identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03AA4A7DC047FFF87F969604FAD364D5.text	03AA4A7DC047FFF87F969604FAD364D5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euarestoides abstersus (Loew 1862)	<div><p>Euarestoides abstersus (Loew, 1862)</p><p>Figs. 2–3, 14–17, 38, 44, 50, 58</p><p>Trypeta abstersa Loew 1862: 221 [description]; Loew 1864: 91; Loew 1873: 322 [review].</p><p>Trypeta (Urellia) abstersa: Osten Sacken 1878: 194 [catalog].</p><p>Urellia abstersa: Loew 1873: 324, 330 [n. comb.]; Johnson 1895: 337 [Florida]; Coquillett 1899: 265 [synonymy]; Adams 1904: 450 [key]; Johnson 1909: 113 [distribution]; Johnson 1910: 803 [New Jersey]; Johnson 1913: 84 [Florida].</p><p>Euaresta abstersa: Coquillett 1899: 265 [taxonomy].</p><p>Trypanea abstersa: Johnson 1925: 264 [New England]; Leonard 1928: 853 [New York]; Johnson 1930: 151 [Massachusetts]; Curran 1932: 6 [key]; Brimley 1938: 384 [North Carolina]; Ouellet 1941: 130 [Quebec]; Phillips 1946: 83, 125 [description of larva, biology, host plant]; Hennig 1952: 212 [catalog of immature stages].</p><p>Tephritis abstersa: Cresson 1931: 3 [review].</p><p>Trupanea (Euarestoides) abstersa: Benjamin 1934: 58 [review, Florida, host plant].</p><p>Euarestoides abstersa: Hering 1941: 165 [n. comb.]; Aczél 1950: 292 [catalog]; Quisenberry 1951: 59 [taxonomy]; Foote 1958: 290 [review].</p><p>Euarestoides abstersus: Foote 1965: 669 [catalog]; Foote 1967: 24 [catalog]; Wasbauer 1972: 113 [host plant]; Hilgendorf &amp; Goeden 1982: 152 [host plant]; Foote et al. 1993: 156 [identification, distribution, host plant]; Norrbom et al. 1999: 146 [catalog]; Norrbom 2004 [database]; Sutton &amp; Steck 2006: 240 [Florida].</p><p>Diagnosis. This species differs from other species of Euarestoides, except E. pereirai, in having the apical ray in cell r 1 broad, similar in width to the subapical ray (Figs. 2–3). It further differs from E. bimaculatus and E. rionegrensis in having a completely darkened border on the anterodistal margin of the reticulate area between the pterostigma and crossvein r-m. It differs from E. acutangulus in having the area from the pterostigma to crossvein r-m with distinct and continuous pale brown markings, and from E. dreisbachi in having the lateral margin of the aculeus serrate, and the apical lobe of the acrophallus parallel sided (not with apex twice width of base as in E. dreisbachi). It differs from E. pereirai in lacking a distinct dark spot in cell r 4+5 within the subapical stellate mark, the medial prensiseta straight (not curved as in E. pereirai), and the acrophallus with a projecting apical lobe, as well as other differences indicated in the key.</p><p>Description. Body length 2.4–3.9 mm, yellow to brown in ground color. Setae generally pale brown to brown.</p><p>Head: Slightly higher (0.72–0.88 mm) than long (0.51–0.63 mm). Generally yellow, frons yellow to orange, ocellar tubercle brown to dark brown, and occiput brown medially and with brown mark sublaterally extending near vertical seta. Frons length (0.41–0.48 mm) less than or equal to width at vertex (0.43–0.51 mm), slightly narrowed anteriorly (width at anterior margin 0.36–0.39 mm). Gena with few small yellowish setulae on middle and ventral margin, genal seta acuminate, pale brown; gena height to eye long diameter ratio 0.22–0.25. Eye ovoid, long diameter 0.62–0.75 mm, width 0.49–0.56 mm. Antenna testaceous yellow, first flagellomere longer than wide. Maxillary palpus pale brown at apex with 2-3 distinct acuminate setulae.</p><p>Thorax: Length 1.1–1.4 mm, ground color of scutum brown, of scutellum yellow.</p><p>Wing (Figs. 2–3): Length 3.42–4.51 mm, width 1.05–1.68 mm. Area between pterostigma and crossvein r-m pale brown reticulate, with complete darker border along anterodistal margin ending anteriorly on vein R 1 or in apex of pterostigma; rest of pterostigma yellow or subhyaline. Cell r 1 with 3 rays in marginal part, most proximal ray narrow, distal two rays broad, most distal as broad as or subequal to subapical ray; rays bordering 3 marginal hyaline marks: largest immediately distad of pterostigma, oblique and extending into cell r 2+3; almost to vein R 4+5; second mark triangular, sometimes reaching vein R 2+3; and small rounded or triangular subapical mark usually not reaching vein R 2+3. Cell r 2+3 with 2 marginal hyaline marks (with complete medial dark ray). Cell r 4+5 with apical rays complete, distinctly broader apically; without distinct medial dark spot reaching vein R 4+5 near base of apical rays within the subapical stellate mark; subbasal hyaline spot near anterior end of crossvein dm-m large, more than ¾ width of cell. Cells bm and cu a mostly hyaline. Cells br, dm, and m 4 and anal lobe pale brown to gray reticulate, markings mostly connected. Dark ray over crossvein dm-m and 2 dark rays crossing cell m 1 all reaching posterior wing margin. Basal marginal hyaline mark in cell m 1 usually not reaching vein M 1 (first ray and ray on dm-m usually connected). Halter yellow.</p><p>Legs: Entirely yellow.</p><p>Abdomen: Ground color yellow to brown.</p><p>Female terminalia: Oviscape yellow, length 0.66–0.68 mm, width 0.55–0.58 mm at base and 0.23–0.24 mm at apex; basal half with setulae lanceolate, white and apical half with setulae acuminate, brown. Eversible membrane (Fig. 14) length 0.80–0.82 mm. Aculeus (Fig. 15) pale brown, length 0.70–0.76 mm, lateral margin serrate from proximal to opening of cloaca to subapically, tip (Fig. 16) triangular with elongate apex, length 0.17–0.19 mm. Spermathecae (Fig. 17) subspherical, length 0.13–0.15 mm.</p><p>Male terminalia: Medial surstylus with prensisetae equal and straight (Figs. 38, 44). Phallapodeme 0.32–0.34 mm long. Glans (Fig. 50) 0.21–0.23 mm long; acrophallus with straight, cylindrical apical lobe; vesica short.</p><p>Distribution. Nearctic. This species occurs in the Bahamas and on the Atlantic coastal plain of the United States from Massachusetts to Florida (Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia), as well as Texas (Fig. 58). Foote et al. (1993) also recorded it from Michigan, and Ouellet (1941) from Canada (Quebec). Records of this species from the western United States, Mexico, South America and Cuba refer to E. acutangulus .</p><p>Biology. This species has been reared from flowerheads of Carphephorus paniculatus (J.F. Gmel.) Herbert (= Trilisa paniculata (J.F. Gmel.) Cass.) (Eupatorieae) (Benjamin 1934; Phillips 1946). Foote (1958) also listed Solidago sp. and Suaeda sp. (as “seablite”) as “hosts”, but these are doubtful host plants, the records presumably based on adults swept from or collected on these plants. Hilgendorf &amp; Goeden (1982) also listed Xanthium strumarium L. as a host plant, citing Cresson (1931), but the data provided by that author do not indicate that specimens were reared. Adults have also been swept from or collected on Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. and Eupatorium serotinum Michx. Adults have been collected during April, May, November and December in the southern part of the range (Bahamas, Florida, Texas), and from June to October in the northern part of the range.</p><p>Type data. Loew (1862) described Trypeta abstersa from an unstated number of female specimens from “Amer. Boreal.” [North America] in the “Coll. Winth.” [Winthem Collection]. The range of body and wing lengths in the description suggests that there were multiple specimens, but Loew (1873: 324) later stated that he described this species from “a North American female in the Winthem Collection” and he did not have “the original specimen at hand for comparison”. According to Foote (1958: 290), the holotype is labeled “Am. Sept.” / “Coll. Winthem” / “84” / “abstersa, det. Loew”, and is deposited in the NMW, where the Winthem Collection is located.</p><p>Specimens examined. BAHAMAS: Abaco Cays, Allans City, 9 May 1953; E. B. Hayden, 1♂ (USNM USNMENT00119122) . UNITED STATES: Connecticut: Short Beach, 5 Sep 1885; C. V. 1393, 1 ♂ (USNM USNMENT00105354) . Delaware: Rehoboth Beach, 4 Aug 1941; A. L. Melander, 1♀ (USNM USNMENT00262502) . Florida: Conway, reared from Trilisa paniculata, 25 Nov 1929; D. J. Nicholson, 5♂ 8♀ (USNM) ; same, 27 Nov 1929; D. J. Nicholson, 1♂ (USNM); same, 28 Nov 1929; D. J. Nicholson, 1♀ (USNM); same, 5 Dec 1929; D. J. Nicholson, 3♂ (USNM); Cheney Hiway, E. St. Johns River, Solidago sp., 13 Dec 1929; H. H. Hume, 1♂ 2♀ (USNM) ; same, 14 Dec 1929; H. H. Hume, 1♂ (USNM); Miami, Dade Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-80.294136&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.643305" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -80.294136/lat 25.643305)">Kendall</a>, USDA <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-80.294136&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.643305" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -80.294136/lat 25.643305)">Subtropical Agricultural Research Center</a>, 25°38'35.9"N 80°17'38.9"W, sweeping Ambrosia artemisiifolia, 19 May 2004; A. L. Norrbom, 1♀ (USNM USNMENT00263024) ; Orlando, Bithlo, 1.6 km S Lake Pickett, Trilisa paniculata, 17 Dec 1929; C. Kine 1♂ (USNM) ; Orlando, reared from Trilisa paniculata, 12 Nov 1929; D. J. Nicholson, 4♂ 2♀ (USNM) ; same, 13 Nov 1929, 2♂ 4♀ (USNM); same, 15 Nov 1929, 3♂ 2♀ (USNM); same, 16 Nov 1929, 1♂ (USNM); same, 18 Nov 1929, 8♂ 1♀ (USNM); same, 20 Nov 1929, 12♂ 3♀ (USNM); same, 21 Nov 1929, 6♂ 5♀ (USNM); same, 22 Nov 1929, 1♂ 1♀ (USNM); same, 23 Nov 1929, 7♂ 5♀ (USNM); same, 25 Nov 1929; D. J. Nicholson, 12♂ 10♀ (USNM); same, 5 Dec 1929, 10♂ 11♀ (USNM); same, 6 Dec 1929, 1♂ (USNM); same, 7 Dec 1929, 1♂ 2♀ (USNM); Orlando, 12 Nov 1929; F. H. Benjamin 1♀ (USNM) ; Orlando, reared from Trilisa paniculata, 22 Nov 1929; F. H. Benjamin, 2♂ (USNM) ; same, 23 Nov 1929, 2♂ 2♀ (USNM); same, 24 Nov 1929, 3♂ 2♀ (USNM); same, 29 Nov 1929, 2♂ (USNM); same, 30 Nov 1929, 7♂ 3♀ (USNM); same, 2 Dec 1929, 5♂ 6♀ (USNM); same, 4 Dec 1929, 2♀ (USNM); same, 6 Dec 1929, 2♂ 1♀ (USNM); same, 9 Dec 1929, 3♂ 1♀ (USNM); same, 8-15 Dec 1929, 5♂ (USNM); Long Key, 23 Jul 1948; L. D. Beamer, 1♂ (UKaL USNMENT00215414) . Georgia: " southern Georgia ", Morrison, 1♂ (USNM USNMENT00105360) . Maryland: Calvert Co., Chesapeake Beach, flowers of Eupatorium seratinum [sic], 2 Sep 1916; H. L. Viereck, 1♂ (USNM USNMENT00119121) ; same, 18 Sep 1921; R. C. Shannon, 1♀ (USNM USNMENT00119105); same, on flowers seablite, 12 Sep 1925; J. M. Aldrich, 4♂ 2♀ (USNM USNMENT00119102-03; USNMENT00119117-20); same, 1 Aug 1930; J. M. Aldrich, 1♀ (USNM); Prince Georges Co., Beltsville, 6 Aug 1914; L. O. Jackson, 2♂ (USNM USNMENT00119112-13) ; St. Mary's Co., Piney Point, 26 Jul 1946; C. W. Sabrosky, 1♂ (USNM) ; Piney Point, 3.7 km E. of, 12 Jul 1931; H. S. Barber, 1♂ (USNM) . Massachusetts: Penikese Island, 7 Aug 1923; A. H. Sturtevant, 1♂ 1♀ (USNM USNMENT00105351; USNMENT00262605) . New Jersey: Atlantic Co., Atlantic City, 2 Sep 1935; Blanton &amp; Borders, 9♂ 4♀ (USNM USNMENT00105355-59; USNMENT00119101; USNMENT00119106; USNMENT00119114; USNMENT00262501; USNMENT00262604) ; Burlington Co., Riverton, 13 Jun 1909, 1♂ (USNM USNMENT00105353) ; same, 18 Jul 1909, 1♀ (USNM USNMENT00119108) . New York: Queens Co., Long Island, Douglaston, 2 Sep 1954; A. H. Sturtevant, 1♂ 2♀ (USNM USNMENT00119109-11) ; Suffolk Co., Long Island, Babylon, 12 Aug 1933; Blanton &amp; Borders, 1♂ (USNM) ; same, 21 Sep 1935; Blanton &amp; Borders, 1♀ (USNM USNMENT00105352) . North Carolina: Carteret Co., Bogue Island, 17 Oct 1974; G. C. Steyskal, 1♂ (USNM USNMENT00104331) ; Raleigh, 4 Aug 1940; S. C. Schell, 1♀ (USNM USNMENT00104332) . South Carolina: Beaufort Co., Fripp Island, 26 Sep 1973; G. C. Steyskal, 1♀ (USNM USNMENT00104330) . Texas: Hidalgo Co., Donna, sweeping, 11 Apr 1931; J. W. Monk 1♂ (USNM) . Virginia: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.25&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.866665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.25/lat 36.866665)">Norfolk</a> [36°52'N 76°15'W], 4 Sep 1943; R. H. Beamer, 1♂ (UKaL USNMENT00215415) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AA4A7DC047FFF87F969604FAD364D5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Savaris, Marcoandre;Norrbom, Allen L.;Marinoni, Luciane;Lampert, Silvana	Savaris, Marcoandre, Norrbom, Allen L., Marinoni, Luciane, Lampert, Silvana (2019): Revision of the genus Euarestoides Benjamin (Diptera: Tephritidae). Zootaxa 4551 (3): 299-329, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4551.3.3
03AA4A7DC045FFF07F9695A0FAB46299.text	03AA4A7DC045FFF07F9695A0FAB46299.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euarestoides acutangulus (Thomson 1869)	<div><p>Euarestoides acutangulus (Thomson, 1869)</p><p>Figs. 4–6, 18–21, 39, 45, 51, 58</p><p>Trypeta acutangula Thomson 1869: 583 [description; California]; Coquillett 1899: 265 [as synonym of E. abstersus].</p><p>Tephritis acutangula: Loew 1873: 335 [n. comb.]; Woodworth 1913: 137 [California]; Cresson 1931: 4 [review]; Knowlton &amp; Harmston 1937: 145 [Utah].</p><p>Trypeta (Tephritis) acutangula: Osten Sacken 1878: 194 [catalog].</p><p>Trupanea acutangula: Schwitzgebel &amp; Wilbur 1943: 5 [biology].</p><p>Trupanea (Euarestoides) acutangula: Benjamin 1934: 58 [classification, status].</p><p>Euarestoides acutangula: Hering 1941: 165 [Peru]; Aczél 1950: 293 [catalog]; Quisenberry 1951: 59 [taxonomy]; Foote 1958: 291 [review]; Foote &amp; Blanc 1963: 23 [review, California]; Lipp &amp; Schulz 1970: 27 [ecology].</p><p>Euarestoides acutangulus: Foote 1965: 669 [catalog]; Foote 1967: 24 [catalog]; Harris &amp; Piper 1970: 134 [host plant]; Wasbauer 1972: 114 [host plant]; Goeden &amp; Ricker 1974: 831 [host plants]; Goeden &amp; Ricker 1975: 304 [host plant]; Goeden &amp; Ricker 1976a: 49 [host plant]; Goeden &amp; Ricker 1976b: 926, 927, 929 [host plants]; Goeden &amp; Ricker 1976c: 1174 [host plant]; Piper 1976: 381 [biology]; Hilgendorf &amp; Goeden 1982: 152 [host plant]; Goeden 1986: 326 [host plant]; Goeden &amp; Ricker 1986: 42 [host plant]; Palmer 1987: 192 [host plants]; Foote et al. 1993: 158, 159, 160 [taxonomy, distribution, host plants]; Headrick &amp; Goeden 1995: 199 [behavior]; Norrbom et al. 1999: 146 [catalog]; Headrick &amp; Goeden 1999: 694 [behavior].</p><p>Trypeta abstersa: Cockerell 1898: 155 [New Mexico]; Cockerell 1902: 347 [New Mexico] [misidentifications].</p><p>Urellia abstersa: Doane 1899: 192 [distribution]; Wulp 1900: 426 [Mexico]; Snow 1903: 219 [Kansas]; Snow 1904: 345 [Arizona]; Tucker 1907: 105 [Colorado]; Aldrich 1913: 218 [Great Basin] [misidentifications].</p><p>Euaresta abstersa: Johnson 1903: 106 [New Mexico]; Cresson 1907: 106 [New Mexico, Texas]; Cole 1912: 158 [California]; Woodworth 1913: 137 [California] [misidentifications].</p><p>Trypanea abstersa: Hendel 1914: 81 [Chile, Peru records] [misidentification].</p><p>Tephritis abstersa: Janes &amp; Thomas 1932: 103 [Utah] [misidentification].</p><p>Euarestoides abstersa: Hering 1941: 164 [Chile, Peru records] [misidentification].</p><p>Trupanea abstersa: Stuardo 1946: 135 [Chile] [misidentification].</p><p>Diagnosis. This species differs from E. bimaculatus and E. rionegrensis in having a completely darkened border on the anterodistal margin of the reticulate area between the pterostigma and crossvein r-m. It differs from E. abstersus and E. pereirai in having the apical ray in cell r 1 much narrower than the subapical ray, and from E. abstersus and E. dreisbachi in having the reticulate area between the pterostigma and crossvein r-m discontinuous, interrupted by large hyaline spots (Figs. 4–6). It further differs from E. dreisbachi in having the aculeus with the lateral margin serrate, and the apical lobe of the acrophallus parallel-sided. It further differs from E. pereirai in lacking a distinct dark spot in cell r 4+5 within the stellate mark, the medial prensiseta straight, and the acrophallus with a projecting apical lobe.</p><p>Description. Body length 2.60–4.45 mm, dark brown in ground color. Setae generally pale brown to brown.</p><p>Head: Slightly higher (0.74–0.92 mm) than long (0.46–0.54 mm). Generally yellowish, frons yellow to orange, ocellar tubercle brown to dark brown, and occiput brown medially and with broad brown mark sublaterally extended nearly to vertical setae. Frons length (0.36–0.40 mm) less than width at vertex (0.42–0.58 mm), slightly narrowed to anterior margin (0.46–0.48 mm). Gena with few small yellowish setulae on middle and ventral margin; genal seta acuminate, pale brown; gena height to eye long diameter ratio 0.20–0.21. Eye ovoid, long diameter 0.61–0.80 mm, width 0.46–0.52 mm. Antenna testaceous, usually yellow (rarely dark), first flagellomere longer than wide. Maxillary palpus pale brown at apex with 3 distinct acuminate setulae.</p><p>Thorax: Length 1.02–1.65 mm, ground color of scutum dark brown, of scutellum dark brown with apical margin yellow.</p><p>Wing (Figs. 4–6): Length 3.27–3.83 mm, width 1.19–1.32 mm. Area between pterostigma and crossvein r-m pale brown to gray reticulate, but with markings discontinuous, interrupted by large hyaline spots, with completely darkened border along anterodistal margin ending anteriorly on vein R 1 or in apex of pterostigma. Pterostigma subhyaline to yellowish, occasionally with anteromedial brown spot. Cell r 1 with 3 rays in marginal part, most proximal ray narrow, medial ray broad, most distal as narrow as or subequal to proximal ray; rays bordering 3 marginal hyaline marks: largest immediately distad of pterostigma, oblique and reaching to or almost to vein R 4+5; second mark triangular, usually extending to beyond vein R 2+3; and small rounded or triangular subapical mark usually reaching vein R 2+3. Cell r 2+3 with 2 marginal hyaline marks (with complete or sometimes incomplete medial dark ray). Cell r 4+5 with apical rays complete, distinctly broader distally; without distinct medial dark spot reaching vein R 4+5 near base of apical rays within the subapical stellate mark; subbasal hyaline spot near anterior end of crossvein dm-m large, more than ¾ width of cell. Cells bm and cu a mostly hyaline. Cells br, dm, and m 4 and anal lobe pale brown to gray reticulate with large hyaline spots, markings mostly narrowly connected. Dark ray over crossvein dm-m and 2 dark rays crossing cell m 1 all reaching posterior wing margin. Basal marginal hyaline mark in cell m 1 usually reaching vein M 1 (first ray and ray on dm-m sometimes faintly connected). Halter yellow.</p><p>Legs: Entirely yellow.</p><p>Abdomen: Ground color usually dark brown (sometimes base of syntergite 1+2 yellowish).</p><p>Female terminalia: Oviscape yellow to brown, length 0.77–0.90 mm, width 0.66–0.70 mm at base and 0.24–0.26 mm at apex; basal half with setulae lanceolate, white, and apical half with setulae acuminate, brown. Eversible membrane (Fig. 18) length 0.81–0.84 mm. Aculeus (Fig. 19) pale brown, length 0.70–0.75 mm, lateral margin serrate from proximal to opening of cloaca to subapically, tip (Fig. 20) triangular with elongate apex, length 0.17–0.19 mm. Spermathecae (Fig. 21) subspherical, length 0.19–0.22 mm.</p><p>Male terminalia: Medial surstylus with prensisetae equal and straight (Fig. 39). Phallapodeme 0.37–0.39 mm long. Glans (Fig. 51) 0.23–0.25 mm long, acrophallus with straight, cylindrical apical lobe; vesica ca. ¼ length of internal sclerites.</p><p>Distribution. Nearctic and Neotropical. Central Canada (Alberta, Manitoba, Saskatchewan), Chile (Antofagasta, Coquimbo, Santiago, Tarapacá), Colombia (Boyacá, Cundinamarca, Valle del Cauca), Cuba (Artemisa), Dominican Republic (Pedernales, San Cristóbal), Ecuador (Azuay, El Oro, Loja), Mexico (Baja California, Baja California Sur, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Durango, Michoacán, Nayarit, Oaxaca, San Luis Potosí, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Zacatecas), Peru (Arequipa, Cusco, Huánuco, Ica, La Libertad, Lima, Tacna), Puerto Rico (Isabela), Trinidad &amp; Tobago (Trinidad), central and western USA (Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, New York, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Washington, Wisconsin, Wyoming), and western Venezuela (Lara, Mérida, Trujillo) (Fig. 58). Elevational records range from 457 to 3900 m. The gap in distribution in Central America suggests that this species may have been introduced to South America.</p><p>Biology. This species has been reared from flowerheads of at least 21 species of Asteraceae . The reported host plants are mainly in the tribe Heliantheae, including: Ambrosia acanthicarpa Hook. (Goeden &amp; Ricker 1974), A. ambrosioides (Delpino) W. W. Payne (Piper 1976), A. chamissonis (Less.) Greene (= Franseria villosa Rydb.) (Foote 1958; Wasbauer 1972; Piper 1976; Goeden 1986), A. chenopodiifolia (Benth.) W. W. Payne (Foote 1958; Foote &amp; Blanc 1963; Goeden &amp; Ricker 1976), A. confertiflora DC. (Goeden &amp; Ricker 1975), A. deltoidea (Torr.) W. W. Payne (Piper 1976), A. dumosa (A. Gray) W. W. Payne (Goeden &amp; Ricker 1976; Headrick &amp; Goeden 1995), A. eriocentra (A. Gray) W. W. Payne (Goeden &amp; Ricker 1976), A. ilicifolia (A. Gray) W. W. Payne (Goeden &amp; Ricker 1976), A. psilostachya DC. (Goeden &amp; Ricker 1976; Piper 1976), A. salsola (Torr. &amp; A. Gray) Strother &amp; B. G. Baldwin (Foote 1958; Goeden &amp; Ricker 1986; Headrick &amp; Goeden 1995, as Hymenoclea salsola), Dicoria canescens A. Gray (Goeden &amp; Teerink 1993), Heliomeris sp. (new data, 1 male reared), Iva axillaris Pursh (Goeden &amp; Teerink 1993), and I. hayesiana A. Gray (Wasbauer 1972), Parthenium hysterophorus L. (new data), Xanthium strumarium L. (Foote 1958, as X. canadense, unclear if record based on reared specimens) and Xanthium sp. (Foote 1958; Foote &amp; Blanc 1963). However, several non-Heliantheae hosts also have been reported, including: Anaphalis margaritacia (L.) Benth. &amp; Hook. f. ( Gnaphalieae) (Wasbauer 1972); Arnica chamissonis Less. subsp. foliosa (Nutt.) Maguire (Madieae) (Foote &amp; Blanc 1963); Gaillardia aristata Pursh (Foote 1958), and Helenium autumnale L. (Helenieae) (Wasbauer 1972). Ericameria paniculata (Gray) Rydb. (Astereae) (Foote 1958; Wasbauer 1972, as Chrysanthemum [presumably error for Chrysothamnus] paniculatus), Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britton &amp; Rusby ( Astereae) (Foote 1958), and Senecio flaccidus var. douglasii (DC.) B. L. Turner &amp; T. M. Barkley (Senecioneae) (Foote 1958, record probably based on California specimens listed by Foote &amp; Blanc 1963: 23 “ex” this plant and probably not reared) also have been reported as hosts, but the status of these records is questionable as they may have been based on adults collected on the plants. Asparagus officinalis L. (as asparagus), Medicago sativa L. (as alfalfa), Prunus virginiana L. (as chokecherry), Sesuvium sessile Pers., Sisymbrium sp., Sphaeralcea angustifolia (Cav.) G. Don and Zizania sp. (as rice) have been erroneously reported as hosts (Foote 1958). Adults have been collected in May-July in Canada, in February-September and November in Mexico, in February, April, May, August, October and November in Chile, in January, May and July in Colombia, in March in Ecuador, in July and September in Venezuela, in February, June, August, October and November in Peru, in July and August in the Dominican Republic, in January in Puerto Rico, and in August in Trinidad.</p><p>Type data. Thomson (1869) described this species from an unstated number of male specimens from “ California ”. The lectotype male, designated by inference of holotype by Foote (1958: 291), according to Foote is labeled “ California ” [white] / “Kinb.” [white] / “Typus” [white] / “ Trypeta acutangula Thoms. ” [white] / “74, 56” [red]. It is deposited in the NRS.</p><p>Specimens examined. CANADA: Alberta: Medicine Hat, 1 Jun 1952, A. R. Brooks, 1♂ 1♀ (CNC) ; Onefour, 4 Jun 1955, J. R. Vockeroth, 1♀ (CNC) . Manitoba: Bald Head Hills, 20.9 km N of Glenboro, Betula occidentalis (ex), sand dunes, 21 Jun 1958, J. F. McAlpine, 1♀ (CNC) ; Boissevain, 17 Jul 1953, Brooks &amp; Kelton, 1♀ (CNC) ; Forrest, 14.4 km N, Prairie slough (wooded), 29 Jul 1958, J. G. Chillcott, 1♀ (CNC) ; Shilo, 4.8 km S, Leafy spurge (ex), 30 Jun 1958, R. L. Hurley, 1♀ (CNC) ; Shilo, 8 km SW, Floodplain community nr. Tamarack Bog, 22 Jul 1958, J. G. Chillcott, 1♀ (CNC) . Saskatchewan: Elbow, 26 Jun 1960, A. R. Brooks, 2♂ (CNC) ; Great Sand Hills, 27 May 1955, J. R. Vockeroth, 1♂ (CNC) ; Val Marie, 11 Jun 1955, J. R. Vockeroth, 1♀ (CNC) ; Val Marie, 13 Jun 1955, A. R. Brooks, 1♂ (CNC) . CHILE: Antofagasta: Chinino, Camino Talabre, 6 Oct 1955, L. E. Peña, 1♀ (CNC) ; Pocos, Des . Atacama, 2800 m, Apr 1954, L. Peña, 8♂ 12♀ (CNC) 1♂ 1♀ (USNM USNMENT00262608- 09) . Coquimbo: La Serena Beach, associated to flowers of Ambrosia ( Franseria like), 20 May 1992, C. Garcia, 1♂ (USNM USNMENT00105361) ; La Serena, Atualsol, on Potato, 20 Feb 1932, M. Kisliuk &amp; C. E. Cooley, 1♂ (USNM USNMENT00105362) . Santiago: Jamaica, 2000 m, 2 Aug 1975, C. Forter, 1♀ (USNM) . Tarapacá: Azapa, 9 Nov 1955, L. E. Peña, 1♂ (CNC) ; Azapa, 8-10 Nov 1955, L. E. Peña, 1♀ (CNC) ; Codpa, 2000 m, 2 Aug 1975, C. Porter, 1♀ (IML) . COLOMBIA: Boyacá: V. de Leiva, 30 Jul 1991, on flowers Ambrosia cumanensis, C. Garcia, 1♂ (USNM USNMENT00105365) . Cundinamarca: Funza, papa, 3 Jun 1958, E. Idrobo, 3♂ (ICAT) 1♂ (USNM USNMENT00105363); Funza, papa, 22 Jan 1957, M. Revalo 1♂ (ICAT) . Valle del Cauca: La Combre, 18 May 1914, H. S. Parish, 1♂ (USNM USNMENT00105366) . CUBA: Artemisa: San Antonio de los Baños, J. Bequaert, 3♀ (MCZ) . DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: Pedernales: " <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.63333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.316668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.63333/lat 18.316668)">Las</a> Abejas" 7.3 km NE Las Mercedes, 18°19'N, 71°38'W 1100-1150 m, 20 Aug 1983, F. M. Harrington, J. D. Weintraub, 1♂ (USNM) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.63333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.15" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.63333/lat 18.15)">La Abeja</a>, 38 km NNW Cabo Rojo, 18°09'N, 71°38'W, 1250 m, 15 July 1987, J. E. Rawlins, R. L. Davidson, 1♀ (CMP) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.63333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.1" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.63333/lat 18.1)">Cabo Rojo</a>, 23.5 km N, 18°6'N 71°38'W, 540 m, deciduous forest; intercept trap, 13-19 Jul 1990, L. Masner, J. Rawlins &amp; C. Young, 1♀ (CMP) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.63333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.1" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.63333/lat 18.1)">Cabo Rojo</a>, 26 km N, 18°6'N 71°38'W, 760 m, 17 Jul 1987, J. Rawlins &amp; R. Davidson, 2♂ (CMP CMNH-353, 601, 731) . San Cristóbal: San Cristóbal, Jul 1969, J. Maldonado C., 2♂ (USNM USNMENT00105367-68) . ECUADOR: Azuay: Tarqui-S. Isabel road, 2200-2800 m, 10-13 Mar 1965, L. E. Peña, 4♂ 1♀ (CNC) . El Oro: Tres Cerritos, 17-18 Feb 1965, L. E. Peña, 1♂ (CNC) . Loja: Loja, 2500 m, 23-25 Mar 1965, L. E. Peña, 7♂ 3♀ (CNC) . MEXICO: Baja California: Colonet, 3.5 km SW, 9 May 1985, Carter, Bloomfield &amp; Faulkner, 1♀ (SDNHM) ; El Condor, 3.8 km S, 13 May 1981, Faulkner &amp; Brown, 1♀ (SDNHM) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-114.13333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.25" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -114.13333/lat 29.25)">El Crucero</a>, 29°15'N 114°8'W, sweeping Atriplex sp., 4 Apr 1976, J. Doyen, 2♂ 4♀ (UCB) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-114.75&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.75" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -114.75/lat 29.75)">El Rosario</a>, 48.7 km E, 29°45'N 114°45'W, 24 Mar 1981, Faulkner &amp; Andrews, 1♂ (SDNHM) ; Los Frailes, 18 Mar 1953, P. H. Arnaud, Jr., 1♀ (CAS) ; Las Encinas, 3.2 km W, 1585 m, 18 Mar 1972, J. Powell, 1♂ (UCB) ; Mission San Bonja, 457 m, 31 Mar 1973, J. Doyen &amp; J. Powell, 1♀ (UCB) ; Puertocitos, 20.9 km S, 4 Apr 1973, J. Doyen, J. Powell &amp; S. L. Szerlip, 2♂ (UCB) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-114.76667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.766666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -114.76667/lat 29.766666)">Rancho Santa Ines</a>, 9 km NW, 29°46'N 114°46'W, 550 m, 6 Apr 1985, Clark &amp; Blom, 2♀ (LACM) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-114.75&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.75" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -114.75/lat 30.75)">San Felipe</a>, 41.8 km S, 30°45'N 114°45'W, 15 Apr 1965, D. Q. Cavagnaro, C. E. &amp; E. S. Ross, 1♂ (CAS) ; same, 31°N 114°52'W, 20 Feb 1954, P. H. Arnaud, Jr., 2♂ 1♀ (USNM); same, 31°N 114°52'W, 24 Mar 1963, G. I. Stage, 1♂ 1♀ (UCB); San Juanico, 9.3 km S, 30 Mar 1985, Bloomfield &amp; Faulkner, 1♂ (SDNHM) ; Santa Ines, 1.6 km E, 6 Apr 1985, Bloomfield &amp; Faulkner, 1♂ (SDNHM) ; Sierra Juarez, Cantillas Canyon, "Narrows" mouth, 21 Mar 1967, J. Powell, 1♂ (UCB) . Baja California Sur: Isla San Marcos, 31 Mar 1953, P. H. Arnaud, Jr., 1♂ (CAS) ; Santa Maria Bay, 14 Mar 1953, P. H. Arnaud, Jr., 1♀ (CAS) ; 3.7 km W Mexico 1 on Bahia Tortugas road, 19 Mar 1981, Faulkner &amp; Andrews, 1♂ (SDNHM) ; 131 km W Mexico 1 on Bahia Tortugas road, 18 Mar 1981, Faulkner &amp; Andrews, 4♂ 11♀ (SDNHM) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-112.61667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.35" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -112.61667/lat 26.35)">Arroyo San Miguel</a>, 44.5 km NE of, 26°21'N 112°37'W, 1 Apr 1985, Bloomfield &amp; Faulkner, 1♂ (SDNHM) ; Agua Verde Bay, 26 Mar 1953, P. H. Arnaud, Jr., 1♀ (CAS) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-110.3&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.166666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -110.3/lat 24.166666)">La Paz</a>, 24°10'N 110°18'W, 20 Feb 1974, G. E. Bohart, 1♀ (LACM) ; same, 21 Feb 1974, G. E. Bohart, 1♀ (LACM) . Chiapas: Ocozocoautla, 11.2 km SW, 2500 m, 1 Aug 1974, O'Brien &amp; Marshall, 1♂ (CAS) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-92.63333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.75" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -92.63333/lat 16.75)">San Cristobal de Las Casas</a>, 16°45'N 92°38'W, P. J. Spangler, 4♂ 1♀ (USNM) ; same, 2 Aug 1956, J. W. MacSwain &amp; D. D. Linsdale, 1♀ (UCB); same, 2134-2287 m, 20 Aug 1963, H. V. Weems, Jr., 1♀ (FSCA USNMENT00214924); same, 2161 m, 16 May 1969, B. V. Peterson, 1♀ (CNC); same, 2195 m, 1 Jun 1969, 1♂ (CNC); same, 3.2 km E, 29 Jul 1957, J. Chemsak &amp; B. J. Rannells, 16♂ 20♀ (UCB); same, 11.2 km SE, 2134 m, 26 May 1969, H. J. Teskey, 1♂ (CNC); same, 12.8 km SE, 10 Jul 1956, J. W. MacSwain, 3♂ 2♀ (UCB); Teopisca, Hwy . 39.7 km SW, 23 May 1969, B. V. Peterson, 1♀ (CNC) . Chihuahua: Camargo, 21 Sep 1970, G. E. &amp; R. M. Bohart, 1♂ (LACM) ; Juarez, 30 Jan 1965, B. A. Young, 1♀ (USNM) ; Juarez, 20.9 km S, 18 Aug 1952, E. E. Gilbert &amp; C. D. MacNeil, 3♂ (UCB) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-106.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -106.5/lat 30.5)">Juarez</a>, 96.5 km S, 30°30'N 106°30'W, 20 Aug 1970, D. W. Davis, 2♂ (LACM) . Durango: Alamillo, 19.3 km N, 21 Feb 1953, R. C. Bechtel &amp; E. I. Schlinger, 2♀ (UCB) ; Durango, 24°2'N 104°40'W, 1829-1982 m, 13 May 1965, H. V. Weems, Jr., 1♂ (FSCA USNMENT00214923) . Michoacán: San Jose Purua, Jun 1965, N. L. H. Krauss, 3♂ 1♀ (USNM) . Nayarit: San Blas, La Bajada, 20-21 Mar 1983, W. J. Hanson, 1♀ (LACM) . Oaxaca: Mitla, 4.8 km W, 9 Apr 1953, R. C. Bechtel, 1♂ (UCB) . San Luis Potosí: C. del Maiz, 64.3–80.4 km NW, 20 Nov 1948, E. S. Ross or H. B. Leech, 4♂ 1♀ (CAS) ; San Luis Potosi, 40.2 km NE, 9 Sep 1972, G. F. &amp; S. Hevel, 1♀ (USNM) . Sinaloa: Los Mochis, 6 May 1953, R. C. Bechtel &amp; E. I. Schlinger, 1♀ (UCB) . Sonora: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-111.066666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.966667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -111.066666/lat 27.966667)">Bahia San Carlos</a>, 27°58'N 111°4'W, 18 Feb 1963, P. H. Arnaud, Jr., 1♀ (USNM) ; Choya Bay, 27 Mar 1949, G. M. Bradt, 1♀ (AMNH) ; Gulf of California, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-112.6&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.7" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -112.6/lat 28.7)">Isla San Esteban</a>, 28°42'N 112°36'W, 2 Apr 1953, P. H. Arnaud, 3♀ (CAS) ; Obregon, 19 Dec 1952, J. S. Caldwell, 1♂ (USNM) ; Punta Penasco, 10 Apr 1963, F. G. Andrews, 1♂ (UCR) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-110.9&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.983334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -110.9/lat 27.983334)">San Jose Guaymas</a>, 27°59'N 110°54'W, 10 Apr, L. O. Howard, 2♂ (USNM) ; Sonoyta, 32 km W, M.S. Mulla, 3♂ 2♀ (UCR) ; Sonora, 21 Apr 1947, A. L. Melander, 1♂ (USNM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-112.833336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.85" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -112.833336/lat 31.85)">Sonoyta</a>, near, 31°51'N 112°50'W, D. Veirs, 1♀ (LACM) . Tamaulipas: El Limon, 32.1 km N, 10 Nov 1946, E. S. Ross, 1♂ (CAS) . Tlaxcala: Apizaco, 19 Jul 1965, Flint &amp; Ortiz, 1♀ (USNM) . Veracruz: Tampico, 25 Feb 1972, F. Parker &amp; D. Miller, 1♂ 2♀ (USNM) . Zacatecas: Fresnillo, 8 km S, 7 Aug 1954, E. G. Linsley, J. W. MacSwain &amp; R. F. Smith, 1♂ 1♀ (UCB) ; Fresnillo, 14.4 km S, 10 Aug 1954, E. G. Linsley, J. W. MacSwain &amp; R. F. Smith, 1♂ (UCB) ; Salinas, 30.5 km E, 10 Sep 1973, W. J. Hanson &amp; B. A. Haws, 1♀ (LACM) . PERU: Arequipa: Arequipa, 26 Aug, Cockerell, 2♀ (USNM) . Cusco: Cusco, 3500 m, 12 Jun 1905, [C. A. W. Schnuse expedition], 1♂ (SMT); Cusco, Aug 1973, B. V. Ridout, 2♂ 1♀ (BMNH); Cusco, 7-8 Jun 1984, B. Malkin, 1♂ 1♀ (MZUSP); Sacsayhuaman, 3900 m, 5 Aug 1971, C.&amp; M. Vardy, 1♀ (BMNH) ; Urcos, 9 Feb 1978, P. M. Marsh, 1♂ 1♀ (USNM USNMENT00105373-74) . Huánuco: 11 km N of Huánuco, Espensa, 5 Feb 1984, W. N. Mathis, 1♂ (USNM USNMENT00262602) ; Tingo María, 18 Aug, Cockerell, 1♂ 1♀ (USNM) . La Libertad: Trujillo, 29 Jun 1960, D. A. Young, sweeping weeds, 1♂ (USNM USNMENT00262500) . Lima: Chontay, Sep 1970, R. Garcia, 1♀ (MZUSP) ; Chosica, Nov 1961, N. L. H. Krauss, 1♀ (USNM USNMENT00105372) . Tacna: Tacna, 22 Oct 1902, [C. A. W. Schnuse expedition], 1♀ (SMT) . PUERTO RICO: Isabela: Punta Rosario, 14 Jan 1963, P. J. Spangler, 1♂ (USNM USNMENT00105364) . TRINIDAD &amp; TOBAGO: Trinidad: Curepe, on flowers of Parthenium hysterophorus L., Aug 1976, F. D. Bennett, 1♂ (FSCA USNMENT00214922) ; Curepe, reared from flowerheads of Parthenium, Jun 1970, R. Cruttwell, 3♀ (USNM USNMENT00105369-71) . UNITED STATES: Arizona: Cochise Co., Carr Canyon, Huachuca Mountains, 19 Aug 1969, J. G. &amp; B. L. Rozen, 1♂ (AMNH) ; Cave Creek, Chiricahua Mountains, nr. Portal, Juglans sp. (fr foliage), 3 Oct 1966, P. H. Arnaud, Jr., 3♂ 5♀ (CAS) ; Paradise, unident. composite (swept), 26 Aug 1987, F. L. Blanc, 1♂ 1♀ (FLB) ; Ramsey Canyon, 24.1 km S Sierra Vista, 26 May 1967, Sternitzky, 1♂ (CNC) ; same, Malaise trap, 4–10 Apr 1967, R. F. Sternitzky, 6♂ 3♀ (CNC); Tombstone, 27 km W, swept in dry grass, 24 Sep 1981, L. L. Cedarholm, 1♂ 1♀ (ZIL) ; Coconino Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-111.65&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.416668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -111.65/lat 35.416668)">Flagstaff</a>, 22.5 km N, 35°25'N 111°39'W, 17 Jul 1967, S. M. Anderson, 1♀ (NAU) ; Flagstaff, 26 km NW, 35°21'N 111°47'W, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-111.78333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.35" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -111.78333/lat 35.35)">Swept</a>, grass &amp; herbs under pines, 21 Sep 1981, L. L. Cederholm, 1♂ (ZIL) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-111.65056&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.198055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -111.65056/lat 35.198055)">Flagstaff</a>, 35°11'53"N 111°39'2"W, 8 Jul 1941, R. H. Beamer, 1♂ (UKaL USNMENT00215366) ; Oak Creek Canyon, 14.4 km N of Sedona, 35°N 111°45'W, 23 Mar 1967, A. J. Banta, 1♀ (NAU) ; San Francisco mountains, 31 May 1965, R. S. Beal, 1♂ (NAU) ; Maricopa Co., Avondale, 8 km SW, 1 Apr 1967, G. I. Stange, 1♀ (USNM) ; Buckeye, 12.8 km S, 10 Apr 1965, M. Irwin, 1♂ (UCR) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-112.46667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.95" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -112.46667/lat 32.95)">Gila Bend</a>, 24.1 km E, 32°57'N 112°28'W, 16 Feb 1953, E. I. Schlinger, 6♂ 16♀ (CIS) ; Glendale, 1 Apr 1911, E. G. Smythe, 2♂ (CIS) ; Pima Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-110.92583&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.22167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -110.92583/lat 32.22167)">Tucson</a>, 32°13'18"N 110°55'33"W, 12 Apr 1941, B. P. Bliven, 1♂ (CAS) ; Tucson, 17 Jun 1917, J. M. Aldrich, 1♂ 1♀ (USNM) , same, 6 Sep 1933, Bryant, 1♂ 3♀ (USNM), same, 15 Apr 1933, Bryant, 1♂ (USNM); Tuscon, 10 Oct 1943, J. Hendrickson, 1♂ (USNM) ; Sentinel Peak, W of Tucson, 2 Mar 1966, R. F. Sternitzky, 1♀ (CNC) ; Pinal Co., Florence, 25 Mar 1951, B. P. Blevin, 1♂ (CAS) ; Superior, 13 Apr 1935, A. L. Melander 1♀ (USNM) ; Santa Cruz Co., Santa Rita mountains, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-110.84778&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.69611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -110.84778/lat 31.69611)">Mt. Wrightson</a>, 31°41'46"N 110°50'52"W, 28 Aug 1962, H. E. Milliron, 1♀ (CNC) ; Washington mountains, near Nogales, 7 Sep 1927, J. A. Kusche, 1♀ (CIS) ; Yavapai Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-112.85&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.162502" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -112.85/lat 34.162502)">Congress</a>, 34°9'45"N 112°51'W, 23-26 Apr 1967, D. M. Wood, 2♂ 3♀ (CNC) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-111.916664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.783333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -111.916664/lat 34.783333)">Cottonwood</a>, 9.6 km NE of, 34°47'N 111°55'W, 2 May 1967, C. D. Johnson, 1♂ (NAU) ; Drake, 4.8 km S, Black light trap, 10 Jul 1971, J. Beloy, 1♀ (NAU) ; Oak Creek Valley road, 4 May 1978, R. C. Miller, 1♂ (UCD) ; Rimrock, 22 Apr 1967, D. M. Wood, 1♂ (CNC) ; Yuma Co., Telegraph Pass, Gila mountains, 25 Feb 1965, R. S. Funk, 2♀ (NAU) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-114.63333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.083332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -114.63333/lat 33.083332)">Yuma</a>, 37 km N, 33°5'N 114°38'W, 2 Apr 1967, D. M. Wood, 1♂ 5♀ (CNC) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-114.62361&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.725277" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -114.62361/lat 32.725277)">Yuma</a>, 32°43'31"N 114°37'25"W, 19 Feb 1965, R. S. Funk, 1♂ (NAU) ; same, 32°43'31"N 114°37'25"W, 9 Jan 1966, R. S. Funk, 3♂ (NAU) . California: Alameda Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-122.2&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.783333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -122.2/lat 37.783333)">Oakland</a>, 37°47'N 122°12'W, Baccharis pilularis consanguinea (DC.) C. B. Wolf (swept), 11 Nov 1983, P. H. Arnaud, Jr., 1♂ (CAS) ; Alameda Co., Sunol (4.8 km N), 28 Aug 1983, T. W. Davies, 1♀ (CAS) ; Contra Costa Co., Sherman Is., Helianthus annuus, 14 Aug 1979, E. G. &amp; J. M. Linsley, 2♂ (EGL) ; Death Valley, Furnace Creek Ranch, 22 Mar 1970, E. J. Rogers, 1♀ (EJR) ; Del Norte Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-124.06528&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.546944" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -124.06528/lat 41.546944)">Requa</a>, 41°32'49"N 124°3'55"W, 4 Aug 1920, C. D. Duncan, 1♀ (SJS) ; Del Norte Co., Steven's Camp, 5 Aug 1970, L. Apigian, 2♂ 2♀ (CAS) ; Fresno Co., Coalinga (8 km S), Jacalitos Cyn., 17 Mar 1975, P. A. Rude, 1♂ (CIS) ; Fresno Co., Marshall Sta., 21 Apr 1983, D. J. Burdick, 1♀ (CAS) ; Fresno Co., Mendota (28.9 km SW), Ciervo Hills, Ephydra californica, 18 Mar 1975, P. A. Rude, 1♂ (CIS) ; Helendale, 18 May 1955, W. R. Mason, 1♂ (CNC) ; Humboldt Co., Gold Bluff Beach, nr. Orick, Achillea borealis, 24 Jul 1976, 1♀ (UCD) ; Imperial Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-115.97389&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.709167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -115.97389/lat 32.709167)">Davies Canyon</a> entrance, 32°42'33"N 115°58'26"W, 23 Feb 1979, J. W. Brown &amp; D. K. Faulkner, 3♂ 3♀ (SDNHM) ; Davies Valley, 32°40'N 116°W, 16 Apr 1976, D. K. Faulkner, 1♂ (SDNHM) ; Fish Creek Mountains, 20 Apr 1955, W. R. Richards, 1♂ (CNC) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-114.9&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.166668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -114.9/lat 33.166668)">Glamis</a>, 24.1 km NE of, 33°10'N 114°54'W, Encelia farinosa (ex), 17 Apr 1969, R. R. Pinger, 1♀ (USNM) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-115.066666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.033333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -115.066666/lat 33.033333)">Glamis</a>, 3.2 km N, 33°2'N 115°4'W, Oenothera deltoides (on), 27 Jan 1977, P. A. Rude, 1♂ 2♀ (CIS) ; same, Dithyrea californica, San Bernardino Co. Joshua Tree Nat. Mon., Indian Cove Camp, 25-26 Mar 1981, S. E. Miller, P. M. Mercer, 2♀ (USNM) ; Smith River, on flowers of Franseria villosa Ryd'b., 8 Jul 1930, J. M. Alderich, 1♂ 6♀ (USNM) ; same, 23 Jul 1932, J. M. Alderich 1♀ (USNM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-115.07111&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.9975" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -115.07111/lat 32.9975)">Glamis</a>, 32°59'51"N 115°4'16"W, 19 May 1977, D. K. Faulkner, 1♂ (SDNHM) ; same, 21 Sep 1975, B. Villegas, 1♂ 1♀ (UCD); Kane Springs, Westmorland, 14 Feb 1955, W. R. Mason, 1♀ (CNC) ; Ogilby road, 4.8 km S Jct.Hwy 78, 20-22 Mar 1978, Wasbauer, Slandky &amp; Adams, 1♀ (CDFA) ; Ogilby, Encelia sp. (on), 6 Apr 1977, L. Bezark, 1♀ (SJS) ; Inyo Co., Death Valley Jct. (48.2 km W), 25 Mar 1975, R. W. Brooks, 8♂ 2♀ (UCD) ; Deep Springs (3.2 km E), 14 May 1979, L. D. French &amp; N. J. Smith, 1♀ (UCD) ; same, 16 May 1966, Fisher &amp; Orth, 1♀ (UCR); Panamint City (8 km W), Sunrise Cyn., Encelia farinosa (colld. from), 6 Apr 1961, R. P. Allen, 1♂ 1♀ (FLB) ; Salsberry Pass, SW of Shoshone, Encelia farinosa (swept), 9 Apr 1990, P. H. Arnaud, Jr., 9♂ 1♀ (CAS) ; Westgard Pass (3.2 km W), Prunus andersonii, 16 May 1969, P. Welles, 1♂ (CIS) ; Kern Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-118.0742&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.7228" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -118.0742/lat 35.7228)">Berts Canyon</a>, base, 8 km NW Walker Pass, 35.7228°N 118.0742°W, marsh runoff from Coyote Spring, 1250 m, 25 Apr 2002, S. D. Gaimari, 1♀ (USNM USNMENT00104224) ; Blackwell Corner (7.5 km W), 24 Mar 1981, A. Hardy &amp; R. Aalbu, 1♀ (CAS) ; Frazier Park, Chrysothamnus nauseosus (on), 25 Apr 1956, R. F. Wilkey, 1♀ (USNM) ; Mojave (16 km W), 24 Mar 1947, P. H. Arnaud, Jr., 4♂ 1♀ (PHA) ; Mojave, Des Piut Butte, 6 May 1949, A. L. Melander, 1♀ (USNM) ; Mojave Desert, Love Joy Spring, 10 May 1944, A. L. Melander, 1♂ (USNM) ; Shafter, 21 May 1938, F. D. Horn, 1♀ (CAS) ; Kern Co., Taft, 21 May 1938, F. D. Horn, 1♀ (CAS) ; Tehachapi, 29 Mar 1942, C. D. Duncan, 2♂ (SJS) ; Tupman (1.6 km NW), Amsinckia sp. (on), 19 Mar 1975, J. A. Powell, 1♀ (CIS) ; Lassen Co., Hallelujah Junction, 29 Jun 1976, Montgomery &amp; Bortfeld, 1♂ 1♀ (UCD) ; Herlong (3.2 km SW), 11 Sep 1983, J. B. Whitfield, 1♀ (CIS) ; Susanville, alfalfa (swept), 18 May 1927, C. C. Wilson, 1♂ (USNM) ; Litchfield, 22 Jun 1937, B. P. Bliven, 1♀ (CAS) . Los Angeles Co., Los Angeles, Griffith Observatory, yellow cruciferae (swept), 23 Mar 1972, P. H. Arnaud, Jr., 3♂ 4♀ (CAS) ; Marin Co., Point Reyes National Seashore, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-122.95&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.14306" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -122.95/lat 38.14306)">North Beach</a>, 38°8'35"N 122°57'W, Ambrosia chamissonis, 3 Jun 1978, J. A. Powell, 1♀ (CIS) ; Mendocino Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-123.775&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.515835" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -123.775/lat 39.515835)">Inglenook Fen</a>, N of Cleone, 39°30'57"N 123°46'30"W, dunes, 24 Jul 1975, J. A. Powell, 2♀ (CIS) ; Modoc Co., Buck Creek Ranger Station, Cirsium cymosum, 5-7 Jun 1970, J. T. Doyen, 1♀ (CIS) ; Fort Bidwell (8 km SE), Surprise Val. dunes, 9 Jun 1970, P. A. Rude, 1♀ (CIS) ; Willow Ranch (4.8 km E), Isatis tinctoria, 10 Jun 1970, J. A. Powell, 1♀ (CIS) ; Sonora Pass, 2.4 km E, 14 Jul 1988, F. L. Blanc, 1♀ (FLB) . Monterey Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-121.802505&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.749443" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -121.802505/lat 36.749443)">Salinas River</a>, dunes S of mouth, 36°44'58"N 121°48'9"W, Ambrosia chamissonis, 15 Jul 1976, J. A. Powell, 1♂ (CIS) ; Napa Co., Angwin, 27 Jul 1976, A. G. Lui, 2♀ (CAS) ; Lake Hennesy, 27 Jul 1976, L. Eighme, 3♀ (CAS) ; Needles (40.2 km NW), 8 Apr 1971, F. L. Blanc, 2♂ 3♀ (FLB) ; Nevada Co., Boca, 23 Jun 1978, M. A. Roese, 1♀ (UCD) ; Hobart Mills, 27 Jun 1980, L. A. West, 1♀ (UCD) ; Sagehen Creek, 20 Jun 1976, G. M. Streett, 1♀ (UCD) ; Truckee, 25 Jun 1943, P. H. Arnaud, Jr., 2♀ (PHA) ; Newberry, 14 Mar 1955, W. R. Mason, 1♂ (CNC) ; Placer Co., Blue Canyon road 8 km W Imigrant Gap, 29 Jul 1974, E. L. Smith, 1♂ (CAS) ; Rancho Mirage, 6 Apr 1955, W. R. Mason, 9♂ 5♀ (CNC) ; Riverside Co., Agua Caliente Ind. Res., Palm Cyn., 24 Feb 1970, P. H. Arnaud, Jr., 1♀ (CAS) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-116.53611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.762222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -116.53611/lat 33.762222)">Andreas Canyon</a>, 33°45'44"N 116°32'10"W, 19 Apr 1979, J. C. Hall, 1♀ (UCR) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-114.59556&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.610275" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -114.59556/lat 33.610275)">Blythe</a>, 33°36'37"N 114°35'44"W, 1 May 1955, W. R. Richards, 1♂ (CNC) ; Boyd Deep Desert Research Center, Coyote Wash, Phacelia distans, 5 Apr 1978, R. W. Brooks, 9♂ 6♀ (UCD) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-115.211105&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.47639" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -115.211105/lat 33.47639)">Chuckwalla Spring</a>, 14.4 km NW, 33°28'35"N 115°12'40"W, Encelia sp. (swept), 24 Mar 1975, E. J. Rogers, 5♂ 3♀ (EJR) ; Deep Cyn. Research Sta., 8 Apr 1978, A. J. &amp; M. E. Gilbert, 3♂ 4♀ (AJG) ; Joshua Tree National Monument, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-115.80056&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.697224" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -115.80056/lat 33.697224)">Cottonwood Canyon</a>, 33°41'50"N 115°48'2"W, 7 Apr 1967, D. M. Wood, 2♂ 1♀ (CNC) ; same, 7 Apr 1957, A. L. Melander, 1♂ (USNM); La Quinta, 7 Mar 1955, J. E. H. Martin, 16♂ 14♀ (CNC) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-116.37361&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.72222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -116.37361/lat 33.72222)">Palm Desert</a>, 33°43'20"N 116°22'25"W, 8 Mar 1952, N. A. Lewis, 14♂ (SJS) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-116.54444&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.830276" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -116.54444/lat 33.830276)">Palm Springs</a>, 33°49'49"N 116°32'40"W, Larrea tridentata, 8 Apr 1974, P. D. Hurd, 1♂ (CIS) ; same, 28 Mar 1974, E. J. Rogers, 2♂ (EJR); same, 11 Apr 1955, W. R. Mason, 18♂ 15♀ (CNC); same, 7 Jan 1954, P. H. Arnaud, Jr., 1♀ (CAS); Thermal, 9 Apr 1955, W. R. Mason, 3♀ (CNC) ; Thousand Palms, 6 Mar 1955, J. E. H. Martin, 9♂ 7♀ (CNC) ; same, 7 Mar 1951, J. C. Hall, 1♂ (USNM USNMENT00213156); Tin Mine Canyon, Salvia mellifera, 6 Apr 1968, R. Hobza, 1♂ (UCR) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-116.6375&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.925003" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -116.6375/lat 33.925003)">White Water</a>, 33°55'30"N 116°38'15"W, 13 Mar 1955, W. R. Mason, 1♀ (CNC) ; same, 17 Mar 1955, W. R. Mason, 1♂ 2♀ (CNC); White water <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-118.352776&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.35583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -118.352776/lat 34.35583)">Canyon</a>, 34°21'21"N 118°21'10"W, Encelia sp. (on), 4 Apr 1977, L. Bezark, 2♂ (SJS) ; same, 11 Nov 1944, A. L. Melander, 1♂ (USNM); White water, Snow Creek, 22 Mar 1955, W. R. Mason, 3♀ (CNC) ; San Bernardino Co., Baker (24.1 km W), Chiopsis linearis, 6 May 1977, R. W. Brooks, 1♀ (UCD) . Barstow &amp; Baker, rest stop between, 24 Mar 1992, P. H. Arnaud, Jr., 2♂ (CAS); Bonanza Springs, Clipper mountains, 2 Apr 1975, S. Szerlip &amp; J. Hafernik, 1♀ (CIS) ; Danby (4.8 km NW), 2 Apr 1975, S. S zerlip &amp; J. Hafernik, 1♂ (CIS) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-115.19583&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.065556" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -115.19583/lat 34.065556)">Granite Pass</a>, 34°3'56"N 115°11'45"W, Prunus fasiculata (on), 27 Apr 1968, R. Hobza, 2♂ 2♀ (UCR) ; Hidden Valley, San Bernardino, mountains, 5 May 1958, A. L. Melander, 1♀ (USNM) ; Indian Cove Campground, Josh. Tr. N. Mon., 25-26 Mar 1981, S. E. Miller &amp; P. M. Mercer, 2♂ (USNM) ; Kingston Peak, E. side, 38.6 km NNW of Hwy. 15 &amp; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-115.83361&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.726944" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -115.83361/lat 35.726944)">Cima</a> road, 35°43'37"N 115°50'1"W, 20 Apr 1984, D. Sandri, 1♂ (UCB) ; Kramer Hills, Machaeranthera tortifolia, 8 May 1978, R. W. Brooks, 1♀ (UCD) ; Mentone, 4 May 1955, H. S. McGill, 1♂ (UCR) ; New York mountains, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-115.27473&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.271667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -115.27473/lat 35.271667)">Keystone Canyon</a>, 35°16'18"N 115°16'29"W, 11-12 Jun 1979, D. K. Faulkner, 1♂ (SDNHM) ; Pearblossom (19.3 km E), 26 May 1980, N. J. Smith, 1♂ (UCD) ; Rainbow Basin, 14 Apr 1972, S. Frommer, 1♀ (UCR) ; Trona (near), 22 Mar 1970, E. J. Rogers, 3♂ 2♀ (EJR) ; Victorville, 24 May 1955, W. R. Mason, 1♂ 1♀ (CNC) ; San Diego Co., Borrego Desert, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-116.4125&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.270832" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -116.4125/lat 33.270832)">Palm Canyon</a>, 33°16'15"N 116°24'45"W, Encelia sp., 1 Apr 1946, A. L. Melander, 1♂ (USNM) ; same, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-116.37417&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.255833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -116.37417/lat 33.255833)">Borrego Springs</a>, 33°15'21"N 116°22'27"W, 1 Apr 1978, D. K. Faulkner, 3♂ 2♀ (SDNHM) ; same, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-116.410835&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.21361" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -116.410835/lat 33.21361)">Tubb Canyon</a>, 33°12'49"N 116°24'39"W, 1 Apr 1978, D. K. Faulkner, 1♂ 2♀ (SDNHM) ; same, Carriso Gorge, 24 Mar 1978, D. K. Faulkner, 1♀ (SDNHM) ; same, Escondido, 19 Dec 1954, B. Bailey, 2♀ (SDNHM) ; same, Julian, 2 May 1959, D. Bagert, 2♀ (UCR) ; same, Sweeny Pass (4.8 km S), 1 Apr 1978, D. K. Faulkner, 8♂ 7♀ (SDNHM) ; San Mateo Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-122.4275&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.46361" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -122.4275/lat 37.46361)">Half Moon Bay</a>, 37°27'49"N 122°25'39"W, Franseria chamissonis bipinnatisecta (swept), 28 Jun 1960, F. L. Blanc, 6♂ 6♀ (FLB) ; Santa Barbara Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-119.875&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.026665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -119.875/lat 34.026665)">Santa Cruz Is.</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-119.875&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.026665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -119.875/lat 34.026665)">Christi Beach</a>, 34°1'36"N 119°52'30"W, reared from flowerheads of Ambrosia chamissonis, 8 Oct 1985, R. D. Goeden, 6♂ 8♀ (UCR) ; Shasta Co., Sacramento River, 10 Aug 1969, E. J. Rogers, 1♂ (EJR) ; Siskiyou Co., Coffee Creek (19.3 km W), Big Flat Cpgd., 12 Aug 1977, S. Kuba, 4♀ (CAS) ; Rattlesnake Meadow, 9 Aug 1970, L. Eighme, 1♂ (CAS) ; Young's Valley, 6 Aug 1970, L. Eighme, 2♂ (CAS) ; Solamint, 28 Apr 1955, W. R. Mason, 1♂ (CNC) ; Solano Co., Ryer Is. Ferry, Fennel (on flrs), 7 Aug 1976, L. Bezark, 1♀ (SJS) ; Stanislaus Co., La Grange, 2 Aug 1987, R. P. Allen, 1♂ (CAS); Sutter Co., Nicolaus (along Feather Riv.), 11 Oct 1982, J. B. Whitfield, 2♂ 1♀ (CIS) ; Tehama Co., Red Bluff, Frick trap (amm.carb.), 11 Sep 1974, T. R. Haig, 1♀ (CDFA) ; Thousand Palms, Willis Palm Oasis, 3 Apr 1955, W. R. Mason, 10♂ 6♀ (CNC) ; Tulare Co., Summit Lake, 1961, A. L. Melander, 1♂ (USNM) ; Tagus, Helianthus annuus, 28 Oct 1979, E. G. &amp; J. M. Linsley, 1♂ (EGL) ; Yolo Co., Dixon (16 km SE), Yolo Bi-Pass, 16 Apr 1978, W. W. Middlekauff, 1♀ (CIS) ; Palo Verde, Cal. Imperial Co. 7 Mar 1949, W.W. Wirth, 1♀ (USNM) ; Sacramento, swept from flowering Actomipcia hetereplylla, 29 Jul 1958; Palm Springs Riverside Co. 25-Feb 1954, P. H. Arnaud, 4♂ 3♀ (USNM) ; Phelan, Shp Crk Can, 5 May 1949, A. L. Melander, 1♂ 1♀ (USNM) ; Truckee, 8 Aug 1915, H. G. Dyer, 1♂ (USNM) ; Cherry Valley, 11 Jan 1938, Christenson, 1♂ (USNM) ; San Ysidro, 24 Apr 1948, E. D. Algert, 20♂ 13♀ (USNM) ; San Ysidro, ex. Franseria chenopodiifolia, 28 Apr 1948, E. D. Algers, 2♂ 5♀ (USNM) ; San Ysidro, Rd— Xanthium flr, 29 Aug 1949, 7♂ 7♀ (USNM) ; Long Beach, 14 Aug 1949, A. L. Melander, 2♂ (USNM) ; Palm Springs, 29 Apr 1949, A. L. Melander, 5♂ 1♀ (USNM) ; same, 26 Feb 1935, A. L. Melander, 1♀ (USNM); same, 23 Feb 1954, P. H. Arnaud, 24♂ 18♀ (USNM); same, 22 Nov 1943, A. L. Melander, 1♂ (USNM); same, 15 Mar 1955, A. L. Melander, 1♂ 3♀ (USNM); same, 25 Feb 1954, A. L. Melander, 1♂ 1♀ (USNM); same, 29 Mar 1955, A. L. Melander, 3♂ 3♀ (USNM); same, 19 Nov 1957, A. L. Melander, 1♂ (USNM); same, 28 Feb 1956, A. L. Melander, 2♂ (USNM); same, 12 Nov 1944, A. L. Melander, 1♂ (USNM); same, 15 Mar 1955, A. L. Melander, 4♂ (USNM); same, 23 Apr 1944, A. L. Melander, 2♂ (USNM); same, 24 Apr 1944, A. L. Melander, 2♂ (USNM); Riverside Co., Whitewater, 3 Mar 1956, 1♂ (USNM USNMENT00213157) ; San Francisco, Mt. Little Spring, 11 Jul 1913, 1♂ 1♀ (USNM) . Colorado: Alamosa Co., Hooper, 5 Aug 1957, C. D. Michener, 1♂ (UKaL USNMENT00215374) ; Alamosa Co., Mosca, 24.1 km E, on Cleome serrulata, 6 Aug 1957, C. D. Michener, 1♂ 6♀ (UKaL USNMENT00215367–73) ; Boulder Co., Boulder, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-105.28853&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.992332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -105.28853/lat 39.992332)">Chataqua Park</a>, 39°59'32.4"N 105°17'18.7"W, 20 Aug 2006, A. L. Norrbom, 1♀ (DNA sample ALN-2006-136); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-105.28853&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.992332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -105.28853/lat 39.992332)">Boulder</a>, 8 km S, 16 Jun 1961, C. H. Mann, 2♂ 1♀ (CNC) ; Reservoir, in marsh, 30 May 1961, B. H. Poole, 1♂ 1♀ (CNC) ; Valmont Butte, 7 Jun 1961, C. H. Mann, 1♂ 1♀ (CNC) ; Nederland, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-105.51028&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.96139" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -105.51028/lat 39.96139)">Science Lodge</a>, 39°57'41"N 105°30'37"W, 3 Jul 1961, A. A. Bucknell, 1♂ (CNC) ; El Paso, Manitou Springs, 5-10 Sep 1980, G. F. &amp; J. F. Hevel, 1♂ (USNM) ; Great Sand Dunes Nat. Mon., 1 Aug 1968, E. C. Becker, 1♂ 1♀ (CNC) ; Jackson, Rabbit Ears Pass, 7 Jul 1961, J. G. Chillcott, 1♀ (CNC) ; Kit Carson, Denver, 180 km E, on Hwy . I-70, swept among dry grass, 2 Oct 1981, L. L. Cedarholm, 2♀ (ZIL) ; Larimer Co., Fort Collins, 24 Jul 1902, L. A. Titus, 1♀ (USNM) ; I-25 + Rt. 1 exit 278, 40°42'12"N 104°59'55"W, 1596 m, sweeping Helianthus sp., 9 Jul 2009, A. L. Norrbom, 1♂ (USNM USNMENT00745593) ; Nederland (8 km E), 2 Jul 1961, J. G. Chillcott, 1♀ (CNC) ; same, Caribou, 18 Jun 1961, C. H. Mann, 1♀ (CNC) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-105.11667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.466667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -105.11667/lat 39.466667)">Douglas Co. Roxborough St.</a> Park, 39°28'N 105°07'W, reared ex flowers Heliomeris sp., 29 Aug 1992, A. L. Norrbom, 1♂ (USNM) . Idaho: Curlew National Grasslands, 23 Jun 1971, Knowlton, Hanson &amp; Bohart, (LACM) ; Oneida, Curlew Valley Reservoir, 27 May 1969, Knowlton, Hanson &amp; Bohart, (LACM) ; same 30 Jul 1969, Knowlton, Hanson &amp; Bohart, (LACM); same, Ireland Canyon, 2 Sep 1969, Knowlton, Hanson &amp; Bohart, (LACM) . Kansas: Kansas City (107 km W), swept among fresh grass, 3 Oct 1981, L. L. Cedarholm, 1♀ (ZIL) ; Labette Co., Oswego, at light, 31 May 1966, G. F. Hevel, 1♀ (USNM) . Michigan: Ingham Co., East Lansing, 17 May 1936, C. W. Sabrosky, (USNM) ; Lenawee Co., Blissfield, Trap in alfalfa, 21 Nov 1978, W. A. Martin, 1♀ (CUIC) ; Wayne Co., Grosse Isle, 31 May 1949, R. R. Dreisbach, 1♂ (USNM) . Minnesota: Clay Co., Dilworth (6.4 km E), 4 Sep 1967, J. S. Wong, 1♀ (CIS) . Mississippi: Lafayette Co., [unspecified locality], 1975, F. M. Hull, 1♂ 3♀ (CNC) . Nebraska: Fremont, 1♀ (CUIC) ; Sutherland, 4 Jun 1961, C. H. Mann, 1♂ (CNC) ; Clark, Jean, 25 Apr 1978, N. J. Smith, 1♂ (UCD) . Nevada: Clark, Lake Mead, 23 Apr 1978, N. J. Smith, 1♀ (UCD) ; same, Mountain Springs Summit (4.8 km S), 9 May 1965, R. C. Bechtel, 1♂ 3♀ (NDA) ; Nye, Beatty (4.8 km S), Lycium pallidum var. oligospermum, 29 Mar 1963, R. C. Bechtel, 8♂ 1♀ (NDA) ; same, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-115.99361&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.660557" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -115.99361/lat 36.660557)">Mercury</a>, 36°39'38"N 115°59'37"W, 10 Jun 1965, BYU-AEC-NTS, 1♀ (USNM) ; Mercury, BYU-AEC-NTS, 24 Jun 1965, 3♂ (USNM) ; Pershing, Seven Devils Springs, 19 May 1965, R. C. Bechtel, 1♂ (NDA) ; Washoe, Nixon, 29 Jun 1927, E. P. VanDuzee, 11♀ (CIS) ; Las Vegas, 335.2 m, June 2001, Cockerell, 1♂ 1♀ (USNM) . New Mexico: Bernalillo Co., Sandia Ski Area, Helianthus annuus (on), Aug-Sep 1981, G. Dodson, 6♂ 6♀ (Dodson); Bernalillo, Univ. of New Mexico Campus, Senecio douglassii (on), Sep 1981, G. Dodson, 1♀ (Dodson); Guadalupe, Santa Rosa, 23 Jun 1941, B. Hogden, 1♀ (UKaL USNMENT00215378) ; Hidalgo Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-108.87862&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.088333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -108.87862/lat 32.088333)">Cotton City</a>, 14.4 km N, 32°5'18"N 108°52'43"W, Wislizenia refracta, 11 Aug 1978, R. W. Brooks, 1♀ (UCD) ; same, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-108.70805&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.350277" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -108.70805/lat 32.350277)">Lordsburg</a>, 32°21'1"N 108°42'29"W, Larrea tridentata, 23 May 1973, P. D. Hurd, 1♀ (CIS) ; Lincoln Co., Lincoln Natl. Forest, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-105.69611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.45139" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -105.69611/lat 33.45139)">White Mt.</a> Wilderness, head of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-105.69611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.45139" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -105.69611/lat 33.45139)">Mills Canyon Trail</a> along <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-105.69611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.45139" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -105.69611/lat 33.45139)">Rio Bonito</a>, 33°27'5"N 105°41'46"W, 2134 m, 10 Jun 1995, S. D. Gaimari, 1♂ 1♀ (INHS USNMENT00056109–10) ; San Miguel, Sapello, taken on oak, 25 Jul 1950, P. P. Cook, 1♀ (UKaL USNMENT00215377) ; Sandoval Co., Valles Caldera National Preserve, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-106.552864&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.88375" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -106.552864/lat 35.88375)">Redondito Peak</a>, weather station, 35°53'1.5"N 106°33'10.3"W, 26 Jun 2007, A. L. Norrbom, L. H. Rodriguez, J. J. Gulbransen, 1♂ 1♀ (USNM USNMENT00212125, USNMENT00212127) ; Sierra, Truth or Consequences (4.8 km N), Bahia sp. (on), 29 Sep 1962, P. H. Timberlake, 1♂ (UCR) ; Nevada: Mercury, BYU-AEC-NTS, 24 Jun 1965, 3 ♂ (USNM) ; Las Cruces, on Sisymbrium, 17 Apr 1995, N. M. Cockerell, 1♀ (USNM) ; Las Cruces, 13.3 km NM, Townsend, on Solidago arizonica, 1♀ (USNM) ; same, 14 Jun 1917, J. M. Aldrich, 1♀ (USNM); same, 16 Jun 1917, J. M. Aldrich, 1♀ (USNM) . New York: Honeoye Falls, 16 Jun 1914, M. D. Leonard, 1♀ (CUIC) . North Dakota: Mercer Co., Grassland R 84W, T144N, Sec 22, grassland, 6 Jul 1972, A. C. F. Hung, 1♀ (Kannowski) . Richland Co., Walcot (17.7 km W), 4 Sep 1970, J. A. Powell, 1♂ (CAS) . Oregon: Curry Co., Gold Beach (10 km S), Whitehead St. Pk., 29 Jul 1988, R. Danielsson, 1♂ (ZIL) . Texas: Big Bend Natl. Park, Panther Junction, 13 May 1959, J. F. McAlpine, 1♀ (CNC) ; Brewster Co., Alpine (54 km S), grass (swept), 22 Sep 1981, L. L. Cedarholm, 1♂ 1♀ (ZIL) ; Laijta (5 km SW), 27 km W Study Butte, swept along Rio Grande Riv., 21 Sep 1981, L. L. Cederholm, 2♂ (ZIL) ; Marathon, 32.1 km S, 12 Apr 1949, Michener &amp; Beamer, 1♀ (UKaL USNMENT00215379) ; Culberson Co., Van Horn (8 km W), swept among grass &amp; bushes, 23 Sep 1981, L. L. Cedarholm, 8♂ 6♀ (ZIL); Fredericksburg, Umbellifer (flrs), 18 Apr 1959, J. F. McAlpine, 1♂ (CNC) ; Howard, Big Springs (24 km E), 19 Sep 1981, L. L. Cedarholm, 1♂ (ZIL) ; Pacos (17.7 km NW), 15 Sep 1965, P. H. Timberlake, 1♀ (UCR) ; Reeves Co., Toyahvale, 22 Mar 1967, D. M. Wood, 4♂ 6♀ (CNC) . Utah: Elsinore, 7 Aug 1907, E. G. Titus, 1♂ (USNM) ; Emery Co., Castle Dale, on Cleome serrulata, 10 Aug 1957, C. D. Michener, 1♂ (UKaL USNMENT00215375) ; Emery Co., Green River, 6 Jun 1956, G. F. Knowlton, 1♀ (CIS) ; Hanksville (20.9 km S), Fairview Ranch., 4 Aug 1968, J. E. H. Martin, 1♀ (CNC) ; San Juan, Kane Springs, on Cleome lutea, 9 Aug 1957, C. D. Michener, 1♂ (UKaL USNMENT00215376) ; Wayne Co., Henry Mountains, 38.6 km S of Hanksville, 29 Jul 1968, J. E. H. Martin, 1♀ (CNC) . Washington: Pacific Co., (3.2 km N) Long beach, along Pacific Ocean, 3 Aug 1983, J. Jenkins, sweeping Ambrosia sp., 2♂ 1♀ (ESALQ ESALQ1524-1, ESALQ1524-2, ESALQ1524-3) ; Canby State Park nr. Ilwaco, 3 Aug 1983, J. Jenkins, J. M. Sirota, sweep. vegetation, 1♀ (ESALQ ESALQ1524-4) ; Pacific, Loomis Lake State Park, 19 Jun 1984, R. Danielsson, 43♂ 19♀ (ZIL) ; Klipsan Beach, 1.6 km S. Pacific Co., 26-28 Aug 1976, W. J. Turner, 1♂ 1♀ (USNM) . Wisconsin: Parfrey's Glen Portage, 10 Sep 1973, 1♂ (SJS) . VENEZUELA: Lara: Sanare, 8 Jul 1979, R. W. Brooks, A. A. Grigarick, J. McLaughlin, R. O. Schuster, 1♂ (UCD) . Mérida: Cano del Tigre, Sep 1943, P. Anduze, 1♂ (USNM USNMENT00262375) . Trujillo: La Mesa, 11 Sep 1973, B. Villegas, 3♂ 3♀ (UCD) 1♂ (USNM) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AA4A7DC045FFF07F9695A0FAB46299	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Savaris, Marcoandre;Norrbom, Allen L.;Marinoni, Luciane;Lampert, Silvana	Savaris, Marcoandre, Norrbom, Allen L., Marinoni, Luciane, Lampert, Silvana (2019): Revision of the genus Euarestoides Benjamin (Diptera: Tephritidae). Zootaxa 4551 (3): 299-329, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4551.3.3
03AA4A7DC04DFFF17F96926BFF606372.text	03AA4A7DC04DFFF17F96926BFF606372.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euarestoides bimaculatus Savaris & Norrbom & Marinoni & Lampert 2019	<div><p>Euarestoides bimaculatus Savaris &amp; Norrbom, n. sp.</p><p>Figs. 7, 22–25, 40, 46, 52, 58</p><p>Diagnosis. This species differs from all other species of Euarestoides in having the ground color of the scutum yellow, two distinct dark spots within the stellate mark in cell r 4+5; and the glans with two large spines at the base. It differs from the other species except E. rionegrensis in lacking a complete darker border on the anterodistal margin of the reticulate area between the pterostigma and crossvein r-m. It further differs from E. rionegrensis in having the medial prensiseta curved (Fig. 40), the acrophallus without a large apical lobe (Fig. 52), and the aculeus with the lateral margin nonserrate (Fig. 24).</p><p>Description. Body length 2.70–2.85 mm, yellow in ground color. Setae generally pale brown to brown.</p><p>Head: Slightly higher (0.70–0.75 mm) than long (0.48–0.53 mm). Generally yellow, frons yellow to orange, ocellar tubercle brown to dark brown, and occiput brown medially and with brown mark sublaterally extended nearly to vertical seta. Frons length (0.32–0.40 mm) less than width at vertex (0.46–0.48 mm), slightly narrowed to anterior margin (0.36–0.46 mm). Gena with few small setulae mixed acuminate dark and lanceolate yellowish on middle and ventral margin; genal seta acuminate, pale brown; gena height to eye long diameter ratio 0.23–0.24. Eye ovoid, long diameter 0.54–0.58 mm, width 0.48–0.49 mm. Antenna testaceous yellow, first flagellomere as long as wide. Maxillary palpus pale brown at apex with 3 distinct acuminate setulae.</p><p>Thorax: Length 1.21–1.26 mm, ground color of scutum and scutellum yellow.</p><p>Wing (Fig. 7): Length 2.98–3.10 mm, width 1.10–1.18 mm. Area between pterostigma and crossvein r-m pale brown to gray reticulate with relatively small hyaline spots, without or with very faint, incomplete, darkened border along anterodistal margin. Pterostigma with basal half subhyaline or yellowish and apical half brown. Cell r 1 with 3 rays in marginal part, most proximal ray narrow, distal two rays broad, most distal as broad as or subequal to subapical ray; rays bordering 3 marginal hyaline marks: largest immediately distad of pterostigma, oblique and reaching to or almost to vein R 4+5; second mark triangular, usually reaching vein R 2+3; and small triangular subapical mark reaching vein R 2+3. Cell r 2+3 with 2 marginal hyaline marks (with complete or incomplete medial dark ray). Cell r 4+5 with apical rays complete, narrowly apically (slightly wider distally than basally); with 2 distinct medial dark spots bordering vein R 4+5 within the subapical stellate mark; subbasal hyaline spot near anterior end of crossvein dm-m small, no more than half width of cell. Cells br, bm, cu a, dm, and m 4 and anal lobe pale brown to gray reticulate, hyaline spots relatively small, markings connected. Dark ray over crossvein dm-m and 2 dark rays crossing cell m 1 all reaching posterior wing margin. Basal marginal hyaline mark in cell m 1 reaching vein M 1 (first ray and ray on dm-m not connected). Halter mostly yellow, with apex darker.</p><p>Legs: Entirely yellow.</p><p>Abdomen: Ground color yellow.</p><p>Female terminalia: Oviscape yellow, length 0.71 mm, width 0.56 mm at base and 0.20 mm at apex; with evenly distributed white setulae. Eversible membrane (Fig. 22) length 0.71 mm. Aculeus (Fig. 23) pale brown, length 0.72 mm, with lateral margin nonserrate; tip (Fig. 24) triangular, length 0.16 mm. Spermathecae (Fig. 25) elongate, length 0.14 mm.</p><p>Male terminalia: Medial surstylus with prensisetae equal and medial prensiseta distinctly curved (Fig. 40). Phallapodeme 0.58 mm long, mostly dark brown. Glans 0.32 mm long, with 2 large spines at base (Fig. 52); acrophallus without apical lobe; vesica very short.</p><p>Distribution. Neotropical. Peru (Cusco) (Fig. 58). The type series was collected at altitudes of 2849-3296 m.</p><p>Biology. This species has not been reared, but two of the type specimens were collected on Baccharis boliviensis (Wedd.) Cabrera ( Astereae). Adults have been collected in January and June.</p><p>Type data. The holotype male is labeled “ PERU: Cusco: Ollantaytambo, E of, WP 665, 13.26707°S ” / “ 72.22823°W, 2849 m, on Baccharis boliviensis (12-PE-36), 8 Jun 2012; A. L. Norrbom &amp; B. D. Sutton ” / “ HOLOTYPE ♂ Euarestoides bimaculatus Savaris &amp; Norrbom ” [red] / “ USNMENT00744412 ” [plastic bar code label]. It is double mounted (minuten), is in excellent condition, and is deposited in the MHNJP . Paratypes: PERU: Cusco: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.70208&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.57279" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.70208/lat -13.57279)">Carretera Manu</a>, dirt side road, ravine, WPB-34, 13.57279°S 71.70208°W, 3296 m, 28 Jan 2013; A. L. Norrbom, G. J. Steck &amp; B. D. Sutton, 1♂ (USNM USNMENT00875891) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.22823&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.26707" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.22823/lat -13.26707)">Ollantaytambo</a>, E of, WP 665, 13.26707°S 72.22823°W, 2849 m, on Baccharis boliviensis (12-PE-36), 8 Jun 2012; A. L. Norrbom &amp; B. D. Sutton, 1♀ (USNM USNMENT00744411) .</p><p>Etymology. The species epithet is a Latin adjective referring to the two spots within the stellate mark in cell r 4+5.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AA4A7DC04DFFF17F96926BFF606372	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Savaris, Marcoandre;Norrbom, Allen L.;Marinoni, Luciane;Lampert, Silvana	Savaris, Marcoandre, Norrbom, Allen L., Marinoni, Luciane, Lampert, Silvana (2019): Revision of the genus Euarestoides Benjamin (Diptera: Tephritidae). Zootaxa 4551 (3): 299-329, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4551.3.3
03AA4A7DC04CFFEE7F9692DAFCF46439.text	03AA4A7DC04CFFEE7F9692DAFCF46439.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euarestoides dreisbachi Foote Holotype 1958	<div><p>Euarestoides dreisbachi Foote, 1958</p><p>Figs. 8, 9, 26–29, 41, 47, 53, 56–58</p><p>Euarestoides dreisbachi Foote 1958: 293 [description, Mexico]; Foote 1967: 24 [catalog]; Norrbom et al. 1999: 146 [catalog]; Norrbom 2004 [database]; Norrbom et al. 2010: 23 [distribution, host plant].</p><p>Diagnosis. This species differs from E. bimaculatus and E. rionegrensis in having a completely darkened border on the anterodistal margin of the reticulate area between the pterostigma and crossvein r-m. It differs from E. abstersus and E. pereirai in having the apical ray in cell r 1 much narrower than the subapical ray. It differs from E. abstersus and E. acutangulus in lacking serrations on the lateral margin of the aculeus, and in having the apical lobe of the acrophallus expanded apically. It further differs from E. acutangulus in having the reticulate markings between the pterostigma and crossvein r-m yellow to pale brown and more continuous (Figs. 8–9). It further differs from E. pereirai in lacking a distinct dark spot in cell r 4+5 within the subapical stellate mark, the medial prensiseta straight, and the acrophallus with an apical lobe. It differs from E. rionegrensis in having the acrophallus with the apical lobe width twice that of base (Fig. 53), and the aculeus with lateral margin nonserrate (Fig. 28).</p><p>Description. Body length 2.97–4.19 mm, mostly yellow in ground color. Setae generally pale brown.</p><p>Head: Slightly higher (0.78–0.82 mm) than long (0.54–0.60 mm). Generally yellow, frons yellow to orange, ocellar tubercle brown to dark brown, and occiput brown medially and with brown mark sublaterally extended nearly to vertical seta. Frons length (0.37–0.42 mm) less than width at vertex (0.46–0.53 mm), slightly narrowed to anterior margin (0.36–0.43 mm). Gena with few small yellowish setulae on middle and ventral margin; genal seta acuminate, pale brown; gena height to eye long diameter ratio 0.25–0.28. Eye ovoid, long diameter 0.58–0.68 mm, width 0.54–0.56 mm. Antenna testaceous yellow, first flagellomere more long than wide. Maxillary palpus pale brown at apex with 2-3 distinct acuminate setulae.</p><p>Thorax: Length 1.26–1.48 mm, ground color of scutum brown, of scutellum yellow.</p><p>Wing (Figs. 8–9): Length 3.43–3.59 mm, width 1.32–1.58 mm. Area between pterostigma and crossvein r-m pale brown reticulate, with distinctly darker border on anterodistal margin ending anteriorly on vein R 1 or in apex of pterostigma; rest of pterostigma pale yellow or subhyaline. Cell r 1 with 3 rays in marginal part, most proximal ray narrow, medial ray broad, most distal as narrow as or subequal to proximal ray; rays bordering 3 marginal hyaline marks: largest immediately distad of pterostigma, oblique and reaching to or almost to vein R 4+5; second mark triangular, extended almost to vein R 2+3; usually reaching vein; and small triangular or rounded subapical mark usually reaching vein R 2+3. Cell r 2+3 with 2 marginal hyaline marks (with complete or sometimes faint medial dark ray). Cell r 4+5 with apical rays complete, distinctly broader apically; without distinct medial dark spot reaching vein R 4+5 near base of apical rays within the subapical stellate mark; subbasal hyaline spot near anterior end of crossvein dm-m large, more than ¾ width of cell. Cells br, bm, cu a, dm, and m 4 and anal lobe pale brown reticulate, markings mostly connected. Cell m 1 with 2 dark rays reaching posterior wing margin; basal marginal hyaline spot not reaching vein M 1 (first ray and ray on dm-m connected). Halter whitish to yellow.</p><p>Legs: Entirely yellow.</p><p>Abdomen: Ground color mostly yellow (sometimes with few dark spots).</p><p>Female terminalia: Oviscape yellow, length 0.92–0.98 mm, width 0.80–0.83 mm at base and 0.26–0.28 mm at apex; with evenly distributed white setulae. Eversible membrane (Fig. 26) length 0.72–0.77 mm. Aculeus (Fig. 27) pale brown, length 0.68–0.71 mm, tip triangular, length 0.07–0.09 mm, with lateral margin nonserrate (Fig. 28). Spermathecae (Fig. 29) subspherical, length 0.17–0.19 mm.</p><p>Male terminalia: Medial surstylus with prensisetae equal and straight (Fig. 41). Phallapodeme 0.36–0.38 mm long. Glans 0.22–0.25 mm long, with apical lobe width twice that of base (Fig. 53); vesica very short.</p><p>Distribution. Neotropical. Guatemala (Baja Verapaz, Chimaltenango, Huehuetenango, Quiche, Sololá), Mexico (Chiapas, Distrito Federal, Durango, Guanajuato, Jalisco, Michoacán, Nayarit, Oaxaca, San Luis Potosí, Sinaloa, Sonora, Veracruz, Zacatecas) (Norrbom et al. 2010), and Peru (Huánuco) (Fig. 58). Elevational records range from 1000-2000 m. The gap in distribution suggests that this species may have been introduced in Peru.</p><p>Biology. This species has been reared from flowerheads of Baccharis salicifolia (Ruiz &amp; Pav.) Pers. ( Astereae) in Guatemala (Norrbom et al. 2010). One adult female was swept from Baccharis neglecta Britton. Adults have been collected from May to November in Guatemala and Mexico, and in February, August and September in Peru.</p><p>Type data. The holotype female (USNM type No. 63547) is labeled “ La Primavera Jalisco, Mex. 7/8/56 R. &amp;K. Dreisbach ” / “ Euarestoides dreisbachi Foote Holotype ” [handwritten; red label]. It is mounted on a pin, in fair condition, and is deposited in the USNM .</p><p>Specimens examined. GUATEMALA: Baja Verapaz: San Jeronimo, 1000 m, swept from flowering Baccharis salicifolia (90G30), 27–28 Oct 1990, A. L. Norrbom &amp; E. Muñiz, 13♂ 15♀ (USNM); same, reared ex flowers of Baccharis salicifolia (90G30), 13♂ 12♀ (USNM), 2♂ 2♀ (UVG) . Chimaltenango: Chimaltenango, 19–20 Aug 1965, P. J. Spangler, 3♂ 3♀ (USNM) . Huehuetenango: San Idelfonso Ixtahuacan, along river, 15.41551°N 91.76618°W, 1598 m, on <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-91.76618&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.41551" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -91.76618/lat 15.41551)">Baccharis</a> salicifolia (07G61), 24 Nov 2007, B. D. Sutton, A. L. Norrbom, J. Monzón, F. Camposeco, 5♂ 12♀ (USNM USNMENT00671600–16) ; same, emerged 28 Nov–11 Dec 2007 reared ex flowerheads of Baccharis salicifolia (07G61), collected 24 Nov 2007, 8♂ 9♀ (USNM USNMENT00671459– 75) , 6♂ 4♀ (FSCA), 1♂ 1♀ (UVG) . Quiche: Chichicastenango, 8 km N, 1829 m, 23 Oct 1976, E. S. Ross, 1♂ (CAS) . Sololá: Panajachel, 19 Aug 1963, D. Q. Cavagnaro &amp; M. E. Irwin, 2♂ 3♀ (CAS) . MEXICO: Chiapas: San Cristobal de Las Casas, 2194 m, Malaise trap, 10 Jun 1969, 1♀ (CNC) . Distrito Federal: Guadelupe Hidalgo, 10 Jul 1932, R. Haag, 1♂ (MCZ) ; same, 2134 m, 10 Jul 1932, C. E. White, 1♂ 2♀ (MCZ); same, 2134 m, 10 Jul 1943, C. E. White, 2♂ 1♀ (MCZ) . Durango: San Juan del Río, 1585 m, 30 Jul 1947, W. Gertsch, 1♂ (AMNH) ; Durango City 38.1 km S, sweeping foliage of Baccharis salicifolia, 5 Aug 1988, P. E. Boldt, 1♀ (USNM) . Guanajuato: Acombaro, 17.7 km SW, 17 Aug 1954, J. W. MacSwain, 1♀ (UCB) ; Guanajuato, 15 Jul 1954, R. F. Smith, 3♂ 2♀ (UCB); same, 8 km N, 25 Jul 1954, E. I. Schlinger, 1♂ 1♀ (UCB) . Jalisco: El Tigre, 18 Jul 1954, E. I. Schlinger, 7♂ 1♀ (UCB) ; Encarnacion de Diaz, 19.3 km S, 18 Aug 1953, C. &amp; P. Vaurie, 1♂ 1♀ (AMNH) ; Guandalajara, McConnell 1909, H. Kahl, 1♂ (USNM) ; Huentitan el Bajo, Parque el Mirador, 5 Sep 1972, B. Villegas, 1♀ (UCD) ; La Quemada, 32.1 km N, 27 Jul 1954, M. Cazier, W. Gertsch, Bradts, 1♂ (AMNH) ; Teocaltiche, Rancho La Quinta, 1707 m, 25 Aug 1979, B. Villegas, 6♂ 9♀ (UCD) ; Zapopan, Sep 1965, N. L. H. Krauss, 1♂ (USNM) . México: Real de Arriba, Temescaltepec, 22 May 1933, H. E. Hinton &amp; R. L. Usinger, 2♂ 2♀ (CAS) . Michoacán: San Jose Purua, Jun 1965, N. L. H. Krauss, 1♂ (USNM) ; Uruapan, 1600–1700 m, Aug 1975, N. L. H. Krauss, 6♂ 2♀ (USNM) . Nayarit: Ahuacatlan, 14 Sep 1970, G. E. &amp; R. M. Bohart, 1♂ 1♀ (LACM) ; Tepic, 15–17 Sep 1953, B. Malkin, 1♀ (CAS) . Oaxaca: Oaxaca, 8 Jul 1952, E. E. Gilbert &amp; C. D. MacNeil, 1♀ (UCB); Oaxaca, 17°02'N 96°40'W, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-96.666664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.033333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -96.666664/lat 17.033333)">Baccharis</a> salicifolia, 9 Aug 1987, W. A. Palmer, 2♂ 1♀ (USNM) . San Luis Potosí: San Luis Potosi, 6.4 km W, 25 Jun 1953, C. &amp; P. Vaurie, 1♀ (AMNH) . Sinaloa: Lorenzo, S of, 11 Sep 1970, G. E. &amp; R. M. Bohart, 1♀ (LACM) . Sonora: Alamos, on Baccharis, 7 Sep 1970, G. E. &amp; R. M. Bohart, 5♂ 2♀ (LACM) ; Alamos, 3–4 Sep 1991, T. Griswold, 1♂ (LACM) . Veracruz: Balastrera, on foliage Lantana hispida, 3 Sep 1989, K. R. Pullen, 1♂ (USNM) . Zacatecas: Fresnillo, 14.4 km S, 10 Aug 1954, E.G. Linsley, 1♀ (UCB) ; Nochistlan, 1981 m, 21 Aug 1979, B. Villegas, 3♂ 12♀ (UCD) ; same, 22 Sep 1975, B. Villegas, 1♂ 4♀ (UCD); Río Grande, 1768 m, 19 Aug 1979, B. Villegas, 2♂ 1♀ (UCD) ; Zacatecas, 88.5 km NW, Hwy. 45, sweeping Baccharis neglecta, 3 Aug 1988, P. E. Boldt, 1♀ (USNM) . PERU: Huánuco: Huánuco, 19-20 Aug 1971, 1850 m, C. &amp; M. Vardy, 1♂ (BMNH); same, 10 km N Rio Huallaga, 4 Feb 1984, W. N. Mathis, 2♀ (USNM) ; same, 16 Sep 1954, 2000 m, E. I. Schlinger &amp; E. S. Ross, 2♂ 1♀ (CAS) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AA4A7DC04CFFEE7F9692DAFCF46439	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Savaris, Marcoandre;Norrbom, Allen L.;Marinoni, Luciane;Lampert, Silvana	Savaris, Marcoandre, Norrbom, Allen L., Marinoni, Luciane, Lampert, Silvana (2019): Revision of the genus Euarestoides Benjamin (Diptera: Tephritidae). Zootaxa 4551 (3): 299-329, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4551.3.3
03AA4A7DC053FFEC7F96958BFD096678.text	03AA4A7DC053FFEC7F96958BFD096678.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euarestoides pereirai Savaris & Norrbom & Marinoni & Lampert 2019	<div><p>Euarestoides pereirai Savaris &amp; Norrbom, n. sp.</p><p>Figs. 1, 10–11, 30–33, 42, 48, 54, 58</p><p>Euarestoides sp.: Prado et al. 2002: 1018 [distribution, host plants]; Savaris et al. 2015: 18 [distribution, host plant].</p><p>Diagnosis. This species differs from all other species of Euarestoides in having the reticulation on the basal half of the wing reduced to isolated gray or pale brown spots (Figs. 10–11). It further differs from E. bimaculatus and E. rionegrensis in having a completely darkened border on the anterodistal margin of the reticulate area between the pterostigma and crossvein r-m. It differs from E. abstersus, E. acutangulus and E. dreisbachi in having a distinct dark spot in cell r 4+5 within the subapical stellate mark (Figs. 10–11) and the acrophallus of the glans without an apical lobe (Fig. 54). It further differs from E. acutangulus and E. dreisbachi in having the apical ray in cell r 1 broad, similar to the subapical ray, and it differs from E. abstersus in having the darker border on the anterodistal margin of the reticulate area between the pterostigma and crossvein r-m reaching the costa subapically in the pterostigma (the pterostigma with a small hyaline spot between the dark border and the apex of vein R 1), the aculeus lateral margin not serrate, and the medial prensiseta strongly curved (Fig. 42).</p><p>Description. Body length 2.36–2.71 mm, mostly yellow to brown in ground color. Setae generally pale brown (Fig. 1).</p><p>Head: Slightly higher (0.60–0.74 mm) than long (0.48–0.56 mm). Generally yellow, frons yellow to orange, ocellar tubercle dark brown, and occiput brown medially and with brown mark sublaterally extended nearly to vertical seta. Frons length (0.31–0.34 mm) less than width at vertex (0.36–0.39 mm), slightly narrowed to anterior margin (0.31–0.36 mm). Gena with few small setulae acuminate, pale brown on middle and ventral margin; genal seta acuminate, pale brown; gena height to eye long diameter ratio 0.17–0.23. Eye ovoid, long diameter 0.49–0.63 mm, width 0.46–0.51 mm. Antenna testaceous yellow, first flagellomere more long than wide. Maxillary palpus pale brown at apex with 2-3 distinct acuminate setulae.</p><p>Thorax: Length 0.94–1.09 mm, ground color of scutum dark brown, of scutellum brown dorsally and yellow lateral and ventral.</p><p>Wing (Figs. 10–11): Length 2.40–3.23 mm, width 0.82–1.18 mm. Area between pterostigma and crossvein r-m mostly hyaline with few brown or gray spots, with complete darker border along anterodistal margin crossing of pterostigma ending anteriorly on costal vein; rest of pterostigma hyaline. Cell r 1 with 3 rays in marginal part, most proximal ray narrow, distal two rays broad, most distal as broad as or subequal to subapical ray; rays bordering 3 marginal hyaline marks: largest immediately distad of pterostigma, oblique and reaching to or almost to vein R 4+5; second mark triangular, extended almost to vein R 2+3; and small triangular or quadrate subapical mark not reaching vein R 2+3. Cell r 2+3 with 2 marginal hyaline spots (with complete medial dark ray). Cell r 4+5 with hyaline spot bordering crossvein r-m oblong reaching veins R 4+5 and M 1; apical rays complete, narrowly apically (slightly wider distally than basally); distinct medial dark spot reaching vein R 4+5 near base of apical rays within the subapical stellate mark; subbasal hyaline spot near anterior end of crossvein dm-m small, no more than half width of cell. Cell dm with subapical ray arising from basal area of crossvein r-m. Cells bm, cu a and m 4 and anal lobe with few pale brown to gray spots usually not connected. Dark ray over crossvein dm-m and 2 dark rays crossing cell m 1 all reaching posterior wing margin. Basal marginal hyaline mark in cell m 1 reaching vein M 1 (first ray and ray on dmm not connected).Halter whitish to yellow.</p><p>Legs: Entirely yellow.</p><p>Abdomen: Ground color dark brown.</p><p>Female terminalia: Oviscape yellow, length 0.83–0.94 mm, width 0.60–0.68 mm at base and 0.20–0.22 mm at apex; with evenly distributed white setulae. Eversible membrane (Fig. 30) length 0.98–1.00 mm. Aculeus (Fig. 31) pale brown, length 1.00– 1.02 mm, tip triangular, length 0.14–0.16 mm, with lateral margin nonserrate (Fig. 32). Spermathecae (Fig. 33) subspherical length 0.11–0.12 mm.</p><p>Male terminalia: Lateral surstylus with apex distinct sclerotized (Figs. 42, 48). Medial surstylus with prensisetae subequal and medial prensiseta distinctly curved; lateral prensiseta ca. ¾ as long as medial prensiseta (Fig. 42). Phallapodeme 0.37–0.39 mm long, mostly dark brown. Glans 0.26–0.28 mm long, without apical lobe (Fig. 54); vesica very short.</p><p>Distribution. Neotropical. Brazil (Bahia, Minas Gerais, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, São Paulo) (Fig. 58). Elevational records range from 610 to 822 m.</p><p>Biology. This species has been reared from flowerheads of Moquiniastrum densicephalum (Cabrera) G. Sancho and Moquiniastrum hatschbachii (Cabrera) G. Sancho. Savaris et al. (2015) reported that it breeds in Moquiniastrum polymorphum (Less.) G. Sancho (Gochnatieae) and Prado et al. (2002) in Moquiniastrum barrosoae (Cabrera) G. Sancho, Moquiniastrum floribundum (Cabrera) G. Sancho and Richterago discoidea (Less.) Kuntze. Adults have been collected in February, March, September and October.</p><p>Type data. The holotype male is labeled “ BRASIL: S[ão] P[aulo], <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.46737&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.608753" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.46737/lat -23.608753)">Votorantim</a>, SP 0 79, km 103, 28.ii.2014, 23°36'31.51"S, 47°28'02.52"O, 738 m, Rede entomol., M. Savaris ” / “ HOLOTYPE ♂ Euarestoides pereirai Savaris &amp; Norrbom” [red] / “ USNMENT00118524 ” [plastic bar code label]. The holotype is double mounted (minuten), is in excellent condition, and is deposited in the DZUP . Paratypes: same data as holotype, 6♂ 3♀ (USNM USNMENT00262496–97, USNMENT00118517, DZUP USNMENT00118519–23, USNMENT 00119507) . BRASIL. Bahia: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.57958&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.507" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.57958/lat -12.507)">Palmeiras</a>, 12°30'25.20"S 41°34'46.49"W, 822 m, 1 Oct 2012, Luminosa, A. M. Silva-Neto, 1♂ (DZUP USNMENT00262504) . Minas Gerais: Diamantina, São João da Chapada, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-43.734665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.11" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -43.734665/lat -18.11)">Serra da Guiné</a>, 18°6.6'S 43°44.08'W, 7 Sep 1996, Lewinsohn, Prado, Santos, Silva, PIC96683, 1♂ (USNM) 7♂ 13♀ (ZUEC) . Joaquim Felício, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-44.186165&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.726" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -44.186165/lat -17.726)">Serra do Cabral</a>, cerrado, 17°43.56'S 44°11.17'W, 3 Sep 1996, Lewinsohn, Prado, Santos, Silva, PIC96624, 1♀ (USNM) 13♂ 22♀ (ZUEC); Serra do Cabral, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-44.2295&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.700333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -44.2295/lat -17.700333)">Fazenda da Onça</a>, 17°42.02'S 44°13.77'W, 17 Jul 1995, T. Lewinsohn, P. Prado, B. Buys, V. Motta, PIC95290, 4♂ 1♀ (ZUEC) . Santana do Riacho, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-43.50617&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-19.231833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -43.50617/lat -19.231833)">Serra do Cipó</a>, 19°13.91"S 43°30.37"W, 26 Jul 1995, PIC95447, T. Lewinsohn, P. Prado, B. Buys, V. Motta, 6♂ 2♀ (ZUEC) ; Santana do Riacho, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-43.60734&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-19.36005" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -43.60734/lat -19.36005)">Parque Nacional da Serra do Cipó</a>, trilha alta, WP-181, 19.36005°S 43.60734°W, 831 m, emerged 28 Sep 2016, reared ex flowerheads of Moquiniastrum densicephalum (Cabrera) G. Sancho (BOT-069), coll. 11 Sep 2016, M. Savaris, S. Lampert, A. L. Norrbom, L. Wendt, 1♀ (ESALQ ESALQ6936-1) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-43.56866&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-19.29114" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -43.56866/lat -19.29114)">Santana do Riacho</a>, MG-10, at stream crossing with old bridge, WP 185, 19.29114°S 43.56866°W, 1226 m, emerged 25 Sep 2016, reared ex flowerheads of Moquiniastrum hatschbachii (Cabrera) G. Sancho (BOT-084), coll. 12 Sep 2016, M. Savaris, S. Lampert, A. L. Norrbom, L. Wendt, 1♂ 2♀ (ESALQ ESALQ6936-2 – 4) . Paraná: Colombo: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-49.14161&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.372364" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -49.14161/lat -25.372364)">Jardim Belo Rincão</a>, WP-201, 25°22'20.51"S 49°8'29.79"W, 947 m, 15 Oct 2016, sweeping, M. Savaris, S. Lampert, 1♂ 1♀ (MSPC USNMENT 01232003 –04) . Rio de Janeiro: Marich, acesso a Barra, 4 Mar 1986, ex capitula Moquiniastrum polymorphum (Less.) G. Sancho (17002), TLT 170, T. M. Lewinsohn, R. F. Monteiro, 2♂ (USNM) . Rio Grande do Sul: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-52.457973&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.241634" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -52.457973/lat -28.241634)">Passo Fundo</a>, 28°14'29.88"S 52°27'28.70"W, 610 m, 8 Mar 2009, reared from flowerheads of Moquiniastrum polymorphum (Less.) G. Sancho, M. Savaris, 1♂ (MUZAR USNMENT00119506) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-52.4599&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.241732" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -52.4599/lat -28.241732)">Passo Fundo</a>, 28°14'30.23"S 52°27'35.64"W, 13 Feb 2009, M. Savaris, 2♀ (DZUP USNMENT00118535–36) 1♀ (USNM USNMENT00118532) . Santa Catarina: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-52.383335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.183332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -52.383335/lat -27.183332)">Nova Teutônia</a> 27°11'S 52°23'W, 300-500 m, 13 Oct 1961, Fritz Plaumann, 1♀ (CNC) .</p><p>Etymology. This species is named to honor Paulo Roberto Valle da Silva Pereira, a Brazilian research entomologist and early mentor of the senior author.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AA4A7DC053FFEC7F96958BFD096678	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Savaris, Marcoandre;Norrbom, Allen L.;Marinoni, Luciane;Lampert, Silvana	Savaris, Marcoandre, Norrbom, Allen L., Marinoni, Luciane, Lampert, Silvana (2019): Revision of the genus Euarestoides Benjamin (Diptera: Tephritidae). Zootaxa 4551 (3): 299-329, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4551.3.3
03AA4A7DC051FFED7F969731FEDB672A.text	03AA4A7DC051FFED7F969731FEDB672A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euarestoides rionegrensis Savaris & Norrbom & Marinoni & Lampert 2019	<div><p>Euarestoides rionegrensis Savaris &amp; Norrbom, n. sp.</p><p>Figs. 12–13, 34–37, 43, 49, 55, 58</p><p>Diagnosis. This species differs from all other species of Euarestoides in having the aculeus with a strong constriction before the opening of the cloaca (Figs. 35–36). In E. abstersus and E. acutangulus there is a slight constriction. This species differs from other species of Euarestoides except E. bimaculatus in lacking a dark border on the anterodistal margin of the reticulate area between the pterostigma and crossvein r-m. It differs from E. bimaculatus in lacking distinct dark spots in cell r 4+5 within the subapical stellate mark (Figs. 12–13), the ground color of the scutum brown, the medial prensiseta straight (Fig. 43), the acrophallus with a large apical lobe (Fig. 55), and the aculeus with the lateral margin serrate before the opening of the cloaca (Fig. 36).</p><p>Description. Body length 2.91–4.20 mm, yellow to brown in ground color. Setae generally pale brown to brown.</p><p>Head: Slightly higher (0.84–0.97 mm) than long (0.54–0.73 mm). Generally yellow, frons yellow to orange, ocellar tubercle brown to dark brown and with few setulae white, and occiput brown medially and with brown mark sublaterally extended nearly to vertical seta. Frons length (0.38–0.45 mm) less than width at vertex (0.51–0.61 mm), slightly narrowed to anterior margin (0.37–0.50 mm). Gena with few small setulae mixed acuminate dark and lanceolate yellowish on middle and ventral margin; genal seta acuminate, pale brown; gena height to eye long diameter ratio 0.24–0.28. Eye ovoid, long diameter 0.66–0.79 mm, width 0.51–0.63 mm. Antenna testaceous yellow, first flagellomere more long than wide. Maxillary palpus pale brown at apex with 3 distinct acuminate setulae.</p><p>Thorax: Length 1.56–1.92 mm, ground color of scutum brown, of scutellum yellow.</p><p>Wing (Figs. 12–13): Length 3.83–4.50 mm, width 1.49–1.80 mm. Area between pterostigma and crossvein r-m pale brown reticulate, without or with very faint incompletely darkened border along anterodistal margin. Pterostigma with basal half yellowish and with apical hyaline spot (one female with 2 hyaline spots). Cell r 1 with 3 rays in marginal part, most proximal ray narrow, distal two rays broad, most distal as broad as or subequal to subapical ray; rays bordering 3 marginal hyaline marks: largest immediately distad of pterostigma, oblique and reaching to or almost to vein R 4+5; second mark rounded sometimes reaching vein R 2+3; and small rounded subapical mark reaching vein R 2+3. Cell r 2+3 with 2 marginal hyaline spots (with complete medial dark ray). Cell r 4+5 with apical rays complete; distinctly broader apically; without distinct medial dark spot reaching vein R 4+5 near base of apical rays within the subapical stellate mark; subbasal hyaline spot near anterior end of crossvein dm-m large, more than ¾ width of cell; stellate mark with tiny medial hyaline spot. Cells br, bm, cu a, dm, and m 4 and anal lobe pale brown reticulate, markings connected. Dark ray over crossvein dm-m and 2 dark rays crossing cell m 1 all reaching posterior wing margin. Basal marginal hyaline spot not reaching vein M 1 (first ray and ray on dm-m connected). Halter yellow.</p><p>Legs: Entirely yellow.</p><p>Abdomen: Ground color brown.</p><p>Female terminalia: Oviscape mostly yellow, in dorsal view base with 2 large dark spots, ca. ½ of length of oviscape; length 0.77 mm, width 0.73 mm at base and 0.28 mm at apex; with white lanceolate setulae evenly distributed in the base half and dark acuminate in the apical half. Eversible membrane (Fig. 34) length 0.82 mm. Aculeus (Fig. 35) with distinct constriction before opening of cloaca, pale brown, length 0.72 mm, lateral margin serrate from proximal to opening of cloaca to subapically, tip (Fig. 36) triangular with elongate apex, length 0.22 mm. Spermathecae (Fig. 37) elongate, length 0.27 mm.</p><p>Male terminalia: Medial surstylus with prensisetae equal and straight (Fig. 43). Phallapodeme 0.38 mm long. Glans 0.42 mm long, with large and curved apical lobe (Fig. 55); vesica very short.</p><p>Distribution. Neotropical. Colombia (Antioquia, Cundinamarca, Tolima) (Fig. 58).</p><p>Biology. This species has been reared from flowerheads of Montanoa quadrangularis Sch. Bip (Heliantheae) . The type specimens were collected in January to March.</p><p>Type data. The holotype male is labeled “Rionegro (Ant. [COLOMBIA: Antioquia]) 29-I-1959 ” / “C. Carmona Veza” / “ HOLOTYPE ♂ Euarestoides rionegrensis Savaris &amp; Norrbom ” [red] / “USNMENT00262577” [plastic bar code label]. It is double mounted (triangle paper), is in fair condition, and is deposited in the CAS. The type locality is at approximantely 6.155°N 75.389°W. Paratypes: same data as holotype, 1♂ (USNM USNMENT00262578). COLOMBIA. Tolima: Cajamarca—Calarcá (Rt. 40), Balconcitos (sitio 19), 4°26'12.9"N 75°23'57.18"W, 1795 m, McPhail trap, 9 Feb 2005; N. Canal, 1♀ (USNM USNMENT00875332). Cundinamarca: Albán, Reserva CAR, 4.5015°N 74.2744°W, 2086 m, reared ex flowerheads of Montanoa quadrangularis Sch. Bip., 3 Mar 2015; P. A. Rodriguez, 9♂ 10♀ (ICAT ICAMF00000329), 1♂ 1♀ (USNM USNMENT00875333–34).</p><p>Etymology. The name of this species is an adjective referring to the region (Rionegro) where the holotype was collected.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AA4A7DC051FFED7F969731FEDB672A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Savaris, Marcoandre;Norrbom, Allen L.;Marinoni, Luciane;Lampert, Silvana	Savaris, Marcoandre, Norrbom, Allen L., Marinoni, Luciane, Lampert, Silvana (2019): Revision of the genus Euarestoides Benjamin (Diptera: Tephritidae). Zootaxa 4551 (3): 299-329, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4551.3.3
