in 8–9 alternating cycles (Fig. 2A). Peripheral, transitional, and central vascular bundles surrounded by a sclerenchyma sheath defining their contour (Figs. 2C–E). Elliptical central vascular bundles, 488 × 444 μm; two round shaped metaxylem vessels, 98 × 106 µm; phloem with sieve tubes and companion cells located between two metaxylem vessels on the upper level, 119 ×136 µm; sieve tubes 24 µm × 23 µm (Fig. 2E). Scarce amorphous silica bodies embedded along the periphery of vascular bundles occupying cellular spaces covering a mean area of 70 µm 2. Sporadic conical silica bodies across the ground tissue occupying intercellular spaces covering a mean area of 30 µm 2.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87BFFFEB0C05FF452E2DFC00F934	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	García-Martínez, Miguel A.;Terrazas, Teresa;Sánchez, Daniel;Reyes, Pablo Carrillo-;Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo	García-Martínez, Miguel A., Terrazas, Teresa, Sánchez, Daniel, Reyes, Pablo Carrillo-, Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo (2023): Culm anatomy of the genus Otatea (Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Bambuseae, Guaduinae) as a contribution to Mexican species identification. Phytotaxa 609 (2): 75-102, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.609.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.609.2.1
03AD87BFFFEB0C02FF452C09FABDFE8E.text	03AD87BFFFEB0C02FF452C09FABDFE8E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Otatea acuminata JAL	<div><p>Otatea acuminata JAL (Fig. 3)</p><p>Material examined: — MEXICO. Jalisco: San Sebastián del Oeste, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-104.93694&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.803055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -104.93694/lat 20.803055)">Mascota-Puerto Vallarta</a> road, near arch bridge, 20°48’11”N, 104°56’13”W, 725 m, 28 July 2020, E . Ruiz-Sanchez 672 (IBUG!) .</p><p>Culm anatomy description: —Culm solid (Figs. 3A, B). Epidermis with a layer of rounded lignified cells, 10 µm length, with frequent squared to rectangular silica bodies on top (Fig. 3C). Cortex with 3–4 layers of thick-walled rounded cells, followed by 1–2 layers of thinner-walled rounded cells (5–6 layers in total, 41 µm length; Fig. 3C). Vascular bundles in 9–10 alternating cycles (Fig. 3A). Peripheral, transitional, and central vascular bundles surrounded by a sclerenchyma sheath defining their contour (Figs. 3D–F). Ovate central vascular bundles, 287 × 288 μm; two round shaped metaxylem vessels, 69 × 73 µm; phloem with sieve tubes and companion cells located between two metaxylem vessels on the upper level, 63 × 75 µm; sieve tubes 19 × 18 µm (Fig. 3F). Scarce amorphous silica bodies embedded along the periphery of vascular bundles occupying cellular spaces covering a mean area of 86 µm 2.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87BFFFEB0C02FF452C09FABDFE8E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	García-Martínez, Miguel A.;Terrazas, Teresa;Sánchez, Daniel;Reyes, Pablo Carrillo-;Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo	García-Martínez, Miguel A., Terrazas, Teresa, Sánchez, Daniel, Reyes, Pablo Carrillo-, Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo (2023): Culm anatomy of the genus Otatea (Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Bambuseae, Guaduinae) as a contribution to Mexican species identification. Phytotaxa 609 (2): 75-102, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.609.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.609.2.1
03AD87BFFFED0C01FF452C8AFECFFE73.text	03AD87BFFFED0C01FF452C8AFECFFE73.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Otatea acuminata OAX	<div><p>Otatea acuminata OAX (Fig. 4)</p><p>Material examined: — Oaxaca: Tepelmeme Villa de Morelos, Km 107, Puebla-Oaxaca toll road, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-97.34964&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.031445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -97.34964/lat 18.031445)">Puente Los Otates</a>, 18°1’53.2”N, 97°20’58.7”W, 1961 m, 1 February 2020, E . Ruiz-Sanchez &amp; M. A . García-Martínez 644 (IBUG!) .</p><p>Culm anatomy description: —Culm solid. Epidermis with a layer of axially elongated lignified cells, 12 µm length, with frequent silica bodies on top (Fig. 4C). Cortex with one layer of narrow thick-walled rounded cells followed by 3–4 layers of wider thin-walled rounded cells (4–5 layers in total, 43 µm wide), the inner ones only with primary walls, chloroplasts and dark staining deposits in some cells (Fig. 4C). Vascular bundles in 11–12 alternating cycles (Fig. 4A). Peripheral, transitional, and central vascular bundles surrounded by a lignified sclerenchyma sheath defining their contour (Figs. 4D–F). Cell wall of fiber sheath weakly lignified. Ovate central vascular bundles, 426 × 392 μm; two round shaped metaxylem vessels, 93 × 89 μm, phloem with sieve tubes and companion cells located between two metaxylem vessels on the upper level, 93 × 136 µm; sieve tubes 17 × 21 µm (Fig. 4F). Scarce amorphous silica bodies embedded along the periphery of vascular bundles occupying cellular spaces covering a mean area of 49 µm 2. Sporadic conical silica bodies across the ground tissue occupying intercellular spaces covering a mean area of 17 µm 2 (Fig. 4B).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87BFFFED0C01FF452C8AFECFFE73	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	García-Martínez, Miguel A.;Terrazas, Teresa;Sánchez, Daniel;Reyes, Pablo Carrillo-;Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo	García-Martínez, Miguel A., Terrazas, Teresa, Sánchez, Daniel, Reyes, Pablo Carrillo-, Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo (2023): Culm anatomy of the genus Otatea (Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Bambuseae, Guaduinae) as a contribution to Mexican species identification. Phytotaxa 609 (2): 75-102, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.609.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.609.2.1
03AD87BFFFEF0C01FF452ACBFE0EFC16.text	03AD87BFFFEF0C01FF452ACBFE0EFC16.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Otatea acuminata VER	<div><p>Otatea acuminata VER (Fig. 5)</p><p>Material examined: — MEXICO. Veracruz: Emiliano Zapata, 2km south of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-96.68809&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.42147" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -96.68809/lat 19.42147)">Cerro Gordo</a>, 19°25’17.3”N, 96°41’17.1”W, 525 m, 31 January 2020, E . Ruiz-Sanchez &amp; M. A . García-Martínez 643 (IBUG!) .</p><p>Culm anatomy description: —Culm solid. Epidermis with a layer of axially elongated lignified cells, 11 µm length, with frequent squared to rectangular silica bodies on top (Fig. 5C). Cortex with one layer of thick-walled rounded cells followed by 2–3 layers of thinner-walled oval to rounded cells (3–4 layers in total, 34 µm length; Fig. 5C). Vascular bundles in 10–11 alternating cycles (Fig. 5A). Peripheral, transitional, and central vascular bundles surrounded by a sclerenchyma sheath defining their contour (Figs. 5D–F). Elliptical central vascular bundles, 484 × 466 μm; two round shaped metaxylem vessels, 104 × 106 μm; phloem with sieve tubes and companion cells located between two metaxylem vessels on the upper level, 66 × 81 µm; sieve tubes 18 µm × 25 µm (Fig. 5F). Scarce amorphous silica bodies embedded along the periphery of vascular bundles occupying cellular spaces covering a mean area of 122 µm 2. Sporadic conical silica bodies across the ground tissue occupying intercellular spaces covering a mean area of 17 µm 2 (Fig. 5B).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87BFFFEF0C01FF452ACBFE0EFC16	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	García-Martínez, Miguel A.;Terrazas, Teresa;Sánchez, Daniel;Reyes, Pablo Carrillo-;Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo	García-Martínez, Miguel A., Terrazas, Teresa, Sánchez, Daniel, Reyes, Pablo Carrillo-, Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo (2023): Culm anatomy of the genus Otatea (Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Bambuseae, Guaduinae) as a contribution to Mexican species identification. Phytotaxa 609 (2): 75-102, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.609.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.609.2.1
03AD87BFFFEF0C01FF4528D7FB85FA0E.text	03AD87BFFFEF0C01FF4528D7FB85FA0E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Otatea carrilloi Ruiz-Sanchez, Sosa & Mejia-Saules	<div><p>Otatea carrilloi (Fig. 6)</p><p>Material examined: — MEXICO. Chiapas: Tonalá, La Sepultura, vicinity of Raymundo Flores, 16°1’57.86”N, 93°36’12.20”W, 649 m, 15 February 2022, E . Ruiz-Sanchez et al. 730 (IBUG!).</p><p>Culm anatomy description: —Culm hollow, the lacuna occupying&gt; 50% of the total diameter. Epidermis with a layer of axially elongated lignified cells, 14 µm length, with frequent squared to rectangular silica bodies on top (Fig. 6B). Cortex with 2 layers of narrow thick-walled rounded cells, followed by 3–4 layers of wider thinner-walled rounded cells (in total, 5–6 layers, 61 µm length; Fig. 6B). Vascular bundles in 10–11 alternating cycles (Fig. 6A). Peripheral, transitional, and central vascular bundles surrounded by a sclerenchyma sheath defining their contour (Figs. 6C–E). Cell wall of fiber sheath weakly lignified. Ovate central vascular bundles, 439 × 451 μm; two round shaped metaxylem vessels, 100 × 110 μm; phloem with sieve tubes and companion cells located between two metaxylem vessels on the upper level, 91 × 120 µm; sieve tubes 18 × 23 µm (Fig. 6E). Frequent amorphous silica bodies embedded along the periphery of vascular bundles occupying cellular spaces covering a mean area of 90 µm 2.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87BFFFEF0C01FF4528D7FB85FA0E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	García-Martínez, Miguel A.;Terrazas, Teresa;Sánchez, Daniel;Reyes, Pablo Carrillo-;Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo	García-Martínez, Miguel A., Terrazas, Teresa, Sánchez, Daniel, Reyes, Pablo Carrillo-, Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo (2023): Culm anatomy of the genus Otatea (Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Bambuseae, Guaduinae) as a contribution to Mexican species identification. Phytotaxa 609 (2): 75-102, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.609.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.609.2.1
03AD87BFFFEF0C01FF452EDFFE93F822.text	03AD87BFFFEF0C01FF452EDFFE93F822.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Otatea fimbriata Soderstrom	<div><p>Otatea fimbriata (Fig. 7)</p><p>Material examined: — MEXICO. Chiapas: Ixtapa, Km 20 toll road <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-92.86337&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.698141" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -92.86337/lat 16.698141)">Tuxtla Gutiérrez-San Cristóbal</a> de las <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-92.86337&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.698141" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -92.86337/lat 16.698141)">Casas</a>, 16°41’53.31”N, 92°51’48.14”W, 1300 m, 15 February 2022, E . Ruiz-Sanchez et al. 732 (IBUG!) .</p><p>Culm anatomy description: —Culm solid. Epidermis with a layer of axially elongated lignified cells, 12 µm length, with frequent squared to rectangular silica bodies on top (Fig. 7B). Cortex with 1–2 layers of narrow thick-walled rounded cells followed by 4–5 layers of wider and thinner-walled rounded cells (6–7 layers in total, 73 µm length; Fig. 7B). Vascular bundles in 11–12 alternating cycles (Fig. 7A). Peripheral, transitional, and central vascular bundles surrounded by a sclerenchyma sheath defining their contour (Figs. 7C–E). Elliptical central vascular bundles, 556 × 615 μm; two round shaped metaxylem vessels, 119 × 117 μm; phloem with sieve tubes and companion cells located between two metaxylem vessels on the upper level, 115 × 195 µm; sieve tubes 20 × 27 µm (Fig. 7E). Scarce amorphous silica bodies embedded along the periphery of vascular bundles occupying cellular spaces covering a mean area of 127 µm 2. Frequent conical silica bodies across the ground tissue occupying intercellular spaces covering a mean area of 20 µm 2.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87BFFFEF0C01FF452EDFFE93F822	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	García-Martínez, Miguel A.;Terrazas, Teresa;Sánchez, Daniel;Reyes, Pablo Carrillo-;Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo	García-Martínez, Miguel A., Terrazas, Teresa, Sánchez, Daniel, Reyes, Pablo Carrillo-, Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo (2023): Culm anatomy of the genus Otatea (Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Bambuseae, Guaduinae) as a contribution to Mexican species identification. Phytotaxa 609 (2): 75-102, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.609.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.609.2.1
03AD87BFFFE20C0AFF452CA3FC6CFE8E.text	03AD87BFFFE20C0AFF452CA3FC6CFE8E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Otatea glauca Clark & Cortes 2004	<div><p>Otatea glauca (Fig. 8)</p><p>Material examined: — MEXICO. Chiapas: Motozintla, Km 37 of the <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-92.32381&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.329605" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -92.32381/lat 15.329605)">Huixtla-Motozintla</a> highway, 15°19’46.58”N, 92°19’25.72”W, 1141 m, 14 February 2022, E . Ruiz-Sanchez et al. 726 (IBUG!) .</p><p>Culm anatomy description: —Culm hollow, the lacuna occupying&gt; 50% of the total diameter. Epidermis with a layer of axially elongated lignified cells, 12 µm length, with frequent rectangular silica bodies on top (Fig. 8C). Cortex with 2 layers of narrow thick-walled cells followed by 2–3 layers of wider, thinner-walled cells (in total, 4–5 layers, 52 µm length; Fig. 8C). Vascular bundles in 8–9 alternating cycles (Fig. 8A). Peripheral, transitional, and central vascular bundles surrounded by a lignified sclerenchyma sheath defining their contour (Figs. 8D–F). Cell wall of fiber sheath weakly lignified. Oval central vascular bundles, 462 × 362 μm; two round shaped metaxylem vessels, 89 × 92 μm; phloem with sieve tubes and companion cells located between two metaxylem vessels on the upper level, 82 × 104 µm; sieve tubes 18 × 21 µm (Fig. 8F). Scarce amorphous silica bodies embedded along the periphery of vascular bundles occupying cellular spaces covering a mean area of 187 µm 2 (Fig. 8B). Sporadic conical silica bodies across the ground tissue occupying intercellular spaces covering a mean area of 6 µm 2.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87BFFFE20C0AFF452CA3FC6CFE8E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	García-Martínez, Miguel A.;Terrazas, Teresa;Sánchez, Daniel;Reyes, Pablo Carrillo-;Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo	García-Martínez, Miguel A., Terrazas, Teresa, Sánchez, Daniel, Reyes, Pablo Carrillo-, Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo (2023): Culm anatomy of the genus Otatea (Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Bambuseae, Guaduinae) as a contribution to Mexican species identification. Phytotaxa 609 (2): 75-102, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.609.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.609.2.1
03AD87BFFFE40C0BFF452A5FFC00FE72.text	03AD87BFFFE40C0BFF452A5FFC00FE72.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Otatea ramirezii Ruiz-Sanchez 2012	<div><p>Otatea ramirezii (Fig. 9)</p><p>Material examined: — MEXICO. Querétaro: San Joaquín, along dirt road from Apartadero to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-99.491104&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.982224" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -99.491104/lat 20.982224)">San Juan Tetla</a>, 20°58’56”N, 99°29’28”W, 1285 m, 19 February 2022, J. P . Ortíz-Brunel et al.1395 (IBUG!) .</p><p>Culm anatomy description: —Culm solid. Epidermis with a layer of axially elongated lignified cells, 11 µm length, with frequent squared to rectangular silica bodies on top (Fig. 9B). Cortex with one layer of narrow thick-walled cells followed by 2–3 layers of wider thinner-walled rounded cells (in total, 3–4 layers, 28 µm length; Fig. 9B). Vascular bundles in 9–10 alternating cycles. Peripheral, transitional, and central vascular bundles surrounded by a sclerenchyma sheath defining their contour (Figs. 9C–E). Oval central vascular bundles, 275 × 297 μm; two round shaped metaxylem vessels, 77 × 81 μm; phloem with sieve tubes and companion cells located between two metaxylem vessels on the upper level, 73 × 97 µm; sieve tubes 20 × 20 µm (Fig. 9E). Sporadic conical silica bodies across the ground tissue occupying intercellular spaces covering a mean area of 26 µm 2.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87BFFFE40C0BFF452A5FFC00FE72	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	García-Martínez, Miguel A.;Terrazas, Teresa;Sánchez, Daniel;Reyes, Pablo Carrillo-;Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo	García-Martínez, Miguel A., Terrazas, Teresa, Sánchez, Daniel, Reyes, Pablo Carrillo-, Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo (2023): Culm anatomy of the genus Otatea (Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Bambuseae, Guaduinae) as a contribution to Mexican species identification. Phytotaxa 609 (2): 75-102, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.609.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.609.2.1
03AD87BFFFE50C0BFF452ACBFED2FC17.text	03AD87BFFFE50C0BFF452ACBFED2FC17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Otatea reynosoana Ruiz-Sanchez & Clark	<div><p>Otatea reynosoana (Fig. 10)</p><p>Material examined: — MEXICO. Michoacán: Morelia, Filtros Viejos, on the banks of the <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-101.15381&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.676443" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -101.15381/lat 19.676443)">Chiquito river</a>, 19°40’35.2”N, 101°9’13.7”W, 1947 m, 3 February 2020, E . Ruiz-Sanchez &amp; M. A . García-Martínez 649 (IBUG!) .</p><p>Culm anatomy description: —Culm hollow, the lacuna occupying &lt;50% of the total diameter. Epidermis with a layer of square to rectangular thick-walled cells, 11 µm length, with occasional rectangular silica bodies on top (Fig. 10C). Cortex with 3–4 layers of thick-walled rounded cells, the outer narrower, 27 µm length, with dark staining deposit (Fig. 10C). Vascular bundles in 5–6 alternating cycles (Fig. 10C). Peripheral, transitional, and central vascular bundles surrounded by a sclerenchyma sheath defining their contour (Figs. 10D–F). Depressed central vascular bundles, 249 × 351 μm; two round shaped metaxylem vessels, 80 × 88 μm; phloem with sieve tubes and companion cells located between two metaxylem vessels on the upper level, 56 × 91 µm; sieve tubes 19 × 21 µm (Fig. 10F). Scarce amorphous silica bodies embedded along the periphery of vascular bundles occupying cellular spaces covering a mean area of 78 µm 2. Sporadic conical silica bodies across the ground tissue occupying intercellular spaces covering a mean area of 11 µm 2 (Fig. 10B).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87BFFFE50C0BFF452ACBFED2FC17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	García-Martínez, Miguel A.;Terrazas, Teresa;Sánchez, Daniel;Reyes, Pablo Carrillo-;Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo	García-Martínez, Miguel A., Terrazas, Teresa, Sánchez, Daniel, Reyes, Pablo Carrillo-, Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo (2023): Culm anatomy of the genus Otatea (Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Bambuseae, Guaduinae) as a contribution to Mexican species identification. Phytotaxa 609 (2): 75-102, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.609.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.609.2.1
03AD87BFFFE50C0BFF4528D7FDCEFA0F.text	03AD87BFFFE50C0BFF4528D7FDCEFA0F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Otatea rzedowskiorum Ruiz-Sanchez 2015	<div><p>Otatea rzedowskiorum (Fig. 11)</p><p>Material examined: — MEXICO. Chiapas: Ocozocoautla, El Aguacero waterfall, 16°45’35.34”N, 93°31’29.32”W, 535 m, 15 February 2022, E . Ruiz-Sanchez et al. 731 (IBUG!).</p><p>Culm anatomy description: —Culm solid. Epidermis with a layer of axially elongated lignified cells, 9 µm length, with occasional rectangular silica bodies on top (Fig. 11C). Cortex with a layer of thick-walled axially elongated cells followed by 2–3 layers of wider thinner-walled rounded cells (in total, 3–4 layers, 23 µm length; Fig. 11C). Vascular bundles in 5–6 alternating cycles (Fig. 11A). Peripheral, transitional, and central vascular bundles surrounded by a sclerenchyma sheath defining their contour (Figs. 11D–F). Central vascular bundles broadly depressed, 180 × 260 µm; two round shaped metaxylem vessels, 63 × 64 µm; phloem with sieve tubes and companion cells located between two metaxylem vessels on the upper level, 49 × 60 µm, sieve tubes 15 × 14 µm (Fig. 11F). Sporadic conical silica bodies across the ground tissue occupying intercellular spaces covering a mean area of 8 µm 2 (Fig. 11B). Abundant starch grains in the ground cells (Fig. 11B).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87BFFFE50C0BFF4528D7FDCEFA0F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	García-Martínez, Miguel A.;Terrazas, Teresa;Sánchez, Daniel;Reyes, Pablo Carrillo-;Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo	García-Martínez, Miguel A., Terrazas, Teresa, Sánchez, Daniel, Reyes, Pablo Carrillo-, Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo (2023): Culm anatomy of the genus Otatea (Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Bambuseae, Guaduinae) as a contribution to Mexican species identification. Phytotaxa 609 (2): 75-102, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.609.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.609.2.1
03AD87BFFFE50C0BFF452EDFFCF0F806.text	03AD87BFFFE50C0BFF452EDFFCF0F806.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Otatea transvolcanica Ruiz-Sanchez & Clark	<div><p>Otatea transvolcanica (Fig. 12)</p><p>Material examined: — MEXICO. Colima: Comala, dirt road Campo Cuatro to El Terrero, 19°24’05”N, 103°51’39”W, 1709 m, 25 July 2020, J. P . Ortíz-Brunel et al. 831 (IBUG!).</p><p>Culm anatomy description: —Culm solid. Epidermis with a layer of axially elongated lignified cells, 12 µm length, with frequent squared to rectangular silica bodies on top (Fig. 14B). Cortex with one layer of narrow thick-walled rounded cells followed by 4–5 layers of wider, thinner-walled rounded cells (6–7 layers in total, 72 µm length; Fig. 14B). Vascular bundles in 10–11 alternating cycles (Fig. 14A). Peripheral, transitional, and central vascular bundles surrounded by a sclerenchyma sheath defining their contour (Figs. 14C–E). Cell wall of fiber sheath weakly lignified. Elliptical central vascular bundles, 468 × 269 μm; two round shaped metaxylem vessels, 77 × 79 μm; phloem with sieve tubes and companion cells located between two metaxylem vessels on the upper level, 101 × 106 µm; sieve tubes 17 × 24 µm (Fig. 14E). Frequent amorphous silica bodies embedded along the periphery of vascular bundles occupying cellular spaces covering a mean area of 54 µm 2.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87BFFFE50C0BFF452EDFFCF0F806	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	García-Martínez, Miguel A.;Terrazas, Teresa;Sánchez, Daniel;Reyes, Pablo Carrillo-;Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo	García-Martínez, Miguel A., Terrazas, Teresa, Sánchez, Daniel, Reyes, Pablo Carrillo-, Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo (2023): Culm anatomy of the genus Otatea (Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Bambuseae, Guaduinae) as a contribution to Mexican species identification. Phytotaxa 609 (2): 75-102, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.609.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.609.2.1
03AD87BFFFF90C14FF452BB7FA43FE72.text	03AD87BFFFF90C14FF452BB7FA43FE72.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Otatea victoriae Ruiz-Sanchez 2015	<div><p>Otatea victoriae (Fig. 13)</p><p>Material examined: — MEXICO. Hidalgo: Cardonal, Tolantongo-Metztitlán dirt road, 5 km east of the junction to the road that leads to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-98.958694&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.62725" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -98.958694/lat 20.62725)">Tolantongo</a>, 20°37’38.1”N, 98°57’31.3”W, 1775 m, 2 February 2020, E . Ruiz-Sanchez &amp; M. A . García-Martínez 647 (IBUG!) .</p><p>Culm anatomy description: —Culm hollow with wide lacuna occupying&gt; 50% of the total diameter. Epidermis with a layer of axially elongated lignified cells, 15 µm length, with frequent squared to rectangular silica bodies on top (Fig. 15B). Cortex with 3–5 layers of thick-walled rounded cells, the outer layer with slightly narrower cells(48 µm length; Fig. 15B). Vascular bundles in 9–10 alternating cycles. Peripheral, transitional, and central vascular bundles surrounded by a sclerenchyma sheath defining their contour (Figs. 15C–E). Ovate central vascular bundles, 357 × 353 μm; two round shaped metaxylem vessels, 81 × 87 μm; phloem with sieve tubes and companion cells located between two metaxylem vessels on the upper level, 87 × 104 µm; sieve tubes 22 × 21 µm (Fig. 15A). Scarce amorphous silica bodies embedded along the periphery of vascular bundles occupying cellular spaces covering a mean area of 58 µm 2. Sporadic conical silica bodies across the ground tissue occupying intercellular spaces covering a mean area of 9 µm 2.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87BFFFF90C14FF452BB7FA43FE72	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	García-Martínez, Miguel A.;Terrazas, Teresa;Sánchez, Daniel;Reyes, Pablo Carrillo-;Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo	García-Martínez, Miguel A., Terrazas, Teresa, Sánchez, Daniel, Reyes, Pablo Carrillo-, Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo (2023): Culm anatomy of the genus Otatea (Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Bambuseae, Guaduinae) as a contribution to Mexican species identification. Phytotaxa 609 (2): 75-102, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.609.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.609.2.1
03AD87BFFFFA0C14FF452EFBFB01F807.text	03AD87BFFFFA0C14FF452EFBFB01F807.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Otatea García-Martínez & Terrazas & Sánchez & Reyes & Ruiz-Sanchez 2023	<div><p>Otatea sp. nov. 2 (Fig. 16)</p><p>Material examined: — MEXICO. Jalisco: Puerto Vallarta, 100 m upstream of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-105.2568&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.55115" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -105.2568/lat 20.55115)">Palo María river</a>, 20°33’4.14”N, 105°15’24.48”W, 50 m, 10 December 2021, E. Ruiz-Sanchez 723 (IBUG!) .</p><p>Culm anatomy description: —Culm solid. Epidermis with a layer of axially elongated lignified cells, 22 µm length, with frequent squared to rectangular silica bodies on top (Fig. 13B). Cortex with 3–4 layers of strongly thickerwalled rounded cells, 84 µm length (Fig. 13B). Vascular bundles in 9–10 alternating cycles (Fig. 13A). Peripheral, transitional, and central vascular bundles surrounded by a sclerenchyma sheath defining their contour (Figs. 13C–E). Elliptical central vascular bundles 445 × 315 μm; two round shaped metaxylem vessels, 118 × 105 μm; phloem with sieve tubes and companion cells located between two metaxylem vessels on the upper level, 108 × 104 µm; sieve tubes 16 × 28 µm (Fig. 13E). Scarce amorphous silica bodies embedded along the periphery of vascular bundles occupying cellular spaces covering a mean area of 173 µm 2. Sporadic conical silica bodies across the ground tissue occupying intercellular spaces covering a mean area of 26 µm 2.</p><p>We here present a key to Mexican Otatea species based on anatomical cross-section characters.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87BFFFFA0C14FF452EFBFB01F807	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	García-Martínez, Miguel A.;Terrazas, Teresa;Sánchez, Daniel;Reyes, Pablo Carrillo-;Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo	García-Martínez, Miguel A., Terrazas, Teresa, Sánchez, Daniel, Reyes, Pablo Carrillo-, Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo (2023): Culm anatomy of the genus Otatea (Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Bambuseae, Guaduinae) as a contribution to Mexican species identification. Phytotaxa 609 (2): 75-102, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.609.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.609.2.1
03AD87BFFFFA0C14FF4528F3FF56FA62.text	03AD87BFFFFA0C14FF4528F3FF56FA62.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Otatea García-Martínez & Terrazas & Sánchez & Reyes & Ruiz-Sanchez 2023	<div><p>Otatea sp. nov. 1 (Fig. 15)</p><p>Material examined: — Chiapas: Arriaga, Km 13 toll road <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-93.85633&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.320417" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -93.85633/lat 16.320417)">Tuxtla-Arriaga</a>, 16°19’13.50”N, 93°51’22.8”W, 564 m, 14 February 2022, E . Ruiz-Sanchez et al. 724 (IBUG!) .</p><p>Culm anatomy description: —Culm solid. Epidermis with a layer of axially elongated thick-walled cells, 17 µm length, with frequent squared to rectangular silica bodies on top (Fig. 12B). Cortex with a layer of narrow thick-walled rounded cells followed by 2 layers of wider, thinner-walled ovoidal cells (3 layers in total, 27 µm length; Fig. 12B). Vascular bundles in 10–11 alternating cycles (Fig. 12A). Peripheral, transitional, and central vascular bundles surrounded by a sclerenchyma sheath defining their contour (Figs. 12C–E). Ovate central vascular bundles, 336 × 331 μm; two round shaped metaxylem vessels, 89 × 98 μm; phloem with sieve tubes and companion cells located between two metaxylem vessels on the upper level, 73 × 98 µm; sieve tubes 23 × 21 µm (Fig. 12E). Scarce amorphous silica bodies embedded along the periphery of vascular bundles occupying cellular spaces covering a mean area of 168 µm 2.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87BFFFFA0C14FF4528F3FF56FA62	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	García-Martínez, Miguel A.;Terrazas, Teresa;Sánchez, Daniel;Reyes, Pablo Carrillo-;Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo	García-Martínez, Miguel A., Terrazas, Teresa, Sánchez, Daniel, Reyes, Pablo Carrillo-, Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo (2023): Culm anatomy of the genus Otatea (Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Bambuseae, Guaduinae) as a contribution to Mexican species identification. Phytotaxa 609 (2): 75-102, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.609.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.609.2.1
03AD87BFFFFA0C14FF452ACBFEEFFC6B.text	03AD87BFFFFA0C14FF452ACBFEEFFC6B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Otatea ximenae Ruiz-Sanchez & Clark	<div><p>Otatea ximenae (Fig. 14)</p><p>Material examined: — MEXICO. Oaxaca: Asunción Nochixtlán, Km 190 of the <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-97.1358&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.38586" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -97.1358/lat 17.38586)">Puebla-Oaxaca</a> highway, 17°23’9.1”N, 97°8’8.9”W 1928 m, 2 February 2020, Ruiz-Sanchez &amp; M . A . García-Martínez 645 (IBUG!) .</p><p>Culm anatomy description: —Culm solid. Epidermis with a layer of axially elongated lignified cells, 12 µm length, with occasional rectangular silica bodies on top (Fig. 16C). Cortex with one layer of thick-walled cells followed by 2 layers of wider, thinner-walled ovoidal cells (3 layers in total, 30 µm length; Fig. 16C). Vascular bundles in 5–6 alternating cycles (Fig. 16A). Peripheral, transitional, and central vascular bundles surrounded by a sclerenchyma sheath defining their contour (Figs. 16D–F). Ovate central vascular bundles, 309 ×304 μm; two round shaped metaxylem vessels, 75 × 83 μm; phloem with sieve tubes and companion cells located between two metaxylem vessels on the upper level, 78 × 98 µm; sieve tubes 19 × 20 µm (Fig. 16F). Ground parenchyma with abundant starch grains. Frequent conical silica bodies across the ground tissue occupying intercellular spaces covering a mean area of 10 µm 2 (Fig. 16B).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87BFFFFA0C14FF452ACBFEEFFC6B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	García-Martínez, Miguel A.;Terrazas, Teresa;Sánchez, Daniel;Reyes, Pablo Carrillo-;Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo	García-Martínez, Miguel A., Terrazas, Teresa, Sánchez, Daniel, Reyes, Pablo Carrillo-, Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo (2023): Culm anatomy of the genus Otatea (Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Bambuseae, Guaduinae) as a contribution to Mexican species identification. Phytotaxa 609 (2): 75-102, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.609.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.609.2.1
03AD87BFFFFD0C10FF452C8FFA40FB89.text	03AD87BFFFFD0C10FF452C8FFA40FB89.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Otatea García-Martínez & Terrazas & Sánchez & Reyes & Ruiz-Sanchez 2023	<div><p>Key to Mexican Otatea species based on culm characters in cross section</p><p>1. Culm hollow .......................................................................................................................................................................................2</p><p>- Culm solid ..........................................................................................................................................................................................5</p><p>2. Transitional and central vascular bundles with fiber sheath composed of cells with strongly lignified walls...................................3</p><p>- Transitional and central vascular bundles with fiber sheath composed of cells with weakly lignified walls ....................................4</p><p>3. Vascular cycles 5–6; depressed central vascular bundles............................................................................................. O. reynosoana</p><p>- Vascular cycles 9–10; ovate central vascular bundles....................................................................................................... O. victoriae</p><p>4. Vascular cycles 10–11; frequent amorphous silica bodies occupying cellular spaces on fiber sheath; conical silica bodies absent... ........................................................................................................................................................................................... O. carrilloi</p><p>- Vascular cycles 8–9; sporadic amorphous silica bodies occupying cellular spaces on fiber sheath; intercellular conical silica bodies on ground tissue occupying and area of 6 (4–7) µm 2 ........................................................................................................... O. glauca</p><p>5. Transitional and central vascular bundles with fibr sheath composed of cells with strongly lignified walls ....................................6</p><p>- Transitional and central vascular bundles with fiber sheath composed of cells with weakly lignified walls ...... O. acuminata OAX</p><p>6. Thick epidermis 22 (20–23) µm and thick cortex 84 (73–93) µm and these two structures strongly and equally lignified ............... ................................................................................................................................................................................... Otatea sp. nov. 2</p><p>- Thin epidermis (&lt;20 µm) and variable size cortex (≤ 77 µm) and these two layers with different patterns of lignification ...........7</p><p>7. Absence of conical silica bodies in ground tissue..............................................................................................................................8</p><p>- Presence of conical silica bodies in ground tissue............................................................................................................................10</p><p>8. Elliptical central vascular bundles with frequent amorphous silica bodies occupying cellular spaces on fiber sheaths ..................... ................................................................................................................................................................................. O. transvolcanica</p><p>- Ovate central vascular bundles with sporadic amorphous silica bodies occupying cellular spaces on fiber sheaths ........................9</p><p>9. Cortex with 3–4 layers of thick-walled rounded cells, followed by 1–2 layers of thinner-walled rounded cells (5–6 layers in total, 41 (37–45) µm length)............................................................................................................................................ O. acuminata JAL</p><p>- Thin cortex with a layer of narrow thick-walled rounded cells followed by 2 layers of wider, thinner-walled, ovoidal cells (3 layers in total, 27 (23–31) µm length) ................................................................................................................................. Otatea sp. nov. 1</p><p>10. Thick cortex&gt; 65µm ........................................................................................................................................................................11</p><p>- Thin cortex ≤ 40 µm ........................................................................................................................................................................12</p><p>11. Vascular bundles in 8–9 cycles; epidermis with axially elongated silica bodies .................................................. O. acuminata AGS</p><p>- Vascular bundles in 11–12 cycles; epidermis with frequent squared to rectangular silica bodies and prickle hairs on top ................ .......................................................................................................................................................................................... O. fimbriata</p><p>12. Absence of amorphous silica bodies occupying cellular spaces on fiber sheaths; vascular bundles in 5–6 cycles.........................13</p><p>- Presence of amorphous silica bodies occupying cellular spaces on fiber sheaths; vascular bundles in 9–11 cycles.......................14</p><p>13. Broadly depressed central vascular bundles, 180 (167–198) × 260 (243–281) µm............................................... O. rzedowskiorum</p><p>- Ovate central vascular bundles; 309 (280–325) × 304 (261–330) μm.............................................................................. O. ximenae</p><p>14. Ovate central vascular bundles, 275 (245–309) × 297 (256–317) μm ............................................................................. O. ramirezii</p><p>- Elliptical central vascular bundles; 484 (477–488) × 446 (427–466) μm............................................................. O. acuminata VER</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87BFFFFD0C10FF452C8FFA40FB89	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	García-Martínez, Miguel A.;Terrazas, Teresa;Sánchez, Daniel;Reyes, Pablo Carrillo-;Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo	García-Martínez, Miguel A., Terrazas, Teresa, Sánchez, Daniel, Reyes, Pablo Carrillo-, Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo (2023): Culm anatomy of the genus Otatea (Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Bambuseae, Guaduinae) as a contribution to Mexican species identification. Phytotaxa 609 (2): 75-102, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.609.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.609.2.1
