taxonID	type	description	language	source
03ADB025FFF1FF81FC40F9A062FBFAF8.taxon	description	(Figs. 1 A – C, 2 A – E, 8 A, C, D)	en	Mojica, Kendra R., Jensen, Kirsten, Caira, Janine N. (2013): Revision Of Anteropora (Cestoda: Lecanicephalidea) And Descriptions Of Five New Species From Stingrays (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) In Borneo. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 61 (2): 491-506, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5352252
03ADB025FFF1FF81FC40F9A062FBFAF8.taxon	materials_examined	Type and only known host. — Taeniura lymma 1 (sensu Naylor et al., 2012 a) (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) Site of infection. — Spiral intestine Holotype. — MZUM (P) 2013.7 (H) ex Taeniura lymma 1 (sensu Naylor et al., 2012 a) (host no. BO- 127), MALAYSIA: Pulau [= Island] Mabul (04 ° 14 ' N, 118 ° 38 ' E), Sabah, Celebes Sea, 5 May 2003, coll. J. N. Caira & K. Jensen. Paratypes. — Ex Taeniura lymma 1 (sensu Naylor et al., 2012 a), MALAYSIA: Semporna (04 ° 28 ' N, 118 ° 37 ' E), Sabah, Celebes Sea, 27 Jun. 2002 (host no. BO- 86) and Pulau [= Island] Mabul (04 ° 14 ' N, 118 ° 38 ' E), Sabah, Celebes Sea, 5 May 2003 (host nos. BO- 122, BO- 125, BO- 127, BO- 130, BO- 131), INDONESIA: Tanjung Batu (02 ° 16 ' N, 118 ° 06 ' E), East Kalimantan, Sulawesi Sea, Pulau [= Island] Rabu-Rabu (02 ° 19 ' N, 118 ° 07 ' E), East Kalimantan, Celebes Sea, 25 Jul. 2008 (host nos. KA- 418, KA- 419, KA- 420), coll. J. N. Caira & K. Jensen. MZUM (P) 2013.8 (P) – 11 (P) (4 whole mounts) (host nos. BO- 86, BO- 122, BO- 127); MZBCa 178, 179 (2 whole mounts) (host no. KA- 418); ZRC. PAR. 25, 26 (2 whole mounts) (host nos. BO- 130, KA- 419); USNPC 10625 – 10630 (6 whole mounts and proglottid cross-section series) (host nos. BO- 86, BO- 127, BO- 131, KA- 418, KA- 419, KA- 420); LRP 7974 – 7981 (5 whole mounts, and proglottid cross-section series and voucher) (host nos. BO- 125, BO- 127, BO- 130). Three whole worms (host nos. BO- 125, BO- 131) prepared for SEM retained by K. Jensen at the University of Kansas.	en	Mojica, Kendra R., Jensen, Kirsten, Caira, Janine N. (2013): Revision Of Anteropora (Cestoda: Lecanicephalidea) And Descriptions Of Five New Species From Stingrays (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) In Borneo. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 61 (2): 491-506, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5352252
03ADB025FFF1FF81FC40F9A062FBFAF8.taxon	etymology	Etymology. — This species is named in honor of Joanna Cielocha for her support of the senior author throughout this project.	en	Mojica, Kendra R., Jensen, Kirsten, Caira, Janine N. (2013): Revision Of Anteropora (Cestoda: Lecanicephalidea) And Descriptions Of Five New Species From Stingrays (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) In Borneo. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 61 (2): 491-506, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5352252
03ADB025FFF1FF81FC40F9A062FBFAF8.taxon	description	Description. — Based on 25 specimens: 20 whole mounts of mature worms, two cross-section series of mature proglottids, and three whole worms prepared for SEM. Worms 986 – 2,657 (1,541 ± 391; 20) long; maximum width at scolex, mid-strobila, or terminal proglottid, euapolytic; proglottids 10 – 25 (18 ± 6; 20) in number. Scolex 142 – 217 (177 ± 23; 20) long by 123 – 190 (150 ± 20; 15) wide, consisting of four acetabula, apical modification of scolex proper and apical organ; cephalic peduncle absent. Acetabula bothridiate in form, elongate oval in shape, with posterior notch at midline, 105 – 178 (143 ± 20; 19; 37) long by 57 – 110 (80 ± 14; 16; 30) wide. Apical modification of scolex proper conspicuously dome-shaped, with aperture at center, housing apical organ. Apical organ (Fig. 8 A) primarily glandular, weakly muscular, conical in form, 38 – 58 (49 ± 5; 20) long by 33 – 63 (47 ± 6; 20) wide, non-protrusible. Apical modification of scolex proper covered with hastate spinitriches and acicular filitriches (Fig. 2 B); scolex proper at base of apical modification with acicular filitriches only (Fig. 2 C). Distal (Fig. 2 D) and proximal (Fig. 2 E) bothridial surfaces covered with trullate spinitriches and acicular filitriches. Proglottids covered with capilliform filitriches throughout, also with small hastate spinitriches on anterior margins and with small scolopate spinitriches along posterior proglottid margins (Fig. 2 F). Proglottids craspedote, non-laciniate. Immature proglottids 9 – 23 (16 ± 5; 20) in number, initially wider than long, becoming longer than wide with maturity. Mature proglottids 1 – 3 in number; subterminal proglottid 162 – 454 (243 ± 71; 20) long by 60 – 181 (127 ± 32; 20) wide; terminal proglottid 293 – 543 (395 ± 69; 20) long by 105 – 170 (135 ± 21; 20) wide. Testes invariably four in number, arranged in single column, 21 – 62 (40 ± 9; 20; 60) long by 49 – 120 (78 ± 18; 20; 60) wide, extending from anterior margin of proglottid to slightly overlap anterior margin of ovary. Vasa efferentia not observed. Vas deferens in fully mature proglottids enlarged to form external seminal vesicle, extending along lateral margin of proglottid from ootype region to anterior margin of cirrus-sac. Internal seminal vesicle not observed. Cirrussac pyriform, positioned between anterior-most two testes, slightly angled anteriorly, 64 – 117 (93 ± 15; 20) long by 19 – 40 (29 ± 6; 19) wide, containing coiled cirrus. Cirrus armed with spinitriches. Ovary smooth, H-shaped in frontal view, tetralobed in cross-section (Fig. 8 D), symmetrical, 68 – 134 (95 ± 19; 20) long by 57 – 191 (89 ± 28; 19) wide; ovarian bridge at middle of ovary. Mehlis’ gland posterior to ovarian bridge. Vagina extending along lateral margin of proglottid from ootype region to genital atrium, opening into genital atrium posterior to cirrus-sac. Genital pores lateral, irregularly alternating, 71 – 81 % (77 ± 3; 20) of proglottid length from posterior end. Uterus saccate, extending essentially along midline of proglottid from level of ovarian bridge to posterior margin of anterior-most testis. Vitellarium follicular; vitelline follicles 13 – 32 (23 ± 5; 19; 57) long by 13 – 39 (24 ± 7; 19; 57) wide, in two lateral fields; each field consisting of two columns (Fig. 8 C), extending from posterior margin of anterior-most testis on aporal side and from posterior margin of cirrus-sac on poral side to posterior margin of proglottid, interrupted by ovary. Two pairs of excretory vessels. Eggs not observed.	en	Mojica, Kendra R., Jensen, Kirsten, Caira, Janine N. (2013): Revision Of Anteropora (Cestoda: Lecanicephalidea) And Descriptions Of Five New Species From Stingrays (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) In Borneo. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 61 (2): 491-506, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5352252
03ADB025FFF1FF81FC40F9A062FBFAF8.taxon	discussion	Remarks. — This species is unlike A. indica, A. japonica, A. klosmamorphis and A. leelongi in that it is euapolytic rather than hyperapolytic. Anteropora joannae, new species, differs further from A. indica in that its ovary is tetralobed in cross-section, rather than consisting of two to three lobes on each side (see Subhapradha, 1955, fig. 5). Whereas the apical organ of the new species is primarily glandular, that of A. japonica is muscular. Furthermore, whereas both, A. japonica and A. leelongi possess six testes and bothridia that are essentially round with intact margins, A. joannae, new species, has four testes and bothridia that are elongate-oval with a posterior notch at the midline. The scolex of A. joannae, new species, is most similar to that of A. klosmamorphis, however the strobila of the new species has many fewer proglottids (10 – 25 vs 87 – 274). This new species appears to be more variable in total length, number of proglottids and width of the subterminal proglottids, than seen in any of its congeners. However, this is considered to represent intraspecific variation at this time.	en	Mojica, Kendra R., Jensen, Kirsten, Caira, Janine N. (2013): Revision Of Anteropora (Cestoda: Lecanicephalidea) And Descriptions Of Five New Species From Stingrays (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) In Borneo. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 61 (2): 491-506, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5352252
03ADB025FFF5FF82FEFAFAE2629BFCD8.taxon	description	(Figs. 1 D – F, 2 G – K)	en	Mojica, Kendra R., Jensen, Kirsten, Caira, Janine N. (2013): Revision Of Anteropora (Cestoda: Lecanicephalidea) And Descriptions Of Five New Species From Stingrays (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) In Borneo. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 61 (2): 491-506, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5352252
03ADB025FFF5FF82FEFAFAE2629BFCD8.taxon	materials_examined	Type and only host. — Himantura cf. gerrardi 1 (sensu Naylor et al., 2012 a) (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) Site of infection. — Spiral intestine Holotype. — MZUM (P) 2013.1 (H) ex Himantura cf. gerrardi 1 (sensu Naylor et al., 2012 a) (host no. BO- 400), MALAYSIA: ~ 32 km off Kuching (02 ° 00 ' N, 110 ° 38 ' E), Sarawak, South China Sea, 9 Apr. 2004, coll. J. N. Caira & K. Jensen. Paratypes. — Ex Himantura cf. gerrardi 1 (sensu Naylor et al., 2012 a) (host no. BO- 400), same as holotype. MZUM (P) 2013.2 (P), 3 (P) (2 whole mounts); SBC-P- 00060 (1 whole mount); ZRC. PAR. 22 (1 whole mount); USNPC 106521 (4 whole mounts) and LRP 7968, 7969 (2 whole mounts). Two scoleces prepared for SEM retained by K. Jensen at the University of Kansas.	en	Mojica, Kendra R., Jensen, Kirsten, Caira, Janine N. (2013): Revision Of Anteropora (Cestoda: Lecanicephalidea) And Descriptions Of Five New Species From Stingrays (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) In Borneo. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 61 (2): 491-506, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5352252
03ADB025FFF5FF82FEFAFAE2629BFCD8.taxon	etymology	Etymology. — Derived from cubus (L.), referring to the shape of the scolex.	en	Mojica, Kendra R., Jensen, Kirsten, Caira, Janine N. (2013): Revision Of Anteropora (Cestoda: Lecanicephalidea) And Descriptions Of Five New Species From Stingrays (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) In Borneo. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 61 (2): 491-506, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5352252
03ADB025FFF5FF82FEFAFAE2629BFCD8.taxon	description	Description. — Based on 13 specimens: 11 whole mounts of mature worms and two scoleces prepared for SEM. Worms 2,925 – 6,195 (4,139 ± 1,108; 11) long; maximum width at scolex, euapolytic; proglottids 43 – 82 (60 ± 11; 11) in number. Scolex 205 – 295 (250 ± 30; 11) long by 270 – 392 (327 ± 37; 10) wide, more or less spherical, consisting of four acetabula, apical modification of scolex proper and apical organ; cephalic peduncle absent. Acetabula bothridiate in form, oval to rectangular in shape, with slight posterior indentation at midline, 150 – 231 (184 ± 21; 11; 22) long by 153 – 217 (176 ± 18; 10; 20) wide. Apical modification of scolex proper dome-shaped, with aperture at center, housing apical organ. Apical organ primarily glandular, weakly muscular, spherical to conical in form, 88 – 146 (110 ± 15; 11) long by 82 – 144 (100 ± 17; 11) wide, non-protrusible. Apical modification of scolex proper covered with hastate spinitriches and acicular filitriches (Fig. 2 H). Distal (Fig. 2 I) and proximal (Fig. 2 J) surfaces of bothridia covered with trullate spinitriches and acicular filitriches. Proglottids with capilliform filitriches throughout (Fig. 2 K), also with small scolopate spinitriches along posterior proglottid margins. Proglottids craspedote, non-laciniate. Immature proglottids 38 – 76 (54 ± 10; 11) in number, initially wider than long, becoming longer than wide with maturity. Mature proglottids 3 – 8 in number; subterminal proglottid 326 – 534 (433 ± 70; 11) long by 122 – 189 (163 ± 25; 11) wide; terminal proglottid 468 – 720 (584 ± 75; 11) long by 125 – 197 (164 ± 26; 11) wide. Testes invariably four in number, arranged in single column, 31 – 66 (46 ± 8; 11; 33) long by 50 – 99 (73 ± 14; 11; 33) wide, extending from anterior margin of proglottid to slightly overlap anterior margin of ovary. Vasa efferentia not observed. Vas deferens in fully mature proglottids enlarged to form extensive external seminal vesicle, extending from ootype region to posterior margin of anterior-most testis. Internal seminal vesicle not observed. Cirrus-sac pyriform, lateral to second testis, slightly angled anteriorly, 44 – 67 (57 ± 7; 11) long by 68 – 140 (107 ± 22; 11) wide, containing coiled cirrus. Cirrus armed with spinitriches. Ovary smooth, H-shaped in frontal view, tetralobed in cross-section, symmetrical, 108 – 180 (143 ± 23; 11) long by 74 – 144 (110 ± 21; 11) wide; ovarian bridge at middle of ovary. Mehlis’ gland posterior to ovarian bridge. Vagina extending along lateral margin of proglottid from ootype region to genital atrium, opening into genital atrium posterior to cirrus-sac. Genital pores lateral, irregularly alternating, 64 – 73 % (68 ± 3; 11) of proglottid length from posterior end. Uterus saccate, extending along midline of proglottid from ovarian bridge to posterior margin of anterior-most testis. Vitellarium follicular; vitelline follicles 22 – 66 (41 ± 13; 11; 33) long by 23 – 64 (37 ± 10; 11; 33) wide, in two lateral fields; each field consisting of two columns, extending from posterior margin of anterior-most testis on aporal side and from posterior margin of cirrus-sac on poral side to posterior margin of proglottid, partially interrupted by ovary. Two pairs of excretory vessels. Eggs not observed. Remarks. — Unlike A. indica, A. japonica, A. klosmamorphis and A. leelongi, A. cuba, new species, is euapolytic rather than hyperapolytic. In addition, A. cuba, new species, has fewer testes than A. japonica and A. leelongi (four vs six), and a larger glandular apical organ than A. klosmamorphis (88 – 146 long by 82 – 144 wide vs 53 – 67 long by 51 – 68 wide). Furthermore, A. cuba, new species, possesses a vas deferens that is expanded to form an extensive external seminal vesicle while the vas deferens of A. indica is minimal. Like Anteropora joannae, A. cuba, new species, is euapolytic and possesses a glandular apical organ, but it differs conspicuously from A. joannae in its greater total length (2,925 – 6,195 vs 986 – 2,657), greater number of proglottids (43 – 82 vs 10 – 25) and unlike A. joannae, the vas deferens of A. cuba, new species, is expanded to form an extensive external seminal vesicle (Fig. 1 F). Furthermore, the scolex of A. cuba, new species, is spherical and its bothridia are oval to rectangular in shape with only a slight posterior indentation at midline, rather than oval and clearly posteriorly notched.	en	Mojica, Kendra R., Jensen, Kirsten, Caira, Janine N. (2013): Revision Of Anteropora (Cestoda: Lecanicephalidea) And Descriptions Of Five New Species From Stingrays (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) In Borneo. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 61 (2): 491-506, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5352252
03ADB025FFF6FF8CFF02FCC2623CFD39.taxon	description	(Figs. 3 A – C, 4)	en	Mojica, Kendra R., Jensen, Kirsten, Caira, Janine N. (2013): Revision Of Anteropora (Cestoda: Lecanicephalidea) And Descriptions Of Five New Species From Stingrays (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) In Borneo. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 61 (2): 491-506, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5352252
03ADB025FFF6FF8CFF02FCC2623CFD39.taxon	materials_examined	Type and only host. — Himantura pastinacoides 1 (sensu Naylor et al., 2012 a) (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) Site of infection. — Spiral intestine Holotype. — MZUM (P) 2013.4 (H) ex Himantura pastinacoides 1 (sensu Naylor et al., 2012 a) (host no. BO- 98), MALAYSIA: off Kampung [= Village] Tetabuan (06 ° 01 ' N, 117 ° 42 ' E), Sabah, Sulu Sea, 28 Apr. 2003, coll. J. N. Caira & K. Jensen. Paratypes. — Ex Himantura pastinacoides 1 (sensu Naylor et al., 2012 a), MALAYSIA: Sematan (01 ° 48 ' N, 109 ° 46 ' E), Sarawak, South China Sea, 1 Jun. 2002 (host no. BO- 12) and 14 May 2003 (host no. BO- 168), and Kampung [= Village] Tetabuan (06 ° 01 ' N, 117 ° 42 ' E), Sabah, Sulu Sea, 21 Jun. 2002 (host nos. BO- 76) and 3 May 2003 (host no. BO- 116), INDONESIA: Kalapseban (03 ° 14 ' S, 112 ° 55 ' E), Central Kalimantan, Java Sea, 4 Dec. 2006 (host no. KA- 105) and Manggar (01 ° 13 ' S, 116 ° 58 ' E), East Kalimantan, Makassar Strait, 29 Jul. 2008 (host no. KA- 421), coll. J. N. Caira & K. Jensen. MZUM (P) 2013.5 (P), 6 (P) (2 whole mounts) (host nos. BO- 116, KA- 105); SBC-P- 00061, 00062 (2 whole mounts) (host no. BO- 168); MZBCa 176, 177 (2 whole mounts) (host no. KA- 105); ZRC. PAR. 23, 24 (2 whole mounts) (host nos. BO- 12, KA- 421); USNPC 106522 – 106524 (5 whole mounts) (host nos. BO- 12, KA- 105, KA- 421); LRP 7970 – 7973 (4 whole mounts) (host nos. BO- 12, BO- 76, BO- 168). Four specimens (host no. BO- 168) prepared for SEM retained by K. Jensen at the University of Kansas.	en	Mojica, Kendra R., Jensen, Kirsten, Caira, Janine N. (2013): Revision Of Anteropora (Cestoda: Lecanicephalidea) And Descriptions Of Five New Species From Stingrays (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) In Borneo. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 61 (2): 491-506, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5352252
03ADB025FFF6FF8CFF02FCC2623CFD39.taxon	etymology	Etymology. — Derived from glans (L., acorn-shaped) and apiculus (L. diminutive, point) referring to the glandular nature of the prominent apical organ.	en	Mojica, Kendra R., Jensen, Kirsten, Caira, Janine N. (2013): Revision Of Anteropora (Cestoda: Lecanicephalidea) And Descriptions Of Five New Species From Stingrays (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) In Borneo. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 61 (2): 491-506, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5352252
03ADB025FFF6FF8CFF02FCC2623CFD39.taxon	description	Description. — Based on 22 specimens: 18 whole mounts of mature worms, four specimens prepared for SEM. Worms 553 – 1,180 (830 ± 170; 18) long; maximum width at scolex, euapolytic; proglottids 7 – 14 (10 ± 2; 18) in number. Scolex 123 – 187 (152 ± 17; 18) long by 164 – 237 (189 ± 23; 9) wide, consisting of four acetabula, apical modificaton of scolex proper and apical organ; cephalic peduncle absent. Acetabula bothridiate in form, elongate oval in shape, with posterior notch at midline, 114 – 206 (158 ± 22; 18; 34) long by 74 – 118 (93 ± 12; 14; 24) wide. Apical modification of scolex proper dome-shaped, with aperture at center, housing apical organ. Apical organ primarily glandular, weakly muscular, spherical to conical in form, 28 – 73 (54 ± 10; 18) long by 47 – 82 (56 ± 9; 18) wide, non-protrusible. Apical modification of scolex proper (Fig. 4 C) and scolex proper at base of apical modification (Fig. 4 D) covered with hastate spinitriches and acicular filitriches. Distal (Fig. 4 E) and proximal (Fig. 4 F) surfaces of bothridia covered with trullate spinitriches and acicular filitriches. Proglottids with capilliform filitriches throughout, also with small hastate spinitriches along anterior margins and with small scolopate spinitriches along posterior proglottid margins (Fig. 4 G). Proglottids craspedote, non-laciniate. Immature proglottids 6 – 12 (8 ± 2; 18) in number, initially wider than long, becoming longer than wide with maturity. Mature proglottids 1 – 2 in number; subterminal proglottid 84 – 201 (141 ± 40; 18) long by 83 – 150 (111 ± 19; 18) wide; terminal proglottid 235 – 456 (349 ± 56; 18) long by 107 – 165 (128 ± 14; 18) wide. Testes invariably four in number, arranged in single column, 32 – 62 (44 ± 6; 20; 53) long by 62 – 104 (83 ± 10; 20; 52) wide, extending from anterior margin of proglottid to slightly overlap anterior margin of ovary. Vasa efferentia not observed. Vas deferens in fully mature proglottids enlarged to form external seminal vesicle, extending along lateral margin of proglottid from ootype region to anterior margin of cirrus-sac. Internal seminal vesicle not observed. Cirrus-sac pyriform, at level of second testis, slightly angled anteriorly, 54 – 96 (79 ± 14; 13) long by 36 – 67 (48 ± 8; 18) wide, containing coiled cirrus. Cirrus armed with spinitriches. Ovary smooth, H-shaped in frontal view, tetralobed in crosssection, symmetrical, 36 – 99 (70 ± 17; 18) long by 63 – 110 (82 ± 12; 17) wide; ovarian bridge at middle of ovary. Mehlis’ gland posterior to ovarian bridge. Vagina extending along lateral margin of proglottid from ootype region to genital atrium, opening into genital atrium posterior to cirrus-sac. Genital pores lateral, irregularly alternating, 58 – 70 % (65 ± 3; 16) of proglottid length from posterior end. Uterus saccate, extending essentially along midline of proglottid from ovarian bridge to posterior margin of anterior-most testis. Vitellarium follicular; vitelline follicles 7 – 33 (17 ± 5; 15; 42) long by 12 – 43 (27 ± 8; 14; 39) wide, in two lateral fields; each field consisting of two columns, extending from posterior margin of anterior-most testis on aporal side and from posterior margin of cirrus-sac on poral side to posterior margin of proglottid, partially interrupted by ovary. Two pairs of excretory vessels. Eggs not observed.	en	Mojica, Kendra R., Jensen, Kirsten, Caira, Janine N. (2013): Revision Of Anteropora (Cestoda: Lecanicephalidea) And Descriptions Of Five New Species From Stingrays (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) In Borneo. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 61 (2): 491-506, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5352252
03ADB025FFF6FF8CFF02FCC2623CFD39.taxon	discussion	Remarks. — The euapolytic nature of A. glandapiculis, new species, clearly distinguishes it from A. indica, A. japonica, A. klosmamorphis and A. leelongi. In addition, Anteropora glandapiculis, new species, has fewer testes than A. japonica and A. leelongi (four vs six), and many fewer proglottids than A. klosmamorphis (7 – 14 vs 87 – 274). It further differs from A. indica in that its genital pore is positioned between the second and third testis from the anterior end of the proglottid rather than between the first and second testis. With respect to its euapolytic congeners, A. glandapiculis, new species, is a shorter worm (553 – 1,180 vs 2,925 – 6,195), possesses many fewer proglottids overall (7 – 14 vs 43 – 82) and also fewer mature proglottids (1 – 2 vs 3 – 8) than A. cuba. With respect to A. joannae, A. glandapiculis, new species, possesses a more posterior genital pore (58 – 70 % vs 71 – 81 % of proglottid length from posterior end) and the cirrus-sac is positioned at the level of the second testis, rather than between the first and second testis as seen in A. joannae.	en	Mojica, Kendra R., Jensen, Kirsten, Caira, Janine N. (2013): Revision Of Anteropora (Cestoda: Lecanicephalidea) And Descriptions Of Five New Species From Stingrays (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) In Borneo. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 61 (2): 491-506, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5352252
03ADB025FFF8FF8EFF28FCA36392FE18.taxon	description	(Figs. 3 D – F, 5)	en	Mojica, Kendra R., Jensen, Kirsten, Caira, Janine N. (2013): Revision Of Anteropora (Cestoda: Lecanicephalidea) And Descriptions Of Five New Species From Stingrays (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) In Borneo. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 61 (2): 491-506, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5352252
03ADB025FFF8FF8EFF28FCA36392FE18.taxon	materials_examined	Type and only known. — Taeniura lymma 1 (sensu Naylor et al., 2012 a) (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) Site of infection. — Spiral intestine Holotype. — MZBCa 181 ex Taeniura lymma 1 (sensu Naylor et al., 2012 a) (host no. KA- 419), INDONESIA: off Pulau [= Island] Rabu-Rabu (02 ° 19 ' N, 118 ° 07 ' E), East Kalimantan, Celebes Sea, 25 Jul. 2008, coll. J. N. Caira & K. Jensen. Paratypes. — Ex Taeniura lymma 1 (sensu Naylor et al., 2012 a), MALAYSIA: Pulau [= Island] Mabul (04 ° 14 ' N, 118 ° 38 ' E), Sabah, Celebes Sea, 5 May 2003 (host nos. BO- 128, BO- 131), INDONESIA: Tanjung Batu (02 ° 16 ' N, 118 ° 06 ' E), East Kalimantan, Celebes Sea, 24 Jul. 2008 (host no. KA- 417) and Pulau [= Island] Rabu-Rabu (02 ° 19 ' N, 118 ° 07 ' E), East Kalimantan, Celebes Sea, 25 Jul. 2008 (host nos. KA- 418, KA- 419, KA- 420), coll. J. N. Caira & K. Jensen. MZBCa 180, 182 (2 whole mounts) (host no. KA- 419); MZUM (P) 2013.12 (P), 13 (P) (2 whole mounts) (host nos. KA- 418, KA- 420); ZRC. PAR. 27, 28 (2 whole mounts) (host nos. KA- 417, KA- 419); USNPC 106531, 106532 (6 whole mounts) (host nos. KA- 418, KA- 419); LRP 7982 – 7986 (5 whole mounts) (host nos. KA- 417, KA- 418, KA- 419). Two whole worms (host nos. BO- 128, BO- 131) prepared for SEM retained by K. Jensen at the University of Kansas.	en	Mojica, Kendra R., Jensen, Kirsten, Caira, Janine N. (2013): Revision Of Anteropora (Cestoda: Lecanicephalidea) And Descriptions Of Five New Species From Stingrays (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) In Borneo. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 61 (2): 491-506, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5352252
03ADB025FFF8FF8EFF28FCA36392FE18.taxon	etymology	Etymology. — Derived from patulus (L., open, spread out, broad) referring to the ability of this species to extend its scolex laterally.	en	Mojica, Kendra R., Jensen, Kirsten, Caira, Janine N. (2013): Revision Of Anteropora (Cestoda: Lecanicephalidea) And Descriptions Of Five New Species From Stingrays (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) In Borneo. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 61 (2): 491-506, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5352252
03ADB025FFF8FF8EFF28FCA36392FE18.taxon	description	Description. — Based on 20 specimens: 18 whole mounts of mature worms and two whole worms prepared for SEM. Worms 583 – 1,129 (859 ± 138; 18) long; maximum width at scolex, euapolytic; proglottids 8 – 11 (10 ± 1; 18) in number. Scolex 84 – 187 (152 ± 22; 18) long by 119 – 317 (190 ± 59; 16) wide, consisting of four acetabula, apical modification of scolex proper, apical organ, and conspicuous region of scolex proper posterior to acetabula; cephalic peduncle absent. Acetabula bothridiate in form, triangular to rectangular in shape, lacking posterior notch at midline in some, 65 – 125 (99 ± 17; 16; 32) long by 58 – 102 (83 ± 11; 15; 30) wide. Apical modification of scolex proper variable, dome-shaped to conical, with raised rim, apparently lacking aperture at center, housing apical organ. Apical organ primarily muscular, with gland cells at base, inverted campanulate in form, 19 – 33 (27 ± 3; 18) long by 22 – 33 (27 ± 3; 18) wide, non-protrusible. Apical modification of scolex proper (Fig. 5 C) covered with hastate spinitriches and capilliform filitriches (Fig. 5 G), with conspicuous apical rim bearing hamulate spinitriches and capilliform filitriches (Fig. 5 D). Distal (Fig. 5 E) and proximal (Fig. 5 F) surfaces of bothridia covered with gladiate spinitriches and acicular filitriches. Scolex proper posterior to bothridia covered with hastate spinitriches and acicular filitriches (Fig. 5 H). Proglottids covered with capilliform filitriches throughout, also with small scolopate spinitriches along posterior proglottid margins (Fig. 5 I). Proglottids craspedote, non-laciniate. Immature proglottids 6 – 10 (8 ± 1; 18) in number, initially wider than long, becoming longer than wide with maturity. Mature proglottids 1 – 2 in number; subterminal proglottid 95 – 232 (162 ± 42; 18) long by 62 – 105 (87 ± 13; 18) wide; terminal proglottid 253 – 470 (341 ± 50; 18) long by 80 – 142 (101 ± 14; 18) wide. Testes invariably four in number, arranged in single column, 28 – 55 (38 ± 6; 18; 54) long by 45 – 84 (65 ± 9; 18; 54) wide, extending from anterior margin of proglottid to slightly overlap anterior margin of ovary. Vasa efferentia not observed. Vas deferens in fully mature proglottids enlarged to form external seminal vesicle, extending along lateral margin of proglottid from ootype region to anterior margin of cirrus-sac. Internal seminal vesicle not observed. Cirrus-sac pyriform, extending between first and second testis, slightly angled anteriorly, 41 – 70 (57 ± 8; 18) long by 16 – 34 (24 ± 4; 18) wide, containing coiled cirrus. Cirrus armed with spinitriches. Ovary smooth, H-shaped in frontal view, tetralobed in cross-section, symmetrical, 46 – 105 (83 ± 14; 18) long by 48 – 89 (68 ± 10; 18) wide; ovarian bridge at middle of ovary. Mehlis’ gland present posterior to ovarian bridge. Vagina extending along lateral margin of proglottid from ootype region to genital atrium, opening into genital atrium posterior to cirrus-sac. Genital pores lateral, irregularly alternating, 69 – 79 % (76 ± 3; 18) of proglottid length from posterior end. Uterus saccate, extending essentially along midline of proglottid from ovarian bridge to posterior margin of anterior-most testis. Vitellarium follicular; vitelline follicles 11 – 40 (20 ± 7; 18; 54) long by 9 – 36 (18 ± 5; 18; 54) wide, in two lateral fields; each field consisting of two columns, extending from posterior margin of anterior-most testis on aporal side and from posterior margin of cirrus-sac on poral side to posterior margin of proglottid, interrupted by ovary. Two pairs of excretory vessels. Eggs not observed.	en	Mojica, Kendra R., Jensen, Kirsten, Caira, Janine N. (2013): Revision Of Anteropora (Cestoda: Lecanicephalidea) And Descriptions Of Five New Species From Stingrays (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) In Borneo. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 61 (2): 491-506, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5352252
03ADB025FFF8FF8EFF28FCA36392FE18.taxon	discussion	Remarks. — This species differs from A. indica, A. japonica, A. klosmamorphis and A. leelongi in that it is euapolytic rather than hyperapolytic. Moreover, it differs from A. klosmamorphis and A. leelongi in that its apical organ is primarily muscular, rather than glandular. It differs further from A. japonica in its possession of four rather than six testes and from A. indica in its possession of an ovary that is tetralobed in cross-section, rather than consisting of two to three lobes on each side. With respect to its euapolytic congeners, A. patulobothridium, new species, conspicuously differs from A. joannae, A. cuba and A. glandapiculis in that its apical organ is primarily muscular and associated with an apical modification of the scolex proper with a raised rim that bears hamulate spinitriches, rather than an apical organ that is primarily glandular and lacking such an apical modification of the scolex proper. In addition, unlike its euapolytic congeners, A. patulobothridium, new species, possesses an elongated region of the scolex proper posterior to the bothridia that bears hastate spinitriches. In addition, A. patulobothridium, new species, possesses fewer proglottids than A. joannae (8 – 11 vs 10 – 25) and a narrower cirrus-sac (16 – 34 vs 36 – 67) than A. glandapiculis; it is shorter (583 – 1,129 vs 2,925 – 6,195 in total length), possesses conspicuously fewer proglottids overall (8 – 11 vs 43 – 82) and also fewer mature proglottids (1 – 2 vs 3 – 8) than A. cuba. The scolex of A. patulobothridium, new species, varied substantially in form depending on its degree of contraction. In some specimens, the scolex was extremely wide and the bothridia in a pair were separated from one another by a distance of greater than the width of a bothridium (e. g., Figs. 3 E and 5 B); in other specimens, the bothridia in a pair were adjacent to one another (e. g., Figs. 3 D and 5 A). Presumably, this morphological flexibility reflects this worm’s ability to alter the form of its scolex in order to lodge its bothridia between the rows of adjacent villi of the spiral intestine of its host.	en	Mojica, Kendra R., Jensen, Kirsten, Caira, Janine N. (2013): Revision Of Anteropora (Cestoda: Lecanicephalidea) And Descriptions Of Five New Species From Stingrays (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) In Borneo. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 61 (2): 491-506, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5352252
03ADB025FFFAFF88FC4FFD8262C6FE38.taxon	description	(Figs. 6, 7, 8 B)	en	Mojica, Kendra R., Jensen, Kirsten, Caira, Janine N. (2013): Revision Of Anteropora (Cestoda: Lecanicephalidea) And Descriptions Of Five New Species From Stingrays (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) In Borneo. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 61 (2): 491-506, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5352252
03ADB025FFFAFF88FC4FFD8262C6FE38.taxon	materials_examined	Type and only host. — Himantura pastinacoides 1 (sensu Naylor et al., 2012 a) (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) Site of infection. — Spiral intestine Holotype. — MZUM (P) 2013.14 (H) ex Himantura pastinacoides 1 (sensu Naylor et al., 2012 a) (host no. BO- 61), MALAYSIA: Mukah (02 ° 54 ' N, 112 ° 05 ' E), Sarawak, South China Sea, 12 Jun. 2002, coll. J. N. Caira & K. Jensen. Paratypes. — Ex Himantura pastinacoides 1 (sensu Naylor et al., 2012 a), MALAYSIA: Mukah (02 ° 54 ' N, 112 ° 05 ' E), Sarawak, South China Sea, 12 Jun. 2002 (host nos. BO- 61, BO- 168), and Kampung [= Village] Tetabuan (06 ° 01 ' N, 117 ° 42 ' E), Sabah, Sulu Sea, 21 Jun. 2002 (host no. BO- 76), 28 Apr. 2003 (host no. BO- 100), and 3 May 2003 (host no. BO- 116), coll. J. N. Caira & K. Jensen. MZUM (P) 2013.15 (P) – 17 (P) (3 whole mounts) (host nos. BO- 61, BO- 100); SBC-P- 00063, 00064 (2 whole mounts) (host no. BO- 61); ZRC. PAR. 29, 30 (2 whole mounts) (host nos. BO- 61, BO- 76); USNPC 106533 – 106535 (7 whole mounts) (host nos. BO- 61, BO- 100, BO- 116); LRP 7987 – 7991 (5 whole mounts) (host no. BO- 61). Two specimens (host no. BO- 61) prepared for SEM retained by K. Jensen at the University of Kansas.	en	Mojica, Kendra R., Jensen, Kirsten, Caira, Janine N. (2013): Revision Of Anteropora (Cestoda: Lecanicephalidea) And Descriptions Of Five New Species From Stingrays (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) In Borneo. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 61 (2): 491-506, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5352252
03ADB025FFFAFF88FC4FFD8262C6FE38.taxon	etymology	Etymology. — Derived from pumilio (L., dwarf) in reference to the small size of this species.	en	Mojica, Kendra R., Jensen, Kirsten, Caira, Janine N. (2013): Revision Of Anteropora (Cestoda: Lecanicephalidea) And Descriptions Of Five New Species From Stingrays (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) In Borneo. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 61 (2): 491-506, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5352252
03ADB025FFFAFF88FC4FFD8262C6FE38.taxon	description	Description. — Based on 22 specimens: 20 whole mounts of mature worms and two whole worms prepared for SEM. Worms 567 – 814 (697 ± 71; 20) long; maximum width at scolex, euapolytic; proglottids 6 – 7 (6 ± 1; 20) in number. Scolex 128 – 171 (144 ± 11; 20) long by 125 – 172 (145 ± 13; 15) wide, consisting of four acetabula, apical modificaton of scolex proper, apical organ, and short region of scolex proper posterior to acetabula; cephalic peduncle absent. Acetabula bothridiate in form, oval in shape; each bothridium with medial bilateral notches and posterior notch at midline, 97 – 127 (110 ± 7; 20; 40) long by 61 – 87 (73 ± 6; 16; 32) wide. Apical modification of scolex proper dome-shaped, with raised rim, apparently lacking aperture at center, housing apical organ. Apical organ inverted campanulate in form, primarily muscular, with few gland cells at base, 19 – 27 (23 ± 2; 20) long by 23 – 43 (37 ± 5; 20) wide, non-protrusible. Apical modification of scolex proper covered with hastate spinitriches and acicular filitriches (Fig. 7 D), with conspicuous apical rim bearing hamulate spinitriches and capilliform filitriches (Fig. 7 C). Distal (Fig. 7 E) and proximal (Fig. 7 F) surfaces of bothridia covered with gladiate spinitriches and acicular filitriches. Scolex proper posterior to bothridia with hastate spinitriches and acicular filitriches (Fig. 7 G). Proglottids covered with capilliform filitriches throughout, also with small hastate spinitriches on anterior margins and with small scolopate spinitriches along posterior proglottid margins (Fig. 7 H). Proglottids craspedote, non-laciniate. Immature proglottids 5 – 6 (5 ± 1; 20) in number, initially wider than long, becoming longer than wide with maturity. Mature proglottid one in number; subterminal proglottid 77 – 214 (126 ± 35; 20) long by 50 – 86 (73 ± 8; 20) wide; terminal proglottid 285 – 432 (359 ± 43; 20) long by 89 – 134 (115 ± 14; 20) wide. Testes invariably four in number, arranged in single column, 25 – 43 (32 ± 4; 14; 36) long by 50 – 84 (69 ± 8; 14; 39) wide, extending from anterior margin of proglottid to slightly overlap anterior margin of ovary. Vasa efferentia not observed. Vas deferens in fully mature proglottids enlarged to form external seminal vesicle, extending from ootype region to anterior margin of cirrus-sac. Internal seminal vesicle not observed. Cirrus-sac pyriform, extending between first and second testis, slightly angled anteriorly, 59 – 87 (74 ± 10; 19) long by 23 – 44 (32 ± 5; 17) wide, containing coiled cirrus. Cirrus armed with spinitriches. Ovary smooth, H-shaped in frontal view, tetralobed in cross-section, symmetrical, 60 – 121 (88 ± 17; 19) long by 55 – 98 (83 ± 13; 20) wide; ovarian bridge at middle of ovary. Mehlis’ gland posterior to ovarian bridge. Vagina extending along lateral margin of proglottid from ootype region to genital atrium, opening into genital atrium posterior to cirrus-sac. Genital pores lateral, irregularly alternating, 69 – 80 % (74 ± 3; 20) of proglottid length from posterior end. Uterus saccate, extending essentially along midline of proglottid from ovarian bridge to posterior margin of anterior-most testis. Vitellarium follicular; vitelline follicles 11 – 29 (19 ± 5; 19; 57) long by 14 – 39 (26 ± 7; 19; 57) wide, in two lateral fields; each field consisting of two columns, extending from posterior margin of anterior-most testis on aporal side and from posterior margin of cirrus-sac on poral side to posterior margin of proglottid, interrupted by ovary. Two pairs of excretory vessels. Eggs not observed.	en	Mojica, Kendra R., Jensen, Kirsten, Caira, Janine N. (2013): Revision Of Anteropora (Cestoda: Lecanicephalidea) And Descriptions Of Five New Species From Stingrays (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) In Borneo. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 61 (2): 491-506, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5352252
03ADB025FFFAFF88FC4FFD8262C6FE38.taxon	discussion	Remarks. — Unlike A. indica, A. japonica, A. klosmamorphis and A. leelongi, A. pumilionis, new species, is euapolytic, rather than hyperapolytic. Unlike all of its congeners except A. patulobothridium and A. japonica (and A. indica in which the scolex is not known), this new species exhibits an apical organ that is primarily muscular rather than glandular. It has fewer testes than A. japonica (four vs six) and possesses a vas deferens expanded to form an external seminal vesicle while the vas deferens in A. indica is minimal. In addition, it is a much shorter worm (total length 567 – 814 vs 2,925 – 6,195 and 986 – 2,657, respectively) with many fewer total proglottids (6 – 7 vs 43 – 82 and 10 – 25, respectively) than A. cuba and A. joannae. Like A. patulobothridium, A. pumilionis, new species, possesses an apical modification of the scolex proper with a raised rim bearing hamulate spinitriches and a region of the scolex proper posterior to the bothridia that bears hastate spinitriches. It is unique among its congeners in that its bothridia are notched on the lateral margins (as well as on the posterior margin) and can be further distinguished from A. patulobothridium in its possession of fewer total proglottids (6 – 7 vs 8 – 11). The diagnoses of family and genus are emended below to accommodate the inclusion of these five new species.	en	Mojica, Kendra R., Jensen, Kirsten, Caira, Janine N. (2013): Revision Of Anteropora (Cestoda: Lecanicephalidea) And Descriptions Of Five New Species From Stingrays (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) In Borneo. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 61 (2): 491-506, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5352252
03ADB025FFFCFF88FEDEFDA3625FFD5C.taxon	type_taxon	Type genus. — Anteropora Subhapradha, 1955	en	Mojica, Kendra R., Jensen, Kirsten, Caira, Janine N. (2013): Revision Of Anteropora (Cestoda: Lecanicephalidea) And Descriptions Of Five New Species From Stingrays (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) In Borneo. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 61 (2): 491-506, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5352252
03ADB025FFFCFF89FC23FD22649DF9D8.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. — Anteropora indica Subhapradha, 1955 Other species. — Anteropora cuba, new species, A. glandapiculis, new species, A. japonica (Yamaguti, 1934) Euzet, 1994, A. joannae, new species, A. klosmamorphis Jensen, Nikolov & Caira, 2011, A. leelongi Jensen, 2005, A. patulobothridium, new species, A. pumilionis, new species. Generic diagnosis. — (Modified from Jensen, 2005). Worms hyperapolytic or euapolytic. Scolex with four acetabula, apical modification of scolex proper, and apical organ; with or without region of scolex proper posterior to acetabula; cephalic peduncle absent. Acetabula bothridiate in form, facially unmodified, oval to triangular or rectangular in shape, with or without posterior notch at midline and / or bilateral notches. Apical modification of scolex proper variable, domeshaped to conical in form, with or without raised rim covered with hastate spinitriches, housing apical organ. Apical organ primarily muscular or glandular, spherical or conical to inverted campanulate in form, non-protrusible. Proglottids craspedote, non-laciniate, anterior region surface covered with gladiate or hastate spinitriches; detached proglottids of hyperapolytic species with conspicuous anterior, vacuous spherical region. Testes 4 – 6 (rarely three) in number, in single median column anterior to ovary. Vas deferens extending from near ootype to cirrus-sac, may be expanded to form external seminal vesicle. Internal seminal vesicle absent. Cirrus-sac elliptical or elongate oval to pyriform; cirrus armed with spinitriches. Ovary essentially H-shaped in frontal view, irregular or tetralobed in crosssection. Vagina lateral or medial in proglottid, entering genital atrium posterior to or at same level as cirrus-sac. Genital pores lateral to sublateral, irregularly alternating. Uterus saccate, extending along or near midline of proglottid to posterior margin of anterior-most testis. Vitellarium follicular; vitelline follicles arranged in two lateral fields; each field consisting of one to two columns, extending from near genital pore on poral side, and near anterior-most testis or genital pore on aporal side to posterior margin of proglottid, partially or entirely interrupted by ovary in some. Excretory ducts four, arranged in one dorsal and one ventral pair. Eggs single, with bipolar filaments. Parasites of sleeper rays (Narkidae), numbfishes (Narcinidae), the epaulette shark Hemiscyllium ocellatum (Bonnaterre) (Hemiscylliidae) and stingrays (Dasyatidae) in the Central Indo-Pacific, including off India and Japan. Anteroporidae, Lecanicephalidea.	en	Mojica, Kendra R., Jensen, Kirsten, Caira, Janine N. (2013): Revision Of Anteropora (Cestoda: Lecanicephalidea) And Descriptions Of Five New Species From Stingrays (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) In Borneo. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 61 (2): 491-506, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5352252
