identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03AD87DAFFDEAE5FFF0237C4FAF54BBF.text	03AD87DAFFDEAE5FFF0237C4FAF54BBF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Conglobatus fullertoni T. R. Smith 2020	<div><p>Conglobatus fullertoni T. R. Smith</p> <p>(Fig. 10–13, 22–28)</p> <p>Conglobatus fullertoni T. R. Smith 2020: 11–14.</p> <p>Distribution. West Indies (Dominica).</p> <p>Hosts. Unknown.</p> <p>Remarks. Nothing is known about the biology of this species. Only one specimen is known, and it was collected during the Bredin-Archbold-Smithsonian Biological Survey of Dominica in 1965 (Anonymous 2022).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87DAFFDEAE5FFF0237C4FAF54BBF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Smith, Trevor Randall	Smith, Trevor Randall (2022): Review of the Cybocephalidae (Coleoptera) of North America and the West Indies with descriptions of two new species of Cybocephalus Erichson. Insecta Mundi 2022 (950): 1-35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300614
03AD87DAFFDEAE5FFF02370FFA9F4AE2.text	03AD87DAFFDEAE5FFF02370FFA9F4AE2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Conglobatus T. R. Smith 2020	<div><p>Conglobatus T. R. Smith, 2020</p> <p>(Fig. 1–3, 10–13)</p> <p>Conglobatus T. R. Smith 2020: 8. Type Species: Conglobatus armatus T. R. Smith 2020: 8–11; by original designation.</p> <p>Distribution. West Indies (Dominica), Central America (Panama) and South America (Ecuador, Peru).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87DAFFDEAE5FFF02370FFA9F4AE2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Smith, Trevor Randall	Smith, Trevor Randall (2022): Review of the Cybocephalidae (Coleoptera) of North America and the West Indies with descriptions of two new species of Cybocephalus Erichson. Insecta Mundi 2022 (950): 1-35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300614
03AD87DAFFDEAE5CFF02352BFE3E4BAC.text	03AD87DAFFDEAE5CFF02352BFE3E4BAC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cybocephalus Erichson 1844	<div><p>Cybocephalus Erichson, 1844</p> <p>(Fig. 4–6, 14–17)</p> <p>Cybocephalus Erichson 1844: 441. Type Species: Anistoma exigua C. R. Sahlberg 1834: 473; by subsequent designation of Endrödy-Younga 1968: 37. [= Nitidula polita Gyllenhal 1813: 680; synonymy by Reitter 1874: 6].</p> <p>Phantazomerus Jaquelin Du Val 1854: xxxvii. Type species: Phantazomerus aeneiceps Jaquelin Du Val 1854: xxxviii; by monotypy. Synonymy by Jaquelin Du Val 1858: 151.</p> <p>Stagonomorpha Wollaston 1854: 482. Type species: Stagonomorpha sphaerula Wollaston 1854: 484 – 485; by subsequent designation of Smith 2020: 14. Synonymy by Wollaston 1864: 115 – 116.</p> <p>Acribis Waterhouse 1877: 78. Type species: Acribis serrativentris Waterhouse 1877: 78; by monotypy. Synonymy by Champion 1913: 70 – 71.</p> <p>Dissia Chobaut 1896: 167. Type species: Dissia albopilosa Chobaut 1896:167 – 168; by monotypy. Synonymy by EndrödyYounga 1968: 39.</p> <p>Nodola Brèthes 1925: 198 – 199. Type species Nodola chilensis Brèthes 1925: 200; by monotypy. Synonymy by Smith 2020: 14.</p> <p>Distribution. Worldwide.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87DAFFDEAE5CFF02352BFE3E4BAC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Smith, Trevor Randall	Smith, Trevor Randall (2022): Review of the Cybocephalidae (Coleoptera) of North America and the West Indies with descriptions of two new species of Cybocephalus Erichson. Insecta Mundi 2022 (950): 1-35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300614
03AD87DAFFDDAE5CFF02353AFD8049DC.text	03AD87DAFFDDAE5CFF02353AFD8049DC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cybocephalus aciculatus Champion 1913	<div><p>Cybocephalus aciculatus Champion</p> <p>(Fig. 29–32)</p> <p>Cybocephalus aciculatus Champion, 1913: 71.</p> <p>Distribution. Mexico (Mexico City, Tamaulipas) and Central America (Belize).</p> <p>Hosts. Unknown.</p> <p>Remarks. No males of this species have been collected. Therefore, identification is difficult without distinctive male genitalia. However, the antennae of this species are quite diagnostic (Fig. 29), which allows this beetle to be positively identified and separated from others in North America and the West Indies. The single specimen collected in Belize was captured in a Lindgren funnel trap in an upland forest habitat. For a full description of this species, see Smith and Cave (2007b).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87DAFFDDAE5CFF02353AFD8049DC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Smith, Trevor Randall	Smith, Trevor Randall (2022): Review of the Cybocephalidae (Coleoptera) of North America and the West Indies with descriptions of two new species of Cybocephalus Erichson. Insecta Mundi 2022 (950): 1-35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300614
03AD87DAFFDCAE5DFF023027FAE74A7C.text	03AD87DAFFDCAE5DFF023027FAE74A7C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cybocephalus antilleus T. R. Smith in T. R. Smith & Cave 2007	<div><p>Cybocephalus antilleus T. R. Smith</p> <p>(Fig. 33–36)</p> <p>Cybocephalus antilleus T. R. Smith in Smith and Cave 2007a: 166–167.</p> <p>Distribution. West Indies (Dominica).</p> <p>Hosts. Unknown.</p> <p>Remarks. Of the three known specimens of this species, two were collected in Malaise traps, and one was collected beating vegetation. All three specimens were collected in June, although the specimen collected by beating came ten years after the collection of the other two. All three were collected in heavily forested habitats.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87DAFFDCAE5DFF023027FAE74A7C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Smith, Trevor Randall	Smith, Trevor Randall (2022): Review of the Cybocephalidae (Coleoptera) of North America and the West Indies with descriptions of two new species of Cybocephalus Erichson. Insecta Mundi 2022 (950): 1-35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300614
03AD87DAFFDCAE5DFF02376AFEA04B08.text	03AD87DAFFDCAE5DFF02376AFEA04B08.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cybocephalus beverlyae T. R. Smith in T. R. Smith & Cave 2007	<div><p>Cybocephalus beverlyae T. R. Smith</p> <p>(Fig. 37–40)</p> <p>Cybocephalus beverlyae T. R. Smith in Smith and Cave 2007b: 842.</p> <p>Distribution. Mexico (Sinaloa).</p> <p>Hosts. Unknown.</p> <p>Remarks. The type series was collected in July and August in a forest habitat in the Sierra Madre Occidental mountain range.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87DAFFDCAE5DFF02376AFEA04B08	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Smith, Trevor Randall	Smith, Trevor Randall (2022): Review of the Cybocephalidae (Coleoptera) of North America and the West Indies with descriptions of two new species of Cybocephalus Erichson. Insecta Mundi 2022 (950): 1-35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300614
03AD87DAFFDCAE5DFF02365FFBE449D0.text	03AD87DAFFDCAE5DFF02365FFBE449D0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cybocephalus californicus Horn	<div><p>Cybocephalus californicus Horn</p> <p>(Fig. 14–17, 41–53)</p> <p>Cybocephalus californicus Horn 1879: 320–321.</p> <p>Distribution. Throughout North America, west of the Mississippi River from British Columbia, Canada, south to central Mexico, and east to Oklahoma and Texas.</p> <p>Hosts. Aleyrodidae: unidentified species; Coccidae: Lecanium corni Bouché; Diaspididae: Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell), Chionaspis pinifolia (Fitch), Diaspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock), Diaspis echinocacti (Bouch é), Diaspis manzanitae Whitney, Lepidosaphes beckii (Newman), Mercetaspis halli (Green), Parlatoria blanchardi TargioniTozzetti; Phoenicoccidae: Phoenicoccus marlatti Cockerell; Pseudococcidae: Ehrhornia cupressi (Ehrhorn).</p> <p>Remarks. This is the most common species of Cybocephalus in western North America and is well represented in most North American collections. There seems to be a species cline between C. californicus and C. nigritulus along the Sierra Nevada mountain range. While the basal plate (Fig. 53) of this phenotype bears some resemblance to that of C. nigritulus (Fig. 109), the shape of the protibia (Fig. 52) is clearly that of C. californicus (Fig. 43), and the median lobe is indistinguishable from C. californicus. Therefore, this phenotype is considered to be C. californicus. For a full description of this species, see Smith and Cave (2006a).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87DAFFDCAE5DFF02365FFBE449D0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Smith, Trevor Randall	Smith, Trevor Randall (2022): Review of the Cybocephalidae (Coleoptera) of North America and the West Indies with descriptions of two new species of Cybocephalus Erichson. Insecta Mundi 2022 (950): 1-35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300614
03AD87DAFFDBAE5AFF02353BFBE049DC.text	03AD87DAFFDBAE5AFF02353BFBE049DC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cybocephalus championi T. R. Smith in T. R. Smith & Cave 2007	<div><p>Cybocephalus championi T. R. Smith</p> <p>(Fig. 54–63)</p> <p>Cybocephalus championi T. R. Smith in Smith and Cave, 2007b: 843–844.</p> <p>Distribution. Mexico (Jalisco); USA (Florida).</p> <p>Hosts. Diaspididae: Diaspis echinocacti (Bouch é).</p> <p>Remarks. Cybocephalus championi was first described from Mexico in 2007 (Smith and Cave 2007b). Subsequent to that publication, specimens were found in the FSCA that were collected in the Florida Keys, an island chain off the coast of southern Florida. These specimens were collected feeding on Diaspis echinocacti (Bouché) on Opuntia sp. Additional specimens have been found in various collections from the southwestern USA. While similar to C. nigritulus, the genitalia of this species remain quite consistent and distinct.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87DAFFDBAE5AFF02353BFBE049DC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Smith, Trevor Randall	Smith, Trevor Randall (2022): Review of the Cybocephalidae (Coleoptera) of North America and the West Indies with descriptions of two new species of Cybocephalus Erichson. Insecta Mundi 2022 (950): 1-35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300614
03AD87DAFFD8AE47FF0233F0FC6A4F69.text	03AD87DAFFD8AE47FF0233F0FC6A4F69.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cybocephalus edmondsoni Smith 2022	<div><p>Cybocephalus edmondsoni T. R. Smith, new species</p> <p>(Fig. 64–70)</p> <p>Etymology. This species is named in honor of my maternal grandfather Mr. Frank Edmonson, a collector of coins rather than insects but a taxonomist all the same. I will never forget sitting with him in his office, pouring over old, faded coins with a magnifying glass and carefully cataloging everything we found.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Body convex and ovate. Antennae with 11 antennomeres, an asymmetrical, 3-antennomere club with serrated inner margin, and a truncate terminal antennomere (Fig. 64). Head large and produced. Elytron rounded at apex and almost truncate. Hindwings present. Femora of uniform width throughout and tibiae only slightly dilated at apical end (Fig. 65–67). Metaventrite only slightly longer than mesoventrite and widest in the middle. Abdominal ventrite I longer than abdominal ventrites II-IV combined with a truncate apical projection between the metacoxae with a slightly convex apical margin. Tarsi with distinctly lobed tarsomeres (Fig. 65–67).</p> <p>Description. Length (excluding head) 1.02 mm, width 0.77 mm.</p> <p>Male. Body small and ovate. Coloration: head dark brown to black and slightly aeneous with light brown clypeus, antennae and palpi. Pronotum, scutellar shield and elytra dark brown to black. Underside brown and clothed in thick setae with brown legs. Translucent yellowish border along the lateral lobe of the pronotum. Translucent yellowish border beginning just after the epipleural fold and expanding in width towards the apices of the elytron.</p> <p>Head wide and produced (width = 0.57 mm; length = 0.48 mm), width 1.2x the length, deflexed; antennal fossae bordered and deeply emarginated, inwardly sloping for reception of scape. Surface alutaceous and impunctate in the posterior half, becoming sparsely punctate on frons and towards the apical portion of head, interspaces alutaceous except for the clypeus, which is smooth. Antennae with 11 antennomeres, asymmetrical, 3-antennomere club with serrated inner margin and terminal antennomere truncate and wider than long. Antennomere III longer than pedicel and as long or longer than antennomeres IV and V combined. Scape expanded medially and pedicel globular (Fig. 64). Antennal length about 0.66× the width of the head. Clypeus long and produced, extending well beyond apex of eyes, with slightly convex apical margin. Labrum partially exposed and visible from above with apical margin bilobed. Eyes ovate, length 0.19, visible ventrally, with distinct ommatidia. Mandibles heavily built and moderately produced. Maxillary palpi dilated with ultimate palpomere conical and gradually narrowing towards apex and about the same length as the preceding palpomere. Labial palpi dilated with ultimate palpomere cylindrical with a truncate apical margin.</p> <p>Pronotum strongly convex, 2× as wide as long; lateral margins in dorsal view arcuate converging anteriorly. Lateral lobe deplanate, anterolateral and lateral margin distinctly bordered; both lateral angles rounded creating an almost rectangular lateral lobe that is slightly explanate; surface alutaceous and minutely punctured with short recumbent sparse setae; interspaces alutaceous. Scutellar shield large and triangular with slightly convex margins and alutaceous on the surface.</p> <p>Elytra evenly convex in lateral aspect, combined width wider than long (1.25× as wide as long). Suture distinctly bordered from scutellar shield all the way to the base. Lateral portions strongly deplanate, almost vertical. Epipleural fold narrowly visible and without setae. Punctures of elytral disc larger than on pronotum, generally distinct and evenly distributed with overall surface alutaceous. Apical margins separately arcuate and pointed almost truncate at apex. Hindwings present.</p> <p>Proventrite strongly carinate in middle with a posteriorly pointing lobe. Mesoventrite asetose, depressed and slightly shorter than metaventrite. Metaventrite 2.6× wider than long and longest in the center. Metaventrite slightly convex, uniformly punctate and setose; setae long and numerous throughout. Inter-metacoxal distance 1.4× as wide as inter-mesocoxal distance. Inter-mesocoxal distance with the apical process of metaventrite coming to a rounded point and separating the mesocoxae. Abdominal ventrites covered with long, brownish setae; anterior process of abdominal ventrite I wide, truncate; femoral lines strongly expressed beyond anterior margin of abdominal ventrite I. Abdominal ventrite I longer than abdominal ventrites II-IV combined. Pygidium broadly rounded at apex and covered in setae.</p> <p>Femora of uniform width throughout length and only metafemora expanded but still of uniform width throughout. Tibiae with curved outer margin and width expanding towards apex. All tibiae expanded towards apical margin. Tarsomeres lobed, claws simple. Terminal tarsomere longest and about as long as tarsomeres II – III combined (Fig. 65–67).</p> <p>Median lobe: Long and narrow with sides parallel and curving into a rounded point (Fig. 68). In profile, slightly curved from middle (Fig. 69). Median plate only slightly elevated (Fig. 69). Basal plate: Lateral margins slightly concave, curving out and truncate at the apex. Apical margin crenulate with long, distinct setae at the latero-apical margin (Fig. 70).</p> <p>Female. Similar to male but with abdominal ventrite V longer than in male and with more tapered lateral margins of the pygidium.</p> <p>Distribution. USA (Texas).</p> <p>Hosts. Unknown.</p> <p>Type material examined. The holotype, deposited in the USNM, is a partially disarticulated male specimen glued to a card with the following labels: Texas, Wickham Collection, 1933 (printed) [white rectangular label] / Tex (handwritten) [white rectangular label] / HOLOTYPE Cybocephalus edmondsoni T. R. Smith Det: Trevor Smith (printed) [red rectangular label]. The allotype, deposited in the USNM, is a female specimen glued to a card with the following labels: Texas, Wickham Collection, 1933 (printed) [white rectangular label] / Tex (handwritten) / ALLOTYPE Cybocephalus edmondsoni T. R. Smith Det: Trevor Smith (printed) [blue rectangular label]. Paratypes: TEXAS: Wickham Collection, 1933 (4♀, USNM; 3♀, FSCA); Brewster County, Big Bend National Park, (lower) Oak Spring; 29 ° 16′58″N, 103 ° 20′32″W; VI-20-2004; 3,830 ft.; Coll: E. G. Riley-43 (1♂, FSCA).</p> <p>Remarks. Nothing is known about the biology of this species.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87DAFFD8AE47FF0233F0FC6A4F69	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Smith, Trevor Randall	Smith, Trevor Randall (2022): Review of the Cybocephalidae (Coleoptera) of North America and the West Indies with descriptions of two new species of Cybocephalus Erichson. Insecta Mundi 2022 (950): 1-35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300614
03AD87DAFFC6AE47FF02327EFDDD4AB8.text	03AD87DAFFC6AE47FF02327EFDDD4AB8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cybocephalus geoffreysmithi T. R. Smith in T. R. Smith & Cave 2007	<div><p>Cybocephalus geoffreysmithi T. R. Smith</p> <p>(Fig. 71–80)</p> <p>Cybocephalus geoffreysmithi T. R. Smith in Smith and Cave 2007a: 168–169.</p> <p>Cybocephalus caribaeus T. R. Smith in Smith and Cave 2007a: 167–168; new synonymy.</p> <p>Distribution. West Indies (Curaçao, Jamaica), Central America (Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Panama), South America (Colombia, Trinidad, Venezuela).</p> <p>Hosts. Dactylopiidae: Dactylopius sp.; Diaspididae: Diaspis boisduvalii Signoret.</p> <p>Remarks. In the West Indies and Trinidad, specimens were collected in urban and natural areas, often associated with Stachytarpheta sp. (Verbenaceae). In Central and South America, specimens were collected on cultivated fruit crops such as papaya (Carica papaya L.), cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and banana (Musa sp.), undoubtedly feeding on the associated scale insects. Interestingly, this species has been collected in various traps, including flight intercept yellow pan traps in coastal desert scrub habitats of Cura çao, black light/mercury vapor traps in Guatemala and castor oil traps in Venezuela. A series of over 50 specimens were collected in Honduras feeding on Dactylopius sp. (Datcylopiidae), infesting Opuntia sp. (Cactaceae).</p> <p>Taxonomy. Cybocephalus caribaeus T. R. Smith is treated herein as a synonym of C. geoffreysmithi. A large series of this species from Honduras was found after the original descriptions of both species were published (Smith and Cave 2007a). Additional specimens from Guatemala and Panama were also examined and compared to the holotypes of both species. After a detailed examination of all material, it is clear that these two species are, in fact, one. There is some natural variation in the male genitalia that led to the original separation of the two species; however, the basic structure of the male genitalia is identical, and no differences can be found in the shape of the legs and antennae. The most distinctive characteristic of this species is the notched lateral margins of the median lobe (Fig. 75, 76). This characteristic is not found in any other species of Cybocephalus in the Western Hemisphere. The apical margin of the basal plate (originally used to separate the two species) varies from rounded, slightly flattened, or slightly emarginate. However, considering that all other morphological aspects of the two are identical, this is regarded as intraspecific variation. Based on these characters, C. caribaeus should be treated as a synonym of C. geoffreysmithi.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87DAFFC6AE47FF02327EFDDD4AB8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Smith, Trevor Randall	Smith, Trevor Randall (2022): Review of the Cybocephalidae (Coleoptera) of North America and the West Indies with descriptions of two new species of Cybocephalus Erichson. Insecta Mundi 2022 (950): 1-35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300614
03AD87DAFFC6AE47FF02362FFCAA4BB1.text	03AD87DAFFC6AE47FF02362FFCAA4BB1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cybocephalus huastecus T. R. Smith in T. R. Smith & Cave 2007	<div><p>Cybocephalus huastecus T. R. Smith</p> <p>(Fig. 81–84)</p> <p>Cybocephalus huastecus T. R. Smith in Smith and Cave 2007b: 844–845.</p> <p>Distribution. Mexico (Tamaulipas).</p> <p>Hosts. Unknown.</p> <p>Remarks. Nothing is known about the biology of this species.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87DAFFC6AE47FF02362FFCAA4BB1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Smith, Trevor Randall	Smith, Trevor Randall (2022): Review of the Cybocephalidae (Coleoptera) of North America and the West Indies with descriptions of two new species of Cybocephalus Erichson. Insecta Mundi 2022 (950): 1-35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300614
03AD87DAFFC6AE45FF053536FBEF4DEA.text	03AD87DAFFC6AE45FF053536FBEF4DEA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cybocephalus iviei T. R. Smith in T. R. Smith & Cave 2007	<div><p>Cybocephalus iviei T. R. Smith (Fig. 85–92)</p> <p>Cybocephalus iviei T. R. Smith in Smith and Cave 2007a: 169–170.</p> <p>Distribution. West Indies (Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands).</p> <p>Hosts. Pseudococcidae: Hypogeococcus pungens Granara de Willink.</p> <p>Remarks. A large series of C. iviei was collected, sifting litter underneath cacti and agave. Cybocephalids are often associated with scale insects feeding on cacti, and it can be inferred that this was why so many of these beetles were found thus. Another series of this beetle was collected in flight intercept traps on Buck Island, U.S. Virgin Islands. This species (published as C. kathrynae) has been documented feeding on the pollen of Mammillaria nivosa Link ex N. D. Pfeiffer and was captured in Puerto Rico feeding on H. pungens (Curbelo-Rodrígues et al. 2012). This is a wingless species, unlike Cybocephalus randalli; no winged phenotypes have been found. Originally this species was determined to be C. kathrynae by the author (Curbelo-Rodrígues et al. 2012). However, upon further examination and with more specimens on hand for dissection, the author has determined that the species recorded in Puerto Rico by Curbelo-Rodrígues et al. (2012) was C. iviei.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87DAFFC6AE45FF053536FBEF4DEA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Smith, Trevor Randall	Smith, Trevor Randall (2022): Review of the Cybocephalidae (Coleoptera) of North America and the West Indies with descriptions of two new species of Cybocephalus Erichson. Insecta Mundi 2022 (950): 1-35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300614
03AD87DAFFC4AE45FF0230FDFE804BFE.text	03AD87DAFFC4AE45FF0230FDFE804BFE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cybocephalus kathrynae T. R. Smith in T. R. Smith & Cave 2006	<div><p>Cybocephalus kathrynae T. R. Smith</p> <p>(Fig. 93–100)</p> <p>Cybocephalus kathrynae T. R. Smith in Smith and Cave 2006a: 783–784.</p> <p>Distribution. USA (Florida).</p> <p>Hosts. Unknown.</p> <p>Remarks. Virtually every specimen collected in Florida has come from sifting sand and leaf litter at the base of grass clumps. A single specimen was found in Florida within a Solenopsis geminata (Fabricius) (Formicidae) nest as part of a tropical fire ant faunal study. This ant species is known to tend honeydew-producing insects (Tschinkel 2006), which may have brought them into contact with C. kathrynae feeding on said homopterans. This is a wingless species; unlike Cybocephalus randalli, no winged phenotypes have been found. Based on this physiological characteristic, pitfall trapping may be an effective collection technique in the proper habitat. Several large series of the wingless phenotypes of C. randalli have been collected in Baja California, Mexico using pitfall traps (Smith 2020).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87DAFFC4AE45FF0230FDFE804BFE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Smith, Trevor Randall	Smith, Trevor Randall (2022): Review of the Cybocephalidae (Coleoptera) of North America and the West Indies with descriptions of two new species of Cybocephalus Erichson. Insecta Mundi 2022 (950): 1-35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300614
03AD87DAFFC4AE45FF0236E9FC28492D.text	03AD87DAFFC4AE45FF0236E9FC28492D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cybocephalus nigritulus LeConte	<div><p>Cybocephalus nigritulus LeConte</p> <p>(Fig. 101–111)</p> <p>Cybocephalus nigritulus LeConte 1863: 64.</p> <p>Distribution. In most of North America, this species is found east of the Mississippi River from Ontario, Canada, to Florida, USA. However, in the southern USA, C. nigritulus can be found along the northern coast of the Gulf of Mexico west of the Mississippi River and stretching south into Mexico.</p> <p>Hosts. Dactylopiidae: Dactylopius sp.; Diaspididae: Chionaspis pinifolia (Fitch), Fiorinia theae Green, Pseudaulacaspis cockerelli (Cooley), Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Targioni-Tozzetti).</p> <p>Remarks. Like C. californicus, this species is commonly found in North American insect collections. Cybocephalus nigritulus is often found in large numbers where plants are heavily infested with the above-mentioned scale insects. Aspirating the beetles directly off the plants is the most effective collecting technique in these circumstances. For a full description of this species, see Smith and Cave (2006a).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87DAFFC4AE45FF0236E9FC28492D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Smith, Trevor Randall	Smith, Trevor Randall (2022): Review of the Cybocephalidae (Coleoptera) of North America and the West Indies with descriptions of two new species of Cybocephalus Erichson. Insecta Mundi 2022 (950): 1-35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300614
03AD87DAFFC0AE41FF0233F0FD024A8A.text	03AD87DAFFC0AE41FF0233F0FD024A8A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cybocephalus nipponicus Endrody-Younga	<div><p>Cybocephalus nipponicus Endrödy-Younga</p> <p>(Fig. 4–6, 112–119)</p> <p>Cybocephalus nipponicus Endrödy-Younga 1971: 244–245.</p> <p>Distribution. Throughout the USA and West Indies.</p> <p>Hosts. Diaspidae: Aonidiella aurantia (Maskell), Aspidiotus destructor Signoret, Aulacaspis crawii (Cockerell), Aulacaspis tubercularis Newstead, Aulacaspis yasumatsui Takagi, Carulaspis visci (Schrank), Chrysomphalus bifasciculatus Ferris, Diaspidiotus macropranus (Takagi), Fiorinia externa Ferris, Fiorinia phantasma Cockerell and Robinson, Hemiberlesia lataniae (Signoret), Hemichonaspis sp., Lepidosaphes beckii (Newman), Pseudaulacaspis cockerelli (Cooley), Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Targioni-Tozzetti), Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock), Unaspis euonymi (Comstock), Unaspis yanonensis Kuwana; Tetranychidae: Panonychus citri (McGregor).</p> <p>Remarks. This species is used extensively as a biological control agent (Smith and Cave 2006a, b). While native to Asia and the South Pacific, it has been released throughout the U.S. and West Indies to control scale insects. Cybocepahlus nipponicus was brought into California to control A. aurantii and L. beckii as early as 1932, were mass-reared in the Orange County Insectary, and were successfully established (Flanders 1934; Rosen and DeBach 1978). Later from 1947–1951, over 261,000 C. nipponicus were reared in the Fontana Laboratory and shipped to Bermuda to help control C. visci (Sellers 1959). In both cases, these beetles were brought in from southern China, and Rosen and DeBach (1978) speculated that they were “probably gibbulus Erich. ” However, after examining several of the original specimens of both the Orange County Insectary and Fontana Laboratory, the author has determined definitively that the species reared in these facilities was, in fact, C. nipponicus. Additionally, the author examined the cybocephalid beetles released in South Africa and published as “ Cybocephalus binotatus Grouvelle ” (Labuschagne et al. 1996; Le Lagadec 2004). This species, released to control A. tubercularis, is also C. nipponicus and was misidentified as C. binotatus. The confusion over the identification of C. binotatus and C. nipponicus is explained in detail in Smith and Cave (2006a, b). In the eastern USA, C. nipponicus was the focus of control programs for the euonymus scale, U. euonymi in the eastern US and the cycad aulacaspis scale, A. yasumatsui in Florida and the West Indies (Alvarez and Van Driesche 1998a, b; Smith and Cave 2006b). Recently, C. nipponicus was found to be the primary predator of the newly introduced F. phantasma high in the canopy of Canary Island date palms (Phoenix canariensis Hort) in southern Florida (Ahmed et al. 2021). For a full description of this species, see Smith and Cave (2006a).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87DAFFC0AE41FF0233F0FD024A8A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Smith, Trevor Randall	Smith, Trevor Randall (2022): Review of the Cybocephalidae (Coleoptera) of North America and the West Indies with descriptions of two new species of Cybocephalus Erichson. Insecta Mundi 2022 (950): 1-35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300614
03AD87DAFFC0AE41FF0237DBFBAD491F.text	03AD87DAFFC0AE41FF0237DBFBAD491F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cybocephalus randalli T. R. Smith in T. R. Smith & Cave 2006	<div><p>Cybocephalus randalli T. R. Smith</p> <p>(Fig. 120–130)</p> <p>Cybocephalus randalli T. R. Smith in Smith and Cave 2006a: 788–790.</p> <p>Distribution. Throughout western North America, from Washington south to the tip of Baja California, Mexico, and as far east as Texas.</p> <p>Hosts. Unknown.</p> <p>Remarks. This species has wingless, reduced wing, and winged phenotypes similar to C. minimus Grouvelle, C. mauritiensis Vinson (Vinson 1959) and C. seminulum Baudi (Endrödy-Younga 1968). These three phenotypes are identical in almost all respects, including male genitalia. The only difference is the presence of fully developed hindwings, abbreviated hindwings, or absence of hindwings, and the metanotum’s shape. The wingless phenotype has a long metanotal process but is extremely reduced in the basal region, matching that of other wingless species (Fig. 92, 100, 129), and both the reduced wing and winged phenotypes have a fully developed metanotum consistent with other winged species (Fig. 111, 119, 130). The metanotum plays a significant role in hindwing muscle attachment and function, and therefore, metanotal morphology would be drastically different between winged and unwinged phenotypes. The wingless phenotype is most often collected in arid desert habitats, and series of hundreds of specimens have been collected in pitfall traps in Baja California, Mexico.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87DAFFC0AE41FF0237DBFBAD491F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Smith, Trevor Randall	Smith, Trevor Randall (2022): Review of the Cybocephalidae (Coleoptera) of North America and the West Indies with descriptions of two new species of Cybocephalus Erichson. Insecta Mundi 2022 (950): 1-35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300614
03AD87DAFFCDAE4CFF023040FE814A32.text	03AD87DAFFCDAE4CFF023040FE814A32.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cybocephalus schwarzi Champion	<div><p>Cybocephalus schwarzi Champion</p> <p>(Fig. 131–134)</p> <p>Cybocephalus schwarzi Champion 1913: 72.</p> <p>Distribution. Mexico (Tamaulipas).</p> <p>Hosts. Unknown.</p> <p>Remarks. Nothing is known about the biology of this species. For a full description of this species, see Smith and Cave (2007b).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87DAFFCDAE4CFF023040FE814A32	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Smith, Trevor Randall	Smith, Trevor Randall (2022): Review of the Cybocephalidae (Coleoptera) of North America and the West Indies with descriptions of two new species of Cybocephalus Erichson. Insecta Mundi 2022 (950): 1-35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300614
03AD87DAFFCDAE4BFF0237B5FB7A4F0E.text	03AD87DAFFCDAE4BFF0237B5FB7A4F0E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cybocephalus skelleyi Smith 2022	<div><p>Cybocephalus skelleyi T. R. Smith, new species</p> <p>(Fig. 135–143)</p> <p>Etymology. This species is named in honor of Dr. Paul Skelley, whose passion for taxonomy, systematics and natural history is second to none. He is the most inspiring scientist and entomologist I have ever met, and it has been my honor to work alongside him in the Florida State Collection of Arthropods for over 20 years.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Body convex and ovate. Antennae with 11 antennomeres, with an asymmetrical, 3-antennomere club with serrated inner margin and a truncate terminal antennomere (Fig. 135). Head large and wide. Elytron pointed at apex rather than truncate with a very small notch at the tip in both males and females. Hindwings present. Legs, both femora and tibiae not dilated (Fig. 136 – 138). Metaventrite almost the same length in the middle as the lateral margins, only slightly longer at the lateral edge. Metaventrite only slightly longer than mesoventrite. Abdominal ventrite I longer than abdominal ventrites II-IV, combined with a truncate apical projection between the metacoxae. Tarsi with distinctly lobed tarsomeres (Fig. 136 – 138).</p> <p>Description. Length (excluding head) 1.10 mm, width 0.80 mm.</p> <p>Male. Body small and ovate. Coloration: head light brown at base and becoming darker brown towards the clypeus. Pronotum, scutellar shield and elytra brown. Antennae light brown. Underside brown and clothed in thick setae, palpi and legs brown. Translucent yellowish border along the lateral lobe of the pronotum. Translucent yellowish border beginning just after the epipleural fold and expanding in width towards the apices of the elytron.</p> <p>Head wide and produced (width = 0.58 mm; length = 0.43 mm), width 1.3× the length, deflexed; antennal fossae bordered and deeply emarginated, inwardly sloping for reception of scape. Surface alutaceous and impunctate in the posterior half, becoming minutely and sparsely punctate on frons and towards the apical portion of head, interspaces alutaceous. Margin of genae narrowly visible. Antennae with 11 antennomeres, asymmetrical, 3-antennomere club with serrated inner margin and a truncate terminal antennomere. Antennomere III longer than pedicel but shorter than antennomeres IV and V combined. Scape expanded medially and pedicel globular (Fig. 135). Antennal length about 0.87× the width of the head. Clypeus long and produced, extending well beyond apex of eyes, with slightly convex apical margin. Labrum visible from above with apical margin bilobed. Eyes ovate, length 0.19 mm, visible ventrally, with distinct ommatidia. Mandibles heavily built and moderately produced. Maxillary palpi dilated with ultimate palpomere conical and gradually narrowing towards apex and about the same length as the preceding palpomere. Labial palpi dilated with ultimate palpomere cylindrical with a truncate apical margin and about twice the length of preceding palpomere.</p> <p>Pronotum strongly convex, 1.75× as wide as long; lateral margins in dorsal view arcuate converging anteriorly. Lateral lobe deplanate, anterolateral and lateral margin distinctly bordered; both lateral angles rounded creating an almost rectangular lateral lobe that is slightly explanate; surface alutaceous and minutely punctured with short recumbent sparse setae; interspaces smooth. Scutellar shield large and triangular with slightly convex margins and alutaceous on the surface.</p> <p>Elytra evenly convex in lateral aspect, combined width wider than long (1.17× as wide as long). Suture distinctly bordered from scutellar shield all the way to the base. Lateral portions strongly deplanate, almost vertical. Epipleural fold narrowly visible and without setae. Punctures of elytral disc larger than on pronotum, generally distinct and evenly distributed with overall surface alutaceous. Apical margins separately arcuate and pointed at apex with a sinuate margin. Hindwings present.</p> <p>Prosternum strongly carinate in middle. Mesoventrite asetose, depressed and slightly shorter than metaventrite. Metaventrite longer than mesoventrite and 2.6× wider than long. Metaventrite slightly convex, uniformly punctate and setose; setae long and numerous on lateral half becoming smaller and less numerous in the center. Inter-metacoxal distance wide, 2× as wide as inter-mesocoxal distance. Inter-mesocoxal distance narrow with the apical process of metaventrite coming to a rounded point and separating the coxae. Abdominal ventrites covered with long, brownish setae; anterior process of abdominal ventrite I wide, truncate; femoral lines strongly expressed beyond anterior margin of abdominal ventrite I. Abdominal ventrite I longer than abdominal ventrites II-IV combined. Pygidium broadly rounded at apex and covered in setae.</p> <p>Femora wider than tibiae but only slightly expanded. Tibiae with curved margin and expanding slightly towards apex. Tarsomeres lobed, claws simple. Terminal tarsomere longest and longer than tarsomeres II – III combined (Fig. 136–138).</p> <p>Median lobe: Sides parallel and curving into a rounded point, apical curve slightly convex (Fig. 139,142). In profile, slightly curved from middle (Fig. 140, 143). Median plate on surface elevated. Basal plate: Sides parallel and curving into a sharp point with crenulate margins along the pointed apex and long setae along the curved apical margin (Fig. 141).</p> <p>Female. Similar to male but with abdominal ventrite V longer than in male with a more tapered shape to the lateral margins of the pygidium.</p> <p>Distribution. Mexico (Baja California Sur).</p> <p>Hosts. Diaspididae: Diaspis echinocacti (Bouch é)?</p> <p>Type material examined. The holotype, deposited in the UCRC, is a disarticulated male specimen glued to a card with the following labels: Mex. Baja Cal. Sur, Las Barracas, 2-V-1986 (printed) [white rectangular label] / Coll. P. DeBach (printed) [white rectangular label] / Ex. cactus scale on Opuntia cholla (handwritten) [white rectangular label] / HOLOTYPE Cybocephalus skelleyi T. R. Smith Det: Trevor Smith (printed) [red rectangular label]. The allotype, deposited in the UCRC, is a female specimen glued to a card with the following labels: Mex. Baja Cal. Sur, Las Barracas, 2-V-1986 (printed) [white rectangular label] / Coll. P. DeBach (printed) [white rectangular label] / Ex. cactus scale on Opuntia cholla (handwritten) [white rectangular label] / ALLOTYPE Cybocephalus skelleyi T. R. Smith Det: Trevor Smith (printed) [blue rectangular label]. Paratypes: MEXICO: Mexico, Baja California Sur, Las Barracas; 2-V-1986; Coll. P. DeBach; Ex. cactus scale on Opuntia cholla (4♀, UCRC; 2♀, FSCA; 1♀, USNM).</p> <p>Remarks. The aedeagus of the holotype, the only known male, was slightly damaged. Therefore, the author illustrated the median lobe as it actually appears and has been preserved (Fig. 139-140) but also provided illustrations of the median lobe as it most likely looks undamaged (Fig. 142-143). These hypothetical reconstructions are based on the author’s extensive experience with the anatomy and morphology of this beetle family.</p> <p>This species was collected feeding on scale insects labeled as “cactus scale” infesting opuntia cholla. The common name opuntia cholla refers to a group of over 20 species in the genus Opuntia Mill.. Diaspis echinocacti (Bouch é) is commonly referred to as the cactus scale and is most likely what the collector was referring to. Diaspis echinocacti is a known host of C. californicus and C. championi, also occurring in Mexico.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87DAFFCDAE4BFF0237B5FB7A4F0E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Smith, Trevor Randall	Smith, Trevor Randall (2022): Review of the Cybocephalidae (Coleoptera) of North America and the West Indies with descriptions of two new species of Cybocephalus Erichson. Insecta Mundi 2022 (950): 1-35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300614
03AD87DAFFCAAE4BFF023258FEE54CBF.text	03AD87DAFFCAAE4BFF023258FEE54CBF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cybocephalus zakotus T. R. Smith in T. R. Smith & Cave 2007	<div><p>Cybocephalus zakotus T. R. Smith</p> <p>(Fig. 144–152)</p> <p>Cybocephalus zakotus T. R. Smith in Smith and Cave 2007b: 847.</p> <p>Distribution. Western North America from British Columbia, Canada, south to Jalisco, Mexico, and as far east as Texas, USA.</p> <p>Hosts. Diaspididae: Aulacaspis tubercularis Newstead, Chionaspis pinifolia (Fitch).</p> <p>Remarks. A large series of these beetles were found feeding on A. tubercularis infesting mangoes (Mangifera indica L.) in a commercial mango orchard near Las Varas, Mexico. In British Columbia, Canada, this species was collected on Pinus ponderosa Dougl. Ex Laws. with label data stating that the beetles were feeding on immature C. pinifolia.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87DAFFCAAE4BFF023258FEE54CBF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Smith, Trevor Randall	Smith, Trevor Randall (2022): Review of the Cybocephalidae (Coleoptera) of North America and the West Indies with descriptions of two new species of Cybocephalus Erichson. Insecta Mundi 2022 (950): 1-35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300614
03AD87DAFFCAAE4BFF02372AFD314BCE.text	03AD87DAFFCAAE4BFF02372AFD314BCE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pycnocephalus deyrolli (Reitter 1875)	<div><p>Pycnocephalus deyrolli (Reitter)</p> <p>(Fig. 153–160)</p> <p>Pycnocephalus deyrolli (Reitter) 1875: 55 –56. Type species: Cybocephalus deyrolli Reitter 1875: 55–56; by monotypy. Combination by T. R. Smith in Smith and Cave 2007a: 171–172.</p> <p>Distribution. Central America (Nicaragua, Panama) and South America (Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Trinidad, Venezuela).</p> <p>Hosts. Unknown.</p> <p>Remarks. This species is found extensively in Central and South America. It is only included in this publication because Trinidad was combined with the West Indies due to geographic proximity. All specimens collected in Trinidad were collected by hand. Most specimens in Central and South America were collected from sweeping vegetation, beating vegetation, or canopy fogging.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87DAFFCAAE4BFF02372AFD314BCE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Smith, Trevor Randall	Smith, Trevor Randall (2022): Review of the Cybocephalidae (Coleoptera) of North America and the West Indies with descriptions of two new species of Cybocephalus Erichson. Insecta Mundi 2022 (950): 1-35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300614
03AD87DAFFCAAE4BFF023028FA8B4DBC.text	03AD87DAFFCAAE4BFF023028FA8B4DBC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pycnocephalus Sharp 1891	<div><p>Pycnocephalus Sharp</p> <p>(Fig. 7–9, 18–21)</p> <p>Pycnocephalus Sharp 1891: 373. Type species: Pycnocephalus metallicus Sharp 1891: 373; by monotypy.</p> <p>Distribution. Mexico, Central America and South America.</p> <p>Remarks. There are two species described in this genus. However, there are many more undescribed from Central and South America (personal observation). For a full genus description, see Smith and Cave (2007a).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87DAFFCAAE4BFF023028FA8B4DBC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Smith, Trevor Randall	Smith, Trevor Randall (2022): Review of the Cybocephalidae (Coleoptera) of North America and the West Indies with descriptions of two new species of Cybocephalus Erichson. Insecta Mundi 2022 (950): 1-35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300614
03AD87DAFFCAAE48FF023698FE0949DC.text	03AD87DAFFCAAE48FF023698FE0949DC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pycnocephalus metallicus Sharp	<div><p>Pycnocephalus metallicus Sharp</p> <p>(Fig. 7–9, 18–21, 161–168)</p> <p>Pycnocephalus metallicus Sharp 1891: 373.</p> <p>Distribution. Central America (Costa Rica), Mexico, and South America (Bolivia).</p> <p>Hosts. Unknown.</p> <p>Remarks. This is the only representative of this genus in North America. Very little is known about this species. Most specimens observed have been collected by canopy fogging. For a full description of this species, see Smith and Cave (2007b).</p> <p>Figures 144–152. Cybocephalus zakotus T. R. Smith. 144) Antenna. 1 45) Proleg. 1 46) Mesoleg. 147) Metaleg. 148) Median lobe. 149) Median lobe, lateral view, variant. 150) Median lobe, lateral view, variant. 151) Basal plate, variant. 152) Basal plate, variant.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87DAFFCAAE48FF023698FE0949DC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Smith, Trevor Randall	Smith, Trevor Randall (2022): Review of the Cybocephalidae (Coleoptera) of North America and the West Indies with descriptions of two new species of Cybocephalus Erichson. Insecta Mundi 2022 (950): 1-35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300614
