identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03AA946EFFF5E06F13D0FC85FBFDFA6C.text	03AA946EFFF5E06F13D0FC85FBFDFA6C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cryptochironomus Kieffer	<div><p>Cryptochironomus Kieffer</p><p>As mentioned by Saether (1977a: 84) there are several problems of species separation and synonymies within the genus Cryptochironomus . The resolutions of a few of these are attempted below with the separation of some species of the C. fulvus -agglomerate and the description of some immatures. However, a thorough comparison between Nearctic and Palaearctic material is necessary to resolve most of the remaining problems.</p><p>Saether (1977a: 87) mentions that several species of the Cryptochironomus fulvus agglomerate until now have not been separable as imagines. However, their pupae are quite distinct. One new species and a variety, which may be an additional species, are described below. In addition, drawings of Cryptochironomus ponderosus (Sublette) and a pupa of C. eminentia Mason are given. Sublette (1964: 131) redefines C. fulvus (Johannsen) and takes Chironomus sp. C of Malloch (1915: 529) to represent the pupa. However, Sublette (1964:132) states that the frontal tubercles in all his material are distinct while Townes (1945:99) states that the frontal tubercles are absent or perhaps sometimes present and very small. As it will appear from the key to male imagines, the frontal tubercles are a specific character usually, and Townes' material must have contained more than one species. It is quite likely that one or two species will fall as a synonym of Cryptochironomus mallochi (Kieffer) (Kieffer 1919: 191), new name for C. abbreviatus (Malloch) (Malloch 1915: 451) or Cryptochironomus parvilamellatus (Malloch) (Malloch 1915: 479) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AA946EFFF5E06F13D0FC85FBFDFA6C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saether, Ole A.	Saether, Ole A. (2009): Cryptochironomus Kieffer from Lake Winnipeg, Canada, with a review of Nearctic species (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa 2208: 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189776
03AA946EFFF5E06E13D0F984FA35FC2A.text	03AA946EFFF5E06E13D0F984FA35FC2A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cryptochironomus Kieffer	<div><p>Key to Nearctic males of Cryptochironomus Kieffer</p><p>1. Anal point broad and flat ............................................................................................................................................. 2</p><p>- Anal point narrow ........................................................................................................................................................ 3</p><p>2. Mesal apical margin of gonostylus emarginate .................................... C. scimitarus Townes (Townes 1945 fig. 110).</p><p>- Mesal apical margin of gonostylus straight or nearly straight ..................... C. sorex Townes (Townes 1945 fig. 109)</p><p>3. Mesal apical margin of gonostylus emarginate ................................... C. argus Roback (Roback 1957: 106, fig. 557).</p><p>- Mesal apical margin of gonostylus not emarginate .................................................................................................... 4</p><p>4. Gonostylus about 4.0 times as long as wide, AR about 3.7, Wing length 3.1–3.4 mm .................................................. ................................................................................................................... C. blarina Townes (Townes 1945 fig. 112).</p><p>- Gonostylus 2.0–3.7 times as long as wide; when AR higher than 3.6, Wing length higher than 3.4 mm or lower than 3.1 mm ........................................................................................................................................................................ 5</p><p>5. Gonostylus widened towards apex; frontal tubercles present; AR 3.5–5.1; LR1 1.12–1.39 (1.5 in Townes), 9–24 sen- silla chaeticae on p2 ....................................................................................................................................................... 6</p><p>- Gonostylus not distinctly widened towards apex; frontal tubercles mostly absent, when present AR 2.5–3.8, LR1</p><p>1.45–2.02 and mostly 1–6 sensilla chaeticae on p2; when AR higher than 3.5, LR1 higher than 1.59 ......................... 7 6. AR 4.35–5.12, LR1 1.12–1.21, gonostylus strongly widened towards apex .................................................................. ............................................. C. stylifera (Johannsen) (Fig. 2 A, B; Townes 1945 fig. 114 as C. psittacinus (Meigen) .</p><p>- AR 3.54–4.03, LR1 1.23–1.39, gonostylus slightly widened towards apex.................................................................... .............................................................................................................. C. digitatus (Malloch) (Townes 1945, fig 113)</p><p>7. LR1 1.31–1.67, frontal tubercles absent ....................................................................................................................... 8</p><p>- LR1 1.45–2.02, when lower than 1.7 frontal tubercles present................................................................................... 10</p><p>8. Wing length 4.99–5.78 mm; LR1 1.48–1.67 ................................................. C. eminentia Mason (Mason 1985 fig. 3)</p><p>- Wing length 2.30–4.75 mm; LR1 1.31–1.55 ................................................................................................................ 9</p><p>9. Wing length 3.01–4.75 mm, AR 2.64–3.40, LR1 1.34–1.55 ............... C. ramus Mason (Fig. 4 A; Mason 1985 fig. 4)</p><p>- Wing length 2.30–2.80, AR 2.52–2.82, LR1 1.31–1.45 ............................................................................ C. ramus var.</p><p>10. Wing length 1.8 mm, gonostylus only about twice as long as wide, frontal tubercles present ...................................... .......................................................................................... C. parafulvus Beck et Beck (Beck and Beck1964 Fig. 1 A).</p><p>- Wing length 1.9–5.6 mm, gonostylus at least 2.5 times as long as wide, frontal tubercles present or absent ........... 11</p><p>11. Gonostylus about 2.8–3.2 times as long as wide, anal point slightly spatulate apically, frontal tubercles absent ........ .......................................................................................................... C. ponderosus (Sublette) (Sublette 1964 fig. 56).</p><p>- Gonostylus about 2.2–2.7 times as long as wide, anal point tapering parallel-sided or slightly spatulate, frontal tuber- cles present or absent ................................................................................................................................................. 12</p><p>12. Frontal tubercles absent; wing length 2.5–5.6 mm ......................................................................................................... ......................................................................... C. curryi Mason (Mason 1985 fig. 2; Darby 1962 fig. 49 as C. fulvus)</p><p>- Frontal tubercles present; wing length 1.9–3.2 mm or 5.1–5.3 mm .......................................................................... 13</p><p>13. Wing length 5.1–5.3 mm; AR 2.5–2.6 ................................................................. C. conus Mason (Mason 1985 fig. 1)</p><p>- Wing length 1.8–3.2 mm; AR 2.5–3.4........................................................................................................................ 14</p><p>14. LR1 1.56–1.73, mean 1.64; anal point slightly spatulate apically ...................................... C. imitans sp. n. (Fig. 4 C).</p><p>- LR1 1.60–2.02, mean 1.78 (Sublette 1964: 132), anal point parallel-sided .................................................................... ......................................................................................................... C. fulvus (Johannsen) (Sublette 1964 fig. 72–75).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AA946EFFF5E06E13D0F984FA35FC2A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saether, Ole A.	Saether, Ole A. (2009): Cryptochironomus Kieffer from Lake Winnipeg, Canada, with a review of Nearctic species (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa 2208: 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189776
03AA946EFFF3E06513D0F940FB58FC71.text	03AA946EFFF3E06513D0F940FB58FC71.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cryptochironomus stylifera (Johannsen) Johannsen	<div><p>Cryptochironomus stylifera (Johannsen)</p><p>(Figs 2 A–G; 3 A, B)</p><p>C hironomus stylifera Johannsen, 1908: 281 .</p><p>C hironomus obtusilobus Malloch, 1923: 171.</p><p>C hironomus farinalis Walley, 1926: 205.</p><p>Cryptochironomus psittacinus Townes, 1945:100; Chang et al 1994: 13; not Meigen, 1830: 247; not Reiss, 1968: 196.</p><p>Tendipes (Cryptochironomus) redekei Kruseman, 1933: 187; Ringe 1970: 312; syn. n.</p><p>Material examined. CANADA: Saskatchewan, Stoney Lake, about 50 miles north of North Battleford, female reared from larva, 31.vii.1968, J.F. Flannagan. Manitoba, Delta Marsh, Portage Creek, male reared from larva, 19. vi. 1968, W.M. Hominick; Lake Winnipeg records: Victoria Beach, 90 males, 9. &amp; 25.vii. 1969; NNE of Reindeer Island, 1 male, 11. ii. 1969; 3 km off Grand Rapids, 7 males, 13.vii &amp; 4. x. 1969; 3 km off McCreary Island, 5 males, 15.vii. 1969; Gull Harbour, 11 males, 1 female, 16.vii. 1969; Gimli Government Wharf, 1 male, 24.vii. 1969; Matheson Island Government Wharf, 1 male, 26.vii. 1969; 3 km off George Island, 22 males, 27.vii. 1969; Grand Rapids Government Wharf, 1 male, 28.vii. 1969; 5 km of Selkirk (Horse) Island, 8 males, 29.vii. 1969; McBeth Harbour, 214 males, 7.ix. 1969; Pine Dock, 2 males, 31.vii. 1969; Beaver Point, 10 males, 30.vi. &amp; 6.viii. 1971; Old Fishing Dock, 36 males, 16.vi.–18.viii. 1971; Calder’s Dock, 5 males, 24.vi.–31.viii. 1971; Hecla Island, 6 males, 27. vii. &amp; 11.viii. 1971; off Pearson Reef, 2 males, 27.x. 1969; South Basin, 16 larvae, 9.vii.–31.x. 1969; Narrows, 7 larvae, 4.vi.–31.x. 1969; North Basin, 56 larvae, 1 pupa, 4.vi.–31.x. 1969.</p><p>As mentioned by Saether (1977a: 87) C. psittacinus (Meigen) in the sense of Townes (1945: 100) is probably not identical with C. psittacinus in the sense of Reiss (1968: 196). C. psittacinus in the sense of Townes, however, probably is identical to Cryptochironomus redekei which than will be a junior synonym of C. stylifera .</p><p>The Lake Winnipeg males have an AR of 4.35–5.12, 4.76 (10); LR1 of 1.12–1.21, 1.18(10); 9–20, 14 (10) sensilla chaeticae on p2 and 0–3, 0.6 (10) on hind leg; and 12–20, 16 (10) setae on squama. The frontal tubercles are shown in Fig. 2 A. The shape of the gonostylus is quite variable, ranging from a shape similar to that of C. digitatus (Malloch) to the typical distinctly broadened apex (Fig. 2 B).</p><p>The female genitalia are illustrated by Saether (1977b fig. 90C). Two intersexes with female antennae have 84–98 sensilla chaeticae on mid leg, and 90–100 on hind leg, indicating that) this is the normal range for a female (see Saether &amp; Galloway (1977).</p><p>Cryptochironomus redekei (Kruseman) (Kruseman 1933: 187, Ringe 1970: 312) appears to be a synonym of C. stylifera . Reiss's C. psittacinus has a LR1 as in C. stylifera . The AR and the hypopygium, however, appear to be more in accordance with C. digitatus .</p><p>The pupae examined here have reticulation anteriorly and laterally on tergite VI, laterally on VII and VIII, and the posterior thoracic mound is bifid. Except that the reticulation not is quite complete on tergite VI the pupa thus will key to C. redekei in the key to pupae and larvae in Vallenduuk &amp; Morozova (2005). The larva keys directly to C. redekei fitting in all details.</p><p>Pupa (n = 5, except when otherwise stated)</p><p>Total length 10.80–13.00, 11.87 mm.</p><p>Cephalothorax. Cephalic tubercle (Fig. 3 A) 339–552, 453 µm long; 76–98, 88 µm (4) wide from base; 36–55, 44 µm wide 2/3 from base; with or without an 18–25 µm (2) long frontal seta. Posterior thoracic mound at least sometimes bifid.</p><p>Abdomen (Fig. 3 B). T I–V, anterior portion of T VI, S I–V and margins of S VI–VIII with reticulation. Shagreen and chaetotaxy as illustrated. Caudal margin of T II with 45–55, 52 hooklets to each side of a 126– 210, 163 µm wide interruption. Pedes spurii A present on S IV–VII; spinules 42–60, 50 µm long on IV; 14– 22, 20 µm on V–VII. Caudal margins of T I–VIII respectively with the following number of spines (lengths in parenthesis): 23–34, 28 (16–62, 42 µm); 20–43, 33 (20–72, 47 µm); 18–23, 22 (52–90, 65 µm); 18–26, 22 (42–80, 58 µm); 16–26, 22 (66–88, 72 µm); 18–26, 23 (67–78, 72 µm); 19–23, 22 (53–62, 59 µm); male with 16–110, 77(4) (13–24, 16 µm (4)), female without. Caudal margins of S I–VII respectively with the following numbers of spines (lengths in µm in parentheses): 0–22, 14 (0–44, 24 µm); 5–17, 11 (16–56, 35 µm), 20–23, 22 (30–70, 55 µm); 14–23, 19 (40–77, 53 µm); 6–17,12 (28–60, 43 µm); 2–16, 8 (14–23, 20 µm); 0–15, 6 (0– 32, 14 µm). Caudomedian projection of anal lobe 307–368, 336 µm long; 270–331, 297 µm wide; with 81– 120, 97 µm long, 20–38, 25 µm wide branches. Genital sac of male with 52–78 µm (3) long, 42–60 µm (3) wide apical point; female without a set off apical point. Each fringe of anal lobe with 110–131, 118 filaments.</p><p>Fourth instar larva (n = 9–11, except when stated otherwise)</p><p>Total length 8.75–14.24, 10.54 mm. Head capsule length 0.80–1.02, 0.90 mm (78).</p><p>Head. Antenna as in Fig. 2 C. Lengths of antennal segments (in µm): 82–102, 92; 30–38, 35; 24–34, 30; 4–5, 4; 46,5. AR 1.10–1.32, 1.23. Basal antennal segment 33–38, 36 µm wide; 2.37–3.00 times as long as second segment; ring organ 46–62, 55 µm from base. Blade preapical on second segment 34–46, 40 µm (5) long; apical style 10–12, 11 (7) long. Labrum (Fig. 2 D) with labial sensilla 36–46, 42 µm (7) long; S I 30–46, 39 (8) and S II 60 –70, 67 µm (6) long. Premandible (Fig. 2 E) 170–205, 190 µm long. Mandible (Fig. 2 F) 222–290, 261 µm long; with 50–72, 60 µm long apical tooth which is 0.19–0.25, 0.24 times as long as mandible. Basal segment of maxillary palp 66–80, 70 µm long; 24–30, 28 µm wide. Median tooth of mentum (Fig. 2 G) including darker lateral accessory teeth 68–74, 71 µm wide. Ventromental plate 200–260, 239 µm wide; 58–74, 66 µm long; 3.29–3.85, 3.61 times as wide as long. Postmentum 320–380, 352 µm long. Gula without obvious pigmentation. Postoccipital margin darkish yellow.</p><p>Abdomen. Procercus 44–60, 50 µm (7) high; 44–66, 51 µm (7) wide; with 540–613, 583 µm (6) long anal setae. Supraanal seta 540–613, 583 µm (6); supraanal seta/anal setae 0.56–0.70, 0.63(5). Anal tubules triangular; 210–280, 244 µm long; 100–141, 121 µm wide at base. Posterior parapods 429–564, 482 µm (4) long.</p><p>Third instar larva</p><p>Head capsule length 0.49–0.55, 0.51 mm (14) (See Fig. 9).</p><p>Second instar larva</p><p>Head capsule length 0.28–0.31 mm (2) (See Fig. 9)</p><p>Distribution and ecology. C. stylifera was previously known from Alaska to New York and south to Oregon, and Florida (Townes 1945:101, Sublette and Sublette 1965: 168, Oliver et al. 1990: 44, Epler 2009; all as C. psittacinus). The species is probably also present in Europe (as C. redekei, see above).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AA946EFFF3E06513D0F940FB58FC71	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saether, Ole A.	Saether, Ole A. (2009): Cryptochironomus Kieffer from Lake Winnipeg, Canada, with a review of Nearctic species (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa 2208: 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189776
03AA946EFFFFE06413D0FB96FB4AFB2A.text	03AA946EFFFFE06413D0FB96FB4AFB2A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cryptochironomus digitatus (Malloch) Malloch	<div><p>Cryptochironomus digitatus (Malloch)</p><p>(Fig. 3 C–G)</p><p>Material examined. CANADA: British Columbia, Marion Lake, pupal exuviae, 1964, A.L. Hamilton. Lake Winnipeg records: Victoria Beach, 219 males, 9. &amp; 25.vii. 1969; Pine Dock, 6 males, 10. &amp; 31.vii. 1969; 0.5 km off George Island, 10 males, 11.vii. 1969; 3 km off Grand Rapids, 28 males, 13.vii &amp; 4. x. 1969; 10 km off (Sturgeonskin) Long Point, 22 males, 14.vii. 1969; 3 km off McCreary Island, 14 males, 15.vii. 1969; Gull Harbour, 5 males, 1 female, 16.vii. 1969; Gimli Government Wharf, 3 males, 24.vii. 1969; Matheson Island Government Wharf, 1 male, 26.vii. 1969; 3 km off George Island, 46 males 27.vii. 1969; Grand Rapids Government Wharf, 16 males, 28.vii. 1969; 5 km of Selkirk (Horse) Island, 58 males, 29.vii. 1969; McBeth Harbour, 123 males, 7.ix. 1969; 15 km east of Long Point, 1 male, 6.ix. 1969; 20 Mile Creek, 1 male, 1.ix. 1971; Old Fishing Dock, 9males, 21.vii. 1971; Calder’s Dock, 22 males, 6. &amp; 14. vi. 1971; Hecla Island, 10 males, 27. vii. &amp; 11.viii. 1971; Beaver Creek, 1 male, 13.vii. 1971; South Basin, 31 larvae, 4.vi.–31.x. 1969; Narrows, 9 larvae, 4. vi.–31.x. 1969; North Basin, 41 larvae, 1 pupa, 4.vi.–31.x. 1969.</p><p>The Lake Winnipeg males have an AR of 3.54–4.03, 3.80 (10); a LR1 of 1.23–1.39, 1.30 (10); 9–24, 14(10) sensilla chaeticae on mid leg, none on hind leg; and 24–40, 32(10) setae on squama.</p><p>A female has 75 sensilla chaeticae on mid leg, 34 on hind leg. Its genitalia are illustrated in Saether (1977b fig. 90 A, B).</p><p>Pupa (n=1–2, tentatively associated and not reared)</p><p>Total length 10.34–10.84 mm.</p><p>Cephalothorax. Cephalic tubercle (Fig. 3 C) 270–285 µm long, 46 µm wide 1/3 from base, 40 µm wide 2/ 3 from base, with or without a 20 µm long frontal seta.</p><p>Abdomen. T I–V, anterior portion of T VI, S I–V and margins of S VI–VIII with reticulation. Caudal margin of T II with 31–43 hooklets on each side of 90–1601,wide interruption. Pedes spurii A present on S IV–VII, spinules 36–40 µm long on IV, 14–18 µm long on V–VII. Caudal margin of 25 T I–VII respectively with following numbers of spines (lengths in parentheses): 32–56 (20–34 µm), 50–52 (24–30 µm), 17–26 (48–50 µm), 15–29 (32–50 µm), 18–25 (50 µm), 21 (42–52 µm), 17–43 (30–36 µm). Caudal margins of S I– VII respectively with following numbers of spines (lengths in parentheses): 27–60 (35–38 µm), 12–17 (20–30 µm), 21–28 (40–50 µm), 15–26 (20–38 µm), 7–30 (24–28µm), 0–38 (0–34 µm), 0–26 (0–18 µm). Caudomedian projection of anal lobe 282–442 µm long, 276–313 µm wide; with 88–130 µm, long, 22 µm wide branches. Genital sac of male with 54–74 µm long, 44–54 µm wide apical point. Fringe of anal lobe with 99–106 filaments.</p><p>Fourth instar larva (n = 9–10, except when otherwise stated, tentatively associated)</p><p>Total length 7.99–12.67, 10.04 mm. Head capsule length 0.66–0.77, 0.71 mm (23).</p><p>Head. Antenna as in Fig. 3 D. Lengths of antenna] segments (in µm): 82–98, 90; 28–35, 32; 16–20, 19; 2– 4, 2; 2–4, 4. AR 1.41–1.72, 1.56. Basal antennal segment 35–39, 37µm wide; 2.45–3.29, 2.80 times as long as second segment; ring organ 50–70, 62 µm from base. Style of second segment 10–12, 11 µm long. Labrum (Fig. 3 E) with 35–40, 38 µm(8) long labral sensilla; S I 26–42, 33 µm (6); S II 50 –60, 54 µm (4) long. Premandible 148–180, 160 µm long. Mandible (Fig. 3 F) 190–220, 210 µm long; with 43–55, 50 µm apical tooth which is 0.20–0.26, 0.24 times as long as mandible. Basal segment of maxillary palp 58–76, 70 µm long; 26–30, 28 µm wide. Median tooth of mentum (Fig. 3 G) including darker lateral accessory teeth 62–68, 65 µm wide. Ventromental plate 190–220, 201 µm wide; 50–60, 57 µm long; 3.28–3.80, 3.51 times as wide as long. Postmentum 250–308, 267 µm long.</p><p>Abdomen. Procercus 42–52, 49 µm high; 39–46, 43 µm wide; with 552–761, 677 µm long anal setae. Supraanal seta 330–435, 400 µm (7); supraanal seta/anal setae 0.57–0.70, 0.61(7). Anal tubules triangular 192–250, 222 µm (5) long; 100–130, 112 µm (5) wide at base. Posterior parapods 368–515, 436 µm long.</p><p>Third instar larva</p><p>Head capsule length 0.40–0.48, 0.44 mm (44) (See Fig.)</p><p>Second instar larva</p><p>Head capsule length 0.26–0.29, 0.28 mm (5) (See Fig.)</p><p>Distribution and ecology. The species was previously known from Yukon to New Foundland and south to California, New Mexico, Texas and Florida (Townes 1945:100, Sublette and Sublette 1965:167, Oliver et al. 1990: 44, Epler 2009). Mozley (1975: 102, 104) found the species in the sandy littoral (down to 8 m) in Lake Michigan. This and other observations indicate that C. digitatus has an ecology conforming to that of other numbers of the Harnischia -complex living in the sandy littoral of large lakes and rivers.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AA946EFFFFE06413D0FB96FB4AFB2A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saether, Ole A.	Saether, Ole A. (2009): Cryptochironomus Kieffer from Lake Winnipeg, Canada, with a review of Nearctic species (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa 2208: 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189776
03AA946EFFFEE06413D0FAC1FB6AF97E.text	03AA946EFFFEE06413D0FAC1FB6AF97E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cryptochironomus blarina Townes	<div><p>Cryptochironomus blarina Townes</p><p>Material examined. CANADA: British Columbia, Marion Lake, 1 male, 6 pupal exuviae, 11–22.vii. 1964, A. L. Hamilton. Lake Winnipeg records: Calder’s Dock, 3 males, 14.vii. 1971; South Basin, 1 larva, 1969; Narrows 3 larvae, 1 pupa, 9.vii.–31.x. 1969; North Basin, 3 larvae, 1 pupa, 2–10.ix. 1969.</p><p>Only one male intersex with female antenna, LR, of 1.48, about 8 sensilla chaeticae on mid leg and none on hind leg was found. The immatures are described by Curry (1958: 437). The examined pupae are 7.10– 8.26, 7.74 mm (6) long and have 63–80, 70(7) filaments in fringe of anal lobe. The fourth instar larvae have a head capsule length of 0.61–0.69, 0.63 mm (6); the third instar of 0.41 mm (1). The species is known from British Columbia to Ontario and south to New Mexico and Florida (Oliver et al. 1990: 44).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AA946EFFFEE06413D0FAC1FB6AF97E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saether, Ole A.	Saether, Ole A. (2009): Cryptochironomus Kieffer from Lake Winnipeg, Canada, with a review of Nearctic species (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa 2208: 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189776
03AA946EFFFEE06013D0F895FC3CF971.text	03AA946EFFFEE06013D0F895FC3CF971.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cryptochironomus ramus Mason	<div><p>Cryptochironomus ramus Mason</p><p>(Fig. 4 A, 5)</p><p>Cryptochironomus sp. n. B Chang et al. 1993. Cryptochironomus sp. n. A Chang et al. 1994.</p><p>Material examined. CANADA: Manitoba, Lake Winnipeg records: Victoria Beach, 53 males, 9. &amp; 25.vii. 1969; Pine Dock, 38 males, 10.vii.–2.ix.1969; 0.5 km off George Island, 3 males, 11.vii. 1969; 3 km off Grand Rapids, 1 male, 13.vii. 1969; 10 km off (Sturgeonskin) Long Point, 67 males, 14.vii. 1969; 3 km off McCreary Island, 462 males, 15.vii. 1969; Gull Harbour, 16 males, 16.vii. 1969; 3 km off George Island, 11 males, 27.vii.1969; Grand Rapids Government Wharf, 34 males, 28.vii. 1969; 5 km of Selkirk (Horse) Island, 6 males, 29.vii. 1969; McBeth Harbour, 7 males, 7.ix. 1969; Beaver Point, 9 males, 30.vi.–19.viii. 1971; 20 Mile Creek, 5 males, 22.vii.–1.ix. 1971; Old Fishing Dock, 226 males, 29.vi.–18.viii. 1971; Calder’s Dock, 33 males, 28.vii.–31.viii. 1971; Hecla Island, 21 males, 27.vii.–25.viii. 1971; Beaver Creek, 5 males, 1 pupal exuviae, 15.vi.–29.vii 1971; 16 km east Long Point, 3 males, 10.vi. &amp; 15.vii. 1969; South Basin, 43 larvae, 4.vi.–31.x. 1969; Narrows, 36 larvae, 4. vi.–31.x. 1969; North Basin, 152 larvae, 1 pupa, 4.vi.–31.x. 1969.</p><p>The male imagines of C. ramus from Lake Winnipeg are characterized by a wing length of 3.01–3.50 mm, an AR of 2.93–3.40, LR1 of 1.40–1.55, absence of frontal tubercles, and hypopygium of C. fulvus type. The pupa has extremely long cephalic tubercles (about 1.37 mm) with a very long (about 0.97 mm) main branch, is about 7.0 mm long, and has about 65 filaments in fringe of anal lobe. The presumed fourth instar larvae have head capsule length of 0.52–0.72 mm, postmentum length of 220–248 µm, ventromental plates 2.96–3.24 times as long as wide, AR of 1.4–1.7, and apical tooth of mandible 0.21–0.26 times as long as mandible.</p><p>Male imago (n = 9–11, except when otherwise stated)</p><p>Total length 6.08–7.35, 6.80 mm. Wing length 3.01–3.50, 3.24 mm. Total length/wing length 1.96–2.19, 2.09. Wing length/length of profemur 2.52–2.64, 2.56.</p><p>Head. AR 2.93–3.40, 3.20 (46). Temporals 28–45, 35. Clypeus with 19–29, 23 setae. Tentorium 183–233, 204 long. Stipes 183–230, 210 long. Frontal tubercles completely absent. Palp lengths (microns): 48–67, 57; 72–100, 88; 183–216, 198; 186–213, 192; 266–310, 282.</p><p>Thorax. Antepronotum with 9–15, 11 setae. Dorsocentrals 17–27, 21; acrostichals 18–25, 21; prealars 6– 9, 7; parascutellar 1. Scutellum with 26–53, 34 (57) setae.</p><p>Wing. VR 1.07–1.11, 1.09. Brachiolum with 2–5, 4 setae; R with 22–31, 26; R1 with 13–21, 16; R4+5 with 15–34, 19 setae. Squama with 16–30, 22 (48) setae.</p><p>Legs. Sensilla chaeticae 1–5, 3 (49) on mid leg; 0–5, 2 (48) on hind leg. Lengths and proportions of legs as in Table 1.</p><p>TABLE 1. Lengths (in μm) and proportions of legs of Cryptochironomus ramus Mason, Male. fe ti ta1 ta2</p><p>p1 1177–1378, 1266 992–1126, 1063 1471–1698, 1598 672–756, 724</p><p>p2 1143–1311, 1252 1076–1244, 1173 664–756, 716 313–384, 347</p><p>p3 1126–1462, 1354 1446–1673, 1560 992–1168, 1063 462–555, 507 ta3 ta4 ta5 LR</p><p>p1 578–664, 622 435–510, 480 184–221, 202 1.40–1.55, 1.51(49)</p><p>p2 238–292, 277 153–186, 173 113–150, 134 0.60–0.62, 0.62</p><p>p3 381–469, 435 200–272, 240 130–63, 151 0.66–0.71, 0.68</p><p>BV SV BR</p><p>p1 1.88–1.98, 1.94 1.43–1.51,1.46 2.88–4.93, 3.21</p><p>p2 3.24–3.63, 3.36 3.28–3.47,3.37 3.31–5.00, 3.65</p><p>p3 2.91–3.20, 2.99 2.51–2.84,2.74 3.57–5.21, 4.25</p><p>Hypopygium (Fig. 4 A). T IX with 28–41, 34 setae; laterosternites IX each with 4–7, 5 setae. Phallapodeme 193–236, 208 µm long. Transverse sternapodeme 92–120, 110 µm long. Gonocoxite 223–260, 24 µm; gonostylus 210–250, 233 µm. HR 0.96–1.11, 1.04; HV 2.75–3.08, 2.91. Pupa (n = 1)</p><p>Total length 7.00 mm.</p><p>Cephalothorax. Cephalic tubercles (Fig. 5 B) fused at base, 1368 µm long, 400 µm wide at base; main branch 969 µm long, 215 µm wide for the first 172 µm, 98 µm wide below first lateral branch, 20 µm wide below apical branch; lateral branch 150 µm long, 46 µm wide at base; apical branch 22 µm long, 14 µm wide; frontal seta 84 µm long.</p><p>Abdomen (Fig. 5 A). Tergites and sternites not reticulated. Shagreen and chaetotaxy as illustrated. Caudal margin of T II with 44 hooklets to each side of 156 µm wide mesa] interruption. Pedes spurii A present on S IV–VII, longest spinules 22 µm on IV, 10–11 µm on V–VII. Caudal margins of T II–VIII respectively with the following numbers of spines (lengths in parentheses): indication (7 µm), 53 (12 µm), 54 (14 µm), 57 (14 µm), 42 (22 µm), 31 (24 µm), 24 (12 µm). Caudal margins of S II–VIII respectively with the following numbers of spines (lengths in parentheses): 22 (8 µm), 26 (8 µm), 23 (10 µm), 29 (14 µm), 27 (21 µm), 26 (30 µm), 33 (23 µm). Caudomedian projection of anal lobe 206 µm long, 130 µm wide, with 68 µm long, 14 µm wide branches. Genital sac of male with 20 µm long, 20 µm wide apical point. Fringe of anal lobe with 65 filaments.</p><p>Fourth instar larva (n = 8–10, except when otherwise stated, tentatively associated)</p><p>Total length 6.48–10.63, 8.39 mm. Head capsule length 0.52–0.66, 0.60 mm (217).</p><p>Head. Antenna as in Fig. 5 C. Lengths of antennal segments (in µm): 78–90, 82; 24–28, 26; 20–22, 21; 3– 4, 4; 3–4, 4. AR 1.42–1.67, 1.54. Basal antennal segment 31–36, 33 µm wide; 3.00–3.52,3.25 times as long as second segment; ring organ 48–64, 56 µm from base. Preapical blade of second segment 30–37, 32 µm (5) long; apical style 10–11, 11 µm (5) long. Labrum (Fig. 5 D) with 30–38, 34 µm (7) long labral sensilla; SI 30– 40, 34 µm (6); SII 50–60, 56 µm (6) long. Premandible (Fig. 5 E) 136–146, 141 µm long. Mandible (Fig. 5 F) 180–218, 197 µm long; with 42–52, 46 µm long apical tooth which is 0.21–0.26, 0.241, times as long as mandible. Basal segment of maxillary palp 60–78, 70 µm long; 20–27, 25 µm wide. Median tooth of mentum (Fig. 5 G), including darker lateral accessory teeth 58–63, 61 µm wide. Ventromental plate 160–194, 1$9 µm wide; 54–64, 58 µm long; 2.96–3.24, 3.10 times as wide as long. Postmentum 220–248, 234 µm long. Gula and postoccipital margin pale.</p><p>Abdomen. Procercus 36–50, 42 µm high; 36–60, 46 µm wide; with 564–785, 692 µm long anal setae. Supraanal seta 405–527, 446 µm (6); Supraanal seta/anal setae 0.52–0.72, 0.62(6). Anal tubules triangular 130–180, 160 µm long; 68–106, 79 µm wide at base. Posterior parapods 393–466, 424 µm long.</p><p>Third instar larva</p><p>Head capsule length 0.32–0.40, 0.36 mm (162) (See Fig. 9).</p><p>Second instar larva</p><p>Head capsule length 0.19–0.24 mm (3) (See Fig. 9).</p><p>Remarks. The specimens from Lake Winnipeg are considerably smaller than those described by Mason (wing length 3.01–3.50 as opposed to 4.05–4.75 mm, pupa 7.0 mm as opposed to 8.0– 9.2 mm). The variety described below is even smaller. However, the very characteristic cephalic tubercles assure the conspecificity. Perhaps the difference is caused by more generations in Lake Winnipeg and just one in Lake Tobin. The antennal ratios also differ with AR 2.93–3.40 in Lake Winnipeg versus 2.64–2.91 in Lake Tobin. Another explanation is that the presence of several species of the genus Cryptochironomus with similar ecology cause the different larvae to segregate in size in order to share the resources. Thus the larval size of C. ramus is depressed by the larger C. stylifera (Fig. 00). A similar size segregation takes place also among the larvae of Procladius Skuse where seven species are found in Lake Winnipeg, five of them common.</p><p>Distribution and ecology. Mason (1983: 412) collected larvae of C. ramus from pebble, sand and clay substrates in water 0.5–2.0 m deep in Lake Tobin, Saskatchewan.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AA946EFFFEE06013D0F895FC3CF971	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saether, Ole A.	Saether, Ole A. (2009): Cryptochironomus Kieffer from Lake Winnipeg, Canada, with a review of Nearctic species (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa 2208: 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189776
03AA946EFFFAE06313D0F88FFB90FE2B.text	03AA946EFFFAE06313D0F88FFB90FE2B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cryptochironomus	<div><p>Cryptochironomus ? ramus var.</p><p>Cryptochironomus sp. B Chang et al. 1994: 13.</p><p>Material examined. CANADA: Manitoba, Lake Winnipeg records: 3 km off McCreary Island, 1 male, 15.vii. 1969; Gimli Government Wharf, 24.vii. 1969; Beaver Point, 9 males, 7.vii.–6.viii. 1971; Beaver Creek, 2 males, 22–29.vii. 1971.</p><p>Six males from Lake Winnipeg have a lower AR and LR, and are smaller than the other C. ramus . They may represent another species or be merely a variety or form of C. ramus . On an average, their size is 22% smaller than that found in males of C. ramus . Some measurements are (n=6): Total length 5.27–6.29, 5.72 mm. Wing length 2.37–2.80, 2.53 mm. Total length/Wing length 2.22–2.48, 2.32.</p><p>Head. AR 2.52–2.80, 2.68. Temporals 24–32, 28. Clypeus with 11–20, 17 setae. Tentorium 153–173 long.</p><p>Thorax. Dorsocentrals 13–19, 15; prealars 5–8, 7. Scutellum with 16–36, 27 setae.</p><p>Wing. R4+5 with 12–17, 14 setae. Squama with 10–18, 15 setae.</p><p>Legs. LR1–3: 1.31–1.47, 1.40; 0.52–0.56, 0.54; 0.63–0.67, 0.65.</p><p>Hypopygium. Gonocoxite 176–200, 190 µm; gonostylus 176–186, 182 µm.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AA946EFFFAE06313D0F88FFB90FE2B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saether, Ole A.	Saether, Ole A. (2009): Cryptochironomus Kieffer from Lake Winnipeg, Canada, with a review of Nearctic species (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa 2208: 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189776
03AA946EFFF9E06313D0FDBAFB90FCBA.text	03AA946EFFF9E06313D0FDBAFB90FCBA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cryptochironomus eminentia Mason	<div><p>C. eminentia Mason</p><p>(Fig. 6 E)</p><p>C. eminentia Mason, 1985: 406</p><p>Cryptochironomus sp. D, Chang et al. 1994</p><p>Both sexes and all stages are described by Mason (1985). In Lake Winnipeg a single exuviae was collected at Beaver Point (Fig. 6 E). Mason (1983: 412) collected larvae of C. eminentia from gravel, sand and muck substrates in 0.1–2.5 m of water. Epler (2009) records the species from Florida.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AA946EFFF9E06313D0FDBAFB90FCBA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saether, Ole A.	Saether, Ole A. (2009): Cryptochironomus Kieffer from Lake Winnipeg, Canada, with a review of Nearctic species (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa 2208: 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189776
03AA946EFFF9E07F13D0FC56FB19FCAC.text	03AA946EFFF9E07F13D0FC56FB19FCAC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cryptochironomus imitans	<div><p>Cryptochironomus imitans sp. n.</p><p>(Fig. 4 B–D; 7)</p><p>Cryptochironomus sp. n. A, Chang et al. 1993. Cryptochironomus sp. n. C, Chang et al. 1994.</p><p>Type material. Holotype male, CANADA: Quebec, Gatineau Park, Lusk Cave, reared from larva, on logs in pool inside cave, 29.vi. 1966, A.L. Hamilton and J. Martin (CNC). Paratypes: CANADA: Manitoba, Pinawa, Winnipeg River, female reared from larva, 2.vii 1967, J. Ireland; Ontario, Lake Ontario, Bay of Quinte, Halton, male reared from pupa, 29.vii. 1968, W.F. Warwick; Ontario, Kenora, Experimental Lakes Area, Lake 172, mature male pupa, 26.vii 1968, S.S. Chang; Lake Winnipeg records: Pine Dock, 20 males, 10. &amp; 31.vii. 1969; 3 km off Grand Rapids, 1 male, 13.vii. 1969; 10 km off (Sturgeonskin) Long Point, 3 males, 14.vii. 1969; Gull Harbour, 1 males, 16.vii. 1969; Victoria Beach, 3 males, 25.vii. 1969; Grand Rapids Government Wharf, 5 males, 28.vii. 1969; Beaver Point, 2 males, 30.vi.–19.viii. 1971; Old Fishing Dock, 8 males, 29.vi.– 18.viii. 1971; Hecla Island, 2 males, 24 &amp; 25.viii. 1971; Beaver Creek, 1 male, 8.vi. 1971; 3 km southeast Bushgega Island, 1 male, 31.vii. 1969; North Basin, 1 larva, 9.vii. 1969.</p><p>Diagnostic characters. The imagines are characterized by a wing length of 2.02–2.81, male AR of 2.52– 3.05, LR1 of 1.56–1.83, presence of as long as wide to twice as is long as wide frontal tubercles or at least of ocelli, and hypopygium of C. fulvus type.</p><p>The female has 7 sensilla chaeticae on mid leg, 3 on hind leg; gonocoxite IX without setae; and segment X with 3 setae on each side.</p><p>The pupa is 5.1–6.3 mm long; has a simple 0.10–0.14 mm long cephalic tubercle with 31–60 µm long frontal seta; T I with distinct, T II–III with weak, and T IV–VI with barely indicated reticulation; caudal spines on T II–VII or VIII and S II–VIII; and 39–52 filaments in fringe of anal lobe.</p><p>The fourth instar larva has a head capsule length of about 0.43–0.44 mm, a postmentum length of about 160–180 µm, ventromental plates 2.6–2.7 times as wide as long, AR of 1.0–1.2, and apical tooth of mandible about 0.23 times as long as mandible.</p><p>Etymology: From Latin imitans, imitate, copy, referring to the similarity with several other species.</p><p>Male imago (n = 10–12, except when otherwise stated)</p><p>Total length 4.67–5.80, 5.35 mm. Wing length 2.02–2.81, 2.46 mm. Total length/Wing length 1.93–2.32, 2.15. Wing length/length of profemur 2.31–2.43, 1.37.</p><p>Head. AR 2.52–3.05, 2.76 µm (54). Temporals 29–41, 34. Clypeus with 11–25, 16 setae. Tentorium 149– 180, 159 µm long. Stipes 160–200, 177 µm long. Frontal tubercles (Fig. 4 B) 10–25, 15 µm high; 7–13, 9 µm wide. Palp lengths (in µm): 38–57, 47; 52–80, 65; 163–203, 189; 133–176, 157; 210–273, 237.</p><p>Thorax. Antepronotum with 7–13, 10 setae. Dorsocentrals 12–23,16; acrostichals 14–20, 17; prealars 4–7, 5. Scutellum with 12–25, 19 (63) setae.</p><p>Wing. VR 1.08–1.12, 1.10. Brachiolum with 2–4, 3 setae; R with 18–35, 24; R1 with 11–19, 16; R4+5 with 18–39, 27 setae. Squama with 8–19, 14 (52) setae.</p><p>Legs. Sensilla chaeticae 1–5, 3 (47) on mid leg; 0–3, 1.8 (51) on hind leg. Lengths and proportions of legs as in Table 2.</p><p>fe ti ta1 ta2</p><p>p1 874–1177, 1037 672–908, 820 1042–1513, 1351 572–723, 642</p><p>p2 840–1042, 961 740–1034, 914 452–638, 559 223–292, 264</p><p>p3 925–1177, 1074 992–1345, 1188 680–941, 832 347–442, 401 ta3 ta4 ta5 LR</p><p>p1 415–580, 519 286–469, 407 136–200, 166 1.56–1.83, 1.64(44)</p><p>p2 173–231, 204 107–143, 125 73–100, 89 0.58–0.63,0.61</p><p>p3 286–360, 329 163–197, 182 93–117, 106 0.68–0.72, 0.70</p><p>BV SV BR</p><p>p1 1.78–2.00, 1.86 1.33–1.48, 1.39 2.27–2.95, 2.48</p><p>p2 3.18–3.94,12.58 3.21–3.58, 3.36 3.03–4.10, 3.61</p><p>p3 2.84–3.36, 3.04 2.63–2.82, 2.72 4.18–6.13, 5.11</p><p>Hypopygium (Fig. 4 C). T IX with 30–45, 37 setae; laterosternites IX each with 4–6, 6 setae. Phallapodeme 134–170, 151 µm long. Transverse sternapodeme 78–107, 91 µm long. Gonocoxite 137–213, 168 µm; gonostylus 133–183, 155 µm long. HR 1.03–1.18, 1.08; HV 2.86–3.73, 3.40.</p><p>Female imago (n = 1)</p><p>Total length 3.69 mm. Wing length 2.14 mm. Total length/wing length 1.72. Wing length/length of profemur 2.19.</p><p>Head. AR 0.43. Flagellomeres length (microns): 90, 49, 50, 57, 98. Temporals 13. Clypeus with 13 setae. Tentorium 84 µm long. Stipes 106 µm long. Ocelli 4 µm high, 4 µm wide, 34 µm apart. Palpomere lengths (in µm): 32, 46, 103, 100, 149.</p><p>Thorax. Antepronotum with 8 setae. Dorsocentrals 23, more than 10 acrostichals, prealars 5. Scutellum with 25 setae.</p><p>Wing. VR 1.17. Brachiolum with 2 setae, R with 29; R1 with 28, R4+5 with 53 setae. Squama with 13 setae. Legs. Sensilla chaeticae 7 in apical 1/2 of ta l of mid leg, 3 on ta1 of hind leg. Lengths and proportions of legs as in Table 3.</p><p>fe ti ta1 ta2 ta3 ta4 ta5 LR BV SV BR p1 975 761 – – – – – – – – – p2 859 791 515 215 159 92 76 0.65 4.01 3.19 3.19 p3 908 1006 717 319 245 144 92 0.71 3.27 2.67 3.41 Genitalia (Fig. 4 D). Cercus 118 µm long. Gonocoxite IX bare. T IX with 46 setae. Segment X with 3 setae on each side. Notum 180 µm long. Seminal capsule 120 µm long, 90 µm wide.</p><p>Pupa (n = 4, except when otherwise stated)</p><p>Total length 5.09–6.29, 5.80 mm.</p><p>Cephalothorax. Cephalic tubercles (Fig. 7 B) simple, 100–140, 130 µm long; 50–120, 71 µm wide at base; 12–13, 12 µm wide at frontal seta; frontal seta 31–60 µm (3) long.</p><p>Abdomen (Fig. 7 A). T I distinctly, T II–III weakly, T IV–VI barely and faintly reticulated. Shagreen and chaetotaxy as illustrated. Caudal margin of T II with 26–30, 30 hooklets to each side of 100–140, 123 µm wide mesal interruption. Pedes spurii A present on S IV–VII; longest spinules 22–26, 24 µm on IV; 10–12, 10 µm on V–VII. Caudal margins of T II–VIII respectively with the following numbers of spines (lengths in parentheses): 10–35, 25 (4–10, 8 µm); 38–60, 48 (10–18, 15 µm), 33–60, 46 (14–29, 18 µm); 35–62, 49 (16– 21, 18 µm); 21–60, 40 (11–19, 15 µm); 17–48, 30 (10–20, 14 µm); 0–10, 3 (0–4 µm). Caudal margins of S II– VIII with the following numbers of spines (lengths in parentheses): 33–37, 35 (10–14, 12 µm); 22–39, 30 (10–12, 12 µm); 17–26, 22 (6–10, 9 µm); 12–23, 19 (8–17, 13 µm); 19–6, 22 (8–20, 14 µm), 14–32, 21 (14– 22, 20 µm); 16–54(3) (14–22 µm (3)) in male, none in female. Caudomedian projection of anal lobe 160–200, 183 µm long, 200–220, 20 µm wide; with 52–66, 60 µm long, 10–17, 13 µm wide branches. Genital sac of male with 14–15 µm (3) long, 14–15 µm (3) wide, rounded apical point; apical point of female genital sac 42 µm by 42 µm. Fringe of anal lobe with 39–52, 46 filaments.</p><p>Fourth instar larva (n = 1–2)</p><p>Head capsule length 0.43–0.44 mm.</p><p>Head. Antenna as in Fig. 7 C. Lengths of antenna] segments (in µm): 72–76, 30–36, 24–30, 2–3, 2–3. AR 1.07–1.24. Basal antennal segment 22 µm wide, 2.11–2.40 times as long as second segment; ring organ 42–46 µm from base. Preapical blade of second segment 32–38 µm long, apical style 9–12 µm long. Labrum (Fig. 7 D) with 26–36 µm long labral sensilla, S I 26 µm long, S II 34 µm long. Premandible 92–104 µm long. Mandible (Fig. 7 E) 120 µm long, with 28–33 µm long apical tooth which is 0.23 times as long as mandible. Basal segment of maxillary palp 56–58 µm long, 18–20 µm wide. Median tooth of mentum (Fig. 7 F), including darker lateral accessory teeth, 40 µm wide. Ventromental plate 130 µm wide, 48–50 µm, long, 2.60– 2.71 times as wide as long. Postmentum 160–180 µm long.</p><p>Abdomen. Procercus 26 µm high, 26 µm wide, with 505 µm long anal setae. Supraanal seta 410 µm; Supraanal seta/anal setae 0.81. Anal tubules triangular, 180 µm long, 90 µm wide at base.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AA946EFFF9E07F13D0FC56FB19FCAC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saether, Ole A.	Saether, Ole A. (2009): Cryptochironomus Kieffer from Lake Winnipeg, Canada, with a review of Nearctic species (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa 2208: 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189776
03AA946EFFE5E07913D0FC43FC1CFAFC.text	03AA946EFFE5E07913D0FC43FC1CFAFC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cryptochironomus curryi Mason	<div><p>Cryptochironomus curryi Mason</p><p>(Fig. 6 A, B; 8)</p><p>Cryptochironomus curryi Mason 1986: 404 .</p><p>Cryptochironomus fulvus Curry 1958: 435, Darby 1962:162, nec Johannsen 1905: 224.</p><p>Material examined. CANADA: Manitoba, Heming Lake, female reared from larva, 2.viii. 1967, A.P. Wiens. Lake Winnipeg record: Beaver Creek, 1 male, 19.viii. 1971.</p><p>The previously undescribed female is characterized by a wing length of about 2.4 mm, LR l of about 1.7, and absence of frontal tubercles.</p><p>Male imago</p><p>The hypopygium is illustrated by Darby (1962, fig. 49) and Mason (1986 fig. 2).</p><p>Female imago (n = 1)</p><p>Total length 4.93 mm. Wing length 2.42 mm. Total length/Wing length 2.03. Wing length/length of profemur 2.40.</p><p>Head. AR 0.48. Temporals 21. Clypeus with 22 setae. Frontal tubercles absent. Palp lengths (microns): 37, 73, 267, 143, 240.</p><p>Thorax. Antepronotum with 9 setae. Dorsocentrals 33, acrostichals 21, prealars 6. Scutellum with 29 setae.</p><p>Wing. VR 1.11. Brachiolum with 2 setae, R with 27, R1 with 23, R4+5 with 55 setae. Squama with 24 setae.</p><p>Legs. Sensilla chaeticae 25 on mid leg, 11 on hind leg. Lengths and proportions of legs as in Table 4.</p><p>fe ti ta1 ta2 ta3 ta4 ta5 LR BV SV BR p1 1009 714 1227 558 469 394 170 1.72 1.85 1.40 2.20 p2 874 832 503 252 190 120 83 0.60 3.42 3.39 2.64 p3 925 1126 748 340 286 167 110 0.66 3.10 2.74 4.58 Genitalia (Fig. 8 A). Cercus 113 µm long. Gonocoxite IX bare. T IX with 58 setae. Segment X with 4 setae on each side. Notum 210 µm long. Seminal capsules 110 µm long, 67 µm wide.</p><p>Pupa (n = 1)</p><p>Total length 6.5 mm (7.0 mm in Curry 1958:435, table 4).</p><p>Cephalothorax. Cephalic tubercles (Fig. 6 B) fused at base, 418 µm long (500 µm in Curry, 590–648 µm in Mason), 350 µm wide at base; main branch 124 µm long, 68 µm wide below lateral branch, 25 µm wide below frontal seta; lateral branch 95 µm long; frontal seta 70 µm long.</p><p>Abdomen (Fig. 6 A). Tergites and sternites not reticulated. Shagreen and chaetotaxy as illustrated. Caudal margin of T II with 38–41 hooklets to each side of 90 µm (Curry) – 200 µm wide mesal interruption. Pedes spurii A present on S IV–VI, longest spinules 23 µm on IV, 6–7 µm on V–VI. Caudal margins of T III–VII (VIII in male according to Curry) respectively with the following numbers of spines (lengths in parentheses): 41(9 µm), 49 (9 µm), 48 (12 µm), 37 (16 µm), 32 (14 µm). Caudal margins of S II with 24, up to 7 µm long spines; of S III with 10, up to 4 µm long; of VII with 20, up to 14 µm long spines; other sternites without caudal spines. Caudomedian projection of anal lobe 240 µm long, 240 µm wide at base; with 56 µm long, 18 µm wide branches. Genital sac with 30 µm long, 30 µm wide apical point. Fringe of anal lobe with 73 filaments (64–82 in Mason).</p><p>Fourth instar larva (n = 1)</p><p>Head capsule length 0.49 mm.</p><p>Head. Antenna as in Fig. 8 B. Lengths of antennal segments (in µm): 72, 36, 30, 4, 4. AR 0.97 (0.95–1.15 in Mason, 0.95 in Curry 1958: 435, table 3). Basal antennal segment 27 µm wide, 2.00 times as long as second segment, ring organ 40 µm from base. Preapical blade of second segment 46 µm long, apical style 9 µm long. Labrum (Fig. 8 C) with 33 µm long labral sensilla, S I 30 µm, S II 58 µm long. Premandible 106 µm long (110 in Curry). Mandible (Fig. 8 D) 148 µm long (144 in Mason, 140 µm in Curry), with 36 µm long apical tooth which is 0.24 times as long as mandible. Basal segment of maxillary palp 56 µm long, 21 µm wide. Median tooth of mentum (Fig. 8 E), including darker lateral accessory teeth, 48 µm wide. Ventromental plates 156 µm wide, 42 µm long, 3.71 times as wide as long (170 µm wide, 40 µm long in Curry). Postmentum 188 µm long. Abdomen. Procercus 34 µm wide, with 555 µm long anal setae.</p><p>Distribution and ecology. Curry (1958, table 2) mentions the species (as C. fulvus) from the silty littoral and sublittoral of a lake and from a pond in Michigan. Darby (1962:162) found the species (as Tendipes fulvus) in rice fields in California where most of the larvae occurred in deep standing or slowly flowing water. Mason (1983: 406) collected the species from sandy substrates in Saskatchewan River and Tobin Lake. Thus the only certain records for C. curryi are Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Michigan, and California. However, the males almost certainly are included in previous records of C. fulvus .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AA946EFFE5E07913D0FC43FC1CFAFC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saether, Ole A.	Saether, Ole A. (2009): Cryptochironomus Kieffer from Lake Winnipeg, Canada, with a review of Nearctic species (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa 2208: 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189776
03AA946EFFE3E07813D0FA08FC4AFD9D.text	03AA946EFFE3E07813D0FA08FC4AFD9D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cryptochironomus	<div><p>Cryptochironomus species in Lake Winnipeg</p><p>Amongst the seven Cryptochironomus species occurring in Lake Winnipeg three are very common and distributed all over the lake (Fig. 1). The larvae of C. ramus are most common outside Saskatchewan River, an area with moderate oligotrophy but with rich sediments due to previous pollution (Saether 1979). C. digitatus is evenly distributed all over the lake, while C. stylifera is scarce in the Narrows. The remaining four species of the genus are represented by few specimens with only C. blarina with more than one larva present in the bottom samples (Fig. 1). Imagines of all the common species were present during the full sampling period with most specimens caught between mid June to mid July (Chang et al. 1994).</p><p>Dyar (1890) studied 28 species of Lepidoptera larvae and reported that width of the head capsule consistently increased by a factor of 1.4 at each molt. This ratio has become known as Dyar's Rule. Soponis &amp; Russell (1982) questions the usefulness of applying Dyar’s rule to chironomid larvae since the existence of four larval instars is well established in chironomids and the groupings of instars obvious. However, the rule is most useful when several similar species are present in the same locality and especially the early instars difficult to separate, as is the case for Cryptochironomus in Lake Winnipeg. The inverse of as Dyar's Rule or 0.71 is more useful in order to identify earlier instars. McCauley (1974) did a study of the instar differentiation of larval chironomids and gave the head capsule length and width of about 40 species. The head capsule length of third instar as a percentage of the head capsule length of the fourth instar calculated from his tables varies between 56 and 71 %, with a mean of 63 %. The head capsule length of second instar as a percentage of the head capsule length of the third instar varies between 52 and 79 %, with a mean of 64 %. The variation probably would be less if the median instead of the mean were used. However, some species such as Pagastiella sp. A from Marion Lake, British Columbia (McCauley 1974 fig. 5C), and Diamesa valkanovi Saether (Saether 1968) from Finse, Norway, clearly have a higher than normal growth ratio. Both species are without a clear division between any two consecutive instars, and both have a mixture of one and two year generations. In Lake Winnipeg populations of C. stylifera the median of the head capsules of third instar are 57 % as long as the median of the head capsules of fourth instar and the head capsules of second instar 57 % as long as in third instar (Fig. 9); in C. digitatus the same ratios are 62% and 62.5 %; in C. ramus 61 % and 60 %. This facilitates the recognition of early instars as shown in Fig. 9.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AA946EFFE3E07813D0FA08FC4AFD9D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saether, Ole A.	Saether, Ole A. (2009): Cryptochironomus Kieffer from Lake Winnipeg, Canada, with a review of Nearctic species (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa 2208: 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189776
