identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
99254A1C54A67A694A35EE16756A3BD0.text	99254A1C54A67A694A35EE16756A3BD0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax perseveratus	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(001) Mecyclothorax perseveratus sp. n. Figs 10A, 11 A–C, 12A, 13A, 14</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>This is the largest bodied of the three Haleakalā species in this group (Fig. 10A); standardized body length 4.5-4.8 mm versus 3.5-4.6 mm for the other two species below. Dorsal microsculpture is more developed in this species, with the elytral disc covered with an elongate transverse mesh and parallel lines, and the pronotal disc bearing an evident transverse mesh. Setal formula 2 1 1(2) 0.</p><p>Description</p><p>(n = 3). Head capsule with frontal grooves straight, bordered by a lateral carina and mesal wrinkles; neck flat to slightly concave; eyes convex, largely covering ocular lobe, ocular ratio 1.52-1.55, ocular lobe ratio 0.89-0.94; labral anterior margin very shallowly emarginate; antennae filiform, antennomeres 2-3 covered with sparse pelage of small setae; mentum tooth narrow with acute sides, apex tightly rounded. Pronotum with lateral seta present, basal seta absent; MPW/BPW = 1.52-1.66; MPW/PL = 1.11-1.23; hind angle right to slightly acute; lateral margin convergent to subparallel anterad hind angle; median base with small punctures, sparse medially, denser laterally; basal margin broadly, slightly convex between laterobasal depressions; median longitudinal impression finely incised, shallow; anterior transverse impression distinct, slightly punctate in middle half; anterior callosity slightly convex, traversed by shallow wrinkles; front angles slightly protruded, tightly rounded; APW/BPW = 1.0-1.04; lateral marginal depression moderately narrow, flat near front angle, edge upturned; laterobasal depression a continuation of lateral depression, surface irregularly punctate. Proepisternum with 6 small punctures along hind marginal groove; prosternal process with narrow median impression, lateral margins a narrow bead anterad. Elytra broadly ovoid, convex, suture elevated relative to disc; basal groove nearly straight laterad scutellum, humeral angle subangulate, defined by a hitch at base of lateral depression; humeri broadly rounded, MEW/HuW = 2.11-2.14; elytra broad relative to pronotum and head, MEW/MPW = 1.50-1.59, MEW/MHW = 2.18-2.29; parascutellar seta present; parascutellar striole with 2-4 punctures, striole shallow between punctures; juncture of sutural intervals each side upraised, producing a median callus; depth of sutural or first stria subequal to 2nd stria from base to apex; discal stria finely punctate basally, narrow and smooth apically; lateral striae punctate basally, the punctures small, slightly expanding striae in basal half, punctures absent apically; intervals 2-7 moderately convex; all striae finely incised apically; 8th interval laterad 7th stria not more convex apically than other intervals; either 1 or 2 dorsal elytral setae, if two, then setae at 0.10 × and 0.28 –0.33× elytral length, if one seta, then situated 0.24 –0.30× elytral length; apical and subapical setae absent; lateral elytral setae arranged as 7 + 6 (anterior and posterior series); elytral marginal depression narrow, lateral margin upturned; subapical sinuation broadly excavated, shallow, internal plica visible from dorsal view. Mesepisternum punctate, ~13 punctures in 2-3 vertical rows; metepisternal medial length/maximum width = 1.39; metepisternum/metepimeron suture distinct. Abdomen with irregular longitudinal wrinkles on ventrites 1-4, suture between ventrites 2 and 3 complete; males with 2 apical abdominal setae, females with 4 equally spaced setae plus 4 short setae arranged in a median trapezoid. Legs-metatarsomere 1/metatibial length ratio = 0.195; metatarsomere 4 lobe length 1.5 × medial tarsomere length, subapical and apical setae present; metatarsal dorsolateral sulci very narrow, shallow, evident on mt1 and mt2 only. Microsculpture of head capsule transverse, vertex with transverse mesh and fine wrinkles; pronotal disc with evident, reflective transverse-mesh microsculpture; pronotal median base with reflective isodiametric mesh in transverse rows; elytral disc with elongate transverse mesh and parallel lines, apex with evident transverse mesh; metasternum covered with transverse mesh; laterobasal abdominal ventrites with swirling isodiametric and transverse sculpticells. Coloration of vertex brunneous with a slight piceous cast; antennomeres 1-3 flavous, 4-11 rufobrunneous; pronotal disc rufobrunneous, pronotal margins slightly, broadly paler; proepipleuron rufoflavous, proepisternum brunneous with piceous cast; elytral disc rufobrunneous, darkest behind middle, sutural interval paler, rufous basally, flavous apically; elytral margins concolorous with disc basally, broadly paler apically; elytral apex broadly flavous, flavous coloration extended anterad along suture; elytral epipleuron rufoflavous, metepisternum brunneous; abdominal ventrites 1-3 brunneous medially, more apical ventrites flavous; metafemur flavous, metatibia flavous with brunneous cast.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 1). Aedeagal median lobe gracile, elongate, distance from parameral articulation to tip 4.7 × depth at midlength (Fig. 11A); median lobe apex parallel sided with rounded tip, apex evenly downcurved distad ostial opening in lateral view (Fig. 11 A–B), apex curved to right with top expanded as a knob in ventral view (Fig. 11C); internal sac elongate, flagellar plate small, sac covered with fine spicules only.</p><p>Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix columnar, base broad at vagina, narrower at midlength, bursal length 0.80 mm, breadth 0.40 mm at base (Fig. 12A); bursal surface translucent, wrinkled, not sclerotized; gonocoxite 1 with 2-3 apical fringe setae, 1 small seta at apicomedial angle, 4-5 setae along medial surface (Fig. 13A); gonocoxite 2 subacuminate with lateral panhandle extension; 2 moderately elongate lateral ensiform setae, 0.36 × length of gonocoxite; apical nematiform setae on medial surface at 0.80 × gonocoxite length.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Male (CUIC) labeled: HI: Maui Haleakala Kula / Pipeline Rd. W Waikamoi / Gulch 15-V-1998 lot04 / 1160 m el. pyr. fog mossy / ohia/ logs J.K. Liebherr // HOLOTYPE / Mecyclothorax / perseveratus / Liebherr / det. J.K. Liebherr 2015 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Paratypes.</p><p>HI: Maui: Koolau For. Res., Kula Pipeline Rd., pyrethrin fog Metrosideros /moss, 1160 m el., 15-v-1998 lot 06, Polhemus (NMNH, 1), wet forest, yellow pan trap, 1183-1280 m el., vi-viii-2006, Leblanc (CUIC, 1; UHIM, 1), Makawao Flume Rd., ecotone forest, yellow pan trap, 1293 m el., vi-viii-2006, Leblanc (CUIC, 1; UHIM, 2), Waikamoi flume tanks [labeled Waikamoi N.C.P.], 1275 m el., 30-v-1993, Tauber/Tauber (CUIC, 1).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The adjectival species epithet perseveratus is based on the verb perseverate; to repeat insistently or redundantly. Such a name could be appropriately applied for any number of Hawaiian Mecyclothorax, but it is used here as the name shares the first syllable with the following cryptic sibling species.</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax perseveratus is known to occur only in the Waikamoi drainage from 1160-1300 m elevation (Fig. 14). As such, the species is sympatric with lower elevational populations of Mecyclothorax perstriatus . Individuals have been collected from the trunks of moss-covered ‘ōhi‘a trees, as well as from mossy downed logs of the same species. The beetles must actively walk across the forest floor, as they have been collected from fluid-filled yellow-pan traps.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/99254A1C54A67A694A35EE16756A3BD0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
65FEC74E490890F8990501713F9D1727.text	65FEC74E490890F8990501713F9D1727.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax perstriatus (Sharp)	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(002) Mecyclothorax perstriatus (Sharp) Figs 10B, 11 D–G, 12 B–C, 13B, 14</p><p>Thriscothorax perstriatus Sharp 1903: 260.</p><p>Mecyclothorax perstriatus, Britton 1948b: 158; Liebherr 2005b: 122.</p><p>Oopterus plicaticollis Boisduval, Karsch 1881: 1 (misidentification).</p><p>Thriscothorax modestus Sharp, Swezey 1954: 53 (misidentification, Cibotium associate).</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Individuals of Mecyclothorax perstriatus and Mecyclothorax superstriatus share reduced microsculpture, the pronotal disc glossy with an obsolete transverse mesh visible over portions of the disc (Fig. 10 B–C). However the elytral microsculpture is more developed in this species, being an evident, shallow transverse mesh versus an obsolete transverse mesh on a glossy surface in Mecyclothorax superstriatus . Beetles of both species also have smaller eyes that cover less of the ocular lobe than do those of Mecyclothorax perseveratus, with Mecyclothorax perstriatus exhibiting an ocular lobe ratio = 0.83-0.86. The male genitalia provide certain diagnosis, with the aedeagal median lobe apex of Mecyclothorax perstriatus males extended and downturned (Fig. 11 D–G), versus very short and not at all downturned in Mecyclothorax superstriatus (Fig. 11 H–I). Setal formula 2 1(2) 1 0; only one individual was observed within which the basal pronotal seta was unilaterally present. Standardized body length 3.5-4.6 mm.</p><p>Identification</p><p>(n = 5). The full description of Mecyclothorax perseveratus serves to describe this species with the exception of characters mentioned in the diagnosis. The eyes are convex; ocular ratio 1.51-1.55. The pronotum is cordate with right to acute hind angles; MPW/BPW = 1.54-1.65. The elytra are narrowly to more broadly ovoid; MEW/HuW = 2.09-2.23.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 20). Aedeagal median lobe gracile but shorter than that of Mecyclothorax perseveratus males, distance from parameral articulation to tip 3.5 –4.3× medial breadth (Fig. 11 D–E, G); median lobe apex shorter than that of Mecyclothorax perseveratus, ventral margin angulate just distad ostial opening in lateral view; median lobe apex moderately curved to the right with tip slightly expanded in ventral view (Fig. 11F); internal sac with evident, short flagellar plate, but without evident microtrichial patches (uneverted specimens).</p><p>Female reproductive tract (n = 2). Bursa copulatrix bipartite, apex digitiform and narrower than base at vagina, bursa 0.46 mm long overall, base at vagina 0.42 mm broad, digitiform apical lobe 0.37 mm long, 0.14 mm broad (Fig. 12 B–C); bursal surface membranous, translucent, finely wrinkled; gonocoxite 1 with 3 apical fringe setae, a moderate apicomedial seta at apex of medial surface, 5-6 setae basally on medial surface (Fig. 13B); gonocoxite 2 subacuminate with lateral extension, 2 gracile lateral ensiform setae, apical nematiform setae on medial surface at 0.75 × gonocoxite length.</p><p>Lectotype.</p><p>Female (BMNH), designated by Liebherr (2005b: 122).</p><p>Misidentifications.</p><p>Karsch (1881) lists Oopterus plicaticollis Boisduval, with its collecting information recorded under MNHU lot number 60815 as "Olinda, 1, Dr. O. Finsch." The single specimen is Mecyclothorax perstriatus, and so Karsch’s mention of the species represents a misidentification. Documentation of Swezey’s (1954) misidentification of Mecyclothorax perstriatus as Mecyclothorax modestus is supported by: 1, specimens that match his collecting date and host information that are; 2, not attributable to Mecyclothorax cordaticollis, the senior name synonymous below with Mecyclothorax modestus, but instead represent this species.</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>The recorded distribution of this species spans the western Waikamoi forests, the Hāna Bogs, upper Kīpahulu Valley, and the Manawainui Planeze (Fig. 14). It is a wet forest species, and has been found in association with ‘ōhi‘a, koa, or 'ōlapa trees, or various ferns; Asplenium, Athyrium ('akolea), Cibotium ( hāpu‘u), or Sadleria ( ‘ama‘u). The beetles are active on vegetation at night, and also may be found by sifting litter. As with Mecyclothorax perseveratus, beetles have been collected from yellow-pan traps set on the ground, implying they active walk over the forest floor.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/65FEC74E490890F8990501713F9D1727	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
238897C86F8A4AE1BC90DF09DABCBB6B.text	238897C86F8A4AE1BC90DF09DABCBB6B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax superstriatus Liebherr	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(003) Mecyclothorax superstriatus Liebherr Figs 10C, 11 H–I, 12D, 13C, 14</p><p>Mecyclothorax superstriatus Liebherr 2005b: 118.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Superficially similar to the preceding two species, but individuals tend to be smaller-standardized body length 3.8-4.2 mm-with less developed microsculpture (Fig. 10C). The pronotal disc and discal elytral intervals are glossy, with only a very shallow transverse mesh discernible over portions of the cuticle. The male aedeagus is small (Figs 11 H–I) with non-projected apex. Setal formula 2 1 1(0) 0; of 13 individuals assessed, 9 have the anterior dorsal elytral seta present both sides, 3 have the seta present unilaterally, and 1 lacks any dorsal elytral setae.</p><p>Identification</p><p>(n = 5). As Mecyclothorax perstriatus above, this species shares most characters with Mecyclothorax perseveratus . The eyes are convex, ocular ratio = 1.46-1.55, covering the ocular lobe as in Mecyclothorax perstriatus; ocular lobe ratio = 0.81-0.87. Being of smaller body size, the pronotum appears more constricted basally, though the MPW/BPW ratio range of 1.53-1.63 overlaps the values of the other two species. Elytral shape is also variable as in the other two species; MEW/HuW = 2.05-2.23.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 1). Aedeagal median lobe short, apex barely extended beyond ostial opening, shaft thin, distance from parameral articulation to tip 5.7 × depth at midlength (Fig. 11H); median lobe apex slightly curved to the right, tip not expanded in ventral view (Fig. 11I); internal sac with evident flagellar plate, but without other ornamentation.</p><p>Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix bipartite, apex digitiform and narrower than base at vagina, bursa 0.40 mm long overall, base at vagina 0.26 mm broad, digitiform apical lobe 0.17 mm long, 0.13 mm broad (Fig. 12D); bursal surface membranous, translucent, finely wrinkled; gonocoxite 1 with 3 apical fringe setae, a thin apicomedial seta at apex of medial surface, 4-5 setae more basally on medial surface (Fig. 13C); gonocoxite 2 subacuminate with lateral extension, 2 gracile lateral ensiform setae, apical nematiform setae on medial surface at 0.75 × gonocoxite length.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Male (NMNH) dissected (Liebherr 2005b: 121). Type locality HI: Maui, Haleakalā, Polipoli S.R.A., 1770 m el.</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax superstriatus is restricted to the Polipoli Springs area along the southwest rift of Haleakalā (Fig. 14). They have been found from 1730-1770 m elevation, either in a deep ravine on a moist rock face that was covered with ferns and mosses, or in moss on a moist Pinus radiata log on a ravine floor. Both situations were among the moister microhabitats in the immediate area.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/238897C86F8A4AE1BC90DF09DABCBB6B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
43123C1B56A7CC87C35A8AEAFC202DD8.text	43123C1B56A7CC87C35A8AEAFC202DD8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax daptinus Sharp	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(004) Mecyclothorax daptinus Sharp Figs 15A, 16 A–B, 17A, 18A, 19</p><p>Mecyclothorax daptinus Sharp 1903: 249; Britton 1948b: 160.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>This species is easily diagnosed by the pale pronotal and elytral margins contrasted with piceous discal areas and the rugose transverse wrinkles of the pronotal disc (Fig. 15A). The pronotum is moderately constricted basally–MPW /BPW = 1.44 –1.59– and the forebody dorsal surface bears well-developed microsculpture. The vertex is covered with upraised isodiametric sculpticells in transverse rows, and the pronotal disc is covered with a transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 –3× length. Conversely, the elytral discal intervals are glossy, with a transverse mesh to transverse lines toward the lateral elytral margins. Setal formula 2 (1-2) 2 1[sae]; of the five individuals scored, two have both lateral and basal pronotal setae, and three have only the lateral pair of setae. Standardized body length 3.4-4.1 mm.</p><p>Identification</p><p>(n = 5). Beetles of this species are of stocky stature, with short, submoniliform antennal segments and short legs. The eyes are moderately convex, ocular ratio = 1.44-1.52, but they cover only the anterior portion of the protruded ocular lobes; ocular lobe ratio = 0.72-0.80. In addition to the transverse wrinkles on the pronotal disc, the deep anterior transverse impression and elevated and flat anterior callosity are crossed by dense longitudinal wrinkles. The elytra are subquadrate with tightly rounded humeral angles-MEW/HuW = 1.89-1.92-and the discal elytral intervals are convex, the associated striae 2-3 minutely punctate basally, striae 4-8 with only minute irregularities.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 2). Aedeagal median lobe robust, short, distance from parameral articulation 2.8 × depth at midlength, apex briefly extended and evenly downturned beyond ostial opening (Fig. 16A); median lobe not curved to the right, though left side more broadly curved to rounded tip in ventral view (Fig. 16B); a moderate sized flagellar plate visible in uneverted specimen (Fig. 16B), no other sac ornamentation evident.</p><p>Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix basally broad, apically digitiform, overall length 0.43 mm, basal breadth 0.30 mm, apical lobe breadth 0.11 mm (Fig. 17A); bursal walls membranous, thin, transparent; gonocoxite 1 with 2 apical fringe setae, medial seta smaller, 1-2 small setae on medial surface (Fig. 18A); gonocoxite 2 subtriangular, apex subacuminate, base evenly extended from curved lateral surface, with 2 lateral ensiform setae, apical seta broader and longer, apical nematiform setae on medioventral surface at 0.71 × gonocoxite length.</p><p>Lectotype.</p><p>Female (BMNH) hereby designated, labeled: Mecyclothorax daptinus Type D.S. Haleakala Perkins 113 (on mounting platen) // Type // Hawaiian Is. Perkins 1904-336 // Haleakala Maui 5000 ft. Perkins IV 1894 // LECTOTYPE Mecyclothorax daptinus Sharp J.K. Liebherr 1998 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax daptinus is distributed along the leeward edge of the Waikamoi forest (Fig. 19), with the only recent records resulting from the application of pyrethrin fog to a mossy koa trunk or a mossy ‘ōhi‘a log. All but one of the collections have come from mesic forest near the Ukulele Camp site-~1500 m elevation-with the exception being a site on the Kula Pipeline Road at 1300 m elevation.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/43123C1B56A7CC87C35A8AEAFC202DD8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
00B683217EA3BCB73F49DC36A5EF36D7.text	00B683217EA3BCB73F49DC36A5EF36D7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax notobscuricornis	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(005) Mecyclothorax notobscuricornis sp. n. Figs 15B, 16 C–D, 17B, 18B, 19</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Among the pale-margined members of this species group, Mecyclothorax notobscuricornis (Fig. 15B) stands out due to the basally constricted pronotum; MPW/BPW = 1.57-1.61. This is also the largest-bodied species in the group, with standardized body length 3.6-4.3 mm. Like Mecyclothorax daptinus, this species is characterized by well-developed forebody microsculpture and glossy elytra. The vertex is covered with well-developed isodiametric and transverse-mesh microsculpture, the pronotal disc by a well-developed transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 –3× length, whereas the discal elytral intervals are glossy, their surface covered with reduced transverse lines. Setal formula 2 1 2 1[sae].</p><p>Description</p><p>(n = 4). Head capsule with frontal grooves broad near clypeus, an associated lateral carina extended to anterior supraorbital seta; dorsal impression of neck flat to slightly concave; labral anterior margin broadly, shallowly emarginate; antennomeres 2-3 with sparse pelage of short setae; mentum tooth with sides acute, apex tightly rounded. Pronotum with lateral setae present, basal absent; hind angle obtuse to right, to slightly acute, margin rounded posterad angle; lateral margin subparallel to convergent anterad hind angle; median base depressed relative to disc, with fine longitudinal wrinkles; basal margin straight medially, expanded posterad laterobasal depressions; median longitudinal impression moderately deep at midlength, finely incised, extended onto median base; anterior transverse impression broad, shallow, crossed with longitudinal wrinkles, lined with granulate isodiametric microsculpture; anterior callosity slightly convex; front angles slightly projected, tightly rounded, more distant than hind angles, APW/BPW = 1.06-1.12; lateral marginal depression narrow throughout length, edge reflexed, beadlike margin only anterad and posterad hind angle; laterobasal depression smooth, continuous with lateral depression. Proepisternum with smooth hind marginal groove; prosternal process medially depressed, sides broadly upraised laterally. Elytra subovoid, disc moderately convex, lateral margins more so; basal groove distinctly recurved to subangulate humeral angle, MEW/HuW = 1.95-2.07; parascutellar seta present; parascutellar striole with 3-5 punctures, deep, continuous; sutural interval more convex than lateral intervals, sutural juncture elevated; sutural and 2nd striae of subequal depth from base to apex; all striae deep, associated intervals convex; 7th and 8th interval similarly convex near apex; 2 dorsal elytral setae, anterior at 0.29 ×, and posterior at 0.58 –0.61× elytral length, setae situated in depressions spanning 2/3 of interval 3; subapical seta present, apical seta absent; lateral elytral setae arranged in anterior series of 7 setae, posterior series of 5(6) setae; elytral marginal depression broadly reflexed, translucent posterad humerus, narrowed apically to beadlike margin anterad subapical sinuation; subapical sinuation shallow, more abruptly incurved anteriorly. Mesepisternum with 6 shallow punctures, most in 1 row; metepisternal width to length ratio = 0.82; metepisternum/metepimeron suture distinct. Abdomen with irregular wrinkles laterally on ventrites 1-5; suture between ventrites 2 and 3 reduced, effaced laterally; apical male ventrite with 2 apical setae, apical female ventrite with 4 equally spaced setae plus a median trapezoid of 4 small setae. Legs-metatarsomere 1/metatibial length ratio = 0.19; metatarsomere 4 length along outer lobe 1.25 × medial tarsomere length, apical and subapical setae present; metatarsal dorsolateral sulci narrow, lateral, median area broad. Microsculpture of vertex well-developed isodiametric mesh in rows; pronotal disc with well-developed transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 –3× length; pronotal median base with upraised isodiametric and transverse mesh, transverse sculpticell breadth 2 × length; elytral discal surface glossy, with reduced transverse lines; elytral apex with shallow transverse mesh and lines; metasternum with distinct transverse mesh; laterobasal abdominal ventrites with swirling isodiametric and transverse microsculpture. Coloration of vertex rufobrunneous; antennomere 1 flavous, antennomeres 2-3 rufous, 4-11 rufobrunneous; pronotal disc rufopiceous, lateral margins flavous, apex and base rufoflavous; proepipleuron rufoflavous, proepisternum rufobrunneous; elytral disc rufopiceous on intervals 2-5 to 2-6, base of interval 6 flavous; sutural interval rufobrunneous basally, rufoflavous apically; elytral intervals 7-9 pale, flavous, apex flavous to apical juncture of intervals 3 and 4; elytral epipleuron flavous dorsally, rufoflavous ventrally, metepisternum rufopiceous; abdominal ventrites 1-5 rufopiceous medially, 3-6 flavous laterally; apical half of apical ventrite 6 pale, flavous; metafemur flavous; metatibia rufoflavous with piceous cast.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 1). Aedeagal median lobe broad, robust, distance from parameral articulation to tip 2.5 × depth at midlength, apex broadly rounded and little extended beyond ostial opening (Fig. 16C); slightly curved to the right, the tip broadly rounded in ventral view (Fig. 16D); internal sac unornamented, large flagellar plate evident inside dorsal surface of median lobe dorsad parameral articulation (Fig. 11C).</p><p>Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix elongate, broad with rounded apex, length 0.57 mm, breadth at bursal-vaginal juncture 0.23 mm, maximum vagina breadth 0.35 mm (Fig. 17B); bursal walls translucent, thinly wrinkled; gonocoxite 1 with 3 apical fringe setae, 5 setae on medial surface (Fig. 18B); gonocoxite 2 subtriangular, apex tightly rounded, base with short broad lateral extension, 2 lateral ensiform setae, the apical seta broader and longer, apical nematiform setae on medioventral surface at 0.70 × gonocoxite length.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Male (CUIC) dissected and labeled: HI: Maui Haleakala NW / slope Waikamoi Pres. / trans. 3 @ 1700 m el. / 10-V-1991 sifting / litter J.K. Liebherr // 2 // Mecyclothorax / notobscuricornis / ♂ #5 / det. J.K. Liebherr 2014 // HOLOTYPE / Mecyclothorax / notobscuricornis / Liebherr / det. J.K. Liebherr 2015 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Allotype.</p><p>Female (CUIC) labeled: HI: Maui Haleakala NW / slope Waikamoi Pres. / trans. 3 @ 1700 m el. / 8-V-1991 scraping / ohia w/ moss &amp; dirt // J.K. Liebherr / collector // Mecyclothorax / notobscuricornis / ♀ photo / det. J.K. Liebherr 2014 // ALLOTYPE / Mecyclothorax / notobscuricornis / Liebherr / det. J.K. Liebherr 2015 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Paratypes.</p><p>Koolau F.R., Haipuaena, 455 m el., 30-vi-1920, Bryan (BPBM, 2).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The adjectival species epithet notobscuricornis is drawn from the converse name obscuricornis, another species in this group. Why Sharp (1903) used that name is unknown, though it too can be derived from the name of a previously described and related species; Mecyclothorax obscuricolor (Blackburn).</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax notobscuricornis (Fig. 19) is known from one recent collecting site, the upper Honomanu drainage at 1700 m elevation, and one historical 1920 collecting site near Haipua‘ena Camp along the Koolau Ditch (Wilcox 1996), 425 m elevation (BPBM, E.H. Bryan, Jr.). Recent records were from sifted leaf litter and from moss and associated humus on the trunk of a large ‘ōhi‘a tree.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/00B683217EA3BCB73F49DC36A5EF36D7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
ED96F4B3CF96ED9799BCDC752ABFB6AE.text	ED96F4B3CF96ED9799BCDC752ABFB6AE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax mordax	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(006) Mecyclothorax mordax sp. n. Figs 15C, 16 E–F, 19</p><p>Diagnosis .</p><p>Among the pale-margined species in this group, this species can be diagnosed by the obtuse, rounded pronotal hind angles, the lateral margins only slightly sinuate anterad the hind angles (Fig. 15C). The elytra are subquadrate, with the lateral margins broadly extended posterad the rounded humeri. The pronotal base is smooth, with the median base moderately depressed and sparsely covered with shallow punctures and longitudinal wrinkles. Setal formula 2120. Standardized body length 3.8 mm.</p><p>Description</p><p>(n = 1). Head capsule with frontal grooves broad at clypeus, a lateral carina present to anterior supraorbital seta; dorsal impression of neck flat to slightly concave; eyes little convex, ocular ratio = 1.37, ocular lobe ratio = 0.77; labral anterior margin with broad, shallow emargination; antennae filiform, antennomere 2 sparsely setose, antennomere 3 with well-developed pelage of short setae; mentum tooth with sides acute, apex rounded. Pronotum with lateral seta present, basal seta absent; pronotal base little constricted, MPW/BPW = 1.42; basal margin straight medially, expanded posterad laterobasal depressions; median longitudinal impression shallow, finely incised; anterior transverse impression deep, narrow, finely incised; anterior callosity slightly convex, glossy but crossed by indistinct wrinkles; front angles moderately projected, tightly rounded; apical and basal angles at subequal separation, APW/BPW = 0.99; lateral marginal depression narrow but edge reflexed anteriorly, broader at midlength, beaded at hind angle; laterobasal depression smooth, concave, continuous with lateral depression. Proepisternum with 5 minute punctures along hind mar ginal groove; prosternal process medially depressed, broadly upraised laterally. Elytra subquadrate, disc moderately convex, sides slightly more sloped; basal groove moderately recurved to meet rounded humeral angle; parascutellar seta present; parascutellar striole with 3-5 punctures, striole shallow between punctures; sutural interval more convex than lateral intervals, sutural juncture elevated; sutural and 2nd striae of subequal depth from base to apex; striae 1-4 distinctly punctate basally, the punctures expanding strial breadth; intervals 2-8 convex to apex; 7th and 8th interval similarly convex mesad subapical sinuation; 2 dorsal elytral setae at 0.29 × and 0.59 × elytral length, setal impressions spanning 3rd interval; apical and subapical setae absent; lateral elytral setae arranged as anterior series of 7 setae, and posterior series of 5-6 setae; elytral marginal depression narrow at humerus, posteriorly expanded laterally, broad to midlength, a narrow bead at subapical sinuation; subapical sinuation very shallow, nearly obsolete. Mesepisternum with ~8 shallow punctures arranged in 2-3 rows; metepisternal width to length ratio = 0.80; metepisternum/metepimeron suture distinct; metathoracic flight wing extended to posterior margin of metanotum. Abdomen with irregular lateral wrinkles on ventrites 1-4; suture between ventrites 2 and 3 complete; apical ventrite of male with 2 apical setae. Legs-metatarsomere 1/metatibial length ratio = 0.19; metatarsomere 4 length along outer lobe 1.33 × medial tarsomere length, apical and subapical setae present; metatarsal dorsolateral sulci narrow, lateral, median area broad. Microsculpture of vertex shallow transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 × length; pronotal disc with shallow transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 × length; pronotal median base with shallow isodiametric and transverse-mesh microsculpture; elytral disc with shallow transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 × length; elytral apex with shallow transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 –3× length, plus transverse lines; metasternum with distinct transverse mesh; laterobasal abdominal ventrites with swirling isodiametric and transverse microsculpture. Coloration of vertex a glossy rufopiceous, antennomere 1 rufoflavous, antennomeres 2-3 rufoflavous, 4-11 rufobrunneous; pronotal disc rufopiceous, pronotal anterior callosity, lateral margins, and median base rufoflavous; proepipleuron flavous, proepisternum rufobrunneous with piceous cast; elytral disc with intervals 2-5 piceous from base to near apex, interval 6 rufous, and 7-9 flavous continuous with broadly flavous apex; sutural interval rufoflavous basally, flavous in apical 1/3; elytral epipleuron pale creamy ivory, metepisternum rufopiceous with piceous cast; abdominal ventrites 1-3 medially, and 4-6 mediobasally piceous, flavous laterally and apically; apical 2/3 of apical abdominal ventrite 6 flavous; metafemur flavous with piceous cloud covering basal half of anterior face; metatibia rufoflavous with brunneous cast.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 1). Aedeagal median lobe robust (Fig. 16E), but thinner than that of Mecyclothorax notobscuricornis (Fig. 16C), distance from parameral articulation to tip 3.6 × depth at midlength, apex extended more than its breadth beyond ostial opening, tip tightly rounded; median lobe narrowed apically and curved to the right in ventral view, tip appearing bluntly rounded (Fig. 16F); internal sac with field of 5 large macrospicules, flagellar plate large and visible in uneverted specimen just basad spicular field.</p><p>Holotype .</p><p>Male (CUIC) dissected and labeled: HI: Maui Haleakala N.P. / Kuiki, below el. 2164 m / N20°42.23', W156°08.00', / 16-V-2001 lot 05 sifting / ohia litter C.P. Ewing // Mecyclothorax / mordax / ♂ #1 / det. J.K. Liebherr 2014 // HOLOTYPE / Mecyclothorax / mordax / Liebherr / det. J.K. Liebherr 2015 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The adjectival epithet mordax means biting, corroding, or pungent, an appropriate name for a carabid beetle. But here it is also a play on the epithet daptinus -used by Sharp (1903) for a species of similar appearance-derived from the Greek dapto; to devour, or gnaw (Brown 1956).</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>The lone specimen of this species was found near Kuiki (Fig. 19) in leaf litter taken from below an isolated ‘ōhi‘a tree growing at timberline (e.g. Fig. 5A).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/ED96F4B3CF96ED9799BCDC752ABFB6AE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
3177E944C498DE55EF541D026CB39F3B.text	3177E944C498DE55EF541D026CB39F3B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax mordicus	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(007) Mecyclothorax mordicus sp. n. Figs 15D, 16 G–H, 19</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Of the pale margined species in this group from Haleakalā that exhibit a smooth pronotal disc, sinuate lateral pronotal margins and a broader pronotal base-MPW/BPW = 1.42-1.52-this species can be diagnosed by more convex eyes-ocular ratio = 1.44-1.55-and the subparallel pronotal lateral margins and protruded hind angles (Fig. 15D). The most similar species is Mecyclothorax manducus (Fig. 20A), which deviates by exhibiting smaller eyes-ocular ratio = 1.40-1.43. If a male is available, the aedeagus can settle the matter, with Mecyclothorax mordicus exhibiting a median lobe with a very short rounded apex distad the ostial opening (Fig. 16G), whereas the median lobe apex of Mecyclothorax manducus is elongate (Fig. 16I). Setal formula 2 1 2 1[sae]. Standardized body length 3.6-3.9 mm.</p><p>Description</p><p>(n = 4). Head capsule with frontal grooves broad at clypeus, a lateral carina to anterior supraorbital seta; dorsal impression of neck flat to concave; ocular lobe ratio = 0.75-0.77; labral anterior margin broadly, shallowly emarginate; antennae filiform, antennomere with sparse setae, antennomere 3 with pelage of short setae; mentum tooth with sides acute, apex rounded. Pronotum with lateral seta present, basal seta absent; hind angle obtuse, margin rounded posterad; lateral margin subparallel anterad hind angle then divergent; median base moderately depressed, covered with dense longitudinal wrinkles and some punctures; basal margin straight medially, slightly expanded posteriorly mesad laterobasal depressions; median longitudinal impression shallow, finely incised; anterior transverse impression deep, broader medially, lined with granulate isodiametric microsculpture and crossed by longitudinal wrinkles; anterior callosity elevated, flat, crossed by longitudinal wrinkles; front angles little projected, tightly rounded; front angles slightly farther apart than hind angles; APW/BPW = 1.03-1.04; lateral marginal depression moderately narrow, edge upturned; laterobasal depression smooth, concave, surface continuous with lateral depression. Proepisternum with 5 minute punctures along hind marginal groove; prosternal process medially depressed, sides broadly upraised. Elytra subquadrate, MEW/HuW = 1.81-1.86; disc moderately convex, sides more sloped; basal groove angled anterad from 3rd stria to meet tightly rounded humeral angle; parascutellar seta present; parascutellar striole with 3-5 punctures, striole shallow between punctures; sutural interval more convex than lateral intervals, sutural juncture upraised; sutural and 2nd striae of subequal depth from base to apex; intervals 2-8 convex, associated striae deep, minute irregularities present at base, smooth on disc and at apex; 7th and 8th interval of similar convexity mesad subapical sinuation; 2 dorsal elytral setae situated at 0.30 × and 0.60 × elytral length, anterior setal impression spanning interval 3, posterior impression spanning ½ of interval width; subapical seta present, apical seta absent; lateral elytral setae arranged as anterior series of 7 setae and posterior series of 6 setae; elytral marginal depression moderately narrow at humerus, broader posterad, beadlike at subapical sinuation; subapical sinuation shallow, more abruptly incurved anteriorly. Mesepisternum with ~4 shallow punctures in one row; metepisternal width to length ratio = 0.81; metepisternum/metepimeron suture distinct. Abdomen with irregular lateral wrinkles on ventrites 1-5; suture between ventrites 2 and 3 complete; apical ventrite of male with 2 setae. Legs-metatarsomere 1/metatibial length ratio = 0.20; metatarsomere 4 length along outer lobe 1.25 × medial tarsomere length, apical and subapical setae present; metatarsal dorsolateral sulci narrow, lateral, median area broad. Microsculpture of vertex isodiametric sculpticells in transverse rows; pronotal disc with transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 × length; pronotal median base with transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 × length; elytral disc glossy, transverse mesh to transverse lines present laterally; elytral apex with shallow transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 –3× length; metasternum with distinct transverse mesh; laterobasal abdominal ventrites with swirling isodiametric and transverse microsculpture. Coloration of vertex rufobrunneous; antennomere 1 flavous, antennomeres 2-3 rufoflavous, 4-11 rufobrunneous; pronotal disc rufopiceous, anterior callosity, lateral margins broadly, and median base rufoflavous; proepipleuron and proepisternum rufoflavous; elytral disc with intervals 2-5 piceous from base to apical 5/6, and interval 6 piceous on disc; sutural interval rufobrunneous basally and on disc, flavous in apical half; elytral intervals 7-9 plus marginal depression flavous, apex broadly flavous to juncture of intervals 3 and 4; elytral epipleuron pale creamy ivory, metepisternum rufobrunneous; abdomen with ventrites 1-3 medially and 4-6 mediobasally piceous; apical 2/3 of apical abdominal ventrite 6 flavous; metafemur flavous; metatibia flavous with brunneous cast.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 2). Aedeagal median lobe gracile but with tip very broadly rounded and little extended beyond ostial opening, distance from parameral articulation to tip 4.4 × depth at midlength (Fig. 16G); median lobe not curved to the right except near bluntly rounded tip in ventral view (Fig. 16H); internal sac unornamented, lightly sclerotized flagellar plate visible in lateral and ventral views (Figs 16 G–H).</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Male (CUIC) dissected and labeled: HI: Maui Haleakala Hana / For. Res. Ridge E / Heleleikeoha Str. 12-V- / 1998 lot 09 1760 m el. / sifting ohia litter C.P. / Ewing // 2 // Mecyclothorax / mordicus / ♂ #2 / det. J.K. Liebherr 2014 // HOLOTYPE / Mecyclothorax / mordicus / Liebherr / det. J.K. Liebherr 2015 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Paratypes.</p><p>HI: Maui, Haleakala, Hana For. Res., Horseshoe Bog, sifting Metrosideros litter, 1830 m el., 12-v-1998 lot 08 (CUIC, 1), Kuhiwa Str., beating Myrsine lessertiana, 1780 m el., 12-v-1009 lot 13 (CUIC, 1), same data a holotype (CUIC, 1).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The adjectival mordicus means biting in the mandibular sense, continuing the string of epithets that started with daptinus above.</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Recorded localities of Mecyclothorax mordicus are restricted the Hāna Bogs region, specifically to proximate locales at Horseshoe Bog and near the headwaters of Kuhiwa and Helele‘ike‘oha Streams (Fig. 19). Beetles of this species have been found in ‘ōhi‘a litter, and by beating Myrsine lessertiana (kolea lau nui).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3177E944C498DE55EF541D026CB39F3B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
3919D20C8CEE17D559E2827E3A4EE6AB.text	3919D20C8CEE17D559E2827E3A4EE6AB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax manducus	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(008) Mecyclothorax manducus sp. n. Figs 16 I–J, 17C, 18C, 20A, 21</p><p>Diagnosis .</p><p>Among the pale-margined species of this group, the slightly sinuate pronotal lateral margins associated with the obtuse pronotal hind angles of this species (Fig. 20A) are intermediate to the non-sinuate lateral margins of Mecyclothorax mordax (Fig. 15C) and the distinctly sinuate lateral margins of Mecyclothorax mordicus (Fig. 15D). This species is also characterized by less convex eyes-ocular ratio = 1.40-1.43-versus the more convex eyes of the other two species. Setal formula 2 1 2(3) 1[sae]; a third unilaterally present dorsal elytral seta was observed in one individual. Standardized body length 3.6-4.1 mm.</p><p>Description</p><p>(n = 5). Head capsule with frontal grooves broad near clypeus, a lateral carina present to anterior supraorbital seta; dorsal impression of neck flat to slightly concave; ocular lobe projected posteriorly, eye small, ocular lobe ratio = 0.71-0.74; labral anterior margin broadly, shallowly emarginate, antennomere 2 sparsely setose, antennomere with well-developed pelage of short setae; antennae filiform; mentum tooth with sides acute, apex tightly rounded. Pronotum with lateral seta present, basal seta absent; median base moderately depressed relative to disc, minutely punctate, minute wrinkles present on disc; basal margin straight medially, expanded posteriorly mesad laterobasal depressions; median longitudinal impression narrow, shallowly incised, continuous to basal margin; anterior transverse impression deep, narrow, surface behind with granulate isodiametric microsculpture, crossed by fine longitudinal wrinkles; anterior callosity slightly convex, glossy except for longitudinal wrinkles; front angles slightly projected, tightly rounded; APW/BPW= 1.00-1.04; lateral marginal depression narrow, edge upturned anteriorly, slightly broader, reflexed near base; laterobasal depression smooth, transversely wrinkled onto disc, continuous with lateral depression. Proepisternum with smooth hind marginal groove; prosternal process medially depressed, sides broadly upraised. Elytra subquadrate, disc moderately convex, sides more so; basal groove gently recurved to rounded humeral angle; MEW/HuW = 1.98-2.03; parascutellar seta present; parascutellar striole with three deep punctures, continuous between punctures; sutural interval more convex than lateral intervals, sutural juncture elevated; sutural and 2nd striae of subequal depth from base to apex; striae 2-8 of similar depth, associated intervals convex; striae 1-3 with small punctures that expand stria, striae 4-5 with slight irregularities; 7th and 8th interval similarly convex mesad subapical sinuation; 2 dorsal elytral setae at 0.27 × and 0.63 × elytral length (unilateral third seta at 0.48 × length), setal impressions spanning 2/3 of interval 3; subapical seta present, apical seta absent; lateral elytral setae arranged in anterior series of 7 setae, posterior series of 6 setae; elytral marginal depression narrow at humerus, expanded laterally along sides, narrowly beaded at subapical sinuation; subapical sinuation shallow, more abruptly incurved anteriorly. Mesepisternum with ~5 very shallow punctures; metepisternal width to length ratio = 0.76; metepisternum/metepimeron suture distinct. Abdomen with irregular lateral wrinkles on ventrites 1-5; suture between ventrites 2 and 3 reduced, effaced laterally; apical male ventrite with 2 marginal setae, female ventrite with 4 equally spaced marginal setae plus a median trapezoid of 4 smaller setae. Legs-metatarsomere 1/metatibial length ratio = 0.18; metatarsomere 4 length along outer lobe 1.25 × medial tarsomere length, apical and subapical setae present; metatarsal dorsolateral sulci narrow, lateral, median area broad. Microsculpture of vertex a well-developed isodiametric mesh in transverse rows; pronotal disc with well-developed transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 –3× length; pronotal median base with well-developed, upraised transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 × length; elytral disc with transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 –3× length; elytral apex with mixture of transverse mesh and transverse lines; metasternum with distinct transverse mesh; laterobasal abdominal ventrites with swirling isodiametric and transverse microsculpture. Coloration of vertex rufobrunneous; antennomere 1 flavous, antennomeres 2-3 rufoflavous, 4-11 rufobrunneous; pronotal disc rufopiceous, pronotal margins broadly rufobrunneous, median base rufoflavous; proepipleuron rufoflavous, proepisternum rufobrunneous; elytral intervals 2-6 piceous from base to juncture of striae 3 and 4, outer intervals and apex flavous; sutural interval rufobrunneous basally, flavous in apical 1/3; elytral epipleuron rufoflavous, metepisternum rufobrunneous with piceous cast; abdomen with ventrites 1-5 rufopiceous medially, rufoflavous laterally; basal half of apical ventrite 6 rufopiceous, apical half flavous; metafemur flavous; metatibia flavous with brunneous cast.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 2). Aedeagal median lobe moderately elongate, distance from parameral articulation to tip 3.7 × depth at midlength (Fig. 16I); apical extension parallel sided, the tip subangulate at its ventral margin; median lobe apex curved to the right just before blunt tip in ventral view (Fig. 16J); internal sac unornamented, elongate flagellar plate visible inside dorsal margin of median lobe in lateral view.</p><p>Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix columnar, 0.57 mm long, 0.15 mm broad (Fig. 17C); bursal walls translucent, thinly wrinkled; gonocoxite 1 with 2-5 apical fringe setae, 8-9 small setae on medial surface (Fig. 18C); gonocoxite 2 subtriangular, apex acuminate; base evenly extended from lateral margin and basally curved at apex; 2 gracile lateral ensiform setae, apical nematiform setae on medial surface at 0.70 × gonocoxite length.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Female (CUIC) labeled: HI:Maui Haleakala N.P. / Kipahulu Vy. Central / Pali Tr. 910 m el. / 30-IV-1991 sifting / moss and leaf litter // J.K. Liebherr / A.C. Medeiros, / Jr. collectors // Mecyclothorax / manducus / ♀ photo / Det. J.K. Liebherr 2014 // HOLOTYPE / Mecyclothorax / manducus / Liebherr / det. J.K. Liebherr 2015 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Paratypes.</p><p>HI: Maui: Haleakala N.P., Kipahulu Vy., sift litter, 1800 m el., 08-v-1991 lot 04, Jessel/Medeiros (CUIC, 1), above Bravo Camp above, sift litter, 600 m el., 01-v-1991 lot 03, Liebherr/Medeiros (CUIC, 1), Central Pali Tr., sift leaf/moss litter, 915 m el., 30-iv-1991 lot 03, Liebherr/Medeiros (CUIC, 16), under boards/logs/tarps, 915 m el., 30-iv-1991 lot 02, Liebherr/Medeiros (CUIC, 1).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>This last of the species epithets related to biting, the Latin noun manducus means glutton (Brown 1956).</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax manducus is known only from Kīpahulu Valley (Fig. 21), though it occupies habitats from 600-1800 m elevation there. Records are all from ground-level microhabitats. These predominantly include 17 specimens in four Winkler sifter samples of leaf and moss litter (2-3 l each) taken from near large koa and 'ōlapa trees, but also one beetle from under boards, tarps and logs at an abandoned fence-building camp.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3919D20C8CEE17D559E2827E3A4EE6AB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
DC0E917ED867C1F65C3A1E1A6E0C1867.text	DC0E917ED867C1F65C3A1E1A6E0C1867.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax ambulatus	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(009) Mecyclothorax ambulatus sp. n. Figs 16 K–L, 20B, 21</p><p>Mecyclothorax n. sp. δ, Liebherr 2004: fig. 4.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>This species exhibits the most somber coloration in the group, the dorsal surface dark fuscous, and antennomeres 1-3 and femora only slightly paler (Fig. 20B). Elytral striae 1-5 are punctate basally, the punctures expanding strial breadth, a characteristic shared with the species triplet, Mecyclothorax waikamoi, Mecyclothorax poouli, and Mecyclothorax ahulili (Fig. 24 B–D), however Mecyclothorax ambulatus exhibits larger body size; standardized body length 4.0 mm versus 2.9-3.4 mm in the other three species. Setal formula 2 1 2 0.</p><p>Description</p><p>(n = 1). Head capsule with frontal grooves broad near clypeus, a lateral carina present to anterior supraorbital seta; dorsal impression of neck flat to slightly concave; ocular ratio = 1.43, ocular lobe ratio = 0.81; labral anterior margin broadly, shallowly emarginate; antennae filiform, antennomere 2 sparsely setose, antennomere 3 with well-developed pelage of short setae; mentum tooth with sides acute, apex tightly rounded. Pronotum with lateral seta present, basal seta absent; MPW/BPW = 1.43; hind angle obtuse, apex rounded; lateral margin slightly divergent anterad hind angle, then more divergent anteriorly; median base moderately depressed relative to disc, sparsely covered with minute punctures, minute wrinkles present at juncture with disc; basal margin convexly expanded between laterobasal depressions; median longitudinal impression narrow, shallowly incised; anterior transverse impression narrow, finely incised, shallowest medially, crossed by fine wrinkles; anterior callosity elevated, flat, crossed by fine wrinkles; front angles slightly projected, tightly rounded; APW/BPW= 1.01; lateral marginal depression narrow, edge upturned anteriorly, beadlike at lateral sinuation and posterad laterobasal depressions; laterobasal depression smooth, continuous with lateral depression. Proepisternum with smooth hind marginal groove; prosternal process medially depressed, sides broadly upraised. Elytra broadly subquadrate; disc moderately convex, sides more so; basal groove recurved to subangulate humeral angle defined by a hitch at base of lateral marginal depression; MEW/HuW = 1.93; parascutellar seta present; parascutellar striole with 3 deep punctures, deep, continuous between punctures; sutural interval more convex than lateral intervals, sutural juncture elevated; sutural and 2nd striae of subequal depth base to apex; striae 1-8 deep, interval 8 convex mesad subapical sinuation; 2 dorsal elytral setae at 0.28 –0.30× and 0.61 –0.63× elytral length, setal impressions moderately deep, spanning 2/3 of interval 3; subapical and apical setae absent; lateral elytral setae arranged in an anterior series of 7 setae and a posterior series of 5 setae; elytral marginal depression broad with upraised margin at humerus, gradually narrowed but still evident before subapical sinuation. Mesepisternum with ~7 punctures in 2-3 irregular rows; metepisternal width to length ratio = 0.80; metepisternum/metepimeron suture distinct. Abdomen with irregular lateral wrinkles on ventrites 1-5; suture between ventrites 2 and 3 reduced, effaced laterally; apical ventrite of male with 2 marginal setae. Legs-metatarsomere 1/metatibial length ratio = 0.19; metatarsomere 4 length along outer lobe 1.33 × medial tarsomere length, apical and subapical setae present; metatarsal dorsolateral sulci narrow, lateral, median area broad. Microsculpture of vertex a well-developed isodiametric mesh in transverse rows; pronotal disc with well-developed transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 –3× length; pronotal median base with well-developed, upraised transverse mesh, sculpticells twice as broad as long; elytral disc with mixture of transverse mesh and transverse lines; elytral apex with mixture of transverse mesh–sculpticell breadth 3 × length–and transverse lines; metasternum with distinct transverse mesh; laterobasal abdominal ventrites with swirling isodiametric and transverse microsculpture. Coloration of vertex dark rufobrunneous; antennomeres 1-3 rufobrunneous, 4-11 rufopiceous; pronotal disc and margins concolorous, dark rufobrunneous; proepipleuron rufoflavous, proepisternum rufobrunneous; elytral disc dark rufobrunneous, sutural interval concolorous basally, slightly paler, rufoflavous at apex, elytral marginal depression and apex slightly paler, rufoflavous; elytral epipleuron rufoflavous, metepisternum rufobrunneous; abdomen rufobrunneous, apical 1/6 of apical ventrite 6 paler, flavous; metafemur rufobrunneous with piceous cloud covering basal 4/4; metatibia rufoflavous with piceous cast.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 1). Aedeagal median lobe broad, long, distance from parameral articulation to tip 3.3 × depth at midlength (Fig. 16K); apex evenly curved, extended for 3 × its breadth beyond ostial opening, tip slightly flattened on dorsal aspect; median lobe distinctly curved to the right just before blunt apex in ventral view (Fig. 16L); internal sac with dark microspicules over surface, a short flagellar plate visible inside dorsal margin in lateral view.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Male (BPBM) dissected, point mounted above original mounting platen, and labeled: Hal. Maui / 1500 ft. (on reverse) // obscuricolor / var. from lower / elevation. RCLP. // red rectangle // T. obscuricolor // Mecyclothorax / ambulatus / ♂ #1 / det. J.K. Liebherr 2014 // HOLOTYPE / Mecyclothorax / ambulatus / Liebherr / det. J.K. Liebherr 2015 (black-margined red label). The elevation of 1500 ft. along the Makawao-Paia road is designated the type locality.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The past participle ambulatus means to have travelled or traversed, and is used to signify R.C.L. Perkins’ discovery of the single known specimen at 1500 ft. elevation on Haleakalā . This low elevation collecting site is interpreted to have been along his walk from Makawao, the home base of his mountain collecting, to Paia, the village where he purchased groceries (Manning 1986).</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax ambulatus is a biogeographic relict, being labeled from Haleakalā, 1500 ft. by Perkins (Fig. 21). The designated type locality currently lies among agricultural fields and homesites near the town of Kamole, leading to the conclusion that this species is extinct near its only known locality.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DC0E917ED867C1F65C3A1E1A6E0C1867	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
D15B036730820118F01EDFC8C520D221.text	D15B036730820118F01EDFC8C520D221.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax montanus	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(010) Mecyclothorax montanus sp. n. Figs 17D, 18D, 20C, 21, 22 A–B</p><p>Diagnosis .</p><p>The combination of quadrisetose pronotum, both lateral and basal setae present, subparallel to subovoid elytra, the lateral margins nearly straight along the anterior lateral setal series, and moderate body size, standardized body length, 3.4-3.8 mm, will diagnose this species. The pronotal and elytral margins are slightly paler than their respective discs (Fig. 20C), but not to the degree as in the paler-margined species treated above (Figs 15, 20A). This is also the only Haleakalā species of the group to exhibit both subapical and apical elytral setae; setal formula 2 2 2 2. Nevertheless, beetles of this species lack the parascutellar seta, and exhibit a reduced lateral elytral setal series, with base numbers of six anterior setae and five posterior setae.</p><p>Description</p><p>(n = 5). Head capsule with frontal grooves broad near clypeus, a lateral carina to anterior supraorbital seta; dorsal impression of neck flat to slightly concave; ocular lobe protruded, eyes small, ocular ratio = 1.36-1.38, ocular lobe ratio = 0.66-0.71; labral anterior margin broadly, shallowly emarginate; antennae submoniliform, antennomeres 2-3 sparsely setose; mentum tooth with sides acute, apex rounded. Pronotum quadrisetose, both lateral and basal setae present; MPW/BPW = 1.38-1.49; hind angle obtuse due to rounded margin behind; lateral margin parallel just anterad angle, then divergent; median base depressed relative to disc, a few large punctures and wrinkles present; basal margin broadly, slightly convex between laterobasal depressions; median longitudinal impression narrowly, shallowly incised, continuous to basal margin, adjoined by curved wrinkles emanating onto disc; anterior transverse impression deep, narrow, finely incised, crossed by fine longitudinal wrinkles; anterior callosity elevated, flat, crossed by fine wrinkles; front angles slightly projected, tightly rounded; APW/BPW = 0.94-1.03; lateral marginal depression narrow, edge upturned to beadlike at front, broader, less elevated to base; laterobasal depression surface impunctate with transverse wrinkles, continuous with lateral depression. Proepisternum with ~5 minute punctures along hind marginal groove; prosternal process medially depressed, sides broadly upraised. Elytra subparallel to subovoid, disc moderately convex, sides more so; basal groove evenly recurved to tightly rounded humeral angle; MEW/HuW = 1.80-2.00; parascutellar seta absent; parascutellar striole smooth, sinuous; sutural interval more convex than lateral intervals, sutural juncture upraised; sutural and 2nd striae of subequal depth from base to apex; discal striae 1-7 with small punctures that cause strial irregularities; 7th and 8th interval of similar convexity mesad subapical sinuation; 2 dorsal elytral setae at 0.28 –0.35× and 0.59 × elytral length; setal impressions moderate, spanning 2/3 of interval 3; apical and subapical setae present; lateral elytral setae arranged in anterior series of 6 setae, and posterior series of 5 setae (rarely 4 or 6 setae); elytral marginal depression narrow from humerus to midlength, gradually narrowed to bead at subapical sinuation; subapical sinuation shallow, more abruptly incurved anteriorly. Mesepisternum with ~7 punctures in 2-3 rows; metepisternal width to length ratio = 0.80; metepisternum/metepimeron suture distinct; metathoracic flight wing length to width ratio = 2.2, remnant R and M veins present, wing tip extended 2/3 distance to hind margin of metanotum. Abdomen with irregular lateral wrinkles on ventrites 1-5; suture between ventrites 2 and 3 complete; apical male ventrite with 2 marginal setae, apical female ventrite with 4 equally spaced marginal setae and median trapezoid of 4-5 short setae (the 5th seta, when present, shorter). Legs-metatarsomere 1/metatibial length ratio = 0.19; metatarsomere 4 length along outer lobe 1.28 × medial tarsomere length, apical and subapical setae present; metatarsal dorsolateral sulci narrow, lateral, median area broad. Microsculpture of vertex very shallow, transverse, sculpticell breadth 2 × length; pronotal disc with shallow transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 3 × length; pronotal median base with shallow isodiametric and transverse mesh; elytral disc with shallow transverse mesh, sculpticells 2 –3× length; elytral apex with shallow transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 × length; metasternum with distinct transverse mesh; laterobasal abdominal ventrites with swirling isodiametric and transverse microsculpture. Coloration of vertex glossy rufopiceous; antennomeres 1-3 flavous, 4-11 only slightly darker; pronotal disc rufopiceous; pronotal lateral margins, anterior callosity and median base rufoflavous to flavous at outer margins; proepipleuron flavous, proepisternum rufobrunneous; elytral intervals 2-8 rufopiceous, sutural interval rufoflavous basally, flavous apically; interval 9, marginal depression, and apical margin rufoflavous; elytral epipleuron flavous dorsally, rufoflavous along ventral margin, metepisternum rufobrunneous; abdomen with ventrites 1-5 rufopiceous medially, rufoflavous laterally; apical ventrite 6 flavous in apical half; metafemur flavous; metatibia flavous with brunneous cast.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 1). Aedeagal median lobe gracile, distance from parameral articulation to tip 4.5 × depth at midlength (Fig. 22A), apex broad, extended twice its breadth beyond ostial opening, tip flattened on dorsoapical aspect; median lobe slightly curved to the right before rounded tip in ventral view (Fig. 22B); internal sac covered with evident microspicules, a flagellar plate visible inside dorsal margin in lateral view (Fig. 22A).</p><p>Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix columnar, nearly as broad as vagina, length 0.54 mm, breadth 0.23 mm (Fig. 17D); bursal walls translucent, distinctly wrinkled; gonocoxite 1 with 3-4 apical fringe setae, 4-5 smaller setae on medial surface (Fig. 18D); gonocoxite 2 subtriangular, apex acuminate, lateral surface distinctly curved, 2 small lateral ensiform setae, apical nematiform setae on medial surface at 0.75 × gonocoxite length.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Male (CUIC) dissected and labeled: HI: Maui Haleakala N.P. / Kuiki, below el. 2134 m / N20°42.23', W156°08.00', / 16-V-2001 lot 02 sift. / litter under ohia lehua / J.K. Liebherr // Mecyclothorax / montanus / ♂ #1 / Det. J.K. Liebherr 2014 // HOLOTYPE / Mecyclothorax / montanus / Liebherr / det. J.K. Liebherr 2015 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Paratypes.</p><p>HI: Maui: Haleakala N.P., Kipahulu Vy., sift litter by day, 2100 m el., 07-v-1991 lot 05, Jessel/Medeiros (CUIC, 2), Mauka Ridge, pyrethrin fog Metrosideros /moss, 2045 m el., 21-v-1998 lot 01, Polhemus (NMNH, 1), Kuiki, below, sift Metrosideros litter, 2145 m el., 16-v-2001 lot 02, Liebherr (CUIC, 6), pyrethrin fog Metrosideros /moss, 2145 m el., 16-v-2001 lot 01, Liebherr (CUIC, 1).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The adjectival epithet montanus means of the mountains, which aptly fits the habits of this species distributed around the head of Kīpahulu Valley.</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax montanus is distributed in the upper slopes surrounding the head of Kīpahulu Valley (Fig. 21). Beetles have been found in sifted leaf litter from the forest floor, and also in leaf and moss litter adhering to trunks of ‘ōhi‘a .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D15B036730820118F01EDFC8C520D221	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
4066E44AF2E7E5D1759693A32A65F70B.text	4066E44AF2E7E5D1759693A32A65F70B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax obscuricolor (Blackburn)	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(011) Mecyclothorax obscuricolor (Blackburn) Figs 18E, 20D, 21, 22 C–D, 23A</p><p>Cyclothorax obscuricolor Blackburn 1878a: 123; Blackburn and Sharp 1885: 215.</p><p>Thriscothorax obscuricolor, Sharp 1903: 266.</p><p>Mecyclothorax obscuricolor, Britton 1948b: 160.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Of species in this group with concolorous pronotal discs and margins, this species exhibits the smoothest elytral striae, with only minute punctures basally in striae 1-7 that cause slight irregularities of the strial surface (Fig. 20D). The pronotal median base is moderately depressed relative to the disc, with longitudinal punctures and wrinkles producing a rough surface. The dorsal surface bears well-developed microsculpture, an isodiametric mesh on the vertex, and transverse mesh on pronotal and elytral discs with sculpticell breadth 2 –3× length. Setal formula 2 1 2 1[sae]. Standardized body length 3.7-4.0 mm.</p><p>Identification</p><p>(n = 5). The eyes are little convex, ocular ratio = 1.36-1.42, and cover about ¾ of the ocular lobe; ocular lobe ratio = 0.71-0.82. The pronotal hind angles are obtuse, with the lateral margins divergent anteriorly from the angles. The pronotum is broad, MPW/PL = 1.31-1.33, with a moderately broad base, MPW/BPW = 1.40-1.52. The pronotal anterior transverse impression is deep, narrow, and crossed by deep wrinkles. The elytra are subquadrate with broad subangulate humeri, MEW/HuW = 1.78-1.95. Body coloration is quite uniform, with head and elytral disc rufobrunneous, and pronotal disc darker, rufopiceous. The legs are contrastedly paler, with metafemora rufoflavous with a piceous cloud over basal 1/3 of anterior surface, and the tibiae rufoflavous with a piceous cast, especially apically.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 1). Aedeagal median lobe broad, robust, distance from parameral articulation to tip 3.2 × depth at midlength (Fig. 22C); apex broadly extended beyond ostial opening, the apical face flat; median lobe curved to the right, tip appearing flat in ventral view (Fig. 22D); internal sac covered with fine microspicules, brown, round flagellar plate evident inside midlength of lobe shaft (Fig. 22 C–D).</p><p>Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix broadly rounded, length 0.39 mm, breadth 0.34 mm (Fig. 23A); bursal walls thin, diaphanous; gonocoxite 1 with 3 apical fringe setae, the middle seta of series larger, 5 smaller setae on medial surface (Fig. 18E); gonocoxite 2 subtriangular, apex tightly rounded, base evenly extended from lateral margin, 2 lateral ensiform setae, the apical seta broader and longer, apical nematiform setae on medial surface at 0.75 × gonocoxite length.</p><p>Lectotype.</p><p>Female (BMNH) hereby designated, labeled: mounting platen with Blackburn Maui code (Zimmerman 1957: 210), C. obscur. (on reverse) // Type // Hawaiian Is. Rev. T. Blackburn 1888-30 // LECTOTYPE Cyclothorax obscuricolor Blackburn J.K. Liebherr 1998 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax obscuricolor was collected by R.C.L. Perkins in four different collecting lots (Nos. 112, 371, 372, and 622) that were derived from elevations ranging 1200-1980 m (Anonymous N D). Based upon the elevations and Perkin’s (1894) field notes, these localities spanned Olinda at lower elevations and Ukulele Camp and environs for the upper elevation localities (Fig. 21). No specific microhabitat may be ascribed to this species based on Perkins’ report (Perkins 1896c), and the species has not been recollected since 1896.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4066E44AF2E7E5D1759693A32A65F70B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
0910AB737D011BB7B5846ADCE04F7AE2.text	0910AB737D011BB7B5846ADCE04F7AE2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax obscuricornis Sharp	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(012) Mecyclothorax obscuricornis Sharp Figs 18F, 22 E–F, 23B, 24A, 25</p><p>Mecyclothorax obscuricornis Sharp 1903: 245; Britton 1948b: 160.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The combination of standardized body length 3.4-3.6 mm, distinctly punctate discal elytral striae (Fig. 24A), convex lateral elytral margins, and narrowly paler pronotal and elytral margins serves to diagnose this species from others in the group. This species shares with Mecyclothorax obscuricolor well-developed isodiametric and transverse-mesh microsculpture on the vertex, however the pronotal disc has more transverse sculpticells–breadth 3 × length to unconnected transverse lines–and the elytral disc has only a shallow transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 × length, with the surface glossy. In common with Mecyclothorax montanus, the parascutellar seta is lacking. Setal formula 2 1(2) 2 1[sae]; the species is scored for rare occurrence of both lateral and basal pronotal setae based on one individual with unilateral presence of the basal seta.</p><p>Identification</p><p>(n = 3). The eyes are little convex, ocular ratio = 1.37-1.40, and small, ocular lobe ratio = 0.74-0.79. The pronotum is moderately constricted basally, MPW/BPW = 1.43-1.46, with the lateral margins subparallel for only a short distance anterad the obtuse hind angles. The pronotal median base is moderately depressed and rugose due to the presence of large punctures and longitudinal wrinkles. The elytra are subquadrate with tightly rounded to subangulate humeral angles; MEW/HuW = 1.82-1.89.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 2). Aedeagal median lobe (Fig. 22E) more gracile than that of Mecyclothorax obscuricolor (Fig. 22C), distance from parameral articulation to tip 4 × medial breadth, apex narrow, parallel sided, extended 2.7 × its breadth beyond ostial opening, the tip rounded; median lobe nearly straight in ventral view, right margin slightly concave before rounded tip (Fig. 22F); internal sac covered with evident microspicules, flagellar plate elongate, visible just inside dorsal margin in lateral view (Fig. 22E).</p><p>Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix columnar with rounded apex, length 0.83 mm, breadth 0.34 mm, base as broad as vagina (Fig. 23D); bursal walls translucent, thinly wrinkled; gonocoxite 1 with 2-3 apical fringe setae, 7-8 small setae on medial surface (Fig. 18F); gonocoxite 2 subfalcate, apex subacuminate, base extended laterally, 2 lateral ensiform setae, the apical seta broader and longer, apical nematiform setae on medial surface at 0.68 × gonocoxite length.</p><p>Lectotype.</p><p>Male (BMNH) hereby designated, labeled: Mecyclothorax obscuricornis Type D.S. Haleakala Perkins 120 (on mounting platen) // Type // Hawaiian Is. Perkins 1904-336 // LECTOTYPE Mecyclothorax obscuricornis Sharp J.K. Liebherr 1998 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Just as with Mecyclothorax obscuricolor above, Mecyclothorax obscuricornis was collected repeatedly by Perkins (Nos. 112, 113, 120, 251, 371, 372, 59 8, 600, 608) with his notes (Perkins 1894, 1896a, 1896b) placing those collecting activities in the vicinities of Olinda and Ukulele Camp (Fig. 25). Also, as with Mecyclothorax obscuricolor, this species has not been seen in nature Perkins collected it. In 1894 he collected both species on 31-iii, 1- iv, and 6-iv, supporting their occupation of similar or at least adjacent habitats during the late 19th Century.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0910AB737D011BB7B5846ADCE04F7AE2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
C6C0660DECC5E6FB1C293E9A60E18619.text	C6C0660DECC5E6FB1C293E9A60E18619.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax waikamoi	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(013) Mecyclothorax waikamoi sp. n. Figs 23C, 24B, 25, 26A, 27A</p><p>Diagnosis .</p><p>This is the first of three very similar species, all characterized by small body size-standardized body length in this species = 2.9-3.4 mm-and subovoid elytra with variously punctate discal striae (Fig. 24 B–D). The three species are all of dark coloration, with rufobrunneous head capsules, rufopiceous pronotal discs, and piceous elytral discs with narrowly paler, rufoflavous to flavous margins. Mecyclothorax waikamoi deviates from the other two in the well-developed punctation of elytral striae 1-6 in the basal half of the elytra (Fig. 24B). The eyes also tend to be less convex in this species-ocular ratio = 1.38-1.47-though that span overlaps the range of ocular ratios of the other two species at 1.43-1.51. The male aedeagus (Fig. 26A) can diagnose the species, with males of this species (Fig. 26A) exhibiting a broader, more apically flattened apex to the median lobe. Setal formula 2 1 2 0.</p><p>Description</p><p>(n = 5). Head capsule with frontal grooves broad near clypeus, a lateral carina to anterior supraorbital seta; dorsal impression of neck flat to slightly concave; labral anterior margin broadly, shallowly emarginate; antennae submoniliform, antennomere 2 sparsely setose, antennomere 3 with well-developed pelage of short setae; mentum tooth with sides acute, apex rounded. Pronotum broad, MPW/PL = 1.28-1.34, basally constricted, MPW/BPW = 1.47-1.54, with sinuate lateral margins anterad slightly obtuse hind angles (obtuse due to rounded basal margin inside angle); median base moderately depressed, sparsely punctate, shallow wrinkles at juncture with disc; basal margin broadly, slightly convex between laterobasal depressions; median longitudinal impression extremely shallow, narrowly incised; anterior transverse impression shallow, narrow, discontinuous medially; anterior callosity slightly convex, smooth; front angles slightly projected, rounded; distance between front and hind angles subequal, APW/BPW = 0.97-1.05; lateral marginal depression narrow, edge not upraised from front angle to lateral seta, very narrow and beadlike in basal half; laterobasal depression smooth, narrow, continuous with lateral depression. Proepisternum with ~5 minute punctures along hind marginal groove; prosternal process medially depressed, sides broadly upraised. Elytra subovoid and convex, sides and apex depressed relative to disc; basal groove evenly recurved to tightly rounded humeral angle; MEW/HuW = 1.95-2.03; parascutellar seta present; parascutellar striole with 3 punctures, discontinuous between punctures; sutural interval more convex than lateral intervals, sutural juncture elevated; sutural and 2nd striae of subequal depth and punctation from base to apex; striae 1-6 and 8 complete, stria 7 shallower, associated intervals convex; 7th and 8th interval of similar convexity mesad subapical sinuation; 2 dorsal elytral setae at 0.33 × and 0.50 × elytral length, setal impression small, spanning about half of interval 3; both apical and subapical setae absent; lateral elytral setae arranged as anterior series of 7(6) setae, and a posterior series of 5(4) setae; elytral marginal depression slightly broader at humerus, narrowed laterally to a beadlike margin at subapical sinuation; subapical sinuation very shallow, more abruptly incurved anteriorly. Metepisternum with ~5 very shallow punctures in 1 row; metepisternal width to length ratio = 0.84; metepisternum/metepimeron suture distinct. Abdomen with irregular lateral wrinkles on ventrites 1-5; suture between ventrites 2 and 3 complete; apical male ventrite with 2 marginal setae, female apical ventrite with 4 equally spaced marginal setae and a median trapezoid of 4-6 short setae. Legs-metatarsomere 1/metatibial length ratio = 0.18; metatarsomere 4 length along outer lobe 1.33 × medial tarsomere length, apical and subapical setae present; metatarsal dorsolateral sulci narrow, lateral, median area broad. Microsculpture of vertex an obsolete transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 –3× length; pronotal disc with obsolete transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 3 × length, surface glossy; pronotal median base glossy with obsolete transverse sculpticells; elytral disc with shallow transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 –3× length, transverse lines present on lateral reaches of elytra; elytral apex with transverse sculpticells, breadth 2 –3× length; metasternum with dis tinct transverse mesh; laterobasal abdominal ventrites with swirling isodiametric and transverse microsculpture. Coloration of vertex glossy rufobrunneous to rufopiceous; antennomeres 1-3 flavous, 4-11 rufobrunneous; pronotal disc rufobrunneous, lateral margins and base slightly paler, rufous; proepipleuron flavous, proepisternum rufoflavous to rufobrunneous; elytral disc rufopiceous on intervals 2-9, sutural interval rufoflavous from base, flavous apically; elytral marginal depression narrowly flavous, apex and intervals 8-9 near apex flavous; elytral epipleuron flavous dorsally, rufoflavous along ventral margin, metepisternum rufobrunneous; abdomen with ventrites 1-3 medially rufopiceous, ventrites 4-6 rufobrunneous, apical 1/3 of apical ventrite 6 flavous; metafemur flavous, basal half with brunneous to piceous cloud on anterior surface; metatibia rufoflavous with brunneous cast.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 3). Aedeagal median lobe distinctly curved dorsally, robust, distance from parameral articulation to tip 2.7 × maximum breadth dorsad ostial opening (Fig. 26A); dorsal surface expanded at midpoint of ostial opening, apex downturned with apical face flat; internal sac unornamented, lightly spiculated, flagellar plate moderately elongate, length of sclerotized ventral face 0.43 × distance from parameral articulation to apex.</p><p>Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix a very short, broad pouch, length 0.17 mm, breadth at base 0.25 mm (Fig. 23C); bursal walls thin, transparent, not wrinkled; gonocoxite 1 with 3 apical fringe setae (Fig. 27A), 4 smaller setae on medial surface; gonocoxite 2 subtriangular, apex pointed, base little extended laterally, 2 short lateral ensiform setae, the apical seta distinctly broader, apical nematiform setae on medial surface at 0.70 × gonocoxite length.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Male (BPBM) dissected, platen mounted and labeled: ♂ (glued to mounting platen) // Waikamoi, Maui / 4000', VII-1956 // R. Namba / Collector // Mecyclothorax / waikamoi / ♂ #5 / det. J.K. Liebherr 2014 // HOLOTYPE / Mecyclothorax / waikamoi / Liebherr / det. J.K. Liebherr 2015 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Allotype.</p><p>Female (CUIC) labeled: HI:Maui Haleakala / Waikamoi N.C.P. Ukulele / Pipeline 7-V-1998 lot05 / 1550 m el. pyrethrum fog / mossy ohia J.K. Liebherr // 4 // Mecyclothorax / waikamoi / ♀ photo // ALLOTYPE / (same labeling as Holotype).</p><p>Paratypes.</p><p>HI: Maui: Koolau For. Res., Kula Pipeline Rd., pyrethrin fog log, 1305 m el., 18-v-2003 lot 09, Polhemus (NMNH, 3), pyrethrin fog Metrosideros, 1265 m el., 18-v-2003 lot 08, Polhemus (NMNH, 2); Waikamoi N.C.P., Honomanu drainage transect 3, sift litter, 1700 m el., 10-iv-1991 lot 01, Liebherr (CUIC, 1) scraping Metrosideros humus/moss, 1700 m el., 08-v-1991 lot 03, Liebherr (CUIC, 1).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The species epithet waikamoi is taken from the Hawaiian Waikamoi, the name of the Maui land section and stream that is translated from Hawaiian as "water of the ruler’s taro (Pukui et al. 1974)."</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax waikamoi is a species of ‘Ōhi‘a Montane Mesic to Wet Forest from 1200-1700 m elevation in the Waikamoi and Honomanu drainages (Fig. 25). It has been found in ground litter and in mossy humus on the trunks, and in the crotches of ‘ōhi‘a trees.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C6C0660DECC5E6FB1C293E9A60E18619	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
B0B2A9BA4EE3B00A70B33D1B0B981659.text	B0B2A9BA4EE3B00A70B33D1B0B981659.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax poouli	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(014) Mecyclothorax poouli sp. n. Figs 23D, 24C, 25, 26 B–D, 27B</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Distinguished from Mecyclothorax waikamoi, above, by the less punctate elytral striae (Fig. 24B, C) and the slightly larger, more convex eyes; ocular ratio = 1.43-1.48, ocular lobe ratio = 0.79-0.86. Distinguishable from Mecyclothorax ahulili by the subparallel pronotal lateral margins anterad the obtuse to nearly right hind angles (Fig. 24C), versus the divergent lateral margins and obtuse rounded hind angles of Mecyclothorax ahulili (Fig. 24D). The male aedeagal median lobe apex of this species (Fig. 26 B–D) differs distinctively from the very short and broad apex characterizing Mecyclothorax ahulili (Fig. 26E), and the flagellar plate is larger than observed in Mecyclothorax waikamoi (Fig. 26A). Setal formula 2 1 2 0. Standardized body length 3.2-3.4 mm.</p><p>Description</p><p>(n = 5). [The description of Mecyclothorax waikamoi serves equally well for this species with the following substitutions.] Eyes moderately developed, ocular ratio = 1.43-1.48, ocular lobe ratio 0.79-0.86; pronotum variably broad, MPW/PL = 1.30-1.37; pronotal hind angles obtuse to nearly right, margin rounded behind; pronotal lateral margins subparallel for short distance anterad hind angles, MPW/BPW = 1.49-1.53; elytra may be narrower across the humeri in some individuals, MEW/HuW = 1.97-2.08; elytral sutural stria with minute irregularities in basal half but without distinct punctures, smooth and deep apically; parascutellar striole with 3 punctures, striole continuous between punctures; lateral elytral setal series arranged as 6-7 setae in anterior series, 5(4) in posterior series; only 4 setae observed in the median trapezoidal setal patch of the female apical abdominal ventrite; metafemora with brunneous cloud on basal anterior surface.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 4). Aedeagal median lobe distinctly curved dorsally, robust, distance from parameral articulation to tip 2.7 –3.0× maximum breadth dorsad ostial opening (Figs 26 B–D); dorsal surface evenly curved at midpoint of ostial opening, apex downturned with apical face convex to briefly flattened, the flat surface shorter than in Mecyclothorax waikamoi (Fig. 26A); internal sac unornamented, lightly spiculated, flagellar plate large (Fig. 26D), length of sclerotized ventral face 0.55 × distance from parameral articulation to apex.</p><p>Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix a triangular tentlike pouch, length 0.32 mm, basal breadth at vagina 0.33 mm (Fig. 23D); bursal walls thin, transparent; gonocoxite 1 with 2 apical fringe setae, 5-6 small setae on medial surface (Fig. 27B); gonocoxite 2 subtriangular, apex rounded, 2 lateral ensiform setae with apical seta broader and longer, apical nematiform setae on medial surface at 0.72 × gonocoxite length.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Male (CUIC) labeled: HI:Maui Haleakala / Hanawi N.A.R. Poouli / Cabin 5-V-1998 lot02 / 1590m el. pyr. fog ohia / + Cibotium J.K. Liebherr // Mecyclothorax / poouli / ♂ photo / det. J.K. Liebherr 2014 // HOLOTYPE / Mecyclothorax / poouli / Liebherr / det. J.K. Liebherr 2015 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Paratypes.</p><p>HI: Maui: Haleakala N.P., Kipahulu Vy., Central Pali Tr., sifting leaf/moss litter, 915 m el., 30-iv-1991 lot 03, Liebherr/Medeiros (CUIC, 2), 1200 m el., 29-iv-1991 lot 03, Liebherr/Medeiros (CUIC, 2); Hana For. Res., Heleleikeoha Str. State Fence Camp, pyrethrin fog Metrosideros /moss, 1615 m el., 11-v-1998 lot 06, Polhemus (NMNH, 1), 12-v-1998 lot 04, Liebherr (CUIC, 1), 1795 m el., 12-v-1998 lot 11, Polhemus (NMNH, 2); Koolau For. Res., Hanawi N.A.R., Kuhiwa Vy. E rim, pyrethrin fog Cibotium, 915 m el., 10-vi-1999 lot 04, Polhemus (NMNH, 2), pyrethrin fog Metrosideros, 880 m el., 09-vi-1999 lot 09, Polhemus (NMNH, 1), Kuhiwa Vy., Poouli Cabin, pyrethrin fog Metrosideros / Cibotium, 1590 m el., 05-v-1998 lot 02, Liebherr (CUIC, 7), pyrethrin fog Metrosideros /moss, 1590 m el., 05-v-1998 lot 01, Liebherr (CUIC, 2), lot 03, Polhemus (NMNH, 4).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The po‘o uli ( Melamprosops phaeosoma Casey and Jacoby 1974) was a member of the Hawaiian drepanid finches first discovered in 1973 in the Hanawī rainforest. By 2004 it was extinct (Powell 2008). The Hawaiian species epithet is meant as a memorial to the birds that may have fed on the ancestors of the type series of Mecyclothorax poouli .</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax poouli occupies ‘Ōhi‘a-Hāpu‘u ( Metrosideros - Cibotium) Wet Forest in the Hāna Bogs, and Kuhiwa and Kīpahulu Valleys (Fig. 25). Known localities span 900-1800 m elevation. The beetles have been discovered in moss and leaf litter at ground level, and in mossy epiphytic growths on ‘ōhi‘a trunks and downed nurse logs.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B0B2A9BA4EE3B00A70B33D1B0B981659	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
0C93FF2FC07417381362376B1C432B36.text	0C93FF2FC07417381362376B1C432B36.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax ahulili	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(015) Mecyclothorax ahulili sp. n. Figs 24D, 25, 26E</p><p>Diagnosis .</p><p>This species exhibits strial punctation intermediate to Mecyclothorax waikamoi and Mecyclothorax poouli (Fig. 24 B–D)-the sutural stria bears minute punctulae associated with irregularities in the strial orientation-plus the briefest sinuation of the pronotal lateral margin anterad the hind angle. The pronotal lateral marginal depression is also somewhat broader, especially at the front angle where it is almost explanate. The male aedeagal median lobe exhibited by males of this species is very different from those present in males of the other two species, with the apex very brief and ventrally subangulate (Fig. 26E). The median lobe is also shorter and more robust overall than those seen in males of the other two species. Setal formula 2 1 2 0. Standardized body length 2.9-3.2 mm.</p><p>Description</p><p>(n = 4). [As for Mecyclothorax poouli above, the description of Mecyclothorax waikamoi serves for Mecyclothorax ahulili with the following substitutions.] Eyes larger, more convex, ocular ratio = 1.46-1.51, ocular lobe ratio = 0.83-0.85; pronotum variably broad, MPW/PL = 1.27-1.35, basally constricted, MPW/BPW = 1.49-1.56; elytra slightly broader across humeri, MEW/HuW = 1.98-2.04; 5 setae observed in the median trapezoidal setal patch of the female apical abdominal ventrite; metafemora with brunneous cloud on basal anterior surface.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 1). Aedeagal median lobe very broad, robust, distance from parameral articulation to tip 2.2 × depth at midlength (Fig. 26E); apex very briefly extended beyond ostial opening, length of extension subequal to breadth, apical face slightly flattened; internal sac lightly spiculated, flagellar plate visible in uneverted specimen, plate length 0.49 × distance from parameral articulation to tip.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Male (CUIC) dissected and labeled: HI: Maui Haleakala N.P. / Kekuewa Hill 0.7 km N / Puu Ahulili sift moss &amp; / humus 16-V-1993 lot 02 / el. 1600 m // J.K. Liebherr &amp; / A.C. Medeiros / collectors // 3 // Mecyclothorax / ahulili / ♂ #7 / det. J.K. Liebherr 2014 // HOLOTYPE / Mecyclothorax / ahulili / Liebherr / det. J.K. Liebherr 2015 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Paratypes.</p><p>HI: Maui, Haleakala N.P., Kipahulu west rim ESE Kuiki, sifting Metrosideros litter, 1830 m el., 12-v-1998 lot 08, Liebherr/Medeiros (CUIC, 1), Kekuewa Hill 0.7 km N Puu Ahulili, sifting humus/moss, 1600 m el., 16-v-1998 lot 02 (CUIC, 1), lot 03 (CUIC, 1), Kaapahu, 1250 m el., 7-iv-2004 lot 01, Kaholoa‘a (BPBM, 1).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The Hawaiian species epithet ahulili is based on the peak Pu‘u Ahulili that is near the type locality for this species. 'Ahulili means glowing or dazzling (Pukui et al. 1974), though being a Hawaiian word it is to be treated as a noun.</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax ahulili is known from three localities on the Manawainui Planeze (Fig. 25) that range 1250-1805 m elevation. All specimens have been found in ‘Ōhi‘a Montane Wet Forest within moss, leaf and humus litter at ground level, though the beetles should also be found on mossy trunks as for the prior two closely related species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0C93FF2FC07417381362376B1C432B36	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
9BDF1686B34E577FD434AB7FE5692DEA.text	9BDF1686B34E577FD434AB7FE5692DEA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax aeneipennis Liebherr	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(016) Mecyclothorax aeneipennis Liebherr Figs 28A, 29 A–C, 30A, 31A, 32</p><p>Mecyclothorax aeneipennis Liebherr 2005b: 123.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Among Haleakalā species of this group, Mecyclothorax aeneipennis exhibits the most quadrate pronotum, with the lateral margins little sinuate outside the laterobasal depressions (Fig. 28A); MPW/BPW = 1.17-1.29, versus MPW/BPW = 1.34-1.57 for all other Haleakalā species in this group. The elytral intervals are slightly convex, with discal striae 1-5 lined with small but distinct punctures in their basal halves to 2/3 of length. At the elytral apex, the 8th interval is more convex than the fused apical portion of intervals 5 + 7. The vertex is rufobrunneous, elytral disc slightly darker rufopiceous, and elytral disc rufopiceous with a cupreous reflection. The legs are contrastedly paler; femora flavous and tibiae flavous with a brunneous cast. Setal formula 2 2 2 2. Standardized body length 5.4-6.3 mm.</p><p>Identification</p><p>(n = 5). The eyes are moderately convex, ocular ratio = 1.41-1.50, ocular lobe ratio = 0.73-0.81. The elytra are quadrate, with the basal groove evenly recurved to the tightly rounded to subangulate humerus, the lateral marginal depression broad with margin upraised behind the humeral angle; MEW/HuW = 1.68-1.78. The dorsal body surface bears well-developed microsculpture: 1, vertex and pronotal disc with transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 × length; 2; 2, pronotal median base with mixture of granulate isodiametric and transverse-mesh microsculpture; 3, elytral disc with distinct granulate isodiametric mesh; and 4, elytral apex with a transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 3 –4× length.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 2). Aedeagal median lobe gracile, distance from parameral articulation 4.2 × median breadth (Fig. 29A), apex narrowly extended beyond ostial opening, the tip flattened on dorsoapical aspect, tightly rounded ventrally; median lobe straight in ventral view, the right margin slightly concave before blunt tip, the left margin curved rightward to meet apical extension (Fig. 29B); internal sac with well developed, dorsal and ventral microtrichial patches, both composed of stout spicules (Fig. 29C); flagellar plate with internal face well sclerotized, length of plate 0.40 × distance from parameral articulation to tip.</p><p>Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix columnar with expanded apex, length 1.2 mm, apical breadth 0.57 mm, basal breadth 0.40 mm (Fig. 30A); bursal base translucent with thick wrinkles, apex more transparent, little wrinkled; gonocoxite 1 with 4 apical fringe setae, a small seta unilaterally present at medial apex, otherwise 7-10 small setae on medial surface (Fig. 31A); gonocoxite 2 narrowly subtriangular with broad apex and tightly rounded tip, base broadly extended laterally, 2 lateral ensiform setae with apical seta broader and longer, apical nematiform setae on medioventral surface at 0.71 × gonocoxite length.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Male (CUIC) designated by Liebherr (2005b). Type locality: HI: Maui, Haleakalā, Polipoli S.R.A., 1890 m el.</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax aeneipennis is restricted to the forests near Polipoli Springs on the southwest rift of Haleakalā (Fig. 32). At the time this area was surveyed it was extensively afforested with exotic gymnosperms, especially Pinus radiata . Many of these trees had lodged, creating tangles of old logs with loose bark. Beetles were found under loose bark of downed logs, under logs on the ground, or by grubbing the Pinus leaf litter; i.e., pushing the litter aside to expose an area of soil and waiting for beetles to run into the arenalike opening. Mecyclothorax aeneipennis individuals were also found in more native situations, such as in mossy litter, or among tangles of Dryopteris fern stems.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9BDF1686B34E577FD434AB7FE5692DEA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
51AC4A78A8C66A8BA80A572B46C7282A.text	51AC4A78A8C66A8BA80A572B46C7282A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax affinis	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(017) Mecyclothorax affinis sp. n. Figs 28B, 29D, 32</p><p>Diagnosis .</p><p>Like Mecyclothorax aeneipennis in the quadrate elytra with broad humeri-MEW/HuW = 1.76-but with cordate pronotum, the lateral margins slightly convergent anterad the projected, right hind angles (Fig. 28B). The eyes are relatively flat, ocular ratio = 1.35, and the ocular lobes project abruptly from the gena; a slotlike impression at the juncture of gena and ocular lobe. The single specimen, which does not appear teneral, has the pronotal and elytral lateral marginal depressions paler than the discs, the pronotal margins rufobrunneous versus the rufopiceous disc, and the elytral marginal depression narrowly rufoflavous versus the rufopiceous disc. Moreover, this is the only Haleakalā species in the group to be characterized by absence of the parascutellar seta. Setal formula 2 2 2 2. Standardized body length 4.5 mm.</p><p>Description</p><p>(n = 1). Head capsule with frontal grooves broad near clypeus, a lateral carina to anterior supraorbital seta, dorsal surface of neck slightly concave; labral anterior margin broadly, shallowly emarginate; antennae filiform, antennomeres 2-3 with sparse pelage of short setae; mentum tooth with sides acute, apex tightly rounded. Pronotum moderately transverse, MPW/PL = 1.30, base moderately constricted, MPW/BPW = 1.38; median base depressed relative to disc, surface strigose with fine longitudinal wrinkles; basal margin slightly convex between the laterobasal depressions; median longitudinal impression shallow, very finely incised at depth, joined by irregular transverse wrinkles; anterior transverse impression deep, finely incised at depth, separate from discal intervals; anterior callosity moderately convex, crossed by shallow wrinkles; front angles slightly projected, apex tightly rounded; APW/BPW = 0.99; lateral marginal depression slightly broader at front angle, moderately narrow behind, edge upturned; laterobasal depression smooth, laterally elevated to projected lateral margin. Proepisternum with smooth marginal groove; prosternal process medially depressed, upraised laterally to narrow bead anterad coxa. Elytra with convex disc, sides progressively sloped laterad; basal groove recurved medially, straight laterally to subangulate humerus; parascutellar striole shallow, with 3-4 punctures; sutural interval flat basally, convex at suture from disc to apex; sutural and 2nd striae of subequal depth from base to apex; intervals 2-5 moderately convex, associated striae with minute punctulae causing strial irregularities, all striae smooth and deep apically; 7th and 8th intervals of similar convexity mesad subapical sinuation; 2 dorsal elytral setae at 0.25 × and 0.61 –0.63× elytral length, setal impressions extended over 2/3 of interval 3; both apical and subapical setae present; lateral elytral setae arranged as an anterior series of 7 setae and a posterior series of 6 setae; elytral marginal depression moderately broad throughout length until reduced to beadlike margin from subapical sinuation to apex; subapical sinuation shallow, more abruptly incurved anteriorly. Mesepisternum with ~8-9 punctures in 2-3 rows; metepisternal width to length ratio = 0.83. Abdomen with irregular lateral wrinkles on abdominal ventrites 1-5; suture between ventrites 2 and 3 complete; apical ventrite of male with 2 marginal setae. Legs-metatarsomere 1/metatibial length ratio = 0.20, metatarsomere 4 length along outer lobe 1.2 × medial tarsomere length, apical and subapical setae present; metatarsal dorsolateral sulci very broad, median area rough to carinate. Microsculpture of vertex isodiametric to slightly transversely stretched in rows; pronotal disc with transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 –3× length; pronotal median base with isodiametric to transverse mesh; elytral disc with transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 3 × length, to transverse lines; elytral apex with shiny transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 –3× length; metasternum with distinct transverse mesh; laterobasal abdominal ventrites with swirling isodiametric and transverse microsculpture. Coloration of vertex rufobrunneous; antennomere 1 flavous, antennomeres 2-3 rufoflavous, 4-11 rufobrunneous; pronotal disc rufopiceous; pronotal margins rufobrunneous in depression, lateral bead darker, rufopiceous; proepipleuron rufoflavous, proepisternum dark rufobrunneous; elytral disc rufopiceous; sutural interval basally rufobrunneous, apically rufoflavous to flavous; elytral margins and apex narrowly rufoflavous; elytral epipleuron rufoflavous laterally, rufobrunneous ventrally, metepisternum rufopiceous; abdomen medially rufopiceous, laterally rufobrunneous; abdominal apical ventrite with narrowly paler margin, rufobrunneous; metafemur flavous with piceous cloud on basal 2/3; metatibia rufobrunneous.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 1). Aedeagal median lobe gracile, distance from parameral articulation to tip 4 × median breadth (Fig. 29D), apex elongate, with narrow extension beyond ostial opening and dorsoventrally expanded, spoonlike tip; internal sac without apparent microtrichial patches, moderately elongate flagellar plate visible dorsad parameral articulation in uneverted specimen, flagellar plate length 0.42 × distance from parameral articulation to tip.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Male (BPBM) dissected and labeled: HAWAIIAN ISLANDS / Maui, Haleakala / Waikau Cabin 6400', / VI-18-1975 // R. Burkhart / Collector // ACC. NO. 1990.009 / BISHOP Museum // HOLOTYPE / Mecyclothorax / affinis / Liebherr / det. J.K. Liebherr 2015 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The Latin adjective affinis -meaning related to or neighboring-is used for this species to signify its close relationship to Mecyclothorax cognatus, a species named with the Latin word that means kindred or related (Brown 1956).</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>The lone specimen representing this species was collected at Waikau Cabin (Fig. 32) without any associated ecological information.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/51AC4A78A8C66A8BA80A572B46C7282A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
A82125154158892C12BAC6FD998202AC.text	A82125154158892C12BAC6FD998202AC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax cognatus Sharp	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(018) Mecyclothorax cognatus Sharp Figs 28C, 29 E–H, 30B, 31B, 32</p><p>Mecyclothorax cognatus Sharp 1903: 255; Britton 1948b: 165.</p><p>Atelothorax optatus Sharp 1903: 269; Britton 1948b: 165 (synonymy).</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Among the mid-sized species in this group-standardized body length 4.7-5.7 mm-this species exhibits the broadest body in both pronotal and elytral dimensions. The pronotum is transverse, MPW/PL = 1.26-1.33, and basally broad, MPW/BPW = 1.31-1.42. This species is broadly sympatric in the Waikamoi area with Mecyclothorax consanguineus, the species most similar in appearance and thus likely to cause confusion. Mecyclothorax cognatus can be distinguished by the broad elytra (Fig. 28C), with broad humeri, MEW/HuW = 1.83-1.94 versus MEW/HuW = 1.91-2.04 for Mecyclothorax consanguineus (Fig. 33B). The pronotum of Mecyclothorax cognatus also exhibits more broadly explanate lateral margins just before the hind angles, that area broadly extended from the deep, smooth laterobasal depressions. Mecyclothorax consanguineus conversely exhibits less explanate lateral margins at that position. If a male is available, the aedeagal tip is absolutely diagnostic even if extended only slightly from the specimen. Those of Mecyclothorax cognatus males have an angulate apex with subangulate tip (Fig. 29 E–G), whereas those of Mecyclothorax consanguineus males have an elongate apex with a mucronate tip (Fig. 34 A–I). Sharp (1903) described Atelothrus optatus based his interpretation that the lateral pronotal setae were missing in the unique type specimen. The left lateral seta is indeed absent, but the articulatory socket for the right lateral seta is evident, resulting in the species setal formula being scored here as 2 2(1) 2 2.</p><p>Identification</p><p>(n = 5). The eyes are moderately developed-ocular ratio = 1.41-1.46, ocular lobe ratio = 0.75-0.81-with the ocular lobe smoothly joined to the gena. The pronotal front angles are broadly protruded, subangulate externally, with the anteriorly broad pronotal lateral marginal depression narrowed to the position of the lateral seta, and then broadened toward the back of the pronotum. The elytral striae are present across the width of the elytra, depth of striae 6 and 7 subequal to slightly shallower than striae 1-5 and 8. The discal elytral intervals are only slightly convex, with very fine punctures in the associated striae. The metepisternum bears ~16 punctures in 2-3 rows, about twice as many punctures as seen in Mecyclothorax consanguineus . Cuticular microsculpture is essentially identical to that observed in Mecyclothorax consanguineus: 1, vertex with transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 × length; 2, pronotal disc with transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 –3× length; 3, pronotal base with distinct isodiametric and transverse sculpticells; 4, elytral disc with transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 3 –4× length; and 5, elytral apex with transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 3 × length, to transverse lines.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 6). Aedeagal median lobe gracile with broad, trapezoidal apex, distance from parameral articulation to tip 4.1 × median breadth (Fig. 29G), apex with flat ventral and apical faces, the tip angulate; median lobe nearly straight in ventral view, the right margin concave, and left margin incurved before the apparently rounded tip (Fig. 29H); internal sac broad, parallel sided, with moderate dorsal microtrichial patch and smaller ventral microtrichical patch that is near base of sac (Fig. 29 E–F); flagellar plate well sclerotized, length 0.42 × distance from parameral articulation to tip.</p><p>Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix columnar with rounded apex, length 1.32 mm, breadth 0.46 mm, base as broad as vagina (Fig. 30B); bursal walls translucent with thick wrinkles; gonocoxite 1 with 4 apical fringe setae, 6-7 smaller setae on medial surface (Fig. 31B); gonocoxite 2 narrowly subtriangular with subacuminate apex, base narrowly extended laterally, 2 lateral ensiform setae with apical seta broader, apical nematiform setae on medioventral surface at 0.73 × gonocoxite length.</p><p>Types.</p><p>For Mecyclothorax cognatus Sharp holotype female (BMNH) labeled: Mecyclothorax cognatus Type D.S. Haleakala Perkins 111 // Type // Hawaiian Is. Perkins 1904-336. // Haleakala Maui 5000 ft. Perkins IV 1894 // Atelothorax optatus Sharp compared with type E.B.B. // HOLOTYPE Mecyclothorax cognatus Sharp J.K. Lieb herr 1998 (black-margined red label). For Atelothorax optatus Sharp holotype male (BPBM) platen mounted and labeled: Atelothorax / optatus / Type / D.S. / Haleakala / 1902 (written on obverse of mounting card) // Mecyclothorax / cognatus Sharp / Compared / with type E.B.B. // HSPA # / 1960 // HOLOTYPE / Atelothorax / optatus / Sharp / J.K. Liebherr 1998 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax cognatus is restricted to forests in the Waikamoi region (Fig. 32) from 1200-1850 m elevation. The only recorded Perkins lot (No. 111) was collected iv– 1894 near Ukulele Camp, with modern collections centered on the Ukulele Pipeline Koa- ‘Ōhi‘a Mesic Forest at ~1500 m elevation northeast of the Ukulele Camp site. Beetles occur on and under bark of koa, in moss on trunks of ‘ōhi‘a, and on the ground in the leaf litter or under logs. Several have been collected in yellow-pan traps set on the ground.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A82125154158892C12BAC6FD998202AC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
29760A70A3810A10D93C631DE936EEA6.text	29760A70A3810A10D93C631DE936EEA6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax anchisteus	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(019) Mecyclothorax anchisteus sp. n. Figs 32, 33A</p><p>Diagnosis .</p><p>This species is easily diagnosed by the distinctly cordate pronotum, MPW/BPW = 1.57, with glabrous hind angles. The pronotal lateral margins are distinctly convergent anterad the acute and acuminately projected hind angles (Fig. 33A). The head, pronotum, and elytra are a uniformly dark rufous. The eyes are moderately convex, ocular ratio = 1.43, but rather small, covering only ¾ of the little protruded ocular lobe; ocular lobe ratio = 0.76. The elytra are broadly subovoid, with the humeri narrowly rounded; MEW/HuW = 2.0. The discal elytral intervals are covered with irregular transverse-line microsculpture, the lines not joined into a mesh. Setal formula 2 1 2 1[sae]. Standardized body length 5.1 mm.</p><p>Description</p><p>(n = 1). Head capsule with frontal grooves broad near clypeus, a lateral carina to anterior supraorbital seta; dorsal surface of neck slightly concave; labral anterior margin broadly, shallowly emarginate, antennae filiform, sparse pelage of short setae present on antennomeres 2-3; mentum tooth with sides acute, apex tightly rounded. Pronotum moderately transverse, MPW/PL = 1.26; median base depressed relative to disc, with small punctures and lateral wrinkles; basal margin straight, slightly indented posterad laterobasal depressions; median longitudinal impression shallow, very finely incised at depth; anterior transverse impression very shallow, narrow, crossed medially by longitudinal wrinkles; anterior callosity nearly flat, crossed by indistinct wrinkles; front angles slightly projected, tightly rounded; anterior width greater than basal width, APW/BPW = 1.07; lateral marginal depression narrow throughout, margin upturned to finely beaded before sinuation; laterobasal depression smooth, laterally elevated to projected lateral margin. Proepisternum with smooth hind marginal groove; prosternal process medially depressed, a broad lateral marginal bead that is narrowed anteriorly. Elytra with convex disc, sides depressed; basal groove slightly recurved to broadly rounded humeral angle; parascutellar seta present; parascutellar striole continuous, with 4-5 punctures; sutural interval more convex than intervals 2-4, sutural juncture upraised; sutural and 2nd striae of subequal depth from base to apex; striae 1-8 complete, stria 7 slightly shallower, associated intervals moderately convex; discal striae with slightly irregular punctulae basally, smooth and deep apically; 7th and 8th intervals of similar convexity mesad subapical sinuation; 2 dorsal elytral setae at 0.27 × and 0.49 –0.52× elytral length; setal impressions extended over 2/3 width of interval 3; subapical seta present, apical seta absent; lateral elytral setae arranged in anterior series of 7 setae and posterior series 6 setae; elytral marginal depression narrow throughout, margin slightly upraised at humerus; subapical sinuation shallow, broad. Mesepisternum with ~5 punctures in 1 row; metepisternal width to length ratio = 0.81; metepisternum/metepimeron suture distinct. Abdomen with irregular lateral wrinkles on ventrites 1-5; suture between ventrites 2 and 3 complete; apical ventrite of female with 4 equally spaced marginal setae and a median trapezoid of 4 setae, the basal pair longer. Legs-metatarsomere 1/metatibial length ratio = 0.22; metatarsomere 4 length along outer lobe 1.37 × medial tarsomere length, apical and subapical setae present; metatarsal dorsolateral sulci very broad, median area rough to carinate. Microsculpture of vertex with isodiametric to slightly stretched isodiametric sculpticells in transverse rows; pronotal disc with transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 3 –4× length; pronotal median base with isodiametric to transverse sculpticells; elytral disc with irregular transverse lines, apex with more regular transverse lines; metasternum with distinct transverse mesh; laterobasal abdominal ventrites with swirling isodiametric and transverse microsculpture. Coloration of antennomere 1 flavous, antennomeres 2-3 rufoflavous, 4-11 rufobrunneous; proepipleuron and proepisternum rufobrunneous; elytral apex paler than disc, rufoflavous to position of subapical seta; elytral epipleuron rufoflavous laterally, rufobrunneous ventrally, metepisternum rufobrunneous; abdomen medially rufobrunneous, laterally rufoflavous; abdominal apical ventrite 6 with apical 1/3 paler, flavous; metafemur flavous with piceous cloud covering basal half; metatibia rufoflavous with brunneous cast.</p><p>Female reproductive tract. The lone female holotype was not dissected.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Female (NMNH) labeled: HI:Maui Haleakala N.P. / Kipahulu Vy. West Camp / 20-V-1998 lot01 1950 m / el. pyrethrum fog mossy / ohia D.A. Polhemus // HOLOTYPE / Mecyclothorax / anchisteus / Sharp / J.K. Liebherr 2015 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The species epithet anchisteus is Greek for next of kin (Jaeger 1955), signifying this species’ close affinities to Mecyclothorax cognatus, Mecyclothorax affinis, and Mecyclothorax consanguineus .</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>This species is known from a single specimen collected at the head of Kīpahulu Valley (Fig. 32) after application of pyrethrin fog to a mossy ‘ōhi‘a tree.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/29760A70A3810A10D93C631DE936EEA6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
09A66087094E8068D60C18CC145DB566.text	09A66087094E8068D60C18CC145DB566.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax consanguineus	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(020) Mecyclothorax consanguineus sp. n. Figs 30C, 31C, 33B, 34 A–I, 35</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Of species in this group characterized by broader, shorter elytra and a basally constricted, quadrisetose pronotum (Figs 28 B–C, 33B), this species can be diagnosed by the narrowed humeri, MEW/HuW = 1.91-2.04. As in the morphologically similar and partially sympatric Mecyclothorax cognatus, the pronotum is moderately constricted basally-MPW/BPW = 1.37-1.60-and the discal elytral striae are finely impressed and lined with minute punctures, the associated intervals slightly convex. The male aedeagal median lobe configuration is unique in the mucronate apex (Fig. 34 A–I). Setal formula 2 2(1) 2 2; the basal pronotal seta may be unilaterally present, though at least one seta was observed in all examined specimens. Standardized body length 4.1-5.3 mm.</p><p>Description</p><p>(n = 5). Head capsule with frontal grooves broad near clypeus, a lateral carina to anterior supraorbital seta; dorsal surface of neck flat to slightly concave; eyes moderately developed, ocular ratio = 1.39-1.51, ocular lobe ratio = 0.72-0.77; labral anterior margin with subangulate emargination, excavated 0.2 × length medially; antennae filiform, antennomeres 2-3 with sparse pelage of short setae; mentum tooth with sides acute, apex tightly rounded. Pronotum moderate ly narrow, MPW/PL = 1.15-1.25, and moderately to rather constricted basally, MPW/BPW = 1.37-1.60; hind angle right to slightly acute, projected, the lateral margin convergent to parallel just anterad the angle; median base very depressed relative to disc, shallow longitudinal wrinkles and small punctures covering surface; basal margin straight medially, slightly indented posterad laterobasal depressions; median longitudinal impression very shallow, indistinct; anterior transverse impression very shallow, broad, crossed by longitudinal wrinkles; anterior callosity nearly flat with wrinkles on the posterior half; front angles projected, tightly rounded; front and basal pronotal angles variably subequal, APW/BPW = 0.92-1.03; lateral marginal depression slightly broader at front angle, moderately narrow behind, edge upturned; laterobasal depression smooth with median extension from disc as a tubercle. Proepisternum with 6 punctures along hind marginal groove; prosternal process medially depressed, with broad lateral marginal bead. Elytra with moderately narrow humeri, the disc convex and side moderately sloped; basal groove slightly recurved to hitched humeral angle at base of elytral lateral depression; parascutellar seta present; parascutellar striole shallow, smooth anteriorly with 3 punctures in posterior portion; sutural interval equally convex as intervals 2-4 basally, more convex apically; sutural and 2nd striae of subequal depth from base to apex; sutural stria finely impressed, irregularly punctate basally, smooth and deep apically, striae 2-5 with minute punctulae on disc, striae slightly irregular along length; 7th and 8th interval of similar convexity mesad subapical sinuation; two dorsal elytral setae at 0.26 –0.28× and 0.54 –0.56× elytral length, setal impressions small, extended over ½ width of interval 3; apical and subapical setae present; lateral elytral setae arranged as an anterior series of 7 setae, a posterior series of 6 setae; elytral marginal depression moderately broad at humerus, gradually narrowed to beadlike margin at subapical sinuation; subapical sinuation shallow, nearly obsolete. Mesepisternum with ~8-9 punctures in 1-2 rows; metepisternal width to length ratio = 0.84; metepisternum/metepimeron suture distinct. Abdomen with irregular lateral wrinkles on ventrites 1-5; suture between ventrites 2 and 3 complete; apical ventrite of male with 2 marginal setae, apical ventrite of female with 4 equally spaced marginal setae plus a median trapezoid of 4 smaller, subequal setae. Legs-metatarsomere 1/metatibial length ratio = 0.21; metatarsomere 4 length along outer lobe 1.4 × medial tarsomere length, apical and subapical setae present; metatarsal dorsolateral sulci deep, broad, median area strigose to carinate. Microsculpture of vertex a transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 × length; pronotal disc with reduced transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 –3× length; pronotal median base with distinct isodiametric and transverse sculpticells; elytral disc with transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 3 –4× length; elytral apex with transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 3 × length, to transverse lines; metasternum with distinct transverse mesh; laterobasal abdominal ventrites with swirling isodiametric and transverse microsculpture. Coloration of vertex rufobrunneous; antennomere 1 flavous, antennomeres 2-3 rufoflavous, 4-11 rufobrunneous; pronotal disc rufobrunneous, pronotal apical and lateral margins rufoflavous; proepipleuron rufoflavous, proepisternum rufobrunneous; elytral disc rufobrunneous, sutural interval concolorous to rufoflavous basally, rufoflavous to flavous apically; elytral marginal depression concolorous with disc to paler, rufoflavous basally, apex slightly paler, rufoflavous to position of subapical seta; elytral epipleuron and metepisternum rufobrunneous; abdomen with ventrites medially rufopiceous, ventrites 3-6 rufoflavous laterally; abdominal apical ventrite with apical half paler, flavous; metafemur flavous; metatibia rufobrunneous.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 15). Aedeagal median lobe distinctly curved, variably robust, with ratio of distance from parameral articulation to tip versus depth at midlength ranging 3.1-4.2 (Fig. 34A, H), but always with apex narrowly extended well beyond ostial opening, and tip denticulate; a brief indentation along apicoventral surface (Fig. 34 A–B, D–I); median lobe straight in ventral view, right margin slightly concave, left margin incurved before apparently blunt tip (Fig. 34C); internal sac generally lightly spiculated, but with indistinct ventral microtrichial patch comprised of slightly larger microtrichia (Fig. 34A); flagellar plate relatively large, length 0.45 × distance from parameral articulation to tip.</p><p>Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix columnar with apex rounded, bursa narrowed apically, length 1.05 mm, apical breadth 0.29 mm, basal breadth 0.36 mm equal to vagina breadth (Fig. 30C); bursal walls translucent with thick wrinkles; gonocoxite 1 with 3-4 apical fringe setae and 6-7 small setae on medial surface (Fig. 31C); gonocoxite 2 narrowly subtriangular with broad apex, base broadly extended laterally, 2 lateral ensiform setae with apical seta broader and longer, apical nematiform setae on medioventral surface at 0.74 × gonocoxite length.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Male (CUIC) labeled: HI: Maui Haleakala NW / slope Waikamoi Pres. / trans. 3 @ 1700 m el. / 10-IV-1991 sifting / litter J.K. Liebherr // HOLOTYPE / Mecyclothorax / consanguineus / Liebherr / J.K. Liebherr 2015 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Paratypes.</p><p>261 specimens (see Appendix).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The Latin adjectival consanguineus means related by blood, or kindred (Brown 1956), and signifies this species’ close relationship to the previous three species.</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax consanguineus has an elevationally broad windward distribution that spans the Waikamoi Koa- ‘Ōhi‘a Mesic Forest to the lower elevation ‘Ōhi‘a-‘ Ōlapa Wet Forest, and then disjunctly extends through the Hāna Bogs to the head of Kīpahulu Valley (Fig. 35). Collection localities range 1210-2438 m elevation. A population is known from the western wall of Ke‘anae Valley, 1325 m elevation. Another marginal population occurs at Paliku, 1830 m elevation, in the eastern end of Haleakalā Crater where windward fog and moisture spill over the headwall of Kīpahulu Valley creating a lens of mesic habitat. Beetles occur in forests composed of varying mixtures of koa and ‘ōhi‘a, as well as more open, higher elevation habitats including Dubautia (kupaoa) and Leptecophylla (pūkiawe). That the species can occur in such open habitats begs the question of why it has not been recorded from the Hanawī face of Haleakalā, an area of open koa Forest with extensive Dicranopteris (uluhe) fern understory. However our sampling of the Hanawī Koa-Uluhe Formation was very cursory, leaving the question for a more intensive biotic survey.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/09A66087094E8068D60C18CC145DB566	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
6A9F4D8BBD0B9B0429FC46ADA05CE2D7.text	6A9F4D8BBD0B9B0429FC46ADA05CE2D7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax aeneus Sharp	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(021) Mecyclothorax aeneus Sharp Figs 30D, 31D, 33C, 36</p><p>Mecyclothorax aeneus Sharp 1903: 255; Britton 1948b: 164.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The narrow body and moderately convex elytral intervals with nearly smooth striae set this species apart. Individuals of this species can be diagnosed by the narrow pronotum–MPW /PL = 1.15 –1.19– with its lateral margins convergent for 0.1 × the pronotal length anterad the acute, projected hind angles (Fig. 33C). The elytra are narrowly ellipsoid, with distinctly recurved basal grooves leading to proximate, subangulate humeri; MEW/HuW = 2.04-2.15. The elytral disc is rufobrunneous, with a cupreous reflection enhanced by a distinct granulate isodiametric mesh. At the elytral apex, the 8th interval is more convex than the fused apical portion of intervals 5 + 7. Setal formula 2 2 2 2. Standardized body length 5.7-5.8 mm for specimens available to the author, though Britton (1948b) listed the size range as 4.8-5.8 mm.</p><p>Identification</p><p>(n = 2). The eyes are moderately convex, ocular ratio = 1.42, covering ¾ of the protruded ocular lobe, ocular lobe ratio = 0.76. There is a deep carinate groove at the juncture of lobe and gena. The pronotal median base is depressed relative to the disc, and irregularly covered with fine punctures, longitudinal wrinkles lining the juncture of base and disc. The pronotal anterior transverse impression is shallow and broad, not incised, and crossed by dense, deep longitudinal wrinkles that extend across the anterior callosity. The pronotal laterobasal depressions are broad and smooth, with a well-developed median tubercle. The mesepisternum bears ~16 punctures in 2-3 rows. Microsculpture is well developed, with the vertex covered by an isodiametric mesh in transverse rows, and the pronotal base covered with mixture of granulate isodiametric and transverse sculpticells.</p><p>Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix columnar with rounded apex, length 1.14 mm, breadth 0.39 mm, base as broad as vagina (Fig. 30D); bursal walls translucent with thick wrinkles in basal half, more transparent and little wrinkled apically; gonocoxite 1 with 3-4 apical fringe setae and 8-9 small setae on medial surface (Fig. 31D); gonocoxite 2 narrowly subtriangular with broad apex, tightly rounded tip, 2 lateral ensiform setae with apical seta broader and longer, apical nematiform setae on medioventral surface at 0.72 × gonocoxite length.</p><p>Lectotype.</p><p>Male (BMNH) hereby designated, labeled: Thriscothorax aeneus D.S. Type Haleakala Perkins 383 // Type // Hawaiian Is. Perkins 1904-336 // LECTOTYPE Mecyclothorax aeneus Sharp J.K. Liebherr 1998 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax aeneus is a species of the mesic Waikamoi forests (Fig. 36). In 1894 Perkins collected two specimens near the leeward forest edge at Ukulele Camp, with two more recently collected specimens from 1700-1850 m elevation in the Honomanu drainage complementing the original type series. The two recent collections were made from moss and humus adhering to ‘ōhi‘a trunks.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6A9F4D8BBD0B9B0429FC46ADA05CE2D7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
7149DFFCB6A1E7EA12E6EF14DD5209CC.text	7149DFFCB6A1E7EA12E6EF14DD5209CC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax antaeus	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(022) Mecyclothorax antaeus sp. n. Figs 30E, 33D, 34 J–L, 36, 37A</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>This species can be diagnosed by the broad elytra with sides subparallel at midlength (Fig. 33D), a configuration shared with Mecyclothorax robustus and Mecyclothorax haydeni (Fig. 38 C–E), however the discal elytral striae are smooth to only minutely punctate instead of distinctly punctate, and the associated intervals are only moderately convex instead of convex. The pronotum has the lateral margin parallel to slightly convergent anterad the right hind angles, and the pronotal median base is covered with fine punctures. Beetles of the other two species have pronota with parallel to divergent basal lateral margins. The male aedeagal median lobe of Mecyclothorax antaeus males has the apex elongate and parallel sided with a downturned tip (Fig. 34 J–K), versus the apically flattened median lobe of Mecyclothorax robustus (Fig. 41) and the elongate, evenly curved apex observed in males of Mecyclothorax haydeni (Fig. 43). Setal formula 2 2 2 2. Standardized body length 4.6-5.9 mm.</p><p>Description</p><p>(n = 5). Head capsule with frontal grooves broad near clypeus, a lateral carina to anterior supraorbital seta; dorsal surface of neck flat to slightly concave; eyes moderately convex, ocular ratio = 1.46-1.50, ocular lobe distinctly protruded from gena, ocular lobe ratio = 0.71-0.78, an abruptly depressed slot at juncture of lobe and gena; labral anterior margin broadly shallowly emarginate; antennae filiform, antennomeres 2-3 with sparse pelage of short setae; mentum tooth with sides acute, apex tightly rounded. Pronotum subcordate, quadrate to slightly transverse, MPW/BPW = 1.38-1.45, MPW/PL = 1.18-1.25; hind angle right, projected, the margin behind convex; basal margin slightly convex between hind angles; median longitudinal impression shallow, finely incised; anterior transverse impression broad, shallow, crossed by longitudinal wrinkles, lined with granulate isodiametric microsculpture; anterior callosity slightly elevated, covered with dense longitudinal wrinkles, strigose; front angles slightly projected, rounded; base broader than distance between front angles, APW/BPW = 0.86-0.98; lateral marginal depression moderately broad, explanate, edge upturned; laterobasal depression broad, smooth, with median tubercle. Proepisternum with 6 indistinct punctures along hind marginal groove; prosternal process medially depressed, with broad lateral marginal bead. Elytra subquadrate, humeri moderately narrow, rounded, sides subparallel at midlength; elytral disc convex, sides progressively sloped laterally; basal groove recurved to subangulate humeri, the lateral margin upraised, and humeral angle defined by hitch at base of lateral marginal depression, MEW/HuW = 2.02-2.13; parascutellar seta present; parascutellar striole deep with 5 punctures; sutural interval more convex than intervals 2-4, sutural juncture upraised; sutural and 2nd striae of subequal depth from base to apex; sutural and lateral discal striae 2-6 minutely punctate, striae slightly irregular along length; 7th and 8th intervals of similar convexity mesad subapical sinuation; 2 dorsal elytral setae at 0.29 –0.34× and 0.55 –0.60× elytral length, setal impressions small, extended over ½ width of interval 3; apical and subapical setae present; lateral elytral setae arranged in an anterior series of 7(6) setae and a posterior series of 6 setae; elytral marginal depression moderately broad in anterior half, narrowed anterad subapical sinuation; subapical sinuation shallow, broad. Mesepisternum with ~14 punctures in 2-3 rows; metepisternal width to length ratio = 0.81; metepisternum/metepimeron suture distinct. Abdomen with irregular lateral wrinkles on ventrites 1-5; suture between ventrites 2 and 3 complete; apical ventrite of male with 2 marginal setae, apical ventrite of female with 4 equally spaced setae and median patch of 4(5) short, subequal setae. Legs-metatarsomere 1/metatibial length ratio = 0.20; metatarsomere 4 length along outer lobe 1.33 × medial tarsomere length, apical and subapical setae present; metatarsal dorsolateral sulci deep, broad, median area strigose to carinate. Microsculpture of vertex an isodiametric mesh; pronotal disc with transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 –3× length; pronotal median base with distinct to granulate isodiametric mesh; elytral disc and apex with transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 3 × length, to transverse lines; metasternum with distinct transverse mesh; laterobasal abdominal ventrites with swirling isodiametric and transverse microsculpture. Coloration of vertex rufobrunneous with a purplish reflection; antennomere 1 flavous, 2-3 rufoflavous, 4-11 rufobrunneous; pronotal disc rufobrunneous with purplish reflection; pronotal margins rufoflavous inside front angles, otherwise concolorous with disc; proepipleuron rufoflavous, proepisternum rufobrunneous; elytral disc rufobrunneous with purplish reflection; sutural interval concolorous with disc basally, rufoflavous apically; elytral lateral marginal depression rufoflavous, apex slightly paler than disc, rufoflavous to position of subapical seta; elytral epipleuron rufoflavous laterally, rufobrunneous ventrally, metepisternum rufobrunneous; abdomen with ventrites medially rufobrunneous, marginally rufoflavous; apical half of ventrite 6 paler, flavous; metafemur flavous; metatibia rufoflavous.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 4). Aedeagal median lobe gracile, distance from parameral articulation to tip 4.1 × depth at midlength (Fig. 34 J–K), apex narrowly extended beyond ostial opening, tip downturned with flat apical face; median lobe broadly curved rightward in ventral view, the apex parallel sided and tip blunt (Fig. 34L); internal sac tubular, elongate, with two ventral microtrichial patches, a larger basal patch and a smaller apical patch situated just distad a median constriction (Fig. 34J); flagellar plate of moderate size, length of sclerotized internal face 0.38 × distance from parameral articulation to tip.</p><p>Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix columnar with rounded apex, bursa narrower in apical half, length 1.10 mm, apical breadth 0.32 mm, basal breadth 0.51 mm, broader than width of vagina (Fig. 30E); bursal walls translucent basally with think wrinkles, apical surface shagreened but not wrinkled; gonocoxite 1 with 3-4 apical fringe setae and 6-9 smaller setae on medial surface (Fig. 37A); gonocoxite 2 narrowly subtriangular with subacuminate apex, base extended laterally as a thin extension, 2 lateral ensiform setae, the apical seta slightly broader, apical nematiform setae on medioventral surface at 0.74 × gonocoxite length.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Male (CUIC) labeled: HI: Maui / Haleakala N.P. / Kipahulu west rim ESE / Kuiki sift humus ex ohia 15-V-1993 lot 03 / el. 1850 m // J.K. Liebherr &amp; / A.C. Medeiros / Collectors // HOLOTYPE / Mecyclothorax / antaeus / Liebherr / J.K. Liebherr 2015 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Paratypes .</p><p>39 paratype specimens plus 1 non-type specimen (see Appendix).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Antaeus was a "giant Libyan wrestler whose strength was renewed when he touched the earth (Brown 1956)," an apt epithet for this close relative of Mecyclothorax robustus . The name is treated as a noun.</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax antaeus is a species of the Manawainui Planeze, with known collection localities lining the western rim of Kīpahulu Valley (Fig. 36) at 1200-2145 m elevation. Specimens have been collected in association with ‘ōhi‘a, either from humus around tree bases, or from humus on tree trunks.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7149DFFCB6A1E7EA12E6EF14DD5209CC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
948A44B26BAFC05E4D3ADC9C08F7E15A.text	948A44B26BAFC05E4D3ADC9C08F7E15A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax cymindicus Sharp	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(023) Mecyclothorax cymindicus Sharp Figs 30F, 34M, 37B, 38A, 40</p><p>Mecyclothorax cymindicus Sharp 1903: 248; Britton 1948b: 164.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Along with Mecyclothorax cymindulus, the smallest-bodied beetles in the group (Fig. 38 A–B) excepting the smallest individuals of Mecyclothorax antaeus (Fig. 33D); standardized body length for this species 4.1-4.7 mm. This and Mecyclothorax cymindulus are also the most narrow-bodied species, with subquadrate elytra and subangulate, laterally extended humeri (Figs 38 A–B). This species deviates from Mecyclothorax cymindulus by the distinctly punctate discal elytral striae, the punctures in basal portions of striae 1-5 expanding strial breadth, and by the less transverse microsculpture; The elytral sutural interval is covered with isodiametric microsculpture, with the lateral intervals bearing a transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 3 –4× length, versus the transverse mesh on the sutural interval and transverse lines laterally observed in individuals of Mecyclothorax cymindulus . The eyes also tend to be more convex in this species-ocular ratio = 1.41-1.45-versus the ocular ratio = 1.34-1.43 of Mecyclothorax cymindulus . Setal formula 2 2 2 2.</p><p>Identification</p><p>(n = 5). The pronotum is little transverse, MPW/PL = 1.17-1.22, and the pronotal hind angles are acute and moderately projected, with the pronotal lateral margins slightly convergent anterad the angles; MPW/BPW = 1.36-1.54. The elytral humeral angles are defined by a hitch in the recurved basal groove at its juncture with the lateral marginal depression; MEW/HuW = 1.83-1.95. The vertex is covered with a transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 × length; pronotal disc with transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 3 –4× length, and pronotal base with distinct isodiametric sculpticells medially and a transverse mesh laterally.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 1). Aedeagal median lobe gracile, distance from parameral articulation to tip 3.6 × depth at midlength (Fig. 34M); apex moderately extended beyond ostial opening, apical face flat, tip rounded at juncture of apical face and ventral margin; internal sac with sclerotized dorsal microtrichial patch (based on distal position in uneverted specimen); flagellar plate length 0.47 × parameral articulation-tip distance.</p><p>Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix columnar with rounded apex, length 1.03 mm, breadth 0.29 mm (Fig. 30F); bursal walls translucent, thickly wrinkled; gonocoxite 1 with 4 apical fringe setae and 7 smaller setae on medial surface (Fig. 37B); gonocoxite 2 narrowly subtriangular with broad apex, tip tightly rounded, 2 lateral ensiform setae, the apical seta broader and longer, apical nematiform setae on medioventral surface at 0.77 × gonocoxite length.</p><p>Lectotype.</p><p>Female (BMNH) hereby designated, labeled: Mecyclothorax cymindicus Type D.S. Haleakala Perkins 680 // Type // Hawaiian Is. Perkins 1904-336 // LECTOTYPE Mecyclothorax cymindicus Sharp J.K. Liebherr 1998 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax cymindicus is geographically restricted to the Waikamoi area (Fig. 40), with localities ranging 1210-1740 m elevation. Perkins’ collections were made in the vicinity of Ukukule Camp along the then leeward edge of the Koa- ‘Ōhi‘a Mesic Forest, with more recent records from the Honomanu drainage to the east and Waikamoi Gulch from 1210-1435 m elevation. Specimens have been recorded in association with ‘ōhi‘a trunks, logs, or leaf litter, and Cibotium ( hāpu‘u).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/948A44B26BAFC05E4D3ADC9C08F7E15A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
94975DB64113FC5B6FB8B49F1CF82F9B.text	94975DB64113FC5B6FB8B49F1CF82F9B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax cymindulus	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(024) Mecyclothorax cymindulus sp. n. Figs 34N, 37C, 38B, 39A, 40</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Differing from its most similar species group member Mecyclothorax cymindicus (Fig. 38 A–B) by: 1, pronotal hind angles obtuse due to rounded basal margin posterad angle, the pronotal lateral margin subparallel anterad angle; 2, broad, minutely punctate discal elytral striae over basal half of length; 3, elytra with transverse-mesh microsculpture on the sutural interval, and parallel-lined microsculpture laterally on disc and at apex. If a male is available, the aedeagal median lobe of Mecyclothorax cymindulus has a more flattened apex with a subangulate, ventrally angled tip (Fig. 34N), versus the more rounded apex with ventrally expanded tip of male Mecyclothorax cymindicus (Fig. 34 M). Setal formula 2 2 2 2. Standardized body length 4.1-4.6 mm.</p><p>Description</p><p>(n = 5). Head capsule with frontal grooves straight, a lateral carina to anterior supraorbital seta; dorsal surface of neck flat to slightly concave; ocular lobe moderately extended from gena, eyes not covering posterior portion of lobe, ocular ratio = 1.34-1.41, ocular lobe ratio = 0.70-0.76; labral anterior margin subangulately excavated medially to 0.2 × length; antennae broader in apical half, submoniliform, antennomeres 2-3 with sparse pelage of short setae; mentum tooth with sides acute, apex tightly rounded. Pronotum moderately transverse, MPW/PL = 1.21-1.25, base broad, MPW/BPW = 1.41-1.49; median base depressed relative to disc, covered with irregular punctures and longitudinal wrinkles; basal margin slightly convex between laterobasal depressions; median longitudinal impression shallow, very finely incised at depth; anterior transverse impression very shallow, broad, crossed by fine longitudinal wrinkles; anterior callosity slightly convex, crossed by numerous wrinkles; front angles not projected, rounded; anterior and basal widths subequal, APW/BPW = 0.95-1.04; lateral marginal depression broader, beaded at front angle, evenly expanded along midlength, moderately broad and upturned toward basal angle; laterobasal depression smooth, broad, with or without convex median extension from disc. Proepisternum with 6 punctures along hind marginal groove; prosternal process medially depressed, a broad marginal bead laterally. Elytra with convex disc, sides more sloped; basal groove straight from sutural stria laterally to subangulate humeri; elytral slightly narrowed basally, subquadrate, MEW/HuW = 1.83-1.95; parascutellar seta present; parascutellar striole with 4-5 punctures, continuous between punctures; sutural interval more convex than lateral intervals; sutural and 2nd striae of subequal depth from base to apex; discal striae 1-5 and base of 6 minutely punctate, striae slightly irregular, associated intervals slightly convex; 7th and 8th interval of similar convexity mesad subapical sinuation; 2 dorsal elytral setae at 0. 25 –0.27× and 0.57 –0.59× elytral length, setal impressions extended over 2/3 width of interval 3; apical and subapical setae present; lateral elytral setae arranged as anterior series of 7 setae, posterior series of 6 setae; ely tral marginal depression broadest at humerus, gradually narrowed to a beadlike margin at subapical sinuation; subapical sinuation shallow, abruptly incurved anteriorly. Mesepisternum with ~10 punctures in 2 rows; metepisternal width to length ratio = 0.79; metepisternum/metepimeron suture distinct. Abdomen with irregular lateral wrinkles on ventrites 1-5; suture between ventrites 2 and 3 reduced, effaced laterally; apical male ventrite with 2 marginal setae, apical female ventrite with 4 equally spaced marginal setae and a median trapezoid of 4 subequally short setae. Legs-metatarsomere 1/metatibial length ratio = 0.17; metatarsomere 4 length along outer lobe 1.35 × medial tarsomere length, apical and subapical setae present; metatarsal dorsolateral sulci deep, broad, basal tarsomeres medially carinate. Microsculpture of vertex transverse, sculpticell breadth 2 × length; pronotal disc with transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 3 –4× length; pronotal median base with distinct isodiametric and transverse sculpticells; metasternum with distinct transverse mesh; laterobasal abdominal ventrites with swirling isodiametric and transverse microsculpture. Coloration of vertex rufobrunneous; antennomeres 1-3 flavous, 4-11 rufobrunneous; pronotal disc rufobrunneous, pronotal margins slightly paler; proepipleuron and proepisternum rufoflavous; elytral disc rufobrunneous, metallic reflection present due to microsculpture; sutural interval rufous basally, flavous apically; elytral marginal depression narrowly flavous, apex flavous to juncture of intervals 3 and 4; elytral epipleuron flavous, metepisternum rufoflavous; abdomen with ventrites 1-6 medially rufoflavous, laterally flavous, ventrite 6 with apical half flavous; metafemur flavous; metatibia rufoflavous.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 1). Aedeagal median lobe gracile, distance from parameral articulation to tip 4.0 × depth at midlength (Fig. 34N); apex moderately extended beyond ostial opening, apical face flat, tip distinctly angulate at juncture of apical face and ventral margin; internal sac with lightly sclerotized dorsal microtrichial patch, and ventral face covered with fine spicules; flagellar plate length 0.47 × parameral articulation-tip distance.</p><p>Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix columnar with rounded apex, narrowed along midlength, length 0.93 mm, medial breadth 0.31 mm, basal breadth at vagina 0.43 mm (Fig. 39A); bursal walls translucent with thin wrinkles; gonocoxite 1 with 2-3 apical fringe setae and 6-7 smaller setae on medial surface (Fig. 37C); gonocoxite 2 narrowly subtriangular with broad apex, tip tightly rounded, 1-2 lateral ensiform setae, apical nematiform setae on medioventral surface at 0.76 × gonocoxite length.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Female (BPBM) labeled: Kipahulu Valley / Maui Camp 1 / 945 m, 6-12.VIII.67 // N. Wilson / Collector / BISHOP //? cymindicus (E.C.Z. handwriting) // HOLOTYPE / Mecyclothorax / cymindulus / Liebherr / J.K. Liebherr 2015 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Paratypes.</p><p>HI: Maui: Haleakala N.P., Kipahulu Vy., sift litter, 1500 m el., 09-v-1991 lot 03, Jessel/Medeiros (CUIC, 1), Mauka Ridge, pyrethrin fog Metrosideros /moss, 2055 m el., 21-v-1998 lot 01, Polhemus (NMNH, 1), West Camp, pyrethrin fog Metrosideros /moss, 1960 m el., 20-v-1998 lot 01, Polhemus (CUIC, 1; NMNH, 2).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>This epithet is taken from the Latin noun cymindis, meaning night hawk, modified with the diminutive ending -ule. Beetles of this species are the same size as those of Mecyclothorax cymindicus, but use of the common stem for the epithet is meant to connote the two species’ affinities; a convention used by Perrault (1984, 1986, 1988, 1989) to deal with the rampant Mecyclothorax diversity of Tahiti.</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Beetles of Mecyclothorax cymindulus are recorded only from Kīpahulu Valley, 945-2055 m elevations (Fig. 40). They have been discovered in sifted leaf litter or on mossy ‘ōhi‘a trunks.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/94975DB64113FC5B6FB8B49F1CF82F9B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
C04DE0182A8A30823362012029BB69EC.text	C04DE0182A8A30823362012029BB69EC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax robustus (Blackburn)	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(025) Mecyclothorax robustus (Blackburn) Figs 37D, 38 C–D, 39B, 41, 42</p><p>Cyclothorax robustus Blackburn 1881: 228; Blackburn and Sharp 1885: 215.</p><p>Thriscothorax robustus, Sharp 1903: 268; Swezey 1954: 7 ( koa associate).</p><p>Mecyclothorax robustus, Britton 1948b: 166.</p><p>Mecyclothorax robustus Sharp 1903: 255.</p><p>Mecyclothorax robustus, Britton 1948b: 166 (synonymy).</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>This and Mecyclothorax haydeni represent the two larger bodied species in this group with subquadrate elytra, the discal elytral striae lined with distinct, round punctures (Figs 38 C–E). Of the two species, the discal elytral striae are more distinctly and regularly punctate in Mecyclothorax robustus, though this characteristic is variable. In aggregate, individuals of Mecyclothorax robustus have larger eyes, ocular ratio = 1.48-1.54, that cover most of the ocular lobe, ocular lobe ratio = 0.76-0.84, in contrast to beetles of Mecyclothorax haydeni with ocular ratio = 1.41-1.49, and ocular lobe ratio = 0.70-0.78. Male genitalia are diagnostic, with the aedeagal median lobe of Mecyclothorax robustus males exhibiting an apex with a flattened apical surface and tightly rounded, ventrally directed tip (Fig. 41), versus a median lobe with an evenly downcurved and narrowed apex for Mecyclothorax haydeni (Fig. 43). Setal formula 2 2 2 2. Standardized body length 4.8-6.1 mm.</p><p>Identification</p><p>(n = 5). In keeping with the larger eyes, the posterior portion of the ocular lobe joins the gena at nearly a right angle in this species, with a shallow groove at the juncture of lobe and gena. The pronotal median base is covered with distinct punctures, and longitudinal wrinkles line the juncture with the disc; the anterior transverse impression is deep, narrow, and crossed by deep wrinkles, its posterior surface lined with isodiametric microsculpture. The pronotum is variably transverse, MPW/PL = 1.20-1.28, with variably moderate basal constriction, MPW/BPW = 1.34-1.50. The parascutellar striole is distinctly 5-punctate, and striae 1-6 are distinctly punctate basally, and slightly irregular to smooth apically. The elytral disc is rufobrunneous, often with a purplish reflection due to the transverse-mesh to transverse-line microsculpture covering the intervals.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 36). Aedeagal median lobe gracile, distance from parameral articulation to tip varies 3.5 –4.8× depth at midlength (Fig. 41B, F); apex moderately extended beyond ostial opening, but always with apical face flat and tip rounded at juncture of apical face and ventral margin; median lobe slightly curved rightward in ventral view, the curvature of left margin more exaggerated in more robust aedeagi (e.g., Fig. 41C versus 41H, which is same specimen as 41F); internal sac parallel sided, dorsal and ventral microtrichial patches variably developed (Fig. 41B, E, G); flagellar plate moderately large, length of sclerotized ventral face 0.44 –0.48× parameral articulation-tip distance.</p><p>Female reproductive tract (n = 2). Bursa copulatrix columnar with expanded apex, length 1.25-1.28 mm, breadth 0.48-0.51 mm, basal breadth 0.34 mm in one specimen (Fig. 39B), basal breadth subequal to apical breadth in second specimen; bursal walls translucent with thick wrinkles; gonocoxite 1 with 2-3 apical fringe setae and 7-10 smaller setae on medial surface (Fig. 37D); gonocoxite 2 narrowly subtriangular with subacuminate apex, base narrowly extended laterally, 2 lateral ensiform setae with apical seta broader and longer, apical nematiform setae on medioventral surface at 0.74 × gonocoxite length.</p><p>Types.</p><p>For Cyclothorax robustus Blackburn, holotype female (BMNH) labeled: mounting platen with Blackburn Maui code (Zimmerman 1957: 210), Cyc robustus (on reverse) // Type // Rev. T. Blackburn 1888-30. // HOLOTYPE Cyclothorax robustus Blackburn J.K. Liebherr 1998 (black-margined red label). For Mecyclothorax robustus Sharp, lectotype male (BMNH) labeled: Mecyclothorax robustus D.S. Type Haleakala Perkins 622 // Type // Hawaiian Is. Perkins 1904-336 // LECTOTYPE Mecyclothorax robustus Sharp J.K. Liebherr 1998 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>The distributions of Mecyclothorax robustus and Mecyclothorax haydeni subdivide the windward face of Haleakalā, with this species found from Kuhiwa Valley on the east to the leeward forest edge near Makawao on the west (Fig. 42) at elevations spanning 1137-1830 m. Historical Perkins records can be predominantly assigned to Ukulele Camp (Perkins 1894, 1896a, b). The species is distributed in ‘Ōhi‘a and Koa Forest formations, though most direct associations involve beetles being found in moss on ‘ōhi‘a, and secondarily on hāpu‘u ( Cibotium) or on ‘ōhi‘a nurse logs. This is an abundant species within its habitats. Beetles can be beaten from vegetation at night, or found under boards or logs either during day or at night.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C04DE0182A8A30823362012029BB69EC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
C7030038E53B3F5227B4A3E6022BF59A.text	C7030038E53B3F5227B4A3E6022BF59A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax haydeni	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(026) Mecyclothorax haydeni sp. n. Figs 37E, 38E, 39C, 42, 43</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Larger bodied beetles within the species group, standardized body length = 5.0-6.2 mm, with broad, subquadrate elytra. The discal elytral striae are lined with small though distinct punctures that at most expand strial breadth, or at least introduce irregularities to the strial orientation (Fig. 38E). The eyes are smaller than those observed in Mecyclothorax robustus individuals (see diagnosis above), though the male genitalic configuration is the only certain means to diagnose the two species. The male median lobe of Mecyclothorax haydeni males exhibits an evenly downcurved apex (Fig. 43), though the degree of narrowing toward the tip and extension beyond the ostial opening varies among individuals (Fig. 43B versus 43D). The male aedeagal internal sac is shorter and narrower in males of Mecyclothorax haydeni (Fig. 43B, F, H) than in males of Mecyclothorax robustus (Fig. 41B, E, G). Setal formula 2 2 2 2.</p><p>Description</p><p>(n = 5). Head capsule with frontal grooves broad near clypeus, with broad lateral carina to anterior supraorbital seta; dorsal surface of neck flat to slightly concave; labral anterior margin subangulate, medially excavated 0.1 × length; antennae robustly filiform, antennomeres 2-3 with sparse pelage of short setae; mentum tooth with sides acute, apex tightly rounded. Pronotum slightly transverse, MPW/PL = 1.20-1.24, variably constricted basally, MPW/BPW = 1.37-1.50; hind angle slightly obtuse, basal margin rounded posterad angle, lateral margin slightly divergent anterad hind angle; median base depressed relative to disc, covered with dense punctures and wrinkles, surface strigose; basal margin broadly, moderately convex between laterobasal depressions; median longitudinal impression very shallow, finely incised; anterior transverse impression broad, shallow, crossed by wrinkles and lined by granulate isodiametric microsculpture; anterior callosity slightly elevated, crossed by dense longitudinal wrinkles, strigose; front angles slightly projected, rounded; pronotum broader basally than apically, APW/BPW = 0.90-0.95; lateral marginal depression only slightly broader at front angle, moderately narrow, edge upturned; laterobasal depression broad, smooth, with median tubercle. Proepisternum with 6 indistinct punctures along hind marginal groove; prosternal process medially depressed, with broad lateral marginal bead. Elytra subquadrate, disc convex, sides more sloped; basal groove recurved to subangulate humerus, the angle defined by hitch in groove at juncture with lateral marginal depression, MEW/HuW = 1.81-2.08; parascutellar seta present; parascutellar striole continuous, with 5 small punctures or irregularities along length; sutural interval more convex than lateral intervals, sutural juncture upraised; sutural and 2nd striae of subequal depth from base to apex; discal striae minutely punctured in basal 1/3, smooth and deep apically, associated intervals convex; 7th and 8th intervals of similar convexity mesad subapical sinuation; 2 dorsal elytral setae at 0.31 × and 0.63 × elytral length, setal impressions small, extended over ½ width of interval 3; apical and subapical setae present; lateral elytral setae arranged as anterior series of 7 setae and posterior series of 6 setae; elytral marginal depression moderately narrow throughout length, flat bottomed until subapical sinuation; subapical sinuation evident, moderately deep. Mesepisternum with ~ 14 punctures in two rows; metepisternal width to length ratio = 0.79; metepisternum/metepimeron suture distinct. Abdomen with irregular lateral wrinkles on ventrites 1-5; suture between ventrites 2 and 3 complete; apical male ventrite with 2 marginal setae, and apical female ventrite with 4 equally spaced setae and a median trapezoid of 4 subequal, short setae. Legs-metatarsomere 1/metatibial length ratio = 0.19; metatarsomere 4 length along outer lobe 1.4 × medial tarsomere length, apical and subapical setae present; metatarsal dorsolateral sulci deep, broad, median area medially strigose. Microsculpture of vertex an isodiametric mesh; pronotal disc with transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 –3× length; pronotal median base with distinct to granulate isodiametric mesh; elytral disc and apex with transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 3 × length, to transverse lines unconnected into a mesh, the apex with more transverse lines; metasternum with distinct transverse mesh; laterobasal abdominal ventrites swirling isodiametric and transverse microsculpture. Coloration of vertex rufobrunneous; antennomere 1 flavous, 2-3 rufoflavous, 4-11 rufobrunneous; pronotal disc rufobrunneous, margins and apex slightly paler, base concolorous; proepipleuron rufoflavous, proepisternum rufobrunneous; elytral disc rufobrunneous; sutural interval rufous basally, rufoflavous apically; elytral marginal depression slightly paler, elytral apex concolorous with disc; elytral epipleuron rufoflavous, metepisternum rufobrunneous; abdomen with ventrites 1-6 medially rufobrunneous, laterally rufoflavous; apical abdominal ventrite 6 with apical half paler, flavous; metafemur flavous; metatibia rufoflavous.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 26). Aedeagal median lobe slender, elongate, distance from parameral articulation to tip 4.1 –5.5× depth at midlength (Fig. 43E, H), but apical extension always smoothly curved relative to median lobe shaft, the apex evenly narrowed to a rounded tip; median lobe broadly curved rightward, the apex blunt in ventral view (Fig. 43C, G); internal sac of variable length (Fig. 43B, F, H), with consistent presence of two ventral microtrichial patches-basal and apical as in Mecyclothorax antaeus (Fig. 34J)-the apical patch of variable size; flagellar plate relatively small, length of sclerotized ventral face 0.33 –0.36× parameral articulation-tip distance.</p><p>Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix columnar with narrow, rounded apex, length 1.17 mm, apical breadth 0.31 mm, basal breadth 0.47 mm subequal to vagina breadth (Fig. 39C); bursal walls translucent with thin wrinkles basally, apical surface shagreened but not wrinkled; gonocoxite 1 with 2-4 apical fringe setae, a moderately sized seta just basad medioapical angle and 7-8 small setae on medial surface (Fig. 37E); gonocoxite 2 narrowly subtriangular with broad apex and tightly rounded tip, 2 lateral ensiform setae, apical nematiform setae on medioventral surface at 0.78 × gonocoxite length.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Female (BPBM) labeled: Kipahulu Valley / Maui Camp 2 / 1250 m, 13-17.VIII.67 // N. Wilson / Collector / BISHOP //? cognatus (E.C.Z. handwriting) // HOLOTYPE / Mecyclothorax / haydeni / Liebherr / J.K. Liebherr 2015 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Paratypes.</p><p>176 specimens (see Appendix).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>This species is named to honor the contributions of Dr. James E. Hayden, Jr. to this project, wherein he dissected numerous male specimens of Hawaiian Mecyclothorax in order to delineate species boundaries.</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax haydeni occupies ‘Ōhi‘a Forest formations from 1127-2145 m elevation on the wetter, eastern end of the Haleakalā windward forest (Fig. 42). Beetles may be found in leaf litter via sifting, or they may be observed actively running on tree trunks and ferns at night. To date, equivalent samples derived from leaf litter sampling or pyrethrin fogging at 1500-1960 m in Kīpahulu Valley include many more individuals of this species than do samples from 1200 m elevation.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C7030038E53B3F5227B4A3E6022BF59A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
B00EC2B0ECCA1FD2334AAB1155859128.text	B00EC2B0ECCA1FD2334AAB1155859128.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax integer Sharp	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(027) Mecyclothorax integer Sharp stat. n. Figs 44A, 45A, 48</p><p>Mecyclothorax interruptus var. integer Sharp 1903: 252; Britton 1948b: 163.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>This is the broadest-bodied species in the Haleakalā Mecyclothorax fauna, exhibiting a large prothorax and broadly subquadrate elytra, MEW/MPW = 1.30-1.32 (Fig. 44A). The pronotal lateral margins are only slightly sinuate anterad the obtuse-rounded hind angles; and the linear laterobasal depression is separated from the pronotal lateral margin by a broad tubercle. The elytral striae are nearly regular, though striae 2 and 3 may approach unilaterally. The dorsal elytral setal impressions are foveate anteriorly, crossing interval 3 at the anterior seta, and smaller posteriorly, impressing half the interval width at the posterior seta. The dorsal body coloration is uniformly rufobrunneous, with the legs paler, rufoflavous. Setal formula 2 2 2 2. Standardized body length 5.2-5.3 mm.</p><p>Identification</p><p>(n = 3). The eyes are moderately convex, ocular ratio = 1.43-1.46, but cover much of the ocular lobe, ocular lobe ratio = 0.80-0.84. The pronotum is large, MPW/PL = 1.28-1.31, and modestly constricted basally, MPW/BPW = 1.36-1.40. The elytral disc is flat medially, sides moderately sloped, and the subangulate humeri are defined by juncture of the slightly recurved basal groove and lateral marginal depression. The discal elytral intervals, including the sutural interval, are moderately convex. The vertex is covered with isodiametric microsculpture, the sculpticells transversely stretched on the neck, pronotal disc with distinct transverse mesh, the base glossy in parts with an elongate transverse mesh; elytral disc covered with elongate transverse mesh, a loose transverse mesh and parallel lines on the elytral apex; metasternum covered with an obsolete transverse mesh.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 1). Aedeagal median lobe slender, distance from parameral articulation to tip 5.6 × depth at midlength; shaft slightly curved basally, straight to slightly recurved apically, the apex broadly rounded with blunt dorsal projection (Fig. 45A); internal sac without evident ornamentation.</p><p>Lectotype.</p><p>Male (BPBM) hereby designated, dissected and labeled: 622 (on reverse of mounting platen) // Haleakala / Maui 6000 ft. / Perkins V 1896 // Mecyclothorax interruptus / var. integer Sharp / [number OK but date / on label possibly wrong → as Oct. 1896 in orig. / description / SYNTYPE / G/A. Samuelson det. 196 // LECTOTYPE ♂ / Mecyclothorax / interruptus var. / integer Sharp / J.K. Liebherr 2011 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Paralectotype.</p><p>Female (BPBM) labeled: Mecyclothorax interruptus / var. integer / Haleakala / Perkins (on obverse of mounting platen), 680. (on reverse of mounting platen) // Hawaiian Is. / R.C.L. Perkins // Sharp Coll / 1905-313. // PARALECTOTYPE ♀ / (same labelling as Lectotype).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Mecyclothorax integer is known only from the lectotype and paralectotype collected by Perkins in his lots 622 and 680; "Haleakala 4000 ft., v-1896", and "Haleakala 4000+ ft., x-1896" (Anonymous N D), respectively (Fig. 48). Of the October visit, Perkins (1896b) wrote: "In October 1896 I camped for a considerable time at about 5,000 ft. on Haleakala and did a good deal of work at various points Eastward in the windward forest entering this at various points from the upper edge towards the forest that lies above Wailua (p. 1)." This locality would lie about 200 ft. elevation below the Ukulele Camp (site) of the USGS (1983) Kilohana, Hawaii quadrangle. Recent collections near this site did not result in rediscovery of this species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B00EC2B0ECCA1FD2334AAB1155859128	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
D3B946421709CE2054582994FAD96E19.text	D3B946421709CE2054582994FAD96E19.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax bradycelloides	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(028) Mecyclothorax bradycelloides sp. n. Figs 44B, 45 B–C, 48</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>This species (Fig. 44B), Mecyclothorax anthracinus (Fig. 44E), and Mecyclothorax inconscriptus (Fig. 50A) represent the three smallest-bodied species in this group, with all individuals equal to or less than 4.1 mm length. Of these, Mecyclothorax bradycelloides is the only species without fused elytral striae, though the impressions of the dorsal elytral setae are large, crossing most of the width of interval 3. The pronotum is also the most constricted basally, with MPW/BPW = 1.56 versus a collective span of 1.42-1.53 for the other two species. The elytral margins are straight and nearly parallel at elytral midlength, though the tightly rounded humeral angles are narrowly separated relative to elytral width due to the broadly rounded elytral margins laterad the angles; MEW/HuW = 2.0. Setal formula 2 2 2 2. Standardized body length 4.1 mm.</p><p>Description</p><p>(n = 1). Head capsule with frontal grooves deep and broad near clypeus, narrowed toward anterior supraorbital seta; dorsal surface of neck slightly convex; ocular ratio = 1.49, ocular lobe ratio = 0.81; antennae filiform, antennomere 3 with sparse pelage of short setae; mentum tooth with sides acute, apex tightly rounded. Pronotum cordate, hind angle obtuse, rounded behind; lateral margin sinuate for short distance anterad hind angle; median base covered with punctures and wrinkles isolated by granulate microsculpture; basal margin nearly straight, slightly convex medially; median longitudinal impression shallow, finely incised; anterior transverse impression deeply incised, complete, crossed by longitudinal wrinkles; anterior callosity broadly, slightly convex; front angles projected, tightly rounded, APW/BPW = 1.07; lateral marginal depression narrow, edge upturned to beaded; laterobasal depression broad, irregular, slightly convex medially. Proepisternum with smooth hind marginal groove; prosternal process medially depressed, with lateral marginal bead. Elytra subquadrate, disc slightly convex; parascutellar seta present on left side, absent on right; parascutellar striole shallow with 6 punctures; sutural interval moderately convex, appearing broader than intervals 2-4 due to elevated juncture at suture; sutural and 2nd striae of subequal depth from base to apex; discal striae with small punctures that cause strial irregularities along length, intervals convex; 7th and 8th intervals of similar convexity mesad subapical sinuation; 2 dorsal elytral setae at 0.23 –0.27× and 0.60 –0.63× elytral length; apical and subapical setae present; lateral elytral setae arranged as anterior series of 7 setae, and posterior series of 4-5 setae; elytral marginal depression moderately broad, lined with sculpticells, margin upturned; subapical sinuation very shallow, broad. Mesepisternum with ~9 shallow punctures in 1-2 rows; metepisternal width to length ratio = 0.81; metepisternum/metepimeron suture distinct. Abdomen with nearly smooth ventrites; suture between ventrites 2 and 3 complete; apical male ventrite with 2 marginal setae. Legs-metatarsomere 1/metatibial length ratio = 0.17; metatarsomere 4 length along outer lobe 1.2 × medial tarsomere length, apical and subapical setae present; metatarsal dorsolateral sulci broad, deep, median area carinate. Microsculpture of vertex isodiametric sculpticells arranged in transverse rows; pronotal disc with transverse mesh, the microsculpture parallel in part; pronotal median base with granulate isodiametric sculpticells; elytral disc with irregular elongate transverse mesh and parallel lines; elytral apex with upraised transverse mesh; metasternum with indistinct transverse mesh; laterobasal abdominal ventrites with indistinct transverse mesh. Coloration of vertex rufobrunneous; antennomeres 1-3 flavous, 4-11 rufobrunneous; pronotal disc rufobrunneous, margins narrowly paler, rufoflavous; proepipleuron flavous, proepisternum brunneous; elytral disc rufobrunneous, sutural interval concolorous basally, rufoflavous apically, margins narrowly rufoflavous in lateral depression, apex broadly flavous; elytral epipleuron flavous with rufous cast, metepisternum rufobrunneous; abdominal ventrites 1-5 rufobrunneous, 6 basally rufoflavous, flavous in apical half; metafemur flavous; metatibia flavous with brunneous cast.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 1). Aedeagal median lobe robust, distance from parameral articulation to tip 3 × depth at midlength (Fig. 45B); apex narrowly extended twice its depth beyond ostial opening, tip subangulate where flattened apical face and ventral margin meet; median lobe straight in ventral view, the left margin distinctly incurved to meet blunt tip (Fig. 45C); internal sac with well-developed, heavily sclerotized dorsal ostial microtrichial patch (based on position near apex of ostium (Fig. 45B), and separate ventral ostial microtrichial patch (Fig. 45C); flagellar plate well sclerotized, visible just inside dorsal margin of lobe (Fig. 45B).</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Male (NMNH) dissected and labeled: HI:Maui Haleakala / Waikamoi N.C.P. Ukulele / Pipeline 7-V-1998 lot07 / 1465-1495m el. / pyrethrum fog mossy ohia / log D.A. Polhemus // HOLOTYPE / Mecyclothorax / bradycelloides / Liebherr / det. J.K. Liebherr 2015 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The adjectival epithet bradycelloides is based on Moloka‘i’s Mecyclothorax bradycellinus Sharp, with the -oides suffix signifying the similarity between the two species.</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>The type locality for Mecyclothorax bradycelloides lies at ~1500 m elevation near Ukulele Camp (Site) of the USGS (1983) Kilohana, Hawaii quadrangle (Fig. 48). This species was found in a pyrethrin fog sample of a mossy ‘ōhi‘a log.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D3B946421709CE2054582994FAD96E19	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
12C6BFC617113F90347CDBBC4EB5F435.text	12C6BFC617113F90347CDBBC4EB5F435.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax irregularis Britton	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(029) Mecyclothorax irregularis Britton Figs 44 C–D, 45 D–E, 46A, 47A, 48</p><p>Cyclothorax multipunctatus , Blackburn 1878a: 122 (misidentification).</p><p>Mecyclothorax irregularis Britton 1948b: 161; Liebherr 2005b, 122.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The irregularly anastomosed elytral striae 2-6, combined with the bicolored dorsal surface-piceous head, testaceous pronotum, plus testaceous elytral convexities versus piceous striae (Fig. 44C)-uniquely diagnose this species within the Hawaiian Mecyclothorax fauna. The ventral body coloration is equally distinctive, with the piceous genae, thoracic ventrites, metacoxae, and mediobasal portions of the basal abdominal ventrites distinctly contrasted to the pale mentum and gula, pronotal and elytral epipleura, and abdominal apex (Fig. 44D). Setal formula 2 2 2 2. Standardized body length 4.7-5.2 mm.</p><p>Identification</p><p>(n = 5). The head is broader relative to the hindbody in this species, MEW/MHW = 1.78-1.90, than in any other species of the group. The broad head is based on a broad head capsule as the eyes are small, ocular lobe ratio = 0.70-0.81, and not very convex, ocular ratio = 1.30-1.39. The pronotal median base is smooth, with the small punctures isolated by areas of granulate isodiametric microsculpture. The laterobasal pronotal depressions are also smooth, shallow, with a broad median tubercle. Microsculpture across the body is well developed, with: 1, vertex, and pronotal disc and base with granulate isodiametric sculpticells, the surface appearing dull; 2, elytral disc and apex with isodiametric sculpticells; 3, metasternum covered with an upraised transverse mesh; and 4, basal abdominal ventrites with lateral areas covered with swirling isodiametric and transverse sculpticells.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 1). Aedeagal median lobe slender, distance from parameral articulation to tip 4.8 × depth at midlength (Fig. 45D); shaft curved basally, nearly straight apically, apex slightly expanded dorsoventrally with rounded tip; median lobe straight in ventral view, left margin distinct incurved to blunt apex, right margin angled leftward to tip (Fig. 45E); internal sac without distinct ornamentation, but surface covered with melanic spicules, short flagellar plate evident in repose, length 0.24 × parameral articulation-tip distance.</p><p>Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix columnar with rounded apex, length 0.68 mm, breadth 0.23 mm (Fig. 46A); bursal walls translucent, densely wrinkled; gonocoxite 1 with 3 apical fringe setae, and 6-7 smaller setae on medial surface (Fig. 47A); gonocoxite 2 subtriangular, apex acuminate, base evenly extended laterally from lateral margin, 2 lateral ensiform setae with the apical seta longer and broader, apical nematiform setae on medial surface at 0.73 × gonocoxite length.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Female (BMNH) labeled: mounting platen with Blackburn Maui code (Zimmerman 1957: 210), multip (on reverse) // Type // Hawaiian Is. Rev. T. Blackburn 1883-30 // Cyclothorax irregularis sp. n. E.B. Britton det. 1939.</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>This species was described by Britton (1948b) from a single Blackburn specimen originally considered by Blackburn to represent Mecyclothorax multipunctatus . The type locality for Mecyclothorax multipunctatus was listed as "Haleakala, 4000 ft."; i.e. near Olinda. The only modern records derive from the ecologically disjunct forest near Polipoli Springs on Haleakalā’s southwest rift (Fig. 48). Microhabitats at Polipoli where this species has been collected include Dryopteris wallichiana (laukahi) fern litter, deep leaf litter at the bottom of a small rocky face, and the mossy surface of a small, downed Pinus radiata trunk lying in deep leaf litter at the bottom of a shallow ravine.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/12C6BFC617113F90347CDBBC4EB5F435	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
38D92CD0438683BAFE7889960297E4A5.text	38D92CD0438683BAFE7889960297E4A5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax anthracinus	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(030) Mecyclothorax anthracinus sp. n. Figs 44E, 45 F–G, 46B, 47B, 48</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The small, dark-bodied beetles that comprise this species look ever so like small bits of anthracite coal, their dorsal body surface a reflective black (Fig. 44E). Also, this is the only species in the group that is characterized by absence of the parascutellar seta. The pronotum is narrow and basally constricted, MPW/PL = 1.18-1.24, MPW/BPW = 1.42-1.50, the disc covered with well-developed transverse wrinkles. The elytral intervals are convex and striation irregular, with striae 5 and 6 fused near the basal groove, and the dorsal setal impressions foveate and of diameter equal to the width of interval 3, these impressions associated with longitudinal irregularities of striae 2 and 3. The femora are flavous apically and covered with a piceous cast over their basal third; tibiae piceous. Setal formula 2 2 2 2. Standardized body length 3.6-4.0.</p><p>Description</p><p>(n = 5). Head capsule with frontal grooves deep near clypeus, straight with external carina to anterior supraorbital seta; dorsal surface of neck convex, eyes moderately convex, ocular ratio = 1.42-1.50, ocular lobe ratio 0.77-0.85; labral anterior margin broadly, shallowly emarginate, antennae filiform, antennomere 3 with sparse pelage of short setae; mentum tooth with orthogonal sides, apex pointed. Pronotum with lateral margin subparallel to convergent anterad right to acute hind angle; median base depressed relative to disc, covered with rugose wrinkles; basal margin nearly straight, slightly convex medially; median longitudinal impression shallow, finely incised, crossed by wrinkles; anterior transverse impression broad, evident, bordered anteriorly by slightly convex anterior callosity that is crossed by fine wrinkles; front angles slightly projected, rounded; anterior width subequal to broader than basal width, APW/BPW = 1.00-1.06; lateral marginal depression moderately narrow, edge upturned to beaded; laterobasal depression broad, depressed with wrinkled surface. Proepisternum with 6 minute punctures along hind marginal groove; prosternal process medially depressed, without marginal bead. Elytra subellipsoid, disc flat, sides moderately sloped; basal groove slightly recurved to tightly rounded humeral angle; humeri narrow, MEW/HuW = 2.06-2.10; parascutellar striole finely incised, continuous; sutural interval moderately convex, slightly more upraised than intervals 2-4; sutural and 2nd striae of subequal depth from base to apex; discal striae 1-8 complete and deep to apex, smooth with minute irregularities along striae suggesting punctulae; 7th and 8th intervals of similar convexity mesad subapical sinuation; 2 dorsal elytral setae at 0.32 × and 0.65 –0.73× elytral length; apical and subapical setae present; lateral elytral setae arranged in anterior series of 7 setae and posterior series of 4(5) setae; elytral marginal depression narrow, edge upturned; subapical sinuation very shallow, nearly obsolete. Mesepisternum with 8 shallow punctures in 2 rows; metepisternal width to length ratio = 0.71; metepisternum/metepimeron suture distinct, metathoracic flight wing an ovoid flap, length 2.5 × breadth, with reduced R and M veins, the flap extended 2/3 distance to hind margin of metanotum. Abdomen with indistinct lateral wrinkles on ventrites 1-3; suture between ventrites 2 and 3 complete; apical male ventrite with 2 marginal setae, apical female ventrite with 4 equally spaced marginal setae and a median trapezoid of 4, subequal short setae. Legs-metatarsomere 1/metatibial length ratio = 0.17; metatarsomere 4 length along outer lobe 1.2 × medial tarsomere length, apical and subapical setae present; metatarsal dorsolateral sulci broad, shallow. Microsculpture of vertex of granulate isodiametric sculpticells; pronotal disc covered with distinct transverse mesh, median base with granulate isodiametric sculpticells; elytral disc covered with well-developed transverse mesh, apex with well-developed isodiametric mesh in transverse rows; metasternum with upraised transverse mesh; laterobasal abdominal ventrites with swirling isodiametric and transverse microsculpture. Coloration of vertex granulate rufopiceous; antennomere 1 flavous, antennomeres 2-3 with piceous cast, 4-11 piceous; pronotal disc granulate rufopiceous, margins narrowly paler, rufobrunneous; proepipleuron rufobrunneous with piceous upper margin, proepisternum rufobrunneous with piceous cast; elytral disc rufopiceous, sutural interval paler, dark rufous throughout, margins narrowly paler basally, concolorous with disc apically; elytral epipleuron rufobrunneous, metepisternum rufopiceous; abdomen rufopiceous across width of ventrites 1-5, apical ventrite 6 with apical 1/3 paler, rufobrunneous.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 1). Aedeagal median lobe curved, gracile, distance from parameral articulation to tip 4 × depth at midlength (Fig. 45F); apex angularly narrowed to tightly rounded tip formed at juncture of flat apical face and ventral margin; median lobe sinuously recurved left then right in ventral view (Fig. 45G), tip tightly rounded; internal sac with apparent dorsal ostial microtrichial patch (based on uneverted specimen; Fig. 45F), sac surface covered with microspicules; flagellar plate evident just inside dorsal margin of median lobe.</p><p>Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix a narrow digitiform lobe attached to broader vagina, lobe length 0.26 mm, lobe apical breadth 0.10 mm, vagina breadth 0.25 mm (Fig. 46B); bursal walls thin, transparent; gonocoxite 1 with 3 apical fringe setae and 5-6 smaller setae on medial surface (Fig. 47B); gonocoxite 2 falcate, narrow apically with base broadly extended laterally, 2 lateral ensiform setae with apical seta broader and longer, apical nematiform setae on medial surface at 0.75 × gonocoxite length.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Female (BPBM) labeled: NW 6000'-6500', / Haleakala / VIII-18-37 Maui // Beating // ECZimmerman / Collector // 3 // HOLOTYPE / Mecyclothorax / anthracinus / Liebherr / det. J.K. Liebherr 2015 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Paratypes.</p><p>HI: Maui: Haleakala N.P., NW upper slope, beating 1830-1980 m el., 18-viii-1937, Zimmerman (BPBM, 2); Koolau For. Res., Hanawi N.A.R., Frisbee Meadow Camp, woods below, sift litter Dubautia /tree, 2072-2099 m el., 19-v-1993 lot 01, Liebherr/Medeiros (CUIC, 6).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The shiny coal black color of the dorsal surface of these beetles begs for use of the Latin adjective anthracinus .</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax anthracinus is known from two isolated, high-elevation localities near the upper limits of the windward forest. E.C. Zimmerman beat three specimens from vegetation at 1830-1980 m elevation along the NW upper slope, and six specimens were taken from leaf litter samples of Dubautia reticulata litter at "Frisbee Meadow Camp" in the headwaters of Hanawī Stream to the east (Fig. 48). Whether the unusual coal-black color and ridged dorsal body surface of Mecyclothorax anthracinus beetles serve to enhance crypsis on the dark, fissured bark of the tree Dubautia seems a question worthy of study.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/38D92CD0438683BAFE7889960297E4A5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
87A27FED88931FEB9391480A777FD7E1.text	87A27FED88931FEB9391480A777FD7E1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax arthuri	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(031) Mecyclothorax arthuri sp. n. Figs 45 H–J, 46C, 47C, 49 A–B, 51</p><p>Diagnosis .</p><p>This species can be diagnosed by the narrow pronotum relative to the elytra, MEW/MPW = 1.64-1.67, and the irregularly anastomosing striae 2-7, resulting in massive convex warts that may or may not be bilaterally symmetrical (Fig. 49 A–B). These characters set this species apart from all others from Haleakalā except Mecyclothorax medeirosi below. That species differs by a relatively broader pronotum (Fig. 49C); MEW/MPW = 1.47. A third species, Mecyclothorax oppenheimeri Liebherr from West Maui, shares the warty elytral condition of Mecyclothorax arthuri and Mecyclothorax medeirosi while exhibiting a pronotum of relative width intermediate to that of those two species; i.e. MEW/MPW = 1.52-1.57 (Liebherr 2011, fig. 36). Setal formula: 2 1 2 0(1-2)[sae]. The variation in the apical elytral setae is distributed as: 5 individuals with both setae absent; 1 individual with apical seta absent and subapical setae present; and 1 individual with both apical and subapical setae present. Standardized body length 4.0-4.4 mm.</p><p>Description</p><p>(n = 5). Head capsule with frontal grooves deep near clypeus, straight, with external carina; dorsal surface of neck flat to convex; eyes moderately convex, ocular ratio = 1.43-1.47, covering ¾ of slightly protruded ocular lobe, ocular lobe ratio = 0.72-0.80; labral anterior margin broadly, moderately deeply emarginate; antennae filiform, antennomeres 2-3 with sparse pelage of short setae; mentum tooth with sides acute, apex rounded. Pronotum bisetose, lateral seta present, basal seta absent, basally constricted, MPW/BPW = 1.46-1.53; hind angle acute, apex acuminate, lateral margin broadly convergent anterad angle; median base depressed relative to disc, with sparsely distributed punctures near basal margin, longitudinal wrinkles at juncture with disc; basal margin straight between laterobasal depressions; median longitudinal impression shallow, indistinct, to deep, distinct, always crossed by transverse wrinkles emanating onto disc; anterior transverse impression deeply incised, complete, short wrinkles extended from impression posteriorly onto disc; anterior callosity broadly convex, smooth; front angles slightly produced, tightly rounded; width between front angles greater than basal width, APW/BPW = 1.01-1.08; lateral marginal depression narrow, edge beaded; laterobasal depression broad, a depressed expansion of lateral depression. Proepisternum with 6 minute punctures along hind marginal groove; prosternal process medially depressed, with broad marginal bead. Elytra broadly subquadrate, lateral margins convex from humerus to subapical sinuation; basal groove incrementally recurved, bordering 4 basal convexities mesad tightly rounded to subangulate humeral angle; humeri narrow relative to broadest portion of elytra behind midlength; MEW/HuW = 2.07-2.16; parascutellar seta present; parascutellar striole narrow, deep, directly connected to isolated basal portion of sutural stria; sutural interval as convex as interval 2, though less convex than warty protuberances associated with intervals 3-7; discal striae lined with sculpticells, smooth; sutural and 2nd striae of subequal depth in apical half of elytra; discal striae 2-6 joined irregularly at positions of dorsal elytral setae, larger convexities associated with striae 2-4, smaller more irregular convexities laterad; warty convexities vary among individuals, as well as bilaterally (Fig. 49 A–B); 7th and 8th interval of similar convexity mesad subapical sinuation; 2 dorsal elytral setae at 0.31 × and 0.69 × elytral length, setal impressions very small, shallow, not distinctly associated with a depressed stria; lateral elytral setae arranged in anterior series of 5 setae, an isolated intermediate seta, and 4 posterior setae; elytral marginal depression broad laterally, narrow behind; subapical sinuation shallow, broad. Mesepisternum with 8 shallow punctures in 2 rows; metepisternal width to length ratio = 0.72; metepisternum/metepimeron suture distinct; metathoracic flight wing an ovoid flap 3.3 × long as broad, remnant R and M veins present, flap extended to hind margin of metanotum. Abdomen with indistinct lateral wrinkles on ventrites 1-3; suture between ventrites 2 and 3 complete; apical male ventrite with 2 marginal setae, apical female ventrite with 4 equally spaced marginal setae and median trapezoid of 4 subequal, short setae. Legs-metatarsomere 1/metatibial length ratio 0.20; metatarsomere 4 length along outer lobe 1.2 × medial tarsomere length, apical and subapical setae present; metatarsal dorsolateral sulci broad, shallow. Microsculpture of vertex a granulate isodiametric mesh; pronotal disc with shallow transverse mesh median base with isodiametric sculpticells and glossy portions; elytral disc and apex with very shallow isodiametric sculpticells in transverse rows; metasternum with distinct transverse mesh; laterobasal abdominal ventrites with swirling isodiametric and transverse microsculpture. Coloration of vertex rufobrunneous with piceous cast; antennomere 1 rufoflavous, antennomeres 2-11 rufopiceous; pronotal disc rufobrunneous, pronotal margins broadly paler, rufoflavous; proepipleuron flavous, proepisternum rufous; elytral disc rufobrunneous, sutural interval concolorous basally, rufous apically; elytral marginal depression narrowly rufoflavous, apex concolorous with disc; elytral epipleuron rufoflavous, metepisternum rufous; abdomen rufobrunneous mediobasally, all ventrites flavous laterally, the apical ventrite with apex broadly flavous; metafemur flavous with piceous basal cloud; metatibia rufobrunneous, piceous cast medially.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 1). Aedeagal median lobe slender, distance from parameral articulation to tip 5.1 × depth at midlength (Fig. 45H); apex extended 4 × its depth beyond ostial opening, gradually narrowed to narrowly rounded tip; median lobe constricted laterally toward apex in ventral view, right margin distinctly concave, left margin more gradually narrowed, tip blunt (Fig. 45J); internal sac with bulbous ventral lobe near midlength, apex broadly rounded with small sclerotized flagellar plate visible along dorsal surface of apical lobe (Fig. 45 H–I), sac surface uniformly covered with microspicules.</p><p>Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix very short, broad, little extended from broad vaginal base, length 0.23 m, breadth 0.40 mm (Fig. 46C); bursal walls translucent, thinly wrinkled; gonocoxite 1 with 3-4 apical fringe setae in oblique series, 4-6 smaller setae on medial surface (Fig. 47C); gonocoxite 2 subtriangular, apex evenly narrowed, base broadly extended laterally, 2 narrow lateral ensiform setae and broad dorsal ensiform seta with rounded apex, apical nematiform setae on medioventral surface at 0.75 × gonocoxite length.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Male (CUIC) dissected and labeled: HI: Maui Haleakala N.P. / Kuiki, below at 2134 m / N20°42.23', W156°08.00', / 16-V-2001 lot 02 sift / litter under ohia lehua / J.K. Liebherr // HOLOTYPE / Mecyclothorax / arthuri / Liebherr / det. J.K. Liebherr 2015 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Paratypes .</p><p>HI: Maui: Haleakala N.P., Haleakala Crater, Paliku, 2134 m el., 23-vi-1975, Burkhart (BPBM, 1), Kipahulu Vy., sift litter by day, 2100 m el., 07-v-1991 lot 05, Jessel/Medeiros (CUIC, 3), Kuiki, below, sift Metrosideros litter, 2145 m el., 16-v-2001 lot 02, Liebherr (CUIC, 2).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Patronyms used in this revision honor the contributions of colleagues to the work in hand. The immense contributions of Dr. Arthur Medeiros in teaching the author how to conduct operative science in the Hawaiian rainforest made this entire work possible. Thus this is the first of two patronyms to honor him.</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>The known distribution of Mecyclothorax arthuri straddles the head of Kīpahulu Valley, including Paliku in the eastern end of Haleakalā Crater, Kuiki high along the southwest valley rim, and the upper Kīpahulu Camp sampled by Medeiros and Jessel, 2100 m elevation (Fig. 51). Specimens have been collected by sifting leaf litter.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/87A27FED88931FEB9391480A777FD7E1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
5EA7889D8CF66FA926A835EAD3DF26A6.text	5EA7889D8CF66FA926A835EAD3DF26A6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax medeirosi	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(032) Mecyclothorax medeirosi sp. n. Figs 49 C–D, 51</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Like Mecyclothorax arthuri in exhibiting tortuously anastomosed elytral striae, though in this species all striae from the sutural to 7th stria are involved (Fig. 49C). This species also differs in the relatively broader pronotum; MEW/MPW = 1.47 versus a ratio of 1.64-1.67 for the former species. The pronotum itself is broader, more transverse, MPW/PL = 1.38, versus MPW/PL = 1.21-1.26 in Mecyclothorax arthuri . The elytra are also broader basally in this species, with the lateral elytral margins rounded more broadly laterad the angulate humeri (Fig. 49C) than observed in individuals of Mecyclothorax arthuri (Fig. 49 A–B); MEW/HuW = 1.98 versus values of 2.07-2.16 for the other species. Finally, elytral setation differs between the species, with Mecyclothorax medeirosi characterized by three dorsal elytral setae and presence of both apical and subapical setae, producing a setal formula of 2 1 3 2. Standardized body length 4.35 mm.</p><p>Description</p><p>(n = 1). Head capsule with frontal grooves sinuous, broad near clypeus and with lateral carina posteriorly; dorsal surface of neck slightly concave; eyes convex, ocular lobe protruded from gena, ocular ratio = 1.48, ocular lobe ratio = 0.75-0.79; labral anterior margin broadly, moderately emarginate, antennae filiform, antennomeres 2-3 with sparse pelage of short setae; mentum tooth with sides acute, apex rounded. Pronotum bisetose, hind angles glabrous; base moderately constricted, MPW/BPW = 1.51; hind angle right to obtuse with rounded apex, lateral margin subparallel to slightly divergent anterad angle; median base smooth medially, 5-6 punctures mesad laterobasal depressions; basal margin slightly convex medially; median longitudinal impression deep, broad, medially incised, crossed by transverse wrinkles; anterior transverse impression deeply incised, complete, slightly irregular; anterior callosity broadly convex, crossed by many fine wrinkles; front angles slightly projected, tightly rounded; apical and basal widths subequal, APW/BPW = 1.02; lat eral marginal depression moderate, edge upturned to beaded; laterobasal depression broad, flat to slightly upraised by low tubercle. Proepisternum with 5 minute punctures along hind marginal groove; prosternal process medially depressed, with narrow marginal bead. Elytra broadly subquadrate, disc moderately convex along entire length; basal groove distinctly recurved to subangulate humeral angle; parascutellar seta present; parascutellar striole narrow, deep, isolated from sutural stria; sutural and 2nd striae of subequal depth from base to apex; adjacent striae from the sutural stria to stria 7 confusedly fused, producing numerous, approximately symmetrical wartlike protuberances, all intervals convex, the warts incorporating portions of more than one interval; discal striae smooth, lined with sculpticells only; 7th and 8th interval of similar convexity mesad subapical sinuation; 3 dorsal elytral setae at 0.29 ×, 0.51 ×, and 0.64 × elytral length, setal impressions very small, shallow, but associated with depressed discal strial fusions; apical and subapical setae present; lateral elytral setae arranged as anterior series of 7 setae and a posterior series of 5-6 setae, with an isolated intermediate seta present on left side; elytral marginal depression broad along anterior setal series, moderate at midlength, narrower behind; subapical sinuation shallow, broad. Mesepisternum with ~9 shallow punctures in 1-2 rows; metepisternum nearly quadrate, width to length ratio = 0.93; metepisternum/metepimeron suture distinct. Abdomen with indistinct lateral wrinkles on ventrites 1-3; suture between ventrites 2 and 3 complete; apical female ventrite with 4 equally spaced marginal setae, a median trapezoid of 4 setae, the basal setae shorter, a 5th seta on right side. Legs-metatarsomere 1/metatibial length ratio = 0.15; metatarsomere 4 length along outer lobe 1.67 × me dian base, the tarsomere broad, robust, apical and subapical setae present; metatarsal dorsolateral sulci broad, shallow. Microsculpture of vertex a granulate isodiametric mesh; pronotal disc with granulate isodiametric mesh, some sculpticells in transverse rows; pronotal median base with granulate isodiametric mesh; elytral disc and apex with very shallow isodiametric sculpticells in shallow rows; metasternum with upraised transverse mesh; laterobasal abdominal ventrites with swirling isodiametric and transverse microsculpture. Coloration of vertex rufobrunneous with piceous cast; antennomere 1 flavous, antennomeres 2-11 piceous; pronotal disc rufobrunneous, margins broadly paler, rufoflavous; proepipleuron flavous, proepisternum piceous (Fig. 49D); elytral disc with rufobrunneous intervals and darker brunneous depressions and striae, sutural interval concolorous with lateral intervals; elytral margins rufoflavous, apex broadly flavous; elytral epipleuron flavous, metepisternum piceous; abdomen broadly brunneous, a piceous cast mediobasally, abdominal apical ventrite broadly flavous (Fig. 49D); metafemur flavous with indistinct median rufous cloud; metatibia rufobrunneous.</p><p>Female reproductive tract. The lone female holotype was not dissected.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Female (CUIC) labeled: HI: Maui Haleakala N.P. / Northeast Rift New / Greensword Bog sift ex / larger ohias / 17-V-1993 / lot 04 el. 1850 m // J.K. Liebherr &amp; / A.C. Medeiros / Collectors // HOLOTYPE / Mecyclothorax / medeirosi / Liebherr / det. J.K. Liebherr 2015 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>This is the second patronym to honor the contributions of Dr. Art Medeiros, most specifically for field collecting efforts validated in this revision, and more broadly for his leadership in Hawaiian conservation biology (e.g., Perkins et al. 2014). Both Mecyclothorax arthuri and Mecyclothorax medeirosi occupy distributional ranges in Kīpahulu Valley and the Hāna Bogs region of Haleakalā (Fig. 51). Based on the species known to science to date, the species’ hypothesized sister-taxon relationship can be signified by the convention, Mecyclothorax arthuri + Mecyclothorax medeirosi .</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>The single specimen used as the basis for this species description was collected by sifting humus and leaf litter from under an ‘ōhi‘a tree adjacent to New Greensword Bog (Fig. 51).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5EA7889D8CF66FA926A835EAD3DF26A6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
DF660E80CC9C82AC791D6542E178C239.text	DF660E80CC9C82AC791D6542E178C239.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax inconscriptus	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(033) Mecyclothorax inconscriptus sp. n. Figs 45 K–L, 46D, 47D, 50A, 51</p><p>Diagnosis .</p><p>This is one of the three species in the group with body lengths of 4.1 mm or less, accompanying Mecyclothorax bradycelloides and Mecyclothorax anthracinus in that distinction, however Mecyclothorax inconscriptus (Fig. 50A) incongruently differs from those species by sharing with Mecyclothorax foveolatus and Mecyclothorax interruptus below (Fig. 50 B–D), the state of elytral striae 2-4 fused in association with the dorsal elytral setae. The pronotum is basally constricted, MPW/BPW = 1.49-1.52, versus values of 1.38-1.47 for Mecyclothorax foveolatus and Mecyclothorax interruptus . Pronotal setation also differs from all four species mentioned above in that the basal setae are absent from a slight majority of available specimens, and in the minority of specimens that exhibit the basal setae, they are small and underdeveloped; therefore setal formula 2 1(2) 2 2. Standardized body length 3.7-4.0 mm.</p><p>Description</p><p>(n = 5). Head capsule with frontal grooves deep near clypeus, straight with lateral carina; dorsal surface of neck convex; ocular lobe obtusely projected from genal surface, eyes little convex, ocular ratio = 1.36-1.44, ocular lobe ratio = 0.72-0.77; labral anterior margin broadly, shallowly emarginate; antennae filiform, antennomere 3 with sparse pelage of short setae; mentum tooth with sides acute, apex tightly rounded. Pronotum transverse, MPW/PL = 1.31-1.37; hind angle obtuse rounded to denticulate, lateral margin straight for short distance to immediately sinuate anterad angle; median base with dense elongate punctures and wrinkles; basal margin nearly straight, slightly convex medially; median longitudinal impression shallow, finely incised, crossed by fine wrinkles; anterior transverse impression shallow, broad, crossed by fine wrinkles; anterior callosity slightly convex, crossed by fine wrinkles; front angles slightly projected, tightly rounded; apical width subequal to slightly larger than basal width, APW/BPW = 1.0-1.04; lateral marginal depression moderate, edge upturned to beaded; laterobasal depression broad, surface wrinkled. Proepisternum with 6 minute punctures along hind marginal groove; prosternal process medially depressed with broad marginal bead. Elytra subquadrate, disc flat, sides moderately sloped; basal groove slightly recurved to rounded humeral angle, the humeri moderately narrowed relative to greatest width behind midlength, MEW/HuW = 1.93-2.05; parascutellar seta present; parascutellar striole fine, continuous, with 6 small punctures; sutural interval moderately convex, slightly more elevated than intervals 2-4; sutural and 2nd striae of subequal depth from base to apex; discal striae deep, impunctate, continuous to apex with exception of strial fusions; strial fusions include those of striae 3 and 4 in association with dorsal elytral setae, striae 5 and 6 posterad humerus, and irregularly striae 3 and 4, 4 and 5, and 5 and 6 near apex (Fig. 50A); 7th and 8th interval of similar convexity mesad subapical sinuation; 2 dorsal elytral setae at 0.29 × and 0.61 –0.65× elytral length, setal impressions foveate, spanning interval 3; apical and subapical setae present; lateral elytral setae arranged in anterior series of 7 setae and posterior series of 5 setae; elytral marginal depression narrow, lateral margin upturned; subapical sinuation very shallow, nearly obsolete. Mesepisternum with 8 shallow punctures in 2 rows; metepisternal width to length ratio = 0.86; metepisternum/metepimeron suture distinct; metathoracic flight wing an ovoid flap 2.5 × long as wide, remnant R plus M veins present, vestige extends ¾ distance to posterior margin of metanotum. Abdomen with indistinct lateral wrinkles on ventrites 1-3; suture between ventrites 2 and 3 complete; apical male ventrite with 2 marginal setae, apical female ventrite with 4 equally spaced marginal setae and median trapezoid of 4 subequal, short setae. Legs-metatarsomere 1/metatibial length ratio = 0.17; metatarsomere 4 length along outer lobe 1.3 × medial tarsomere length, apical and subapical setae present; metatarsal dorsolateral sulci broad, shallow. Microsculpture of vertex granulate iso diametric; pronotal disc with granulate transverse mesh, median base with granulate isodiametric mesh; elytral disc with elongate transverse mesh, apex with well-developed isodiametric mesh in transverse rows; metasternum with upraised transverse mesh; laterobasal abdominal ventrites with swirling isodiametric and transverse microsculpture. Coloration of vertex rufobrunneous; antennomere 1 flavous, antennomeres 2-3 rufopiceous, 4-11 piceous; pronotal disc rufobrunneous with piceous cast, margins concolorous; proepipleuron rufoflavous, proepisternum rufobrunneous with piceous cast; elytral disc rufopiceous, sutural interval paler, rufous throughout length, lateral marginal depression paler at base, 8th stria and depression paler at apex; elytral epipleuron rufoflavous, metepisternum rufobrunneous; abdomen rufopiceous across width of ventrites 1-5, apical ventrite 6 with apical 1.3 paler, rufobrunneous; metafemur flavous with piceous cast in basal 1/3; metatibia flavous with piceous cast.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 1). Aedeagal median lobe short, robust, distance from parameral articulation to tip 2.2 × depth at midlength (Fig. 45K); apex narrowly extended beyond ostial opening 3 × its depth, tip tightly rounded at juncture of flattened apical face and downturned ventral margin; median lobe straight in ventral view, right and left margins convergent to blunt tip (Fig. 45L); internal sac unornamented, flagellar plate large, sclerotized plate visible in lateral view, plate length 0.58 × parameral articulation-tip distance.</p><p>Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix very broad basally, narrowed to a nipplelike apical lobe, overall length 0.51 mm, apical lobe width 0.09 mm, basal width at vagina 0.44 mm (Fig. 46D); bursal walls transparent at base, wrinkled in extension apicad juncture with common oviduct, apical lobe translucent, thinly wrinkled; gonocoxite 1 with 2 subequal apical fringe setae, 4 smaller setae on medial surface (Fig. 47D); gonocoxite 2 broadly subtriangular, apex tightly rounded, base broadly extended, 2 lateral ensiform setae with apical seta broader and longer, apical nematiform setae on medioventral surface at 0.72 × gonocoxite length.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Male (CUIC) dissected and labeled: HI: Maui Haleakala N.P. / Kaupo Gap el. 1495 m / N20°41'48", W156°08'22" / 17-18-V-2001 lot03 koa / / fern/moss litter J. Liebherr / 2 / HOLOTYPE / Mecyclothorax / inconscriptus / Liebherr / det. J.K. Liebherr 2015 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Paratypes.</p><p>HI: Maui: Haleakala N.P., Haleakala Crater, Paliku, pitfall, 1900 m el., 14-15-iii-2002, Takumi (BPBM, 1), Kaupo Gap, sift litter Acacia koa /fern/moss, 1495 m el., 17-18-v-2001 lot 03, Liebherr (CUIC, 5).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The Latin participle conscriptus is used as the stem of this epithet, with the converse inconscriptus signifying this species’ membership in the Mecyclothorax interruptus species group.</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax inconscriptus exhibits a Kaupō Gap distribution (Fig. 51) biogeographically congruent with that of Mecyclothorax cordaticollaris (Fig. 77). The two collecting records indicate occupation of mesic to dry ground-level microhabitats, with one specimen collected in a pitfall trap at Paliku, and a series of four individuals found in a sift sample of Acacia koa leaves, mosses, and dead fern fronds.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DF660E80CC9C82AC791D6542E178C239	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
0FA27A045FE37B5D49375FA24B1EE57B.text	0FA27A045FE37B5D49375FA24B1EE57B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax foveolatus	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(034) Mecyclothorax foveolatus sp. n. Figs 45 M–N, 46E, 47E, 50B, 51</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>This and the following species, Mecyclothorax interruptus, are cryptic sibling species with only subtle differences both externally (Fig. 50B, D) and in the male genitalia (Fig. 45 M–P), but nevertheless they may be consistently diagnosed morphologically. This species differs from its sibling in its more upraised cuticular microsculpture; 1, vertex covered by a granulate isodiametric mesh, the surface appearing coriaceous, matte and non-reflective; 2, pronotal disc with coriaceous isodiametric and transverse sculpticells in transverse rows, the pronotal base with granulate isodiametric mesh, again the surface with a matte finish. The corresponding microsculpture in Mecyclothorax interruptus individuals is: 1, vertex with isodiametric mesh, the sculpticell surfaces shiny in part; 2, pronotal disc with mixture of isodiametric and transverse sculpticells, the surface iridescent, and pronotal base with flattened isodiametric sculpticells, the surface shiny in part. The discal elytral striae are also smoother in this species, with minute punctulae at the deepest parts of the striae associated with longitudinal irregularities in the strial orientation, whereas in Mecyclothorax interruptus individuals the striae, especially the sutural and 2nd stria, are minutely but clearly punctate in their deepest portions, with those small punctures slightly expanding the stria at its deepest point. The male median aedeagal lobe apex in this species has a distinct obtuse tooth on its dorsal surface (Fig. 45 M–N) versus the lobe apex of Mecyclothorax interruptus males with a rounded dorsal projection (Fig. 45 O–P). The median lobe tip is also flattened apically in this species, versus more evenly rounded in Mecyclothorax interruptus . Setal formula 2 2 2 2. Standardized body length 4.8-5.9 mm.</p><p>Description</p><p>(n = 5). Head capsule with frontal grooves deep and broad near clypeus, sinuously directed to terminus mesad anterior supraorbital seta; dorsal surface of neck flat to convex; eyes moderately convex, ocular ratio = 1.42-1.50, ocular lobe distinctly projected from gena; ocular lobe ratio 0.79-0.88; labral anterior margin with broad, moderately deep emargination; antennae filiform, antennomere 3 with sparse pelage of short setae; mentum tooth with side acute, apex broadly rounded. Pronotum moderately transverse, MPW/PL = 1.19-1.29, moderately constricted basally, MPW/BPW = 1.38-1.46; hind angle variably obtuse, to right, to slightly acute, apex tightly rounded, lateral margin subparallel anterad angle; median base with dense elongate punctures and longitudinal wrinkles; basal margin nearly straight, slightly convex medially; median longitudinal impression broad, shallow, crossed by wrinkles; anterior transverse impression deeply incised, complete, crossed by longitudinal wrinkles that extend across broadly, slightly convex anterior callosity; front angles slightly projected, rounded; pronotal apical and basal widths subequal, APW/BPW = 0.95-1.06; lateral marginal depression moderate, edge broadly upturned; laterobasal depression broad, smooth, with median tubercle. Proepisternum with 6 small, elongate punctures along hind marginal groove; prosternal process broad, medially depressed with lateral marginal bead. Elytra subquadrate, disc slightly convex; basal groove evenly recurved to join lateral marginal depression at rounded humerus; MEW/HuW = 1.79-2.02; parascutellar seta present (on 1 specimen near base of stria 2); parascutellar striole deep, continuous; sutural interval moderately convex, convexity similar to that of lateral intervals of similar breadth; sutural and 2nd striae of subequal depth from base to apex; discal striae 2-4 fused in association with dorsal elytral setae, striae 5 and 6 may be fused behind humerus, intervals moderately convex to convex; 7th and 8th intervals of similar convexity mesad subapical sinuation; 2 dorsal elytral setae at 0.29 × and 0.60 × elytral length, setal impressions foveate, placed within depressed areas associated with strial fusions; apical and subapical setae present; lateral elytral setae arranged as anterior series of 7 setae (or anterior series of 6 with isolated 7th intermediate seta) and a posterior series of 6 setae; elytral marginal depression narrow, lateral margin upturned; subapical sinuation broad and very shallow. Mesepisternum with ~22 distinct punctures 3-4 rows; metepisternal width to length ratio = 0.76; metepisternum/metepimeron suture distinct; metathoracic flight wing configuration an ovoid flap, length 2.1 × breadth, remnant R and M veins present, the flap extended 1/3 length beyond posterior margin of metanotum. Abdomen with indistinct lateral wrinkles on ventrites 1-3; suture between ventrites 2 and 3 complete; apical male ventrite with 2 marginal setae, apical female ventrite with 4 equally spaced marginal setae and median trapezoid of 4 short setae, the basal pair slightly longer. Legs-metatarsomere 1/metatibial length ratio = 0.22; metatarsomere 4 length along outer lobe 1.4 × medial tarsomere length, apical and subapical setae present; metatarsal dorsolateral sulci broad, deep, median area irregular. Microsculpture of elytral disc an elongate transverse mesh, apex with upraised transverse mesh; metasternum with obsolete transverse mesh; laterobasal abdominal ventrites with elongate transverse mesh and glossy areas. Coloration of vertex brunneous; antennomere 1 flavous, antennomeres 2-3 flavous with a piceous cast, 4-11piceous; pronotal disc brunneous with piceous cast, margins broadly rufoflavous; proepipleuron flavous with rufous cast, proepisternum rufopiceous; elytral disc rufobrunneous with piceous cast, sutural interval concolorous, margins concolorous to slightly darker; elytral epipleuron flavous with rufous cast, metepisternum piceous; abdominal ventrites 1-6 piceous medially, flavous laterally, the apical ventrite flavous in apical half; metafemur flavous; metatibia flavous with brunneous cast.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 2). Aedeagal median lobe slender, distance from parameral articulation to tip 6.6 × depth at midlength (Fig. 45M), shaft slightly curved basally, ventral margin straight apically, apex with acute dorsal projection, tip tightly rounded at juncture of flat apical face and ventral margin; in ventral view median lobe slightly curved rightward toward apex, right margin concave, left margin more incurved to apex, apical denticle visible to left of rounded tip (Fig. 45N); internal sac without ornamentation.</p><p>Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix elongate with broad base at vagina, length 0.60 mm, apical width 0.23 mm, basal width 0.34 mm (Fig. 46E); bursal walls translucent, thinly wrinkled; gonocoxite 1 with 4 apical fringe setae and 4-6 smaller setae on medial surface (Fig. 47E); gonocoxite 2 subtriangular, apex acuminate, base evenly extended from lateral margin, 2 parallel-sided lateral ensiform setae, apical nematiform setae on medioventral surface at 0.79 × gonocoxite length.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Male (CUIC) dissected and labeled: HI: Maui Haleakala N.P. / Kipahulu west rim ESE / Kuiki, sift humus ex ohia / 15-V-1993 lot 03 / el. 1850 m // J.K. Liebherr / A.C. Medeiros, / Jr. collectors // HOLOTYPE / Mecyclothorax / foveolatus / Liebherr / det. J.K. Liebherr 2015 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Paratypes.</p><p>HI: Maui: Haleakala N.P., Kipahulu Vy., Central Pali Tr., sift leaf/moss litter, 1200 m el., 29-iv-1991 lot 03, Liebherr/Medeiros (CUIC, 1), Kipahulu west rim ESE Kuiki, sift Metrosideros humus, 1850 m el., 15-v-1993 lot 05, Liebherr/Medeiros (CUIC, 1); Hana For. Res., Kaumakani Peak, pyrethrin fog vegetation, 1165 m el., 08-vi-1999 lot 04, Polhemus (NMNH, 1); Koolau For. Res., Hanawi N.A.R., Kopiliula Str., pyrethrin fog Acacia koa trunk, 1127 m el., 03-v-1998 lot 02, Liebherr (CUIC, 1), Kuhiwa Vy. E rim, pyrethrin fog Metrosideros, 880 m el., 09-vi-1999 lot 04, Polhemus (NMNH, 1), lot 07, Polhemus (NMNH, 2), lot 09, Polhemus (NMNH, 1).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The foveae surrounding dorsal elytral setae of this species are the basis for use of the Latin adjectival foveatus as this species’ epithet.</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax foveolatus exhibits a highly fragmented distribution comprising five localities spanning the Manawainui Planeze, Kīpahulu Valley, Kaumakani Peak, and Kuhiwa and Kopili‘ula drainages in Hanawī (Fig. 51). The Kopili‘ula record alone is associated with koa, whereas the other records are associated with ‘ōhi‘a; either through sifting leaf litter, humus, or moss, or by using pyrethrin fog on mossy trunks and logs.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0FA27A045FE37B5D49375FA24B1EE57B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
A7BF1BB6412B56B8CDE51A92415A1D6C.text	A7BF1BB6412B56B8CDE51A92415A1D6C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax interruptus Sharp	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(035) Mecyclothorax interruptus Sharp Figs 45 O–P, 46F, 47F, 50 C–D, 51</p><p>Mecyclothorax interruptus Sharp 1903: 252; Britton 1948b: 163.</p><p>Mecyclothorax interruptus var. dubius Sharp 1903: 252; Britton 1948b: 163 (synonymy).</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>This species (Fig. 50D) can be diagnosed from its cryptic sibling species, Mecyclothorax foveolatus (Fig. 50B), using the criteria presented under that species (above). These two are the only Haleakalā species exhibiting: 1, strial fusion implicating striae 2-4 at the positions of the dorsal elytral setae; and 2, body sizes above 5 mm. Setal formula 2 2 2 2. Standardized body length 5.0-5.4 mm.</p><p>Identification</p><p>(n = 5). The eyes are moderately convex, ocular ratio = 1.37-1.50, and they cover much of the ocular lobe (Fig. 50D), ocular lobe ratio = 0.79-0.88. The pronotum is little constricted basally, MPW/BPW = 1.35-1.43, with the hind angle right to slightly obtuse, and the lateral margin briefly sinuate before the angle. The pronotal disc is smooth, glossy, with fine transverse wrinkles that extend little from the shallow, finely incised median longitudinal impression. The pronotal median base is covered with small punctures and fine longitudinal wrinkles. The elytra are subquadrate, with the humeri broadly rounded; MEW/HuW = 1.68-1.94. The dorsal body coloration is dark, with the vertex and pronotal disc rufopiceous, elytral disc rufobrunneous, and metafemur and metatibia flavous with a brunneous cast.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 3). Aedeagal median lobe very slender, distance from parameral articulation to tip 6.8 × depth at midlength (Fig. 45O), shaft slightly curved basally, ventral margin dorsally recurved apically, apex with bluntly rounded dorsal projection, tip broadly tightly rounded, apical face convex; in ventral view median lobe slightly curved rightward toward apex, right margin slightly concave, left margin more incurved to rounded apex, blunt projection visible as apical expansion of rounded tip (Fig. 45P); internal sac without ornamentation.</p><p>Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix a narrow tube with apical lobe, medial bulge, and basal constriction (Fig. 46F), overall length 0.80 mm, apical breadth 0.17 mm, medial bulge breadth 0.23 mm; bursal walls translucent, thinly wrinkled; gonocoxite 1 with 2-3 apical fringe setae and 5-6 smaller setae on medial surface (Fig. 47F); gonocoxite 2 subtriangular, apex broad, base evenly extended laterally from curved lateral margin, 2 broad lateral ensiform setae, apical nematiform setae on medioventral surface at 0.73 × gonocoxite length.</p><p>Lectotypes.</p><p>For Mecyclothorax interruptus Sharp, female (BMNH) hereby designated, labeled: ♀ (in pencil) / Mecyclothorax / interruptus / Type D.S. / Haleakala / Perkins 597 (on obverse of mounting platen) // Type (round, red-margined label) // Hawaiian Is. / Perkins / 1904-336. / LECTOTYPE / Mecyclothorax / interruptus / Sharp / J.K. Liebherr 1998 (black-margined red label). For Mecyclothorax interruptus var. dubius Sharp, female (BMNH) hereby designated, labeled: M. in- / terruptus. var / dubius . D.S. / Haleakala / Perkins (on obverse of mounting platen), 623. (on reverse of platen) // Hawaiian Is. / Perkins / 1904-336. // LECTOTYPE / Mecyclothorax / interruptus var. dubius / Sharp / J.K. Liebherr 1998 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax interruptus is broadly distributed across the Waikamoi block of forest from 1170-1860 m elevation (Fig. 51). This species has been found by sifting ‘ōhi‘a leaf litter, searching under boards or logs on the ground, and by pyrethrin sampling moss-covered standing tree trunks and horizontal nurse logs.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A7BF1BB6412B56B8CDE51A92415A1D6C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
0AFAA04A04BC94A1CD9B7852EE5B0EEA.text	0AFAA04A04BC94A1CD9B7852EE5B0EEA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax multipunctatus (Blackburn)	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(036) Mecyclothorax multipunctatus (Blackburn) Figs 52A, 53 A–C, 54A, 55A, 56</p><p>Cyclothorax multipunctatus Blackburn 1878a: 122; Blackburn and Sharp 1885: 214.</p><p>Mecyclothorax multipunctatus, Sharp 1903: 252; Britton 1948b: 156.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>This species is uniquely diagnosed by the presence of 1-3 setae in interval 5 accompanying the usual two dorsal elytral setae in interval 2, and broad subquadrate elytra with intervals of consistent breadth that bear regular, transverse-mesh microsculpture. When only one supplementary 5th interval seta is present, it is situated behind the position of the posterior dorsal elytral seta of the 3rd interval (Fig. 52A). When two extra 5th interval setae are present, they include the posterior trailing seta, plus a 2nd seta situated between the positions of the anterior and posterior dorsal elytral setae. A third 5th interval seta may be present, situated at a position immediately posterad or anterad the anterior dorsal elytral seta of interval 3. Setal formula 2 2 2 2. Standardized body length 4.5-5.5 mm.</p><p>Identification</p><p>(n = 5). The pronotum is transverse, MPW/PL = 1.32-1.42, with base broad, MPW/BPW = 1.41-1.44, and hind angles obtuse, with the lateral margins only slightly and briefly sinuate before the angles. The pronotal median base is slightly depressed relative to the disc, and covered with distinct longitudinal punctures and wrinkles. The elytra are broad basally, with the basal groove distinctly recurved to meet the lateral marginal depression at the subangulate humerus; MEW/HuW = 1.83-1.98. The sutural stria is deep with minute punctures to slight irregularities basally, deep and smooth apically. The mesepisternum bears ~8 punctures in 1-2 rows. The cuticular microsculpture is similar to all other species in the group, but the following combination is unique among those species: 1, vertex with upraised isodiametric sculpticells in transverse rows; 2, pronotal disc with transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 × length; 3, pronotal median base with granulate isodiametric mesh; 4, elytral disc covered with transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 × length; 5, elytral apex with transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 3 × length, to transverse lines.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 4). Aedeagal median lobe moderately robust, distance from parameral articulation to tip 3.8 × depth at midlength (Fig. 53A); apical extension beyond ostial opening with broadly convex dorsal projection, the tip slightly downturned and rounded; median lobe broad basally, thinly curved rightward apically in ventral view (Fig. 53C), the apex expanded slightly at tip; internal sac with ventral lobe at midlength (Fig. 53B; similar to ventral lobe of Mecyclothorax arthuri, Fig. 45 H–I), the apical lobe bearing the flagellar plate smaller than the ventral lobe; flagellar plate short, the sclerotized ventral face 0.27 × as long as parameral articulation-tip distance; sac with broad, diffuse ventral ostial microtrichial patch, otherwise covered with fine microspicules.</p><p>Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix columnar, broad with rounded apex, length 0.82 mm, breadth 0.43 mm, a heavily sclerotized plate dorsad the bursa copulatrix-common oviduct juncture, this hemi-elliptical bursal sclerite with both basal breadth and medial tarsomere length = 0.30 mm (Fig. 54A); bursal walls translucent with thick wrinkles; gonocoxite 1 with 3-4 apical fringe setae, a curved seta just basad medioapical angle and 3-5 smaller setae on medial surface (Fig. 55A); gonocoxite 2 subfalcate with a tightly rounded apex, broadly extended laterally at base, 2 lateral ensiform setae with apical seta broader and longer, apical nematiform setae on medioventral surface at 0.70 × gonocoxite length.</p><p>Lectotype.</p><p>Female (BMNH) hereby designated, labeled: Mounting platen with Blackburn Maui code (Zimmerman 1957: 210), Cyc multipunc (on reverse) // Type // Hawaiian Is. Rev. T. Blackburn 1888-30. // LECTOTYPE Cyclothorax multipunctatus Blackburn J.K. Liebherr 1998 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax multipunctatus is distributed in the forests of the Waikamoi and Honomanu drainages from 1210-1615 m elevation (Fig. 56). Most specimens have been collected in more mesic Koa- ‘Ōhi‘a Forest, most often on the ground; under logs or in sifted leaf litter. It has also been found on koa trunks, or associated with Cibotium ( hāpu‘u) tree ferns. On 7-v-1998, specimens of this species were collected from under large ohia logs in the mesic forest at Ukulele Pipeline along with Mecyclothorax foveopunctatus and Mecyclothorax sobrinus of this species group, plus the less closely related species Mecyclothorax cognatus, Mecyclothorax consanguineus, Mecyclothorax cymindicus, and Mecyclothorax filipoides .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0AFAA04A04BC94A1CD9B7852EE5B0EEA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
C28C1C647F113DD63438CE6D12740587.text	C28C1C647F113DD63438CE6D12740587.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax inaequalis (Blackburn)	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(037) Mecyclothorax inaequalis (Blackburn) Figs 52B, 53D, 54B, 55B, 56</p><p>Cyclothorax inaequalis Blackburn 1878b: 157; Blackburn and Sharp 1885: 216.</p><p>Mecyclothorax inaequalis, Sharp 1903: 249; Britton 1948b: 142.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Individuals of this species are instantly recognizable by the lustrous, shimmery dorsal surface resulting from the well-developed isodiametric and transverse microsculpture, and the presence of elytral setae on intervals 3, 5, and 7 (Fig. 52B). The dorsal surface appears similar in reflective pattern to that of the fire-adapted Sericoda species (Liebherr 1991). In Mecyclothorax inaequalis, there are 4-6 setae on elytral interval 3, 3-5 setae on interval 5, and 3 on interval 7, each seta associated with partial convergence of the adjacent elytral striae. The dorsal microsculpture is arrayed as: 1, vertex with upraised isodiametric mesh, the sculpticells in transverse rows on the neck; 2, pronotal disc with upraised, slightly transversely stretched sculpticells in transverse rows, the median base with granulate isodiametric sculpticells, some in rows; 3, elytral disc with irregular, upraised isodiametric sculpticells plus a transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 × length, the apex with a shiny transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 –3× length. Setal formula 2 2 4 2. Standardized body length 3.9-4.7 mm.</p><p>Identification</p><p>(n = 5). The eyes are moderately convex, ocular ratio = 1.39-1.45, and situated on protruded ocular lobes, ocular lobe ratio = 0.73-0.79. The pronotum is moderately constricted basally, MPW/BPW = 1.45-1.52, and transverse, MPW/PL = 1.34-1.40. The pronotal hind angles are nearly right with an obtuse-rounded apex, and the lateral margins are subparallel for a short distance anterad the angles. The elytra are subquadrate, with rounded humeri extended laterally on the broadly rounded elytral base; MEW/HuW = 1.91-1.96. The variable dorsal reflective pattern belies monotonous dorsal coloration, with the vertex and pronotal disc brunneous with a slight piceous cast, the elytra rufobrunneous to brunneous, the apex slightly darker due to a piceous cast. Only the antennal base-antennomeres 1-3 and the base of 4-and legs deviate by their flavous coloration; the femora with a broad piceous cloud across their basal third, and the tibiae with an apically more developed piceous cast</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 1). Aedeagal median lobe gracile, distance from parameral articulation to tip 4.7 × depth at midlength (Fig. 53D); apex broadly flat with subangulate ventral tip, blunt dorsal projection; internal sac with dark fields of spicules, flagellar plate short, 0.29 × as long as parameral articulation-tip distance.</p><p>Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix columnar, elongate with rounded apex, length 0.91 mm, breadth 0.34 mm (Fig. 54B); bursal walls translucent with thin wrinkles basally, wrinkles thicker apically; gonocoxite 1 with 3 apical fringe setae and 6-7 smaller setae on medial surface (Fig. 55B); gonocoxite 2 falcate with tightly rounded apex, base broadly extended laterally, 2 lateral ensiform setae with apical seta longer and broader, apical nematiform setae on medioventral surface at 0.65 × gonocoxite length.</p><p>Lectotype.</p><p>Male (BMNH) hereby designated, labeled: Mounting platen with Blackburn Maui code (Zimmerman 1957: 210), inaequalis (on reverse) // Type // Hawaiian Is. Rev. T. Blackburn 1888-30. // LECTOTYPE Cyclothorax inaequalis Blackburn J.K. Liebherr 1998 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax inaequalis is a species recorded only from ground-level microhabitats in the mesic forests west of Waikamoi Gulch (Fig. 56), with collecting localities ranging 1210-1615 m elevation. Anonymous (N D) lists the species in Perkins’ lot 251: "all the small Carabids and Hem[e]iptera by grubbing." In a modern exercise of the grubbing method on 14-v-1998 at Ukulele Pipeline, this species was collected along with individuals of Mecyclothorax cognatus, Mecyclothorax longulus, and Mecyclothorax sobrinus . In a subsequent grubbing attempt-16-v-2003 along the Sugi Ridge Trail, Waikamoi Nature Conservancy Preserve-the species list added Mecyclothorax multipunctatus and Mecyclothorax perstriatus to the above.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C28C1C647F113DD63438CE6D12740587	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
6F4881621516CB39BCA1DB2ED72398E9.text	6F4881621516CB39BCA1DB2ED72398E9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax longulus Sharp	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(038) Mecyclothorax longulus Sharp Figs 52C, 53 E–F, 54C, 55C, 56</p><p>Mecyclothorax longulus Sharp 1903: 251; Britton 1948b: 143.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>It is the narrow, parallel-sided body shape (Fig. 52C) that diagnoses this species. The quadrate, elongate elytra exhibit only slightly convex lateral margins and relatively broad humeri, MEW/HuW = 1.83-1.93, and the pronotum is very broad relative to the elytra, MEW/MPW = 1.33-1.36. In this group, only Mecyclothorax consobrinus (Fig. 57B) and Mecyclothorax sobrinus (Fig. 57C) exhibit such quadrate elytra, but their body sizes are much larger; standardized body length for these two species spans 5.5-6.6 mm versus a standardized body length of 5.1-5.3 for Mecyclothorax longulus . Setal formula 2 2 2 2.</p><p>Identification</p><p>(n = 4). As above for the pronotum, head broad, MEW/MHW = 2.00-2.06, the eyes moderately convex, ocular ratio = 1.40-1.46. The lateral margins of the pronotum are only slightly sinuate anterad the obtuse, non-projected hind angles. The pronotal median base is indistinctly punctate, with 8-11 distinct rounded punctures or elongate longitudinal wrinkles each side, and the smooth laterobasal depression has a broad median tubercle. The discal elytral striae are minutely punctate, with associated intervals 1-5 slightly convex. The elytral setae consist of the parascutellar seta, 2 dorsal elytral setae at 0.33 –0.35× and 0.60-0.62 and 0.60 –0.62× elytral length, apical and subapical setae, and lateral setae arranged in an anterior series of 7 setae plus a posterior series of 6 setae. The dorsal microsculpture includes: 1, vertex with an upraised isodiametric mesh in transverse rows; 2, pronotal disc with upraised transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 × length, the median base with granulate isodiametric sculpticells intermixed with some transverse sculpticells; 3, elytral disc with an upraised isodiametric mesh, the apex with the isodiametric and slightly transversely stretched sculpticells in transverse rows.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 1). Aedeagal median lobe gracile, distance from parameral articulation to tip 4.3 × depth at midlength (Fig. 53E); apex extended 3 × its depth beyond ostial opening, apex expanded dorsoventrally with ventral margin convex before round ed tip; median lobe distinctly curved to right in ventral view distad apex of ostial opening (Fig. 53F); internal sac covered with dark fields of microspicules, short flagellar plate visible inside dorsal margin of lobe, length 0.26 × parameral articulation-tip distance.</p><p>Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix columnar, short and broad, the dimensions dictated by a heavily sclerotized, hemi-elliptical plate dorsad bursa copulatrix-median oviduct juncture, bursal length 0.48 mm, breadth 0.40 mm, the same dimensions as bursal sclerite (Fig. 54C); bursal walls translucent with thin wrinkles where not sclerotized into bursal sclerite; gonocoxite 1 with 3-4 apical fringe setae, 6-7 smaller setae on medial surface (Fig. 55C); gonocoxite 2 subfalcate with tightly rounded apex, 2 lateral ensiform setae, apical nematiform setae on medioventral surface at 0.77 × gonocoxite length.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Male (BMNH) labeled: Mecyclothorax longulus Type D.S. Haleakala Perkins 120 // Type // Hawaiian Is. Perkins 1904-336. // Haleakala Maui 5000 ft. 6 IV 1894 // HOLOTYPE Mecyclothorax longulus Sharp J.K. Liebherr 1998 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax longulus is known from Koa- ‘Ōhi‘a Mesic Forest across a very limited geographic area west of Pu‘u o Kakae-elevations 1425-1615 m-in the Waikamoi area (Fig. 56). It was described by Sharp (1903) from a unique specimen from Ukulele Camp, and it has been recollected on four occasions since. It has been found in leaf siftate, by grubbing in leaf litter, under the rotten bark of Cheirodendron ('ōlapa), and in a yellow-pan trap.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6F4881621516CB39BCA1DB2ED72398E9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
2C761CCB2203FD18C61C47BEEE420E94.text	2C761CCB2203FD18C61C47BEEE420E94.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax giffardi Liebherr	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(039) Mecyclothorax giffardi Liebherr Figs 52D, 53G, 56</p><p>Mecyclothorax giffardi Liebherr 2005b: 108.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Of the beetles comprising this taxonomic group, only individuals of this species simultaneously exhibit: 1, two dorsal elytral setae on interval 3 but no additional setae on intervals 5 or 7; 2, laterally convex elytra with the greatest width behind midlength in combination with slightly narrowed humeri, MEW/HuW = 1.98; and 3, moderately smaller body size, standardized body length 4.5-4.9 mm. The dorsal body surface is reflective due to largely transverse microsculpture: 1, vertex and pronotal disc covered with a distinct transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth subequal to twice sculpticell length; and 2, elytra with a transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 –3× length. Only the pronotal median base exhibits the upraised isodiametric sculpticells–irregularly swirling based on the orientation of the cuticular surface–characteristic of other species in the group. Setal formula 2 2 2 2.</p><p>Identification</p><p>(n = 2). The eyes are smaller, covering only ¾ of the protruded ocular lobe, and narrowly convex, ocular ratio = 1.41-1.42. The forebody is narrower relative to the elytra than in the other species with only the 2 dorsal elytral setae; MEW/MWH = 2.14, MEW/MPW = 1.46. The discal elytral striae are minutely punctate, and the dorsal elytral setae are in broad, foveate depressions that span interval 3 plus the adjacent halves of intervals 2 and 4. The forebody is distinctly darker than the elytra, with frons and vertex plus pronotal disc rufopiceous, contrasted to the rufobrunneous elytra. The apex of the elytral sutural stria and the adjoining elytral apex are paler, rufoflavous. Like related species, the femora are flavous with a basal piceous cloud, and the tibiae are rufobrunneous with a more pronounced piceous cast apically.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 1). Aedeagal median lobe gracile, distance from parameral articulation to tip 4.1 × depth at midlength (Fig. 53G); apex broadly expanded with flat apical face, the ventral tip rightly rounded; internal sac short and broad, with broad dorsal ostial microtrichial patch at base, and ventral surface broadly spiculate as a ventral patch; flagellar plate short, length 0.30 × parameral articulation-tip distance.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Male (BPBM) dissected and designated by Liebherr (2005b: 109). Type locality is: HI: Maui, Haleakalā, Polipoli Springs area, 5000 ft. el.</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax giffardi is known from only two specimens, the holotype collected by W.M. Giffard at 1525 m elevation in the Kula Forest Reserve below Polipoli Springs, and a second male specimen collected by P.D. Krushelnycky in the Kahikinui Forest Reserve on Haleakalā’s south slope (Fig. 56). The Kahikinui specimen was collected in koa - ‘ōhi‘a leaf litter.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2C761CCB2203FD18C61C47BEEE420E94	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
2AE947CE9547457E252F5658F8C9F172.text	2AE947CE9547457E252F5658F8C9F172.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax foveopunctatus	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(040) Mecyclothorax foveopunctatus sp. n. Figs 53H, 56, 57A</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>This along with Mecyclothorax sobrinus and Mecyclothorax consobrinus represent the large-bodied species of the group; in this species standardized body length 5.6 mm. This species differs from the other two by the basally more constricted elytra (Fig. 57), and more punctate discal elytral striae, the striae themselves deeper and more regular. The pronotal median base is more discretely punctate, with ~ 6 distinct, rounded punctures plus 3-4 longitudinal wrinkles each side. The male aedeagal median lobe (Fig. 53H) lacks the robust, accessory subapical projection shared by males of Mecyclothorax consobrinus and Mecyclothorax sobrinus (Fig. 58). Setal formula 2 2 2 2.</p><p>Description</p><p>(n = 1). Head capsule with frontal grooves deep near clypeus, angled laterally at midpoint to terminate mesad anterior supraorbital setae; dorsal impression of neck slightly concave; eyes moderate in size and convexity, ocular ratio = 1.44, ocular lobe ratio = 0.76; labral anterior margin moderately emarginate; antennae filiform, antennomeres 2-3 with sparse pelage of short setae; mentum tooth with sides right, apex broadly rounded. Pronotum transverse, MPW/PL = 1.33, broad basally, MPW/BPW = 1.36, hind angles obtuse, little projected, with lateral margins subparallel for short distance anterad angles; basal margin straight medially, extended slightly between laterobasal depressions; median longitudinal impression shallow, finely incised at depth, extended onto median base; anterior transverse impression deep, finely incised at depth, anterior callosity elevated, flat, both crossed by longitudinal wrinkles; front angles projected, rounded; pronotal base broader than apex, APW/BPW = 0.90; lateral marginal depression broad at front angle, moderately narrow at midlength, broadened near laterobasal depression, edge upturned; laterobasal depression broad, smooth, with median tubercle. Proepisternum with 5 minute punctures along hind marginal groove; prosternal process medially depressed, margin upraised with bead only anterad procoxae. Elytra subovoid, disc flat, sides abruptly sloped; basal groove slightly recurved to subangulate humeral angle; humeri narrowed, MEW/HuW = 1.90, lateral margin narrowly curved posterad outside angle; parascutellar seta present; parascutellar striole smooth anteriorly, 3 punctures posteriorly near apex; sutural interval of same convexity as lateral intervals basally, upraised as a callous apically; sutural and 2nd striae of subequal depth from base to apex; 8th interval convex laterad 7th stria near subapical sinuation, 7th stria and nearby portion of 7th interval depressed just apicad diminution of interval 6 at fusion of intervals 5 + 7; 2 dorsal elytral setae at 0.34 × and 0.64 –0.67× elytral length, setae in foveate depressions that span interval 3 plus lateral half of interval 4; apical and subapical setae present; lateral elytral setae arranged in anterior series of 7 setae, posterior series of 6 setae; elytral marginal depression moderately narrow throughout length, beadlike near subapical sinuation. Mesepisternum with ~18 punctures in 3 rows; metepisternal width to length ratio 0.86. Abdomen with irregular lateral wrinkles on ventrites 1-5; suture between ventrites 2 and 3 complete; apical male ventrite with 2 marginal setae. Legs-metatarsomere 1/metatibial length ratio = 0.18; metatarsomere 4 length along outer lobe 1.3 × medial tarsomere length, apical and subapical setae present; metatarsal dorsolateral sulci moderately deep, basal tarsomeres medially convex. Microsculpture of vertex upraised isodiametric sculpticells in transverse rows; pronotal disc with isodiametric sculpticells in transverse rows to a transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 × length, median base with granulate isodiametric mesh; elytral disc with upraised isodiametric sculpticells, the apex with upraised transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 × length; metasternum with distinct transverse mesh; laterobasal abdominal ventrites with swirling transverse and isodiametric microsculpture. Coloration of vertex dark rufobrunneous; antennomere 1 flavous, antennomeres 2-3 rufoflavous, 4-11 rufobrunneous; pronotal disc dark rufobrunneous, margins rufoflavous mesad front angles, lateral marginal depressions and median base rufobrunneous; proepipleuron rufoflavous, proepisternum rufopiceous; elytral disc rufobrunneous, sutural interval concolorous basally, slightly paler, rufoflavous apically; elytral marginal depression and apex slightly paler than disc, rufoflavous; elytral epipleuron flavous dorsally, rufobrunneous on ventral margin, metepisternum piceous; abdomen piceous, apical 1/5 of apical ventrite 6 flavous; metafemur with ground color flavous, basal half with broad piceous cloud; metatibia rufoflavous with piceous cast.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 1). Aedeagal median lobe (Fig. 53H) much like a more robust version of Mecyclothorax longulus (Fig. 53E), gracile, distance from parameral articulation to tip 4.1 × depth at midlength, apex extended 3 × depth beyond apex of ostial opening, expanded dorsoventrally at tip, with apical face of tip obliquely flattened; internal sac unornamented, flagellar plate short, length 0.30 × parameral articulation-tip distance.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Male (CUIC) dissected and labeled: HI: Maui Haleakala / Waikamoi N.C.P. Ukulele / Pipeline 7-V-1998 lot 03 / 1495-1525m el. under / logs J.K. Liebherr // Hawaiian Is. / Perkins / 1904-336. / HOLOTYPE / Mecyclothorax / foveopunctatus / Liebherr / det. J.K. Liebherr 2015 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The Latin adjectival foveopunctatus signifies the foveate depressions surrounding the dorsal elytral setae.</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax foveopunctatus is known only from the holotype collected under an ‘ōhi‘a log in mesic forest near Ukulele Pipeline (Fig. 56). The type specimen was collected along with specimens of Mecyclothorax cognatus, Mecyclothorax consanguineus, Mecyclothorax cymindicus, Mecyclothorax filipoides, Mecyclothorax multipunctatus, and Mecyclothorax sobrinus .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2AE947CE9547457E252F5658F8C9F172	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
92E8A563B6A75C6245C1EDE9D8C1A7DD.text	92E8A563B6A75C6245C1EDE9D8C1A7DD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax consobrinus Liebherr	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(041) Mecyclothorax consobrinus Liebherr Figs 54D, 55D, 57B, 58 A–C, 59</p><p>Mecyclothorax consobrinus Liebherr 2005b: 101.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>This and Mecyclothorax sobrinus share the conditions of subquadrate elytra with dorsal setae restricted to interval 3 (Fig. 57 B–C), and large body size; in this species standardized body length 5.8-6.3 mm. The two species are considered adelphotaxa based on shared possession of a very distinctive male aedeagal median lobe that exhibits a robust, apically directed process situated immediately basad the ostial opening (Fig. 58). Mecyclothorax consobrinus can be diagnosed by the more developed dorsal microsculpture: 1, vertex with upraised isodiametric sculpticells in transverse rows; 2, pronotal disc with upraised slightly transversely stretched sculpticells, pronotal median base with granulate isodiametric and transverse sculpticells; 3, elytral disc with upraised isodiametric mesh, the apex with isodiametric mesh and swirling transverse mesh in large depression associated with 7th stria. The elytra are also more irregularly depressed in this species, in some individuals due to presence of a third dorsal elytral seta in interval 3 (Fig. 57B), and in all individuals due to the deep and irregular depression associated with the fused apical portion of striae 5 + 7, this depression in some instances also involving the apical termination of interval 6. Setal formula 2 2 2-3 2.</p><p>Identification</p><p>(n = 5). The elytral striae are shallow, with the surfaces of the discal intervals irregularly undulated along their length. These undulations in concert with the upraised microsculpture lead to a satiny appearance to the elytral cuticle. The pronotal median base tends to have an irregular surface as well, due to the presence of distinct punctures in company with many longitudinal wrinkles. The mesepisternum is profoundly punctate in this species, with ~22 punctures arrayed in 2-3 longitudinal rows across its surface. Access to a male will cement the identification of male members of a series representing this species (Fig. 58 A–C) (see below).</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 2). Aedeagal median lobe heavily sclerotized yet shaft dimensions gracile relative to length, distance from parameral articulation to tip 4.6 × depth at midlength (Fig. 58A); apex broadly flattened along apical face, adze-shaped, along with large dorsal subapical projection at basal margin of ostium (a character shared only with Mecyclothorax sobrinus; Fig. 58 D–E) that results in a paired structure surrounding the ostium that appears not unlike a bottle opener; median lobe with apex curved rightward in ventral view, the dorsal subapical projection curved leftward (Fig. 58C); internal sac very small, short, length 0.47 × parameral articulation-tip distance, sac surface unornamented; flagellar plate very small, sclerotized ventral surface 0.24 × parameral articulation-tip distance.</p><p>Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix broad, columnar, apex rounded, ventral surface dorsad bursa copulatrix-common oviduct juncture with brownish coloration, lightly sclerotized, length 0.95 mm, breadth 0.46 mm (Fig. 54D); bursal walls translucent with thick wrinkles; gonocoxite 1 with 3-4 apical fringe setae, 1-2 thick, curved setae at apicomedial angle, and 4-5 smaller setal on medial surface (Fig. 55D); gonocoxite 2 narrowly subtriangular with narrowly rounded apex, base broadly extended laterally, 2 lateral ensiform setae, apical nematiform setae on medioventral surface at 0.65 × gonocoxite length.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Male (BPBM) designated by Liebherr (2005b: 107). Type locality is HI: Maui, Haleakala, Polipoli Springs area, 5000 ft. el.</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax consobrinus is known only from the Polipoli Springs area along the southwest rift of Haleakalā (Fig. 59). It has been collected from leaf litter, the sift samples often taken from areas covered with Dryopteris wallichiana (Laukahi) ferns. It is also commonly found under stones on moist ground, and one specimen was found under loose Pinus radiata bark.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/92E8A563B6A75C6245C1EDE9D8C1A7DD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
EEE491352AC3700BAC4BA42A897B7F4A.text	EEE491352AC3700BAC4BA42A897B7F4A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax sobrinus Sharp	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(042) Mecyclothorax sobrinus Sharp Figs 54E, 55E, 57C, 58 D–F, 59</p><p>Mecyclothorax sobrinus Sharp 1903: 253; Britton 1948b: 143.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Individuals of this species exhibit overlapping head, prothoracic, and elytral ratios and standardized body length-5.5-6.6 mm-with Mecyclothorax consobrinus, reducing any diagnosis of the two species to qualitative characters associated with elytral setation and punctation, and cuticular microsculpture. The discal elytral striae are deeper and of more uniform depth in this species than in Mecyclothorax consobrinus . Striae 1-6 are closely punctured in the basal 2/3 of their length. The setal impressions associated with the two dorsal elytral setae are shallower and less broad than seen in Mecyclothorax consobrinus, depressing interval 3 plus less than half of interval 4. Also, the apical depression associated with interval 7 is shallower and more regularly depressed among individuals of this species. Finally, the microsculpture is less upraised overall: 1, vertex with well-developed isodiametric sculpticells in transverse rows; 2, pronotal disc with well-developed slightly transversely stretched mesh, the median base covered with a mixture of isodiametric and transverse sculpticells; 3, elytral disc with a transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 × length, apex with mesh more transverse, breadth 2 –3× length. Also, no individuals representing this species have been observed to have more than two dorsal elytral setae. Setal formula 2 2 2 2.</p><p>Identification</p><p>(n = 5). Although the ratios overlap with Mecyclothorax consobrinus, eyes tend to be less developed in individuals of this species; ocular ratio = 1.37-1.46 versus 1.41-1.46 in Mecyclothorax consobrinus, ocular lobe ratio = 0.71-0.77 versus 0.74-0.76. The pronotal median base is relatively smooth, with only sparse fine punctures and a few longitudinal wrinkles. The pronotal lateral marginal depression is only slightly broader at the front angles, the angles tightly rounded. The mesepisternum is moderately punctate, with ~9 punctures in 1-2 longitudinal rows. Finally, the male median aedeagal lobe has a less developed dorsal projection and narrower, more rounded apex (Fig. 58 D–F) than that of the adelphotaxon’s males.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 2). Aedeagal median lobe (Fig. 58D) a slightly less exaggerated version than that characterizing Mecyclothorax consobrinus (Fig. 58A), distance from parameral articulation to tip 4.2 × depth at midlength, apex broadly rounded in company with blunt, broad dorsal projection, the dorsal projection varying in curvature and apical shape (Fig. 58 D–E), apex of median lobe curved rightward, dorsal projection curved leftward (Fig. 58F).</p><p>Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix broad, columnar apex rounded, ventral surface dorsad bursa copulatrix-common oviduct juncture with brownish coloration, lightly sclerotized, bursal length 1.0 mm, breadth 0.51 mm (Fig. 54E); bursal walls translucent with thick wrinkles outside area of sclerotization; gonocoxite 1 with 3-4 apical fringe setae, thicker apicomedial seta present at apical angle, 7-8 smaller setae basally along median margin (Fig. 55E); gonocoxite 2 narrowly subtriangular with tightly rounded apex, base broadly extended laterally, 2 lateral ensiform setae, apical nematiform setae on medioventral surface at 0.71 × gonocoxite length.</p><p>Lectotype.</p><p>Male (BMNH) hereby designated, labeled: Mecyclothorax sobrinus Type D.S. Haleakala Perkins 350 // Type // Hawaiian Is. Perkins 1904-336. // Haleakala Maui 4500 ft. Perkins 28 III 1894 // LECTOTYPE Mecyclothorax sobrinus Sharp J.K. Liebherr 1998 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax sobrinus inhabits mesic forest west of Waikamoi Gulch (Fig. 59) from 1280-1980 m elevation. E.C. Zimmerman collected two specimens by beating at 6000-6500 ft. elevation on the NW upper slope; these specimens representing outliers to modern collections in the Koa- ‘Ōhi‘a Mesic Forest near Ukulele Pipeline. Forest-inhabiting specimens have been found in sifted litter associated with ‘ōhi‘a and Cibotium ( hāpu‘u) tree fern. The largest collections have come from yellow-pan traps set in ecotone forest situations (vi-viii-2006, L. Leblanc, UHIM).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EEE491352AC3700BAC4BA42A897B7F4A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
E37029CE0AA5AED3F2B6D07FF1B4850B.text	E37029CE0AA5AED3F2B6D07FF1B4850B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax subtilis Britton & Liebherr	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(043) Mecyclothorax subtilis Britton &amp; Liebherr sp. n. Figs 60A, 64</p><p>Mecyclothorax n. sp. α, Liebherr 2004, fig. 4.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>This is one of three species in the group that is characterized by bicolored elytra; the lateral elytral intervals flavous, contrasted to the piceous disc (Fig. 60 A–C). In this species intervals 7-9 and the apex of the sutural stria are rufobrunneous to flavous, whereas the basal portions of intervals 2-5 are rufopiceous. The dorsal surface of the head and the pronotum are rufous with a flavous cast. The pronotum is moderately transverse, MPW/PL = 1.26, and basally constricted, MPW/BPW = 1.58. The dorsal surface of the head bears well-developed isodiametric sculpticells arranged in transverse rows. The setal formula is 2 1 2 0; the other two bicolored species- Mecyclothorax patulus and Mecyclothorax patagiatus -are characterized by presence of the subapical seta. Moreover, this species lacks the parascutellar seta, whereas it is present in the other two species. Standardized body length 3.45 mm.</p><p>Description</p><p>(n = 1). Head capsule with frontal grooves broad near clypeus, convexity present laterad groove, a narrow carina extended to supraorbital seta; dorsal surface of neck flat; eyes large, moderately convex, ocular ratio = 1.46, ocular lobe ratio = 0.84; labral anterior margin very shallowly emarginate medially; antennae filiform, antennomeres 2-3 glabrous except for 1 or 2 small setae on shafts; mentum tooth with sides acute, apex tightly rounded. Pronotum with glabrous hind angles, the base constricted, and lateral margins subparallel anterad the right, projected hind angles; median base moderately depressed, strigose due to long punctures and wrinkles; basal margin straight medially, margin expanded posterad laterobasal depressions; median longitudinal impression shallow, finely incised; anterior transverse impression shallow, broad, crossed by indistinct wrinkles; anterior callosity elevated, flat, crossed by indistinct longitudinal wrinkles; front angles projected, tightly rounded; pronotal apex broader than base, APW/BPW = 1.06; lateral marginal depression narrow, edge slightly upturned, broader at front angle, beaded anterad basal sinuation; laterobasal depression smooth, continuous with lateral depression; slight tubercle mesad lateral margin. Proepisternum with 5 minute punctures along hind marginal groove; prosternal process with narrow median impression, lateral margins broadly beaded between coxae. Elytra subellipsoid, disc flat, sides moderately sloped; basal groove slightly recurved to tightly rounded humeral angle; greatest width near midlength, MEW/HuW = 2.09; parascutellar striole discontinuous along length, with 3-4 punctures; sutural interval coplanar with lateral striae basally, upraised in apical half; sutural and 2nd striae of subequal depth from base to apex; discal striae 1-5 broad but defined, lined with minute elongate punctulae in basal 1/3 of length, 6-7 discontinuous, represented by serial punctures, discal intervals moderately convex; 8th interval slightly more convex than fused apical portion of fused striae 5 + 7; 2 dorsal elytral setae at 0.28 × and 0.64 × elytral length, setal impression small, spanning 1/3-1/2 of interval 3; apical and subapical setae absent; lateral elytral setae arranged in an anterior series of 6 setae and a posterior series of 5 setae; elytral marginal depression narrow, margin little upturned in basal half, narrowly beadlike near subapical sinuation; subapical sinuation very shallow, nearly obsolete. Mesepisternum with ~8 punctures in 1-2 rows; metepisternal width to length ratio = 0.71; metepisternum/metepimeron suture distinct. Abdomen with irregular lateral wrinkles on ventrites 1-5; suture between ventrites 2 and 3 complete; apical female ventrite with 4 equally spaced marginal setae plus median trapezoid of 4 subequal, short setae. Legs-metatarsomere 1/metatibial length ratio = 0.20; metatarsomere 4 length along outer lobe 1.33 × medial tarsomere length, apical and subapical setae present; metatarsal dorsolateral sulci narrow, shallow, median surface broad. Microsculpture of pronotal disc transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 × length, median base with mixture of isodiametric and transverse sculpticells; elytral disc with transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 –4× length, apex with shallow transverse mesh of the same dimensions; metasternum with shallow transverse mesh; laterobasal abdominal ventrites with swirling isodiametric and transverse microsculpture. Coloration of antennomere 1 flavous, antennomeres 2-3 rufoflavous, 4-11 rufobrunneous; proepipleuron and proepisternum rufoflavous; elytral epipleuron rufoflavous, metepisternum rufobrunneous; abdomen with ventrites 1-3 medially pale rufobrunneous, lateral portions and ventrites 4-6 rufoflavous; femur rufoflavous; tibia rufoflavous with rufous cast.</p><p>Female reproductive tract. The lone female holotype was not dissected.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Female (BPBM) labeled: Haleakala / 5000 ft. / April / RCLP (obverse of mounting platen) / 369 (on reverse of platen) // Type (round red-margined label) // sp. n. near Mecyclothorax ovipennis // 1323 // HOLOTYPE / Mecyclothorax / subtilis / E.B. Britton / det. 1940 // HOLOTYPE / Mecyclothorax / subtilis Britton / &amp; Liebherr / det. J.K. Liebherr 2015 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Britton’s choice of the Latin adjective subtilis to signify the minute, slender body of this beetle was extremely appropriate, and that choice is hereby validated.</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Perkins’ lot 369 was collected on 10-iv-1894 at 5000 ft. (1524 m) elevation (Anonymous N D). The only relevant field note from that day (Perkins, 1894) states "Picked up a good number of Carabids, …” As Perkins made no mention of straying far from camp, Ukulele Camp (Site) is designated the type locality (Fig. 64).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E37029CE0AA5AED3F2B6D07FF1B4850B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
84ED6BB059E71BCFA9897014E9D2B0F2.text	84ED6BB059E71BCFA9897014E9D2B0F2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax patulus	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(044) Mecyclothorax patulus sp. n. Figs 60B, 64</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>This second of the three bicolored species (Fig. 60B) exhibits more narrowly flavous elytral margins-only intervals 8-9-versus piceous discal intervals 2-7. The sutural interval is rufous basally, flavous apically. The bisetose pronotum is more transverse than that of Mecyclothorax subtilis; MPW/PL = 1.28, and less constricted basally, MPW/BPW = 1.53. As in the next species below, Mecyclothorax patagiatus, the parascutellar and subapical elytral setae are present, but the elytral humeri are narrower in this species-MEW/HuW = 2.06 versus 2.0-and the elytra more ellipsoid. The setal impressions of the dorsal elytral setae are larger in beetles of this species, as they span interval 3. Setal formula 2 1 2 1[sae]. Standardized body length 3.4 mm.</p><p>Description</p><p>(n = 1). Head capsule with frontal grooves broad near clypeus, a lateral carina extended to mesad anterior supraorbital seta; dorsal surface of neck flat; eyes moderately convex, ocular ratio = 1.47, not extended onto posterior portion of ocular lobe, ocular lobe ratio = 0.75; labral anterior margin broadly emarginate to 1/6 of length; antennae filiform, sparse setae on apex of antennomere 1 and shafts of antennomeres 2-3; mentum tooth with sides acute, apex tightly rounded. Pronotum transverse, MPW/PL = 1.28, bisetose, glabrous hind angles obtuse, rounded behind, lateral margin subparallel for short distance anterad angle; base moderately broad, MPW/BPW = 1.53; median base nearly coplanar with disc, ~10 sparsely distributed, isolated punctures each side; basal margin convexly expanded between laterobasal depressions; median longitudinal impression shallow, finely incised, crossed by fine longitudinal wrinkles; anterior transverse impression deep, finely incised, minute irregularities in deepest part; anterior callosity convex, glossy surface with minute longitudinal wrinkles; front angles slightly projected, tightly rounded; pronotal apical width greater than basal width, APW/BPW = 1.10; lateral marginal depression narrow, edge upturned, slightly broader at front angle; laterobasal depression with slightly irregular surface, continuous with lateral depression. Proepisternum with 5 minute punctures along hind marginal groove; prosternal process with narrow median impression, lateral margins broadly beaded between coxae. Elytra broadly subellipsoid, disc flat, sides moderately sloped; basal groove evenly and distinctly recurved to tightly rounded humeral angle, MEW/HuW = 2.06; parascutellar seta present; parascutellar striole with 3-4 punctures, very shallow between punctures; sutural interval more convex than lateral intervals, sutural juncture upraised; sutural and 2nd striae of subequal depth from base to disc, 2nd stria slightly shallower at apex; discal striae 1-5 moderately broad, evident, stria 6 shallower and stria 7 shallower still, interrupted along length; striae 1-4 with minute elongate punctures, stria 5 with shallower punctures and stria 6 with only irregularities along length; intervals 2-5 moderately convex, lateral intervals less so; 8th interval slightly more convex than fused apical portion of striae 5 + 7; 2 dorsal elytral setae at 0.28 –0.32× and 0.62 × elytral length, setal impressions evident, spanning interval 3; apical elytral seta absent, subapical elytral seta present; lateral elytral setae arranged as anterior series of 6 setae and posterior series of 5 setae; elytral marginal depression narrow, edge little upturned in basal half, margin beadlike near subapical sinuation; subapical sinuation very shallow, nearly obsolete. Mesepisternum with ~6 punctures in 1-2 rows; metepisternal width to length ratio = 0.80; metepisternum/metepimeron suture distinct. Abdomen with irregular lateral wrinkles on ventrites 1-5, lateral depressions on ventrites 3-6; suture between ventrites 2 and 3 complete; apical female abdominal ventrite with 4 equally spaced setae plus trapezoid of 4 subequal, short setae. Legs-metatarsomere 1/metatibial length ratio = 0.20; metatarsomere 4 length along outer lobe 1.3 × medial tarsomere length, apical and subapical setae present; metatarsal dorsolateral sulci narrow, shallow, median surface broad. Microsculpture of vertex shallow isodiametric sculpticells in rows; pronotal disc with shallow transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 3 × length, to transverse lines not connected into mesh; pronotal median base glossy, obsolete transverse mesh between punctures; elytral disc and apex with shallow transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 –4× length; metasternum with transverse mesh; laterobasal abdominal ventrites with swirling isodiametric and transverse microsculpture. Coloration of vertex rufobrunneous; antennomere 1 flavous, antennomeres 2-3 rufoflavous, 4-11 rufobrunneous; pronotal disc rufobrunneous with piceous cast, lateral margins, apex, and base rufoflavous; proepipleuron flavous, proepisternum rufobrunneous with piceous cast; elytral epipleuron dorsally flavous, ventrally rufoflavous, metepisternum rufobrunneous with piceous cast; abdomen with ventrites 1-2 medially, and 3-5 mediobasally rufopiceous, ventrites 3-6 apical and marginally rufoflavous; metafemur flavous; metatibia flavous with brunneous cast.</p><p>Female reproductive tract. The lone female holotype was not dissected.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Female (NMNH) labeled: HI:Maui Koolau / F.R. Kula Pipeline Rd. / N20°48.58', W156°14.30', / 18-V-2003 lot09 el. 1305m / pyr. fog log D.A. Polhemus // HOLOTYPE / Mecyclothorax / patulus / Liebherr / det. J.K. Liebherr 2015 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The Latin adjective patulus means open, spread out, or broad (Brown 1956), signifying the short, broad body of these beetles.</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax patulus is known only from an ‘Ōhi‘a Wet Forest site uphill from the junction of the Kula Pipeline and Waikamoi Flume Roads (Fig. 64). The type specimen was found in a pyrethrin fog sample of a downed ‘ōhi‘a log covered with moss.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/84ED6BB059E71BCFA9897014E9D2B0F2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
4F2AE802D11B6929DF8D7C04508B3352.text	4F2AE802D11B6929DF8D7C04508B3352.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax patagiatus	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(045) Mecyclothorax patagiatus sp. n. Figs 60C, 61 A–B, 64</p><p>Diagnosis .</p><p>This, the third Haleakalā Mecyclothorax ovipennis group species to display bicolored elytra (Fig. 60C), can be diagnosed by the following combination: 1, discal elytral striae 1-6 rufobrunneous with piceous cast, intervals 7-9 contrastedly rufoflavous; 2, pronotal disc also rufobrunneous with piceous cast, pronotal margins rufoflavous; 3, parascutellar seta present; 4, subapical elytral seta present, apical seta absent; 5, pronotal lateral margins slightly divergent from hind obtuse hind angles; 6, elytral humeri broadly rounded, the elytra broadly subquadrate, MEW/HuW = 2.0. Criteria 1, 5, and 6 diagnose this species from both Mecyclothorax subtilis and Mecyclothorax patulus, whereas criteria 2, 3, and 4 diagnose this species from Mecyclothorax subtilis . The pronotum of the unique holotype has the basal pronotal seta present on the right side, with the left hind angle glabrous (specimen examined at 125 ×), obviating use of this character in the diagnosis. Setal formula 2 1-2 2 1[sae]. Standardized body length 3.8 mm (slightly larger than both preceding species).</p><p>Description</p><p>(n = 1). Head capsule with frontal grooves broad near clypeus, lateral carina to anterior supraorbital seta; dorsal surface of neck flat; eyes moderately convex, ocular ratio = 1.43, ocular lobe ratio 0.78; labral anterior margin broadly emarginate to 1/6 of length; antennae filiform, antennomeres 2-3 with sparse pelage of short setae; mentum tooth with sides acute, apex tightly rounded. Pronotum transverse, MPW/PL = 1.30, base moderately constricted, MPW/BPW = 1.50; hind angle obtuse, margin behind rounded; median base moderately depressed, ~20 punctures or strigose wrinkles each side; basal margin convexly expanded between laterobasal depressions; median longitudinal impression evident, finely incised, joined by fine transverse wrinkles; anterior transverse impression deep, finely incised, minute irregularities in deepest part; anterior callosity elevated, flat, crossed by indistinct longitudinal wrinkles; front angles projected, broadly rounded; apical and basal pronotal widths subequal, APW/BPW = 1.03; lateral marginal depression moderate, edge upturned, broader at front angle; laterobasal depression narrowly concave, continuous with lateral depression. Proepisternum with 5 minute punctures along hind marginal groove; prosternal process narrowly impressed medially, lateral margins broadly beaded between coxae. Elytra with disc flat, sides moderately sloped; basal groove slightly recurved to broadly rounded humerus; parascutellar striole with 3-4 punctures, shallow between punctures; sutural interval coplanar with lateral intervals basally, upraised in apical half; sutural and 2nd striae of subequal depth and breadth from base to apex; discal striae 1-5 broad, deep, stria 6 shallower and more irregular, stria 7 shallower still; sutural stria deep, finely punctate basally, deep, narrow, and smooth apically; striae 2-4 with minute punctures on disc, punctures shallower in stria 5, linear irregularities in stria 6; discal intervals 2-4 convex, lateral intervals less so; 8th interval slightly more convex than fused apical portion of striae 5 + 7; 2 dorsal elytral setae at 0.27 × and 0.54 × elytral length, setal impressions small, spanning ½ width of interval 3; lateral elytral setae arranged in anterior series of 6 setae, posterior series of 5 setae; elytral marginal depression narrow, margin little upturned in basal half, beadlike near subapical sinuation; subapical sinuation very shallow, nearly obsolete. Mesepisternum with ~6 punctures in 1-2 rows; metepisternal width to length ratio = 0.80; metepisternum/metepimeron suture distinct. Abdomen with irregular lateral wrinkles in ventrites 1-5, lateral depressions in ventrites 3-6; suture between ventrites 2 and 3 complete; apical male ventrite with 2 marginal setae. Legs-metatarsomere 1/metatibial length ratio = 0.19; metatarsomere 4 length along outer lobe 1.3 × medial tarsomere length, apical and subapical setae present; metatarsal dorsolateral sulci narrow, shallow, median surface broad. Microsculpture of vertex with evident isodiametric sculpticells in transverse rows; pronotal disc with shallow transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 3 × length, to transverse lines; pronotal median base with shallow transverse mesh laterally, median area glossy; elytral disc with evident transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 –4× length, apex with more distinct transverse mesh of same dimensions; metasternum with transverse mesh; laterobasal abdominal ventrites with swirling isodiametric and transverse microsculpture. Coloration of vertex rufobrunneous; antennomere 1 flavous, antennomeres 2-3 rufoflavous; 4-11 rufobrunneous; pronotal disc rufobrunneous with piceous cast, margins rufoflavous; proepipleuron rufoflavous, proepisternum rufobrunneous with piceous cast; elytral sutural interval concolorous with disc basally, rufoflavous apically; elytral epipleuron dorsally flavous, ventrally rufoflavous; metepisternum rufobrunneous; abdomen with ventrites 1-2 medially, 3-5 mediobasally rufopiceous, 3-6 apically and marginally rufoflavous, apical ventrite 6 with apical ¾ paler, flavous; metafemur flavous; metatibia flavous with brunneous cast.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 1). Aedeagal median lobe robust, distance between parameral articulation and tip 3.2 × depth at midlength (Fig. 61A); extension of apex beyond ostial opening parallel sided at base and evenly narrowed dorsoventrally to tightly rounded tip; median lobe curved sinuously leftward toward apex in ventral view, the right margin distinctly concave, left margin convex (Fig. 61B); internal sac without ornamentation, flagellar plate elongate, length of sclerotized plate 0.54 × parameral articulation-tip distance.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Male (CUIC) dissected and labeled: HI: E.Maui, Kuhiwa / 2950 ft.,10June1999 / Cibotium chamissois / Dead fronds // C. Ewing Coll. / 20°46'25"N / 156°06'04"W // HOLOTYPE / Mecyclothorax / patagiatus / Liebherr / det. J.K. Liebherr 2015 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The Latin stem for this species epithet is patagium; i.e. a gold edging or border (Brown 1956). The adjectival form patagiatus signifies the pale elytral border of beetles of this species.</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax patagiatus is known from 900 m elevation in the Kuhiwa Valley of the Hanawī windward face of Haleakalā (Fig. 64). The type specimen was collected from dead Cibotium ( hāpu‘u) tree fern fronds along with one specimen each of Bembidion haleakalae Liebherr, Mecyclothorax mauiae (Fig. 71), and Mecyclothorax bacrionis (Fig. 112).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4F2AE802D11B6929DF8D7C04508B3352	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
0C4ABC92293F23AEADBDB7448130EB2E.text	0C4ABC92293F23AEADBDB7448130EB2E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax strigosus	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(046) Mecyclothorax strigosus sp. n. Figs 60D, 62A, 63A, 64</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>This species (Fig. 60D) plus Mecyclothorax ovipennis (Fig. 65A) and Mecyclothorax flaviventris (Fig. 68C) comprise the three species in this group with the largest, most convex eyes; ocular ratio = 1.55-1.57 in this species. Of these, both Mecyclothorax ovipennis and this species are characterized by impunctate discal striae 1-4. This species (Fig. 60D) can be told from Mecyclothorax ovipennis (Fig. 65A) by the narrower body with more basally constricted pronotum, MPW/BPW = 1.56-1.67, and more narrowly ellipsoid elytra. Moreover, this is the only one of the three with glabrous hind pronotal angles, and without any apical elytral setae; setal formula 2 1 2 0. Standardized body length 4.3-4.7 mm.</p><p>Description</p><p>(n = 2). Head capsule with frontal grooves broad near clypeus, lateral carina to anterior supraorbital seta; dorsal surface of neck flat; ocular lobe distinctly protruded from gena, eyes large, ocular lobe ratio = 0.79-0.80; labral anterior margin very shallowly emarginate medially; antennae filiform, antennomeres 2-3 with sparse pelage of short setae; mentum tooth with sides acute, apex broadly rounded. Pronotum appearing elongate, MPW/PL = 1.11-1.18; hind angle right, lateral margin straight, subparallel to slightly convergent anterad hind angle; median base only slightly depressed, ~15 densely distributed punctures each side extended to laterobasal depression; basal margin nearly straight across base; median longitudinal impression very shallow, finely incised; anterior transverse impression very shallow, broad, crossed by longitudinal wrinkles; anterior callosity nearly flat, crossed by indistinct wrinkles; front angles not projected, tightly rounded; pronotal apical width greater than basal width, APW/BPW = 1.09-1.16; lateral marginal depression very narrow throughout length, edge tightly upturned; laterobasal depression depressed, punctate surface continuous with median base. Proepisternum with 5 minute punctures along hind marginal groove; prosternal process with narrow median impression, lateral margins broadly beaded between coxae. Elytra with disc flat, sides steeply sloped to depressed lateral margins and apex; basal groove briefly, distinctly recurved to angulate humerus; parascutellar seta present; parascutellar striole with 4-5 punctures, shallow, continuous between punctures; sutural interval more convex than intervals 2-4, but sutural juncture still depressed; sutural stria shallow, with minute punctulae basally, slightly deeper and more well defined than 2nd stria on disc, the two of subequal depth apically; discal striae 2-4 shallow, smooth, striae 5-6 obsolete but traceable, stria 7 absent; discal intervals 2-4 only slightly convex to nearly flat, lateral intervals flat; 8th interval of similar convexity to fused apical portion of striae 5 + 7; 2 dorsal elytral setae at 0.30 –0.31× and 0.61 –0.66× elytral length, setal impressions very small, spanning 1/3 of interval 3; lateral elytral setae arranged in anterior series of 7 setae, and posterior series of 6 setae; elytral marginal depression narrow, margin upturned, beaded only at subapical sinuation; subapical sinuation shallow, more abruptly incurved anteriorly. Mesepisternum with ~7 punctures in 2 rows; metepisternal width to length ratio = 0.72; metepisternum/metepimeron suture distinct. Abdomen with irregular lateral wrinkles on ventrites 1-3, lateral depressions on ventrites 3-6; suture between ventrites 2 and 3 reduced laterally, effaced; apical female ventrite with 4 equally spaced setae plus median trapezoid of 4 setae, the basal pair longer. Legs-metatarsomere 1/metatibial length ratio = 0.18; metatarsomere 4 length along outer lobe 1.25 × medial tarsomere length, apical and subapical setae present; metatarsal dorsolateral sulci narrow, shallow, median area broad. Microsculpture of vertex and pronotal disc a transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 –3× length; pronotal median base with transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 × length, between punctures; elytral disc and apex with isodiametric to transverse sculpticells, sculpticell breadth 2 × length, in transverse rows; metasternum with distinct transverse mesh; laterobasal abdominal ventrites with swirling isodiametric and transverse microsculpture. Coloration of vertex rufobrunneous; antennomere 1-3 flavous, 4-11 darker, more brunneous; pronotal disc rufobrunneous with piceous cast, the lateral margins moderately, and base and apex broadly, rufoflavous; proepipleuron rufoflavous, proepisternum rufobrunneous with piceous cast; elytral disc dark, rufobrunneous to rufopiceous; sutural interval rufobrunneous basally, flavous in apical 1/3; elytral intervals 7-9 slightly paler than disc, rufoflavous basally, flavous apically; elytral epipleuron flavous, metepisternum rufobrunneous with piceous cast; abdomen with ventrite 1 (plus metepimeron) rufobrunneous, ventrites 2-3 and middle of ventrites 4-5 rufopiceous; abdominal apical ventrite with apical 2/3 flavous; metafemur flavous; metatibia flavous with brunneous cast.</p><p>Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix columnar with apical expansion, length 1.0 mm, apical expansion breadth 0.46 mm, basal breadth 0.34 mm (Fig. 62A); bursal shaft translucent, thinly wrinkled, apex more transparent, less wrinkled; gonocoxite 1 with 3 apical fringe setae, the middle seta more robust, a larger seta at apicomedial angle and 12-13 smaller setae basally on medial surface (Fig. 63A); gonocoxite 2 falcate with subacuminate apex, base extended laterally as sinuous panhandle, 2 lateral ensiform setae, apical nematiform setae on medial surface at 0.75 × gonocoxite length.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Female (CUIC) labeled: HI: Maui Haleakala N.P. / Kipahulu west rim ESE / Kuiki, sift humus ex ohia / 15-V-1993 lot 02 / el. 1850 m / J.K. Liebherr &amp; / A.C. Medeiros / Collectors // 2 // HOLOTYPE / Mecyclothorax / strigosus / Liebherr / det. J.K. Liebherr 2015 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Paratype.</p><p>Female (CUIC) dissected, with same label as holotype except “1” instead of “2.”</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The Latin adjectival strigosus, meaning thin, signifies the narrow body shape characteristic of this species.</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax strigosus has only been encountered in ‘Ōhi‘a Montane Wet Forest ESE of Kuiki at 1850 m elevation (Fig. 64). The two specimens were found in a litter sample sifted from humus surrounding the bases of large ‘ōhi‘a trees. The forest also included Cheirodendron ('ōlapa) and Leptecophylla tameiameiae (pūkiawe). The sample containing specimens of Mecyclothorax strigosus also included specimens of Mecyclothorax antaeus, Mecyclothorax consanguineus, Mecyclothorax mauiae, Mecyclothorax ovipennis, and Mecyclothorax pau .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0C4ABC92293F23AEADBDB7448130EB2E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
7DCB2BB24DE924632869E6EF962B8732.text	7DCB2BB24DE924632869E6EF962B8732.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax ovipennis Sharp	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(047) Mecyclothorax ovipennis Sharp Figs 61 C–E, 62B, 63B, 65A, 66</p><p>Mecyclothorax ovipennis Sharp 1903: 250; Britton 1948b: 145; Swezey 1954: 27, 53 (biology); Liebherr 2005b: 109.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Among Haleakalā Mecyclothorax (Fig. 65A), this is most similar to the preceding, Mecyclothorax strigosus (Fig. 60D) based on the well-developed eyes, ocular ratio = 1.55-1.61 and ocular lobe ratio = 0.84-0.89, plus basally constricted pronotum and ellipsoid elytra. They can be separated by the setal conformation, with this species characterized by a quadrisetose pronotum, and presence of the apical elytral seta; setal formula 2 2 2 1[ae]. This species is characterized by the same setal formula as Mecyclothorax flaviventris, but individuals of that species exhibit punctate discal striae (Fig. 68C). Standardized body length 3.7-4.9 mm.</p><p>Identification</p><p>(n = 5). The pronotum is very cordate in this species, MPW/BPW = 1.46-1.59, with the lateral margin subparallel to convergent for 0.2 × the pronotal length anterad the projected, right to acute hind angles. The pronotum appears elongate, but is actually slightly transverse; MPW/PL = 1.08-1.21. The surface of the pronotal disc, and anterior transverse impression and associated callosity are irregularly wrinkled. Of the elytral striae, only sutural stria 1 is moderately deep basally, with elongate punctures that expand the stria basally, the stria smooth and deep apically. Striae 2-4 are shallower on the disc, striae 5-7 progressively shallower, and striae 6-7 discontinuous. At the elytral apex, stria 2 is of subequal depth to the sutural stria, fused striae 3 + 4 and 7 are present, and the apices of striae 5 and 6 are shallow but traceable. The vertex bears isodiametric and transverse sculpticells in transverse rows, the transverse sculpticells 2 –3× broad as long. The pronotal and elytral discs are covered with transverse-mesh microsculpture, sculpticell breadth 1.5 –3× length; the pronotal base has a shallow transverse mesh between glossy portions of the cuticle.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 8). Aedeagal median lobe gracile, distance between parameral articulation and tip 4 × depth at midlength (Fig. 61C); apex well extended beyond apex of ostial opening, dorsal surface of projection broadly convex, then flattened dorsad tightly rounded tip, ventral margin slightly concave due to downward curvature of tip (Figs 61 C–D); median lobe not curved in ventral view, though left margin distinctly incurved to apical extension, and right margin concave before apex (Fig. 61E); internal sac broader near flagellar plate, covered with well-developed pelage of microspicules, the spicules densest on ventral surface forming a poorly developed ventral ostial microtrichial patch (Fig. 61D); flagellar plate moderately elongate, length 0.42 × parameral articulation-tip distance.</p><p>Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix columnar, subdivided into broader basal portion and slightly narrower apical lobe, overall length 0.91 mm, breadth 0.31 mm (Fig. 62B); bursal walls diaphanous, very thin and with indistinct wrinkles; gonocoxite 1 with 4-5 apical fringe setae, a curved seta just basad apicomedial angle, and 8-10 smaller setae on medial margin, setae subequally divided between ventral and dorsal surfaces (Fig. 63B); gonocoxite 2 falcate with tightly rounded apex, base extended laterally into sinuous panhandle, 2 subequal lateral ensiform setae, apical nematiform setae on medial surface at 0.68 × gonocoxite length.</p><p>Lectotype.</p><p>Female (BMNH) designated by Liebherr (2005b: 110). Type locality Haleakala, 4500-6000 ft., III-1894 (R.C.L.P. lot 383; Anonymous N D).</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax ovipennis is among the most broadly distributed Mecyclothorax species on Haleakalā (Fig. 66). It requires, at the minimum, mesic forest conditions, being isolated at Polipoli Springs on the Kula face. It occurs along the eastern margin of Haleakalā Crater where mesic forest occurs. It is also at home in wetter forest situations throughout Waikamoi, Hanawī, Hāna Bogs, Kīpahulu Valley, and the Manawainui Planeze. It has been collected in habitats ranging 880-2134 m elevation. It has been found in association with a great diversity of plant species, including ferns ( Asplenium, Cibotium, Dicranopteris, and Sadleria), herbaceous secondarily woody shrubs ( Coprosma, Cyanea, Myrsine, Rubus, and Vaccinium) and emergent trees ( koa and ‘ōhi‘a). It is also commonly encountered in sifted litter.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7DCB2BB24DE924632869E6EF962B8732	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
BAD02644D7C728D485E515D8FB6BD3A9.text	BAD02644D7C728D485E515D8FB6BD3A9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax takumiae	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(048) Mecyclothorax takumiae sp. n. Figs 65B, 67</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Within the Mecyclothorax ovipennis group, this species (Fig. 65B) forms part of a triplet of species also including Mecyclothorax apicalis (Fig. 65C) and Mecyclothorax parapicalis (Fig. 65D) that are collectively diagnosed by glabrous, obtuse pronotal hind angles, shallow impunctate discal elytral striae, and concolorous elytral disc and margins. Of these, Mecyclothorax takumiae is characterized by the smallest body size, standardized body length 3.6 mm, and least developed microsculpture. The pronotal disc and median base are glossy with obsolete transverse-mesh microsculpture and parallel lines over portions of the cuticle, whereas the elytral disc has a shallow mesh of isodiametric and transverse sculpticells, breadth 2 –3× length. Both Mecyclothorax apicalis and Mecyclothorax parapicalis have well-developed sculpticells covering those areas. Setal formula 2 1 2(1) 0; the right elytron has both dorsal elytral setae, whereas the left has only a seta at the anterior position of the right elytron. As the bisetose condition is shared with Mecyclothorax apicalis and Mecyclothorax parapicalis, the unisetose elytron is considered a variant.</p><p>Description</p><p>(n = 1). Head capsule with frontal grooves broad near clypeus, lateral carina to anterior supraorbital seta; dorsal surface of neck flat; eyes moderately developed, ocular ratio = 1.45, ocular lobe ratio = 0.80; labral anterior margin medially emarginate, medially excavated 1/6 of length; antennae filiform, antennomeres 2-3 with only 1 or 2 short setae on shafts; mentum tooth with sides acute, apex rounded. Pronotum slightly transverse, MPW/PL = 1.21, moderately constricted basally, MPW/BPW = 1.53; hind angle obtuse, margin behind rounded; median base markedly depressed versus disc, ~9 punctures each side, surface glossy between; basal margin convexly expanded between laterobasal depressions; median longitudinal impression shallow, finely incised, crossed by fine transverse wrinkles; anterior transverse impression narrow, shallowly incised laterally, obsolete medially; anterior callosity slightly convex, smooth, glossy; front angles not to slightly projected, tightly rounded; pronotal apical and basal width equal, APW/BPW = 1.0; lateral marginal depression narrow through apical 1/3 of length, edge upturned, widened in basal 1/3; laterobasal depression narrow, surface irregular, continuous with lateral depression. Proepisternum with 5 minute punctures along hind margin; prosternal process with narrow median impression, lateral margins broadly beaded between coxae. Elytra subquadrate, disc flat, sides distinctly sloped; basal groove evenly recurved to subangulate (left) to tightly rounded (right) humerus, MEW/HuW = 2.04; parascutellar seta present; parascutellar striole with 4 punctures, shallow between punctures; sutural interval slightly more convex than lateral intervals, upraised at sutural juncture; sutural stria shallow, continuous basally, punctate on disc, smooth and deep apically; striae 2-6 progressively shallower, smooth, stria 7 obsolete; stria 1 subequal to slightly deeper than stria 2 at elytral apex; elytral interval 2 slightly convex, intervals 3-7 progressively flatter; 8th interval subcarinate laterad fused apical portion of striae 5 + 7; 2 dorsal elytral setae at 0.31 × and 0.63 × elytral length (right elytron), setal impressions moderate, spanning 2/3 of interval 3; apical and subapical setae absent; lateral elytral setae arranged in anterior series of 6 setae and posterior series of 6 setae; elytral marginal depression slightly broader at humerus, narrowed laterally, beadlike at subapical sinuation; subapical sinuation shallow, more abruptly incurved anteriorly. Mesepisternum with ~8 punctures in 1-2 rows; metepisternal width to length ratio = 0.65; metepisternum/metepimeron suture distinct. Abdomen with irregular lateral wrinkles on ventrites 1-6; suture between ventrites 2 and 3 complete; apical female ventrite with 4 equally spaced setae plus a median trapezoid of 4 subequal, short setae. Legs-metatarsomere 1/metatibial length ratio = 0.18; metatarsomere 4 length along outer lobe 1.33 × medial tarsomere length, apical and subapical setae present; metatarsal dorsolateral sulci narrow, shallow, median area broad. Microsculpture of vertex a shallow transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 –3× length; elytral apex with transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 –3× length; metasternum with transverse mesh; laterobasal abdominal ventrites with swirling isodiametric and transverse microsculpture. Coloration of vertex rufobrunneous with piceous cast; antennomeres 1-3 flavous, 4-11 darker, more brunneous; pronotal disc rufopiceous, lateral margins concolorous, base and apex paler, rufoflavous; proepipleuron rufoflavous, proepisternum rufobrunneous with piceous cast; elytral disc rufopiceous, sutural interval rufous in basal half, flavous in apical half; 9th elytral interval and lateral marginal depression rufous, apex of intervals 8 and 9 flavous; elytral epipleuron dorsally flavous, ventrally rufoflavous, metepisternum rufopiceous; abdomen with ventrites 1-5 and the base of 6 rufopiceous, apical 1/3 of apical ventrite 6 flavous; metafemur flavous; metatibia flavous with brunneous cast.</p><p>Female reproductive tract. The lone female holotype was not dissected.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Female (BPBM) labeled: HAWAII: Maui I. / Haleakala Crater / Paliku, 1950 m / 1 JUL 1998 // R. Takumi, coll. / HALE-RM / ex. pitfall trap // HOLOTYPE / Mecyclothorax / takumiae / Liebherr / det. J.K. Liebherr 2015 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Raina Takumi Kahaloa‘a has provided numerous specimens for this revision, most often from difficult to access natural areas, and from months of the year with very few other records. Thus it is a pleasure to honor her contributions to Mecyclothorax diversity by naming this species in her honor.</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>The type specimen was collected at 1950 m elevation in a pitfall trap near Paliku Cabin. The site lies in the mesic eastern end of Haleakalā Crater, and it receives windward moisture wafting over the highest elevations of Kīpahulu Valley to the east (Fig. 67).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BAD02644D7C728D485E515D8FB6BD3A9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
FAEC3618C715613BA3114BA5B5C8E8C8.text	FAEC3618C715613BA3114BA5B5C8E8C8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax apicalis (Sharp)	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(049) Mecyclothorax apicalis (Sharp) Figs 61 F–H, 62C, 63C, 65C, 67</p><p>Thriscothorax apicalis Sharp 1903: 264; Britton 1948b: 150.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>This species and Mecyclothorax parapicalis share: 1, evident microsculpture, isodiametric to transverse, on the vertex and pronotal disc; 2, divergent pronotal lateral margins anterad obtuse, glabrous hind angles; 3, shallow, impunctate discal elytral intervals that are of similar color to lateral elytral intervals 7-9. The pronotum is more basally constricted in individuals of this species-MPW/BPW = 1.46-1.54-and more transverse-MPW/PL = 1.26-1.33-than in beetles comprising Mecyclothorax parapicalis (Fig. 65 C–D). The elytra are also narrower basally, with the lateral margins little extended laterally behind the tightly rounded humeri (Fig. 65C). The male aedeagal median lobe is distinctively different from that of Mecyclothorax parapicalis, with the apex sinuously recurved with an expanded, spoonlike tip (Figs 61F, G). Individuals of this species vary in the degree of punctation in the discal elytral striae. The striae vary from smooth, impunctate, to more irregular due to the presence of elongate punctulae (Fig. 65C). This variation is taken into account in the dichotomous key above. Setal formula 2 1 2 0. Standardized body length 4.0-4.2 mm.</p><p>Identification</p><p>(n = 5). Characters of the pronotum can assist identification, with the median base depressed relative to the disc, the surface strigose laterally and sparsely punctate medially. The anterior transverse impression is shallow, broad, with sparse longitudinal wrinkles behind. The laterobasal depression is slightly convex medially, and depressed laterally and basally along the beaded pronotal margin. On the elytra, the narrower elytral base is associated with a very narrow marginal depression at the humeri, with the narrow marginal depression concolorous with the elytral intervals. Overall, the body coloration is dark: 1, vertex rufobrunneous with piceous cast; 2, pronotal and elytral disc rufopiceous; 3, elytral apex narrowly flavous along margins (Fig. 65C). The frons and vertex bear well-developed isodiametric sculpticells in transverse rows. The pronotal disc is covered with isodiametric to slightly transverse sculpticells in transverse rows, the isodiametric microsculpture on the median base more upraised, again arranged in transverse rows.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 4). Aedeagal median lobe slender, distance between parameral articulation and tip 5 × depth at midlength (Fig. 61F); apex sinuously extended beyond apex of ostial opening, dorsoventrally expanded near bluntly rounded tip; median lobe straight overall in ventral view, the apex offset to right relative to the shaft, tip blunt (Fig. 61H); internal sac with ventral ostial microtrichial patch, flagellar plate very small, length 0.24 × parameral articulation-tip distance (Fig. 61G).</p><p>Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix columnar, elongate, length 0.91 mm, breadth 0.39 mm (Fig. 62C); bursal walls moderately thick, wrinkled; gonocoxite 1 with 1-2 apical fringe setae, and only 2-4 very small setae on medial half of gonocoxite (Fig. 63C); gonocoxite 2 broadly triangular with laterally curved apex, base with broad lateral extension, 2 lateral ensiform setae with apical seta broader and longer (a minute third, basal ensiform seta present unilaterally), apical nematiform setae on medial surface at 0.68 × gonocoxite length.</p><p>Lectotype.</p><p>Female (BMNH) hereby designated, labeled: Thriscothorax apicalis Type D.S. Haleakala Perkins 254 // Type // Hawaiian Is. Perkins 1904-336. // LECTOTYPE Thriscothorax apicalis Sharp J.K. Liebherr 1998 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax apicalis is a species of open Deschampsia nubigena (hairgrass) grasslands, both along the upper northwest slope and in Haleakalā Crater (Fig. 67). Beetles have been found in the moist soil of bunchgrass tufts, and by pitfall trapping. Although the species has been collected recently across its range, the Argentine Ant, Linepitheme humile (Mayr), represents a threat to persistence of its populations when the two are sympatric, as they are on the northwest slope. Ant presence has been shown to have a statistically significant negative effect on beetle abundance in that situation (Liebherr and Krushelnycky 2007).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FAEC3618C715613BA3114BA5B5C8E8C8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
716C0F2FF5931E7B5E76D44F579C5B21.text	716C0F2FF5931E7B5E76D44F579C5B21.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax parapicalis	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(050) Mecyclothorax parapicalis sp. n. Figs 61I, 65D, 67</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Like Mecyclothorax apicalis, but the body is broader at the elytral base, and the elytral lateral margins are slightly extended laterally behind the humeri, the humeral angle defined by a slight hitch at the base of the moderately broad lateral marginal depression (Fig. 65D). The microsculpture on the forebody is more transverse, with: 1, a shallow transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 –3× length on the vertex; 2, transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 3 × length, to transverse lines on the pronotal disc; and 3, evident isodiametric and transverse sculpticells over the pronotal median base. The male aedeagal median lobe exhibits a rhomboidal apex, with the apical and ventral margins meeting at an acute angle (Fig. 61I).</p><p>Setal formula 2 1 2 0. Standardized body length-3.8-3.9 mm-is slightly smaller than that of Mecyclothorax apicalis; length 4.0-4.2 for that species.</p><p>Description</p><p>(n = 3). Head capsule with frontal grooves broad near clypeus, a broad lateral carina to anterior supraorbital seta; dorsal surface of neck flat to slightly concave; eyes moderately convex but covering much of ocular lobe, ocular ratio = 1.41-1.46, ocular lobe ratio = 0.82-0.84; labral anterior margin medially emarginate 1/6 of length; antennae submoniliform, antennomeres 2-3 with sparse pelage of short setae; mentum tooth with sides acute, apex tightly rounded. Pronotum transverse, MPW/PL = 1.28-1.36, broad basally, MPW/BPW = 1.41-1.45; hind angle slightly obtuse, margin rounded behind or not, lateral margin subparallel or slightly divergent immediately anterad angle; median base slightly depressed relative to disc, smoother medially, laterally punctate, longitudinal wrinkles lining juncture with disc; basal margin broadly, slightly convex between laterobasal depressions; median longitudinal impression very shallow, finely incised; anterior transverse impression deep, finely incised, shallower at midline; anterior callosity slightly convex, smooth, glossy; front angles slightly produced, tightly rounded; pronotal apical width slightly narrower than basal width, APW/BPW = 0.93-0.97; lateral marginal depression narrow throughout, edge beaded except where slightly broader at front angles; laterobasal depression broadly convex between median base and hind angle. Proepisternum with 5 minute punctures along hind marginal groove; prosternal process with narrow median impression, margins beaded between coxae. Elytra subquadrate, disc flat, sides distinctly sloped; basal groove distinctly recurved inside humeral angle; elytra broadest behind midlength and humeri extended laterally in concert with broad pronotal base, MEW/HuW = 1.95-2.0; parascutellar seta present; parascutellar striole with 5 punctures, shallow but continuous between punctures; sutural interval flat in basal half, progressively elevated along suture to apex; sutural and 2nd striae of subequal depth from base to apex; discal striae 1-4 smooth, shallow, striae 5-6 shallower, traceable, stria 7 absent; discal elytral intervals 2-6 only slightly convex to nearly flat on lateral intervals; 8th interval slightly more convex than apical fused portion of striae 5 + 7; 2 dorsal elytral setae at 0.32 × and 0.67 × elytral length, setal impressions small, spanning ½ width of interval 3; apical and subapical setae absent; lateral elytral setae arranged in anterior series of 7 setae and posterior series of 6 setae; elytral marginal depression of moderate breadth at humerus, narrowed laterad posterior setal series, margin upturned except beaded at subapical sinuation; subapical sinuation shallow, more abruptly incurved anteriorly. Mesepisternum with ~6 punctures in 1-2 rows; metepisternal width to length ratio = 0.75; metepisternum/metepimeron suture distinct. Abdomen with irregular lateral wrinkles on ventrites 1-5, and lateral depressions on ventrites 3-6; suture between ventrites 2 and 3 reduced laterally, effaced; apical male ventrite with 2 marginal setae. Legs-metatarsomere 1/metatibial length ratio = 0.19; metatarsomere 4 length along outer lobe 1.33 × medial tarsomere length, apical and subapical setae present; metatarsal dorsolateral sulci narrow, shallow, median area broad. Microsculpture of elytral disc consisting of distinct isodiametric and transverse sculpticells arranged in a mesh, elytral apex with transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 × length; metasternum with distinct transverse mesh; laterobasal abdominal ventrites with swirling isodiametric and transverse microsculpture. Coloration of vertex rufobrunneous; antennomeres 1-3 rufoflavous, 4-11 darker, brunneous; pronotal disc rufobrunneous with piceous cast, lateral margins, base, and apex narrowly rufobrunneous; proepipleuron rufoflavous, proepisternum rufobrunneous; elytral disc rufobrunneous with slightly metallic reflection, sutural interval concolorous basally, rufoflavous apically; intervals 7-8 inside humeral angle plus lateral marginal depression rufoflavous; elytral apex contrastedly flavous from apical terminus of interval 4; elytral epipleuron dorsally rufoflavous, ventrally rufobrunneous, metepisternum rufobrunneous; abdomen with ventrites 1-6 medially rufopiceous, ventrites 3-6 laterally rufoflavous, abdominal apical ventrite with apical 1/6 paler, flavous; metafemur flavous; metatibia flavous with brunneous cast.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 1). Aedeagal median lobe robust, distance between parameral articulation and tip 3.8 × depth at midlength (Fig. 61I); apex trapezoidal, with flat apical face and angled ventral margin meeting at tightly rounded tip; internal sac with diffusely developed dorsal ostial microtrichial patch, flagellar plate short, length 0.3 × parameral articulation-tip distance.</p><p>Holotype .</p><p>Male (BPBM) labeled: HAWAII: E. Maui I: / Haleakala Nat. Park / Haleakala Crater / 2134 m 1.VIII.1973 / Deschampsia nubigena / W.C. Gagné Coll. / BISHOP Museum // Mecyclothorax / parapicalis / ♂ photo / det. J.K. Liebherr 2014 // HOLOTYPE / Mecyclothorax / parapicalus / Liebherr / det. J.K. Liebherr 2015 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Paratypes.</p><p>Same data as holotype (BPBM, 1; CUIC, 1)</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The similarity of this species to Mecyclothorax apicalis makes the species epithet parapicalis appropriate; the adjectival epithet meaning like apicalis</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>The distribution of Mecyclothorax parapicalis is completing subsumed by that of the very similar appearing species Mecyclothorax apicalis (Fig. 67). This species is known only from three specimens collected by Dr. Wayne Gagné in association with Deschampsia nubigena (hairgrass) in the vicinity of Holua Cabin. The specimens were collected during August, whereas all specimens of the closely related Mecyclothorax apicalis have been collected in March, April, June, July, and October.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/716C0F2FF5931E7B5E76D44F579C5B21	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
AEC1E67F27CFF21C12ED9A02FE519A92.text	AEC1E67F27CFF21C12ED9A02FE519A92.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax mauiae	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(051) Mecyclothorax mauiae sp. n. Figs 62 D–E, 63D, 68A, 69, 71</p><p>Diagnosis .</p><p>Among the assemblage of Mecyclothorax ovipennis group species with punctate discal elytral striae and concolorous elytral intervals, this and the next species, Mecyclothorax subternus, stand out due to their broadly ellipsoid to obovoid elytra (Fig. 68 A–B). The pronotum characterizing these species is also very constricted basally-MPW/BPW = 1.58-1.72 for this species-with a minutely punctate, glossy median base. Mecyclothorax mauiae can be diagnosed from Mecyclothorax subternus by the better developed microsculpture: 1, vertex with evident transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 × length; and 2, pronotal and elytral discs and elytral apex with transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 –3× length. The eyes also tend to be less convex and slightly smaller than in Mecyclothorax subternus, with ocular ratio = 1.43-1.50, and ocular lobe ratio = 0.75-0.79 in this species. The final arbiter for any identification involving a male specimen is the apex of the aedeagal median lobe, with the apex always rounded in male of this species (Fig. 69) versus acuminate in Mecyclothorax subternus (Fig. 70 A–D). The degree of strial development varies among individuals of this species, potentially allowing specimens of this species to be confused with those of Mecyclothorax nanunctus of the Mecyclothorax palustris group. That group is characterized by a less depressed apex on elytral stria 2; a character exhibiting some infraspecific variation. Specimens of Mecyclothorax mauiae always exhibit broader pronotal lateral marginal depressions, and more ellipsoid elytra than observed in individuals of Mecyclothorax nanunctus . As with Mecyclothorax subternus, examination of male genitalia will finalize the diagnosis, as the male aedeagal median lobe of Mecyclothorax nanunctus is much more elongate and gracile, with the apex terminated in narrowly projected tip (Fig. 153 D–J). Setal formula 2 1 2 0. Standardized body length 3.4-4.5 mm.</p><p>Description</p><p>(n = 5). Head capsule with frontal grooves broad near clypeus, lateral carina to supraorbital seta; dorsal surface of neck flat to slightly concave; labral anterior margin very shallowly emarginate medially; antennae filiform, antennomeres 2-3 with sparse pelage of short setae; mentum tooth with sides acute, apex rounded. Pronotum cordate, moderately transverse, MPW/PL = 1.23-1.27; hind angle right to slightly acute, lateral margin convergent just before angle; median base almost coplanar to slightly depressed relative to disc, ~12 sparsely distributed punctures each side; basal margin convexly expanded between laterobasal depressions; median longitudinal impression shallow, finely incised, crossed by fine transverse wrinkles; anterior transverse impression narrow, shallowly incised laterally, obsolete medially; anterior callosity slightly convex, smooth to slightly irregular due to fine wrinkles, surface glossy; front angles slightly projected, rounded; pronotal apical width greater than basal width, APW/BPW = 1.03-1.11; lateral marginal depression moderately narrow, edge beaded anterad lateral seta, broader at front angle, edge little upturned in basal half; laterobasal depression narrow and deep, continuous with lateral depression. Proepisternum with 5 minute punctures along hind marginal groove; prosternal process with narrow median impression, lateral margins broadly beaded between coxae. Elytra broadly obovoid, disc narrowly flat medially, sides steeply sloped; basal grooves briefly recurved to proximate humeral angles, the tightly rounded to subangulate angles defined by hitch at the base of the lateral marginal depression, MEW/HuW = 2.28-2.51; parascutellar seta present; parascutellar striole with 4 isolated punctures, striole may be discontinuous between adjacent punctures; sutural interval slightly more convex than lateral intervals, sutural juncture upraised; sutural stria shallow between deep, round punctures basally, smooth, moderately deep apically, 2nd stria shallower but also with rounded punctures on disc, shallower and broader apically, the two striae of subequal depth at elytral apex; discal striae 3-4 very shallow, punctate on disc, stria 5 very shallow, traceable, striae 6-7 obsolete, associated inner intervals slightly convex, lateral intervals flat; 8th interval convex, though striae are obsolete in that area of elytra; 2 dorsal elytral setae at 0.31 × and 0.56 –0.58× elytral length, setal impressions shallow, spanning ½ to 2/3 width of interval 3; apical and subapical setae absent; lateral elytral setae arranged in anterior series of 7 setae and posterior series of 6 setae; elytral marginal depression slightly broader at humerus, narrowed laterally and posteriorly to beadlike at subapical sinuation; subapical sinuation shallow, concavity symmetrical. Mesepisternum with ~8 punctures in 1-2 rows; metepisternal width to length ratio = 0.70; metepisternum/metepimeron suture distinct. Abdomen with irregular lateral wrinkles on ventrites 1-5, lateral depressions on ventrites 3-6; suture between ventrites 2 and 3 complete; apical male ventrite with 2 marginal setae; apical female ventrite with 4 equally spaced marginal setae and median trapezoid of 4, subequal, short setae. Legs-metatarsomere 1/metatibial length ratio = 0.18; metatarsomere 4 length along outer lobe 1.4 × medial tarsomere length, apical and subapical setae present; metatarsal dorsolateral sulci narrow, shallow, median area broad. Microsculpture of pronotal median base obsolete medially, the surface glossy, a transverse mesh present laterally between punctures; metasternum with shallow transverse mesh; laterobasal abdominal ventrites with swirl ing isodiametric and transverse microsculpture. Coloration of vertex rufobrunneous; antennomere 1 flavous, antennomeres 2-3 brunneous, 4-11 with piceous cast; pronotal disc rufobrunneous, lateral margins narrowly, and base and apex rufous; proepipleuron rufoflavous, proepisternum rufobrunneous; elytral disc rufobrunneous basally, apical half the same with piceous cast, sutural interval rufous throughout, intervals 8-9 rufoflavous, paler apically; elytral epipleuron dorsally rufoflavous, ventrally darker, metepisternum rufobrunneous; abdomen with ventrites 1-3 rufobrunneous, ventrites 4-5 darker, rufopiceous, apical ventrite 6 rufoflavous mediobasally, apical half flavous; metafemur flavous; metatibia flavous with brunneous cast.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 50). Aedeagal median lobe variably robust, distance between parameral articulation and tip 2.2 –3.3× depth at midlength (Fig. 69E, M), but apex always little extended beyond ostial opening, with tip broadly rounded (Fig. 69); median lobe symmetrical in ventral view, broadest at midlength of lobe shaft, evenly narrowed to blunt tip which lies on right side of apex (Fig. 69B); internal sac broad, of variable length (Fig. 69 H–J), sac length from ostium to base of flagellar plate 0.77 –1.1× parameral articulation-tip distance, surface unornamented except denser microspicules may occur on ventral surface (Fig. 69J); flagellar plate very large, length 0.60 –0.67× parameral articulation-tip distance.</p><p>Female reproductive tract (n = 2). Bursa copulatrix columnar, elongate, length 1.08-1.16 mm, breadth 0.33-0.36 mm, an apical lobe offset from basal portion by curved constriction, apical lobe 0.49 mm long (Fig. 62 D–E); bursal walls translucent with thick wrinkles; gonocoxite 1 with 3-4 apical fringe setae, the outermost setae of series smallest, and 5-8 smaller setae on medial surface (Fig. 63D); gonocoxite 2 falcate with tightly rounded tip, base with lateral panhandle extension with 90° bend at terminus, 2 lateral ensiform setae with apical seta longer and broader, apical nematiform setae on medial surface at 0.68 × gonocoxite length.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Male (CUIC) labeled: HI: Maui Haleakala NW / slope Waikamoi Flume / Waikamoi to Haipuaena / Gulches 11-IV-1991 / el. 1300 m J. Liebherr // under boards in / wet ohia rain / forest // HOLOTYPE / Mecyclothorax / mauiae / Liebherr / det. J.K. Liebherr 2015 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Paratypes.</p><p>817 specimens (see Appendix).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>This species’ similarity to Mecyclothorax molokaiae of Moloka‘i, suggests use of mauiae as the species epithet, the first declension genitive singular form to mean Maui’s Mecyclothorax .</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax mauiae is broadly distributed across the windward face of Haleakalā, including Kīpahulu Valley, Kaumakani Peak and the Manawainui Planeze (Fig. 71). Collection localities range 880-1830 m elevation. This species is found in association with a variety of plant substrates, with ‘ōhi‘a and Cibotium ( hāpu‘u) tree ferns most commonly associated with collections. Beetles have also been collected infrequently on koa trunks, and very commonly in sift samples of ‘ōhi‘a litter. Whereas the predominantly ground-dwelling species of the Mecyclothorax robustus and Mecyclothorax sobrinus species groups were trapped extensively in yellow-pan traps in the Waikamoi area (see above), only six specimens of Mecyclothorax mauiae were so trapped at one wet forest site (Kula Pipeline Road, 1183-1280 m elevation, vi-viii-2006, L. LeBlanc, UHIM).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AEC1E67F27CFF21C12ED9A02FE519A92	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
47A1C538FE83EA7E715FCB979FE2F656.text	47A1C538FE83EA7E715FCB979FE2F656.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax subternus	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(052) Mecyclothorax subternus sp. n. Figs 62F, 63E, 68B, 70 A–D, 71</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Individuals of this species (Fig. 68B) are nearly identical externally to those of Mecyclothorax mauiae (Fig. 68A), though the eyes tend to be larger and more convex; ocular ratio = 1.48-1.54, ocular lobe ratio = 0.79-0.82, and the dorsal surface is less sculptured; 1, vertex, pronotal disc and median base, and elytral disc glossy, microsculpture obsolete; 2, elytral apex with shallow to obsolete transverse mesh, the surface glossy; 3, metasternum with shallow transverse-mesh microsculpture. The male aedeagal median lobe certifies the identification, as the apex terminates in a pointed tip (Fig. 70 A–C) instead of the broadly rounded apex of Mecyclothorax mauiae (Fig. 69). Setal formula 2 1 2 0. Standardized body length 3.4-4.2 mm.</p><p>Description</p><p>(n = 5). The description of Mecyclothorax mauiae also serves for this species with the following substitutions. Pronotum slightly broader basally and more transverse than that of Mecyclothorax mauiae; MPW/BPW = 1.57-1.65, MPW/PL = 1.23-1.32. Pronotal lateral margin narrow, beaded, not wider at front angles. Discal elytral striae shallow between deep, rounded and nearly isolated punctures; discal elytral interval 2 slightly convex, intervals 3-4 nearly flat. Mesepisternum smooth, with 3-4 punctures arrayed in 1 row. Coloration pale (though single topotypic type series may include exclusively somewhat teneral individuals); vertex rufous; antennomere 1 flavous, antennomeres 2-3 rufoflavous, 4-11 brunneous; pronotal disc and margins pale rufous; elytral disc basally rufous, apically rufobrunneous, sutural interval basally rufoflavous, apically flavous; abdominal ventrites 1-5 mediobasally rufous, laterally and apically rufobrunneous; metafemur flavous with medial brunneous cloud.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 2). Aedeagal median lobe robust, distance between parameral articulation and tip 2.5 × depth at midlength (Fig. 70 A–C); apex little extended beyond ostial opening, tip acutely pointed; median lobe symmetrical in ventral view, right margin broadly concave, left margin incurved to blunt tip which is on right side of apex (Fig. 70D); internal sac very broad basally, with oblong ventral ostial microtrichial patch on right side (Fig. 70B); flagellar plate very large, length 0.67 × parameral articulation-tip distance.</p><p>Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix a broad sac, length 1.23 mm, maximum breadth in apical half 0.65 mm, breadth at vagina 0.34 mm (Fig. 62F); bursal walls translucent with thick wrinkles; gonocoxite 1 with 3 apical fringe setae, middle seta of series largest, 8 smaller setae along medial margin (Fig. 63E); gonocoxite 2 falcate with acuminate tip, base with sinuous lateral extension, 2 lateral ensiform setae with apical seta broader and longer, apical nematiform setae on medial surface at 0.72 × gonocoxite length.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Male (NMNH) labeled: HI:Maui Haleakala Hana- / wi NAR Kuhiwa Vy. E rim / 9-VI-1999 lot 07 880 m el. / N20°46'25", W156°06'04" / D.A. Polhemus pyr. fog / Cibotium // Mecyclothorax / subternus / ♂ #40 / det. J.K. Liebherr 2014 // HOLOTYPE / Mecyclothorax / subternus / Liebherr / det. J.K. Liebherr 2015 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Paratypes .</p><p>Same data as holotype (BPBM, 2; CUIC, 3; NMNH, 5).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The adjectival species epithet subternus, meaning that which is underneath (Jaeger 1955), signifies the geographical range of this species being at the lower elevational bounds of its closely related, and much more broadly distributed relative, Mecyclothorax mauiae (Fig. 71).</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax subternus is known only from a single locality along the lower elevational limit of the range of its much more extensively distributed cryptic sibling species, Mecyclothorax mauiae (Fig. 71). All 10 specimens of this species came from a single day of collecting on mossy ‘ōhi‘a trunks and logs. The type locality in Kuhiwa Valley is extremely wet both due to precipitation but also due to the extensive rainwater runoff from the upper elevations of Kuhiwa Valley. Yearly rainfall at 871 m elevation in Kuhiwa Valley averaged 9.75 m from 1934-1941 (Stearns and McDonald 1942); the highest average total for any station in East Maui during those years.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/47A1C538FE83EA7E715FCB979FE2F656	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
D24661784E33B53780D235F1D49E487A.text	D24661784E33B53780D235F1D49E487A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax flaviventris	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(053) Mecyclothorax flaviventris sp. n. Figs 62G, 63F, 68 C–D, 70 E–I, 72</p><p>Diagnosis .</p><p>This species is the most gracile-bodied Mecyclothorax ovipennis group species with cordate pronotum, narrowed elytral humeri, and punctate discal elytral intervals (Fig. 68C). In body conformation it is most similar to Mecyclothorax ovipennis (Fig. 65A), and both species share the setal formula 2 2 2 1[ae]. However individuals of this species lack the parascutellar seta. Also, this species is uniquely characterized among species in the group by the apically flavous abdomen, with the flavous ventrites 4-6 contrasted to the rufobrunneous basal ventrites (Fig. 68D). Standardized body length 3.7-4.1 mm.</p><p>Description</p><p>(n = 5). Head capsule with frontal grooves broad near clypeus, lateral carina to supraorbital seta; dorsal surface of neck flat to slightly concave; eyes large and moderately convex, ocular ratio = 1.51-1.56, ocular lobe ratio = 0.82-0.88; labral anterior margin deeply angulate medially, emarginated 1/3 of length; antennae filiform; antennomeres 2-3 with only a few short setae along shafts; mentum tooth with sides acute, apex tightly rounded. Pronotum quadrisetose, distinctly constricted basally, MPW/BPW = 1.49-1.58, with lateral margins convergent before the right to slightly acute, projected hind angles; pronotum appearing narrow, but actually slightly transverse, MPW/PL = 1.13-1.21; median base broadly depressed relative to disc, rugose medially, longitudinally strigose laterally; basal margin very slightly convex between laterobasal depressions; median longitudinal impression evident, finely incised, continued onto median base; anterior transverse impression broad, surface with granulate microsculpture and deep, dense longitudinal wrinkles; anterior callosity depressed, covered with longitudinal wrinkles from transverse impression; front angles not projected, tightly rounded; pronotal apical width greater than basal width, APW/BPW = 1.06-1.09; lateral marginal depression moderately narrow, edge upturned, slightly broader inside front angle; laterobasal depression slightly transversely wrinkled, continuous with lateral depression. Proepisternum with 4-5 minute punctures along hind marginal groove; prosternal process with narrow median impression, lateral margins broadly beaded between coxae. Elytra distinctly ovoid with maximal width behind midlength, disc narrowly flat medially, sides steeply sloped; basal groove gently recurved to subangulate humerus that is defined by hitch at base of lateral marginal depression, MEW/HuW = 2.10-2.18; parascutellar striole very shallow, smooth, difficult to trace; sutural interval slightly more convex than lateral intervals, but depressed at suture; sutural and 2nd striae of subequal depth from base to apex, striae 2-6 progressively shallower on disc, stria 7 discontinuous, obsolete, discal striae 1-4 with small punctures restricted to deepest parts of striae; 8th interval slightly more convex than apical fused portion of striae 5 + 7; 2 dorsal elytral setae at 0.30 –0.31× and 0.61 –0.66× elytral length, setal impressions shallow, spanning ½ width of interval 3; apical elytral seta present near medial apex of interval 3, subapical seta absent; lateral elytral setae arranged in anterior series of 7 setae and posterior series of 6 setae; elytral marginal depression moderately narrow, edge upraised until beaded at subapical sinuation; subapical sinuation shallow, more abruptly incurved anteriorly. Mesepisternum with ~8 punctures in 1-2 rows; metepisternal width to length ratio = 0.71; metepisternum/metepimeron suture distinct. Abdomen with irregular lateral wrinkles on ventrites 1-5, lateral depressions on ventrites 3-6 (Fig. 68D); suture between ventrites 2 and 3 reduced laterally, effaced; apical male ventrite with 2 marginal setae, apical female ventrite with 4 equally spaced setae plus median trapezoid of 4 subequal, short setae. Legs-metatarsomere 1/metatibial length ratio = 0.21; metatarsomere 4 length along outer lobe 1.33 × medial tarsomere length, apical and subapical setae present; metatarsal dorsolateral sulci narrow, shallow, median area broad. Microsculpture of vertex and pronotal disc a transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 –3× length; pronotal median base with granulate isodiametric and transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 × length; elytral disc with shallow isodiametric and transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 × length, in transverse rows; elytral apex with shallow isodiametric sculpticells in transverse rows; metasternum with upraised transverse mesh; laterobasal abdominal ventrites with swirling isodiametric and transverse microsculpture. Coloration of vertex rufobrunneous with piceous cast; antennomeres 1-3 flavous, 4-11 darker, more brunneous; pronotal disc rufopiceous, lateral margins, base, and apex narrowly rufoflavous; proepipleuron rufoflavous, proepisternum rufobrunneous; elytral disc dark rufobrunneous, sutural interval narrowly rufobrunneous basally, rufoflavous apically; elytral marginal depression and 9th interval rufoflavous, elytral apex narrowly flavous; elytral epipleuron dorsally flavous, ventrally rufoflavous, metepisternum rufopiceous; abdomen with ventrites 1-2 rufobrunneous, ventrite 3 medially rufobrunneous, laterally and apically flavous, ventrites 3-6 flavous; metafemur flavous; metatibia flavous with a brunneous cast.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 5). Aedeagal median lobe variably gracile, distance between parameral articulation and tip 3.7 –4.2× depth at midlength (Fig. 70E, H, I); apex extended twice its depth beyond apex of ostial opening, tip slightly downturned, rounded; median lobe curved rightward toward apex in ventral view (Fig. 70F), right margin concave, left margin incurved to blunt tip; internal sac elongate, length from ostial margin to base of flagellar plate 0.79 × parameral articulation-tip distance, sac surface unornamented but with microspicules more developed over entire ventral surface (Fig. 70G); flagellar plate moderately short, length 0.36 × parameral articulation-tip distance. The male from Kīpahulu Valley, 1500 m elevation (Fig. 70H) exhibits a broader apex, though the internal sac in its uneverted condition looks identical to the configuration of the Kīpahulu Valley, 1845 m elevation male (Fig. 70E). All of these specimens exhibit the flavous abdominal ventrites that represent an autapomorphy for the species, and if the lower elevation Kīpahulu Valley population is determined to be distinct, the additionally recognized species will be the sister to Mecyclothorax flaviventris . A present, with only a single specimen from the lower Kīpahulu Valley locality, such recognition is deemed premature, and the aedeagal conformations are assumed to represent infraspecific variability.</p><p>Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix columnar with rounded, slightly expanded apex, length 0.68 mm, breadth 0.29 mm (Fig. 62G); bursal walls translucent with thin wrinkles; gonocoxite 1 with 0-1 apical fringe setae and 7-8 smaller setae on medial surface (Fig. 63F); gonocoxite 2 falcate with tightly rounded tip, base with long, thin lateral extension with 90° bend at terminus, 2 lateral ensiform setae, the apical seta longer and broader, apical nematiform setae on medial surface at 0.69 × gonocoxite length.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Male (CUIC) dissected and labeled: HI:Maui Haleakala N.P. / Kipahulu Vy. 1500 m el. / 9-V-1991 sifting / leaf litter by day // S. Jessel / A.C. Medeiros, / Jr. collectors // Mecyclothorax / flaviventris / ♂ #4 / det. J.K. Liebherr 2014 // HOLOTYPE / Mecyclothorax / flaviventris / Liebherr / det. J.K. Liebherr 2015 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Paratypes.</p><p>35 specimens (see Appendix).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The Latin genitive singular flaviventris signifies the flavous abdominal ventrites 4-6 contrasted to the piceous abdominal base.</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax flaviventris has a distribution that is centered on the upper elevations of Kīpahulu Valley, extended northward into the Hāna Bogs, westward to the eastern mesic margin of Haleakalā Crater at Paliku, and southward to Kīpahulu’s west rim near Kuiki (Fig. 72). Collecting localities span 1500-2100 m elevation. The beetles have almost always been collected in association with mossy ‘ōhi‘a trunks and logs. Several beetles have been encountered while beating vegetation, and one was captured in a pitfall trap at Paliku.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D24661784E33B53780D235F1D49E487A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
9D0A643D321CA75A65D9521313C4BDC6.text	9D0A643D321CA75A65D9521313C4BDC6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax laetus (Blackburn)	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(054) Mecyclothorax laetus (Blackburn) Figs 62H, 70 J–M, 73A, 74A, 75</p><p>Cyclothorax laetus Blackburn 1881: 228; Blackburn and Sharp 1885: 216.</p><p>Thriscothorax laetus, Sharp 1903: 262.</p><p>Mecyclothorax laetus Sharp 1903: 247; Britton 1948b: 149 (synonymy, subsequent homonymy); Liebherr 2005b: 111.</p><p>Thriscothorax subconstrictus, Swezey 1954: 53, 60 (misidentification, Cibotium and rotten wood associate).</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The rufobrunneous dorsal body color, narrow, cordate pronotum, and well-developed dorsal microsculpture–isodiametric on the elytra–will allow individuals of this species to be identified in the field using a hand lens (Fig. 73A). More microscopic characters amply diagnosis this species, including: 1, elytral parascutellar seta absent; 2, dorsal elytral setae absent, though a single seta may be present in rare instances; 3, vertex with shallow transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 × length, and pronotal disc with transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 –3× length. Setal conformation is highly variable among individuals of this species, with the basal pronotal setae present or absent, and either both apical and subapical elytral setae, or just the subapical seta present. Setal formula 2 1-2 0(1) 1-2[sae]. Standardized body length 3.9-4.6 mm.</p><p>Identification</p><p>(n = 5). The eyes are slightly to moderately convex, ocular ratio = 1.41-1.46, covering more than ¾ of the little protruded ocular lobe; ocular lobe ratio = 0.77-0.82. The antennae are submoniliform, with antennomeres 5-11 expanded apically. The pronotal lateral margin is distinctly concave anterad the right to acute hind angle, the basal sinuation extended for 1/7 the length of the pronotum. The pronotum is narrow to slightly transverse, MPW/PL = 1.13-1.23, with a somewhat variable basal constriction; MPW/BPW = 1.39-1.51. The narrow subquadrate elytra are flat medially, with discal striae 1-5 shallow and minutely punctate, stria 6 obsolete but traceable, and stria 7 absent. All intervals save the slightly convex sutural interval are only slightly convex to flat. When a single dorsal elytral seta is present, it is in the basal position; 0.24 × elytral length.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 3). Aedeagal median lobe moderately robust, distance between parameral articulation and tip 3.4 × depth at midlength (Fig. 70J, L); apex sinuously extended beyond ostial opening, apex dorsoventrally expanded, either more dorsally than ventrally (Fig. 70J), or broadly both ventrally and dorsally (Fig. 70 L–M); median lobe straight in ventral view, but thin elongate apex offset toward right side of shaft, with right margin concave basad apex, and left margin distinctly incurved to meet apex, tip appearing tightly rounded from ventral aspect (Fig. 70K); internal sac broad, with broad, diffuse ventral ostial microtrichial field, otherwise covered only with fine microspicules (Fig. 70M); flagellar plate moderately large, length 0.49 × parameral articulation-tip distance. That the variably expanded apex represents infraspecific variation is supported by both narrower and broader apices (Fig. 70J, L) being found in males from Kīpahulu Valley, West Camp, 1900-1960 m elevation.</p><p>Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix columnar, apical lobe set off by constriction, reminiscent of a ginger jar with small lid; overall length 0.83 mm, apical lobe 0.25 mm long × 0.45 mm broad, shaft breadth 0.44 mm, and basal constriction 0.26 mm broad at vagina (Fig. 62H); bursal walls translucent, thinly wrinkled basally, apical lobe more wrinkled and less stained; gonocoxite 1 with 5 apical fringe setae, 6 smaller setae-1 at medioapical angle-along medial surface (Fig. 74A); gonocoxite 2 falcate with pointed apex, base broadly extended laterally, 2 short lateral ensiform setae, apical nematiform setae on medial surface at 0.77 × gonocoxite length.</p><p>Lectotypes.</p><p>For Cyclothorax laetus Blackburn, male designated by Liebherr (2005b: 113). For Mecyclothorax laetus Sharp, female designated by Liebherr (2005b: 114). Type locality for the former is Haleakala, Maui, ~4000 ft.; i.e. the Waikamoi area; type locality for the latter is Haleakala, Maui, 5000 ft. (R.C.L.P. lot 661; Anonymous N D), i.e. near Ukulele Camp.</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax laetus exhibits a very broad geographic distribution (Fig. 75), though the species is extensively absent from the Ke‘anae Valley and Hanawī face of Haleakalā . This absence is made the more peculiar by the very broad ecological preference suggested for this species by the disparate arrays of collecting situations. Consistent with occupation of the forests west of Waikamoi Gulch, this species has been found on mossy ‘ōhi‘a trunks, on koa trunks, and associated with Cibotium ( hāpu‘u) ferns. But it has also been collected by sifting soil around Deschampsia (hairgrass) clumps in open shrubland. More exotically, it has been collected in large numbers under the loose bark of downed alien Pinus ponderosa in a disturbed grassland on the northwest slope. And in the alien afforested areas of Polipoli Springs it has been found by grubbing in deep pine needle litter. The presence of free moisture is a constant in all of these situations, though the degree of solar insolation varies dramatically.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9D0A643D321CA75A65D9521313C4BDC6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
F79E9183EA59A7B4A65D03840C3D9BA7.text	F79E9183EA59A7B4A65D03840C3D9BA7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax cordaticollis (Blackburn)	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(055) Mecyclothorax cordaticollis (Blackburn) Figs 62I, 73B, 74B, 76 A–B, 77</p><p>Cyclothorax cordaticollis Blackburn 1878b: 156; Blackburn and Sharp 1885: 215.</p><p>Thriscothorax cordaticollis, Sharp 1903: 259.</p><p>Mecyclothorax cordaticollis, Britton 1948b: 148.</p><p>Thriscothorax modestus Sharp 1903: 259; Britton 1948b: 148 (synonymy).</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>This species (Fig. 73B), Mecyclothorax cordaticollaris (Fig. 73C), and Mecyclothorax subconstrictus (Fig. 73D) are the only three Mecyclothorax ovipennis group species to exhibit the 2 1 1 0 setal formula (at least for some of the individuals of the latter species). Mecyclothorax cordaticollis and Mecyclothorax subconstrictus share shallow, minutely punctate discal elytral intervals and associated slightly convex intervals, plus a narrowly constricted pronotum; MPW/BPW = 1.55-1.61 in this species. The discal elytral striae are much more punctate in Mecyclothorax cordaticollaris, and the associated intervals are much more convex. Mecyclothorax cordaticollis and Mecyclothorax subconstrictus can be definitively diagnosed using dorsal microsculpture. The pronotal disc of Mecyclothorax cordaticollis bears transverse-mesh microsculpture, sculpticell breadth 2 –3× length, and the elytral disc is covered with a transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 –4× length. For Mecyclothorax subconstrictus, the pronotal disc is glossy medially, and laterally covered with an obsolete transverse mesh, whereas the elytral disc bears a mixture of isodiametric and transverse sculpticells. Standardized body length 3.6-4.1 mm.</p><p>Identification</p><p>(n = 4). The eyes are moderately convex, ocular ratio = 1.42-1.49, but they cover much of the ocular lobe, ocular lobe ratio = 0.81-0.86. The pronotal lateral marginal depression is narrow, the edge upturned anterad lateral seta, slightly broader near front angle, and thin and beadlike along basal sinuation. The pronotal apical width is greater than the basal width; APW/BPW = 1.01-1.06. The elytra are subquadrate, with the tightly rounded humeral angles connected medially to only slightly recurved basal grooves. Though all the striae are shallow, they are all of similar depth on the elytral apex.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 1). Aedeagal median lobe short, squat, distance between parameral articulation and tip 2.5 × depth at midlength (Fig. 76A); apex extended beyond ostial opening equal to its depth, tip broadly rounded; median lobe curved rightward apically in ventral view (Fig. 76B), right margin slightly concave near tip, left margin broadly convex; internal sac with ventral ostial microtrichial patch indicated in uneverted specimen, shadow of flagellar plate also visible, the plate quite elongate, length 0.67 × parameral articulation-tip distance.</p><p>Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix columnar, length 0.84 mm, breadth 0.34-0.38 mm (Fig. 62I); bursal walls translucent, thinly wrinkled; gonocoxite 1 with 3 apical fringe setae, middle seta larger, 1 small seta at apicomedial angle, and 4-5 setae on medial surface (Fig. 74B); gonocoxite 2 broadly subtriangular, apex tightly rounded, base moderately extended laterally, 2 short lateral ensiform setae, apical nematiform setae on medial surface at 0.75 × gonocoxite length.</p><p>Lectotypes.</p><p>For Cyclothorax cordaticollis, female (BMMH) hereby designated, labeled: mounting platen with Blackburn Maui label (Zimmerman 1957: 210), cord (on reverse) // Type // Hawaiian Is. Rev. T. Blackburn 1888-30. // LECTOTYPE Cyclothorax cordaticollis Blackburn J.K. Liebherr 1998 (black-margined red label). For Thriscothorax modestus, male (BMNH) hereby designated, labeled: Thriscothorax modestus Type D.S. Haleakala 350 // Type // Hawaiian Is. Perkins 1904-336. // LECTOTYPE Thriscothorax modestus J.K. Liebherr 1998 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax cordaticollis is known from only three definitive localities in the leeward forests west of Waikamoi Gulch (Fig. 77). Ukulele Camp (Site) is the most likely locality given Perkins’ (1894, 1896b) field notes. There no collecting records since Perkins collected two specimens in 1902.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F79E9183EA59A7B4A65D03840C3D9BA7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
77E6782E578FFEB1D7CE02BD15452171.text	77E6782E578FFEB1D7CE02BD15452171.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax cordaticollaris	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(056) Mecyclothorax cordaticollaris sp. n. Figs 62J, 73C, 74C, 76 C–D, 77</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Like Mecyclothorax cordaticollis (Fig. 73B) or Mecyclothorax subconstrictus (Fig. 73D) in the setal formula-2 2 1 0-but with much deeper elytral striae, the discal striae 1-5 distinctly punctate with the punctures expanding strial breadth (Fig. 73C). The pronotal median base is minutely punctate, ~15 distinct punctures each side, with the punctures elongate at the juncture with the disc. The pronotal disc is glossy, with obsolete transverse-mesh microsculpture, sculpticell breadth 3 × length, and the median base is glossy medially, and with an isodiametric mesh present laterally between the punctures. The elytra are relatively broader basally than in Mecyclothorax cordaticollis or Mecyclothorax subconstrictus, with the basal groove distinctly recurved to meet the angulate humerus, the angle defined by a hitch at the base of the lateral marginal depression. Standardized body length 3.9-4.4 mm.</p><p>Description</p><p>(n = 4). Head capsule with frontal grooves broad near clypeus, straight, lateral carina to anterior supraorbital seta; dorsal surface of neck flat to slightly concave; eyes moderately convex, ocular ratio = 1.48-1.50, ocular lobe ratio = 0.78-0.82; labral anterior margin very shallow emarginate medially; antennae filiform, antennomeres 2-3 with sparse pelage of short setae; mentum tooth with sides right, apex rounded. Pronotum transverse, MPW/PL = 1.24-1.27, constricted basally, MPW/BPW = 1.47-1.55; hind angle right, lateral margins subparallel to slightly convergent anterad projected angles; basal margin slightly, evenly convex between laterobasal depressions; median longitudinal impression shallow, finely incised; anterior transverse impression moderately deep, smooth, finely incised; anterior callosity slightly convex, smooth, glossy; front angles very slightly produced, broadly rounded; apical and basal pronotal widths subequal, APW/BPW = 0.95-1.0; lateral marginal depression narrow, edge upturned anterad seta, slightly broader at front angle, beadlike margin from midlength to basal sinuation; laterobasal depression smooth laterad median base, broadly raised in explanate lateral margin. Proepisternum with 5 minute punctures along hind margin; prosternal process with narrow median impression, lateral margins broadly beaded between coxae. Elytra broadly ovoid, disc moderately convex, sides more so; MEW/HuW = 2.11-2.16; parascutellar seta present; parascutellar striole with 4 punctures, continuous between punctures; sutural interval only slightly more convex than lateral intervals in basal half, more convex apically; sutural and 2nd striae of subequal depth from base to apex; elytral intervals 2-4 moderately convex, lateral intervals flatter; 8th interval slightly more convex than fused apical portion of striae 5 + 7; one dorsal elytral seta at 0.23 –0.28× elytral length, setal impression small, spanning ½ width of interval 3; apical and subapical setae absent; lateral elytral setae arranged in anterior series of 7 setae and posterior series of 6 setae; elytral marginal depression narrow, margin upturned, beadlike near subapical sinuation; subapical sinuation shallow, more abruptly incurved anteriorly. Mesepisternum with ~10 punctures in 2-3 rows; metepisternal width to length ratio = 0.65; metepisternum/metepimeron suture distinct. Abdomen with irregular lateral wrinkles on ventrites 1-5 and lateral depressions on ventrites 3-6; suture between ventrites 2 and 3 reduced laterally, effaced; apical male ventrite with 2 marginal setae, apical female ventrite with 4 equally spaced marginal setae plus median trapezoid of 4 subequal, short setae. Legs-metatarsomere 1/metatibial length ratio = 0.21; metatarsomere 4 length along outer lobe 1.25 × medial tarsomere length, apical and subapical setae present; metatarsal dorsolateral sulci shallow, narrow, median area broad. Microsculpture of vertex distinct, transversely stretched, sculpticell breadth 2 –3× length; elytral disc with shallow transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 3 –4× length, apex with more developed transverse mesh of same dimensions; metasternum with shallow transverse mesh; laterobasal abdominal ventrites with swirling isodiametric and transverse microsculpture. Coloration of vertex rufobrunneous; antennomeres 1-3 flavous, 4-11 darker, more brunneous; pronotal disc rufobrunneous with piceous cast, lateral margins, base, and apex rufoflavous; proepipleuron rufoflavous, proepisternum rufobrunneous with piceous cast; elytral disc rufobrunneous, sutural interval paler rufous basally, rufoflavous apically; elytral lateral marginal depression narrowly rufoflavous, apex contrastedly flavous from apical terminus of interval 4; elytral epipleuron rufoflavous, metepisternum rufopiceous; abdominal ventrites 1-2 rufopiceous, ventrites 3-5 medially rufopiceous, laterally paler, apical ventrite with apical half flavous; metafemur flavous; metatibia flavous with brunneous cast.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 1). Aedeagal median lobe extremely slender, apically narrowed, needlelike, distance from parameral articulation to tip 5.9 × depth at midlength (Fig. 76C); apex elongate, very narrow, angled slightly downward about half way along apical extension, with tip narrowly rounded; median lobe straight in ventral view, right and left margins approaching each other for 1/3 lobe length in this view, tip narrowly pointed (Fig. 76D); internal sac without apparent microtrichial fields in uneverted specimen, flagellar plate length estimated to be 0.35 × parameral articulation-tip distance.</p><p>Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix broad basally at vagina, with elongate, digitiform apical lobe, overall bursal length 0.74 mm, with apical lobe 0.51 mm long × 0.19 mm broad, and basal bulb at vagina 0.23 mm long × 0.41 mm broad (Fig. 62J); bursal walls smooth, only lightly wrinkled, the walls of apical lobe thinner, less stained than broad base with darker staining and thicker wrinkles; gonocoxite 1 with 4 apical fringe setae, medial surface lined with 7-10 smaller setae (Fig. 74C); gonocoxite 2 falcate with subacuminate apex, base broadly extended by short panhandle with curved terminus, 2 short lateral ensiform setae with apical seta longer and broader, apical nematiform setae on medial surface at 0.68 × gonocoxite length.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Male (CUIC) dissected and labeled: HI: Maui Haleakala N.P. / Kaupo Gap el. 1160 m / N20°40'43", W156°08'09" / 17-V-2001 lot 05 beating / ferns J.K. Liebherr // 1 // HOLOTYPE / Mecyclothorax / cordaticollaris / Liebherr / det. J.K. Liebherr 2015 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Paratypes.</p><p>HI: Maui, Kaupo Gap Tr., beating Pipturus, 1340 m el., 31-viii-1996 lot 01, Ewing (CUIC, 1), sifting Acacia koa /fern/moss litter, 1495 m el., 17-18-v-2001 lot 03, Liebherr (CUIC, 1), same data as holotype (CUIC, 1).</p><p>Etymology .</p><p>This species’ great similarity to Mecyclothorax cordaticollis leads to use of the similar epithet cordaticollaris . As in the former name, this adjectival epithet is meant to signify the cordate pronotum.</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax cordaticollaris is distributed in the Koa Mesic Forest lining the eastern margin of Kaupō Gap (Fig. 77). Specimens have been collected from 1170-1495 m elevation in litter including fern and moss humus plus koa leaves and phyllodes, as well as by beating low soft ferns and Pipturus ( māmaki).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/77E6782E578FFEB1D7CE02BD15452171	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
BCFA3D9E18206B6CD09A44E2D6890269.text	BCFA3D9E18206B6CD09A44E2D6890269.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax subconstrictus (Sharp)	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(057) Mecyclothorax subconstrictus (Sharp) Figs 62K, 73D, 74D, 76 E–F, 79</p><p>Thriscothorax subconstrictus Sharp 1903: 259.</p><p>Mecyclothorax subconstrictus, Britton 1948b: 147.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>This, the third species of the group to exhibit setal formula 2 1 1 0 for at least some individuals, can be diagnosed from the other two- Mecyclothorax cordaticollis (Fig. 73B) and Mecyclothorax cordaticollaris (Fig. 73C)-by the following combination: 1, pronotal hind angles obtuse, lateral margin divergent from angle (Fig. 73D), not parallel before angle; 2, elytra broader relative to pronotal width, MEW/MPW = 1.53-1.66, versus values of 1.47-1.52 observed in specimens of the other two species; 3, elytral disc with mixture of isodiametric and transverse sculpticells, sculpticell breadth 2 × length, versus more transverse meshes in the other two species. Setal formula 2 1 1(2) 0; individuals have a posterior dorsal elytral seta present unilaterally in rare instances. Standardized body length 3.7-4.3 mm.</p><p>Identification</p><p>(n = 5). The eyes are slightly larger and more convex than observed in Mecyclothorax cordaticollis and Mecyclothorax cordaticollaris -ocular ratio = 1.46-1.52, ocular lobe ratio = 0.81-0.88-though the ratios for the three species overlap. In aggregate the pronotal apex is broader relative to the base; APW/BPW = 1.03-1.09. The impressions of the anterior dorsal elytral setae span 2/3 of interval 3, whereas the impression of a posterior seta, if present, is small, spanning half or less of interval 3. The body coloration overall is also darker in specimens of this species versus those of the former two; 1, vertex and pronotal disc rufobrunneous with piceous cast; 2, pronotal lateral margins dark and concolorous with disc, though base and apex paler, rufoflavous.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 1). Aedeagal median lobe robust, distance between parameral articulation and tip 2.9 × depth at midlength (Fig. 76E); apex extended twice its depth beyond ostial opening, tip tightly rounded but with minute denticle along dorsal margin; median lobe slightly curved rightward in ventral view, left and right sides subparallel as they moderately converge to blunt-appearing tip (Fig. 76F); internal sac covered with dark microspicules, flagellar plate elongate, length 0.50 × parameral articulation-tip distance.</p><p>Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix broadly ellipsoid with constricted base, length 0.88 mm, breadth 0.44 mm, basal constriction at vagina 0.31 mm broad (Fig. 62K); bursal walls translucent with thin wrinkles; gonocoxite 1 with 2 short apical fringe setae and 4-6 small setae along medial surface (Fig. 74D); gonocoxite 2 broadly triangular with broadly rounded apex (apex worn), 2 lateral ensiform setae with apical seta longer and broader, apical nematiform setae on medial surface at 0.72 × gonocoxite length.</p><p>Lectotype.</p><p>(BMNH) hereby designated, left specimen on mounting platen, labeled: Thriscothorax subconstrictus Type D.S. Haleakala Perkins // Type // Hawaiian Is. Perkins 1904-336. // LECTOTYPE Thriscothorax subconstrictus Sharp J.K. Liebherr 1998 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax subconstrictus is one of four species in the Mecyclothorax ovipennis group that occupy the highest elevations at the summit of Haleakalā (Figs 79, 80). Most specimens of these species were collected 9-iv-1894 during Perkins’ ascent of Haleakalā from Ukulele Camp. In Perkins’ words: "April 9th. Started with rug, food and gun etc. for Blackburn’s cave at about 9000 feet. I got there about 10 a.m. although I went down to nearly Olinda before ascending, as I wished to go on the usual trail. Worked from 9000 ft. to the summit. Got 3 or 4 species of Cyclothorax, the large punctured species as below, [i.e. Mecyclothorax montivagus, common from 4000-10000 ft.] the small ones all new to me apparently." He returned to the summit two days later, collecting many more Mecyclothorax specimens. Besides Mecyclothorax subconstrictus, the species new to Perkins were Mecyclothorax pusillus and Mecyclothorax rusticus . These two collecting hikes occurred "a few weeks after the disappearance of the snow-cap (Perkins 1913, cxl)." Mecyclothorax subconstrictus was collected again in May and October 1896, the latter time at Holua in Haleakalā Crater. It has not been recollected since.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BCFA3D9E18206B6CD09A44E2D6890269	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
2F1CF157AC8D98BD71E200D5764F0AB0.text	2F1CF157AC8D98BD71E200D5764F0AB0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax nubicola (Blackburn)	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(058) Mecyclothorax nubicola (Blackburn) Figs 78A, 79</p><p>Cyclothorax nubicola Blackburn 1878b: 156.</p><p>Mecyclothorax nubicola, Sharp 1903: 244; Britton 1948b: 150.</p><p>Cyclothorax rupicola (lapsus calami), Blackburn and Sharp 1885: 216 (Sharp 1903: 244).</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>This species is uniquely characterized by the very broad pronotum and the remarkably narrow, subparallel elytra (Fig. 78A); MEW/MPW = 1.31-1.36. The only other Haleakalā species to approach this conformation is Mecyclothorax pusillus (Fig. 78C). The pronotum of Mecyclothorax nubicola also distinctively diagnoses the species, with the hind angles represented by a slight widening of the lateral marginal bead, with the lateral margin only slightly sinuate anterad the very obtuse angle. Also, this species is composed of small beetles; standardized body length 3.4-3.5 mm. The setal formula of 2 2 2 2 is shared with the following three species; Mecyclothorax krushelnyckyi, Mecyclothorax pusillus, and Mecyclothorax rusticus . All four species also lack the parascutellar seta.</p><p>Identification</p><p>(n = 3). The eyes are moderately convex; ocular ratio = 1.46-1.52, ocular lobe ratio 0.81-0.82. The pronotal disc is smooth, with a fine median longitudinal impression and moderately deep, finely incised anterior transverse impression. The median base contrasts to the disc as it is rugose, and is covered with ~10 densely distributed, elongate punctures each side, with fine longitudinal wrinkles at the base-disc juncture. The elytral basal groove is distinctly recurved laterally, with the humeral angle defined by a hitch at the base of the lateral marginal depression; MEW/HuW = 1.80-1.94. Discal elytral striae 1-3 are continuous, punctate, whereas stria 4 is interrupted along its length, and stria 5 is a series of punctures. Microsculpture is reduced in this species, with the frons and vertex glossy and covered with an obsolete transverse mesh. The pronotal disc has transverse lines in part, the cuticle glossy between these areas of microsculpture, whereas the pronotal median base is glossy medially, with irregular sculpticells laterally. The elytral disc bears very shallow isodiametric sculpticells in transverse rows.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Female (BMNH): mounting platen with Blackburn Maui label (Zimmerman 1957: 210), Cyc nubicola (on reverse) // Type // Hawaiian Is. Rev. T. Blackburn 1888-30 // HOLOTYPE Cyclothorax nubicola Blackburn J.K. Liebherr 1998 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax nubicola is a fourth summit-dwelling Mecyclothorax species, but it was not collected by Perkins in 1894 or 1896. The species is known from only four specimens and three localities (Fig. 79); the holotype described by Blackburn (1878b) from 10,000 ft. (3040 m), a Timberlake specimen (UCRC) from "gulch near Puu Nianiau, 6000 ft." (1820 m; most probably the head of Waikamoi Gulch), and two specimens from Leleiwi Overlook, 2650 m elevation (P.D. Krushelnycky, CUIC, UHIM). The latter two specimens were collected in a pitfall trap in subalpine shrubland, though the summit record suggests also historical occupation of the alpine zone by this species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2F1CF157AC8D98BD71E200D5764F0AB0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
EE21C42545CB97FC2BE02F590142A49D.text	EE21C42545CB97FC2BE02F590142A49D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax krushelnyckyi	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(059) Mecyclothorax krushelnyckyi sp. n. Figs 78B, 79</p><p>Diagnosis .</p><p>This species (Fig. 78B) can be diagnosed from the other three small-bodied Mecyclothorax ovipennis group species with setal formula 2 2 2 2- Mecyclothorax nubicola (Fig. 78A), Mecyclothorax pusillus (Fig. 78C), and Mecyclothorax rusticus (Fig. 78D)-by: 1, the more narrowly constricted pronotal base; MPW/BPW = 1.54; 2, subellipsoid elytra, with the margin broadly rounded posterad the humerus, and the lateral margins evenly convex laterally; 3, elytra broad relative to forebody, with MEW/MPW = 1.51 and MEW/MHW = 2.15; and 4, the glossy upper body surface with little-developed microsculpture. The vertex is glossy, with obsolete transverse sculpticells, breadth 2 × length in depressions. The pronotal disc is glossy, with obsolete transverse microsculpture visible in angled light; the pronotal base with obsolete transverse microsculpture over portions of the cuticle. The elytral disc is also glossy, with a transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 –3× length, restricted to the lateral and apical areas. Standardized body length 3.95 mm.</p><p>Description</p><p>(n = 1). Head capsule with frontal grooves broad near clypeus, lateral carina to anterior supraorbital seta; dorsal surface of neck slightly concave; eyes moderately developed, ocular ratio = 1.46, ocular lobe ratio = 0.78; labral anterior margin very shallowly emarginate apically; antennae filiform, antennomeres 2-3 with only 1-2 setae each along shafts; mentum tooth with sides acute, apex rounded. Pronotum transverse, MPW/PL = 1.28; hind angle sharply obtuse, lateral margin subparallel for short distance anterad angle; median base slightly depressed, ~10 punctures each side, punctures more elongate at juncture with disc; basal margin convexly expanded between laterobasal depressions; median longitudinal impression shallow, finely incised; anterior transverse impression deep, finely incised, area behind impression depressed relative to disc; anterior callosity convexly upraised, glossy; front angles slightly projected, rounded; pronotal apical width slightly greater than basal width, APW/BPW = 1.04; lateral marginal depression very narrow, edge appearing beaded except at front angle where margin is slightly broader; laterobasal depression narrow, continuous with lateral depression. Proepisternum with 5 minute punctures along hind marginal groove; prosternal process with narrow median impression, lateral margins broadly beaded between coxae. Elytra with disc flat, sides distinctly sloped; basal groove distinctly recurved to tightly rounded humeri, base relatively broad, MEW/HuW = 1.98; parascutellar seta absent; parascutellar striole with 4 punctures, striole shallow between punctures; sutural interval coplanar with lateral intervals basally, upraised apically; sutural and 2nd striae of subequal depth from base to apex; discal striae 1-5 minutely punctate, the punctures joined by depressed stria medially, striae 4-5 composed of isolated punctures, inner intervals slightly convex, lateral intervals flat; 8th interval slightly more convex than fused apical portion of striae 5 + 7; 2 dorsal elytral setae at 0.24 –0.30× and 0.57 × elytral length, setal impressions moderate, spanning 2/3 of interval 3; apical and subapical setae present; lateral elytral setae arranged in anterior series of 7 setae and posterior series of 6 setae; elytral marginal depression narrow from humerus to midlength, gradually reduced to beadlike margin at subapical sinuation; subapical sinuation shallow, more abruptly incurved anteriorly. Mesepisternum smooth; metepisternal width to length ratio 0.70; metepisternum/metepimeron suture distinct. Abdomen with irregular lateral wrinkles on ventrites 1-5; suture between ventrites 2 and 3 complete; apical female ventrite with 4 equally spaced setae plus a median trapezoid of 4 subequal, short setae. Legs-metatarsomere 1/metatibial length ratio = 0.19; metatarsomere 4 length along outer lobe 1.33 × medial tarsomere length, apical and subapical setae present; metatarsal dorsolateral sulci shallow, narrow, median area broad. Microsculpture of metasternum a shallow transverse mesh; laterobasal abdominal ventrites with swirling isodiametric and transverse microsculpture. Coloration of vertex rufobrunneous with piceous cast; antennomeres 1-3 flavous, 4-11 darker, more brunneous; pronotal disc rufopiceous; pronotal lateral margins very narrowly and base and apex rufoflavous; proepipleuron flavous, proepisternum rufopiceous; elytral disc rufopiceous, sutural interval rufous in basal half, rufoflavous in apical half, lateral marginal depression and apex of interval 9 rufoflavous; elytral epipleuron dorsally flavous, ventrally rufoflavous, metepisternum rufopiceous; abdomen with ventral ventrites 1-5 and base of 6 rufopiceous, apical 1/3 of ventrite 6 flavous; metafemur flavous; metatibia flavous, only tibial spines brunneous.</p><p>Female reproductive tract. The lone female holotype was not dissected.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Female (UHIM) labeled: HI:Maui I. Haleakala / Kahikinui F.R. 2408 m el. / 20°41.93'N, W156°12.40', W / 24-XI-2008 P. Krushelnycky / Berlese shrubland litter // coll PDJ 627 / spec/lot# PKSP1463 // Mecyclothorax apicalis ? (PDK handwriting) // HOLOTYPE / Mecyclothorax / krushelnyckyi / Liebherr / det. J.K. Liebherr 2015 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>This species is named to honor Dr. Paul Krushelnycky’s numerous, important discoveries of Mecyclothorax and Blackburnia species in the high elevation habitats of Haleakalā .</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax krushelnyckyi is one of the few species known to occupy Haleakalā’s south slope (Fig. 79); the others known to do so being Mecyclothorax giffardi (Fig. 56), Mecyclothorax cordithorax (Fig. 89), and Mecyclothorax iteratus (Fig. 106). The single specimen was collected in a sift sample of shrubland litter at 2408 m elevation.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EE21C42545CB97FC2BE02F590142A49D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
F59A5A056D69454D62F872C36927E06B.text	F59A5A056D69454D62F872C36927E06B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax pusillus Sharp	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(060) Mecyclothorax pusillus Sharp Figs 62L, 74E, 76 G–H, 78C, 80</p><p>Mecyclothorax pusillus Sharp 1903: 243; Britton 1948b: 147.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Of the four Mecyclothorax ovipennis group species from Haleakalā with setal formula 2 2 2 2- Mecyclothorax nubicola (Fig. 78A), Mecyclothorax krushelnyckyi (Fig. 78B), Mecyclothorax rusticus (Fig. 78D), and this species (Fig. 78C)- Mecyclothorax pusillus can be diagnosed by: 1, pronotal base moderately broad, MPW/BPW = 1.39-1.48; 2, pronotal hind angles projected, obtuse, the lateral margin subparallel for twice the distance of the basal articulatory socket; 3, elytra narrow relative to head, MEW/MHW = 1.85-1.93, with sides subparallel, MEW/HUW = 1.84-1.90, the humerus tightly rounded; 4, frons and vertex with evident shallow transverse-mesh microsculpture, sculpticell breadth 2 –3× length. Standardized body length 3.3-3.9 mm.</p><p>Identification</p><p>(n = 5). The head is broad with large eyes that cover much of the ocular lobe, ocular lobe ratio = 0.84-0.88, though the broad frons results in an ocular ratio lower than might be expected based on the eye size; ocular ratio = 1.45-1.48. Antennomeres 5-11 are stout, relatively short, of moniliform conformation similar to observed in Mecyclothorax nubicola . The pronotum is slightly transverse, MPW/PL = 1.19-1.29, with the base moderately constricted; MPW/BPW = 1.43-1.51. The pronotal median base is glossy due to the lack of microsculpture, but irregularly punctate with ~20 punctures each side, the punctures more elongate at juncture with disc. Elytral intervals 2-4 are nearly flat on the disc, though interval 2 is convex to the elytral apex, the sutural and 2nd striae of subequal depth. The discal striae 2-4 are discontinuous, with their punctures isolated for portions of the strial length. The pronotal and elytral microsculpture are extremely similar to that observed in Mecyclothorax rusticus: 1, pronotal disc with obsolete transverse mesh, glossy medially, with sculpticell breadth 2 –3× length laterally; 2, elytral disc with shallow isodiametric and transverse sculpticells in transverse rows, the elytral apex with an isodiametric mesh.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 1). Aedeagal median lobe slender, distance between parameral articulation and tip 5.5 × depth at midlength (Fig. 76G), lobe angled basally with median shaft straight; apex distinctly downturned, tip rounded; median lobe distinctly curved rightward toward apex in ventral view (Fig. 76H), right and left margins slightly convergent to blunt tip in this view; internal sac with fine spicules only, flagellar plate (visible in ventral view, Fig. 76H) short, length 0.34 × parameral articulation-tip distance.</p><p>Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix columnar with rounded apex, length 0.46 mm, breadth 0.17 mm (Fig. 62L); bursal walls translucent with thin wrinkles, apex thinner, more diaphanous; gonocoxite 1 with 3 apical fringe setae, the middle seta larger, and 3-4 smaller setae along medial surface (Fig. 74E); gonocoxite 2 falcate with tightly rounded apex, base broadly extended laterally, 2 lateral ensiform setae with apical seta broader, apical nematiform setae on medial surface at 0.69 × gonocoxite length.</p><p>Lectotype.</p><p>Male (BMNH) hereby designated, labeled: Thriscothorax pusillus Type D.S. Haleakala Perkins 254 // Type // Hawaiian Is. Perkins 1904-336. //LECTOTYPE Thriscothorax pusillus Sharp J.K. Liebherr 1998 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax pusillus is the second of Perkin’s 19th Century high-elevation Mecyclothorax triplet, with all of his records from his collecting activities made on his trips to the summit; 1830-3050 m elevation (Fig. 80). A single recent record (Kalahaku Overlook, 2870 m elevation, P.D. Krushelnycky, BPBM) places a lower-elevation population of this species in sympatry with Argentine Ant (Liebherr and Krushelnycky 2007).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F59A5A056D69454D62F872C36927E06B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
BF6C28AEBF39C4863A6FFBEE9114FBBC.text	BF6C28AEBF39C4863A6FFBEE9114FBBC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax rusticus Sharp	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(061) Mecyclothorax rusticus Sharp Figs 74F, 76 I–J, 78D, 80</p><p>Mecyclothorax rusticus Sharp 1903: 244; Britton 1948b: 151.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Individuals of this species (Fig. 78D) are most like those of Mecyclothorax pusillus (Fig. 78C), and they are best diagnosed by the broader, more convexly margined elytra. The basal groove is recurved evenly on the rounded humeri, not tightly rounded to subangulate as in Mecyclothorax pusillus . Also, the head is narrow relative to the elytra; MEW/MHW = 2.02-2.07, with slightly more elongate antennomeres. The discal elytral striae are deeper and more continuous than in Mecyclothorax pusillus, though the lateral striae are more similar between the species; striae 5-6 discontinuous, stria 7 a series of minute punctures. The pronotal median base is little depressed relative to the disc, and is covered with ~10 isolated, elongate punctures each side, the surface glossy between the punctures. Finally, the vertex is glossy, with only an obsolete transverse mesh visible in angled light, sculpticell breadth 2 –3× length. Setal formula 2 2 2 2. Standardized body length 3.7-4.3 mm.</p><p>Identification</p><p>(n = 5). The eyes are less convex than in individuals of Mecyclothorax pusillus, but due to the narrower head, the ocular ratio = 1.50-1.53; slightly greater than measured for that species. The pronotum is moderately constricted basally; MPW/BPW = 1.42-1.49. However the base is relatively broad, APW/BPW = 0.91-0.97, versus the subequal apical and basal pronotal widths in Mecyclothorax pusillus . The pronotal disc is glossy, with an obsolete transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 –3× length. The pronotal median base also glossy with shallow isodiametric sculpticells laterally between the punctures. The elytral disc bears shallow isodiametric and transverse sculpticells, breadth 2 × length, in transverse rows, whereas the elytral apex is covered with shallow isodiametric sculpticells in transverse rows.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 1). Aedeagal median lobe slender, distance between parameral articulation and tip 5.2 × depth at midlength (Fig. 76I); apex nearly as broad as median shaft until it curves ventrally to narrow, blunt tip; median lobe sinuously curved apically in ventral view, right margin distinctly and briefly concave, left margin with incurved hitch near bluntly rounded tip (Fig. 76J); internal sac without ornamentation, flagellar plate short (visible in ventral view, Fig. 76J), length 0.29 × parameral articulation-tip distance.</p><p>Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix columnar, length 0.46 mm, breadth 0.22 mm basally at vagina, 0.11 mm near rounded apex (a slightly broader version of Mecyclothorax pusillus bursa, Fig. 62L); bursal wall translucent with thin wrinkles; gonocoxite 1 with 2 short apical fringe setae and 4-6 shorter setae on medial surface (Fig. 74F); gonocoxite 2 falcate with broadly rounded apex (worn?), 2 short, broad lateral ensiform setae (also worn?), apical nematiform setae on medial surface at 0.73 × gonocoxite length.</p><p>Lectotype.</p><p>Male (BMNH) hereby designated, labeled: Mecyclothorax rusticus Type D.S. Haleakala Perkins 254 // Type // Hawaiian Is. Perkins 1904-336. // Haleakala Maui 9½– 10000 ft. Perkins IV-1894 // LECTOTYPE Mecyclothorax rusticus Sharp J.K. Liebherr 1998 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax rusticus has been collected only by R.C.L. Perkins, with localities ranging 2895-3050 m elevation along his trips to the summit, and also at Holua, 2100-2200 m elevation at the western margin of Haleakalā Crater (Fig. 80).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BF6C28AEBF39C4863A6FFBEE9114FBBC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
89859D9006B69871108F2B9945CC6501.text	89859D9006B69871108F2B9945CC6501.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax ommatoplax	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(062) Mecyclothorax ommatoplax sp. n. Figs 81A, 85</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>This species is easily distinguished by the very small, little convex eyes; ocular ratio = 1.29-1.35, ocular lobe ratio = 0.68-0.69, in combination with the granulate isodiametric elytral microsculpture (Fig. 81A). Setal formula 2 2 2 2. Among species of the Mecyclothorax argutor group, the beetles are of moderate size, standardized body length 4.8-5.5 mm.</p><p>Description</p><p>(n = 2). Head capsule with frontal grooves broad near clypeus, curved laterally near clypeal juncture, a straight ridgelike lateral carina extended from dorsal mandibular articulation to mesad anterior supraorbital seta; dorsal surface of neck flat to slightly convex; compound eye with approximately 12-13 ommatidia across the maximal horizontal diameter; labral anterior margin medially emarginate 0.2 × length; antennae filiform, antennomere 3 with sparse, short setae; mentum tooth with sides acute, apex pointed. Pronotum slightly transverse, MPW/PL = 1.17-1.27, constricted basally, MPW/BPW = 1.51-1.58; hind angle right, apex rounded, lateral margin parallel anterad angle; median base depressed relative to disc, covered with rugose wrinkles and round punctures; basal margin broadly, medially extended between laterobasal depressions; median longitudinal impression fine, shallow, crossed by shallow wrin kles; anterior transverse impression broad, shallow, crossed by longitudinal wrinkles; anterior callosity slightly convex, crossed by longitudinal wrinkles from anterior impression; front angles not projected, rounded; pronotal anterior width slightly greater than basal width, APW/BPW = 1.02-1.05; lateral marginal depression narrow, margin upturned to beaded; laterobasal depression moderately broad with low oblique ridge terminated at hind angle. Proepisternum with 6 punctures along hind marginal groove; prosternal process medially concave, margin smoothly upraised. Elytra subquadrate, narrow basally, the basal groove meeting lateral marginal depression at subangulate humerus, MEW/HuW = 1.81-1.94; disc flat, sides moderately depressed; parascutellar seta present; parascutellar striole shallow, smooth, continued onto base; sutural interval slightly more convex than lateral intervals; sutural and 2nd striae of subequal depth from base to apex; discal striae 1-5 continuous, slightly irregular but impunctate, deeper and smooth apically, stria 6 reduced, stria 7 traceable, very shallow, associated intervals broadly, slightly convex; 8th interval slightly convex laterad 7th stria, principally due to deep apical portion of 7th stria; 2 dorsal elytral setae at 0.30 × and 0.59 –0.60× elytral length, setal impressions shallow, about breadth of interval 3; apical and subapical setae present; lateral elytral setae arranged as anterior series of 7 setae and posterior series of 6 setae; elytral marginal depression moderately broad, lined with sculpticells, the margin upturned; subapical sinuation evident, abrupt and brief. Mesepisternum with ~14 punctures in 2-3 rows, metepisternal width to length ratio = 0.67; metepisternum/metepimeron suture distinct. Abdomen with shallow indistinct wrinkles on ventrites 1-3, suture between ventrites 2 and 3 complete; apical female ventrite with 4 equally spaced setae and median trapezoid of 4(-5 unilaterally) subequal, short setae. Legs-metatarsomere 1/metatibial length ratio = 0.19; metatarsomere 4 length along outer lobe 1.4 × medial tarsomere length, with apical and subapical setae; metatarsal dorsolateral sulci broad, shallow. Microsculpture of vertex an upraised isodiametric mesh in transverse rows; pronotal disc with transverse mesh, median base with granulate isodiametric mesh; elytral apex with distinct transverse mesh; metasternum with distinct transverse mesh; laterobasal abdominal ventrites with swirling isodiametric and transverse microsculpture. Coloration of vertex rufobrunneous; antennomere 1 flavous, 2-11 rufoflavous; pronotal disc rufobrunneous, lateral margins narrowly paler in lateral depression, rufoflavous; proepipleuron rufoflavous, proepisternum rufobrunneous with piceous cast; elytral disc reflective rufobrunneous, sutural interval basally rufous, apically flavous, elytral margins broadly rufoflavous, apex broadly rufoflavous to flavous; elytral epipleuron flavous, metepisternum rufobrunneous with piceous cast; abdomen rufobrunneous with piceous cast, apical half of ventrite 6 broadly paler, flavous; metafemur flavous; metatibia rufoflavous.</p><p>Female reproductive tract. The holotype and paratype females were not dissected.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Female (CUIC) labeled: HI:Maui Haleakala N.P. / Kipahulu Vy.1500 m el. / 9-V-1991 sifting / leaf litter by day // S. Jessel / A.C. Medeiros, / Jr. collectors // Mecyclothorax / ommatoplax / ♀ photo / det. J.K. Liebherr 2014 // HOLOTYPE / Mecyclothorax / ommatoplax / Liebherr / det. J.K. Liebherr 2015 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Paratype .</p><p>HI: Maui, Kipahulu Vy., West Camp at Dead Pig Bog, 2010 m el., 18-iii-1998, Takumi (BPBM, 1).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The species epithet compounds the Greek words plax, flat round plate, and ommatos, the genitive of omma, i.e. eye. As Greek, ommatoplax is treated as a noun. The epithet refers to the very flat eyes characteristic of this species.</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax ommatoplax is distributed in the upper reaches of Kīpahulu Valley (Fig. 85). Specimens have been collected in sift samples of leaf and humus litter.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/89859D9006B69871108F2B9945CC6501	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
7ADA59E73D51965CE6C4EED79ACDC072.text	7ADA59E73D51965CE6C4EED79ACDC072.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax semistriatus	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(063) Mecyclothorax semistriatus sp. n. Figs 81B, 82 A–B, 83A, 84A, 85</p><p>Diagnosis .</p><p>This (Fig. 81B) and the following Mecyclothorax refulgens (Fig. 81C) synapomorphously exhibit pale, flavous elytral margins that contrast with the piceous elytral disc. Beetles of this species have broader bodies, with the pronotum more transverse, MPW/PL = 1.21-1.32, and the elytra more broadly ellipsoid, the greatest width just behind midlength. Cuticular microsculpture is less developed in this species, the vertex covered with shallow isodiametric sculpticells in transverse rows, the elytral disc covered with a shallow, elongate transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 –3× length. Also, beetles of this species are larger than those of Mecyclothorax refulgens; standardized body length 5.1-5.4 mm. Setal formula 2 2 2 2.</p><p>Description</p><p>(n = 5). Head capsule with frontal grooves broad and moderately deep near clypeus, bordered laterally by broad carina to supraorbital seta; dorsal surface of neck flat to convex; eyes convex, of moderate size, ocular ratio = 1.39-1.47, ocular lobe ratio = 0.76-0.80; labral anterior margin broadly, shallowly emarginate; antennae filiform, antennomere 3 sparsely setose; mentum tooth with sides acute, apex tightly rounded. Pronotum cordate, lateral margins distinctly sinuate basally, hind angles acute, projected, MPW/BPW = 1.53-1.61; median base depressed relative to disc, with ~12 rounded punctures and sinuous depressions each side; basal margin slightly convex medially; median longitudinal impression fine, shallow, anterior transverse impression moderately deep, narrow, longitudinal wrinkles fore and aft; anterior callosity slightly convex, with indistinct longitudinal wrinkles; front angles slightly projected, tightly rounded; pronotal apex variably as broad as base, APW/BPW = 0.98-1.11; lateral marginal depression narrow throughout, margin upraised to beaded; laterobasal depression narrow, with low oblique ridge terminated at hind angle. Proepisternum with 6 punctures along hind marginal groove; prosternal process medially concave, margin smoothly upraised. Elytra moderately convex, disc narrowly flattened medially; basal groove recurved at tightly rounded humeral angle, MEW/HuW = 2.0-2.22; parascutellar seta present; parascutellar striole with 4 punctures, shallow between punctures; sutural interval of same convexity as intervals 2-3; sutural and 2nd striae of subequal depth from base to apex; discal striae 1-3 shallow with small but evident punctures, lateral striae 4-6 shallower, traceable as isolated serial punctures, stria 7 obsolete except at elytral apex where it is broad and shallow; 8th interval as convex as fused apical portion of striae 5 + 7; 2 dorsal elytral setae at 0.23 –0.27× and 0.57 –0.69× elytral width, setal impressions shallow, spanning ½ width of interval 3; apical and subapical setae present; lateral elytral setae arranged in anterior series of 7 setae and posterior series of 6 setae; elytral marginal depression moderately broad, lined with sculpticells, margin upturned; subapical sinuation shallow, nearly obsolete. Mesepisternum with ~9 punctures in 2-3 rows; metepisternal width to length ratio = 0.78; metepisternum/metepimeron suture distinct. Abdomen with shallow indistinct lateral wrinkles on ventrites 1-3; suture between ventrites 2 and 3 complete; apical male ventrite with 2 marginal setae and apical female ventrite with 4 equally spaced setae plus median trapezoid of 4 subequal, short setae. Legs-metatarsomere 1/metatibial length ratio = 0.18; metatarsomere 4 length along outer lobe 1.4 × medial tarsomere length, apical and subapical setae present; metatarsal dorsolateral sulci broad, shallow. Microsculpture of pronotal median base of distinct isodiametric sculpticells in transverse rows; elytral apex with distinct transverse mesh; metasternum with shiny transverse mesh; laterobasal abdominal ventrites with swirling isodiametric and transverse microsculpture. Coloration of vertex rufobrunneous; antennomeres 1-4 flavous, 5-11 rufobrunneous; pronotal disc rufobrunneous, margins narrowly rufoflavous; proepipleuron rufoflavous, proepisternum rufobrunneous; elytral disc reflective rufopiceous, sutural interval rufous basally, flavous apically; elytral margins broadly paler, with intervals 7-9 or 8-9 rufoflavous near interval 6 to flavous laterally, apex broadly flavous apicad subapical sinuation; elytral epipleuron flavous with rufous cast, metepisternum rufobrunneous with piceous cast; abdomen with ventrites 1-2 piceous, 3-5 rufoflavous, 6 broadly flavous; metafemur flavous, metatibia rufoflavous.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 1). Aedeagal median lobe robust, distance from parameral articulation to tip 3.2 × depth at midlength (Fig. 82A); apex narrowed distad ostial opening, tip expanded dorsally, knoblike; median lobe distinctly curved rightward near apex in ventral view (Fig. 82B), left margin indented before parallel-sided, bluntly rounded tip; internal sac with small dorsal ostial microtrichial patch (left patch in Fig. 82B) and larger ventral ostial patch; flagellar plate of moderate size, length 0.38 × parameral articulation-tip distance.</p><p>Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix columnar with rounded apex, length 0.82 mm, breadth 0.37 mm (Fig. 83A); bursal walls translucent, smooth with a few wrinkles; gonocoxite 1 with 4 apical fringe setae, the middle two setae larger, 1 small seta basad apicomedial angle, 5-7 smaller setae on medial surface (Fig. 84A); gonocoxite 2 broadly falcate, base broadly extended laterally, 2 stout, apically narrowed lateral ensiform setae, apical nematiform setae on medial surface at 0.80 × gonocoxite length.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Male (CAS) labeled: U.S.A. Hawaii: Maui, / Haleakala nw. slope / Waikamoi Reserve / Transect 3, 1950 m, / 7 May 1991, Stop #91-10B / D.H. Kavanaugh collector // D.H. Kavanaugh / collection // 2 // HOLOTYPE / Mecyclothorax / semistriatus / Liebherr / det. J.K. Liebherr 2015 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Paratypes .</p><p>Same data as holotype (CAS, 2; CUIC, 2).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The adjectival species epithet semistriatus refers to the medially striate and laterally smooth elytra.</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>The type series of Mecyclothorax semistriatus was found in moss adhering to tall mastlike ‘ōhi‘a trees in the upper Honomanu drainage, 1950 m elevation (Fig. 85). The ‘Ōhi‘a Mesic Forest is quite open here, with the moss layers rather thin, though they were moist at the time of collecting.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7ADA59E73D51965CE6C4EED79ACDC072	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
0A75D4202EA58D94F28C87D2F1649010.text	0A75D4202EA58D94F28C87D2F1649010.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax refulgens	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(064) Mecyclothorax refulgens sp. n. Figs 81C, 85</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>This and Mecyclothorax semistriatus, comprise the pair of Mecyclothorax argutor group species characterized by contrastingly pale elytral margins and shallow elytral striae. This species (Fig. 81C) can be told from Mecyclothorax semistriatus (Fig. 81B) by the broadly paler pronotal and elytral lateral margins, and the basally narrower elytra, the elytral shape distinctly ovoid with the greatest width well behind midlength. Also, beetles of this species exhibit more well-developed microsculpture, with the elytral disc subiridescent due to the well-developed transverse and isodiametric sculpticells. The discal elytral striae are less punctate in this species, with only the sutural stria punctate basally, striae 2-5 at most slightly irregular. The sutural and 2nd striae are of subequal depth only at the extreme apex of the elytra. More basally the sutural stria is broader and deeper. Setal formula 2 2 2 2. Standardized body length 4.8 mm.</p><p>Description</p><p>(n = 1). Head capsule with frontal grooves broad near clypeus, a sinuous lateral carina extended to anterior supraorbital seta; dorsal surface of neck flat; eyes moderately convex, ocular lobe moderately protruded from gena, ocular ratio = 1.46, ocular lobe ratio = 0.79; labral anterior margin broadly, shallowly emarginate; antennae filiform, antennomere 3 sparsely setose; mentum tooth with sides acute, apex tightly rounded. Pronotum cordate, little transverse, MPW/PL = 1.19, lateral margins distinctly sinuate before very slightly acute, projected hind angles; pronotal base narrow, MPW/BPW = 1.63; median base depressed relative to disc, 12-14 punctures laterally plus wrinkles present along juncture with disc; basal margin straight; median longitudinal impression fine, very shallow; anterior transverse impression broad, shallow medially, crossed by longitudinal wrinkles, deep, continuous in lateral 2/3; anterior callosity slightly convex, longitudinal wrinkles indistinct; front angles slightly projected, tightly rounded; pronotal apical width greater than basal width, APW/BPW = 1.10; lateral marginal depression narrow throughout, margin upturned to beaded; laterobasal depression moderately broad, slightly raised medially. Proepisternum with 6 punctures along hind marginal groove; prosternal process medially concave, margin smoothly upraised. Elytra convex, sides depressed; basal groove meeting lateral marginal depression at subangulate humerus; elytra narrow basally, MEW/HuW = 2.10; parascutellar seta present; parascutellar striole shallow, smooth, with 1-2 punctures; sutural interval more convex than lateral intervals, the sutural juncture up raised; sutural stria deeper and more punctate than 2nd stria on disc, discal striae 3-5 traceable, smooth, stria 6 obsolete, stria 7 absent, associated intervals broadly, slightly convex on disc, flat laterally; 8th interval laterad position of 7th stria not more convex than more medial elytral surface; 2 dorsal elytral setae at 0.23 –0.29× and 0.66 × elytral length, setal impressions shallow, broad, spanning interval 3; apical and subapical setae present; lateral elytral setae arranged in anterior series of 7 setae and posterior series of 6 setae; elytral marginal depression narrow, margin upturned; subapical sinuation shallow, broad. Mesepisternum with ~8 punctures in 2-3 rows; metepisternal width to length ratio = 0.79; metepisternum/metepimeron suture distinct. Abdomen with shallow, indistinct lateral wrinkles on ventrites 1-3; suture between ventrites 2 and 3 complete; apical female ventrite with 4 equally spaced setae and median pair of 2 small setae along ventrite margin. Legs-metatarsomere 1/metatibial length ratio = 0.18; metatarsomere 4 length along outer lobe 1.4 × medial tarsomere length, apical and subapical setae present; metatarsal dorsolateral sulci narrow, canaliculated, median carina broad. Microsculpture of vertex isodiametric sculpticells in transverse rows; pronotal disc with transverse mesh and parallel lines, median base with distinct isodiametric sculpticells; elytral apex covered with reflective transverse mesh; metasternum with reflective transverse mesh; laterobasal abdominal ventrites with swirling isodiametric and transverse microsculpture. Coloration of vertex rufobrunneous with piceous cast; antennomeres 1-3 flavous, 4-11 rufobrunneous; pronotal disc rufopiceous, lateral margins and pronotal base broadly rufoflavous; proepipleuron rufoflavous, proepisternum rufobrunneous with piceous cast; elytral disc reflective rufopiceous, sutural interval rufous basally, flavous apically; elytral margins broadly paler, intervals 8-9 rufoflavous to flavous at marginal depression, elytral apex broadly rufoflavous to flavous apicad subapical sinuation; elytral epipleuron flavous, metepisternum rufobrunneous with piceous cast; abdomen with ventrites 1-2 and base of 3 piceous, apex of 3 rufoflavous, ventrites 4-6 flavous; metafemur flavous; metatibia rufoflavous.</p><p>Female reproductive tract. The lone female specimen was not dissected.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Female (BPBM) labeled: HAWAIIAN IS.: Maui I: / Kipahulu Valley: West Camp; / 12.vii.1983 // at night on tree trunks / F.G. Howarth, Col. / BISHOP Museum // HOLOTYPE / Mecyclothorax / refulgens / Liebherr / det. J.K. Liebherr 2015 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The dorsal body surface of these beetles is quite reflective, leading to use of the present participle of the Latin verb refulgeo-to shine-as the species epithet. The nominative singular participle refulgens maintains its ending regardless of gender.</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax refulgens is distributed in upper Kīpahulu Valley (Fig. 85), 1860 m elevation. The type specimen was collected from a tree trunk at night.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A75D4202EA58D94F28C87D2F1649010	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
799E729EC7FF6698207C79937DE8565E.text	799E729EC7FF6698207C79937DE8565E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax argutulus	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(065) Mecyclothorax argutulus sp. n. Figs 81D, 82 C–D, 86</p><p>Diagnosis .</p><p>This species (Fig. 81D) and Mecyclothorax argutuloides (Fig. 87C) comprise a second sister-species pair within the Haleakalā Mecyclothorax argutor group. Both species can be told by the broad, robust pronotum that is little constricted basally, MPW/BPW = 1.38-1.40. Of the two, this species displays a more robust appearance, with the pronotal lateral margins broad, and elytra broadly expanded laterally with broad, translucent lateral marginal depressions. The eyes of Mecyclothorax argutulus beetles are also less convex, ocular ratio = 1.33, though covering about as much of the ocular lobe as observed in Mecyclothorax argutuloides; ocular lobe ratio for this species = 0.69, ratios of Mecyclothorax argutuloides individuals span 0.68-0.73. Setal formula 2 2 2-4 2; the single specimen has two dorsal elytral setae on the left elytron, four on the right. Standardized body length 6.1 mm.</p><p>Description</p><p>(n = 1). Head capsule with frontal grooves broad near clypeus, a broad, straight lateral carina extended to anterior supraorbital seta; dorsal surface of neck slightly concave; ocular lobe broadly expanded from gena, outer surface of eye not extended beyond curvature of lobe; horizontal diameter of eye crosses 18-19 ommatidia; labral anterior margin broadly, shallowly emarginate; antennae filiform, antennomere 3 sparsely setose; mentum tooth with sides acute, apex pointed. Pronotum slightly transverse, MPW/PL = 1.22, the lateral margins distinctly sinuate before the acute, very projected hind angles, the pronotal base broad so that MPW/BPW = 1.40; median base depressed relative to disc, rugose due to dense wrinkles and punctures; basal margin broadly extended medially between laterobasal depressions; median longitudinal impression fine, shallow, crossed by shallow transverse wrinkles; anterior transverse impression deeply incised, smooth, anterior callosity broadly convex, smooth; front angles well projected, rounded; pronotal apical width subequal to broad basal width, APW/BPW = 0.98; lateral marginal depression broad, margin broadly upraised; laterobasal depression broad, slightly upraised tubercle present. Proepisternum with 6 punctures along hind marginal groove; prosternal process medially concave, margin smoothly upraised. Elytra subquadrate, broadest behind middle, MEW/MPW = 1.38 elytral disc flat, sides moderately sloped; basal groove recurved at tightly rounded humerus, MEW/HuW = 1.83; parascutellar seta present; parascutellar striole deep, smooth, with 5 elongate punctures; sutural interval slightly convex, similar to lateral intervals; sutural and 2nd striae of subequal depth from base to apex; discal striae 1-5 minutely punctate, continuous, stria 6 reduced, very shallow, stria 7 traceable only; 8th interval laterad 7th stria of similar convexity to more medial intervals; the 2 paired dorsal elytral setae at 0.24 –0.27× and 0.54- 0.56 × elytral length, extra dorsal setae on the right elytron at 0.45 × and 0.82 × elytral length, setal impressions shallow, spanning about ½ width of interval 3; apical and subapical setae present; lateral elytral setae arranged in anterior series of 7 setae and a posterior series of 6 setae; elytral marginal depression moderately broad, translucent and lined with sculpticells, margin upturned; subapical sinuation shallow, broad. Mesepisternum with ~6 shallow punctures on a glossy surface; metepisternal width to length ratio = 0.89; metepisternum/metepimeron suture a broad, incomplete depression; metathoracic flight wing a triangular flap, 1.7 × long as broad, remnant R and M veins present, the flap extended to hind margin of metanotum. Abdomen with shallow indistinct lateral wrinkles on ventrites 1-3; suture between ventrites 2 and 3 complete; apical male ventrite with 2 marginal setae. Legs-metatarsomere 1/metatibial length ratio = 0.17; metatarsomere 4 length along outer lobe 1.25 × medial tarsomere length, apical and subapical setae present; metatarsal dorsolateral sulci broad, shallow. Microsculpture of vertex shallow isodiametric sculpticells in transverse rows; pronotal disc with shallow transverse mesh, median base with distinct isodiametric sculpticells; elytral disc with an elongate transverse mesh, the sculpticells more distinct on the elytral apex; metasternum with distinct transverse mesh; laterobasal abdominal ventrites with swirling isodiametric and transverse microsculpture. Coloration of vertex brunneous with piceous cast; antennomeres 1-3 and base of 4 rufoflavous, apical portion with piceous cast; pronotal disc rufopiceous, lateral marginal depression broadly rufoflavous; proepipleuron rufoflavous with piceous cast, proepisternum rufopiceous; elytral disc reflective rufobrunneous with piceous cast, sutural interval concolorous basally, rufoflavous apically; elytral margins narrowly rufoflavous in lateral depression, apex slightly, broadly paler; elytral epipleuron rufoflavous, metepisternum rufopiceous; abdomen rufopiceous, slightly paler laterally, apical half of apical ventrite broadly paler, rufoflavous; metafemur and metatibia rufoflavous.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 1). Aedeagal median lobe very robust, distance from parameral articulation to tip 3.6 × depth at midlength (Fig. 82C); apex narrowly extended beyond ostial opening, tip angled downward, tightly rounded; median lobe curved rightward near apex in ventral view (Fig. 82D), median shaft very broad, expanded medially, maximum breadth 0.37 × parameral articulation-tip distance; internal sac with very large dorsal ostial microtrichial patch (right patch in Fig. 82D), plus well-developed ventral ostial microtrichial patch; flagellar plate moderately short, length 0.33 × parameral articulation-tip distance (estimated from shadow of sclerotized plate inside dorsal margin; Fig. 82C).</p><p>Holotype .</p><p>Male (CUIC) dissected and labeled: HI:Maui Haleakala / Hanawi N.A.R. Kuhiwa / Str. E Poouli Cabin 6-V- / 1998 lot 03 1615 m el. / under rocks along / stream C.P. Ewing // HOLOTYPE / Mecyclothorax / argutulus / Liebherr / det. J.K. Liebherr 2015 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The adjectival species epithet argutulus is the diminutive of argutus, clear, bright, or sharp (Brown 1956).</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>This species is known from Kuhiwa Stream, 1600 m elevation on the Hanawī windward face of Haleakalā (Fig. 86). The type specimen was collected from under a rock in the streambed; an unusual microhabitat for a Mecyclothorax beetle on Maui. However on the island of Moloka‘i where streams have smaller catchments and lower flow rates, several Mecyclothorax have been collected in streamside habitats, including Mecyclothorax argutor (Sharp), Mecyclothorax palustris (Sharp), and Mecyclothorax cymindoides Liebherr (2007).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/799E729EC7FF6698207C79937DE8565E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
85C0163BCB5BAC862620F76313C021AB.text	85C0163BCB5BAC862620F76313C021AB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax planipennis	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(066) Mecyclothorax planipennis sp. n. Figs 82 E–H, 83B, 84B, 86, 87A</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>This species (Fig. 87A) and Mecyclothorax planatus (Fig. 87B) comprise the third sister-species pair within the Haleakalā Mecyclothorax argutor group fauna. Their adelphotaxon status is supported by the broad depressions of the elytra; an anterior depression centered each side on the anterior dorsal elytral seta, and a posterior depression implicating intervals 1-5 and lying posterolaterad of the posterior dorsal elytral seta. A second synapomorphy for the pair is the presence of four marginal setae on the male apical abdominal ventrite, a character not observed in any other Hawaiian Mecyclothorax species. Mecyclothorax planipennis can be differentiated from Mecyclothorax planatus by: 1, elytral intervals slightly convex near anterior dorsal elytral seta, not flat as in Mecyclothorax planatus; 2, pronotum tending to be relatively less constricted basally, MPW/BPW = 1.45-1.50 versus values of 1.49-1.60 in Mecyclothorax planatus, that basal constriction leading to a diagnostic difference in apical versus basal pronotal widths, APW/BPW = 1.02-1.05 for Mecyclothorax planipennis versus APW/BPW = 1.06-1.15 for Mecyclothorax planatus . Although these species are exceedingly similar in outward appearance, the male aedeagal median lobes differ distinctively. The median lobe tip of Mecyclothorax planipennis males is pointed (Fig. 82 E–H), whereas the median lobe tip of Mecyclothorax planatus males is bluntly rounded (Fig. 82 I–L). Setal formula 2 2 2 2. Standardized body length 5.2-5.7 mm.</p><p>Description</p><p>(n = 5). Head capsule with frontal grooves broad near clypeus, a broad lateral carina posterad to anterior supraorbital seta; dorsal surface of neck flat to convex; eyes moderately convex, ocular lobe obtusely extended from gena, ocular ratio = 1.41-1.51, ocular lobe ratio = 0.72-0.80; labral anterior margin broadly, shallowly emarginate; antennae filiform, antennomere 3 sparsely setose; mentum tooth with sides acute, apex tightly rounded. Pronotum transverse, MPW/PL = 1.30-1.39; hind angle right, margin behind rounded, lateral margin subparallel to slightly convergent for short distance anterad angle; median base depressed relative to disc, covered with rugose wrinkles and punctures; basal margin broadly convex medially; median longitudinal impression fine, shallow; anterior transverse impression broad, bordered anteriorly by depressed to slightly convex anterior callosity, the callosity crossed by numerous, densely packed longitudinal wrinkles; front angles slightly projected, rounded; lateral marginal depression moderately narrow, edge upturned; laterobasal depression broadly concave. Proepisternum with 6 punctures along hind marginal groove; prosternal process medially concave, margins broadly upraised. Elytra subquadrate, disc flattened due to anterior elytral depressions, sides moderately sloped; basal groove evenly curved to subangulate juncture with lateral marginal depression, the lateral marginal depression broader than basal groove, MEW/HuW = 1.83-1.92; parascutellar seta present; parascutellar striole shallow, with 6-7 punctures; sutural interval more convex than lateral intervals, sutural juncture upraised; sutural and 2nd striae of subequal depth from base to apex; discal striae 1-4 punctate in basal 2/3 of length, stria 5 continuous, striae 6-7 obsolete laterally, striae 1-5 and 7 evident at elytral apex; 8th interval convexly elevated immediately laterad 7th stria; 2 dorsal elytral setae at 0.26 –0.29× and 0.54 –0.60× elytral length, setal impression spanning interval 3; apical and subapical setae present; lateral elytral setae arranged in anterior series of 7 setae and posterior series of 6 setae; elytral marginal depression moderately broad, lined with sculpticells, margin upturned; subapical sinuation shallow, broad. Mesepisternum with ~14 punctures in 2-3 rows; metepisternal width to length ratio = 0.75; metepisternum/metepimeron suture distinct. Abdomen with 1-2 longitudinal, lateral wrinkles on ventrites 1-4; suture between ventrites 2 and 3 complete; apical male ventrite with 4 equally spaced marginal setae (a 5th unilateral seta in one individual), apical female ventrite with 4 equally space marginal setae and median trapezoid of 4 subequal, short setae. Legs-metatarsomere 1/metatibial length ratio = 0.19; metatarsomere 4 length along outer lobe 1.3 × medial tarsomere length, apical and subapical setae present; metatarsal dorsolateral sulci narrow, canaliculated, median carina broad. Microsculpture of vertex upraised isodiametric sculpticells in transverse rows; pronotal disc with isodiametric sculpticells in transverse rows, median base with upraised isodiametric mesh; elytral disc with upraised isodiametric sculpticells in transverse rows, apex with upraised isodiametric sculpticells; metasternum with transverse mesh; laterobasal abdominal ventrites with swirling isodiametric and transverse microsculpture. Coloration of vertex brunneous with piceous cast; antennomeres 1-3 rufoflavous, 4-11 darker, with piceous cast; pronotal disc rufobrunneous with piceous cast, margins paler, rufoflavous in lateral depression; proepipleuron rufoflavous, proepisternum rufobrunneous with piceous cast; elytral disc reflective rufobrunneous, sutural interval rufous basally, rufoflavous apically; elytral margins narrowly rufoflavous in lateral depression, apex slightly, broadly paler; elytral epipleuron rufoflavous, metepisternum rufopiceous; abdomen uniformly dark, rufopiceous, apical abdominal ventrite very narrowly paler, rufoflavous; metafemur with basal half rufopiceous, apex flavous; metatibia rufobrunneous with piceous cast.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 3). Aedeagal median lobe robust, distance from parameral articulation to tip 3.2 × depth at midlength (Fig. 82E, G–H); apex briefly extended beyond ostial opening, apical face broadly flattened, tip acutely angulate, slightly downturned; median lobe straight in ventral view (Fig. 82F), right margin indented before rounded tip in this view, left margin slightly curved; internal sac with ventral surface covered with denser microspicules (Fig. 82 G–H), a ventral ostial microtrichial patch either present (Fig. 82H) or absent (Fig. 82G) near sac base; flagellar plate large, length 0.56 –0.61× parameral articulation-tip distance.</p><p>Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix columnar, elongate, length 0.97 mm, breadth 0.34 mm (Fig. 83B); bursal walls moderately opaque, thickly wrinkled; gonocoxite 1 with 2-3 apical fringe setae and 3-4 smaller setae on medial surface (Fig. 84B); gonocoxite 2 falcate, tip pointed, base broadly extended laterally, 2 stout, apically narrowed lateral ensiform setae, apical nematiform setae on medial surface at 0.73 × gonocoxite length.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Female (BPBM) labeled: Paliku, Haleakala / Crater, Maui 6500', / near Kaupo Trail / VII-22-65 // J.W. Beardsley / Collector // HOLOTYPE / Mecyclothorax / planipennis / Liebherr / det. J.K. Liebherr 2015 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Paratypes.</p><p>HI: Maui: Haleakala N.P., Haleakala Crater, Paliku, banana bait trap, 1960 m el., 25-vii-1962, Hardy (BPBM, 1), diphacinone bait station, 1830- 1950 m el., 21-x-1997, Takumi (BPBM, 1), 8-i-1998, Takumi (BPBM, 1), 01-v-2008, Kaholoa‘a (BPBM, 1), Kipahulu Vy., West Camp, pyrethrin fog Metrosideros /moss, 1960 m el., 19-v-1998 lot 01, Polhemus (NMNH, 3), below Kuiki, sift Metrosideros litter, 2145 m el., 16-v-2001 lot 02, Liebherr (CUIC, 6); Hana For. Res., Waihoi Vy., 1372 m el., 12-vii-1981, Montgomery (BPBM, 1).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The species epithet planipennis compounds the Latin planus, or even, flat, with the plural of penna, or wing; therefore planipennis, flat wings. The species epithet is treated as a noun in apposition.</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax planipennis is distributed from Paliku on the west to Waiho‘i Valley on the east, and across upper Kīpahulu Valley from West Camp on the north to Kuiki on the south (Fig. 86). Locality elevations range 1372-2145 m. Beetles have been found on mossy ‘ōhi‘a trunks and in ‘ōhi‘a leaf litter. They have also entered banana bait traps (Hardy, BPBM) and diphacinone rat traps (Takumi Kaholoa‘a, BPBM).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/85C0163BCB5BAC862620F76313C021AB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
C9E38541CA8E7897DD0BC7B63E8780A6.text	C9E38541CA8E7897DD0BC7B63E8780A6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax planatus	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(067) Mecyclothorax planatus sp. n. Figs 82 I–L, 83C, 84C, 86, 87B</p><p>Diagnosis .</p><p>This is the adelphotaxon to Mecyclothorax planipennis, treated immediately above, with the two species synapomorphically united by the anterior and posterior dorsal elytral depressions (Fig. 87 A–B), and by the males possessing four marginal setae on the apical abdominal ventrite. The pronotal base exhibited by members of this species is narrower relative to maximum pronotal width; MPW/BPW = 1.49-1.60, and APW/BPW = 1.06-1.15. The discal elytral intervals within the anterior elytral depression are flatter in this species (Fig. 87B), and the male aedeagal median lobe is bluntly rounded (Figs 82 I–L). Setal formula 2 2 2 2. Standardized body length 5.2-5.7 mm.</p><p>Description</p><p>(n = 5). As in the taxonomic treatments of other cryptic sibling species pairs in this revision, this description provides only those attributes and measurements that deviate from the description provided above for the sibling species, Mecyclothorax planipennis . Eyes tending to be more convex than in Mecyclothorax planipennis; ocular ratio = 1.47-1.53, ocular lobe ratio = 0.72-0.80. Pronotum transverse, MPW/PL = 1.30-1.37. Elytra subquadrate, but narrower basally than in Mecyclothorax planipennis, MEW/HuW = 1.91-2.02; discal strial punctures small, little expanding strial breadth within anterior elytral depression; lateral marginal depression extremely narrow at humerus, the lateral margin depression and basal groove similarly upraised laterad and mesad humeral angle.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 5). Aedeagal median lobe robust, distance from parameral articulation to tip 3.2 × depth at midlength (Fig. 82I, K–L); apex little extended beyond ostial opening, flattened on apical face, tip acutely rounded; median lobe curved rightward near apex, right and left margins subparallel near (Fig. 82J); internal sac with small dorsal ostial microtrichial patch and larger, heavily spiculated and projected ventral ostial microtrichial patch (Fig. 82K); flagellar plate very large, length 0.67 × parameral articulation-tip distance.</p><p>Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix columnar, length 0.84 mm, breadth 0.46 mm (Fig. 83C); bursal walls translucent, thickly wrinkled; gonocoxite 1 with 4 apical fringe setae and 3 smaller setae on medial surface (Fig. 84C); gonocoxite 2 falcate, base extended laterally, 2 stout, apically narrowed lateral ensiform setae, apical nematiform setae on medial surface at 0.75 × length of gonocoxite.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Male (CUIC) labeled: HI: Maui Haleakala NW / slope Waikamoi Pres. / trans. 3 @ 1700 m el. / 8-V-1991 scraping / ohia w/ moss &amp; dirt // J.K. Liebherr / collector // Mecyclothorax / nsp platysminus / ♂ #1 EM / J.E. Hayden 2005 // HOLOTYPE / Mecyclothorax / planatus / Liebherr / det. J.K. Liebherr 2015 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Paratypes.</p><p>91 specimens (see Appendix).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The adjectival species epithet planatus is derived from the Latin planus, flat or level, and signifies the flattened qualities of beetles of this species.</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax planatus is broadly distributed across the higher elevation forests in the Waikamoi area, with a population known from the western reaches of Ko‘olau Gap (Fig. 86). It can occupy open shrubland such as occurs at Halemau‘u Trailhead (2438 m), or lower-elevation Koa- ‘Ōhi‘a Forest (1210-2438 m). It has been found on koa trunks by scraping the flaky bark, or in moss on ‘ōhi‘a trunks. It has been collected also in sifted litter from ‘Ōhi‘a Forest, as well as under rocks resting on bare soil. That is has been a repeatedly encountered species since G.C. Munro collected a specimen at Olinda in 1936, but was not seen earlier by either Blackburn or Perkins suggests a fundamental change in relative abundances of Mecyclothorax species in this area over the last century.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C9E38541CA8E7897DD0BC7B63E8780A6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
2F9430F132390F84290FB41439A25978.text	2F9430F132390F84290FB41439A25978.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax argutuloides	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(068) Mecyclothorax argutuloides sp. n. Figs 83D, 84D, 86, 87C, 88 A–B</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>This species (Fig. 87C) looks like a smaller bodied, allometrically more conservative version of its adelphotaxon, Mecyclothorax argutulus (Fig. 81D). Both species share a little transverse, basally broad pronotum; MPW/PL = 1.19-1.22, MPW/BPW = 1.38-1.40 for this species; values that subsume the ratios derived from the unique Mecyclothorax argutulus holotype. However the body proportions of this species are narrower overall, leading to a more gracile appearance. The pronotal lateral marginal depression is narrow at midlength, and although the elytra are narrower in this species than in its robust relative, the elytra are still broader relative to the pronotum; MEW/MPW = 1.39-1.47 versus MEW/MPW = 1.38 in Mecyclothorax argutulus . The elytra tend to have more dorsal elytral setae present, though presence of these setae is also unstable in this species. Of the four specimens available, the setal counts for left plus right elytra are: 4 + 4, 4 + 3, 2 + 3, and 3 + 4; setal formula 2 2 3-4(2) 2. Standardized body length 5.3-5.6 mm, versus 6.2 mm for its closest relative.</p><p>Description</p><p>(n = 4). Head capsule with frontal grooves broad near clypeus, sinuous, broad convex carina to mesad anterior supraorbital seta; dorsal surface of neck slightly concave; eyes small, little convex, ocular lobe obtusely extended from ocular lobe, ocular ratio = 1.36-1.42, ocular lobe ratio 0.68-0.73; labral anterior margin broadly shallowly emarginate; antennomeres 2-3 with sparse pelage of short setae; mentum tooth with sides acute, apex rounded. Pronotum with lateral margin slightly convergent before acute hind angle, the angle acute even with convexly rounded margin behind angle; median base depressed relative to disc, rugose due to elongate wrinkles and punctures; basal margin broadly extended medially between laterobasal depressions, also convexly expanded posteriorly behind depressions to hind angle; median longitudinal impression finely incised, shallow; anterior transverse impression deeply incised, smooth, anterior callosity broadly convex, the callosity smooth with indistinct longitudinal wrinkles; front angles projected, tightly rounded; apical and basal pronotal widths subequal, APW/BPW = 0.96 -1.02; lateral marginal depression narrow at midlength, broader at front angles, expanded in basal sinuation, margin upturned; laterobasal depression broadly concave, median tubercle present in some individuals. Proepisternum with 6 punctures along hind marginal groove; prosternal process medially concave, margin smoothly upraised. Elytra subquadrate, disc flat, sides moderately sloped; basal groove subangulate at base of sutural stria, extended to tightly angled humerus, the lateral marginal depression broader, its margin more upraised laterad humerus, MEW/HuW 1.75-1.85; parascutellar seta present; parascutellar striole deep, with 3-4 elongate punctures, smooth between punctures; sutural interval convexity only slightly more convex than lateral intervals, sutural juncture upraised at midlength, depressed basally and apically; sutural and 2nd striae of subequal depth from base to apex; discal striae 1-5 present, the median 4 striae continuous, stria 5 partially interrupted, stria 6 reduced and stria 7 only traceable; discal strial punctures minute, only slightly expanding strial breadth and associated with strial irregularities; 8th interval laterad 7th stria of similar convexity to more mesal intervals; up to 4 dorsal elytral setae, at 0.22 –0.24×, 0.38 –0.46×, 0.52 –0.52×, and 0.67 –0.74× elytral length when all are present, setal impressions shallow, spanning about ½ width of interval 3; apical and subapical setae present; lateral elytral setae arranged in anterior series of 7 setae and posterior series of 6 setae; elytral marginal depression moderately broad, lined with sculpticells, margin upturned; subapical sinuation shallow, broad. Mesepisternum with ~7 shallow punctures on glossy surface; metepisternal width to length ratio = 0.80; metepisternum/metepimeron suture distinct; the metepisternal ratio is 0.88, and the suture indistinct in the robust adelphotaxon, Mecyclothorax argutulus . Abdomen with shallow indistinct lateral wrinkles on ventrites 1-3; suture between ventrites 2 and 3 complete; apical male ventrite with 2 setae, apical female ventrite with 4 equally spaced setae and median trapezoid of 4 subequal, short setae. Legs-metatarsomere 1/metatibial length ratio = 0.18; metatarsomere 4 length along outer lobe 1.4 × medial tarsomere length, apical and subapical setae present; metatarsal dorsolateral sulci shallow, broad. Microsculpture of vertex a shallow isodiametric mesh in transverse rows; pronotal disc with shallow transverse mesh, median base with distinct isodiametric sculpticells; elytral disc with elongate transverse mesh, apex with reflective transverse mesh; metasternum with reflective transverse mesh; laterobasal abdominal ventrites with swirling isodiametric and transverse sculpticells. Coloration of vertex rufobrunneous; antennomeres 1-3 and base of 4 rufoflavous, balance of antennae with a piceous cast; pronotal disc rufobrunneous with a piceous cast, margins concolorous, depression rufoflavous at front angles; proepipleuron rufoflavous, proepisternum rufobrunneous with piceous cast; elytral disc reflective rufobrunneous, sutural interval concolorous basally, slightly paler apically; elytral margins narrowly rufoflavous in lateral depression, apex broadly paler, rufoflavous; elytral epipleuron rufoflavous, metepisternum rufobrunneous with piceous cast; abdomen rufobrunneous, slightly paler laterally, apical half of apical abdominal ventrite broadly paler, rufoflavous; metafemur rufoflavous; metatibia rufoflavous with brunneous cast.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 1). Aedeagal median lobe robust, dorsal margin flat, distance from parameral articulation to tip 3.7 × depth at midlength (Fig. 88A); apex elongate, with groove extended from ostial opening to downwardly curved, acutely rounded tip; median lobe apex slightly curved rightward in ventral view (Fig. 88B); median shaft broadly expanded medially, maximum breadth 0.32 × parameral articulation-tip distance; internal sac with large dorsal ostial microtrichial patch (right patch in Fig. 88B), and smaller ventral ostial microtrichial patch; flagellar plate of moderate size, length 0.33 × parameral articulation-tip distance.</p><p>Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix very elongate, slightly broader in apical half, length 1.37 mm, breadth 0.43 mm (Fig. 83D); bursal walls moderately opaque, thickly wrinkled; gonocoxite 1 with 3-4 apical fringe setae, 2 of the setae larger, the balance smaller (Fig. 84D), 7 smaller setae on medial surface; gonocoxite 2 narrowly falcate, base broadly, moderately extended laterally, 2 broad lateral ensiform setae (apices worn), apical nematiform setae on medial surface at 0.90 × gonocoxite length.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Male (CUIC) labeled: HI:Maui Haleakala N.P. / Kipahulu Vy., 2100 m el. / 7-V-1991 sifting / leaf litter by day // S. Jessel / A.C. Medeiros, /Jr. collectors // Mecyclothorax / argutuloides / ♂ photo / det. J.K. Liebherr 2014 // HOLOTYPE / Mecyclothorax / argutuloides / Liebherr / det. J.K. Liebherr 2015 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Paratypes.</p><p>HI: Maui, Haleakala, Upper Hana For. Res., [= Wai‘anapanapa], 2073 m el., 8-v-1973 (BPBM, 1); same data as holotype (CUIC, 2).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The adjectival species epithet argutuloides modifies the epithet argutulus proposed above for a closely related species, leading to a name that signifies "like the small shining" Mecyclothorax argutulus . Again Perrault’s (1984, 1986, 1988, 1989) convention of using a common stem for epithets of closely related species is employed.</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax argutuloides is known from Wai 'anapanapa, 2070 m elevation in the Hāna Bogs area, and upper Kīpahulu Valley, 2100 m elevation (Fig. 86). The Kīpahulu specimen was collected in a sifted leaf litter sample.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2F9430F132390F84290FB41439A25978	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
41C9F90325A79510B1F39817A0959EDC.text	41C9F90325A79510B1F39817A0959EDC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax cordithorax Liebherr	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(069) Mecyclothorax cordithorax Liebherr Figs 83E, 84E, 87D, 88 C–I, 89</p><p>Mecyclothorax cordithorax Liebherr 2005b: 115.</p><p>Mecyclothorax robustus Sharp, Loope et al. 1988: 55, Cole et al. 1992: 1317 (misidentifications).</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>This, the most commonly encountered Mecyclothorax species on Haleakalā, can be diagnosed by the distinctly punctate elytral striae (Fig. 87D), little upraised sutural interval, and transverse pronotum with constricted base, MPW/PL = 1.25-1.38, MPW/BPW = 1.46-1.56. In body proportions this species approaches the Mecyclothorax planipennis - Mecyclothorax planatus species pair, but the cuticular microsculpture of Mecyclothorax cordithorax beetles is much smoother and more transverse, with the pronotal disc, for example, covered with a mixture of shallow transverse mesh and shallow transverse lines. Setal formula 2 2 2 2. Standardized body length 4.4-6.2 mm (vast majority of beetles&gt; 4.6 mm length).</p><p>Identification</p><p>(n = 5). The eyes are moderately convex, ocular ratio = 1.40-1.48. The pronotal disc is smooth with shallow transverse wrinkles-looking like lap marks on a painted surface-with the distinctly depressed median base covered with isolated puncture and more rugose, longitudinal wrinkles. The elytral striation is well developed, with striae 1-4 continuous and deep to the elytral apex. Striae 5-6 are shallower laterally and apically, with 6 interrupted between some punctures, and stria 7 traceable only as a series of shallow, isolated elongate punctures. Stria 7 is deep on the elytral apex, with interval 8 medially convex laterad the deep stria. The microsculpture on the vertex comprises isodiametric sculpticells in transverse rows. The pronotal median base is covered with distinct isodiametric sculpticells resulting in a granulate surface. The elytral disc has upraised isodiametric sculpticells mixed with transversely stretched sculpticells, the resultant mesh with a reflective surface. The body is rufous to rufobrunneous with a variable piceous cast, contrasting with the flavous legs.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 7). Aedeagal median lobe robust, distance from parameral articulation to tip 3.2 × depth at midlength (Fig. 88 D–E, G, I); apex little extended beyond ostial opening, flattened apically, tip acutely rounded (Fig. 88G, I) to acutely pointed (Fig. 88 D–E); median lobe slightly curved rightward near apex in ventral view, left margin converging toward right to bluntly rounded tip (Fig. 88F, H); internal sac with small dorsal ostial microtrichial patch and larger, heavily spiculated and projected ventral ostial microtrichial patch (Fig. 88I); flagellar plate large, length 0.61 × parameral articulation-tip distance.</p><p>Female reproductive tract (n = 3). Bursa copulatrix columnar, apically narrowed, length 0.97-1.03 mm, breadth 0.40-0.45 mm (Fig. 83E); bursal walls moderately opaque, thickly wrinkled; gonocoxite 1 with 4 apical fringe setae, 6-9 smaller setae on medial surface (Fig. 84E); gonocoxite 2 broad basally, subtriangular with angled apex, tip tightly rounded, 2 stout lateral ensiform setae, apical nematiform setae on medial surface at 0.75 × gonocoxite length.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Female (CUIC) designated by Liebherr (2005b: 116). Type locality is HI: Maui, Haleakalā, Haleakalā N.P., Hosmer’s Grove, 2060 m el.</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Of all of the open country, high-elevation species, Mecyclothorax cordithorax has a very broad distribution that is unique among Haleakalā Mecyclothorax (Fig. 89). It occupies shrubland habitats from 1600-2750 m elevation, but does not occur at Haleakalā summit. It occurs in Haleakalā Crater, but only where there is some topographic relief, such as along the margins at Paliku, Kaupō Gap, or Holua, or mid-crater at Pu‘u Māmane . Its native microhabitats include Deschampsia nubigena (hairgrass) tufts, leaf litter under Sophora chrysophylla ( māmane), koa and ‘ōhi‘a trunks in mesic forest, as well as microhabitats associated with various other native plants: Cheirodendron ('ōlapa), Coprosma (pilo), Dryopteris ferns, Leptecophylla (pūkiawe), Pipturus ( māmaki), Rubus ( ‘ākala), and Vaccinium ('ōhelo). It will occupy microhabitats on or near exotic species such as Eucalyptus or Pinus ponderosa . This exceedingly broad occurrence in shrubland habitats begs the question why neither Blackburn nor Perkins collected this species before Sharp’s (1903) revision of the Hawaiian Carabidae . The first specimen was collected by Perkins at 5000 ft. (1524 m) in 1913. Thereafter it was collected by a long line of Hawaiian entomologists and botanists; e.g. Giffard, Timberlake, Forbes, Swezey, Beardsley, Burkhart, Medeiros, Howarth, Stone, Kaholoa‘a, and Krushelnycky. The sudden appearance of this species leading to its status as the dominant shrubland carabid species speaks to an ecological resetting of this community during the early 20th Century.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41C9F90325A79510B1F39817A0959EDC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
EC43334412F8C24DB478C4A63C860012.text	EC43334412F8C24DB478C4A63C860012.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax major	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(070) Mecyclothorax major sp. n. Figs 90A, 91 A–B, 94</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>With standardized body length 4.5 mm, this is the largest-bodied species of the Mecyclothorax microps group residing across all islands. Like Mecyclothorax minor (Fig. 90B) and Mecyclothorax angusticollis (Fig. 90C), the elytra are parallel sided and narrow relative to the pronotum (Fig. 90A); MEW/MPW = 1.42 for this species. The cuticle is more pallid than observed in Mecyclothorax angusticollis, and the pronotum is more constricted basally than in Mecyclothorax minor . Also, the elytra have a single dorsal elytral seta at the anterior position, resulting in the setal formula 2 2 1 0 unique to this species within the species group.</p><p>Description</p><p>(n = 1). Head capsule with frontal grooves convexly curved from clypeus to mesad anterior supraorbital seta, broad carina laterad convex groove; dorsal impression of neck slightly concave; eyes little convex, ocular lobe very obtusely extended from gena, ocular ratio = 1.31; ocular lobe ratio = 0.73; 10-11 ommatidia across horizontal diameter of eye; labral anterior margin angularly emarginate medially, impressed 1/7 length of labrum; antennomeres 2-3 with sparse pelage of short setae; antennae submoniliform; mentum tooth with sides acute, apex pointed. Pronotum little transverse, MPW/PL = 1.19, base moderately constricted, MPW/BPW = 1.49, with lateral margin straight to sinuate anterad obtuse hind angle; median base depressed relative to disc, covered with minute punctures basally and minute wrinkles at juncture with disc; basal margin slightly convex between laterobasal depressions; median longitudinal impression finely incised, shallow; anterior transverse impression broad, moderately deep laterally, obsolete medially; anterior callosity coplanar with disc medially, crossed by distinct wrinkles; front angles moderately produced, tightly rounded; pronotal apical and basal widths subequal, APW/BPW = 0.99; lateral marginal depression moderately broad with upturned margin before lateral seta, narrow with upraised margin to hind angle; laterobasal depression with irregular surface, continuous with lateral marginal depression. Proepisternum with 5-6 minute punctures along hind margin; prosternal process broadly depressed medially. Elytra subparallel, disc medially depressed, sides markedly depressed to margins; basal groove broadly recurved on rounded humeri, MEW/HuW = 1.84; parascutellar seta absent; parascutellar striole discontinuous, with 4-5 small punctures; sutural interval coplanar with lateral intervals basally, slightly upraised in apical half; sutural interval deeper and more steeply sided than 2nd stria throughout most of length, striae of subequal depth at elytral apex; discal striae 1-4 shallow, punctate, striae 5-6 a series of isolated punctures, stria 7 absent near midlength; discal intervals 2-4 flat; 8th interval laterad 7th stria of same convexity as more mesal intervals; 1 dorsal elytral seta at 0.23 –0.26× elytral length, setal impressions shallow, spanning ½ width of interval 3; apical and subapical setae absent; lateral elytral setae arranged in anterior series of 7 setae and posterior series of 5 setae; elytral marginal depression moderately broad with margin upraised laterad humerus, beadlike from midlength to subapical sinuation; subapical sinuation shallow, more abruptly incurved anteriorly. Mesepisternum smooth; metepisternal width to length ratio = 0.58; metepisternum/metepimeron suture distinct; metathoracic flight wing length 2.33 × breadth, remnant R and M veins present, apex extended 0.75 × wing remnant’s length beyond hind margin of metanotum (all estimated by viewing through elytra). Abdomen with indistinct lateral wrinkles on ventrites 1-5; suture between ventrites 2 and 3 reduced laterally, effaced; apical male ventrite with 2 marginal setae. Legs-metatarsomere 1/metatibial length ratio = 0.20; metatarsomere 4 length along outer lobe 1.5 × medial tarsomere length, apical and subapical setae present; metatarsal dorsolateral sulci broad, basal tarsomeres medially subcarinate. Microsculpture of vertex an obsolete transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 × length; pronotal disc with obsolete transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 –4× length, portions of disc glossy, median base with mixture of isodiametric and transverse sculpticells, breadth 2 × length; elytral disc with shallow isodiametric mesh in transverse rows, apex with same mesh obsolete; metasternum with distinct transverse mesh; laterobasal abdominal ventrites with swirling isodiametric and transverse microsculpture. Coloration of vertex rufoflavous; antennomere 1 flavous, 2-7 rufoflavous (outer antennomeres broken off); pronotal disc and margins rufoflavous; proepipleuron flavous, proepisternum rufoflavous; elytral disc and sutural interval rufoflavous, marginal depression narrowly flavous; elytral apex and apices of intervals 7 -9 flavous apicad terminus of interval 4; elytral epipleuron flavous dorsally, rufoflavous ventrally, metepisternum rufoflavous; abdomen rufoflavous, apical half of apical ventrite 6 flavous; metafemur rufoflavous; metatibia rufoflavous with brunneous cast.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 1). Aedeagal median lobe slender, straight at midlength, shaft abruptly curved ventrally at base and apex (Fig. 91A); distance from parameral articulation to tip 5.4 × depth at midlength; apex broadly extended beyond ostial opening, tip blunt with dorsal angle rounded and ventral angle denticulate; median lobe abruptly curved rightward ear apex in ventral view (Fig. 91B), blunt tip appearing concave in this view; internal sac with broad fields of dark microspicules but no apparent macrospicules (assessed in uneverted type specimen); right paramere parallel sided, broad nearly to apex (Fig. 91A).</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Male (BPBM) dissected and labeled: Paliku, Haleakala / Crater, Maui 6500' / VI–20-26– 75 // R. Burkhart / Collector // pitfall trap // ACC. NO. 1990.009 / BISHOP Museum // HOLOTYPE / Mecyclothorax / major Liebherr / det. J.K. Liebherr 2015 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The Latin adjectival epithet major, i.e. larger, is used for this species in order to contrast it with the following Mecyclothorax minor .</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax major is known only from Paliku at the eastern margin of Haleakalā Crater (Fig. 94). The lone collecting event was in a pitfall trap, with the little developed eyes of this species also pointing to occupation of ground-level microhabitats.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EC43334412F8C24DB478C4A63C860012	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
9898FBFD6011515317F23E75203990D3.text	9898FBFD6011515317F23E75203990D3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax minor Britton	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(071) Mecyclothorax minor Britton Figs 90B, 91C, 94</p><p>Mecyclothorax minor Britton 1948b: 154.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>This species (Fig. 90B) and Mecyclothorax angusticollis (Fig. 90C) represent the two species of the Mecyclothorax microps group characterized by: 1, a quadrate, basally broad pronotum, MPW/BPW = 1.30-1.35; 2, both anterior and posterior dorsal elytral setae present; and 3, elytra that are narrow relative to the forebody, MEW/MPW = 1.35-1.44, MEW/MHW = 1.93-2.12. Britton distinguished his Mecyclothorax minor from Mecyclothorax angusticollis based on the paler body color, and the broader pronotal base with non-sinuate lateral margins anterad the obtuse hind angles. Setal formula 2 2 2 0. Standardized body length 3.7 mm.</p><p>Identification</p><p>(n = 1). The eyes are small, ocular ratio = 1.36, but cover much of the non-protruded ocular lobe, ocular lobe ratio = 0.79. The labrum is medially emarginate to 1/5 labral length. The pronotal median base is nearly coplanar with disc, and covered with 8-10 minute, isolated punctures each side. The laterobasal depressions are not present, with that area broadly convex to the narrow lateral and basal margins. The elytra are narrow, with the basal groove distinctly recurved on the tightly rounded humeri, MEW/HuW = 1.80. The sutural and 2nd striae are of equal development throughout their length, whereas striae 3-4 are of similar depth and punctation on the disc. Striae 5-6 are shallower and less punctate, and stria 7 shallower still and interrupted along its length. The 2 dorsal elytral setae are placed at 0.26 –0.30× and 0.59 –0.61× elytral length, with the setal impressions spanning half of interval 3. The vertex is covered with a shallow isodiametric and transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 × length; pronotal disc with transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 –4× length, the median base with mixture of isodiametric and transverse sculpticells; and elytral disc with transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 3 –4× length, and transverse lines, the apex with mixture of transverse sculpticells and parallel lines.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 2). Aedeagal median lobe moderately gracile, distance from parameral articulation to tip 3.7 × depth at midlength (Fig. 91C); apex extended for twice breadth beyond ostial opening, flattened on apical face, tip narrowly rounded; internal sac with a well-developed dorsal ostial microtrichial patch present, ventral surface broadly covered with microspicules; flagellar plate moderately large, length 0.45 × parameral articulation-tip distance.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Male (BMNH), dissected and labeled: Type (round red-margined label) // Haleakala, / Maui 5000ft. / Perkins. V 1896 // near microps // Sharp Coll. / 1905-313. // Hawaiian Is. / R.C.L. Perkins. // Cyclothorax / minor sp. n. / E.B. Britton / det. 1939.</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax minor was collected in Perkins’ lot 600 (Anonymous N D) consistent with a collecting locality near Ukulele Camp (Fig. 94). It has not been collected since, though the mesic forest surrounding Ukulele Pipeline near that elevation has been visited on several occasions.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9898FBFD6011515317F23E75203990D3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
AB3AF089FAB47392412E9994EEEA1D38.text	AB3AF089FAB47392412E9994EEEA1D38.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax angusticollis (Blackburn)	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(072) Mecyclothorax angusticollis (Blackburn) Figs 90C, 91 D–E, 92A, 93A, 94</p><p>Cyclothorax angusticollis Blackburn 1878b: 156; Blackburn and Sharp 1885: 216.</p><p>Mecyclothorax angusticollis, Sharp 1903: 246; Britton 1948b: 155.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>This species is distinguished from all others in the group by the transverse pronotum (Fig. 90C), MPW/PL = 1.21-1.28, that is broad relative to the elytra, MEW/MPW = 1.35-1.39. Most similar to Mecyclothorax minor, Mecyclothorax angusticollis can also be distinguished from that species by the distinct isodiametric sculpticells in transverse rows on the elytral disc and apex. Body coloration is darker as well, with the pronotal disc rufobrunneous to rufopiceous, and the elytra rufobrunneous, in some instances with an apical rufopiceous cloud. Setal formula 2 2 2 0. Standardized body length 3.2-3.7 mm.</p><p>Identification</p><p>(n = 5). The eyes are relatively flat, ocular ratio = 1.32-1.39, and cover about ¾ of the ocular lobe, ocular lobe ratio = 0.75-0.79. The labrum is medially emarginate 1/5-1/6 of its length. The pronotal hind angles are obtuse rounded and little projected, the lateral margin only briefly subparallel before the angle. The pronotal median base is slightly depressed relative to the disc, but well set off by the dense elongate punctures and wrinkles, and the upraised isodiametric and transverse sculpticells over the surface. The elytral striae are well developed, with striae 1-6 and 8 complete and moderately deep on disc, stria 7 shallower. Striae 1-6 are distinctly punctate in basal ¾ of length. Sutural stria deep to apex, stria 2 shallower in apical half, except for deep portion parallel to deepened apex of stria 7. The 8th interval is broadly convex, slightly more so than inner intervals. The lateral elytral setae are arranged in an anterior series of 6 setae and a posterior series of 4 setae.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 2). Aedeagal median lobe gracile, distance from parameral articulation to tip 3.9 × depth at midlength (Fig. 91D); apex extended for twice breadth beyond ostial opening, dorsal surface broadly expanded before evenly rounded tip; median lobe curved rightward near apex in ventral view, right and left margins parallel before bluntly rounded apex that is offset to the right (Fig. 91E); internal sac with small, well-sclerotized ventral ostial microtrichial patch (on left of sac, Fig. 91E); flagellar plate of moderate size, length 0.40 × parameral articulation-tip distance (estimated by viewing ovoid sclerotized plate in ventral view, Fig. 91E).</p><p>Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix columnar with apical cap separated by constriction, overall length 0.67 mm, apical cap breadth 0.23 mm, medial shaft breadth 0.30 mm (Fig. 92A); bursal walls translucent with thin wrinkles; gonocoxite 1 with 3 small apical fringe setae and 6 very small setae on medial surface (Fig. 93A); gonocoxite 2 broadly subtriangular, apex evenly curved laterally, base evenly expanded laterally, 2 lateral ensiform setae, apical nematiform setae on medial surface at 0.67 × gonocoxite length.</p><p>Lectotype.</p><p>Male (BMNH) hereby designated, labeled: mounting platen with Blackburn Maui code (Zimmerman 1957: 210), angustic (on reverse) // Type // Hawaiian Is. Rev. T. Blackburn 1888-30. // Lectotype Cyclothorax angusticollis Blackburn J.K.Liebherr 1998 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax angusticollis was collected repeatedly by Blackburn and Perkins in the late 19th Century (Perkins lots 112, 115, 120, 251, 350, 366, 367, 369, 371, 372, 597, 604, 605, 615, 680; Anonymous N D). Yet the only 20th Century record was a single specimen collected by beating vegetation at 1830-1980 m elevation (E.C. Zimmerman, BPBM). This species appears to have been a species of the forest edge (Fig. 94), with the historical collecting sites now extensively disturbed, the old forest edge gone.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AB3AF089FAB47392412E9994EEEA1D38	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
4362419E4FC5EF0C538A2A107EFE0824.text	4362419E4FC5EF0C538A2A107EFE0824.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax xestos	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(073) Mecyclothorax xestos sp. n. Figs 90D, 94</p><p>Diagnosis .</p><p>This species (Fig. 90D) plus the following 2 species, Mecyclothorax orbiculus (Fig. 90E), and Mecyclothorax contractus (Fig. 90F), comprise the only species of the Mecyclothorax microps group that can be characterized by presence of both supraorbital setae and both pronotal setae, but much reduced elytral setation; no dorsal elytral setae or subapical and apical setae present; base setal formula 2 2 0 0. As the single known specimen of this species unilaterally lacks the anterior supraorbital seta on the right side, this species’ setal formula is scored 2(1) 2 0 0. As in all Mecyclothorax microps group species, the parascutellar seta is also absent. This setal configuration relegates the lateral elytral setae to be the sole setiform sensory organs of the dorsal hindbody. Mecyclothorax xestos exhibits the most reduced elytral striation of the three species, with: 1, only the sutural and 2nd striae shallow, evident; 2, striae 3-4 traceable only as irregular, shallow grooves; 3, striae 5-6 very shallow, obsolete and interrupted; and 4, stria 7 absent basally, traceable only near elytral apex. Standardized body length 3.8 mm.</p><p>Description</p><p>(n = 1). Head capsule with frontal grooves narrow, a broad convexity laterad groove and fine carinae mesad eye; dorsal impression of neck broadly, slightly concave; eyes flat externally and small, ocular ratio = 1.28, ocular lobe ratio = 0.67; 9-10 ommatidia across horizontal diameter of eye; labral anterior margin angularly emarginate medially 1/7 of length; antennae nearly moniliform, antennomeres 2-3 with few very short setae; mentum tooth with sides acute, apex tightly rounded. Pronotum slightly transverse, MPW/PL = 1.20, basally constricted, MPW/BPW = 1.52; hind angle right to slightly acute, lateral margin subparallel to convergent for short distance anterad angle; median base depressed relative to disc, covered with longitudinal strigae; basal margin slightly convex between laterobasal depressions; median longitudinal impression finely incised, shallow but evident; anterior transverse impression broad, shallow, obsolete medially; anterior callosity coplanar with disc medially, slightly raised laterally, smooth, glossy; front angles not projected, tightly rounded; apical and basal pronotal widths subequal, APW/BPW = 0.98; lateral marginal depression narrow, edge upraised throughout length, slightly wider at front angle; laterobasal depression with irregular surface, continuous with lateral depression. Proepisternum with numerous small irregularities along hind marginal groove due to microsculpture; prosternal process broadly depressed medially. Elytra broadly subellipsoid, disc flat medially, moderately sloped at sides and apex; basal groove evenly curved anterad to angulate humeral juncture with lateral marginal depression, MEW/HuW = 1.90; parascutellar seta absent; parascutellar striole very shallow, smooth, hard to trace; sutural interval slightly upraised throughout length; discal intervals 2-4 flat; 8th interval laterad 7th stria more convex than more mesal intervals; elytral marginal depression moderately broad, margin upraised laterad humerus, beadlike from midlength to subapical sinuation; subapical sinuation shallow, more abruptly incurved anteriorly. Mesepisternum with ~9 punctures in 2-3 rows; metepisternal width to length ratio = 0.68; metepisternum/metepimeron suture distinct. Abdomen with indistinct lateral wrinkles on ventrites 1-3, circular depressions on ventrites 3-6; suture between ventrites 2 and 3 reduced laterally, effaced; apical female ventrite with 4 equally spaced marginal setae plus median trapezoid of 4 subequal, short setae. Legs-metatarsomere 1/metatibial length ratio = 0.20; metatarsomere 4 length along outer lobe 1.3 × medial tarsomere length, apical and subapical setae present; metatarsal dorsolateral sulci broad, basal tarsomeres medially subcarinate. Microsculpture of vertex a very shallow isodiametric and transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 × length mesad eyes; pronotal disc with shallow transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 –4× length, median base with mixture of isodiametric and transverse sculpticells, breadth 2 × length; elytral disc with regular transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 × length on disc, 3 –4× length laterally, apex with transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 –3× length; metasternum with distinct transverse mesh; laterobasal abdominal ventrites with swirling isodiametric and transverse microsculpture. Coloration of vertex rufous, clypeus rufoflavous; antennomeres 1-3 flavous, 4-11 rufoflavous; pronotal disc rufous with brunneous cast, lateral margins, base, and apex broadly rufoflavous; proepipleuron flavous, proepisternum rufobrunneous; elytral disc rufobrunneous with reflective sheen, sutural interval rufoflavous basally, flavous api cally; elytral lateral marginal depression and interval 9 rufoflavous, elytral apex and intervals 7-9 flavous apicad terminus of interval 4; elytral epipleuron flavous dorsally, rufoflavous ventrally, metepisternum rufobrunneous; abdominal ventrite 1 rufobrunneous, ventrites 2-3 medially rufopiceous, laterally rufoflavous, ventrites 4-5 and base of 6 rufoflavous, apical half of ventrite 6 flavous; metafemur flavous; metatibia flavous with rufoflavous cast.</p><p>Female reproductive tract. The lone female specimen was not dissected.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Female (CUIC) labeled: HI: Maui Haleakala / Hanawi N.A.R. Poouli / Cabin 5-V-1998 lot 01 / 1590m el. pyrethrum fog / mossy ohia J.K. Liebherr // HOLOTYPE / Mecyclothorax / xestos Liebherr / det. J.K. Liebherr 2015 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>This species epithet is the Greek xestos, or scraped, planed, smoothed, or polished (Brown 1956).</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>The type specimen was collected near Kuhiwa Stream at 1590 m elevation in Hanawī (Fig. 94) in a pyrethrin fog samples of several moss-covered ‘ōhi‘a trees. Seven other Mecyclothorax spp. were also collected in this set of samples taken within a radius of 30 m: Mecyclothorax crassuloides, Mecyclothorax kipwilli, Mecyclothorax mauiae, Mecyclothorax pau, Mecyclothorax perstriatus, Mecyclothorax poouli, and Mecyclothorax robustus .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4362419E4FC5EF0C538A2A107EFE0824	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
5DCEA90FE67F7149B6EF776C010655D1.text	5DCEA90FE67F7149B6EF776C010655D1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax orbiculus	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(074) Mecyclothorax orbiculus sp. n. Figs 90E, 94</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Among the triplet of Mecyclothorax microps group species without dorsal elytral setae, this species stands out due to the subellipsoid elytra, the lateral margins markedly convex from the narrowed humeri to the apex (Fig. 90E). The eyes are more convex than in either of the other species in the triplet, with ocular ratio = 1.38; versus 1.28-1.33 in the other two species. The elytral microsculpture also differs, being a distinct isodiametric mesh versus transverse mesh to transverse lines in the other two species. Setal formula 2 2 0 0. Standardized body length 4.1 mm.</p><p>Description</p><p>(n = 1). Head capsule with frontal grooves broad, shallow, a broad low convexity laterally before the eye and a very low, rounded carina mesad anterior supraorbital seta; dorsal impression of neck broadly, slightly concave; 14-15 ommatidia across horizontal diameter of eye; labral anterior margin angularly emarginate to 1/6 of labral length; antennae nearly moniliform, antennomeres 2-3 with sparse pelage of short setae; mentum tooth with sides acute, apex pointed. Pronotum slightly transverse, MPW/PL = 1.22, moderately constricted basally, MPW/BPW = 1.49; hind angle obtuse due to convex margin behind angle; lateral margins slightly convergent anterad sharply projected hind angles; median base moderately depressed relative to disc, ~14 punctures each side; basal margin slightly convex between laterobasal depressions; median longitudinal impression finely incised, shallow but evident; anterior transverse impression broad, shallow, obsolete medially; anterior callosity co planar with disc medially, slightly raised laterally, smooth, glossy; front angles slightly projected, tightly rounded; apical pronotal width greater than basal width, APW/BPW = 1.05; lateral marginal depression narrow, the edge beadlike to upturned near broader area at front angle; laterobasal depression with irregular surface, continuous with lateral depression. Proepisternum with 5-6 minute punctures along hind marginal groove; prosternal process broadly depressed medially. Elytra with narrow humeri, basal groove distinctly curved to meet lateral marginal depression at subangulate humerus, MEW/HuW = 1.91; parascutellar striole shallow, with 4 punctures; sutural interval slightly upraised relative to lateral intervals throughout its length; sutural and 2nd striae of subequal depth from base to apex; discal striae 1-6 progressively shallower, stria 7 traceable though interrupted repeatedly; discal striae 1-5 shallowly punctate, minute elongate punctulae in the base of stria 6, all striae smooth and complete on elytral apex; elytral intervals slightly convex medially, nearly flat laterally; 8th interval laterad 7th stria subcarinate, more convex than more mesal intervals; lateral elytral setae arranged in anterior series of 7 setae and posterior series of 6 setae; elytral marginal depression broader, margin slightly upraised at humerus, narrow, beadlike from midlength to subapical sinuation; subapical sinuation shallow, more abruptly incurved anteriorly. Mesepisternum with ~10 punctures in 2-3 rows; metepisternal width to length ratio = 0.72; metepisternum/metepimeron suture distinct. Abdomen with indistinct lateral wrinkles on ventrites 1-3 and circular lateral depressions on ventrites 3-6; suture between ventrites 2 and 3 reduced laterally, effaced; apical female ventrite with 4 equally spaced setae and median trapezoid of 4 subequal, short setae. Legs-metatarsomere 1/metatibial length ratio = 0.19; metatarsomere 4 length along outer lobe 1.3 × medial tarsomere length, apical and subapical setae present; metatarsal dorsolateral sulci broad, basal tarsomeres medially subcarinate. Microsculpture of vertex a shallow isodiametric mesh, transverse sculpticells, breadth 2 × length mesad eyes; pronotal disc with transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 –4× length, median base with mixture of isodiametric and transverse sculpticells, breadth 2 × length; elytral apex with mixture of isodiametric and transverse sculpticells in transverse rows; metasternum with distinct transverse mesh; laterobasal abdominal ventrites with swirling isodiametric and transverse microsculpture. Coloration of vertex rufobrunneous with rufoflavous clypeus; antennomeres 1-3 flavous, 4-11 rufoflavous; pronotal disc rufous with brunneous cast, lateral margins, base, and apex broadly rufoflavous; proepipleuron rufoflavous, proepisternum rufobrunneous; elytral disc rufobrunneous with indistinct purplish sheen, sutural interval rufoflavous basally, flavous in apical 1/3, elytral lateral margin depression, 9th interval and apex rufoflavous; elytral epipleuron flavous dorsally, rufoflavous ventrally, metepisternum rufobrunneous; abdomen with abdominal ventrite 1 rufobrunneous, ventrites 2-3 medially rufopiceous, ventrites 4-6 rufoflavous, with apical half of ventrite 6 flavous; metafemur flavous; metatibia flavous with rufoflavous cast.</p><p>Female reproductive tract. The lone female specimen was not dissected.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Female (BPBM) labeled: HI: Maui Is. Haleakala / Waikamoi N.C.P. 1750 m el. / 20°47.21'N, 156°13.82'W / 12-III-2002 R. Takumi / pyr. fog mossy ohia // HOLOTYPE / Mecyclothorax / orbiculus / Liebherr / det. J.K. Liebherr 2015 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The species epithet orbiculus is the diminutive of orbis, or circle, and signifies the small eyes characteristic of this species.</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>The type specimen of this species was collected at 1750 m elevation within the Honomanu drainage of the Waikamoi Nature Conservancy Preserve (Fig. 94). It was found in moss adhering to an ‘ōhi‘a trunk.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5DCEA90FE67F7149B6EF776C010655D1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
CF7C9164651E8B609BBA21A6906463EA.text	CF7C9164651E8B609BBA21A6906463EA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax contractus	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(075) Mecyclothorax contractus sp. n. Figs 90F, 92B, 93B, 94</p><p>Diagnosis .</p><p>This third species of the triplet lacking dorsal elytral setae can be diagnosed by the more quadrate pronotum (Fig. 90F); MPW/PL = 1.07-1.13. The pronotum is relatively less constricted basally in association with the quadrate shape; MPW/BPW = 1.42-1.43. The elytra are subquadrate, the lateral margins extended laterally outside the distinctly angulate humeri, and broader relative to the pronotum than in other Mecyclothorax microps group species; MEW/MPW = 1.56-1.59. Setal formula 2 2 0(1) 0; 1 of the 3 specimens has the anterior dorsal elytral seta present. Standardized body length 4.0 mm.</p><p>Description</p><p>(n = 3). Head capsule with frontal grooves broad at clypeus, sinuous, with broad convexity laterad groove and thin carina mesad supraorbital seta; dorsal impression of neck slightly concave; ocular lobe little projected, eyes small, little convex, vertical dimension greater than length, ocular ratio = 1.29-1.33, ocular lobe ratio = 0.73-0.78, about 10 ommatidia across horizontal diameter of eye; labral anterior margin angularly emarginate medially, impressed 1/6 length; antennomere 2 with sparse setae at apex, antennomere 3 sparsely setose along shaft; mentum tooth with sides acute, apex pointed. Pronotum with lateral margins broadly sinuate anterad slightly obtuse, projected hind angles, margin behind angle convex; median base depressed relative to disc, covered with punctures and longitudinal strigae; basal margin slightly convex between laterobasal depressions; median longitudinal impression finely incised, shallow but evident, continued onto median base; anterior transverse impression broad, shallow, surface slightly irregular; anterior callosity coplanar with disc medially, slightly raised laterally, smooth, glossy; front angles not projected, rounded; apical and basal pronotal widths subequal, APW/BPW = 0.97-1.04; lateral marginal depression broadest inside front angles, narrow with beadlike margins in anterior half, margin upraised basally; laterobasal depression with irregular surface, continuous with lateral depression. Proepisternum with 5-6 minute punctures along hind marginal groove; prosternal process broadly depressed medially. Elytra subquadrate, the disc flat medially, moderately sloped on sides and apex; the humeral angles are proximate relative to elytral width, MEW/HuW = 1.95-2.0; parascutellar striole with 3 punctures, the striole interrupted between punctures; sutural interval slightly more upraised throughout its length than lateral intervals; sutural striae slightly deeper than 2nd stria basally, of similar depth apically; discal striae 1-4 moderately impressed, minutely punctate, intervals 5-6 shallow but evident with elongate irregularities along length, stria 7 obsolete, interrupted; 8th interval laterad 7th stria of same convexity as more mesal intervals; 1 dorsal elytral seta present in 1 of 3 specimens at 0.23 –0.26× elytral length, setal impression shallow, spanning ½ width of interval 3; lateral elytral setae arranged in anterior series of 6(7) setae and posterior series of 5(6) setae; elytral marginal depression moderately broad with upraised margin outside humerus, beadlike from midlength to subapical sinuation; subapical sinuation shallow, more abruptly incurved anteriorly. Mesepisternum with ~7 punctures in 2 rows; metepisternal width to length ratio = 0.88; metepisternum/metepimeron suture distinct; metathoracic flight wing 2.33 × long as broad, with remnant R and M veins, the vestigium extended for 0.75 × its length beyond hind margin of metanotum. Abdomen with indistinct lateral wrinkles on ventrites 1-5; suture between ventrites 2 and 3 reduced laterally, effaced; apical female ventrite with 4 equally space marginal setae plus median trapezoid of 4 subequal, short setae. Legs-metatarsomere 1/metatibial length ratio = 0.19; metatarsomere 4 length along outer lobe 1.5 × medial tarsomere length, apical and subapical setae present; metatarsal dorsolateral sulci broad, basal tarsomeres medially subcarinate. Microsculpture of vertex very shallow isodiametric and transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 × length mesad eyes; pronotal disc with shallow transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 –4× length, median base with mixture of isodiametric and transverse sculpticells, breadth 2 × length, apex with transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 4 × length; metasternum with distinct transverse mesh; laterobasal abdominal ventrites with swirling isodiametric and transverse microsculpture. Coloration of vertex rufous; antennomeres 1-3 flavous, 4-11 rufoflavous; pronotal disc rufous, lateral margins, base, and apex broadly rufoflavous; proepipleuron rufoflavous, proepisternum rufobrunneous; elytral disc rufobrunneous with reflective sheen, sutural interval rufoflavous basally, flavous apically; elytral marginal depression and 9th interval rufoflavous, intervals 7-9 and apex apicad terminus of interval 4 tending toward flavous; elytral epipleuron flavous dorsally, rufoflavous ventrally, metepisternum rufobrunneous; abdominal ventrite 1 and 4-6 rufoflavous, ventrites 2-3 rufobrunneous, apical half of apical ventrite 6 flavous; metafemur flavous; metatibia flavous with rufoflavous cast.</p><p>Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix columnar with rounded apex, length 0.67 mm, breadth 0.23 mm (Fig. 92B); bursal walls translucent with thin wrinkles; gonocoxite 1 with 3 small apical fringe setae and 5-6 smaller setae on medial surface (Fig. 93B); gonocoxite 2 narrowly subtriangular, apex rounded, base narrowly extended laterally, 2 lateral ensiform setae with apical seta broader and longer, apical nematiform setae on medial surface at 0.75 × gonocoxite length.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Female (CUIC) labeled: HI: Maui Hanawi N.A.R. / Pig fence helipad sift / humus ex ohia 21-V- / 1993 lot 02 el. 1575 m // 2 // HOLOTYPE / Mecyclothorax / contractus / Liebherr / det. J.K. Liebherr 2015 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Paratypes .</p><p>HI: Maui, Haleakala, Hanawi N.A.R., Kopiliula Str., pyrethrin fog Cibotium + Metrosideros, 1137 m el., 4-v-1998 lot 02 (CUIC, 1), same data as holotype (CUIC, 1).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The adjectival species epithet contractus means drawn together, or made narrow, and refers to the basally constricted pronotum of beetles in this species.</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>This species is known from collecting sites in Hanawī near Kuhiwa and Kopili‘ula Streams, elevations 1137-1585 m (Fig. 94). Two beetles were found in a sift sample of humus associated with a shrublike ‘ōhi‘a tree at the former site, and a third was found in a pyrethrin fog sample of a Cibotium tree fern on a horizontal, mossy ‘ōhi‘a nurse log in the Kopili‘ula drainage.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CF7C9164651E8B609BBA21A6906463EA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
15752D58EB84F8A04ADECDCF0953224D.text	15752D58EB84F8A04ADECDCF0953224D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax molops (Sharp)	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(076) Mecyclothorax molops (Sharp) Figs 95A, 99</p><p>Metrothorax molops Sharp 1903: 269.</p><p>Mecyclothorax molops, Britton 1948b: 119.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Although known only from two specimens collected by R.C.L. Perkins in 1894 and 1896, new specimens of this species would be instantly recognizable by the presence of only the posterior supraorbital seta, glabrous pronotum with carinate lateral margins, minimally punctate pronotal median base (Fig. 95A), and very large body size; standardized body length 7.4 mm (paratype female). Setal formula 1 0 2 0, and the parascutellar seta is present. Britton (1948b) records the body length as 7.2-7.8 mm based on his measurements of holotype and paratype females.</p><p>Identification</p><p>(n = 1). These are very robust, large-bodied beetles. The eyes are moderately convex, covering much of the protruded ocular lobes; ocular ratio = 1.48, ocular lobe ratio = 0.79. The pronotum is vase shaped, MPW/PL = 1.15, the base narrowly constricted, MPW/BPW = 1.73. The median base bears ~10 very shallow, isolated punctures each side, the cuticle glossy over the entire surface, and the anterior transverse impression is deep and very smooth, bordered anterior by the convex, smooth and glossy anterior callosity. The elytra are an elongate ovoid shape, with narrowly rounded base. The evenly curved basal grooves meet their respective lateral margins at the proximate, rounded to subangulate humeri; MEW/HuW = 2.30. The 2nd stria is nearly as deep as the sutural stria near elytral midlength, but it is absent basally whereas the sutural stria can be traced basally by a series of fine punctures. The much reduced microsculpture includes: 1, vertex with obsolete transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 × length, the surface glossy; 2, pronotal disc with obsolete transverse mesh in part, glossy between areas of sculpticells; 3, pronotal median base glossy, indistinct transverse sculpticells laterally; 4, elytral disc with shallow transverse lines irregularly joined into a loose mesh, apex glossy, microsculpture obsolete there; 5, metasternum with shallow transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 3 –4× length; and 6, laterobasal abdominal ventrites with swirling isodiametric and transverse microsculpture.</p><p>Female reproductive tract. The female lectotype (BMNH) was not dissected.</p><p>Lectotype.</p><p>Female (BMNH) hereby designated, labeled: Metrothorax / molops / Type / D.S. / ♀ (pencil) Haleakala / Perkins 413 (ink on mounting platen) / Type (round red-margined label) / Haleakala / Maui 5000 ft. / Perkins. III 1894. // Hawaiian Is. / Perkins / 1904-336. // LECTOTYPE / Metrothorax / molops Sharp / J.K. Liebherr 1998 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax molops is known from two specimens (Perkins lots 413, 612), which correspond to collections made near Ukulele Camp (Fig. 99) in iii-1894 and v-1896 (Perkins 1896a). The species has not been recollected since.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/15752D58EB84F8A04ADECDCF0953224D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
AA0162AC5C9D3B0DE9114025DB7FF539.text	AA0162AC5C9D3B0DE9114025DB7FF539.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax macrops (Sharp)	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(077) Mecyclothorax macrops (Sharp) Figs 95B, 96 A–B, 97A, 98A, 99</p><p>Metrothorax macrops Sharp 1903: 270.</p><p>Mecyclothorax macrops, Britton 1948b: 119.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>This species (Fig. 95B) looks much like a smaller version of Mecyclothorax molops (Fig. 95A), but the pronotal hind angles are projected, distinctly obtuse, and the pronotal lateral margin clearly sinuate anterad the angle. The pronotal median base is more punctate, with 20 or more punctures each side that are isolated by glossy cuticle. The sutural stria is easily followed to the basal groove, though it is smooth near the elytral base. The parascutellar seta is absent. The setal formula is 1 0 2 0; anterior supraorbital seta absent. Among Haleakalā species of the group this formula is shared only with Mecyclothorax macrops and Mecyclothorax scarites . At standardized body length 6.1-6.4 mm, these beetles are diagnostically smaller than the former, and diagnostically larger than the latter.</p><p>Identification</p><p>(n = 4). The pronotum is vase shaped, little transverse, MPW/PL = 1.08-1.13, with the base less constricted than in Mecyclothorax molops; MPW/BPW = 1.53-1.65. The anterior transverse impression is deep, finely incised, with minute irregularities in the deepest portion. The anterior callosity is convex and crossed by fine longitudinal wrinkles. The elytra are slightly broader basally than in Mecyclothorax macrops, with the basal groove distinctly curved anterad to the subangulate humerus; MEW/HuW = 2.05-2.14. The elytral striae are very reduced apically, with only the sutural interval evident, striae 2-7 absent and traceable only by subsurface punctual remnants. The dorsal body surface bears microsculpture, if much reduced: 1, vertex with very shallow transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 × length; 2, pronotal disc with obsolete transverse lines in part, glossy areas between sculpticells; 3, pronotal median base glossy, with indistinct transverse cells laterally; 4, elytral disc with transverse lines irregularly joined into a loose mesh, apex with shallow transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 –3× length; 5, metasternum with shallow transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 3 –4× length; and 6, laterobasal abdominal ventrites with swirling isodiametric and transverse microsculpture.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 1). Aedeagal median lobe elongate, gracile, distance from parameral articulation to tip 4.0 × depth at midlength (Fig. 96A); apex broadly convex dorsally beyond ostial opening, tip acutely pointed, defined by juncture of convex apical face and downwardly curved ventral margin median lobe straight in ventral view, apex curved and slightly displaced to the right, with right and left margins convergent to pointed tip in this view (Fig. 96B); internal sac with lightly sclerotized macrospicules in position of dorsal ostial microtrichial patch (right side of lobe, Fig. 96B); flagellar plate of moderate size, length 0.37 × parameral articulation-tip distance (estimated from shadow of sclerotized plate in ventral view, Fig. 96B).</p><p>Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix columnar, elongate, broadest at midlength, length 1.43 mm, midlength breadth 0.51 mm, apical breadth 0.46 mm (Fig. 97A); bursal walls translucent, thickly wrinkled; gonocoxite 1 with 3 apical fringe setae, a thick, curved seta at medioapical angle and 8-9 smaller setae along medial surface (Fig. 98A); gonocoxite 2 very falcate with narrowly rounded tip, base extended laterally in an elongate panhandle with curved terminus; 2 broad, moderately elongate lateral ensiform setae, apical nematiform setae on medioventral surface at 0.61 × gonocoxite length.</p><p>Lectotype.</p><p>Male (BMNH) hereby designated, labeled: Metrothorax macrops Type D.S. Haleakala Maui 383 // Type // Hawaiian Is. Perkins 1904-336. // LECTOTYPE Metrothorax macrops Sharp J.K. Liebherr 1998 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax macrops was collected by Perkins from various elevations near Ukulele Camp, however Perkins also collected a single specimen from Olinda from under the bark of a koa tree (Fig. 99), thus expanding the elevational range from 1210-1830 m. Several koa -associated Carabidae in the genus Blackburnia (Tribe Platynini) suffered catastrophic population declines near the turn of the 20th Century, among them Blackburnia octoocellata (Karsch), Blackburnia sharpi (Blackburn), and Blackburnia terebrata (Blackburn) (Liebherr 2006). The suggested causes are koa logging and incursion of cattle into the Koa Forest edge-the latter compacting the soil and killing the koa roots-and invasion by alien isopods that occupied the cavities in mature koa trees that would have previously served as daytime refugia for night-foraging carabid beetles.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AA0162AC5C9D3B0DE9114025DB7FF539	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
ADA177B06916054F54B8FB1878AA6C3A.text	ADA177B06916054F54B8FB1878AA6C3A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax scaritoides (Blackburn)	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(078) Mecyclothorax scaritoides (Blackburn) Figs 95C, 96C, 97B, 98B, 99</p><p>Cyclothorax scaritoides Blackburn 1878b: 156; Blackburn and Sharp 1885: 215.</p><p>Metrothorax scaritoides, Sharp 1903: 272.</p><p>Mecyclothorax scaritoides, Britton 1948b: 120.</p><p>Acupalpus biseriatus Karsch 1881: 2 (new synonymy).</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>This species (Fig. 95C) shares a glabrous pronotum with three other members of the Mecyclothorax scaritoides group: Mecyclothorax molops (Fig. 95A), Mecyclothorax macrops (Fig. 95B), and Mecyclothorax scarites (Fig. 95D). Among them this species deviates by exhibiting two supraorbital setae; setal formula 2 0 2 0. The discal elytral striae are more distinctly punctate in this species, with both the sutural stria and parascutellar striole punctate-in some instances very indistinctly so-to the elytral basal groove. In beetles of the most similar species, Mecyclothorax scarites, the sutural stria is continued to the basal groove, but it is smooth, and the parascutellar striole is little impressed with the punctures taking the form of elongate irregularities. The elytra are also more broadly subellipsoid in this species, with the tightly rounded to subangulate humeri more proximate; MEW/HuW = 2.04-2.15 versus values of 1.93-2.0 for specimens of Mecyclothorax scarites . Standardized body length 5.0-5.8 mm.</p><p>Identification</p><p>(n = 5). The eyes are convex and large, ocular ratio = 1.50-1.53, ocular lobe ratio = 0.81-0.85. The pronotum is moderately transverse, MPW/PL = 1.16-1.25, with basally sinuate lateral margin, the hind angle obtuse with apex pointed. The pronotal median base is coplanar with the disc medially, depressed laterally, with ~20 small, isolated punctures each side. The median longitudinal impression is very shallow, traceable to obsolete, and the anterior transverse impression is broad and shallow medially, narrow and finely incised laterally. Microsculpture in this species deviates from other similar species in that the elytral disc is covered with a distinct isodiametric mesh that incorporates transverse sculpticells, breadth 2 × length, and the elytral apex is covered with an isodiametric mesh in transverse rows. Microsculpture otherwise present includes: 1, vertex with obsolete transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 × length; 2, pronotal disc with obsolete transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 3 –4× length, most parts of cuticle glossy; 3, pronotal median base glossy, with indistinct transverse cells laterally; and 4, metasternum with obsolete transverse mesh, surface glossy.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 1). Aedeagal median lobe gracile, distance from parameral articulation to tip 4.4 × depth at midlength (Fig. 96C); apex broadly expanded on dorsal surface, slightly expanded ventrally, tip broadly rounded; internal sac appearing unornamented (uneverted specimen); flagellar plate moderately long, length 0.42 × parameral articulation-tip distance (estimated from shadow of sclerotized plate, Fig. 96C).</p><p>Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix columnar with narrower apex, broader base, length 0.68 mm, apical breadth 0.15 mm, basal breadth 0.38 mm (Fig. 97B); bursal walls translucent, thinly wrinkled; gonocoxite 1 with 4-5 apical fringe setae with the medial seta smaller (Fig. 98B), a thick, curved seta at medioapical angle and 5-6 smaller setae along medial surface; gonocoxite 2 falcate with acuminate tip, base broadly extended laterally with curved terminus, 2 broad lateral ensiform setae, apical nematiform setae on medioventral surface at 0.76 × gonocoxite length.</p><p>Lectotypes.</p><p>For Cyclothorax scaritoides, female (BMNH) hereby designated, labeled: mounting platen with Blackburn Maui label (Zimmerman 1957: 210), scaritoid (on reverse) // Type // Hawaiian Is. Rev. T. Blackburn 1888-30. // LECTOTYPE Cyclothorax scaritoides Blackburn J.K. Liebherr 1998 (black-margined red label). For Acupalpus biseriatus, female (MNHU) hereby designated, labeled: LECTOTYPE Acupalpus biseriatus Karsch det. J.K. Liebherr 2000 (black-margined red label) // Mecyclothorax scaritoides (Sharp) det. J.K. Liebherr 2000.</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax scaritoides was historically distributed along the leeward edge of the Waikamoi forest (Fig. 99). During the 1870s, Blackburn (BMNH) and Finsch (MNHU) collected specimens at elevations from 1085-1210 m near Olinda. By the time Perkins arrived in 1894, his collections were restricted to elevations of 1210-1525 m in the vicinity of Ukulele Camp. Perkins collected 187 specimens from 1894 to 1902, and nobody has seen this species in nature since. However, a closely related species, Mecyclothorax scarites (see below) was collected in the vicinity of Olinda from 1926-1935.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/ADA177B06916054F54B8FB1878AA6C3A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
B7F2080CAC8EC5164AE116238F12CFBC.text	B7F2080CAC8EC5164AE116238F12CFBC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax scarites	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(079) Mecyclothorax scarites sp. n. Figs 95D, 96 D–E, 97C, 98C, 99</p><p>Metrothorax perkinsianus Sharp, Swezey 1954: 53 (misidentification, Cibotium associate).</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>This species (Fig. 95D) is assigned to the setal formula 1 0 2 0 along with two other Haleakalā species- Mecyclothorax molops (Fig. 95A) and Mecyclothorax macrops (Fig. 95B)-yet it is more similar in pronotal configuration, overall body proportions, and elytral striation to Mecyclothorax scaritoides (Fig. 95C), a species characterized by presence of both supraorbital setae. In addition to the supraorbital setae, Mecyclothorax scarites can be distinguished from Mecyclothorax scaritoides by the shallow but distinct transverse microsculpture on the elytral disc that is composed of sculpticells 3 –4× broad as long plus transverse lines not joined into a mesh. The discal elytral striae are not punctate, with the sutural stria irregularly impressed along its discal portion, and striae 2-4 variable impressed among individuals, but smooth to slightly irregular across the disc in all individuals. The elytra are slightly more ovoid than those of Mecyclothorax scaritoides, with the humeral angles more distant relative to overall elytral width; MEW/HuW = 1.93-2.0. Standardized body length 5.3-5.5 mm.</p><p>Description</p><p>(n = 5). Head capsule with frontal grooves broad, sinuous, a broad lateral convexity before eye, groove nearly joined to postocular groove anterad posterior supraorbital seta; dorsal impression of neck slightly concave; eyes moderately convex, covering much of ocular lobe, ocular ratio = 1.47-1.52, ocular lobe ratio = 0.84-0.88; labral anterior margin very shallowly emarginate medially; antennae filiform, antennomeres 1-3 glabrous; mentum tooth with sides acute, apex tightly rounded. Pronotum moderately transverse, MPW/PL = 1.20-1.22, base moderately constricted, MPW/BPW = 1.47-1.55, lateral margin sinuate for 0.1 × pronotal length anterad obtuse hind angles, their apex rounded; median base coplanar with disc medially, ~14 small, isolated punctures each side; basal margin moderately convex between hind angles; median longitudinal impression very shallowly incised, traceable to obsolete; anterior transverse impression broad, shallow medially, narrow and finely incised laterally; anterior callosity slightly convex, smooth; front angles slightly projected, tightly rounded; pronotal apical and basal widths subequal, APW/BPW = 0.94-1.05; lateral marginal depression very narrow, edge beaded even at front angle, disc very convex; laterobasal depression smooth, convex with U-shaped groove along lateral and basal margins of convexity. Proepisternum with 5 minute punctures along hind marginal groove; prosternal process with very shallow depression medially. Elytra ovoid, greatest width slightly behind midlength; disc very convex, slightly depressed along suture, sides distinctly sloped to near vertical inside marginal depression; basal groove distinctly curved to subangulate humerus; parascutellar seta present; parascutellar striole shallow, with 3-4 elongate punctures, smooth between punctures; sutural interval slightly more convex than intervals 2-4 throughout their length; sutural stria narrow, moderately deep apically, 2nd stria obsolete, traceable at apex; 8th interval laterad 7th stria of similar convexity to fused apical portion of striae 5 + 7; 2 dorsal elytral setae at 0.19 –0.23× and 0.52 –0.53× elytral length, setal impressions very small, crossing 1/3 of interval 3; lateral elytral setae arranged in anterior series of 7 setae and posterior series of 6 setae; elytral marginal depression very narrow throughout, a low bead present at humerus, a more distinct bead near subapical sinuation; subapical sinuation very shallow, less concave than width of marginal bead. Mesepisternum with ~10 punctures in 2-3 rows; metepisternal width to length ratio = 0.73; metepisternum/metepimeron suture distinct. Abdomen with irregular lateral wrinkles on ventrites 1-6, lateral depressions on ventrites 3-6; suture between ventrites 2 and 3 effaced; apical male ventrite with 2 marginal setae and apical female ventrite with 4 equally spaced setae plus median trapezoid of 4 subequal, short setae. Legs-metatarsomere 1/metatibial length ratio = 0.20; metatarsomere 4 length along outer lobe 1.5 × medial tarsomere length, apical and subapical setae present, the lateral subapical seta short; metatarsal dorsolateral sulci broad, shallow, medially subcarinate on metatarsomere 1 only. Microsculpture of vertex obsolete transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 × length, surface glossy; pronotal disc with obsolete transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 3 –4× length, most parts glossy, median base glossy, indistinct transverse cells laterally; elytral apex with shallow transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 –3× length; metasternum with obsolete transverse mesh, glossy; laterobasal abdominal ventrites with swirling isodiametric and transverse microsculpture. Coloration of vertex rufous with a piceous cast; antennomeres 1-3 rufoflavous, 4-11 rufobrunneous; pronotal disc rufous, concolorous basally and later ally, apex slightly paler; proepipleuron pale rufobrunneous, proepisternum rufobrunneous; elytral disc rufous, sutural interval concolorous basally, rufoflavous apically; elytral marginal depression and 9th interval rufoflavous apically; elytral epipleuron pale rufobrunneous, metepisternum rufobrunneous; abdomen rufobrunneous, ventrites 1-3 rufoflavous laterally, apical 1/6 of apical ventrite flavous; metafemur rufoflavous; metatibia rufoflavous with brunneous cast.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 2). Aedeagal median lobe slender, distance from parameral articulation to tip 5.0 × depth at midlength (Fig. 96D); apex distinctly expanded dorsally and broadly expanded ventrally producing an apical knob, the outline of the tip broadly rounded; internal sac elongate, sac length from ventral margin of ostial opening to base of flagellar plate 0.78 × parameral articulation-tip distance, without ornamentation (Fig. 96E); flagellar plate very short, nearly as broad as long, length 0.24 × parameral articulation-tip distance.</p><p>Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix columnar with narrower apex, broader base, length 0.91 mm, apical breadth 0.23 mm, basal breadth 0.41 mm (Fig. 97C); bursal walls translucent, thinly wrinkled; gonocoxite 1 with 3-4 apical fringe setae (Fig. 98C), a thick, curved seta at medioapical angle and 10-11 smaller setae along medial surface; gonocoxite 2 falcate with acuminate tip, base broadly extended laterally with curved terminus, 2 broad lateral ensiform setae, apical nematiform setae on medioventral surface at 0.66 × gonocoxite length.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Male (BPBM) dissected and labeled: Kula Pipe / Line, Maui / 4200 ft. / Jan. 14, 1926 // R H VanZwal- / uwenburg // blue square // Mecyclothorax / scarites / ♂ #2 / det. J.K. Liebherr 2014 // 1 // HOLOTYPE / Mecyclothorax / scarites / Liebherr / det. J.K. Liebherr 2015 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Paratypes.</p><p>HI: Maui, Haleakala, Olinda, Rubus, 1280 m el., 27-ii-1926, Swezey (BPBM, 1), Cheirodendron, 1280 m el., 27-ii-1926, Swezey (BPBM, 1), Acacia koa, 1280 m el., 10-x-1926, Swezey (BPBM, 1; CUIC, 1); Koolau For. Res., Kula Pipeline Rd., Cibotium menziesii, 975-1210 m el., 27-ii-1935, Swezey (BPBM, 1).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The cylindrical body shape of Mecyclothorax scaritoides appears to be the basis for Blackburn (1878b) using a species epithet derived from the Greek skaritis, that stem used by Fabricius (1775) to name the large-bodied Scarites beetles of the Holarctic. This species is given the species epithet scarites to complete the cycle with the generic name Scarites F.</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax scarites is known from two localities peripheral to the known localities of Mecyclothorax scaritoides (Fig. 99) in the leeward forests uphill (mauka) from Olinda. Based on the careful ecological labeling of specimens by O.H. Swezey, this species is known to have occurred on koa, Cheirodendron ('ōlapa), Cibotium menziesii ( hāpu‘u), and Rubus ( ‘ākala). Mecyclothorax scarites is closely related yet clearly distinct from Mecyclothorax scaritoides . The two species were parapatrically distributed, with Mecyclothorax scarites appearing in the collecting record subsequent to the last appearance of any specimen of Mecyclothorax scaritoides . Their patchwork appearances in the scientific record are consistent with a haphazard pattern of habitat destruction along the leeward edge of the 19th Century Koa- ‘Ōhi‘a Mesic Forest.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B7F2080CAC8EC5164AE116238F12CFBC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
C00D3371A039A5DC97119203BF1577BA.text	C00D3371A039A5DC97119203BF1577BA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax timberlakei	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(080) Mecyclothorax timberlakei sp. n. Figs 96F, 100A, 101</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Of the five Haleakalā species of this group with the lateral pronotal seta present (Fig. 100), this species (Fig. 100A) can be diagnosed by the elongate convergence of the pronotal lateral margins anterad the acute hind angles. Like Mecyclothorax crassuloides (Fig. 100B) and Mecyclothorax crassulus (Fig. 100C), all discal striae save the sutural are reduced so much that they can at best be traced by very shallow serial punctures; the 8th interval remains well developed, deep and broad along the lateral margin of the elytron. This species can be told from the above two by the relatively broader pronotal base; MPW/BPW = 1.63, versus values of 1.67-1.79. Setal formula 2 1 2 0. Standardized body length 4.9 mm.</p><p>Description</p><p>(n = 1). Head capsule with frontal grooves deep, directly divergent from clypeus to mesad anterior supraorbital seta, broad convexity laterally; dorsal impression of neck slightly concave; eyes large, moderately convex, ocular ratio = 1.54, ocular lobe ratio 0.85; labral anterior margin angularly emarginate medially to 1/6 of length; antennae filiform, antennomeres 2-3 with sparse pelage of short setae; mentum tooth with sides acute, apex tightly rounded. Pronotum slightly transverse, MPW/PL = 1.16; lateral margins convergent for 0.2 × pronotal length anterad hind angles; median base depressed relative to disc, ~20 small, isolated punctures each side; basal margin straight medially, margin anteriorly curved laterad laterobasal depressions; median longitudinal impression very finely incised within slight depression of disc, crossed by indistinct transverse wrinkles; anterior transverse impression very shallow, broad, obsolete medially, smooth but crossed by minute longitudinal wrinkles; anterior callosity slightly convex, smooth, glossy; front angles moderately produced, tightly rounded; pronotal apical width slightly greater than basal width, APW/BPW = 1.05; lateral marginal depression narrow, edge upturned, slightly broader at front angle; laterobasal depression smooth, glossy surface continuous with lateral depression. Proepisternum with 5 minute punctures along hind marginal groove; prosternal process narrow, evenly depressed medially. Elytra ovoid, disc convex overall, slightly depressed along suture, distinctly sloped laterally to marginal depression; basal groove briefly, angularly curved to subangulate humerus, MEW/HuW = 2.42; parascutellar seta present; parascutellar striole brief with 3-4 punctures, deep and continuous between punctures; sutural interval convex throughout length, but crossing depressed medial portion of disc; discal intervals 2-4 and beyond laterally flat, difficult to demark; sutural stria continuous from base to apex, minutely punctate basally, smooth and deeper apically; 8th interval laterad 7th stria slightly more convex than fused apical portion of striae 5 + 7; 2 dorsal elytral setae at 0.20 × and 0.45 –0.48× elytral length, setal impressions shallow, spanning ½ width of interval 3; lateral elytral setae arranged in anterior series of 7 setae and posterior series of 6 setae; elytral marginal depression broadest at humeral angle, margin upturned in basal half, beaded near subapical sinuation; subapical sinuation shallow, more abruptly incurved anteriorly. Mesepisternum with ~10 large punctures in 2-3 rows; metepisternal width to length ratio = 0.68; metepisternum/metepimeron suture distinct. Abdomen with irregular lateral wrinkles on ventrites 1-5, lateral depressions on ventrites 3-6; suture between ventrites 2 and 3 partially effaced; apical male ventrite with 2 marginal setae. Legs-metatarsomere 1/metatibial length ratio = 0.20; metatarsomere 4 length along outer lobe 1.3 × medial tarsomere length, apical and subapical setae present; metatarsal dorsolateral sulci broad, shallow, basal tarsomere medially subcarinate. Microsculpture of vertex a transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 –3× length; pronotal disc with shallow transverse mesh to transverse lines, the surface glossy in part, median base glossy, with indistinct transverse sculpticells laterally; elytral disc with shallow transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 × length, apex with such a mesh mixed with isodiametric sculpticells; metasternum with transverse mesh; laterobasal abdominal ventrites with swirling isodiametric and transverse microsculpture. Coloration of vertex rufous with a piceous cast; antennomeres 1-3 rufoflavous, 4-11 rufobrunneous; pronotal disc and margins rufous; proepipleuron rufoflavous, proepisternum rufoflavous dorsally, rufobrunneous ventrally; elytral disc and margins rufous, sutural interval concolorous basally, rufoflavous apically; elytral apex gradually paler, rufoflavous apicad subapical sinuation; elytral epipleuron and metepisternum rufoflavous; abdominal ventrites 1-3 rufobrunneous, ventrites 4-6 rufoflavous; metafemur rufoflavous; metatibia rufoflavous with brunneous cast.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 1). Aedeagal median lobe gracile, distance from parameral articulation to tip 4.6 × depth at midlength (Fig. 96F); apex narrowly and sinuously extended 3 × its depth beyond ostial opening, the tip narrowly rounded; internal sac broad, with projected, pineapplelike lobe bearing sclerotized macrospicules at midlength on dorsal surface, and dense, brownish microspicules covering ventral surface; flagellar plate short, length 0.33 × parameral articulation-tip distance.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Male (UCRC) dissected and labeled: Haleakala / Maui Jl 1919 // Keanae / Pali // above / 5000 ft. // Astelia / veratroides // Timberlake coll. // Univ. Calif. Riverside / Ent. Res. Museum / UCRC ENT 00039164 // HOLOTYPE / Mecyclothorax / timberlakei / Liebherr / det. J.K. Liebherr 2015 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>This species honors the many entomological contributions of Phillip H. Timberlake, including the collection of the only known specimen of this species in 1919. Mr. Timberlake specialized in Hymenoptera, especially bees, and was an associate entomologist with the Hawaiian Sugar Planter’s Association from 1914-1924 before completing his long and distinguished career at the Citrus Experiment Station, Riverside, CA (Hurd et al. 1982).</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax timberlakei is known from a single specimen labeled "Keanae Pali, above 5000 ft." This locality (Fig. 101) would have been most easily accessed from above timberline by walking down the western rim of Ko‘olau Gap-Ke‘anae Valley to the designated elevation. The labeled host plant substrate Astelia veratroides is now a junior synonym of Astelia menziesiana (painiu), an epiphytic lily found in mesic to wet forest.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C00D3371A039A5DC97119203BF1577BA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
37DA52E25DCE3293735808C6A36FD65B.text	37DA52E25DCE3293735808C6A36FD65B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax crassuloides	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(081) Mecyclothorax crassuloides sp. n. Figs 96 G–I, 97D, 98D, 100B, 101</p><p>Diagnosis .</p><p>This species (Fig. 100B) and Mecyclothorax crassulus (Fig. 100C) are cryptic, sibling species, and based on synapomorphous configurations of the male aedeagal median lobes (Fig. 96 G–J), they are sister species. They can be diagnosed externally by microsculpture only, with this species characterized by the elytra bearing indistinct isodiametric sculpticells in transverse rows on the disc, those sculpticells visible only outside any areas of reflected microscope light. On the elytral apex, the isodiametric sculpticells are more visible, but they are flat without upraised centers. The male aedeagal median lobe is much more robust in this species, broader dorsoventrally with a broader apex (Fig. 96I). The aedeagal internal sac is also larger, in keeping with the lobe dimensions, and more heavily spiculated. Setal formula 2 1 2 0. Standardized body length 4.5-5.1 mm.</p><p>Description</p><p>(n = 5). Head capsule with frontal grooves moderately deep, broad, the convexity laterad groove broad and low, groove terminated at short carina mesad anterior supraorbital seta; dorsal impression of neck slightly concave; eyes convex, ocular ratio = 1.54-1.58, moderately large, ocular lobe ratio = 0.74-0.80; labral anterior margin angularly emarginate 1/8 length; antennae filiform, antennomeres 2-3 with sparse pelage of short setae; mentum tooth with sides acute, apex tightly rounded. Pronotum moderately transverse, MPW/PL = 1.20-1.30, distinctly constricted basally, MPW/BPW = 1.67-1.80; hind angle acute, lateral margin subparallel for 0.1 × pronotal length; median base depressed relative to disc, ~13 small, isolated punctures each side; basal margin straight, extended posteriorly near hind angles; median longitudinal impression very finely incised, within slight depression of disc, crossed by indistinct transverse wrinkles; anterior transverse impression broad, deep, may be crossed by distinct longitudinal wrinkles; anterior callosity slightly convex, smooth or with minute longitudinal wrinkles; front angles slightly produced, tightly rounded; apical pronotal width much greater than basal width, APW/BPW = 1.12-1.20; lateral marginal depression narrow, edge upturned, slightly broader at front angle; laterobasal depression with slightly irregular surface as on median base, continuous with lateral depression. Proepisternum with 5 minute punctures along hind marginal groove; prosternal process narrowly, evenly depressed medially. Elytra distinctly ovoid, widest behind midlength; disc slightly depressed along suture, sides distinctly sloped to marginal depression; basal groove briefly curved to subangulate humerus, the humeral angles proximate relative to elytral width, MEW/HuW = 2.31-2.43; parascutellar seta present; parascutellar striole brief, with 3-4 punctures, deep, continuous between punctures; sutural interval convex throughout length, disc depressed each side at sutural stria; discal striae 2-4 obsolete, partially traceable by very small punctulae or by cuticular pigment dots associate with strial development, lateral striae 5-7 absent (again their course visible only by serial dots of pigment associated with strial development); both 8th interval laterad 7th stria and fused apical portion of striae 5 + 7 slightly, broadly convex; 2 dorsal elytral setae at 0.26 × and 0.54 –0.65× elytral length, setal impressions very small, shallow, spanning ¼ of interval 3; lateral elytral setae arranged in anterior series of 7 setae and posterior series of 6 setae; elytral marginal depression broadest outside humerus, margin upturned in basal half, beaded near subapical sinuation; subapical sinuation shallow, more abruptly incurved anteriorly. Mesepisternum with ~10 large punctures in 2-3 rows; metepisternal width to length ratio = 0.63; metepisternum/metepimeron suture distinct. Abdomen with irregular lateral wrinkles on ventrites 1-5, lateral depressions on ventrites 3-6; suture between ventrites 2 and 3 partially effaced; apical male ventrite with 2 marginal setae and apical female ventrite with 4 equally spaced setae and median trapezoid of 4 subequal, short setae. Legs-metatarsomere 1/metatibial length ratio = 0.20; metatarsomere 4 length along outer lobe 1.3 × medial tarsomere length, apical and subapical setae present; metatarsal dorsolateral sulci broad, shallow, basal tarsomere medially subcarinate. Microsculpture of vertex a transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 –3× length; pronotal disc with shallow transverse mesh to transverse lines, glossy in part, median base glossy with indistinct transverse sculpticells laterally; metasternum with transverse mesh; laterobasal abdominal ventrites with swirling isodiametric and transverse microsculpture. Coloration of vertex rufous with a piceous cast; antennomere 1 rufoflavous, 2-11 rufobrunneous in fully melanized individuals, antennomeres 1-3 rufoflavous in less melanized beetles; pronotal disc rufous, lateral margins concolorous, base and apex rufopiceous; proepipleuron rufoflavous, proepisternum rufoflavous dorsally, rufobrunneous ventrally; elytral disc rufous with a dark brunneous cast, sutural interval rufous basally, rufoflavous apically; elytral interval 9 rufopiceous, marginal depression rufoflavous; elytral apex rufoflavous only on interval 8 and along apical margin; elytral epipleuron flavous, metepisternum rufoflavous; abdomen rufoflavous; metafemur flavous with smoky brunneous apex; metatibia rufobrunneous with piceous cast.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 2). Aedeagal median lobe very broad basally, attenuated apically with sinuous ventral surface, distance from parameral articulation to tip 2.4 × basal depth (Fig. 96G, I), apex thick at distal end of ostial opening, sinuously narrowed to acutely pointed tip; base of median lobe nearly symmetrical in ventral outline (Fig. 96H) but left margin broadly curved 90° rightward before bluntly rounded tip in this view; internal sac with broadly convex dorsal lobe near base of sac, a suggested dorsal ostial microtrichial patch on right side at base, and ventral surface broadly covered with dark macro- and microspicules (Fig. 96I); flagellar plate elongate, length 0.50 × parameral articulation-tip distance.</p><p>Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix columnar with rounded apex, broader base, length 1.0 mm, apical breadth 0.39 mm, basal breadth 0.48 mm (Fig. 97D); bursal walls translucent with shagreened surface and very fine wrinkles; gonocoxite 1 with 2-4 apical fringe setae, a thick, curved seta at medioapical angle and 6-8 smaller setae along medial surface (Fig. 98D); gonocoxite 2 subtriangular with subacuminate tip, 2 lateral ensiform setae, apical nematiform setae on medioventral surface at 0.78 × gonocoxite length.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Female (CUIC) labeled: HI: Maui Haleakala N.P. / Kipahulu Vy. Central / Pali Tr. 1200 m el. / 29-IV-1991 sifting / moss &amp; leaf litter // J.K. Liebherr / A.C. Medeiros, / Jr. collectors // HOLOTYPE / Mecyclothorax / crassuloides / Liebherr / det. J.K. Liebherr 2015 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Paratypes.</p><p>HI: Haleakala N.P., Northeast Rift, Midcamp Bog Cabin, sift Metrosideros humus, 1665 m el., 18-v-1993 lot 01, Liebherr/Medeiros (CUIC, 1), lot 05 Liebherr/Medeiros (CUIC, 1), New Greensword Bog, sift Metrosideros humus, 1850 m el., 17-v-1993 lot 05, Liebherr/Medeiros (CUIC, 1); Hana For. Res., Horseshoe Bog nr. Haleakala N.P., Cheirodendron / Clermontia, 1810 m el., 11-v-1998 lot 05, Ewing (CUIC, 1), Upper Hana, [= nr. Heleleikeoha State Fence Camp], 1730 m el., 14-xi-1973, Whittle (BPBM, 1); Koolau For. Res., Hanawi N.A.R., Kuhiwa Vy. E rim, pyrethrin fog Metrosideros, 880 m el., 09-vi-1999 lot 06, Polhemus (NMNH, 1), lot 09 Polhemus (NMNH, 1), pyrethrin fog steep streambank, 880 m el., 10-vi-1999 lot 01, Polhemus (NMNH, 1), Poouli Cabin, beat vegetation, 1590 m el., 05-v-1998 lot 04, Ewing (CUIC, 1), pyrethrin fog Metrosideros /moss, 1590 m el., 05-v-1998 lot 01, Liebherr (CUIC, 1).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The adjectival species epithet crassuloides is derived from the Latin crassus; thick, heavy (Jaeger 1955). This species and Mecyclothorax crassulus below are named to follow Mecyclothorax crassus of West Maui (Sharp 1903), a closely related species. As crassulus is the diminutive of crassus, then the epithet crassuloides used here means resembling a diminutive crassus .</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax crassuloides is distributed from Hanawī through the Hāna Bogs to Kīpahulu Valley (Fig. 101). It is known from 880-1590 m elevation in Kuhiwa Valley, and at 1200 m elevation within Kīpahulu Valley. The bog localities range in elevation 1665-1850 m. It has been collected in leaf litter, humus, and moss associated with ‘ōhi‘a, as well as associated with Cheirodendron ('ōlapa), Clermontia (oha), and Leptecophylla (pūkiawe). The 11 separate collecting events of this species have each included only single specimens; unusual among Haleakalā Mecyclothorax spp.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/37DA52E25DCE3293735808C6A36FD65B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
CE13A9CAFDFBFE8C227D7A1BF3C21593.text	CE13A9CAFDFBFE8C227D7A1BF3C21593.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax crassulus	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(082) Mecyclothorax crassulus sp. n. Figs 96J, 97E, 98E, 100C, 101</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>This adelphotaxon (Fig. 100C) to Mecyclothorax crassuloides (Fig. 100B) can be diagnosed externally by the elytral microsculpture, with the discal intervals covered with a shallow isodiametric mesh, and the lateral intervals with more transverse sculpticells, the microsculpture of all intervals visible in areas of reflected microscope light. The elytral apex bears a distinctly isodiametric mesh, with the sculpticell centers upraised, as opposed to the flat tiling of the isodiametric sculpticells on the elytral apex of Mecyclothorax crassuloides . As for this species’ sister taxon, the male aedeagal median lobe provides a certain diagnosis, with the lobe of Mecyclothorax crassulus more gracile throughout its length, and the apex narrower (Fig. 96J). The internal sac differs also, beings smaller and bearing less melanized spicules. Setal formula 2 1 2 0. Standardized body length 4.6-4.9 mm.</p><p>Description</p><p>(n = 5). As the microsculptural characters above are the only reliable external anatomical characters yet found to diagnoses these two species, the description of Mecyclothorax crassuloides can serve for this species as well, allowing the following substitutions involving non-diagnostic mensural and qualitative characters. Head capsule with eyes large, variably convex, ocular ratio = 1.47-1.62, ocular lobe ratio 0.77-0.85; labral anterior margin nearly straight; mentum tooth with sides right, apex rounded. Pronotum moderately transverse, MPW/PL = 1.22-1.31, distinctly constricted basally, MPW/BPW = 1.67-1.79; hind angle slightly obtuse, lateral margin subparallel for 0.12 × pronotal length; median base depressed relative to disc, with ~16 small isolated punctures each side; basal margin slightly convex between hind angles, not extended posteriorly near angles; pronotal apical width nondiagnostically narrower relative to basal width in this species versus Mecyclothorax crassulus, APW/BPW = 1.08-1.17. Elytra tending to be narrower (Fig. 100C), more subellipsoid than in Mecyclothorax crassulus (Fig. 100B), MEW/HuW = 2.17-2.39; discal striae 2-4 often more evident, traceable as interrupted linear series of very small punctures. Coloration of available specimens extremely variable, ranging from sclerotized but not fully melanized individuals (as in Fig. 100C), to darker, more melanic individuals (e.g. Mecyclothorax crassuloides of Fig. 100B). Darker specimens share the smoky brunneous femoral apex on a flavous femoral base observed in specimens of Mecyclothorax crassuloides .</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 2). Aedeagal median lobe robust, broadest basally, distance from parameral articulation to tip 2.5 × basal depth (Fig. 96J), apex elongate, sinuously extended 5 × its depth to obliquely expanded tip with blunt dorsal projection, flattened apical face, and acutely rounded tip (median lobe appears much like a more slender version of that seen in Mecyclothorax crassuloides, Fig, 96I); internal sac with distinct field of macrospicules on right surface near base, otherwise covered with fine microspicules; flagellar plate very large, length 0.67 × parameral articulation-tip distance.</p><p>Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix columnar with rounded apex, length 0.61 mm, breadth 0.30 mm, bursal walls translucent, thickly wrinkled (Fig. 97E); gonocoxite 1 with 2 apical fringe setae, the medial seta smaller, and 7 smaller setae along medial surface (Fig. 98E); gonocoxite 2 subtriangular with subacuminate tip, 2 lateral ensiform setae, apical nematiform setae on medioventral surface at 0.77 × gonocoxite length.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Male (BPBM) labeled: Kula Pipeline / 8-25-27 Maui // O.H. Swezey / Collector // Ferns // 2 // HOLOTYPE / Mecyclothorax / crassulus / Liebherr / det. J.K. Liebherr 2015 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Paratypes.</p><p>HI: Maui, Haleakala, 1524 m el., 08-iii-1912, Rock (BPBM, 1); Olinda, 1207 m el., 13-vi-1918, Giffard/Fullaway (BPBM, 1); Waikamoi N.C.P., Honomanu drainage transect 3, sift litter, 1700 m el., 10-iv-1991 lot 01, Liebherr (CUIC, 2), sift moss and litter, 1680 m el., 08-v-1991 lot 07, Kavanaugh (CAS, 1).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>This adjectival species epithet crassulus lies intermediate along the Mecyclothorax crassus - Mecyclothorax crassuloides linguistic cline. The adjectival crassulus is the diminutive of crassus -thick, heavy-used by Sharp (1903) for Mecyclothorax crassus of West Maui (Liebherr 2011).</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax crassulus is a species of the Waikamoi forest area (Fig. 101), with historically collected specimens from Olinda and Kula Pipeline (~1200 m elevation) complemented by more recent collections in the Honomanu drainage at ~1700 m elevation. Associated ecological collection data are limited to beating ferns, and sifting moss and leaf litter.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CE13A9CAFDFBFE8C227D7A1BF3C21593	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
1AAF713F3353808B14129C8140668802.text	1AAF713F3353808B14129C8140668802.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax gracilicollis	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(083) Mecyclothorax gracilicollis sp. n. Figs 100D, 101</p><p>Diagnosis .</p><p>This is by far the smallest-bodied Haleakalā species in the Mecyclothorax scaritoides group; standardized body length 3.8 mm. The pronotum is basally constricted (Fig. 100D), MEW/BPW = 1.59, and the elytra are ellipsoid. These body proportions and size are similar to those of the O‘ahu Mecyclothorax scaritoides group species, Mecyclothorax simiolus (Blackburn) and Mecyclothorax pelops Liebherr (Liebherr 2009a). However, beetles of the O‘ahu species lack pronotal setae, thereby fitting setal formula 2 0 2 0, and Mecyclothorax gracilicollis is characterized by a bisetose pronotum and therefore this species matches the 2 1 2 0 setal formula of the other Haleakalā species in the group.</p><p>Description</p><p>(n = 1). Head capsule with frontal grooves broad near clypeus, only slightly sinuous, a broad convexity laterad groove before eye, and low carina mesad anterior supraorbital seta; dorsal impression impression of neck slightly concave concave; eyes little convex, ocular ratio = 1.39, but covering much of ocular lobe, ocular lobe ratio = 0.80; labral anterior margin angularly emarginate 1/6 labral length; antennae filiform, antennomere 2 with 1 short seta on shaft, antennomere 3 with 2 such setae; mentum tooth with sides acute, apex tightly rounded. Pronotum little transverse, MPW/PL = 1.19; hind angle sharp, obtuse due to curved basal margin inside hind angle, the lateral margin subparallel anterad angle; median base slightly depressed, ~18 small punctures each side; basal margin moderately convex between hind angles; median longitudinal impression shallow, narrowly defined, crossed by indistinct transverse wrinkles; anterior transverse impression very shallow, broad, obsolete medially, smooth; anterior callosity slightly convex, smooth, glossy; front angles slightly projected, tightly rounded; pronotal anterior width greater than basal width, APW/BPW = 1.05; lateral marginal depression narrow, edge upturned throughout length except beaded at front angle where depression is slightly broader; laterobasal depression with irregular surface continued from median base. Proepisternum with 5 minute punctures along hind marginal groove; prosternal process narrowly, evenly depressed medially. Elytra with disc slightly convex medially, side distinctly sloped to margin; basal groove curved to subangulate humerus, humeral angle defined by hitch in depression caused by juncture of narrow basal groove and broader marginal depression, MEW/HuW = 2. 17; parascutellar seta present; parascutellar striole with 4-5 punctures, deep, continuous between punctures; sutural interval more convex than slightly convex interval 2, sutural juncture upraised; sutural stria shallow, broad, minutely punctate basally, finely incised, deep, and smooth apically; striae 2-3 very shallow, striae 4-6 traceable and stria 7 obsolete on disc, apically striae 2-4 and 7 very shallow, incomplete, striae 5-6 obsolete; elytral intervals 2-3 slightly convex on disc, intervals 4-5 flat; 8th interval laterad 7th stria slightly more convex than fused apical portion of striae 5 + 7; 2 dorsal elytral setae at 0.29 × and 0.56 × elytral length, setal impressions very small, spanning ½ width of interval 3; lateral elytral setae arranged in anterior series of 7 setae and posterior series of 4-5 setae; elytral marginal depression broader laterad humerus to midlength, beadlike near subapical sinuation; subapical sinuation evident, more abruptly incurved anteriorly. Mesepisternum with ~10 punctures in 2-3 rows; metepisternal width to length ratio = 0.87; metepisternum/metepimeron suture distinct. Abdomen with irregular lateral wrinkles in ventrites 1-3, circular lateral depressions in ventrites 3-6; suture between ventrites 2 and 3 partially effaced; apical female ventrite with 4 equally spaced setae plus median trapezoid of 4 subequal, short setae. Legs-metatarsomere 1/metatibial length ratio = 0.19; metatarsomere 4 length along outer lobe 1.3 × medial tarsomere length, apical and subapical setae present; metatarsal dorsolateral sulci shallow, broad, median area broad. Microsculpture of vertex very shallow, transverse, sculpticell breadth 2 –3× length; pronotal disc with obsolete transverse lines in part, glossy between sculpticells, median base glossy, indistinct transverse cells laterally; elytral disc with regular, distinct transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 –4× length, apex with shallow transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 –4× length; metasternum with shallow transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 3 –4× length; laterobasal abdominal ventrites with swirling isodiametric and transverse microsculpture. Coloration of vertex rufobrunneous; antennomeres 1-3 rufoflavous, 4-11 rufobrunneous; pronotal disc rufobrunneous, lateral margins, base, and apex narrowly rufoflavous; proepipleuron rufoflavous, proepisternum rufobrunneous; elytral disc rufobrunneous with iridescent sheen, sutural interval rufoflavous basally and apically, rufous on disc; elytral lateral marginal depression narrowly rufoflavous, apex rufoflavous apicad subapical sinuation; elytral epipleuron rufoflavous, metepisternum rufobrunneous; abdominal ventrites 1-6 rufobrunneous, ventrites 2-3 slightly paler laterally, apical 1/3 of apical ventrite flavous; metafemur rufoflavous; metatibia rufobrunneous.</p><p>Female reproductive tract. The lone female specimen was not dissected.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Female (CUIC) labeled: HI: Maui Haleakala N.P. / Kipahulu west rim below / Kuiki sift humus ex ohia / 14-V-1993 lot 04 / el. 2090 m // J.K. Liebherr &amp; / A.C. Medeiros / Collectors // HOLOTYPE / Mecyclothorax / gracilicollis / Liebherr / det. J.K. Liebherr 2015 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>This species epithet combines the Latin adjective gracilis, slender or thin, with the Latin noun collis, or hill. The noun gracilicollis is used here to signify the basally constricted pronotum of beetles of this species.</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>The type specimen of Mecyclothorax gracilicollis was collected on the western rim of Kīpahulu Valley, 2090 m elevation (Fig. 101), in sifted humus from ‘ōhi‘a . Other Mecyclothorax species represented in the sample containing the type specimen are: Mecyclothorax antaeus, Mecyclothorax consanguineus, Mecyclothorax iteratus, Mecyclothorax kuiki, and Mecyclothorax splendidus .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1AAF713F3353808B14129C8140668802	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
D06086B629D200A8DC6362C3E425DFBE.text	D06086B629D200A8DC6362C3E425DFBE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax dispar	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(084) Mecyclothorax dispar sp. n. Figs 100E, 101</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Most similar (Fig. 100E) to the preceding Mecyclothorax gracilicollis (Fig. 100D) in elytral striation but larger bodied; standardized body length 4.75 mm. Also differing in the more broadly based pronotum-MPW/BPW = 1.51-and the glossy elytra with only patches of transverse-mesh microsculpture, sculpticell breadth 2 –3× length, between the glossy portions. The unique holotype is slightly teneral–the left elytron failed to fully inflate–but the legs exhibit the smoky brunneous femoral apex that is shared with Mecyclothorax crassuloides (Fig. 100B) and Mecyclothorax crassulus (Fig. 100C). Setal formula 2 1 2 0.</p><p>Description</p><p>(n = 1). Head capsule with frontal grooves deep and broad near clypeus, sinuously curved toward eye and terminated mesad a thin, low carina at anterior supraorbital seta; dorsal impression of neck slightly concave; eyes moderately convex, ocular ratio = 1.47, large, covering much of ocular lobe, ocular lobe ratio = 0.88; labral anterior margin angularly emarginate medially to 1/8 of labral length; antennae filiform, antennomeres 2-3 with sparse pelage of short setae; mentum tooth with sides acute, apex rounded. Pronotum appearing longer than broad, but MPW/PL = 1.18; hind angle right, margin slightly rounded behind, lateral margin subparallel for 0.1 × length before angle; median base slightly depressed relative to disc, ~8 isolated punctures each side and minute longitudinal wrinkles along margin; basal margin slightly convex between laterobasal depressions; median longitudinal impression very finely incised, situated in slight depression of disc, crossed by indistinct longitudinal wrinkles; anterior transverse impression broad, moderately deep, smooth, narrowly incised at front angles; anterior callosity slightly convex, smooth, glossy; front angles slightly produced, rounded; apical and basal pronotal widths equal; lateral marginal depression very narrow, edge beadlike, slightly broader at front angle; laterobasal depression with slightly irregular surface, broadest apically and narrowed to hind angle. Proepisternum with 5 minute punctures along hind marginal groove; prosternal process narrowly medially depressed. Elytra subquadrate to slightly ovoid (left elytron slightly deformed), disc slightly depressed along suture, sides distinctly sloped to lateral marginal depression; basal groove distinctly curved to angulate humerus at juncture with lateral marginal depression, MEW/HuW = 2.17; parascutellar seta present; parascutellar striole with 4 punctures, deep, continuous; sutural interval more convex than 2nd interval throughout length, disc depressed at sutural interval; sutural stria broad, shallow, and smooth basally, deeper and more finely incised apically; discal striae 2-6 very shallow but traceable, associate intervals very slightly convex; 8th interval laterad 7th stria slightly more convex than apical fused portion of striae 5 + 7; 2 dorsal elytral setae at 0.30 × and 0.59 × elytral length, setal impressions very small, spanning ½ width of interval 3; lateral elytral setae arranged in anterior series of 7 setae and posterior series of 5-6 setae; elytral marginal depression broadest at humeral angle, margin upturned in basal half, beaded toward subapical sinuation; subapical sinuation deep, abruptly incurved anteriorly. Mesepisternum with ~9 punctures in 1-2 rows; metepisternal width to length ratio = 0.7; metepisternum/metepimeron suture distinct. Abdomen with irregular lateral wrinkles in ventrites 1-5, lateral depressions in ventrites 3-6; suture between ventrites 2 and 3 partially effaced; apical female ventrite with 4 equally spaced setae and median trapezoid of 4 subequal, short setae. Legs-metatarsomere 1/metatibial length ratio = 0.19; metatarsomere 4 length along outer lobe 1.3 × medial tarsomere length, apical and subapical setae present; metatarsal dorsolateral sulci broad, shallow, median area subcarinate. Microsculpture of vertex an obsolete transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 × length, surface glossy; pronotal disc with obsolete microsculpture, surface glossy, median base glossy with indistinct transverse sculpticells laterally; elytral apex with shallow transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 –3× length; metasternum with shallow transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 3 –4× length; laterobasal abdominal ventrites with swirling isodiametric and transverse microsculpture. Coloration of vertex rufous with piceous cast (based on estimate from teneral type); antennomere 1 rufoflavous, antennomeres 2-3 rufobrunneous, 4-11 with piceous cast; pronotal disc rufous to rufobrunneous, lateral margins concolorous, base and apex rufoflavous; proepipleuron rufoflavous, proepisternum rufoflavous dorsally, rufobrunneous ventrally; elytral disc rufous with brunneous cast, sutural interval rufous basally, rufoflavous apically; elytral interval 9 rufopiceous, marginal depression rufoflavous; elytral apex rufoflavous only on interval 8 and along apical margin; elytral epipleuron flavous, metepisternum rufoflavous; abdominal ventrites 1-3 rufobrunneous, 4-6 rufoflavous, apical half of apical ventrite 6 flavous; metafemur flavous with smoky brunneous base and apex; metatibia rufobrunneous with piceous cast.</p><p>Female reproductive tract. The lone female specimen was not dissected.</p><p>Holotype .</p><p>Female (CUIC) labeled: HI: Maui Haleakala N.P. / Kipahulu Vy. Central / Pali Tr. 1200 m el. / 29-IV-1991 sifting / moss &amp; leaf litter // J.K. Liebherr / A.C. Medeiros / Jr. collectors // HOLOTYPE / Mecyclothorax / dispar / Liebherr / det. J.K. Liebherr 2015 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The adjectival species epithet dispar means different, or unequal in Latin (Brown 1956), and is used here to represent the unusual body proportions that characterize this species.</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax dispar is known only from the type collected at 1200 m elevation along the Central Pali Trail, Kīpahulu Valley. The specimen was collected from the first set of sift samples completed by Liebherr and Medeiros in Kīpahulu Valley (Fig. 101). We collected four sift samples of about 2 l volume each, and collected beetles from the siftate as it lay spread on a beating sheet. The siftate included litter from ‘ōhi‘a and Cibotium ( hāpu‘u), as well as moss from the drier undersides of downed logs. The litter was extremely wet from rain; e.g. 9 cm of rain fell the night after this daytime sampling (unpubl. data). Other Mecyclothorax spp. collected in these samples included: Mecyclothorax aquilus, Mecyclothorax manducus, Mecyclothorax mauiae, Mecyclothorax ovipennis, Mecyclothorax pau, Mecyclothorax poouli, and Mecyclothorax simpulum .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D06086B629D200A8DC6362C3E425DFBE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
B50E3A33BA1501FD28CB299A1855279A.text	B50E3A33BA1501FD28CB299A1855279A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax iteratus Sharp	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(085) Mecyclothorax iteratus Sharp Figs 102A, 103, 104A, 105A, 106</p><p>Mecyclothorax iteratus Sharp 1903: 250; Britton 1948b: 126.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The quadrisetose pronotum with deep transverse wrinkles crossing the disc and with the median base distinctly rugose (Fig. 102A) can diagnose this species from others in the group. The elytra are ovoid with narrow humeri, but the humeri are not as narrow relative to maximum elytral width as in the other two most similar species, Mecyclothorax reiteratus (Fig. 102B) and Mecyclothorax splendidus (Fig. 102C); MEW/HuW = 2.23-2.38 for this species versus values of 2.39-2.56 for measured individuals of the other two species. If the aedeagal median lobe projects even slightly from the abdominal apex of a male specimen, the broadened apex with dorsal projection (Fig. 103) can diagnose the specimen from those representing Mecyclothorax reiteratus (Fig. 107) or Mecyclothorax splendidus (Fig. 108). Setal formula 2 2 2 1[sae]. Standardized body length 4.7-6.0 mm.</p><p>Identification</p><p>(n = 5). The eyes are prominent and cover much of the ocular lobe, ocular lobe ratio = 0.90-0.93, but they are of variable convexity; ocular ratio = 1.54-1.74. The rugose pronotal surface involves deep, transverse discal wrinkles, a depressed, strigose median base with anastomosing punctures and elongate wrinkles and a deeply incised anterior transverse impression that is crossed by very distinct longitudinal wrinkles, the impression assuming a “zipperlike” appearance. Finally, the unique pattern of dorsal microsculpture can differentiate specimens of this species from Mecyclothorax reiteratus and Mecyclothorax splendidus; 1, vertex glossy, an indistinct transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 × length, in broad neck constriction; 2, pronotal disc glossy, indistinct transverse sculpticells restricted to the deep transverse wrinkles; 3, pronotal base with distinct transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 –3× length, between punctures and wrinkles; 4, elytral disc with regular isodiametric mesh, a few cells of transverse orientation mixed in; and 5, elytral apex with regular isodiametric mesh.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 16). Aedeagal median lobe gracile, distance from parameral articulation to tip 4.7 × depth at midlength (Fig. 103); apex dorsally curved beyond ostial opening, expanded dorsally as an acutely rounded tooth, the apical face slightly convex; median lobe curved rightward beyond ostial opening in ventral view, right margin narrowly concave, left margin sinuous-convex then concave-to join bluntly rounded tip (Fig. 103B); internal sac broad, with small dorsal ostial microtrichial patch on right side near base and ventral surface covered with diffuse field of melanic microspicules (Fig. 103C); flagellar plate substantial, elongate and robust, length 0.50 × parameral articulation-tip distance.</p><p>Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix elongate, ovoid, with basal constriction distad the vagina, length 1.11 mm, maximum breadth 0.57 mm, basal constriction 0.31 mm (Fig. 104A); bursal wall translucent, thickly wrinkled; gonocoxite 1 with 3-4 apical fringe setae, a large seta at medioapical angle and 4-5 smaller setae on medial surface (Fig. 105A); gonocoxite 2 subtriangular, apex broad, base broadly, moderately extended laterally, 2 broad lateral ensiform setae with rounded apices, apical nematiform setae on medioventral surface at 0.70 × gonocoxite length.</p><p>Lectotype.</p><p>Female (BMNH) hereby designated, labeled: Mecyclothorax iteratus Type D.S. Haleakala Perkins 354 // Type // Hawaiian Is. R.C.L. Perkins 1904 -336. // LECTOTYPE Mecyclothorax iteratus Sharp J.K. Liebherr 1998 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax iteratus is broadly distributed around the entire forest belt of Haleakalā, with repeated collections in the Waikamoi forest, Hāna Bogs, Kīpahulu Valley, Manawainui Planeze and south face at Kahikinui (Fig. 106). Localities range 1210-2105 m elevation. Specimens have been collected on koa and ‘ōhi‘a trunks and associated mossmats, and from plant substrates including Cheirodendron ('ōlapa), Coprosma (pilo), Dubautia reticulata (kupaoa), Leptecophylla (pūkiawe), Myrsine (kolea), Rubus ( ‘ākala), Vaccinium ('ōhelo). It was even collected on Deschampsia nubigena (hairgrass) at Wai‘ele‘ele ( Gagné, BPBM).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B50E3A33BA1501FD28CB299A1855279A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
273C4955C2024376E82D1D37677CB9CE.text	273C4955C2024376E82D1D37677CB9CE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax reiteratus	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(086) Mecyclothorax reiteratus sp. n. Figs 102B, 104B, 105B, 106, 107</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>This species (Fig. 102B) and Mecyclothorax splendidus (Fig. 102C) represent the only species in the group characterized by a bisetose pronotum, the lateral seta present and hind angles glabrous. In beetles of these species both supraorbital setae are present, and in this species both apical and subapical setae are absent; setal formula 2 1 2 0. The discal elytral intervals 2-4 are flat to even slightly concave, in agreement with Mecyclothorax iteratus but diagnostically different from Mecyclothorax splendidus, which exhibits slightly convex discal intervals. Elytral proportions vary among individuals, but the humeri-defined by the angle at the juncture of the basal groove and lateral marginal depression-tend to be more proximate in these beetles; MEW/HuW = 2.45-2.56 versus MEW/HuW = 2.39-2.49 in Mecyclothorax splendidus . The male aedeagal median lobe is very diagnostic, with males of this species exhibiting a rounded tip with a short "crochet hook" dorsal projection (Fig. 107), not the broadly expanded lobe apex of Mecyclothorax iteratus (Fig. 103) nor the slightly dorsoventrally expanded apex of Mecyclothorax splendidus (Fig. 108). Standardized body length 4.5-5.4 mm.</p><p>Description</p><p>(n = 5). Head capsule with frontal grooves slightly sinuous, broad medial face transversely wrinkled, narrow lateral carina mesad anterior supraorbital seta; dorsal impression of neck broadly concave, visible dorsally; eyes convex, ocular ratio = 1.56-1.71, covering much of protruded ocular lobe, ocular lobe ratio = 0.82-0.90; labral anterior margin shallowly emarginate to 1/7 labral length; antennae filiform, antennomeres 2-3 with sparse pelage of short setae; mentum tooth with sides acute, apex rounded, margins beaded. Pronotum appearing longer than broad, but MPW/PL = 1.08-1.11, base constricted, MPW/BPW = 1.53-1.62; hind angles slightly acute, sharply angled, lateral margins subparallel to convergent for 0.1 × length; median base depressed relative to disc, ~25 elongate punctures each side separated by smooth cuticle; basal margin straight between hind angles; median longitudinal impression finely incised, broader on front of median base, crossed by indistinct transverse wrinkles; anterior transverse impression deeply incised, crossed by distinct longitudinal wrinkles medially, narrower and smoother mesad front angle; anterior callosity flat, crossed by dense wrinkles of bordering impression; front angles slightly projected, tightly rounded; apical pronotal width subequal to greater than basal width, APW/BPW = 0.99-1.08; lateral marginal depression very narrow, beaded laterally, slightly broader with upturned edge at front angle, upraised outside laterobasal depression; laterobasal depression an irregular continuation of lateral depression, margin beaded laterally. Proepisternum with 5 distinct punctures along hind marginal groove, small carinae between some punctures; prosternal process with very broad median depression, lateral margins broadly upraised. Elytra elongate obovoid, disc flat medially, sides distinctly sloped to margins; basal groove slightly curved to angulate humerus at juncture with lateral marginal depression, humeri proximate, lateral margins narrowly rounded, MEW/HuW = 2.45-2.56; parascutellar seta present; parascutellar striole with 5 isolated punctures, striole interrupted between punctures; sutural interval nearly coplanar with lateral intervals throughout length; sutural stria marked by proximate isolated punctures, very shallowly impressed, striae 2-5 with punctures progressively more isolated; discal intervals 2-4 flat to concave, intervals 5-8 following curvature of elytron; 7th and 8th intervals laterad apex of 7th stria of same convexity; 2 dorsal elytral setae at 0.30 –0.31× and 0.66 –0.70× elytral length, setal impressions shallow, spanning ½ width of interval 3; apical and subapical setae absent; lateral elytral setae arranged in anterior series of 7 setae and posterior series of 6 setae; elytral marginal depression moderately narrow, edge upturned at humerus, depression lined with isodiametric sculpticells in anterior half, narrowed in apical 1/3 to subapical sinuation; subapical sinuation shallow, symmetrical. Mesepisternum with ~14 punctures in 2-3 rows; metepisternal width to length ratio = 0.75; metepisternum/metepimeron suture distinct. Abdomen with irregular longitudinal wrinkles laterally on ventrites 1-6, rounded lateral depressions on ventrites 3-6; suture between ventrites 2 and 3 effaced; apical male ventrite with 2 marginal setae and apical female ventrite with 4 equally spaced marginal setae and median trapezoid of 4 subequal, short setae. Legs-metatarsomere 1/metatibial length ratio = 0.20; metatarsomere 4 length along outer lobe 1.4 × medial tarsomere length, apical and subapical setae present; metatarsal dorsolateral sulci narrow, lateral, median surface granulate. Microsculpture of vertex a transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 × length, on frons, sculpticells 3 –4× broad as long on neck; pronotal disc with indistinct transverse mesh to transverse lines; pronotal median base with isodiametric sculpticells medially, transverse cells laterally; elytral disc with isodiametric mesh medially, transverse sculpticells on lateral intervals, apex with shallow isodiametric mesh; metasternum with transverse lines to transverse mesh, the sculpticell breadth 2 × length; laterobasal abdominal ventrites with swirling isodiametric and transverse microsculpture. Coloration of vertex rufous with piceous cast in frontal grooves; antennomere 1 rufoflavous, antennomeres 2-11 rufobrunneous; pronotal disc rufopiceous, lateral margins narrowly, and base and apex broadly, rufous; proepipleuron rufoflavous, proepisternum rufobrunneous; elytral disc rufous with piceous cast, sutural interval pale rufous laterad scutellum to apex, elytral lateral margins slightly paler, rufobrunneous, apex broadly rufoflavous; elytral epipleuron rufoflavous, metepisternum rufobrunneous; abdominal ventrites 1-5 rufous, laterally and apically on ventrite 6 rufoflavous; metafemur flavous, apex with a rufobrunneous cast that matches rufobrunneous metatibia.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 6). Aedeagal median lobe moderately robust, distance from parameral articulation to tip 3.4 –3.8× depth at midlength (Fig. 107A, C–D); apex extended for 1.5 × its depth beyond ostial opening, dorsal surface expanded into a bluntly acute tooth, surface of tip rounded apicad tooth; median lobe curved rightward nearly 90° apically in ventral view, right margin evenly concave, left margin sinuous-convex then slight concave-before rounded, slightly expanded tip (Fig. 107B); internal sac with discrete, ovoid dorsal ostial microtrichial patch comprised of macrospicules situated near sac base, and broadly diffuse field of dark microspicules covering ventral surface (Fig. 107C); flagellar plate large and robust, length 0.55 × parameral articulation-tip distance.</p><p>Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix columnar, narrow and elongate, apex rounded, length 1.14 mm, rounded apex breadth 0.45 mm, basal breadth 0.34 mm (Fig. 104B); bursal walls translucent, thickly wrinkled; gonocoxite 1 with 3-5 apical fringe setae, a thick seta at medioapical angle and 5-6 setae along medial surface (Fig. 105B); gonocoxite 2 broadly subtriangular, tip tightly rounded, base thinly extended laterally, 2 elongate lateral ensiform setae, apical nematiform setae on medioventral surface at 0.73 × gonocoxite length.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Male (CUIC) dissected and labeled: HI:East Maui Waikamoi / Flume 26-V-1997 lot06 / 1300 m el. beat ohia / in day J.K. Liebherr // Mecyclothorax / reiteratus / ♂ #21/ det. J.K. Liebherr 2014 // HOLOTYPE / Mecyclothorax / reiteratus / Liebherr / det. J.K. Liebherr 2015 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Paratypes.</p><p>HI: Maui: Koolau For. Res., Hanawi N.A.R., 1630 m el., vi-1997, Gruner (UHIM, 1), Tetraplasandra dipyrena, 1615 m el., 03-viii-1973, Gagné (BPBM, 1), Koolau Gap, Halehaku, beat ferns at night, 1325 m el., 13-v-1998 lot 09, Liebherr (CUIC, 5), beat Metrosideros /moss, 1325 n el., 13-v-1998 lot 11, Polhemus (NMNH, 5), beat Rubus (akala) at night, 1325 m el., 13-v-1998 lot 08, Liebherr (CUIC, 4), pyrethrin fog Cibotium /log, 1325 m el., 13-v-1998 lot 03, Liebherr (CUIC, 1), pyrethrin fog Metrosideros, 1325 m el., 13-v-1998 lot 04, Liebherr (CUIC, 2), pyrethrin fog Metrosideros /moss, 1325 m el., 13-v-1998 lot 01, Liebherr (CUIC, 3), lot 02, Liebherr (CUIC, 1), Waikamoi Gulch, Waikamoi Flume, beat/scrape Metrosideros, 1310 m el., 26-v-1997 lot 06, Liebherr (CUIC, 1).</p><p>Etymology .</p><p>Beetles of this species are similar to those of Mecyclothorax iteratus, and so use of the same stem plus a prefix can signify that similarity. The epithet reiteratus represents a redundancy of iteratus -to repeat-so this species repeats again a similar habitus with differences most pronounced in one setational and more male genitalic characters.</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Distributional records for Mecyclothorax reiteratus lie at the lower elevational distributional margin of Mecyclothorax iteratus, with records from Waikamoi Flume, Ko‘olau Gap/ Ke‘anae Valley, and Hanawī (Fig. 106). The localities span 1310-2065 m elevation. The predominant plant substrate is ‘ōhi‘a, but specimens have also been collected on Cibotium ( hāpu‘u), Rubus ( ‘ākala), and Polyscias ('ohe).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/273C4955C2024376E82D1D37677CB9CE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
8904C5952B904B859DE133BB7A54776E.text	8904C5952B904B859DE133BB7A54776E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax splendidus	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(087) Mecyclothorax splendidus sp. n. Figs 102C, 104C, 105C, 108, 109</p><p>Diagnosis .</p><p>Extremely similar to Mecyclothorax reiteratus, with bisetose pronotum and elytral humeri nearly as narrow; MEW/HuW = 2.39-2.49. The discal elytral intervals are more convex than those of Mecyclothorax reiteratus (Figs 102 B–C), and the pronotal lateral margins are slightly more convergent before the hind angles; lateral margin convergent for 0.12 × pronotal length. The dorsal microsculpture is more developed on beetles of this species, with the pronotal median base bearing a distinct isodiametric mesh across its width, and the elytral disc with a well-developed isodiametric mesh. The configuration of the male aedeagal median lobe is the best arbiter for identification, with the rounded lobe apex more or less symmetrically expanded dorsoventrally in males of this species, even given the infraspecific variation present in this structure (Fig. 108), versus a median lobe apex with a dorsal "crochet hook" expansion in males of Mecyclothorax reiteratus (Fig. 107). Setal formula 2 1 2 0(1)[sae]; the subapical elytral seta is most commonly absent, but present in rare instances. Standardized body length 4.4-5.3 mm.</p><p>Description</p><p>(n = 5). [The above description of Mecyclothorax reiteratus can serve to describe this species with the following substitutions.] Head with well-developed eyes, ocular ratio = 1.58-1.67, ocular lobe ratio = 0.84-0.90. Pronotum appearing longer than broad, but MPW/PL = 1.04-1.10, base moderately constricted, MPW/BPW = 1.46-1.54; median longitudinal impression finely incised, broadened on median base, crossed by moderately deep transverse wrinkles; anterior transverse impression shallow, broad, surface obscured by deep, dense longitudinal wrinkles; apical pronotal width slightly greater than basal width, APW/BPW = 1.02-1.05. Microsculpture of vertex an indistinct transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 –3× length, cuticle glossy in part; elytral apex with evident isodiametric microsculpture; metasternum with shallow transverse lines to transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 × length.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 18). Aedeagal median lobe gracile, distance from parameral articulation to tip 4.2 –4.7× depth at midlength (Fig. 108A, C–I); apex extended 2 –3× depth beyond ostial opening, slightly expanded dorsoventrally at rounded tip; in ventral view, median lobe slightly curved rightward in apical half, the right and left margins convergent to rounded tip (Fig. 108B); internal sac with broad 1-part (Fig. 108E), or 2-3-part (Fig. 108F, H) dorsal ostial microtrichial patch on right side at base, a transverse band of macrospicules on left side of sac base also present in some individuals (Fig. 108H), ventral sac surface covered with shaggy pelage of microsetae; flagellar plate moderately large, length 0.40 –0.44× parameral articulation-tip distance.</p><p>Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix columnar, elongate, apex rounded, length 1.03 mm, rounded apex breadth 0.50 mm, basal breadth 0.32 mm (Fig. 104C); bursal walls translucent, apex thinly wrinkled, base more thickly wrinkled; gonocoxite 1 with 6 apical fringe setae, a thick seta at medioapical angle and 5-6 setae along medial surface (Fig. 105C); gonocoxite 2 broadly subtriangular, tip subacuminate, base broadly extended laterally, 2 elongate lateral ensiform setae, apical nematiform setae on medioventral surface at 0.70 × gonocoxite length.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Male (CUIC) dissected and labeled: HI:Maui Haleakala N.P. / Kipahulu Vy. Central / Pali Tr. 1200 m el. / 29-IV-1991 beating / vegetation at night // J.K. Liebherr / A.C. Medeiros, Jr. collectors // HOLOTYPE / Mecyclothorax / splendidus / Liebherr / det. J.K. Liebherr 2015 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Paratypes.</p><p>108 specimens (see Appendix).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Though hardly unique in its splendidness, this species is given the adjectival epithet splendidus to carry the flag for all species of this hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation that evolved in splendid isolation (Simpson 1980, Zevon 1989).</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax splendidus exhibits a broad, bipartite distribution that includes the Waikamoi forest plus most of the windward face of Maui, including Hanawī, Hāna Bogs, Kīpahulu Valley, and the Manawainui Planeze (Fig. 109). Localities range from 915-2145 m elevation. Recorded forest plant substrates are predomi nantly ‘ōhi‘a and koa, but other recorded plants include Cibotium menziesii ( hāpu‘u), Dubautia (kupoao), Myrsine (kolea), and Pipturus ( māmaki). This species has been repeatedly collected by sifting humus, leaf litter, and moss.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8904C5952B904B859DE133BB7A54776E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
8BEE2E9AD49244AAFAB2453A319CB0C5.text	8BEE2E9AD49244AAFAB2453A319CB0C5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax bacrionis	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(088) Mecyclothorax bacrionis sp. n. Figs 104D, 105D, 110A, 111, 112</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>This species plus Mecyclothorax haleakalae and Mecyclothorax simpulum comprise the second triplet of Haleakalā’s Mecyclothorax haleakalae group species; this triplet characterized by the glabrous pronotum. In addition to the external key characters of: 1, minutely punctate pronotal median base; and 2, glossy elytral surface without evident microsculpture, this species (Fig. 110A) is easily diagnosed from Mecyclothorax haleakalae (Fig. 110B) and Mecyclothorax simpulum (Fig. 110C) by the foreshortened, more transverse pronotum, MPW/PL = 1.15-1.21. The elytral microsculpture is also less developed in beetles of this species, with the discal surface of the elytra glossy, the surface slightly irregular but without microsculpture. Setal formula 1(2) 0 2 0; the anterior supraorbital seta is present in rare instances. Standardized body length 4.9-5.9 mm.</p><p>Description</p><p>(n = 5). Head capsule with frontal groove sinuously curved laterally from deep juncture with clypeus to position mesad supraorbital seta; dorsal impression of neck broadly concave, visible dorsally; protruded ocular lobe largely covered by convex eye; ocular ratio = 1.51-1.61, ocular lobe ratio = 0.84-0.91; labral anterior margin shallowly emarginate to 1/8 labral length; antennae filiform, antennomeres 2-3 with extremely short setae to glabrous; mentum tooth narrow, sides acute, apex tightly rounded. Pronotum with basal margin slightly convex medially; median longitudinal impression very finely incised, obsolete on disc, continued deeply on front of median base; anterior transverse impression broad, shallow medially, well incised in lateral halves of each side to front angle; anterior callosity slightly convex, surface minutely irregular due to densely lined longitudinal wrinkles; front angles slightly projected, broadly expanded before tightly rounded margin; pronotal apical width greater than basal width, APW/BPW = 1.05-1.12; lateral marginal depression very narrow, beaded laterally, broader with margin upturned at front angle and outside laterobasal depression; laterobasal depression very narrow, surface irregular, continuation of lateral depression. Proepisternum with 5 distinct punctures along hind marginal groove, small carinae between some of the punctures; prosternal process with broad median depression, lateral margins broadly upraised. Elytra elongate subovoid, disc flat medially, sides distinctly sloped to margins; basal groove curved to angulate humerus defined by hitch at base of marginal depression, MEW/HuW = 2.26-2.44; parascutellar seta present; parascutellar striole with 7 isolated punctures, interrupted between punctures; sutural interval slightly elevated basally, more so apically; discal striae 1-2 shallow, punctate, striae 3-5 a series of punctures, and striae 6-7 absent, sutural stria deep and fine apically, stria 2 obsolete on apex; discal intervals slightly convex on inner intervals, flat laterally; 8th interval laterad 7th stria of same convexity as apical fused portion of striae 5 + 7; 2 dorsal elytral setae at 0.28 –0.30× and 0.58 –0.60× elytral length, setal impressions spanning ½ width of interval 3; lateral elytral setae arranged in anterior series of 7 setae and posterior series of 6 setae; elytral marginal depression moderately narrow with upturned edge at humerus, depression lined with isodiametric sculpticells in anterior half, narrowed in apical 1/3 to subapical sinuation; subapical sinuation shallow, symmetrical, internal plica visible from dorsal view. Mesepisternum with ~11 punctures in 2-3 rows; metepisternal width to length ratio = 0.70; metepisternum/metepimeron suture distinct. Abdomen with irregular longitudinal wrinkles laterally on ventrites 1-6, round lateral depressions on ventrites 4-6; suture between ventrites 2 and 3 effaced; apical male ventrite with 2 marginal setae and apical female ventrite with 4 equally spaced marginal setae plus median trapezoid of 4 subequal, short setae. Legs-metatarsomere 1/metatibial length ratio = 0.20; metatarsomere 4 length along outer lobe 1.3 × medial tarsomere length, apical and subapical setae present; metatarsal dorsolateral sulci narrow, lateral, median surface granulate. Microsculpture reduced on vertex, surface glossy with indistinct transverse sculpticells in shallow depressions of the cuticle; pronotal disc glossy, indistinct transverse sculpticells over parts of the surface, median base glossy between the isolated punctures; elytral apex glossy, with indistinct transverse sculpticells along margin; metasternum with shallow transverse mesh; laterobasal abdominal ventrites with swirling isodiametric and transverse microsculpture. Coloration of vertex rufous with a piceous cast; antennomere 1 rufoflavous, 2-11 rufobrunneous; pronotum rufopiceous, marginal depression narrowly rufoflavous; proepipleuron rufobrunneous, proepisternum rufopiceous; elytral disc rufopiceous with cupreous reflection, sutural interval concolorous basally, rufoflavous apically; elytral marginal depression rufobrunneous, apex narrowly rufobrunneous apicad subapical sinuation; elytral epipleuron dorsally rufoflavous, ventrally rufobrunneous, metepisternum rufopiceous; abdominal ventrites 1-5 medially rufopiceous, ventrites 3-6 rufoflavous marginally, apical ventrite 6 rufoflavous in apical half; metafemur rufoflavous, apex with rufobrunneous cast; metatibia rufobrunneous.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 5). Aedeagal median lobe gracile, distance from parameral articulation to tip 4.0 –4.3× depth at midlength (Fig. 111 A–C, E); apex elongate, extended 6 × its minimum depth beyond ostial opening, terminated in a spoonlike expanded tip; median lobe apex distinctly curved rightward at 45° angle in ventral view (Fig. 111D), right margin distinctly concave, and left side slightly convex before apex which terminates in a chiseled tip in this view; internal sac with ovoid macrospicular field on right side near base, the ventral surface broadly and diffusely covered with a pelage of microspicules (Fig. 111E); flagellar plate moderately large, length 0.47 × parameral articulation-tip distance.</p><p>Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix columnar, narrow and elongate, apex rounded, length 1.20 mm, breadth 0.34 mm (Fig. 104D); bursal walls translucent, thinly wrinkled; gonocoxite 1 with 4-5 apical fringe setae, a thicker seta at medioapical angle and 3-6 smaller setae along medial surface (Fig. 105D); gonocoxite 2 subtriangular, apex tightly rounded, base broadly extended laterally, 2 broad and elongate lateral ensiform setae, apical nematiform setae on medioventral surface at 0.75 × gonocoxite length.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Male (CUIC) dissected and labeled: HI: Maui Haleakala Koolau / For. Res. Koolau Gap @ Halehaku 13-V-1998 / lot03 1325m el. pyr. fog / Cibotium +mossy nurse / log J.K. Liebherr // Mecyclothorax bacrionis / ♂ #4 / det. J.K. Liebherr 2014 // HOLOTYPE / Mecyclothorax / bacrionis / Liebherr / det. J.K. Liebherr 2015 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Paratypes.</p><p>HI: Maui: Koolau For. Res., Hanawi N.A.R., Kopiliula Str., pyrethrin fog Acacia koa trunk, 1127 m el., 03-v-1998 lot 02, Liebherr (CUIC, 3), pyrethrin fog Metrosideros /moss, 1127 m el., 03-v-1998 lot 03, Liebherr (CUIC, 1), beating Metrosideros, 1170 m el., 04-v-1998 lot 05, Ewing (CUIC, 1), Kuhiwa Vy. E rim, dead fronds Cibotium chamissoi, 900 m el., 10-vi-1999 lot 07, Ewing (CPEC, 1), pyrethrin fog Cibotium, 880 m el., 10-vi-1999 lot 05, Polhemus (NMNH, 3), 915 m el., 10-vi-1999 lot 02, Polhemus (NMNH, 5), lot 03, Polhemus (NMNH, 1), pyrethrin fog Metrosideros, 880 m el., 09-vi-1999 lot 04, Polhemus (NMNH, 1).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The species epithet bacrionis, or Latin for ladle with a long handle (Brown 1956), is here used as a noun in apposition. The epithet references the conformation of the male aedeagal median lobe (Fig. 111).</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax bacrionis is distributed across the lower elevations-880-1325 m-of Hanawī (Fig. 112). The relatively few records have been associated with ‘ōhi‘a, koa, Cibotium ( hāpu‘u), or soft ferns.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8BEE2E9AD49244AAFAB2453A319CB0C5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
8F41B61056E6FF1BE283842E6E07E6D1.text	8F41B61056E6FF1BE283842E6E07E6D1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax haleakalae (Sharp)	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(089) Mecyclothorax haleakalae (Sharp) Figs 104E, 105E, 110B, 112, 113 A–D, 114</p><p>Metrothorax haleakalae Sharp 1903: 271; Swezey 1954: 8 ( koa association).</p><p>Mecyclothorax haleakalae, Britton 1948b: 125.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>This species (Fig. 110B) and Mecyclothorax simpulum (Fig. 110C) both are characterized by a glabrous quadrate pronotum-MPW/PL = 1.07-1.14 for this species-with a densely punctate median base. Specimens of Mecyclothorax haleakalae can be told by the well-developed and regular isodiametric mesh covering the elytral disc. The anterior supraorbital seta is absent from specimens of this species, whereas nearly all specimens examined of Mecyclothorax simpulum have both anterior and posterior pairs of these setae. The male aedeagal median lobe apex is broader dorsoventrally and flattened apically in Mecyclothorax haleakalae males (Figs 113A, C–D), and the internal sac bears two small ventral ostial microtrichial patches (Fig. 113C) which are absent from Mecyclothorax simpulum males (Fig. 113G). Setal formula 1 0 2 0. Standardized body length 5.2-6.0 mm.</p><p>Identification</p><p>(n = 5). The eyes are convex and large, ocular ratio = 1.51-1.61, ocular lobe ratio = 0.84-0.91. The pronotum is constricted basally, MPW/BPW = 1.56-1.70, with the lateral margin subparallel for 0.1 × the pronotal length anterad the slightly acute, projected hind angles. The median base has ~30-33 punctures each side. The pronotum is broader apically than basally; APW/BPW = 1.11-1.16. The elytra are narrowed basally, with angulate humeri, MEW/HuW = 2.10-2.22. Discal elytral striae 1-2 are shallow and closely punctured, whereas striae 3-5 are progressively less impressed laterally, the more lateral striae indicated by linear series of isolated punctures. The associated intervals 2-4 are slightly convex to flat, and the sutural interval is upraised from the disc to the apex. The vertex is glossy, with indistinct transverse sculpticells, breadth 2 × length, in small depressions. The pronotal disc is covered with an obsolete transverse microsculpture, with much of the surface glossy, and the pronotal base is glossy medially, with indistinct transverse sculpticells laterally.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 5). Aedeagal median lobe robust, distance from parameral articulation to tip 3.5 × depth at midlength (Fig. 113A, C–D); apex parallel sided to oblique tip formed by slightly convex apical face and slightly downturned ventral margin (Fig. 114); median lobe slightly curved rightward near apex, right margin shallowly concave, left margin sinuate to elongate, parallel-sided apex with rounded tip (Fig. 113B); internal sac broadest just before base of flagellar plate, narrow at base, with one ovoid dorsal ostial microtrichial patch on right dorsal face (Fig. 113D), and 2 distinct, ovoid ventral ostial microtrichial patches on left ventral face (Fig. 113C); flagellar plate large, robust, length 0.60 × parameral articulation-tip distance (Figs 113C, G, 114).</p><p>Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix columnar with a basal constriction, length 1.37 mm, apical width 0.50 mm, basal constriction 0.4 mm (Fig. 104E); bursal walls opaque, thickly wrinkled; gonocoxite 1 with 5 apical fringe setae and 5-6 smaller setae on medial surface (Fig. 105E); gonocoxite 2 falcate with a broad lateral extension at base, 2 elongate lateral ensiform setae, apical nematiform setae on medioventral surface at 0.77 × gonocoxite length.</p><p>Lectotype.</p><p>Male (BMNH) hereby designated, labeled: Metrothorax haleakalae Type D.S. Haleakala Perkins 354 // Type // Hawaiian Is. Perkins 1904-336 // LECTOTYPE Metrothorax haleakalae Sharp J.K. Liebherr 1998 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>During the 19th and early 20th Centuries, Mecyclothorax haleakalae was collected across the Waikamoi forest from Olinda to Ukulele Camp at elevations 1210-1675 m (Fig. 112). More recently it has been collected at Ukulele Pipeline (1525 m el.), and in yellow-pan traps along Kula Pipeline Rd (1183-1280 m el., UHIM) and Makawao-Maile Rd. (1293-1426 m el., UHIM). Aside from the yellow-pan traps, recent records have all been on koa, with beetles found under bark, or by application of pyrethrin fog to trunks of larger trees.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8F41B61056E6FF1BE283842E6E07E6D1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
CBD29086EB192F9E93F571B90A65A4A7.text	CBD29086EB192F9E93F571B90A65A4A7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax simpulum	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(090) Mecyclothorax simpulum sp. n. Figs 104F, 105F, 110C, 112, 113 E–G</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>This species (Fig. 110C) can be easily diagnosed from the other two in this triplet- Mecyclothorax bacrionis (Fig. 110A) and Mecyclothorax haleakalae (Fig. 110B) by the presence of both anterior and posterior supraorbital setae (in 1 of 22 specimens, the anterior supraorbital setae is unilaterally absent; setal formula 2(1) 0 2 0). The pronotum of this species is of exceedingly similar to that of Mecyclothorax haleakalae, however there are fewer punctures on the median base; ~25 each side. The sutural stria is shallower also, though discal stria 2 is about as impressed as in individuals of Mecyclothorax haleakalae . The male aedeagal median lobe has a slightly narrower apex, assessed dorsoventrally, with a more rounded tip (Fig. 113E, G) versus the dorsoventrally broader, apically flattened median lobe apex of Mecyclothorax haleakalae males (Fig. 113A, C–D). The male aedeagal internal sac also lacks any discrete ventral ostial microtrichial patches (Fig. 113G), though a dorsal ostial microtichial patch is present. Standardized body length 5.3-6.3 mm.</p><p>Description</p><p>(n = 5). [The above description of Mecyclothorax bacrionis can serve to describe this species with the following substitutions.] Eyes large and convex, ocular ratio = 1.51-1.61, ocular lobe ratio = 0.84-0.91. Pronotum appearing elongate, but MPW/PL = 1.11-1.12, basally constricted, MPW/BPW = 1.59-1.72; hind angles slightly obtuse, apex sharp, projected; basal margin slightly convex between laterobasal de pressions, margins posterad laterobasal depressions separately convex; anterior callosity slightly convex, crossed by dense though indistinct longitudinal wrinkles; pronotal apical width variably subequal to greater than basal width, APW/BPW = 1.01-1.14, laterobasal depression narrow, surface punctate, continuous with lateral depression. Elytra narrowly ovoid but humeral angles situated posterolaterad pronotal hind angles, therefore MEW/HuW = 2.19-2.38 (values marginally less than those recorded for Mecyclothorax bacrionis); discal striae 1-2 impressed, punctate, the punctures more closely spaced on sutural stria; striae 3-5 punctate but less impressed than inner striae, punctures therefore more isolated; 2 dorsal elytral setae at 0.22 –0.27× and 0.66 –0.69× elytral length. Mesepisternum with ~11 punctures in 2-3 rows. Microsculpture of vertex an indistinct transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 –3× length, surface glossy in parts; pronotal disc with indistinct transverse lines on a glossy surface, median base glossy medially, indistinct transverse sculpticells laterally; elytral disc with very small, indistinct isodiametric sculpticells in partially transverse rows, apex with shallow isodiametric mesh in transverse rows. Coloration of elytral disc rufopiceous, but without cupreous reflection associated with glossy elytral surface of Mecyclothorax bacrionis .</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 5). Aedeagal median lobe robust, distance from parameral articulation to tip 3.2 × depth at midlength (Fig. 113E, G); apex narrowly extended 2 –3× its depth beyond ostial opening, tip slightly oblique, dorsoapical face flattened, tip slightly expanded ventrally; median lobe parallel sided along shaft, right margin broadly concave before slightly offset parallel-sided apex with blunt tip (Fig. 113F); internal sac with transverse dorsal ostial microtrichial patch at base of right side (Fig. 113G), ventral surface covered with shaggy pelage of long microtrichia; flagellar plate large, robust, length 0.56 × parameral articulation-tip distance.</p><p>Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix columnar with a rounded apical expansion, length 1.6 mm, apical lobe width 0.72 mm, basal constriction at vagina 0.36 mm broad (Fig. 104F); bursal walls translucent, thickly wrinkled; gonocoxite 1 with 5-6 apical fringe setae, 1-2 thick setae at medioapical angle and 12-14 smaller setae along medial surface (Fig. 105F); gonocoxite 2 subacuminate, lateral extension at base with curved terminus, 2 lateral ensiform setae, apical nematiform setae on medioventral surface at 0.75 × gonocoxite length.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Male (CUIC) labeled: HI: Maui Haleakala N.P. / Kaupo Gap el. 1736 m / N20°42'27", W156°08'41" / 17-V-2001 lot 01 pyr. fog / Acacia koa J.K. Liebherr // HOLOTYPE / Mecyclothorax / simpulum / Liebherr / det. J.K. Liebherr 2015 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Paratypes.</p><p>HI: Maui: Haleakala N.P., Kaupo Gap, pyrethrin fog Acacia koa, 1736 m el., 17-v-2001 lot 01, Liebherr (CUIC, 22); Kipahulu Vy., Central Pali Tr., sift leaf/moss litter, 915 m el., 30-iv-1991 lot 03, Liebherr/Medeiros (CUIC, 1).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>As in Mecyclothorax bacrionis, the conformation of the male aedeagal median lobe is the most reliable means to diagnose this species. Here the Latin simpulum, small ladle, is used as a noun in apposition to signify the shape of the male median lobe (Figs 113E, G).</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax simpulum is a species of koa forests in eastern Haleakalā, found in lower Kīpahulu Valley (915 m el.) and in Kaupō Gap at 1736 m elevation (Fig. 112). The Kīpahulu record was from sifted moss and leaf litter from under large koas, and the Kaupō Gap record was based on application of pyrethrin fog to the trunk of a large koa .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CBD29086EB192F9E93F571B90A65A4A7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
0CFAF5AD9AA6ABF3257DBA7C90DCFCFA.text	0CFAF5AD9AA6ABF3257DBA7C90DCFCFA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax vitreus Britton	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(091) Mecyclothorax vitreus Britton Figs 115 A–B, 116 A–C, 117A, 118A, 119</p><p>Metrothorax laticollis Sharp 1903: 271 (junior homonym of Mecyclothorax laticollis Sloane 1900: 565).</p><p>Mecyclothorax vitreus Britton 1948b: 134.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Beetles of this species display the most vivid bluish metallic reflection of any species in the group (Fig. 115 A–B). That characteristic in combination with the more transverse, glabrous pronotum, MPW/PL = 1.18-1.23 assures facile identification even in the field. The elytra vary in shape, with the humeral area broader (Fig. 115A) or narrower (Fig. 115B); MEW/HuW = 2.12-2.30. Setal formula 2 0 2 0. Standardized body length 4.9-5.6 mm.</p><p>Identification</p><p>(n = 5). The eyes are convex, ocular ratio = 1.46-1.57, and cover much of the protruded ocular lobe, ocular lobe ratio = 0.81-0.87. The pronotal hind angles are right to slightly obtuse, with the margin behind the angles convex, and the lateral margins anterad the angle variably convergent. The pronotal median base is minutely punctured, with ~23 punctures each side isolated by glossy cuticle. The pronotal anterior transverse impression is broad and shallow, and lined with dense longitudinal wrinkles that extend medially across the anterior callosity. The pronotal lateral marginal depression is extremely narrow, constituted only by the beaded margin adjacent to the pronotal disc. The pronotal apex is distinctly broader than the base; APW/BPW = 1.14-1.20. All elytral intervals are flat, though the sutural interval may be slightly convex on the middle of the disc (Fig. 115A), with the sutural stria the most punctate. The 2nd stria may be serially punctate and slightly impressed on the disc, or indicated by a series of isolated punctures. The vertex is glossy, bearing only obsolete microsculpture that is difficult to discern. The pronotal disc and median base are also glossy, with obsolete transverse microsculpture over parts of the discal surface and obsolete isodiametric sculpticells in the laterobasal depression. The elytral disc is glossy with an obsolete, elongate transverse mesh; patches of elongate transverse sculpticells on the elytral apex.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 2). Aedeagal median lobe gracile, distance from parameral articulation to tip 4.1 × depth at midlength (Fig. 116A, C); apex narrowly extended beyond ostial opening 3 × its minimum depth, tip curved ventrally with oblique apical face; median lobe straight in ventral view, though right and left margins are sinuously subparallel as they narrow to an acuminate tip (Fig. 116B); internal sac with evident, though small, dorsal and ventral ostial microtrichial patches (left and right patches in ventral view, Fig. 116B); flagellar plate apparently short based on uneverted specimen (Fig. 116A), length 0.29 × parameral articulation-tip distance.</p><p>Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix columnar with rounded apex, length 0.94 mm, breadth 0.38 mm (Fig. 117A); bursal walls thickly wrinkled, base more translucent, apex more opaque; gonocoxite 1 with 3-4 apical fringe setae, a curved seta at medioapical angle and 6-7 smaller setae along medial surface (Fig. 118A); gonocoxite 2 narrowly falcate with tightly rounded tip and elongate basal extension with curved terminus, 2 lateral ensiform setae, apical nematiform setae on medioventral surface at 0.72 × gonocoxite length.</p><p>Lectotype.</p><p>Female (BMNH) hereby designated, labeled: Metrothorax laticollis Type D.S. Hawaii Perkins 680 // Type // Hawaiian Is. Perkins 1904-336. // Mecyclothorax vitreus n.n. for Metrothorax laticollis Sharp E.B. Britton det. 1939 // LECTOTYPE Metrothorax laticollis Sharp J.K. Liebherr 1998 (black-margined red label). The type locality represented by R.C.L.P. lot 680 is HI: Maui, Haleakala, 4000+ ft. (Anonymous N D), in the Waikamoi area above Olinda.</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax vitreus is found at moderate elevations in the Waikamoi area, with all records spanning 1170-1830 m elevation (Fig. 119). More recently is has been collected in association with koa trunks, or by beating vegetation at night.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0CFAF5AD9AA6ABF3257DBA7C90DCFCFA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
B919BC2DD9DE47C82EFBF71987E1764D.text	B919BC2DD9DE47C82EFBF71987E1764D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax perkinsianus (Sharp)	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(092) Mecyclothorax perkinsianus (Sharp) Figs 115C, 116D, 117B, 118B</p><p>Metrothorax perkinsianus Sharp 1903: 270.</p><p>Mecyclothorax perkinsianus, Britton 1948b: 135.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Beetles of this species (Fig. 115C) exhibit a dorsal body surface that is as glossy as that of Mecyclothorax vitreus (Fig. 115 A–B), but the pronotum is much less transverse, MPW/PL = 1.08-1.10, and the lateral pronotal seta is present. The sutural and 2nd stri ae are slightly impressed on the disc in association with a slightly convex interval 2. The elytra are rufobrunneous, with the sutural interval paler, rufous basally and rufoflavous apically. In keeping with the narrow elytral base, the humeri are more proximate than in any other member of the group; MEW/HuW = 2.42-2.53. Setal formula 2 1 2 0. Standardized body length 5.2-5.3 mm.</p><p>Identification</p><p>(n = 2). The eyes are very convex, ocular ratio = 1.57-1.59, and cover much of the protruded ocular lobe, ocular lobe ratio = 0.91. The pronotal hind angles are slightly obtuse with tightly rounded apex, with the margin behind the angles convex, the basal margin continued in a trisinuate curve. The lateral margins are subparallel for only a short distance anterad the hind angles. The pronotal median base is smooth with ~16-17 large isolated punctures each side. The pronotal anterior transverse impression is shallow but distinct, crossed by some fine, shallow longitudinal wrinkles that extend medially across the anterior callosity. The pronotal lateral marginal depression is extremely narrow, constituted only by the beaded margin adjacent to the pronotal disc. The pronotal apex is broader than the base; APW/BPW = 1.07-1.12. The vertex is glossy, bearing only obsolete microsculpture that is difficult to discern. The pronotal disc and median base are also glossy, with obsolete transverse microsculpture over parts of the discal surface and obsolete transverse sculpticells in the laterobasal depression. The elytral disc is glossy with an obsolete, elongate transverse mesh; patches of indistinct isodiametric sculpticells on the elytral apex.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 1). Aedeagal median lobe parallel sided along shaft, moderately robust, distance from parameral articulation to tip 3.8 × depth at midlength (Fig. 116D); apex expanded dorsally a blunt projection, ventrally as acutely rounded tooth, the apical face between slightly convex; internal sac with dorsal ostial microtrichial patch near base, distinct, round ventral ostial microtrichial patch at 1/3 sac length; flagellar plate very large, robust, length 0.67 × parameral articulation-tip distance.</p><p>Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix columnar, thin and elongate with apical expansion, length 1.42 mm, apical breadth 0.46 mm, midlength breadth 0.32 mm (Fig. 117B); bursal walls thickly wrinkled, base more translucent; gonocoxite 1 with 4 apical fringe setae, a thicker seta basad medioapical angle and 7-10 smaller setae along medial surface (Fig. 118B); gonocoxite 2 broad basally, with lateral margin straight near lateral ensiform setae, apex subacuminate, base broadly extended with curved terminus, 2 broad and elongate lateral ensiform setae, apical nematiform setae on medioventral surface at 0.76 × gonocoxite length.</p><p>Lectotype.</p><p>Male (BMNH) hereby designated, labeled: Metrothorax perkinsianus Type D.S. Haleakala Perkins 1902 // Type // LECTOTYPE Metrothorax perkinsianus Sharp J.K. Liebherr 1998 (black-margined red label). Sharp (1903: 271) states "This species was discovered by the naturalist to whom we are indebted for Atelothorax optatus ." Under Atelothorax optatus, junior synonym of Mecyclothorax cognatus, Sharp writes: "The unique exponent was found on Haleakala last year by a friend of Mr. Perkins. I regret that I do not know the name (1903: 269)." Sharp (1896, 1903) did know and write about Dr. Albert Koebele and Brother Matthias Newell of Wailuku, Maui, but he did not mention George C. Munro, the noted ornithologist who emigrated to Hawai‘i in 1890 to collect birds with Henry C. Palmer for Lord Walter Rothschild (Amadon 1964). Munro provided specimens to Perkins; e.g., the types of Mecyclothorax munroi (Perkins 1937), junior synonym of Mecyclothorax karschi Blackburn (Liebherr 2011), and Blackburnia munroi (Perkins 1936). Specimens of Mecyclothorax planatus and Mecyclothorax cognatus included in this revision were collected in 1936 at Olinda by Munro. These later specimens do not prove that Munro was the “naturalist” in question who was the only person to see Mecyclothorax perkinsianus in nature, but Munro would have favored the Waikamoi collecting area-the range of Mecyclothorax cognatus (Fig. 31)-as it has always been well known for its native birds.</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax perkinsianus is the only Haleakalā Mecyclothorax species for which we have no authoritative locality information. Based on the forest habitats available to entomologists at the turn of the 20th Century, bolstered by the best guess of G.C. Munro as the collector, the Waikamoi forest at 1300 m elevation seems the most likely collecting site, and so is designated the type locality.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B919BC2DD9DE47C82EFBF71987E1764D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
D193F9093C2425EAF3094FCFA9DACEC5.text	D193F9093C2425EAF3094FCFA9DACEC5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax kipwilli	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(093) Mecyclothorax kipwilli sp. n. Figs 115 D–E, 117C, 118C, 120, 121</p><p>Diagnosis .</p><p>The four newly described species of the Mecyclothorax vitreus group complex-this species (Fig. 115 D–E), Mecyclothorax kipahulu (Fig. 122A), Mecyclothorax kaumakani (Fig. 122 B–C), and Mecyclothorax kuiki (Fig. 122 D–E)-were sorted for description principally by the configuration of the male aedeagus. Thus any external characters used here and in the key above are at best guideposts on the way to an identification, with a dissected male necessary for an authoritative determination, especially in the geographic area of extreme sympatry surrounding Kīpahulu Valley (Fig. 121). Nevertheless, based on available specimens, beetles of this species have the elytra more broadly ovoid relative to the width of the head across the eyes than observed in specimens of the other species; MEW/MHW = 2.18-2.21 (note: the span of these values for Mecyclothorax kuiki = 2.08-2.18). Pronotal shape, elytral striation, and microsculpture, usually of great help for species-level identification, are so variable infraspecifically that consulting the aedeagus is the only means to put a name on a specimen of this species with any confidence. That said, the male aedeagal median lobe is distinctive and relatively stable morphologically across this species’ range (Fig. 120), with the apex broad dorsoventrally and blunt apically. The aedeagal internal sac bears a ventral ostial microtrichial patch, and the lobe is only partially divided into an apical versus a basal lobe (Fig. 120G). Setal formula 2 1 2 0. Standardized body length 3.8-5.1 mm.</p><p>Description</p><p>(n = 5). Head capsule with frontal grooves deep apically near clypeus, sinuous laterally to mesad anterior supraorbital seta, separated from seta by low carina; dorsal impression of neck broad, shallow, visible dorsally; ocular lobe moderately protruded from gena, eyes moderately convex, ocular ratio = 1.46-1.53, ocular lobe ratio = 0.80-0.89; labral anterior margin broadly shallowly emarginate; antennae filiform, antennomeres 2-3 with sparse pelage of short setae; mentum tooth with sides slightly acute, apex tightly rounded. Pronotum slightly, variably transverse, MPW/PL = 1.07-1.20, variably constricted basally, MPW/BPW = 1.49-1.63; hind angle slightly acute, lateral margin slightly convergent to evenly concave (in the same specimen, Fig. 115E) anterad angle; median base with 9-14 isolated punctures each side; basal margin straight medially, slightly expanded posterad behind laterobasal depressions; median longitudinal impression very shallow, indistinct; front angles slightly projected, rounded; pronotal apex broader than base, APW/BPW = 1.05-1.14; lateral marginal depression moderately narrow, edge upturned; laterobasal depression narrow, smooth, laterally upraised to margin. Proepisternum with 6 minute punctures along hind marginal groove; prosternal process medially depressed with a low lateral marginal bead. Elytra convex, sides depressed; basal groove evenly and briefly curved to tightly rounded to obtusely angulate humerus at juncture of basal groove and lateral marginal depression; MEW/HuW = 2.32-2.44; parascutellar seta present; parascutellar striole with 4 isolated punctures; sutural interval slightly convex, lateral intervals 1-4 flat; sutural stria deep and distinct apically, whereas 2nd stria shallow, broad there; 8th interval laterad 7th stria as convex as fused apical portion of striae 5 + 7; 2 dorsal elytral setae at 0.25 × and 0.59 –0.66× elytral length, setal impressions spanning ½ width of interval 3; lateral elytral setae arranged in anterior series of 7 setae and a posterior series of 6 setae; elytral marginal depression narrow, lateral margin upturned; subapical sinuation shallow, broad. Mesepisternum with ~16 isolated punctures in 3 rows; metepisternal width to length ratio = 0.72; metepisternum/metepimeron suture distinct; metathoracic flight wing a narrow strap 2.1 × long as broad, remnant R and M veins present, strap not reaching hind margin of metanotum. Abdomen with irregular lateral wrinkles on ventrites 1-3; suture between ventrites 2 and 3 complete; apical male ventrite with 2 marginal setae and apical female ventrite with 4 equally spaced marginal setae plus median trapezoid of 4 short setae, the basal pair longer. Legs-metatarsomere 1/metatibial length ratio = 0.20; metatarsomere 4 length along outer lobe 1.5 × medial tarsomere length, apical and subapical setae present; metatarsal dorsolateral sulci broad, shallow. Microsculpture of vertex a transversely stretched mesh; pronotal disc with indistinct elongate transverse mesh, median base with isodiametric sculpticells near punctures, glossy surface in spaces between punctures; elytral disc with indistinct to obsolete isodiametric mesh in transverse rows-sculpticells visible only in small patches; elytral apex glossy with patches of indistinct isodiametric sculpticells; metasternum covered with swirling transverse mesh; laterobasal abdominal ventrites with swirling isodiametric sculpticells. Coloration of vertex a glossy brunneous; antennomeres 1-3 flavous, 4-11 rufobrunneous; pronotal disc brunneous, lateral depression and edge of disc rufoflavous; proepipleuron flavous, proepisternum rufobrunneous with piceous cast; elytral disc glossy rufobrunneous, sutural interval concolorous basally, rufoflavous apically, margins narrowly rufoflavous in lateral depression, apex rufoflavous; elytral epipleuron flavous, metepisternum rufobrunneous with piceous cast; abdomen piceous basally, lateral margins of ventrites 3-6 flavous; metafemur flavous; metatibia flavous with brunneous cast.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 38). Aedeagal median lobe squat, evenly curved, dorsal margin very convex along left margin of ostial opening, distance from parameral articulation to tip 2.4 –2.8× depth at midlength (Fig. 120A, C–I); apex only briefly extended beyond ostial opening, obliquely blunt with apical face nearly flat to slightly convex, and ventral tip acutely rounded; median lobe straight overall in ventral view, apex curved slightly to left before rounded tip, convex dorsal margin visible to right of curved tip (Fig. 120B); internal sac broad and squat, a variably developed ventral ostial microtrichial patch (Fig. 120 D–E, G–I), and a variably developed basal lobe (Fig. 120D, G) present; flagellar plate very small, length 0.20 –0.30× parameral articulation-tip distance.</p><p>Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix broad, saclike with rounded apex, length 0.74 mm, breadth 0.46 mm (Fig. 117C); bursal walls translucent, thinly wrinkled; gonocoxite 1 with 5 apical fringe setae of 2 distinct sizes, 10-13 small setae across ventral surface (more may occur on dorsal surface but if so, they are impossible to discern) (Fig. 118C); gonocoxite 2 broadly falcate, apex subacuminate, base broadly extended laterally, 2 lateral narrow ensiform setae, apical nematiform setae on medioventral surface at 0.70 × gonocoxite length.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Male (BPBM) labeled: HAWAIIAN IS: Maui (E): / Haleakala Nat. Park: / ridge E of Kipahulu / Valley, Greensword Bog: / 1859m, 22-25.VI.1981 // W.C. Gagné, Coll. / BISHOP Museum / Acc. #1981.284 // HOLOTYPE / Mecyclothorax / kipwilli / Liebherr / det. J.K. Liebherr 2015 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Paratypes.</p><p>256 specimens (see Appendix).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>This species is named to commemorate the efforts of the first person who sorted to species the many Haleakalā Mecyclothorax specimens collected during the initial years of this project. Prof. Kipling W. Will was the first to separate specimens of this species now called Mecyclothorax kipwilli .</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax kipwilli has a bipartite Waikamoi plus Hanawī/Hāna Bogs distribution, but the eastern populations are restricted in occurrence by the speciation events that spawned the other closely related species in this complex; Mecyclothorax kaumakani, Mecyclothorax kipahulu, and Mecyclothorax kuiki (Fig. 121). Records of this species have been associated predominantly with ‘ōhi‘a, and secondarily with koa . Koa records lie in the upper elevations of the range (1800-1860 m el.), whereas ‘ōhi‘a records broadly range 1310-1860 m elevation. Other plant substrates include Cheirodendron ('ōlapa), Cibotium ( hāpu‘u), Clermontia ( ‘ōhā wai), Cyanea (haha), Dubautia reticulata (kupaoa), Leptecophylla (pūkiawe), Melicope (alani), and Myrsine (kolea).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D193F9093C2425EAF3094FCFA9DACEC5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
6ACDF31F5DA2370F9FF27DBF5814C96E.text	6ACDF31F5DA2370F9FF27DBF5814C96E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax kipahulu	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(094) Mecyclothorax kipahulu sp. n. Figs 117D, 118D, 121, 122A, 123 A–E, 124</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Individual of this species can be diagnosed from those of Mecyclothorax kaumakani and Mecyclothorax kuiki by the less developed elytral microsculpture. The elytral intervals are glossy, with only indistinct transverse lines, at most, visible over portions of the glossy cuticle. The male aedeagal median lobe has a short apex that is narrowed from the ostial opening to a rounded tip (Fig. 123 A–E). The median lobe internal sac is divided into a shorter, broader basal lobe and a longer, thinner apical lobe (Fig. 123C). Setal formula 2 0 1 0. Standardized body length 4.1-5.2 mm.</p><p>Description</p><p>(n = 5). [The above description of Mecyclothorax kipwilli can serve to describe this species with the following substitutions.] Eyes more convex than in Mecyclothorax kipwilli; ocular ratio = 1.55-1.59, ocular lobe ratio = 0.79-0.85. Pronotum slightly transverse, MPW/PL = 1.16-1.19, variably constricted basally, MPW/BPW = 1.56-1.69; median base bearing 13-16 large, isolated punctures each side. Elytra narrowly ellipsoid, lateral margins somewhat projected laterad humeri, MEW/HuW = 2.17-2.36 (a conformation that coincides with the elytral shape of Mecyclothorax kaumakani, MEW/HuW = 2.10-2.27, and is broader basally, though not diagnostically so, than the elytra of Mecyclothorax kipwilli, MEW/HuW = 2.32-2.44, and Mecyclothorax kuiki, MEW/HuW = 2.30-2.39). Mesepisternum with ~8-10 punctures in 2 rows; metathoracic flight wing a narrow strap 1.9 × long as broad, remnant M vein present; strap not reaching hind margin of metanotum. Coloration of vertex rufous with piceous cast; pronotal disc rufopiceous, margins narrowly paler, rufous; elytral disc glossy rufopiceous, sutural interval rufous basally and apically, concolorous on disc.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 14). Aedeagal median lobe moderately robust, shaft curved, dorsal margin convex near apex of ostial opening, distance from parameral articulation to tip 3.0 –3.4× depth at midlength (Fig. 123A, C–E); apical extension parallel sided, the tip evenly rounded; median lobe nearly straight in ventral view, the tip curved rightward, dorsal margin visible behind and to the left of curved tip (Fig. 123B), internal sac with large broad basal lobe, and narrower, more elongate apical lobe bearing the flagellar plate (Figs 123C, 124), sac surface covered with variously pigmented microspicules, but without distinct microtrichial patches; flagellar plate small, length 0.29 × parameral articulation-tip distance.</p><p>Based on aedeagal conformation, Mecyclothorax kipwilli (Fig. 120), Mecyclothorax kipahulu (Fig. 123 A–E), and Mecyclothorax kaumakani (Fig. 123 F–L) comprise a triplet of closely related species. All have males with median lobes that are robust in breadth, distinctly curved, and have dorsoventrally broad, truncate apices. Males of all three species possess aedeagal internal sacs with both apical and basal lobes (Figs 120G, 123C, G), however in Mecyclothorax kipahulu and Mecyclothorax kaumakani males, the basal lobe approaches or exceeds the size of the plesiomorphically present apical lobe that bears the flagellar plate, supporting adelphotaxon status for these species.</p><p>Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix columnar with rounded apex, length 0.84 mm, apical breadth 0.34 mm, maximum breadth 0.43 mm (Fig. 117D); bursal walls thickly wrinkled at midlength, more finely wrinkled apically; gonocoxite 1 with 2-4 apical fringe setae, a curved seta at medioapical angle and 5-6 smaller setae along medial surface (Fig. 118D); gonocoxite 2 falcate, apex subacuminate, base broadly extended laterally with curved terminus, 2 elongate lateral ensiform setae, apical nematiform setae on medioventral surface at 0.69 × gonocoxite length.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Male (BPBM) dissected and labeled: HAWAII: Maui I (E): / Haleakala Nat. Park / Kipahulu Valley / 1525 m, 25-XI-1980 // Sweeping // Rain forest understory // W.C. Gagné, Coll. / BISHOP Museum / Acc. #1980.545 // Mecyclothorax / kipahulu / ♂ #61 / det. J.K. Liebherr 2014 // HOLOTYPE / Mecyclothorax / kipahulu / Liebherr / det. J.K. Liebherr 2015 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Paratypes.</p><p>138 specimens (see Appendix).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>This species is given the epithet kipahulu in reference to Kīpahulu Valley, home to Laka, a god of canoe makers (Pukui et al. 1974), and within whose boundaries this species lives (Fig. 121).</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax kipahulu is distributed within Kīpahulu Valley from 1300-2045 m elevation (Fig. 121), with its distribution parapatrically adjacent to those of Mecyclothorax kaumakani, Mecyclothorax kipwilli, and Mecyclothorax kuiki . The upper portion of the species distribution comprises older Kula volcanics (150-750 Ka), whereas the lower elevation portion of the distribution lies on Hāna Volcanic flow Qhn2, dated 11,000 years ago (Sherrod et al. 2007). Occurring at higher elevations in Kīpahulu, the host substrate records all involve ‘ōhi‘a, with other means of collecting including sifting leaf and moss litter, and beating vegetation at night.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6ACDF31F5DA2370F9FF27DBF5814C96E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
F7CBEF916CA31099805495197895D4DF.text	F7CBEF916CA31099805495197895D4DF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax kaumakani	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(095) Mecyclothorax kaumakani sp. n. Figs 117E, 118E, 121, 122 B–C, 123 F–L</p><p>Diagnosis .</p><p>The pronotal median base is more punctate in this species versus Mecyclothorax kipahulu and Mecyclothorax kuiki, with ~16-20 punctures each side (Fig. 122 B–C). The basal margin of the pronotum is smoothly curved, without dense longitudinal wrinkles as in Mecyclothorax kuiki (Fig. 122 D–E). Also, the elytra are not so widened in their apical half, leading to a lower ratio of MEW/HuW = 2.10-2.27, versus higher ratios among individuals of Mecyclothorax kuiki . The male aedeagal median lobe is most like those of Mecyclothorax kipahulu males, but the dorsal and ventral margins are more parallel on the apex, and the tip is slightly expanded into a knob (Fig. 123 F–L).</p><p>Setal formula 2 1 2 0. Standardized body length 4.6-5.0.</p><p>Description</p><p>(n = 5). [The above description of Mecyclothorax kipwilli can serve to describe this species with the following substitutions.] Eyes more convex than in Mecyclothorax kipwilli, though not diagnostically so, ocular ratio = 1.53-1.59, ocular lobe ratio = 0.79-0.87. Pronotum little transverse, MPW/PL = 1.10-1.15, variably constricted basally, MPW/BPW = 1.46-1.65. Elytra narrowly ellipsoid, lateral margins somewhat projected laterad humeri, MEW/HuW = 2.10-2.27. Metathoracic flight wing a narrow strap 1.3 × long as broad, remnant M vein present; strap not reaching hind margin of metanotum. Microsculpture of pronotal median base an indistinct to distinct isodiametric mesh across the surface between punctures; elytral disc with shallow, evident transversely stretched isodiametric mesh in transverse rows. Coloration of vertex rufous with piceous cast; pronotal disc rufopiceous; elytral disc glossy rufopiceous, sutural interval concolorous basally rufoflavous apically; elytral epipleura rufoflavous, metepisternum rufopiceous.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 11). Aedeagal median lobe moderately robust, curved, dorsal margin distinctly convex, bulging near apex of ostial opening, distance from parameral articulation to tip 3.2 –3.5× depth at midlength (Fig. 123 F–K); median lobe straight in ventral view, with apex extended from right side, and bulging dorsal surface visible behind and to the left of apex (Fig. 123L); internal sac with large, broad basal lobe, and narrow, short apical lobe bearing the flagellar plate, the sac surface covered with microspicules only; flagellar plate very small, length 0.19 –0.20× parameral articulation-tip distance.</p><p>Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix broad, saclike, with basal lobe at vagina ventrad common oviduct, length 0.62 mm, breadth 0.36 mm (Fig. 117E); bursal walls more heavily stained and thickly wrinkled at basal lobe, more translucent and not wrinkled near apex; gonocoxite 1 with 3 apical fringe setae and 8 smaller setae along medial surface (Fig. 118E); gonocoxite 2 falcate, apex subacuminate, base broadly extended laterally with curved terminus, 2 lateral ensiform setae, apical nematiform setae on medioventral surface at 0.72 × gonocoxite length.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Male (CUIC) dissected and labeled: HI: Maui Haleakala N.P. / Kipahulu west rim ESE Kuiki sift humus ex ohia / 15-V-1993 lot 03 / el. 1850 m // J.K. Liebherr &amp; / A.C. Medeiros / Collectors // HOLOTYPE / Mecyclothorax / kaumakani / Liebherr / det. J.K. Liebherr 2015 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Paratypes.</p><p>42 specimens (see Appendix).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The distribution of this species embraces Kīpahulu Valley, with specimens collected on Kaumakani mountain to the east of Kīpahulu Valley, and along the western rim of Kīpahulu Valley ESE of Kuiki (Fig. 121). Kaumakani is taken as the species epithet for this species, allowing the next species of this complex to be named after Kuiki.</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax kaumakani is known from Kaumakani summit to the east of Kīpahulu Valley, and from near Pu‘u Ahulili on the Manawainui Planeze west of lower Kīpahulu Valley (Fig. 121); a distribution made disjunct by the presence of Mecyclothorax kipahulu in Kīpahulu Valley. The Kaumakani records are from relatively low elevations, 1127-1165 m-whereas the Manawainui records are from 1600-1850 m elevation. Both Kaumakani and the Manawainui Planeze comprise Kula Volcanics, dated 150-750 Ka, whereas the floor of lower Kīpahulu Valley is composed of Hāna Volcanic formation Qhn2, dated to 11,000 years ago (Sherrod et al. 2007). This history suggests that the Kaumakani and Manawainui populations of this species have not been in contact for the past 11,000 years, and that Mecyclothorax kipahulu colonized the lower valley floor from an upper Kīpahulu Valley Kula volcanic terrane during that time.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F7CBEF916CA31099805495197895D4DF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
AAF15F9C212D09B6E1FC31E5361DC6F4.text	AAF15F9C212D09B6E1FC31E5361DC6F4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax kuiki	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(096) Mecyclothorax kuiki sp. n. Figs 117F, 118F, 121, 122 D–E, 125</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>This fourth species of the Mecyclothorax vitreus group complex can be diagnosed by the pronotal median base with large punctures traversing the midline of the base, and small longitudinal wrinkles dissecting or at least disturbing the basal margin (Fig. 122 D–E). The median base also has well-developed isodiametric microsculpture between the punctures. The elytra are ellipsoid, the base narrow with the margins laterad the humeri barely extended, resulting in high ratios of MEW/HuW = 2.30-2.39 that are mirrored in Mecyclothorax kipahulu (Fig. 122A) and Mecyclothorax kipwilli (Fig. 115 D–E), but greater than those derived from Mecyclothorax kaumakani (Fig. 122 B–C). The male aedeagal median lobe is of the most plesiomorphic configuration within this species complex, as the median lobe is gracile and moderately curved, and apex is narrowly extended beyond the ostial opening, the tip narrowly rounded and slightly downturned (Fig. 125 A–C, F–G). The male aedeagal internal sac corroborates the median lobe’s relative plesiomorphy, as it is unilobate, long, and generally of the configuration observed across the genus (Fig. 125B, F, G). Setal formula 2 1 2 0. Standardized body length 4.4-5.5 mm.</p><p>Description</p><p>(n = 5). [The above description of Mecyclothorax kipwilli can serve to describe this species with the following substitutions.] Eyes of similar convexity to Mecyclothorax kipwilli; ocular ratio = 1.46-1.58, ocular lobe ratio = 0.76-0.81. Pronotum appearing elongate but slightly transverse, MPW/PL = 1.10-1.15, variably constricted basally, MPW/BPW = 1.46-1.65; median base bearing 10-13 isolated punctures across midlength of base, plus fine longitudinal wrinkles along the basal margin. Metathoracic flight wing an ellipsoid strap 1.4 × long as broad, remnant R + M veins present; strap not reaching hind margin of metanotum. Microsculpture of elytral disc shallow, evident, comprising a transversely stretched isodiametric mesh arranged in transverse rows, elytral apex with evident isodiametric mesh. Coloration of vertex rufous with piceous cast; pronotal disc rufobrunneous with piceous cast, margins narrowly paler, rufous; elytral disc rufobrunneous, sutural interval rufous basally and apically, concolorous on disc.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 11). Aedeagal median lobe robust, dorsal surface broadly convex, distance from parameral articulation to tip 2.3 × depth at midlength (Fig. 125 A–C, E–G); apex very narrowly extended, the tip obliquely rounded with dorsoapical face slightly flattened; median lobe sinuously curved in ventral view, right margin slightly concave, left margin briefly convex before narrow, bluntly rounded tip (Fig. 125D); internal sac very broad, cylindrical (Fig. 125B, F–G), length variable, from 1.0 –1.2× parameral articulation-tip distance; a small basal lobe may (Fig. 125B) or may not (Fig. 125 F, G) be present on dorsal surface of sac; ventral sac surface covered with shaggy pelage of longer microtrichia; flagellar plate robust, very large, length 0.61 –0.67× parameral articulation-tip distance (plate size is positively associated with sac length, Fig. 125B, F–G).</p><p>Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix columnar, broad and elongate, length 1.48 mm, breadth 0.57 mm (Fig. 117F); bursal walls translucent, surface more thickly wrinkled near base, apex with only thin wrinkles; gonocoxite 1 with 3-4 apical fringe setae and 6-9 smaller setae along medial surface (Fig. 118F); gonocoxite 2 falcate, apex subacuminate, basal extension elongate with curved terminus, 2 thin lateral ensiform setae, apical nematiform setae on medioventral surface at 0.71 × gonocoxite length.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Male (CUIC) dissected and labeled: HI: Maui Haleakala N.P. / Kipahulu west rim below / Kuiki sift humus ex ohia / 14-V-1993 lot 02 / el. 2090 m // J.K. Liebherr &amp; / A.C. Medeiros / Collectors // Mecyclothorax kuiki ♂ #80 // HOLOTYPE / Mecyclothorax / kuiki / Liebherr / det. J.K. Liebherr 2015 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Paratypes.</p><p>84 specimens (see Appendix).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>As most specimens of this species have been found in proximity to Kuiki, the summit of Kīpahulu Valley’s west rim, that locality name is used as the epithet for this final species in the Mecyclothorax kipwilli + Mecyclothorax kipahulu + Mecyclothorax kaumakani + Mecyclothorax kuiki species quartet.</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Analogous to the distribution of Mecyclothorax kaumakani, Mecyclothorax kuiki is disjunctly distributed north and south of Kīpahulu Valley (Fig. 121). In the Hāna Bogs region it is known only from New Greensword Bog, 1850 m elevation, whereas various Manawainui Planeze localities range 1525-2145 m elevation. Records are primarily associated with ‘ōhi‘a, with one collecting event associated with Leptecophylla (pūkiawe).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AAF15F9C212D09B6E1FC31E5361DC6F4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
3202E58187E7EB4178A9861B9E6AF7BC.text	3202E58187E7EB4178A9861B9E6AF7BC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax rex	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(097) Mecyclothorax rex sp. n. Figs 126A, 127, 128A, 129A, 130</p><p>Diagnosis .</p><p>These handsome beetles are instantly recognizable by: 1, the very large body size, standardized body length 6.9-7.4 mm; 2, dark, glossy cuticle; and 3, transverse pronotum-MPW/PL = 1.23-1.27-with projected, glabrous hind angles (Fig. 126A). The discal elytral striae are deep and distinctly punctate, the associated intervals moderately convex. The only other Hawaiian Mecyclothorax of similar body size is the very different-looking Mecyclothorax molops (Fig. 95A). Although only possible to test using first-hand experience, the elytral cuticle is so hard and brittle that use of an insect mounting pin to prepare a fully sclerotized specimen will shatter the elytron (much as would happen during such a pinning exercise for a specimen of Clivina Latreille). Setal formula 2 1 2 1[sae].</p><p>Description</p><p>(n = 4). Head capsule with frontal grooves broad near clypeus, shallow, lateral convexity very low; dorsal surface of neck flat to convex; ocular lobe obtusely projected from gena, ocular ratio = 1.48-1.56, ocular lobe ratio = 0.79-0.84; labral anterior margin broadly, shallowly emarginate; antennae filiform, antennomeres 2-3 glabrous except for apical setae; mentum tooth with sides acute, apex rounded. Pronotum broad, moderately constricted basally, MPW/BPW = 1.20-1.27; hind angle obtuse, margin behind angle convex, lateral margin anterad angle subparallel for short distance before diverging; median base smooth with minute, isolated punctures; basal margin convex between hind angles; median longitudinal impression shallow, finely incised; anterior transverse impression broad, deep, continuous medially, finely incised at front angles; anterior callosity broadly convex, smooth; front angles subangulate, not protruded; pronotal apex much narrower than basal width, APW/BPW = 0.79-0.83; lateral marginal depression narrow, edge beaded at midlength, slightly broader at front angle, broadly explanate at hind angle; laterobasal depression smooth, deep, continuous with lateral depression. Proepisternum and proepimeron with ~6 large punctures along hind marginal grooves; prosternal process broadly depressed on ventral surface, low marginal bead between coxae. Elytra subparallel with broadly convex apical margins, disc convex, sides depressed; basal groove absent from base of parascutellar interval, angled anteriorly at lateral edge of sutural interval and subangulate humerus at base of stria 6; elytral base broad, MEW/HuW = 1.63-1.70; parascutellar seta present; parascutellar striole shallow, 3-4 isolated punctures along length; sutural interval more convex than lateral intervals, sutural juncture upraised; sutural and 2nd striae of subequal depth on disc, stria 2 evanescent at apex whereas sutural stria finely incised, deep, and smooth; all striae except sutural and 8th absent from elytral apex, elytral surface evenly convex between those striae; 2 dorsal elytral setae at 0.25 × and 0.55 × elytral length, setal impressions small, spanning about 1/3 of interval 3; apical absent, subapical setae present in melanized track of reduced stria 7; lateral elytral setae arranged in anterior series of 7 setae and posterior series of 6 setae; elytral marginal depression narrow, lateral margin upturned; subapical sinuation very shallow, internal plica visible from dorsal viewpoint. Mesepisternum with ~20 punctures in 2-3 rows; metepisternal width to length ratio 0.83; metepisternum/metepimeron suture distinct; metathoracic flight wing an elongate strap, 3.7 × long as broad, remnant R and M veins present, the strap extended beyond posterior margin of metanotum for 0.4 × its length. Abdomen with anterior margin of abdominal ventrite 2 depressed along suture; abdominal ventrites 1-6 smooth; suture between ventrites 2 and 3 very shallow but traceable; apical male ventrite with 2 marginal setae and apical female ventrite with 4 equally spaced setae and median trapezoid of 4 subequal, short setae. Legs-metatarsomere 1/metatibial length ratio = 0.17; metatarsomere 4 length along outer lobe 1.2 × medial tarsomere length, apical and subapical setae present; metatarsal dorsolateral sulci broad, shallow. Microsculpture of vertex, pronotal disc and base obsolete, surfaces glossy; elytral disc with obsolete, elongate transverse mesh, apex without microsculpture, surface glossy; metasternum and laterobasal abdominal ventrites with glossy surfaces. Coloration of vertex rufopiceous; antennomere 1 rufoflavous, antennomeres 2-11 with piceous cast; pronotal disc and margins rufopiceous; proepipleuron rufobrunneous with piceous upper margin, proepisternum rufobrunneous with piceous cast; elytral disc rufopiceous, sutural interval concolorous basally to rufobrunneous apically, margins concolorous with disc; elytral epipleuron and metepisternum rufous; abdomen rufous with a piceous cast, apex of apical ventrite only slightly paler; metafemur rufoflavous with median piceous cloud; metatibia rufopiceous with tibial setae golden.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 2). Aedeagal median lobe large, moderately gracile, distance from parameral articulation to tip 3.9 × depth at midlength (Fig. 127A); apex extended 2.5 × depth beyond apex of ostial opening, curved dorsally near tip that is slightly expanded dorsally, and broadly convex apically; median lobe straight in ventral view, lateral margins evenly convergent to knifelike apex that is slightly curved toward left at tip (Fig. 127B); internal sac narrow, stalklike, with a broad dorsal ostial microtrichial patch at base, and ventral surface broadly covered with shaggy, melanic, microspicules (Fig. 127C); flagellar plate elongate, as long as membranous internal sac, and 0.64 × as long as parameral articulation-tip distance.</p><p>Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix columnar with rounded apex and basal constriction, length 1.48 mm, breadth 0.74 mm, basal constriction 0.45 mm broad (Fig. 128A); bursal walls translucent, thickly wrinkled; gonocoxite 1 with 3 apical fringe setae, the middle seta of series largest, a curved seta at medioapical angle and 8-10 setae on medial surface (Fig. 129A); gonocoxite 2 narrowly subtriangular with tightly rounded apex, base only moderately extended laterally, 2 lateral ensiform setae with apical seta broader and longer than basal seta, apical nematiform setae on medioventral surface at 0.70 × gonocoxite length.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Female (CUIC), right elytron cracked at pin, labeled: HI: Maui Haleakala NW / slope Waikamoi Flume / Waikamoi to Haipuaena / Gulches 11-IV-1991 / el 1300 m J. Liebherr // 3 // HOLOTYPE / Mecyclothorax / rex / Liebherr / det. J.K. Liebherr 2015 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Paratypes.</p><p>HI: Maui: Koolau For. Res., Flume Rd., wet forest, yellow pan trap, 1280 m el., vi-viii-2006, Leblanc (UHIM, 1), Kula Pipeline Rd., wet forest, yellow pan trap, 1183-1280 m el., vi-viii-2006, Leblanc (CUIC, 5; UHIM, 6), Waikamoi Gulch, 1210 m el., vii-1956, Namba (BPBM, 1), Waikamoi Flume, beat scrape Metrosideros, 1310 m el., 26-v-1997 lot 06, Liebherr (CUIC, 1), Waikamoi-Maile Tr., ecotone forest, yellow pan trap, 1426-1573 m el., vi-viii-2006, Leblanc (UHIM, 1); Waikamoi N.C.P., Keanae Gap, Camp 6, 1524 m el., 09-i-1998 lot 01, Haines (CUIC, 1).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>At 7.4 mm, the largest individuals of this species are among the largest Mecyclothorax beetles in Hawai‘i, and so the species epithet rex -Latin for king-seems an appropriate epithet to apply.</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax rex is a species of wet forest in the Waikamoi area, with an easternmost limital record in Ke‘anae Valley (Fig. 130). Localities range 1210-1573 m elevation. Most specimens have been collected from ground level, either under boards or in yellow-pan traps within ‘Ōhi‘a Wet Forest. One specimen was found in scraped moss from the trunk of a larger ‘ōhi‘a tree.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3202E58187E7EB4178A9861B9E6AF7BC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
4181F60800CF35FB237458C5D109A788.text	4181F60800CF35FB237458C5D109A788.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax montivagus (Blackburn)	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(098) Mecyclothorax montivagus (Blackburn) Figs 126B, 128B, 129B, 131 A–D, 132</p><p>Cyclothorax montivagus Blackburn 1878a: 122; Blackburn and Sharp 1885: 214.</p><p>Mecyclothorax montivagus, Sharp 1903: 253; Britton 1948b: 133.</p><p>Olisthopus insularis Motschulsky, Karsch 1881: 1 (misidentification).</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>This is one of two Haleakalā species (Fig. 126 B–C) in this group that exhibit the full complement of supraorbital, pronotal, and dorsal and apical/subapical elytral setae; setal formula 2 2 2 2. However Mecyclothorax montivagus beetles are of moderate to large size for Hawaiian Mecyclothorax -standardized body length 4.9-6.9 mm-in contrast to those of Mecyclothorax micans; standardized body length 3.6-4.3 mm. If a qualitative character is desired to separate the species, one may use the presence of the parascutellar seta in individuals of this species, and the lack thereof in individuals of Mecyclothorax micans .</p><p>Identification</p><p>(n = 5). The frontal grooves are broad medially, with a slight hitch laterad near midlength, the groove terminated at a fine carina mesad the anterior supraorbital seta. The head capsule is transversely concave between the hind eye margins, resulting in a broad shallow neck that is visible in dorsal view. The pronotum is transverse, MPW/PL = 1.28-1.35, with the lateral margins sinuate for only a very short distance anterad the hardly projected hind angles, the angles themselves obtuse and appearing as little more than denticles at the terminus of the lateral marginal bead posterad the laterobasal depressions; MPW/BPW = 1.47-1.57. The median pronotal base is densely punctate with elongate wrinkles lining the juncture of the base and disc. The pronotal anterior transverse impression is smooth, shallow, with the anterior callosity upraised, flat to slightly convex, and smooth. The elytra are subquadrate with rounded lateral margins posterad the broadly rounded humeri; MEW/HuW = 1.97-2.05. Discal striae 1-4 are impressed, distinctly punctate, stria 5-6 are progressively shallower, with punctures more isolated along their length, and stria 7 is absent. The mesepisternum is less punctate than in Mecyclothorax rex, with ~9 minute punctures in 2 rows. The metathoracic flight wings are the least reduced-though still vestigial-of any Hawaiian Mecyclothorax; flight wing vestigium an apically narrowed strap, 3.3 × long as broad, remnant C, R, M, and Cu veins present, and the strap extended for 0.3 × its length beyond the hind margin of the metanotum. Microsculpture is reduced: 1, vertex and pronotal disc with obsolete transverse mesh; 2, pronotal median base with an obsolete transversely stretched isodiametric mesh; 3, elytral disc with obsolete elongate transverse mesh, apex glossy; 4, surfaces of metasternum and laterobasal abdominal ventrites mostly glossy, shallow transverse-mesh microsculpture over portions of cuticle.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 8). Aedeagal median lobe large but gracile, distance from parameral articulation to top 4.5 –4.9× depth at midlength (Fig. 131A, C–D); apex broadly extended for about 1.6 × depth beyond ostial opening, tip variously convex dorsally (Fig. 131A), expanded dorsoventrally (Fig. 131C), or nearly parallel and narrowed to rounded tip (Fig. 131D); median lobe straight along median shaft in ventral view, apex slightly curved rightward with right margin concave and left margin sinuous before bluntly rounded tip (Fig. 131B); internal sac broad, with dorsal ostial microtrichial patch near base on right side, and ovoid ventral ostial microtrichial patch on left side further out on sac (Fig. 131D); flagellar plate moderately large, length 0.48 × parameral articulation-tip distance.</p><p>Female reproductive tract (n = 3). Bursa copulatrix columnar with rounded apex, length 1.65 mm, breadth 0.80 mm, basal constriction at vagina 0.45 mm broad (Fig. 128B); bursal walls translucent with thick wrinkles; gonocoxite 1 with 4 apical fringe setae, a curved seta at apicomedial angle and ~7 setae on medial surface (Fig. 129B); gonocoxite 2 broadly subtriangular, apex broad, basally extended by a long panhandle with curved terminus, 2 broad lateral ensiform setae, apical nematiform setae on medioventral surface at 0.65 × gonocoxite length.</p><p>Lectotype.</p><p>Male (BPBM) hereby designated, dissected, and labeled: mounting platen with Blackburn Maui label (Zimmerman 1957: 210), 5 mont (on reverse) // Type // Sandwich Is. 80-6 // LECTOTYPE Cyclothorax montivagus Blackburn J.K. Liebherr 1998 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax montivagus is a species of Deschampsia grassland found along the upper Kula face and in Haleakalā Crater (Fig. 132). Present day elevations range 2134-2800 m elevation, though historical records from Finsch (Karsch 1881) and Perkins (lot 112; Anonymous N D) were from Olinda near 1210 m elevation. Specimens have also been found in leaf litter under Sophora chrysophylla ( māmane) at 2750 m elevation, and under rocks in drier, less vegetated situations from 1830-2440 m elevation.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4181F60800CF35FB237458C5D109A788	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
BA33DD3A3F475534071AA5121E093B38.text	BA33DD3A3F475534071AA5121E093B38.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax micans (Blackburn)	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(099) Mecyclothorax micans (Blackburn) Figs 126C, 128C, 129C, 130, 131 E–H</p><p>Cyclothorax micans Blackburn 1878a: 122; Blackburn and Sharp 1885: 214.</p><p>Mecyclothorax micans, Sharp 1903: 244; Britton 1948b: 131.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>This species (Fig. 126C) shares with Mecyclothorax montivagus (Fig. 126B): 1, a broad subquadrate elytra with broadly rounded humeri, MPW/HuW = 1.91-2.05; and 2, a transverse pronotum-MPW/PL = 1.36-1.32-with briefly sinuate lateral margins anterad the obtuse hind angles. The parascutellar seta is absent. The cuticular microsculpture is similarly to that of Mecyclothorax montivagus: 1, vertex and pronotal disc with obsolete transverse mesh; 2, pronotal median base glossy; 3, elytral disc with obsolete elongate transverse mesh, apex with isodiametric sculpticells in transverse rows; 4, metasternum glossy; and 5, laterobasal abdominal ventrites with swirling isodiametric and transverse sculpticells. Setal formula 2 2 2 2. Standardized body length 3.6-4.3 mm.</p><p>Identification</p><p>(n = 5). The eyes are convex and large, and are situated on ocular lobes protruded from the gena, ocular ratio = 1.52-1.58, ocular lobe ratio = 0.87-0.88. The dorsal surface of the head is convex. The pronotal median base is broadly smooth with minute punctures, and the pronotal lateral marginal depression is narrow with the edge beaded. The elytral discal striae 1-3 are impressed and distinctly punctate, stria 4 shallower with punctures more isolated, and stria 5 represented by a series of isolated punctures. Stria 6 may be represented by a few remnant punctures, or be absent as is stria 7. The mesepisternum bears ~6 shallow punctures in 2 rows. The metathoracic flight wings are a vestigial strap 2.5 × long as broad, with remnant R and M veins present, and the strap apex extended to the hind margin of the metanotum.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 7). Aedeagal median lobe gracile, distance from parameral articulation to tip 3.4 –4.4× depth at midlength (Fig. 131 E–H); apex obliquely narrowed along dorsal margin to acutely rounded tip; median lobe straight in ventral view, apex slightly curved rightward (Fig. 131G; compare to Fig. 131B); internal sac with dorsal ostial microtrichial patch near base on right side, and ventral ostial microtrichial patch at 1/3 sac length; flagellar plate large, length 0.55 × parameral articulation-tip distance.</p><p>Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix elongate, ellipsoid with a basal constriction distad vagina, length 1.14 mm, breadth 0.45 mm, basal constriction 0.23 mm broad (Fig. 128C); bursal walls translucent, thinly wrinkled; gonocoxite 1 with 4 very short apical fringe setae, a curved seta at apicomedial angle and 6-7 setae on medial surface (Fig. 129C); gonocoxite 2 broadly subtriangular, apex broadly rounded, 2 lateral ensiform setae, apical nematiform setae on medioventral surface at 0.75 × gonocoxite length.</p><p>Lectotype.</p><p>Male (BMNH) hereby designated, labeled: mounting platen with Blackburn Maui label (Zimmerman 1957: 210), Cyc micans (on reverse) // Type // Hawaiian Is. Rev. T. Blackburn 1888-30. // LECTOTYPE Cyclothorax micans Blackburn J.K. Liebherr 1998 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax micans can be found in the same situations as Mecyclothorax montivagus (Figs 130, 132), with beetles of this species looking like miniature versions of the latter when encountered in the field. Deschampsia (hairgrass) clumps and Sophora ( māmane) litter shelter individuals of this species. Unlike Mecyclothorax montivagus, which is not present at the summit of the Kula face (i.e. Pu‘u ‘Ula‘ula), the range of Mecyclothorax micans extends to the highest elevations, where the species keeps company with Mecyclothorax nubicola, Mecyclothorax pusillus, Mecyclothorax rusticus, and Mecyclothorax subconstrictus (Figs 79, 80).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BA33DD3A3F475534071AA5121E093B38	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
797EAABEBA92A13FE190E9D5859BAB5C.text	797EAABEBA92A13FE190E9D5859BAB5C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax aquilus	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(100) Mecyclothorax aquilus sp. n. Figs 133A, 134A, 135</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>This is the only Haleakalā species of the group that consistently exhibits a glabrous pronotum (Fig. 133A). Mecyclothorax aquilus is otherwise most similar in appearance to Mecyclothorax insolitus (Fig. 133B) and Mecyclothorax invisitatus (Fig. 133C) sharing the broadly flavous apical elytral margins. However beetles of this species are larger, standardized body length 5.1-5.6 mm, versus a range of 4.2-5.1 mm for the other two species. Setal formula 2 0 2 0.</p><p>Description</p><p>(n = 2). Head capsule with frontal grooves deep and broad near clypeus, a broad lateral convexity before eye that continues posterad enveloping anterior supraorbital seta; dorsal impression of neck slightly concave; ocular lobe moderately protruded from gena, eyes moderately convex, ocular ratio= 1.48-1.49, ocular lobe ratio = 0.80-0.81; labral anterior margin shallowly emarginate to 1/8 of labral length; antennae filiform, antennomeres 2-3 with sparse pelage of short setae; mentum tooth with sides acute, apex tightly rounded. Pronotum slightly transverse, MPW/PL = 1.11-1.16, the disc broadly convex; hind angles obtuse but sharp apically, lateral margins evenly divergent anterad, MPW/BPW = 1.52-1.56; median base slightly depressed relative to disc, ~20 minute, isolated punctures each side in glossy surface; basal margin distinctly convex between hind angles; median longitudinal impression very finely incised, broader in front of median base; anterior transverse impression very shallow, broad, incised only immediately inside front angle; anterior callosity flat medially, surface glossy; front angles slightly projected, tightly rounded; pronotal apical width variably subequal to basal width, APW/BPW = 0.97-1.06; lateral marginal depression obsolete, narrowly beaded laterally and basally, bead thicker only at hind angle, depression narrow only inside upraised margin of front angle; laterobasal depression deep, sloping from disc, margined by narrow U-shaped depression. Proepisternum with 5 minute punctures along hind marginal groove; prosternal process with broad median depression, lateral margins broadly upraised between coxae. Elytra subovoid, domed, the sides distinctly sloped to a vertical juncture with lateral marginal depression; basal groove evenly and briefly curved to angulate humerus at juncture with broader lateral marginal depression, MEW/HuW = 2.21-2.38; parascutellar striole with 3-5 isolated punctures, the striole shallow between punctures; sutural interval coplanar with lateral intervals basally, upraised in apical half; sutural and striae 2-4 of equal development on disc, but sutural stria the only one complete to base and apex, the basal part shallow and punctate, the apical portion finely incised, smooth and deep; stria 5 traceable only as a series of shallow punctures in basal half, striae 6-7 absent; elytral apex evenly and broadly convex, the lateral surface overlying the deep 8th stria; 2 dorsal elytral setae at 0.33 –0.36× and 0.54 –0.60× elytral length, setal impressions small, spanning ¼ of interval 3; lateral elytral setae arranged in an anterior series of 7 setae and a posterior series of 6 setae; elytral marginal depression narrow throughout, edge upturned at humerus, beaded laterally to subapical sinuation; subapical sinuation shallow, symmetrical. Mesepisternum with ~11 punctures in 2-3 rows; metepisternal width to length ratio = 0.71; metepisternum/metepimeron suture distinct. Abdomen with smooth glossy ventrites, round lateral depressions on ventrites 3-6; suture between ventrites 2 and 3 effaced; apical male ventrite with 2 marginal setae and apical female ventrite with 4 equally spaced marginal setae plus trapezoid of 4 subequal, short setae. Legs-metatarsomere 1/metatibial length ratio = 0.20; metatarsomere 4 length along outer lobe 1.5 × medial tarsomere length, apical and subapical setae present; metatarsal dorsolateral sulci narrow, lateral, upper surface granulate without carina. Microsculpture of vertex an obsolete transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 × length; pronotal disc and base glossy; elytral disc glossy, indistinct transverse lines visible through the reflective sheen; elytral apex glossy, surface irregular but no sculpticells visible; metasternum glossy; laterobasal abdominal ventrites glossy, indistinct sculpticells in lateral depressions. Coloration of vertex rufous with a piceous cast; antennomeres 1-4 rufoflavous, 5-11 slightly darker; pronotal disc rufous with piceous cast, lateral margins narrowly rufous, and base and apex broadly rufous; proepipleuron rufoflavous, proepisternum rufopiceous; elytral disc rufopiceous, sutural interval broadly rufous basally, rufoflavous to flavous apically; elytral margins with intervals 7-8 pale rufous basally, margin more broadly flavous in apical 1/3 where apex of interval 2 is also broadly flavous; elytral epipleuron flavous dorsally, darker ventrally, metepisternum rufopiceous; abdomen with ventrite 1-5 medially rufopiceous, ventrites 3-6 flavous marginally, the apical half of ventrite 6 flavous; metafemur flavous; metatibia flavous with brunneous cast.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 1). Aedeagal median lobe gracile, distance from parameral articulation to tip 4.5 × depth at midlength (Fig. 134A); apex sinuously extended to a dorsoventrally expanded knoblike tip; median lobe curved to right beyond ostial opening in ventral view; internal sac with small dorsal ostial microtrichial patch based on uneverted specimen; flagellar plate short, length 0.32 × parameral articulation-tip distance.</p><p>Female reproductive tract. The female allotype was not dissected.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Male (CUIC) dissected and labeled: HI: Maui Haleakala N.P. / Kipahulu Vy. Central / Pali tr. 910 m el. / 30-IV-1991 beating / vegetation at night // J.K. Liebherr / A.C. Medeiros, / Jr. collectors // Mecyclothorax / aquilus / ♂1 / det. J.K. Liebherr 2014 // HOLOTYPE / Mecyclothorax / aquilus / Liebherr / det. J.K. Liebherr 2015 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Allotype.</p><p>Female (CUIC) with same data as holotype.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The Latin adjective aquilus -dark-colored, blackish, dun, swarthy (Brown 1956)-is used to signify the dark body coloration representative of this species.</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax aquilus is known only from two specimens collected at 915 m elevation in Kīpahulu Valley (Fig. 135). These were collected by sifting moss and leaf litter, and by beating vegetation at night. The 915 m elevation collecting site has large stature koa trees and a high diversity of understory vegetation.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/797EAABEBA92A13FE190E9D5859BAB5C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
8FE2FBA987E64C9453987AB5A4F0D933.text	8FE2FBA987E64C9453987AB5A4F0D933.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax insolitus (Sharp)	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(101) Mecyclothorax insolitus (Sharp) Figs 133B, 134 B–K, 135, 136A, 137A</p><p>Thriscothorax insolitus Sharp 1903: 261.</p><p>Mecyclothorax insolitus, Britton 1948b: 141.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>This species (Fig. 133B) and Mecyclothorax invisitatus (Fig. 133C) comprise a cryptic sibling species pair that can be best diagnosed externally by the breadth of elytra relative to the pronotum. In this species the elytra are broader, subovoid, with MEW/MPW = 1.63-1.69, whereas in Mecyclothorax invisitatus recorded values are 1.52-1.62. The pronotal disc bears obsolete transverse-mesh and transverse-line microsculpture in this species, whereas the disc surface is glossy in Mecyclothorax invisitatus . As there are no other reliable external characters that can separate these species, their recognition lies heavily on the differing configurations of the male aedeagal median lobe. Males of this species exhibit a median lobe with the apex expanded both dorsally and ventrally, and more flattened apically (Fig. 134 F–K). The apex may be displaced dorsoventrally relative to the more basal portion of the shaft giving it a "prehensile proboscis" appearance. Conversely, the median lobe of Mecyclothorax invisitatus males is expanded only dorsally into a "crochet hook" apex, with the apical margin evenly rounded; a conformation also observed in males of Mecyclothorax reiteratus (Fig. 107). In the specimens available, the elytral apex is less broadly flavous in Mecyclothorax insolitus (Fig. 133B) compared to Mecyclothorax invisitatus (Fig. 133C), but the diagnostic value of this feature should be confirmed through examination of the male median lobe apex. Setal formula 2 1 2 0. Standardized body length 4.2-5.1 mm.</p><p>Identification</p><p>(n = 5). [Only non-diagnostic values for the various recorded ratios are presented for this species, as the qualitative attributes not in the above diagnosis are presented under Mecyclothorax invisitatus .] Eyes moderately convex, ocular lobe protruded obtusely from gena; ocular ratio = 1.52-1.56, ocular lobe ratio = 0.82-0.84. Pronotum moderately transverse, MPW/PL = 1.17-1.24, pronotal apical width variably subequal to basal width, APW/BPW = 0.92-1.07. Elytra broadly subovoid, MEW/HuW = 2.33-2.51.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 13). Aedeagal median lobe gracile, distance from parameral articulation to tip 4.0 –4.3× depth at midlength (Fig. 134B, D, F–G, I, K); median lobe apex variable, a very short knoblike tip (Fig. 134B, D), a more hooklike tip that includes a dorsal tooth (Fig. 134G, I, K), or a dorsoventrally expanded tip intermediate to those two configurations (Fig. 134F) (in all conformations the ventral margin is expanded at the tip); median lobe curved approximately 60° rightward apically in ventral view (Fig. 134C, E, J), the terminal knob or hook defining different profiles of the tip; internal sac with dorsal ostial microtrichial patch composed of stout macrospicules on right side (Fig. 134F, H), and ventral ostial microtrichial patch on left-ventral side (Fig. 134H), the sac otherwise covered with indistinct spicules; flagellar plate elongate, length 0.50 × parameral articulation-tip distance. That the variation in tip configuration is infraspecific is attested to, in part, by sympatry of males exhibiting the knob configuration (Fig. 134D) and the dorsoventrally expanded tip (Fig. 134F) at Kula Pipeline Rd. near Waikamoi Gulch. The hooked aedeagal tip is observed in the eastern portion of the range, from Ko‘olau Gap/ Ke‘anae Valley to Kuhiwa Valley, however it varies from exhibiting a straight ventral margin (Fig. 134G, I), to an angled margin (Fig. 134K). Similarly, the knob configuration varies within the Waikamoi sites (Fig. 134B, D, H). This instability in the aedeagal median lobe apex configuration within sites is coupled with lack of any diagnosable differences in external characters, aedeagal curvature (Fig. 134C, E, J), or spiculation of the internal sac (Fig. 134F, H) for specimens assigned to this species. This combination of observations supports circumscription of Mecyclothorax insolitus as a species that exhibits variability in the configuration of the aedeagal median lobe apex.</p><p>Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix cylindrical, with skirted basal constriction, smooth middle portion, and thinly wrinkled apex, length 1.08 mm, apical width 0.51 mm, skirted basal constriction 0.26 mm broad (Fig. 136A); bursal walls translucent, base and middle portion stained more intensely, thicker; gonocoxite 1 with 3 apical fringe setae, a curved seta at medioapical angle and 5-6 smaller setae on medial surface (Fig. 137A); gonocoxite 2 subacuminate with elongate, curved basal extension, 2 lateral ensiform setae, apical nematiform setae on medioventral surface at 0.70 × gonocoxite length.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Female (BMNH) labeled: Thriscothorax insolitus Type D.S. Haleakala Perkins 845 // Type // Hawaiian Is. Perkins 1904-336. // HOLOTYPE Thriscothorax insolitus Sharp J.K. Liebherr 1998 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax insolitus is distributed across windward Haleakalā from the Waikamoi area east to Kuhiwa Valley (Fig. 135). The species is known from low to moderate elevations; 880-1470 m. It has been collected in association with koa, ‘ōhi‘a, and Cibotium ( hāpu‘u), though it has been also collected in leaf litter siftate, from a steep streambank, and under boards in ‘Ōhi‘a Wet Forest along Waikamoi Flume, 1310 m elevation.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8FE2FBA987E64C9453987AB5A4F0D933	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
218B4F6635EB611FBB9CB5854B7F6B37.text	218B4F6635EB611FBB9CB5854B7F6B37.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax invisitatus	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(102) Mecyclothorax invisitatus sp. n. Figs 133C, 136B, 137B, 138 A–C, 139</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Among the Haleakalā members of the Mecyclothorax ducalis group, this species is diagnosable by: 1, pronotum with lateral seta present; 2, elytra with apical margins flavous, contrasted to the rufopiceous disc; 3, pronotal disc glossy, microsculpture absent; 4, elytra narrowly subovoid, MEW/MPW = 1.52-1.62. Externally the cryptic sibling species, Mecyclothorax insolitus, differs in the last two criteria, with male aedeagal median lobe configuration offering an additional diagnostic difference between the species. Males of this species have the median lobe apex expanded into a dorsal hook, with the apex rounded ventrally (Fig. 138 A–C), whereas Mecyclothorax insolitus males have the median lobe apex expanded both dorsally and ventrally, with the apical margin straighter (Fig. 134 F–K). Setal formula 2 1 2 0. Standardized body length 4.3-5.1 mm.</p><p>Description</p><p>(n = 4). Head capsule with frontal grooves broad and deep near clypeus, a broad lateral convexity anterad eye, and low carina mesad anterior supraorbital seta; dorsal impression of neck broad, shallow, the concavity visible in dorsal view; ocular lobe protruded obtusely from gena, eyes moderately convex, ocular ratio = 1.50-1.55, ocular lobe ratio 0.80-0.84; labral anterior margin moderately, angularly emarginate 1/6 of labral length; antennae filiform, antennomeres 2-3 with sparse pelage of short setae; mentum tooth with sides acute, apex rounded. Pronotum moderately transverse, MPW/PL = 1.15-1.24, constricted basally with lateral margins briefly sinuate anterad right to obtuse hind angles, MPW/BPW = 1.53-1.62; median base slightly depressed medially relative to disc, more so laterally, ~20 punctures each side isolated in glossy surface; basal margin distinctly convex between hind angles; median longitudinal impression finely incised, crossed by indistinct transverse wrinkles; anterior transverse impression shallow, broad, smooth, incised only mesad front angle; anterior callosity slightly convex, smooth; front angles slightly projected, tightly rounded; pronotal apical width subequal to slightly broader than basal width, APW/BPW = 1.0-1.05; lateral marginal depression obsolete, narrowly beaded except slightly broader at front angle and evenly elevated from laterobasal depression to apex of projected hind angle; laterobasal depression deep, narrow, continuous with lateral depression. Proepisternum with 5 minute punctures along hind marginal groove; prosternal process slightly convex medially but with broad upraised margin. Elytra convex, sides distinctly sloped to vertical juncture with lateral marginal depression; basal groove briefly curved to proximate, subangulate humerus at juncture with broader lateral marginal depression, MEW/HuW = 2.22-2.50; parascutellar striole with 5 punctures, striole shallow between punctures; sutural interval slightly more convex than lateral intervals basally, more upraised apically; discal striae 1-6 distinctly punctate, progressively shallower laterally, stria 7 a series of shallow punctures at midlength; sutural stria deep and smooth on elytral apex, striae 2-3 broad and very shallow there, lateral striae not visible; discal elytral intervals 2-4 moderately convex, outer intervals follow curvature of elytron; 2 dorsal elytral setae at 0.25 × and 0.51 –0.53× elytral length, setal impressions shallow, crossing ¼ of interval 3; lateral elytral setae arranged in anterior series of 7 setae and posterior series of 6 setae; elytral marginal depression narrow throughout length, edge upturned at humerus, beaded laterally to subapical sinuation; subapical sinuation shallow, symmetrical. Mesepisternum with ~14 punctures in 2-3 rows; metepisternal width to length ratio = 0.79; metepisternum/metepimeron suture distinct. Abdomen with irregular longitudinal wrinkles on ventrites 1-6, round lateral impressions on ventrites 3-6; suture between ventrites 2 and 3 effaced; male apical ventrite with 2 marginal setae and female apical ventrite with 4 equally spaced setae and median trapezoid of 4 subequal, short setae. Legs-metatarsomere 1/metatibial length ratio = 0.20; metatarsomere 4 length along outer lobe 1.3 × medial tarsomere length, apical and subapical setae present; metatarsal dorsolateral sulci broad, shallow, median area subcarinate. Microsculpture of vertex an obsolete transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 × length; pronotal median base glossy medially, indistinct transverse sculpticells present laterally; elytral disc and apex glossy, microsculpture obsolete; metasternum with a transverse mesh; laterobasal abdominal ventrites with swirling isodiametric and transverse microsculpture. Coloration of vertex rufous; antennomeres 1-2 rufoflavous, 3-11 darker, rufobrunneous; pronotal disc rufous, lateral margins, base, and apex narrowly rufoflavous; proepipleuron flavous, proepisternum rufous with piceous cast; elytral disc rufopiceous, sutural interval rufobrunneous basally, rufoflavous apically, elytral margins with intervals 7-9 or 8-9 contrastedly paler, rufoflavous to flavous, apex (up to apical 0.2 × length) flavous; elytral epipleuron flavous dorsally, piceous ventrally, metepisternum rufopiceous; abdomen with all ventrites piceous mediobasally, flavous laterally, apical ventrite with apical ¾ flavous; metafemur flavous; metatibia rufoflavous with brunneous cast.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 2). Aedeagal median lobe gracile, distance from parameral articulation to tip 3.8 × depth at midlength (Fig. 138A, C); apex hooklike with blunt dorsal projection and evenly convex tip, the ventral margin not expanded ventrally as in Mecyclothorax insolitus (Fig. 134D, F, G, K); median lobe apically curved rightward at approximately 60° angle in ventral view (Fig. 138C, E, J), tip narrowly rounded in this view; internal sac with heavily spiculated dorsal ostial microtrichial patch at base of sac, and ventral ostial microtrichial patch at midlength (Fig. 138C, F, H); flagellar plate large, length 0.51 × parameral articulation-tip distance.</p><p>Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix columnar, narrow with rounded apex, length 1.14 mm, apical width 0.40 mm, minimal width 0.30 mm (Fig. 136B); bursal walls more translucent basally, more thickly wrinkled apically; gonocoxite 1 with 3 short apical fringe setae, a curved seta at medioapical angle and 4-5 setae on medial surface (Fig. 137B); gonocoxite 2 short and broad basally, triangular with lateral margin evenly expanded to base, 2 small lateral ensiform setae, apical nematiform setae on medioventral surface at 0.80 × gonocoxite length (short, broad apex may be due to wear).</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Male (NMNH) labeled: HI: Maui Haleakala / Waikamoi N.C.P. Maile / Rd. 2-V-1998 lot05 / 1435 m el. pyrethrum fog / mossy log D.A. Polhemus // 1 // HOLOTYPE / Mecyclothorax / invisitatus / Liebherr / det. J.K. Liebherr 2015 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Paratypes.</p><p>HI: Maui: Koolau For. Res., Koolau Flume Rd., wet forest, yellow pan trap, 1280 m el., vi-viii-2006, Leblanc (CUIC, 2; UHIM, 2), Kula Pipeline Rd., pyrethrin fog log, 1305 m el., 18-v-2003 lot 09, Polhemus (NMNH, 1), Makawao Flume Rd., ecotone forest, yellow pan trap, 1293 m el., vi-viii-2006, Leblanc (UHIM, 2); Waikamoi N.C.P., Maile Rd., pyrethrin fog mossy log, 1435 m el., 02-v-1998 lot 05, Polhemus (NMNH, 1), Maile Rd., under logs on ground, 1494 m el., 16-v-2003 lot 06, Liebherr (CUIC, 1).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>This close relative of Mecyclothorax insolitus is given the name Mecyclothorax invisitatus to signify the two species’ affinity. The adjective insolitus is translated as unusual, uncommon, or strange (Brown 1956), whereas invisitatus can be translated as strange, new, uncommon (Brown 1956). Thus the new species name proposed here owes its origin to David Sharp’s (1903) use of insolitus for the former species.</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax invisitatus is restricted to forests in the Waikamoi area from 1280-1500 m elevation (Fig. 139). All collections to date have been in association with ground-level microhabitats; under or in downed logs, or in yellow-pan traps.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/218B4F6635EB611FBB9CB5854B7F6B37	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
CE4B7A76CC9D95C766F140662AA21072.text	CE4B7A76CC9D95C766F140662AA21072.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax ducalis (Sharp)	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(103) Mecyclothorax ducalis (Sharp) Figs 133D, 136C, 137C, 138D, 139</p><p>Thriscothorax ducalis Sharp 1903:266; Swezey 1954: 7 ( koa associate).</p><p>Mecyclothorax ducalis, Britton 1948b: 140.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>This large bodied species, standardized body length 6.0-6.7 mm, also stands out from other species in the group by the dark glossy, rufopiceous body color and contrasting flavous femora and infuscated tibiae. The pronotum is less constricted basally than in the other Haleakalā species of the group, MPW/BPW = 1.43-1.46, and the elytra are broadly subquadrate, with laterally extended basal margins outside the tightly rounded humeri (Fig. 133D); MEW/HuW = 2.06-2.15. Given these beetles’ large body size, the elytral striae are not deeply impressed, with only the sutural and 2nd striae impressed on the disc, and lateral striae 3-5 indicated by increasingly isolated punctures. Setal formula 2 1(0) 2 0; the lectotype lacks pronotal lateral setae, a second specimen lacks the left seta, with the right present, and the other two examined specimens have both right and left lateral setae present.</p><p>Identification</p><p>(n = 4). The head is transversely impressed dorsally between the hind eye margins, the constriction visible in dorsal view, and the eyes moderately convex; ocular ratio = 1.54-1.56, ocular lobe ratio = 0.77-0.83. The pronotal lateral margins are subparallel for ~0.13 × pronotal length anterad the obtuse, projected hind angles; median base only sparsely punctate with ~12 small punctures each side. The much reduced microsculpture is distributed as: 1, vertex with obsolete transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 × length; 2, pronotal disc mostly glossy, with obsolete transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 –3× length in places; 3, median base glossy medially, indistinct transverse sculpticells laterally; 4, elytral disc glossy; 5, elytral apex glossy, with patches of indistinct transverse sculpticells. The femoral apex is slightly infuscated, and the basal ¾ of the anterior femoral face is covered with a distinct piceous cloud, leaving a transverse femoral stripe across the apical half.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 1). Aedeagal median lobe large, gracile, distance from parameral articulation to tip 3.7 × depth at midlength (Fig. 138D); apex narrowly expanded, with dorsal projection basad expanded ventral margin producing an oblique apex with rounded ventral tip; the internal sac exhibits both a dorsal and a ventral ostial microtrichial patch (uneverted specimen); flagellar plate elongate, length estimated as 0.5 × parameral articulation-tip distance (uneverted specimen).</p><p>Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix vase shaped, broader apically, length 1.09 mm, apical breadth 0.50 mm, basal breadth 0.34 mm (Fig. 136C); bursal walls thickly wrinkled; gonocoxite 1 with 4-5 apical fringe setae, a moderate seta at apicomedial angle and 3-4 setae on medial surface (Fig. 137C); gonocoxite 2 subtriangular, apex tightly rounded, lateral margin straight near ensiform setae, base moderately extended laterally, 2 lateral ensiform setae, apical nematiform setae on medial surface at 0.75 × gonocoxite length.</p><p>Lectotype.</p><p>Male (BPBM) hereby designated, labeled: Thriscothorax ducalis Type D.S. Haleakala Perkins 620 (♂ in pencil) // Type // Hawaiian Is. Perkins 1904-336 // LECTOTYPE Thriscothorax ducalis Sharp J.K. Liebherr (black-margined red label).</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax ducalis has a distribution restricted to the Waikamoi area in habitats ranging 1210-1525 m elevation (Fig. 139). It was collected during six different collecting dates, starting v-1896 with R.C.L. Perkins, and finishing 14-i-1926 with R.H. Van Zwaluwenberg. None of the collecting events have associated ecological data.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CE4B7A76CC9D95C766F140662AA21072	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
12E3170F416CA172CF528AF7E8EBBE95.text	12E3170F416CA172CF528AF7E8EBBE95.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax longidux	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(104) Mecyclothorax longidux sp. n. Figs 136D, 137D, 140 A–B, 141 A–E, 142</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>This species (Fig. 140 A–B) and the following, Mecyclothorax brevidux (Fig. 140 C–D) are together diagnosed among Haleakalā species of the Mecyclothorax ducalis group by: 1, the bisetose pronotum; 2, dark rufous to rufopiceous elytra with concolorous apex; 3, basally constricted pronotum, MPW/BPW = 1.40-1.55 in this species; and 4, moderate body size, standardized body length 5.5-5.7 mm for this species. The elytral striae in individuals of this species are much more distinctly punctate, with the punctures distributed across the discal striae 1-5 where they expand strial breadth. The metafemur has the basal half of the anterior face covered with a piceous cloud, contrasted to the flavous medial coloration of the femur. In contrast, the metafemur in Mecyclothorax brevidux has only the basal 1/5 to 1/3 with piceous infuscation. In both species the femoral apex is darkened to match the rufobrunneous to rufopiceous tibial coloration. The male aedeagal median lobe confirms the value of these characters for diagnosis, with the lobe apex of Mecyclothorax longidux males narrow and elongate, with a slightly downturned tip (Fig. 141 A–B, D), versus a shorter broader lobe apex in males of Mecyclothorax brevidux (Fig. 141 F–I). The spiculation of the internal sac is also more developed in males of this species, with a bipartite dorsal ostial microtrichial patch present as well as a large, heavily spiculated ventral ostial microtrichical patch (Fig. 141 D–E). Setal formula 2 1 2 0.</p><p>Description</p><p>(n = 5). Head capsule with frontal grooves deep, broad near clypeus, low broad lateral convexity anterad eye, terminated posteriorly mesad low ridge inside anterior supraorbital seta; dorsal impression of neck broad, shallow, visible in dorsal view; eyes large, moderately convex, ocular ratio = 1.53-1.63, ocular lobe ratio = 0.81-0.84; labral anterior margin angularly emarginate to 0.2 × labral length; antennae filiform, antennomeres 2-3 with sparse pelage of short setae; mentum tooth with sides acute, apex tightly rounded. Pronotum little transverse, MPW/PL = 1.08-1.20; lateral margins subparallel to slightly convergent for 0.1 × pronotal length anterad slightly obtuse, projected hind angles; median base moderately depressed relative to disc, ~25 minute, isolated punctures each side; basal margin distinctly convex between hind angles; median longitudinal impression finely incised, crossed by indistinct longitudinal wrinkles; anterior transverse impression shallow, broad, finely incised immediately mesad front angles; anterior callosity flat medially, smooth; front angles very slightly produced, tightly rounded; apical width subequal to basal width, APW/BPW = 0.99-1.02; lateral marginal depression obsolete, narrowly beaded laterally, broadly beaded basally, narrowly expanded inside front an gle; laterobasal depression with irregularly punctured surface, margined by narrow U-shaped depression. Proepisternum with 5 minute punctures along hind marginal groove; prosternal process with broad median depression, lateral margins broadly upraised. Elytra subovoid, disc convex, slides sloped to nearly vertical juncture with lateral marginal depression; basal groove slightly curved to subangulate humerus at juncture with broader lateral marginal depression, MEW/HuW = 2.23-2.43; parascutellar striole with 4-5 elongate punctures, striole continuous between punctures; sutural interval more convex than lateral intervals 2-4, sutural juncture upraised; sutural and 2nd striae of subequal depth and similar punctation on disc, 2nd stria reduced in depth and punctation both basally and in apical 1/3 of length; discal striae 2-7 progressively shallower, impressed portions shorter, striae 6-7 reduced to a series of punctures, or stria 7 absent; striae 3-7 absent from elytral apex, surface evenly convex between striae 2 and 8; 2 dorsal elytral setae at 0.26 × and 0.50 –0.53× elytral length, setal impressions moderate, shallow, spanning ½ width of interval 3; lateral elytral setae arranged in anterior series of 7 setae and posterior series of 6 setae; elytral marginal depression; broad, explanate laterad humerus, narrowed and beaded laterally to subapical sinuation; subapical sinuation very shallow, nearly obsolete. Mesepisternum with ~11 punctures in 2-3 rows; metepisternal width to length ratio = 0.74; metepisternum/metepimeron suture distinct. Abdomen with irregular lateral wrinkles on ventrites 1-6, round lateral depressions on ventrites 3-6; suture between ventrites 2 and 3 effaced; apical male ventrite with 2 marginal setae and apical female ventrite with 4 equally spaced setae plus median trapezoid of 4 subequal, short setae. Legs-metatarsomere 1/metatibial length ratio = 0.19; metatarsomere 4 length along outer lobe 1.3 × medial tarsomere length, apical and subapical setae present; metatarsal dorsolateral sulci narrow, lateral, upper surface granulate, broadly convex. Microsculpture of vertex an obsolete transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 × length, sculpticells most visible in depressed areas of cuticle; pronotal disc an obsolete transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 –3× length traceable over depressed portions of disc but surface mostly glossy; elytral disc and apex glossy, microsculpture obsolete; metasternum with shallow transverse mesh; laterobasal abdominal ventrites with swirling isodiametric and transverse microsculpture. Coloration of vertex rufous with a piceous cast; antennomere 1 rufoflavous, antennomeres 2-11 rufobrunneous; pronotal disc dark rufous with piceous cast, lateral margins, base and apex rufopiceous; proepipleuron rufobrunneous, proepisternum rufous; elytral disc dark rufous, sutural interval rufous basally, rufoflavous apically; elytral lateral marginal depression piceous basally, rufoflavous toward apex; elytral apex rufoflavous apicad subapical sinuation; elytral epipleuron rufoflavous, metepisternum rufobrunneous; abdominal ventrites 1-6 medially rufous with piceous cast, laterally rufoflavous, apical ¼ of ventrite 6 paler, rufoflavous.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 4). Aedeagal median lobe gracile, distance from parameral articulation to tip 3.5 –3.8× depth at midlength (Fig. 141 A–B); apex narrowly extended 3 × its depth beyond ostial opening, tip slightly downturned with apical face variably flattened (Fig. 141 A–B, D); median lobe straight at midlength along shaft, apex offset toward right so that convex left margin is apical in ventral view (Fig. 141C); internal sac broadly expanded ventrally, a bipartite dorsal ostial microtrichial patch and ovoid ventral ostial microtrichial patch, each composed of heavily sclerotized macrospicules (Fig. 141 D–E); flagellar plate of moderate size, length 0.35 × parameral articulation-tip distance.</p><p>Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix sac-shaped, slightly constricted basally, length 1.14 mm, maximum breadth 0.64 mm, basal constriction 0.43 mm broad (Fig. 136D); bursal walls thick, broadly wrinkled; gonocoxite 1 with 3-5 apical fringe setae, a curved seta at medioapical angle and 5-7 setae on medial surface (Fig. 137D); gonocoxite 2 falcate with long basal panhandle, apex subacuminate, 2 narrow, moderately elongate lateral ensiform setae, apical nematiform setae on medioventral surface at 0.64 × gonocoxite length.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Male (CUIC) dissected and labeled: HI: Maui Hanawi N.A.R. / Pig fence helipad sift / humus ex ohia 21-V- / 1993 lot 04 el. 1575 m // J.K. Liebherr &amp; / A.C. Medeiros / Collectors // HOLOTYPE / Mecyclothorax / longidux / Liebherr / det. J.K. Liebherr 2015 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Paratypes.</p><p>HI: Maui: Hanawi N.A.R., Kopiliula Str., pyrethrin fog Acacia koa trunk, 1127 m el., 03-v-1998 lot 02, Liebherr (CUIC, 2), Kopiliula Str., uluhe fern under tent, 1125 m el., 03-v-1998 lot 01, Liebherr (CUIC, 1), Kuhiwa Vy., Poouli Cabin, beat vegetation, 1590 m el., 05-v-1998 lot 04, Ewing (CUIC, 2), southeast Keanae, Piinaau Road, 27-vi-1920, Bryan (BPBM, 1); Koolau For. Res. [= Hanawi N.A.R.], Tetraplasandra dipyrena, 1740 m el., 09-viii-1973, Gagné (BPBM, 1), Koolau Gap, Halehaku [= Ke‘anae Valley], beat ferns at night, 1325 m el., 13-v-1998 lot 09, Liebherr (CUIC, 2), beat Rubus (akala) beat at night, 1325 m el., 13-v-1998 lot 08, Liebherr (CUIC, 1), pyrethrin fog Cibotium /log, 1325 m el., 13-v-1998 lot 03, Liebherr (CUIC, 1), Kula Pipeline Rd., 975-1210 m el., 13-vi-1927, Swezey (BPBM, 1); Makawao For. Res., Maile Rd., scrape bark Metrosideros, 1310 m el., 26-v-1997 lot 08, Liebherr (CUIC, 1).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>This and the following Mecyclothorax brevidux represent cryptic sibling species best diagnosed by the length of the male aedeagal median lobe (Fig. 141). As both are members of the Mecyclothorax ducalis species group, the Latin stem dux-a leader-is used for both species. In this species dux is combined with the Latin longus to form the noun longidux .</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax longidux is distributed across the windward face of Haleakalā from upper Kuhiwa Valley on the east to the Waikamoi forest on the west (Fig. 142), within an elevational range of 975-1740 m. To date all collecting series are small; either one or two specimens. The beetles have been collected in association with koa, ‘ōhi‘a, Cibotium ( hāpu‘u), Polyscias kavaiensis ( ‘ohe‘ohe), and Rubus ( ‘ākala). Two specimens were found by beating ferns at night, and one was found in the uluhe fern ( Dicranopteris linearis) platform mound built under my tent near Kopili‘ula Stream in the very wet Hanawī Natural Area Reserve (a technique of Perkins; see Evenhuis 2007: 34).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/12E3170F416CA172CF528AF7E8EBBE95	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
5F8632C4D63A63806B66339A2A25D229.text	5F8632C4D63A63806B66339A2A25D229.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax brevidux	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(105) Mecyclothorax brevidux sp. n. Figs 136E, 137E, 140 C–D, 141 F–I, 142</p><p>Diagnosis .</p><p>This species is extremely similar to Mecyclothorax longidux (Fig. 140 A–B), but can be diagnosed from that species by the less punctate discal striae, with small punctures present in impressed striae 1-2 to 1-3, and striae 4-5 reduced to linear series of small punctures (Fig. 140 C–D). The discal elytral intervals are less convex than in Mecyclothorax longidux, though the sutural interval is as upraised as in that species. The metafemur is darkened in its basal 1/5 to 1/3 of length, with the middle of the femur flavous, and apex narrowly piceous to match the darkened metatibia. The male aedeagal median lobe apex is shorter and broader (Fig. 141 F–I) than in males of Mecyclothorax longidux (Fig. 141 A–B, D). Setal formula 2 1 2 0. Standardized body length 5.2-5.9 mm.</p><p>Description</p><p>(n = 5). [The above description of Mecyclothorax longidux can serve to describe this species with the following substitutions.] Eyes with ocular ratio = 1.50-1.58, ocular lobe ratio = 0.81-0.84. Pronotum with lateral margins subparallel to slightly divergent for 0.1 × pronotal length anterad slightly obtuse, projected hind angles; MPW/PL = 1.15-1.21, MPW/BPW = 1.51-1.63, APW/BPW = 1.0-1.07. Elytra subovoid, MEW/HuW = 2.20-2.49. Microsculpture of elytral disc and apex minimally developed, with indistinct isodiametric and transverse sculpticells visible through the glossy reflection.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 4). Aedeagal median lobe gracile, distance from parameral articulation to tip 3.3 –3.6× depth at midlength (Figs 141 F–H); apex broad, extended twice maximum depth beyond ostial opening, apical face flattened, tip ventrally expanded so that ventral margin of lobe curves downward; internal sac short, broad, with lightly melanized dorsal ostial microtrichial patch and ventral ostial microtrichial patch (Fig. 141I); flagellar plate of moderate size, length 0.39 × parameral articulation-tip distance (larger ratio of plate size relative to Mecyclothorax longidux due to shorter median lobe in Mecyclothorax brevidux; compare Fig. 141D, I)</p><p>Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix short, sac-shaped, length 1.0 mm, maximum width 0.51 mm, basal constriction 0.40 mm broad (Fig. 136E); bursal walls thick, broadly wrinkled; gonocoxite 1 with 4 apical fringe setae, a curved seta at medioapical angle and 5 setae on medial surface (Fig. 137E); gonocoxite 2 subacuminate, apex tightly rounded, basal extension curved at lateral terminus, 2 moderately elongate lateral ensiform setae, apical nematiform setae on medioventral surface at 0.74 × gonocoxite length.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Female (BPBM) labeled: Kipahulu Valley / Maui, Camp 1 / 945 m, 6-12.VIII.67 // N. Wilson / Collector / BISHOP // 4 // HOLOTYPE / Mecyclothorax / brevidux / Liebherr / det. J.K. Liebherr 2015 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Paratypes.</p><p>HI: Maui: Haleakala N.P., Kekuewa Hill, 0.7 km N Puu Ahulili, sift humus/moss, 1600 m el., 16-v-1993 lot 02, Liebherr/Medeiros (CUIC, 4), lot 04 Liebherr/Medeiros (CUIC, 1), vegetation at night, 1600 m el., 16-v-1993 lot 08, Liebherr/Medeiros (CUIC, 1), Kipahulu Vy., sift litter, 1500 m el., 09-v-1991 lot 03, Jessel/Medeiros (CUIC, 1), 1800 m el., 08-v-1991 lot 04, Jessel/Medeiros (CUIC, 1), Mauka Ridge, pyrethrin fog Metrosideros /moss, 2045 m el., 21-v-1998 lot 01, Polhemus (NMNH, 2), Kipahulu west rim ESE Kuiki, sift Metrosideros humus, 1850 m el., 15-v-1993 lot 03, Liebherr/Medeiros (CUIC, 1).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>This cryptic sister sibling species of Mecyclothorax longidux is given the epithet brevidux -short leader-in reference to the foreshortened aedeagal median lobe apex (Figs 141 F–I).</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax brevidux is distributed in Kīpahulu Valley and on the Manawainui Planeze from 945-2045 m elevation (Fig. 142); a distribution allopatrically complementing that of Mecyclothorax longidux so that both species occupy most of Haleakalā’s windward forest. Most specimens of these beetles have been collected in moss, humus, or leaf litter in association with ‘ōhi‘a .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5F8632C4D63A63806B66339A2A25D229	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
E421D27F035B49E65D29C9DACA8F5490.text	E421D27F035B49E65D29C9DACA8F5490.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax hephaestoides	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(106) Mecyclothorax hephaestoides sp. n. Figs 143A, 144 A–C, 145A, 146A, 147</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Beetles of this species are larger than all others assigned to this species group, standardized body length 5.7-6.0 mm (Fig. 143A), and are the only ones with a quadrisetose pronotum. Body coloration is uniformly dark, rufopiceous to rufobrunneous, with the elytral margins only narrowly rufoflavous. The discal elytral striae are distinctly punctate, with striae 1-3 impressed on the disc, and striae 4-5 indicated by more isolated punctures. Both the apical and subapical elytral setae are present. Setal formula 2 2 2 2.</p><p>Description</p><p>(n = 5). Head capsule with frontal grooves deep near clypeus, divergent mesad broad lateral convexity anterad eye, parallel mesad anterior supraorbital seta; dorsal impression of neck distinct, concave, visible in dorsal view; ocular lobe obtusely protruded from gena, eyes moderately convex, ocular ratio = 1.44-1.51, not covering posterior portion of ocular lobe, ocular lobe ratio = 0.76-0.81; labral anterior margin broadly emarginate to 1/6 of labral length; antennae filiform, antennomeres 2-3 with only a few setae basad apical rings; mentum tooth with sides acute, apex tightly rounded. Pronotum moderately transverse, MPW/PL = 1.20-1.25, lateral margins subparallel laterad basal pronotal setal articulatory sockets, hind angles obtuse, apex tightly rounded; median base depressed relative to disc,&gt;20 distinct punctures each side, the punctures elongate along juncture with disc; basal margin broadly convex between laterobasal depressions; median longitudinal impression very fine, obsolete on disc, distinct just anterad median base; anterior transverse impression finely incised, deep, small punctures in deepest part; anterior callosity convex, smooth; front angles not produced, rounded posterad front margin; pronotal apical width subequal to pronotal basal width, APW/BPW = 0.99-1.07; lateral marginal depression moderately broad, reflexed, broader with minute bead at front angle; laterobasal depression deep, surface irregular, continuous with lateral depression. Proepisternum with 5 distinct punctures along hind marginal groove; prosternal process with broad median depression, lateral margins broadly beaded between coxae. Elytra subquadrate, disc moderately convex, sides evenly sloped to lateral marginal depression; basal groove subangulate at sutural stria, extended laterally to rounded humerus defined by a hitch at the juncture of narrow basal groove and broader lateral depression, MEW/HuW ratio = 2.06-2.12; parascutellar seta present; parascutellar striole with 5-7 punctures, striole shallow to coplanar with disc between punctures; sutural interval more convex than lateral intervals throughout length; sutural stria traceable to basal groove, deep and narrow apically, 2nd stria obsolete basally, shallow and broad apically; discal striae 3-5 progressively shallower and less extended apically, all absent from base, stria 6 represented by a few very shallow punctures or absent, stria 7 absent; 8th interval convex 7th stria at position of subapical elytral seta; 2 dorsal elytral setae at 0.29 × and 0.62-0.64 elytral length, setal impressions evident but spanning only ½ width of interval 3; apical and subapical setae present; lateral elytral setae arranged in anterior series of 7 setae and posterior series of 5-7 setae; elytral marginal depression narrow, edge slightly upraised at humerus, narrowed to bead at subapical sinuation; subapical sinuation shallow, more abruptly incurved apically. Mesepisternum with ~12 punctures in 2-3 rows; metepisternal width to length ratio = 0.69; metepisternum/metepimeron suture distinct. Abdomen with irregular lateral wrinkles on ventrites 1-6, lateral depressions on ventrites 3-6; suture between ventrites 2 and 3 complete; apical male ventrite with 2 marginal setae and apical female ventrite with 4 equally spaced setae and median trapezoid of 4 subequal, short setae. Legs-metatarsomere 1/metatibial length ratio = 0.17; metatarsomere 4 length along outer lobe 1.3 × medial tarsomere length, apical and subapical setae present; metatarsal dorsolateral sulci narrow, lateral, median area broad. Microsculpture of vertex a shallow transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 –3× length; pronotal disc with indistinct elongate transverse mesh to transverse lines, transverse sculpticell breadth 2 –4× length, median base with distinct transverse mesh between punctures, sculpticell breadth 2 –3× length; elytral disc and apex with distinct, regular transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 –3× length; metasternum with obsolete transverse mesh, the surface glossy; laterobasal abdominal ventrites with swirling isodiametric and transverse microsculpture. Coloration of vertex rufobrunneous with piceous cast; antennomeres 1-3 rufoflavous, 4-11 rufobrunneous; pronotal disc rufopiceous, lateral margins narrowly, and base and apex more broadly rufobrunneous; proepipleuron rufobrunneous dorsally, rufoflavous along ventral margin, proepisternum dark rufobrunneous; elytral disc rufopiceous, sutural interval narrowly rufous along suture in basal 2/3, narrowly rufoflavous apically; elytral lateral marginal depression narrowly rufoflavous, elytral apex narrowly rufoflavous apicad subapical sinuation; elytral epipleuron dark rufoflavous, ventrally rufopiceous, metepisternum rufopiceous with cupreous reflection; abdominal ventrites 1-6 rufobrunneous mediobasally, rufoflavous on lateral and apical margins except apical 1/3 of ventrite 6 paler, rufobrunneous; metafemur rufoflavous with basal piceous cloud; metatibia rufoflavous with brunneous cast.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 4). Aedeagal median lobe elongate, gracile, distance from parameral articulation to tip 4.2 × depth at midlength (Fig. 144A, C); apex elongate, narrowly extended 5 × its minimum depth beyond ostial opening, the tip expanded dorsally as a blunt tooth, and ventrally as rounded tip with oblique, straight, apical face; median lobe straight in ventral view, but apex offset to right side, dorsal (left) margin straight in ventral view, but apex offset to right side, dorsal (left) margin angled to meet thin apex (Fig. 144B); internal sac broad, breadth about 0.67 × distance from ventral ostial margin to base of flagellar plate, a broad, transverse dorsal ostial microtrichial patch defined by shingled macrospicules present near base; flagellar plate moderately long, length 0.42 × parameral articulation-tip distance.</p><p>Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix columnar with expanded apex, length 1.50 mm, apical breadth 0.68 mm, basal breadth 0.34 mm (Fig. 145A); bursal walls translucent, thickly wrinkled; gonocoxite 1 with 4-5 apical fringe setae, the medial seta smaller, a curved seta at medioapical angle and 6-7 smaller setae on medial surface (Fig. 146A); gonocoxite 2 falcate with subacuminate apex, broad basal extension little curved at lateral terminus, 2 lateral ensiform setae, apical nematiform setae on medioventral surface at 0.71 × gonocoxite length.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Male (CUIC) dissected and labeled: HI: Maui Haleakala N.P. / Halemau‘u Tr. 5-V-1991 / el. 2270-2300 m / at night on ground // J.K. Liebherr / A.C. Medeiros, / Jr. collectors // 3 // Mecyclothorax / hephaestoides / ♂ #2 / det. J.K. Liebherr 2014 // HOLOTYPE / Mecyclothorax / hephaestoides / Liebherr / det. J.K. Liebherr 2015 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Paratypes.</p><p>HI: Maui: Haleakala N.P., Kalapawili Ridge nr. Pohaku Polaha, base bunch grass, 2505 m el., 11-x-2009 lot 01, Krushelnycky (UHIM, 1), Kipahulu Vy., sifting litter by day, 2100 m el., 07-v-1991 lot 05, Jessel/Medeiros (CUIC, 2), below Kuiki, pyrethrin fog mossy rockface, 2145 m el., 16-v-2001 lot 03, Liebherr (CUIC, 2), sift Metrosideros litter, 2145 m el., 16-v-2001 lot 02, Liebherr (CUIC, 1), Leleiwi overlook, under stone on ground, 2010-2100 m el., 11-vii-1919, Timberlake (UCRC, 1), NW upper slope, Halemauu Tr., on ground at night 2270-2300 m el., 05-v-1991 lot 03, Liebherr/Medeiros (CUIC, 1), under rocks nr. roots, 2285-2315 m el., 05-v- 1991 lot 02, Liebherr (CUIC, 1), Waikamoi Gulch headwaters, moss along stream, 2030 m el., 06-v-1991 lot 01, Liebherr (CUIC, 1); Hana For. Res., Hanawi N.A.R., Kuhiwa Str. E Poouli Cabin, under rocks in streambed, 1615 m el., 06-v-1998 lot 03, Ewing (CUIC, 1); Koolau For. Res.; Waikamoi N.C.P., Honomanu drainage transect 3, ex mossy trunk Metrosideros, 1830-1860 m el., 07-v-1991 lot 07, Liebherr (CUIC, 5), upper arm Honomanu drainage, treading streamside vegetation, 1950 m el., 07-v-1991 lot 06, Liebherr (CUIC, 2).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>This species resembles Mecyclothorax vulcanus (Blackburn) and Mecyclothorax hephaestus Liebherr of Hawai‘i Island (Liebherr 2008b), leading to use of hephaestoides as the species epithet.</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax hephaestoides exhibits a bipartite distribution with apparently disjunct populations occupying the Waikamoi area, and high elevations surrounding the head of Kīpahulu Valley (Fig. 147). This species occupies higher elevation forest and open subalpine habitats above timberline; i.e., 1615-2505 m elevation. Beetles of this species have been found under rocks in open rocky habitat within the fog zone, in moss along a stream, by treading emergent vegetation along a stream, in Deschampsia (hairgrass) tufts, and on a mossy rockface. The common element in all of these situations was the presence of free moisture, often at or just below the trade wind inversion layer on the volcano.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E421D27F035B49E65D29C9DACA8F5490	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
97B5320043CCBEB0205C4ABC82185510.text	97B5320043CCBEB0205C4ABC82185510.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax oculellus	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(107) Mecyclothorax oculellus sp. n. Figs 143B, 147</p><p>Diagnosis .</p><p>This species is one of the few Hawaiian Mecyclothorax that lacks dorsal elytral setae. Among the Haleakalā fauna only Mecyclothorax xestos (Fig. 90D) of the Mecyclothorax microps group shares this feature. The parascutellar seta is absent, a unique occurrence within the Mecyclothorax palustris group, and the pronotum is broader relative to the elytra (Fig. 143B), MEW/MPW = 1.44, than in any other species with concolorous elytral disc and margins in the group. The bicolored Mecyclothorax bicoloris and Mecyclothorax bicoloratus exhibit similar somite proportions (Fig. 143 C–D). The elytral microsculpture is a well-developed mesh of isodiametric sculpticells arranged in transverse rows on the inner intervals, the sculpticells more transverse on intervals 7 and 8. Setal formula 2 1 0 1[sae]. Standardized body length 4.2 mm.</p><p>Description</p><p>(n = 1). Head capsule with frontal grooves broadest near clypeus, expanded medially inside broad convexity anterad eyes, terminated posteriorly at thin carina mesad supraorbital seta; dorsal impression of neck slightly concave; ocular lobe barely protruded from gena, eyes relatively flat, ocular ratio = 1.43, ocular lobe ratio = 0.81; labral anterior margin angularly emarginate 1/6 labral length; antennae filiform, antennomeres 2-3 with sparse pelage of short setae; mentum tooth with sides acute, apex tightly rounded. Pronotum with lateral margins convex anterad a deep sinuation at the right hind angles, the lateral margins parallel for 1/6 pronotal length, MPW/PL = 1.21, MPW/BPW = 1.61; median base nearly coplanar with disc, shallow strigose wrinkles each side; basal margin very slightly convex between laterobasal depressions; median longitudinal impression very shallow, middle of disc flat; anterior transverse impression broad, shallow medially, more marked laterally, finely incised mesad front angles; anterior callosity moderately convex, smooth; front angles slightly projected, tightly rounded; pronotal apex broader than base, APW/BPW = 1.07; lateral marginal depression narrow, beaded laterally, edge upturned and broader at front angles; laterobasal depression smooth, continuous with lateral depression. Proepisternum with 5 minute punctures along hind marginal groove; prosternal process with broad median depression, lateral margins broadly beaded between coxae. Elytra subquadrate, moderately broad basally, disc flat, sides moderately sloped; basal groove angulate at sutural stria, extended to angulate humerus defined by juncture of basal groove and much broader lateral marginal depression, MEW/HuW = 1.95; parascutellar striole with 3-4 punctures, striole very shallow between punctures; sutural interval more convex than lateral intervals, sutural juncture upraised; sutural and 2nd striae of subequal depth and punctation on disc, sutural stria deeper and more finely incised at apex; discal intervals 2-5 slightly convex, striae 2-5 progressively shallower and less punctate laterally, stria 6 a series of punctures, and stria 7 marked by sparse elongate irregularities at midlength, shallowly continuous apically; 8th interval of similar convexity to apical fused portion of striae 5 + 7; subapical seta present in apical portion of stria 7 laterad apex of stria 2; lateral elytral setae arranged in anterior series of 7 setae and posterior series of 6 setae; elytral marginal depression moderately narrow posterad humerus, edge slightly upturned there, narrowed to a bead at subapical sinuation; subapical sinuation shallow, more abruptly incurved anteriorly. Mesepisternum with ~13 punctures in 2-3 rows; metepisternal width to length ratio = 0.76; metepisternum/metepimeron suture distinct. Abdomen with irregular lateral wrinkles on ventrites 1-5 and lateral depressions on ventrites 3-6; suture between ventrites 2 and 3 complete; apical female ventrite with 4 equally spaced setae and median trapezoid of 4 subequal, short setae; Legs-metatarsomere 1/metatibial length ratio = 0.19; metatarsomere 4 length along outer lobe 1.3 × medial tarsomere length, apical and subapical setae present; metatarsal dorsolateral sulci broad, shallow, basal tarsomere medially subcarinate. Microsculpture of vertex a shallow transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 –3× length; pronotal disc with shallow transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 –4× length, median base with distinct isodiametric mesh; metasternum with a shallow transverse mesh; laterobasal abdominal ventrites with swirling isodiametric and transverse microsculpture. Coloration (lone holotype specimen is teneral) of vertex rufoflavous; antenna rufoflavous basally, dusky rufoflavous apically; pronotal disc rufoflavous, lateral margins narrowly, and base and apex flavous; proepipleuron flavous, proepisternum rufobrunneous with rufoflavous margins; elytral disc rufoflavous, sutural interval flavous basally and apically, concolorous on disc; elytral marginal depression narrowly flavous, apex gradually paler, flavous from apical terminus of interval 4; elytral epipleuron flavous, metepisternum rufobrunneous; abdominal ventrites 1-5 rufoflavous, apical half of ventrite 6 flavous; metafemur flavous; metatibia flavous with rufoflavous cast.</p><p>Female reproductive tract. The lone female specimen was not dissected.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Female (BPBM) labeled: HI: Maui Is. Haleakala / Waikamoi N.C.P. 1750 m el. / 20°47.21'N, 156°13.82'W / 12-III-2002 R. Takumi / pyr. fog mossy ohia // HOLOTYPE / Mecyclothorax / oculellus / Liebherr / det. J.K. Liebherr 2015 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The very small eyes characterizing this species are the basis for using oculellus -small eye-as the species epithet. The diminutive oculellus was used instead of ocellus due to the very specific meaning of the latter term in entomology.</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax oculellus is known only from a specimen collected at 1750 m elevation in the Honomanu drainage of Waikamoi Nature Conservancy Preserve (Fig. 147). The type specimen was collected in pyrethrin fog samples taken from mossy ‘ōhi‘a, along with specimens of 12 other Mecyclothorax spp.: Mecyclothorax bicoloris, Mecyclothorax cognatus, Mecyclothorax filipoides, Mecyclothorax kipwilli, Mecyclothorax laetus, Mecyclothorax mauiae, Mecyclothorax orbiculus, Mecyclothorax ovipennis, Mecyclothorax perstriatus, Mecyclothorax planatus, Mecyclothorax sobrinus, and Mecyclothorax unctus .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/97B5320043CCBEB0205C4ABC82185510	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
1C4243FBCE24DD0B84BCEF418B6202BE.text	1C4243FBCE24DD0B84BCEF418B6202BE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax bicoloris	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(108) Mecyclothorax bicoloris sp. n. Figs 143C, 144 D–G, 145B, 146B, 148</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>This species (Fig. 143C) and Mecyclothorax bicoloratus (Fig. 143D) comprise a cryptic sibling species pair diagnosed by: 1, broadly flavous elytral margins contrasted to a rufopiceous disc; and 2, punctate discal elytral striae 1-5. The strial punctures vary in size (Fig. 143 C–D), though unfortunately for the taxonomist, not in tandem with the diagnostic male aedeagal median lobe. The median lobe apex for Mecyclothorax bicoloris males is ventrally pointed (Fig. 144D, F–G), whereas the lobe apex in Mecyclothorax bicoloratus males is broadly rounded (Fig. 144 H–I). Two subtle external characters allow these two species to be diagnosed, though not with the confidence based on a male dissection. Firstly, the microsculpture of the vertex of Mecyclothorax bicoloris individuals comprises an indistinct transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 –3× length, with areas of microsculpture interspersed with glossy areas. The sculpticell margins are not visible in areas of reflected microscope light. Mecyclothorax bicoloratus individuals, in contrast, exhibit a well-developed transverse mesh on the vertex, with the convex surfaces of individual sculpticells discernible, and the entire surface less glossy. Secondly, the elytral lateral marginal groove is narrower basally just laterad the humeral angle in Mecyclothorax bicoloris (Fig. 143C), whereas it is broader with a more elevated margin in Mecyclothorax bicoloratus (Fig. 143D). Setal formula 2 1 2 0. Standardized body length 4.1-4.6 mm.</p><p>Description</p><p>(n = 5). Head capsule with frontal grooves deepest in anterior half of length where they are parallel on the frons, grooves narrower and shallower posterad a lateral jog in their direction, grooves terminated mesad narrow carina inside anterior supraorbital seta; dorsal impression of neck slightly concave; ocular lobe distinctly protruded from gena, eyes moderately convex and large, ocular ratio = 1.48-1.53, ocular lobe ratio = 0.85-0.91; labral anterior margin angularly emarginate 1/8 of labral length; antennae filiform; antennomeres 2-3 with sparse pelage of short setae; mentum tooth with sides acute, apex tightly rounded. Pronotum transverse, MPW/PL = 1.15-1.29, lateral margins distinctly sinuate for short distance anterad right to slightly acute hind angles, MPW/BPW = 1.56-1.70; median base distinctly depressed relative to disc, with ~20 small, isolated punctures each side; basal margin slightly convex medially, straight behind laterobasal depressions; median longitudinal impression very shallow, middle of disc flat, crossed by indistinct transverse wrinkles; anterior transverse impression broad, shallow, smooth, obso lete medially, incised immediately mesad front angles; anterior callosity nearly flat, slightly convex, smooth; front angles slightly projected, tightly rounded; pronotal apical width slightly greater than basal width, APW/BPW = 1.01-1.09; lateral marginal depression narrow, edge upturned anterad lateral seta, a bit broader at front angle; laterobasal depression narrow with irregular surface, continuous with lateral depression. Proepisternum with 5 minute punctures along hind marginal groove; prosternal process with narrow median impression, lateral margins broadly upraised. Elytra subquadrate, disc slightly convex, sides moderately sloped to margins; basal groove angulate at sutural stria, extended directly to angulate humerus at juncture of basal groove and broader lateral depression, MEW/HuW = 2.04-2.12; parascutellar seta present; parascutellar striole with 5 punctures, striole shallow but continuous between punctures; sutural interval coplanar basally, upraised apically; sutural and 2nd striae of subequal depth and punctation on disc; sutural stria continued to base whereas striae 2-5 obsolete basally; at elytral apex sutural stria deep and smooth, striae 2-3 and 7 traceable apically but very shallow; discal striae 2-6 progressively shallower laterally, punctures more isolated and associated intervals flatter, stria 7 absent at elytral midlength; 8th interval of similar convexity to apical fused portion of striae 5 + 7; 2 dorsal elytral setae at 0.26 × and 0.65 × elytral length, setal impressions small, shallow, spanning ½ width of interval 3; apical and subapical setae absent; lateral elytral setae arranged in anterior series of 7 setae and posterior series of 6 setae; elytral marginal depression narrow laterad humerus with upturned margin, narrower and beaded apically at subapical sinuation; subapical sinuation very shallow, symmetri cal . Mesepisternum with ~9 punctures in 2-3 rows; metepisternal width to length ratio = 0.65; metepisternum/metepimeron suture distinct. Abdomen with irregular lateral wrinkles on ventrites 1-5, lateral depressions on ventrites 3-6; suture between ventrites 2 and 3 complete; apical male ventrite with 2 marginal setae and apical female ventrite with 4 equally spaced setae and median trapezoid of 4 subequal, short setae. Legs-metatarsomere 1/metatibial length ratio = 0.19; metatarsomere 4 length along outer lobe 1.3 × medial tarsomere length, apical and subapical setae present; metatarsal dorsolateral sulci broad, shallow, basal tarsomere medially subcarinate. Microsculpture of pronotal disc shallow transverse mesh to transverse lines between areas of glossy cuticle, median base glossy between punctures, indistinct transverse sculpticells over parts of cuticle; elytral disc with transversely stretched isodiametric sculpticells, sculpticells up to 2 × broad as long, apex with mixture of isodiametric and transverse sculpticells; metasternum with shallow transverse mesh; laterobasal abdominal ventrites with swirling isodiametric and transverse sculpticells. Coloration of vertex rufobrunneous; antennomeres 1-3 flavous, 4-11 rufoflavous; pronotal disc rufobrunneous, lateral margins, base, and apex rufoflavous; proepipleuron rufoflavous, proepisternum dorsally rufoflavous, ventrally rufobrunneous; elytral disc basally rufobrunneous to rufopiceous, lateral margins 7-9 contrastedly flavous, sutural interval rufoflavous basally, flavous apically; elytral apex broadly flavous, the paler area matching or exceeding the breadth of the pale lateral margin; elytral epipleuron flavous dorsally, rufoflavous ventrally, metepisternum rufobrunneous; abdomen with ventrites 1-3 rufobrunneous medially, rufoflavous laterally, ventrites 4-6 basally rufobrunneous, apically flavous; metafemur flavous; metatibia rufoflavous.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 3). Aedeagal median lobe moderately stout, distance from parameral articulation to tip 3.0 × depth at midlength (Fig. 144D, F); apex extended 2 –3× its minimum depth beyond ostial opening, dorsal and ventral margins parallel until tip that is acutely angled and slightly downturned, the apical face convex; median lobe straight, right and left margins similarly convergent in ventral view, the apex with oblique, blunt tip in this view (Fig. 144E); internal sac about twice as long as broad, with broad, diffuse dorsal ostial microtrichial patch near base, and ventral sac surface covered with brownish microspicules (Fig. 144G); flagellar plate of moderate size, length 0.40 × parameral articulation-tip distance.</p><p>Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix ovate-like an insect net in profile (Fig. 145B)-with length 0.72 mm, basal breadth 0.51 mm, midlength breadth 0.34 mm; bursal walls translucent, thickly wrinkled; gonocoxite 1 with 3-4 apical fringe setae, a curved seta at medioapical angle and 6-7 setae on medial surface (Fig. 146B); gonocoxite 2 falcate with subacuminate apex, basal extension curved at terminus, 2 lateral ensiform setae, apical nematiform setae on medioventral surface at 0.75 × gonocoxite length.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Male (CUIC) labeled: HI: Maui Haleakala NW / slope Waikamoi Pres. / trans. 3 @ 1700 m el. / 10-IV-1991 sifting / litter J.K. Liebherr // 1 // HOLOTYPE / Mecyclothorax / bicoloris / Liebherr / det. J.K. Liebherr 2015 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Paratypes .</p><p>HI: Maui: Haleakala N.P., NW upper slope, beating, 1830-1980 m el., 18-viii-1937, Zimmerman (BPBM, 1); Hanawi N.A.R., Kopiliula Str., pyrethrin fog Metrosideros /moss/uluhe, 1127 m el., 03-v-1998 lot 08 Polhemus (CUIC, 1), Kuhiwa Vy., Poouli Cabin, pyrethrin fog Metrosideros /moss, 1590 m el., 06-v-1998 lot 06, Polhemus (NMNH, 1), pyrethrin fog Metrosideros / roots/trunk, 1590 m el., 06-v-1998 lot 07, Polhemus (NMNH, 1); Koolau For. Res., Kula Pipeline Rd., pyrethrin fog Acacia koa, 1305 m el., 18-v-2003 lot 10, Polhemus (NMNH, 2); Waikamoi N.C.P., pyrethrin fog Metrosideros /moss, 1750 m el., 12-iii-2002, Takumi (BPBM, 1), Honomanu drainage, transect 3, sift moss and litter, 1680-1710 m el., 10-iv-1991 lot 01, Liebherr (CUIC, 1), 08-v-1991 lot 06, Kavanaugh (CAS, 3), scrape Metrosideros humus/moss, 1700 m el., 08-v-1991 lot 03, Liebherr (CUIC, 1), Ukulele Pipeline, pyrethrin fog Metrosideros mossy log, 1510 m el., 16-v-2003 lot 05, Liebherr (CUIC, 2).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The species epithet bicoloris refers to the bicolored elytra of members of this species. The epithet is the genitive singular form of bicolor, and its ending does not change with gender.</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax bicoloris is distributed on the windward face of Haleakalā from Kuhiwa Stream on the east to the Waikamoi forests on the west (Fig. 148). Localities range in elevation 1305-1980 m. The species was collected once in association with koa, but nearly all records are in association with ‘ōhi‘a; mossy trunks, mossy downed logs and exposed roots, or humus and leaf litter.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C4243FBCE24DD0B84BCEF418B6202BE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
DA4DFD566452936E1A7D3A98884470E1.text	DA4DFD566452936E1A7D3A98884470E1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax bicoloratus	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(109) Mecyclothorax bicoloratus sp. n.</p><p>Diagnosis .</p><p>This species (Fig. 143D) shares the bicolored elytra, punctate discal elytral striae, and setal formula 2 1 2 0 with its cryptic sibling species, Mecyclothorax bicoloris (Fig. 143C). As detailed under that species’ treatment, the more intensely microsculptured vertex can externally diagnose individuals of this species, with the isodiametric sculpticells upraised, their individual reflections producing a textured look to the surface. Also, the elytral lateral marginal depression is broader laterad the humerus in this species (Fig. 143D). The aedeagus of this species has a broadly rounded median lobe apex (Fig. 144 H–I) instead of the ventrally pointed apex of Mecyclothorax bicoloris males (Fig. 144 D–G). Standardized body length 4.1-4.8 mm.</p><p>Description</p><p>(n = 5). [The above description of Mecyclothorax bicoloris can serve to describe this species. All diagnostic characters are presented above, so only the various recorded ratios are presented below.] Eyes moderately convex, covering much of the protruded ocular lobes, ocular ratio = 1.44-1.50, ocular lobe ratio = 0.79-0.84. Pronotum transverse, MPW/PL = 1.18-1.30, lateral margins distinctly sinuate for short distance anterad right to slightly acute hind angles, MPW/BPW = 1.54-1.64. Elytra narrowly subquadrate, MEW/HuW = 2.05-2.14.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 2). Aedeagal median lobe gracile, distance from parameral articulation to tip 3.7 × depth at midlength (Fig. 144 H–I); apex parallel sided, of variable breadth, extended 1.5 –2.7× minimum depth beyond ostial opening, tip with apical face less convex dorsad rounded juncture with ventral margin; internal sac with evident, broadly diffuse dorsal ostial microtrichial patch (uneverted specimen, Fig. 144H); flagellar plate of moderate size, length 0.35 × parameral articulation-tip distance (uneverted specimens, Fig. 144 H–I). Both figured specimens were collected at State Fence Camp on Helele‘ike‘oha Stream, and as there are no other features that diagnose these males, variation in the breadth of the median lobe and its apex is considered infraspecific.</p><p>Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix broad basally, with parallel-sided apical lobe with rounded apex, overall length 0.76 mm, apical lobe 0.60 mm long × 0.29 mm broad, base at vagina 0.38 mm broad (Fig. 145C); bursal walls translucent, thickly wrinkled; gonocoxite 1 with 3-4 apical fringe setae, the medial 1 or 2 smaller (Fig. 146C), a curved seta at apicomedial angle and 9-10 setae on medial surface; gonocoxite 2 narrowly subtriangular, with apex curved laterad, lateral margin straight near ensiform setae and base moderately extended laterally, 2 lateral ensiform setae, apical nematiform setae on medioventral surface at 0.76-0.79 gonocoxite length.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Female (CUIC) labeled: HI:Maui Haleakala N.P. / Kipahulu Vy. 1800m el. / 8-V-1991 sifting / leaf litter by day // S. Jessel / A.C. Medeiros / Jr. collectors // 2 // HOLOTYPE / Mecyclothorax / bicoloratus / Liebherr / det. J.K. Liebherr 2015 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Paratypes.</p><p>HI: Maui: Hana For. Res., Heleleikeoha Str. State Fence Camp, pyrethrin fog Metrosideros /moss, 1615 m el., 11-v-1998 lot 06, Polhemus (NMNH, 2), 12-v-1998 lot 03, Liebherr (CUIC, 1), lot 10 Polhemus (CUIC, 1; NMNH, 1).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The adjectival species epithet bicoloratus is used to name the second bicolored species in the Mecyclothorax palustris group, adding to the examples of sibling species named with the same word stem.</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>The distribution of Mecyclothorax bicoloratus lies to the east of that of Mecyclothorax bicoloris, with the known localities in upper Kīpahulu Valley (1800 m elevation) or the Helele‘ike‘oha Stream drainage at 1615 m elevation (Fig. 148). All specimens have been collected in association with ‘ōhi‘a, either in leaf litter or via pyrethrin fog application to mossy trunks and logs.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DA4DFD566452936E1A7D3A98884470E1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
FA287ABEA9EA5C31EAAA8878A3202066.text	FA287ABEA9EA5C31EAAA8878A3202066.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax bilobatus	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(110) Mecyclothorax bilobatus sp. n. (Figs 145D, 146D, 149A, 150, 151</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Among the four species in this group with individuals exhibiting contrastedly paler elytral margins, this species (Fig. 149A) is diagnosed by the very shallow elytral striae, with only the sutural and 2nd striae impressed on the disc. The pronotal median base is less punctate than in the two bicolored species with punctate striae; Mecyclothorax bicoloris (Fig. 143C) and Mecyclothorax bicoloratus (Fig. 143D). In this species the pronotum has ~16 isolated punctures each side, and the surface of the pronotal laterobasal depression is smooth. The male aedeagal internal sac is bilobed in this species, with the basal lobe subequal in length to the apical lobe (Fig. 150 E–F). Setal formula 2 1 2 0. Standardized body length 3.9-4.7 mm.</p><p>Description</p><p>(n = 5). Head capsule with frontal grooves broad and deep at clypeus, straight and subparallel, terminated at a low carina mesad anterior supraorbital seta; dorsal impression of neck slightly concave; ocular lobe obtusely protruded from gena, eyes convex, ocular ratio = 1.54-1.60, ocular lobe ratio = 0.78-0.81; labral anterior margin angularly emarginate 1/6 of labral length; antennae filiform, antennomeres 2-3 with sparse pelage of short setae; mentum tooth with sides acute, apex tightly rounded. Pronotum slightly transverse, MPW/PL = 1.15-1.20, basally constricted, MPW/BPW = 1.53-1.64, lateral margins briefly sinuate anterad acute, projected hind angles; median base depressed relative to disc; basal margin indistinctly trisinuate, slightly convex medially; median longitudinal impression very shallow, broad, crossed by indistinct transverse wrinkles; anterior transverse impression broad, very shallow medially, incised laterally mesad front angles; anterior callosity flat, slightly upraised, smooth; front angles not projected, rounded posterad curve of front margin; pronotal apical width variably subequal to broader than pronotal basal width, APW/BPW = 0.97-1.13; lateral marginal depression moderate, edge upturned at hind angle, beaded anterad inside basal sinuation, depression not wider at front angle. Proepisternum with 5 minute punctures along hind marginal groove; prosternal process with broad median depression, lateral margins broadly beaded between coxae. Elytra subovoid, disc convex, sides distinctly sloped to margins; basal groove evenly curved to angulate humerus, MEW/HuW = 2.14-2.36; parascutellar seta present; parascutellar striole with 4 isolated punctures; sutural interval coplanar with lateral intervals basally, upraised in apical half; sutural stria deeper than 2nd stria throughout length, deeper and more punctate on disc, a series of isolated punctures near basal groove, and deep, narrow, and smooth at elytral apex; discal striae 2, or 2-3 traceable as linear series of shallow punctures, lateral striae traceable only as disturbances in the microsculpture, or melanic spots in the cuticle; striae 2, 3 and the apex of 7 shallow and traceable at elytral apex, area between striae 2 and 7 evenly convex there; 2 dorsal elytral setae at 0.26 –0.28× and 0.49 –0.57× elytral length, setal impressions small, shallow, spanning ½ width of interval 3; apical and subapical setae absent; lateral elytral setae arranged in anterior series of 7 setae and posterior series of 6 setae; elytral marginal depression narrow at humerus, margin upturned, beaded posteriorly near subapical sinuation; subapical sinuation shallow, more abruptly incurved anteriorly. Mesepisternum with 5 punctures in 1 row; metepisternal width to length ratio = 0.68; metepisternum/metepimeron suture distinct. Abdomen with irregular lateral wrinkles on ventrites 1-5, lateral depressions on ventrites 3-6; suture between ventrites 2 and 3 complete; apical male ventrite with 2 marginal setae and apical female ventrite with 4 equally spaced setae and median trapezoid of 4 subequal, short setae. Legs-metatarsomere 1/metatibial length ratio = 0.18; metatarsomere 4 length along outer lobe 1.3 × medial tarsomere length, apical and subapical setae present; metatarsal dorsolateral sulci broad, shallow, median area broad. Microsculpture of vertex a shallow transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 –3× length; pronotal disc with obsolete transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 –4× length, median base glossy medially, indistinct isodiametric sculpticells laterally; elytral disc and apex with indistinct isodiametric sculpticells in transverse rows; metasternum with shallow transverse mesh; laterobasal abdominal ventrites with swirling isodiametric and transverse sculpticells. Coloration of vertex rufous; antennomeres 1-3 flavous, 4-11 rufoflavous; pronotal disc rufobrunneous, lateral margins, base, and anterior callosity rufoflavous; proepipleuron flavous, proepisternum rufobrunneous with rufoflavous margins; elytral disc rufopiceous, base rufobrunneous, sutural interval basally rufous, apical half rufoflavous, marginal intervals 7-9 contrastedly flavous, apex flavous apicad the posterior seta of the lateral setal series; elytral epipleuron flavous, metepisternum rufobrunneous; abdomen with ventrite 1 rufoflavous, ventrites 2-3 rufopiceous with flavous apex, ventrites 4-6 basally rufobrunneous, apical ¾ of apical ventrite 6 flavous; metafemur flavous; metatibia flavous with rufoflavous cast.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 7). Aedeagal median lobe robust, distance from parameral articulation to tip 2.5 –2.8× depth at midlength (Fig. 150A, C–F); apex a smoothly curved extension of ventral margin, the extension of variable depth (Fig. 150A versus C–F); median lobe broad, symmetrical in ventral view, the convex dorsal margin (Fig. 150A) visible as convex apical margin in this view (Fig. 150B); internal sac with well-developed basal lobe that is subequal in length to apical lobe (Fig. 150 E–F), the lobe varying in breadth; sac with well-developed microspicules on ventral surface, a very diffuse patch of somewhat larger, lightly melanized macrospicules present near base (Fig. 150E); flagellar plate of moderate size, length 0.38 –0.40× parameral articulation-tip distance.</p><p>Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix broad basally, with parallel-sided apical lobe with rounded apex, overall length 0.76 mm, apical lobe 0.56 mm long × 0.34 mm broad, base at vagina 0.55 mm broad (Fig. 145D); bursal walls translucent, thinly wrinkled; gonocoxite 1 with 3 apical fringe setae, 7-8 smaller setae on medial surface (146D); gonocoxite 2 falcate, with tightly rounded tip, base with long thick lateral extension that curves at terminus, 2 lateral ensiform setae, apical nematiform setae on medial surface at 0.76 × gonocoxite length.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Male (CUIC) labeled: HI:Maui Haleakala / Hanawi N.A.R. Poouli / Cabin 6-V-1998 lot01 / 1590m el. pyrethrum fog / mossy ohia J.K. Liebherr // HOLOTYPE / Mecyclothorax / bilobatus / Liebherr / det. J.K. Liebherr 2015 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Paratypes.</p><p>103 specimens (see Appendix).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The adjectival species epithet bilobatus refers to the bilobed internal sac of the male aedeagus (Figs 150 E–F).</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax bilobatus is known only from upper Kuhiwa and Helele‘ike‘oha Stream drainages, and Horseshoe Bog just mauka, i.e. uphill, from the Helele‘ike‘oha State Fence Camp (Fig. 151). These sites range 1590-1830 m elevation. All specimens of this species have been collected in association with mossy ‘ōhi‘a trunks and horizontal nurse logs.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FA287ABEA9EA5C31EAAA8878A3202066	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
F7E0E87C1F9535141C7C6BB08DEC8821.text	F7E0E87C1F9535141C7C6BB08DEC8821.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax palustroides	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(111) Mecyclothorax palustroides sp. n. Figs 145E, 146E, 149B, 151, 152</p><p>Diagnosis .</p><p>This species can be diagnosed by the impressed elytral striae 1-3 that are irregular along their length but not distinctly punctate, and the broadly flavous elytral apical, lateral, and sutural margins (Fig. 149B). The elytral coloration varies infraspecifically. The lateral intervals 7-9 are flavous in contrast to the rufopiceous discal intervals 2-6 in some individuals. Alternatively, the elytra may exhibit gradually paler lateral margins, with intervals 7 or 7-8 rufobrunneous mesad the more flavous 9th interval and lateral marginal depression. The breadths of the flavous apical and lateral marginal bands are positively associated, with the apex variably pale from beyond the posterior seta of the lateral elytral setal series, or more narrowly pale beyond the apical fusion of striae 3 + 4 (Fig. 149B). Individuals with differing degrees of pale margination coöccur within the same collecting series. Individuals of this species are most similar to those of Mecyclothorax tauberorum and Mecyclothorax pau, though both of those species are characterized by darker, less contrasted lateral elytral margins. Individuals of Mecyclothorax palustroides are all larger than those of Mecyclothorax tauberorum; standardized body length for this species = 4.6-5.5 mm versus s.b.l. = 3.9-4.6 mm for Mecyclothorax tauberorum . Mecyclothorax palustroides can be diagnosed from Mecyclothorax pau by the more upraised sculpticells in the transverse discal elytral microsculpture, imparting an alutaceous sheen to the surface, and by the more broadly paler elytral intervals 8-9 posterad the humerus; that pale margin either rufobrunneous or flavous versus the rufopiceous disc. Also, the male aedeagal median lobe can definitively diagnose the 3 species: 1, Mecyclothorax palustroides with the lobe apex broadly rounded (Fig. 152); 2, Mecyclothorax tauberorum with the lobe apex short and bluntly rounded (Fig. 161A, C–D); and 3, Mecyclothorax pau with the lobe apex elongate, narrowly rounded (Fig. 161 E–F, H–L). Setal formula 2 1 2 0.</p><p>Description</p><p>(n = 5). Head capsule with frontal grooves broad near clypeus, triangularly expanded medially, and divergent to terminate mesad fine carina inside anterior supraorbital seta; dorsal impression of neck slightly concave; ocular lobe obtusely protruded from gena, ocular ratio = 1.50-1.58, ocular lobe ratio = 0.81-0.84; labral anterior margin angularly emarginate to 1/9 labral length; antennae filiform, antennomeres 2-3 with sparse pelage of short setae; mentum tooth with sides acute, apex tightly rounded. Pronotum slightly transverse, MPW/PL = 1.08-1.21, variably constricted basally, MPW/BPW = 1.52-1.68; lateral margins convergent for short distance anterad right hind angles, the basal margin convex just mesad hind angle; median base distinctly depressed relative to disc, elongate punctures bordering disc, ~19 isolated punctures each side; basal margin trisinuate, slightly convex medially; median longitudinal impression very shallow, middle of disc flat; anterior transverse impression obsolete medially, finely incised laterally, fine longitudinal wrinkles extended from impression across flat anterior callosity; front angles slightly projected, tightly rounded; pronotal apical width variably broader than pronotal basal width, APW/BPW = 1.02-1.18; lateral marginal depression narrow, edge upturned laterally, slightly broader at front angle; laterobasal depression narrow, surface irregular, continuous with lateral depression. Proepisternum with 5 minute punctures along hind marginal groove; prosternal process with narrow median impression, lateral margins broadly upraised. Elytra subovoid, lateral margins rounded posterad humeral angles, disc convex, sides distinctly sloped to marginal depression; basal groove evenly curved to subangulate humerus, MEW/HuW = 2.21-2.33; parascutellar seta present; parascutellar striole with 4-5 punctures, striole very shallow between punctures; sutural interval coplanar with lateral intervals basally, upraised in apical half; sutural and 2nd striae of similar depth on disc, sutural interval continued as isolated punctures at base, sutural stria deep, smooth and finely incised apically, 2nd stria broader and irregularly interrupted apically; discal striae 2-5 progressively shallower, inner striae irregular, lateral striae represented by isolated punctures, striae 6-7 traceable only as series of very shallow punctures at midlength; mesal intervals slightly convex, lateral intervals flat; apex with striae 1, 2, 7, and 8 present, striae 3-6 obsolete, though intermittently traceable; 8th interval slightly convex laterad 7th stria mesad subapical sinuation; 2 dorsal elytral setae at 0.27 × and 0.54 –0.64× elytral length, setal impressions small, shallow, spanning ½ width of interval 3; lateral elytral setae arranged in anterior series of 7 setae and posterior series of 6 setae; elytral marginal depression moderately broad with edge upturned laterad humerus, narrowed to a beaded margin at subapical sinuation; subapical sinuation shallow, more abruptly incurved anteriorly. Mesepisternum with ~9-10 punctures in 2-3 rows; metepisternal width to length ratio = 0.71; metepisternum/metepimeron suture distinct. Abdomen with irregular lateral wrinkles on ventrites 1-5, lateral depressions on ventrites 3-6; suture between ventrites 2 and 3 complete; apical male ventrite with 2 marginal setae and apical female ventrite with 4 equally spaced setae and median trapezoid of 4 subequal, short setae. Legs-metatarsomere 1/metatibial length ratio = 0.20; metatarsomere 4 length along outer lobe 1.3 × medial tarsomere length, apical and subapical setae present; metatarsal dorsolateral sulci broad, shallow, basal tarsomere medially subcarinate. Microsculpture of vertex a distinct transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 –3× length; pronotal disc with shallow transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 3 –4× length, median base with indistinct transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 × length; elytral apex with shallow isodiametric and transverse sculpticells, sculpticell breadth 2 × length; metasternum with shallow transverse mesh; laterobasal abdominal ventrites with swirling isodiametric and transverse microsculpture. Coloration of vertex rufobrunneous with piceous cast; antennomeres 1-3 rufoflavous, 4-11 rufobrunneous; pronotal disc rufobrunneous with piceous cast, lateral margins narrowly, and base and apex rufoflavous; proepipleuron rufoflavous, proepisternum dorsally rufoflavous, ventrally rufobrunneous; elytral disc dark rufobrunneous with iridescent sheen, sutural interval rufous in basal half, rufoflavous in apical half; elytral epipleuron rufoflavous, metepisternum rufobrunneous; abdomen with ventrites 1-3 rufopiceous medially, rufoflavous laterally, ventrites 4-6 basally rufobrunneous, apically flavous, the apical ventrite flavous in apical 3/4; metafemur flavous; metatibia flavous with rufoflavous cast.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 19). Aedeagal median lobe gracile to slightly robust, dorsal and ventral margins subparallel along median shaft, distance from parameral articulation to tip 3.2 –4.1× depth at midlength (Fig. 152A, C–H); apex broadly and briefly extended, tip slightly curved apically along ventral margin, slightly expanded along dorsal margin, with obliquely convex apical face; median lobe broadly, evenly curved rightward apically in ventral view (Fig. 152B, F), the concave right margin and convex left margin convergent to blunt, oblique tip; internal sac with very pale, diffuse dorsal ostial microtrichial patch near base, and variably ornamented ventral surface, covered either with shaggy pelage of microspicules (Fig. 152G), or a ventral ostial microtrichial patch composed of overlapping scaly macrospicules (Fig. 152H); flagellar plate moderately sized, length 0.40 × parameral articulation-tip distance.</p><p>Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix columnar with basally constricted apical lobe, length 1.08 mm, apical cap 0.40 mm long × 0.29 mm broad, width at midlength 0.40 mm (Fig. 145E); bursal walls translucent, thickly wrinkled; gonocoxite 1 with 4 apical fringe setae, a curved seta near medioapical angle and 3-5 smaller setae on medial surface (Fig. 146E); gonocoxite 2 falcate, apex broad with sensilla doubled along lateral margin, base broadly extended laterally, 2 lateral ensiform setae, apical nematiform setae on medioventral surface at 0.77 × gonocoxite length.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Male (CUIC) labeled: HI: Maui Haleakala NW / slope Waikamoi Pres. / trans. 3 @ 1700 m el. / 10-IV-1991 sifting / litter J.K. Liebherr // HOLOTYPE / Mecyclothorax / palustroides / Liebherr / det. J.K. Liebherr 2015 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Paratypes.</p><p>61 specimens (see Appendix).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>This species’ resemblance to Mecyclothorax palustris (Sharp) leads to the use of palustroides as the species epithet. The stem palustris describes marshy or swampy situations.</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax palustroides is known from the Waikamoi area, Ke‘anae Valley, and upper Kīpahulu Valley at 1265-2045 m elevation (Fig. 151). Its distribution is congruently disjunct across the Hanawī face of Haleakalā with several other widespread species in the Mecyclothorax palustris group; i.e. Mecyclothorax nanunctus (Fig. 157), Mecyclothorax unctus (Fig. 160), and Mecyclothorax pau (Fig. 163). The Kopili‘ula drainage at the center of this gap has experienced significant dieback of the ‘Ōhi‘a Forest (Holt 1983), with the area now characterized by open koa “savannah” standing in dense tangles of Dicranopteris (uluhe) fern. However this particular area of ‘ōhi‘a loss represents only a portion of the range disjunctions for the various species, likely requiring a more complicated solution to the explanation of this biogeographic pattern.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F7E0E87C1F9535141C7C6BB08DEC8821	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
FE2538D37910C181A265F6AD8511E86E.text	FE2538D37910C181A265F6AD8511E86E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax filipoides	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(112) Mecyclothorax filipoides sp. n. Figs 149C, 153 A–C, 154A, 155A, 156</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Among Haleakalā’s Mecyclothorax palustris group species, Mecyclothorax filipoides stands out based on the disparate dorsal microsculpture: 1, head and pronotum with glossy surfaces, their microsculpture respectively a shallow transverse mesh, and obsolete transverse mesh to transverse lines; 2, elytral disc and apex with coriaceous surface comprised of isodiametric or slightly transversely stretched sculpticells arranged in irregular transverse rows. The elytral disc and lateral intervals are rufobrunneous with the elytral apex only indistinctly paler. The discal elytral striae are shallow, with the punctures of the inner striae isolated, and the sutural stria the most complete (Fig. 149C). Setal formula 2 1 2 0. Body size is large among species of the group; standardized body length 4.7-5.5 mm.</p><p>Description</p><p>(n = 5). Head capsule with frontal grooves narrow and deep anteriorly, sinuous laterally and shallower until terminated posteriorly mesad thin carina that borders depression surrounding anterior supraorbital seta; dorsal impression of neck slightly concave; ocular lobes obtusely protruded from gena, eyes large, ocular ratio = 1.52-1.59, ocular lobe ratio = 0.82-0.88; labral anterior margin angularly emarginate 1/7 labral length; antennae filiform, antennomeres 2-3 with sparse pelage of short setae; mentum tooth with sides acute, apex tightly rounded. Pronotum appearing quadrate, MPW/PL = 1.12-1.19, lateral margins slightly convergent anterad acute hind angles for 1/6 of pronotal length, base moderately constricted, MPW/BPW = 1.47-1.56; median base slightly depressed medially, more so laterally, ~25 isolated punctures each side, those along juncture of base and disc elongate; basal margin trisinuate, slightly convex medially and expanded posteriorly behind laterobasal depressions; median longitudinal impression shallow, finely incised, smooth, continued onto median base; anterior transverse impression broad, very shallow medially, well-marked laterally mesad front angles; anterior callosity flat, gradually elevated from transverse impression to front margin, crossed by minute longitudinal wrinkles; front angles projected, narrowly rounded; pronotal apical width slightly less than pronotal basal width, APW/BPW = 0.95-0.99; lateral marginal depression moderate, edge beaded laterally to basal sinuation, more broadly upraised outside laterobasal depressions; laterobasal depression minutely punctate, continuous with lateral depression. Proepisternum with 4 distinct punc tures along hind marginal groove; prosternal process with broad median depression, lateral margins broadly margined between coxae. Elytra subquadrate, disc convex, sides distinctly sloped to margins; basal groove evenly curved to subangulate to angulate humerus defined by hitch in margin at juncture of narrow basal groove and broader lateral marginal depression, MEW/HuW = 2.09-2.24; parascutellar seta present; parascutellar striole with 5 large punctures, striole shallow to interrupted between punctures; sutural interval broadly domed to elevated sutural juncture; sutural stria punctate, deeper than 2nd stria on disc, finely incised, deep, and smooth apically, where 2nd stria is broader and shallower, and irregularly interrupted; discal striae 2-4 progressively shallower laterally with elongate punctures progressively isolated, associated intervals flat, appearing concave on middle of disc; striae 1, 2, and 7 present on elytral apex, striae indicated by series of isolated punctures, 8th interval slightly more convex than 7th mesad subapical sinuation; 2 dorsal elytral setae at 0.15 –0.18× and 0.53 –0.60× elytral length, setal impressions small, shallow, spanning ½ width of interval 3; lateral elytral setae arranged in anterior series of 7 setae and posterior series of 6 setae; elytral marginal depression moderately broad, margin little upraised even near subapical sinuation; subapical sinuation shallow, concavity symmetrical. Mesepisternum with ~18 punctures in 2-3 rows; metepisternal width to length ratio = 0.81; metepisternum/metepimeron suture distinct. Abdomen with irregular lateral wrinkles on ventrites 1-5, and lateral depressions on ventrites 3-6; suture between ventrites 2 and 3 reduced laterally, effaced; apical male ventrite with 2 marginal setae and apical female ventrite with 4 equally spaced setae and median trapezoid of 4 subequal, short setae. Legs-metatarsomere 1/metatibial length ratio = 0.20; metatarsomere 4 length along outer lobe 1.3 × medial tarsomere length, apical and subapical setae present but short; metatarsal dorsolateral sulci broad, shallow, median area subcarinate. Microsculpture of vertex a shallow transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 –3× length; pronotal median base glossy, shallow transverse sculpticells laterally near punctures; metasternum with shallow transverse mesh; laterobasal abdominal ventrites with swirling isodiametric and transverse sculpticells. Coloration of vertex rufobrunneous with piceous cast; antennomeres 1-3 rufoflavous, 4-11 rufobrunneous; pronotal disc rufobrunneous, lateral margins narrowly, and base and apex rufoflavous; proepipleuron rufoflavous, proepisternum rufobrunneous with piceous cast; elytral disc rufobrunneous, sutural interval basally rufous, concolorous on disc, apically rufoflavous; elytral marginal depression rufoflavous outside humerus, concolorous with disc posteriorly; elytral epipleuron rufoflavous, metepisternum rufobrunneous; abdominal ventrites 1-5 rufopiceous medially, rufoflavous laterally, apical ¾ of apical ventrite 6 rufoflavous; metafemur flavous; metatibia rufoflavous.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 3). Aedeagal median lobe very slender immediately distad basal bulb, greatly expanded along dorsal margin of ostial opening, distance from parameral articulation to tip 3.2 × greatest depth (Fig. 153A, C), apex extended as an asymmetrical spoon with blunt ventral projection; median lobe with apex directed rightward in ventral view (Fig. 153B), bulging dorsal margin (Fig. 153A) visible as convex apical prominence in this view; internal sac short, narrow, with broad, diffuse dorsal ostial microtrichial patch near base (Fig. 153C); flagellar plate small, length 0.20 × parameral articulation-tip distance (Fig. 153C).</p><p>Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix broadly columnar with small apical cap, overall length 0.78 mm, cap 0.29 mm broad × 0.17 mm long, shaft breadth 0.43 mm (Fig. 154A); apical cap finely wrinkled, shaft translucent with thick wrinkles; gonocoxite 1 with 3-4 apical fringe setae, a curved seta just basad medioapical angle and 7 smaller setae on medial surface (Fig. 155A); gonocoxite 2 falcate with acuminate tip, basal extension straight, 2 lateral ensiform setae, apical nematiform setae on medial surface at 0.68 × gonocoxite length.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Male (BPBM) labeled: N.W. / Haleakala / VIII-18-37 Maui // 6000 ’–6500’ // Beating / ECZimmerman / Collector // HOLOTYPE / Mecyclothorax / filipoides / Liebherr / det. J.K. Liebherr 2015 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Paratypes.</p><p>54 specimens (see Appendix).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>This species appears not unlike Mecyclothorax filipes (Sharp) of Lāna‘i (Liebherr 2009b), leading to filipoides as the species epithet. The adjectival stem filipes refers to the possession of threadlike feet (Jaeger 1955).</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax filipoides is distributed over a broad range of elevations-1310-1980 m-across the Waikamoi area (Fig. 156). Specimen collections are equally frequent from koa and ‘ōhi‘a, with beetles also associated with rotten Cheirodendron ('ōlapa) trunks. Other collecting events involved beating vegetation at night, sifting litter, or capture in yellow-pan traps.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FE2538D37910C181A265F6AD8511E86E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
89C3619FE41B33AE171813A167E0F8FB.text	89C3619FE41B33AE171813A167E0F8FB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax nanunctus	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(113) Mecyclothorax nanunctus sp. n. Figs 149D, 153 D–J, 154B, 155B, 157</p><p>Diagnosis .</p><p>This species (Fig. 149D) can be separated from all other Mecyclothorax palustris group species based on: 1, uniformly pale body coloration without contrasted elytral lateral margins; 2, presence of two dorsal elytral setae, setal formula 2 1 2 0; and 3, relatively small size; standardized body length 3.9-4.6 mm. Were it to be confused with any other Haleakalā Mecyclothorax, the best candidate for confusion would be Mecyclothorax mauiae (Fig. 68A), as beetles of both species are pale bodied, and the size ranges overlap. Careful attention must be paid to the comparative depth of the sutural and 2nd striae, as this is a major criterion for group membership. Also, the bodies of Mecyclothorax mauiae are broader, with the elytra slightly obovoid; i.e. with the greatest breadth in the anterior half. Conversely Mecyclothorax nanunctus beetles have the elytra more ovoid, with the greatest width in the apical half. The pronotum in Mecyclothorax mauiae is less transverse, though not diagnostically so, and the pronotal lateral depression is narrower with a less explanate margin. The surest arbiter given a male in the series is the male aedeagal median lobe, which in Mecyclothorax nanunctus males is gracile and elongate (Fig. 153 D–J), and in Mecyclothorax mauiae males is short with a broadly rounded apex (Fig. 69). The two species are broadly sympatric (Figs 71, 157), but based on ecological records from the Waikamoi area, Mecyclothorax nanunctus is a species more at home in mesic forest situations dominated by Acacia koa and ‘ōhi‘a ( Metrosideros polymorpha), whereas Mecyclothorax mauiae is found in wet forest situations that are dominated by ‘ōhi‘a but which also include 'ōlapa ( Cheirodendron trigynum).</p><p>Description</p><p>(n = 5). Head capsule with frontal grooves broad for most of length, terminated mesad low convexity mesad anterior supraorbital seta; dorsal impression of neck slightly concave; ocular lobe obtusely protruded from gena, eyes small and moderately convex, ocular ratio = 1.41-1.49, ocular lobe ratio = 0.79-0.84; labral anterior margin shallowly emarginate to 1/8 labral length; antennae filiform; antennomeres 2-3 with sparse pelage of short setae; mentum tooth with sides acute, apex tightly rounded. Pronotum moderately transverse, MPW/PL = 1.18-1.25, base narrowly constricted, MPW/BPW = 1.57-1.68, lateral margins subparallel for 0.1 × pronotal length anterad right hind angles; median base distinctly depressed relative to convex disc, ~19 isolated punctures each side, half of them lining juncture between base and disc; basal margin slightly convex between laterobasal depressions; median longitudinal impression very shallow, middle of disc flat; anterior transverse impression broad, shallow, obsolete medially, crossed by indistinct wrinkles, incised only mesad front angles; anterior callosity slightly convex, crossed by indistinct longitudinal wrinkles; front angles slightly projected, tightly rounded; pronotal apical width greater than basal width, APW/BPW = 1.05-1.09; lateral marginal depression very narrow, slightly wider at front angle, thickly upraised outside laterobasal depression; laterobasal depression narrow, surface irregular, continuous with lateral depression. Proepisternum with 5 minute punctures along hind marginal groove; prosternal process with narrow lateral depression, lateral margins broadly upraised. Elytra convex, disc domed, sides distinctly sloped; basal groove evenly curved to tightly rounded humerus defined by juncture of basal groove and broader lateral marginal depression, MEW/HuW = 2.21-2.34; parascutellar seta present; parascutellar striole with 4 punctures, striole shallow or interrupted between punctures; sutural interval more convex than lateral intervals, sutural juncture upraised; sutural and 2nd striae of similar depth and punctation on disc, sutural stria continuous to base, and finely incised, deep, and smooth apically, whereas 2nd stria is absent from base, shallow and irregularly interrupted apically; discal striae 2-3 shallow, punctate, striae 4-5 very shallow to obsolete, striae 6-7 only shallow isolated punctures, or absent; elytral apex between 2nd and 8th striae uniformly convex; 2 dorsal elytral setae at 0.27 –0.29× and 0.49 –0.51× elytral length, setal impressions small, shallow, spanning ½ width of interval 3; lateral elytral setae arranged in anterior series of 6 setae and a posterior series of 5(6) setae; elytral marginal depression broader at humerus, edge little upturned there, gradually narrowed to bead at subapical sinuation; subapical sinuation shallow, more abruptly incurved anteriorly. Mesepisternum with ~10 punctures in 2-3 rows; metepisternal width to length ratio = 0.68; metepisternum/metepimeron suture distinct. Abdomen with irregular lateral wrinkles on ventrites 1-5, and lateral depressions on ventrites 3-6; suture between ventrites 2 and 3 complete; apical male ventrite with 2 marginal setae and apical female ventrite with 4 equally spaced setae and median trapezoid of 4 subequal, short setae. Legs-metatarsomere 1/metatibial length ratio = 0.19; metatarsomere 4 length along outer lobe 1.2 × medial tarsomere length, apical and subapical setae present; metatarsal dorsolateral sulci broad, shallow, median area subcarinate. Microsculpture of vertex a transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 –3× length; pronotal disc with shallow transverse mesh to transverse lines, glossy in part, median base with shallow transverse mesh between glossy portions; elytral disc with distinct, regular transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 –3× length, apex with less-developed mesh of same dimensions; metasternum with shallow transverse mesh; laterobasal abdominal ventrites with swirling isodiametric and transverse microsculpture. Coloration of vertex rufous; antennomeres 1-3 flavous, 4-11 rufoflavous; pronotal disc rufoflavous, base slightly darker, rufobrunneous; proepipleuron flavous, proepisternum dorsally flavous, ventrally rufoflavous; elytral disc rufobrunneous, sutural interval rufoflavous basally, flavous apically, lateral depression and apex of 8th interval flavous; elytral epipleuron flavous, metepisternum rufoflavous; abdomen with all ventrites medially rufoflavous, marginally flavous, apical half of apical ventrite flavous; metafemur flavous; metatibia flavous with rufoflavous cast.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 9). Aedeagal median lobe slender, elongate, distance from parameral articulation to tip 5.6 –6.0× maximum depth of shaft (Fig. 153 D–E, G, I–J), apex nar rowly extended 3.0 –3.5× depth beyond ostial opening (Fig. 153E, J); median lobe nearly symmetrical in ventral view (Fig. 153F, H), with apex curved leftward to pointed tip in this view; internal sac with well-developed microtrichial field on right-ventral face near base (homologous with dorsal patch?), sac surface otherwise covered with fine microspicules (Fig. 153J); flagellar plate of moderate size, length 0.40 × parameral articulation-tip distance.</p><p>Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix parallel sided, elongate, with slight apical expansion, length 1.06 mm, breadth 0.29 mm (Fig. 154B); bursal walls translucent, thinly wrinkled; gonocoxite 1 with 3-4 apical fringe setae, a small seta near medioapical angle and another ~16 small setae on medial surface (Fig. 155B); gonocoxite 2 falcate with subacuminate apex, lateral margin straight near ensiform setae, terminus of basal extension slightly curved, 2 elongate lateral ensiform setae, apical nematiform setae on medioventral surface at 0.69 × gonocoxite length.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Male (BPBM) labeled: Kipahulu Valley / Maui Camp 2 / 1250 m, 13-17.VIII.67 // N. Wilson / Collector / BISHOP // HOLOTYPE / Mecyclothorax / nanunctus / Liebherr / det. J.K. Liebherr 2015 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Paratypes.</p><p>84 specimens (see Appendix).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>During the initial sorting of specimens for this revision, this species was given the working name "little- unctus ." That name is validated here using the prefixed Latin participle nanunctus, or “small-anointed” (Brown 1956).</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax nanunctus exhibits a bipartite Waikamoi plus eastern Hanawī-Kīpahulu Valley distribution (Fig. 157), with collecting localities ranging 975-1850 m elevation. Nearly all specimens are associated with ‘ōhi‘a, though one specimen was obtaining scraping koa bark. Specimens of this species have also been found in association with Astelia (painiu), and Cibotium ( hāpu‘u), in sifted litter, and by beating ferns and other vegetation at night.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/89C3619FE41B33AE171813A167E0F8FB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
B0CF5CFC8C1DCD91E276C61C8CBA02E9.text	B0CF5CFC8C1DCD91E276C61C8CBA02E9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax unctus (Blackburn)	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(114) Mecyclothorax unctus (Blackburn) Figs 154C, 155C, 158 A–B, 159, 160</p><p>Cyclothorax unctus Blackburn 1881: 227.</p><p>Thriscothorax unctus, Sharp 1903: 257.</p><p>Mecyclothorax unctus, Britton 1948b: 138.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>These beetles exhibit uniformly dark, rufobrunneous to rufopiceous body color (Fig. 158 A–B), with the dorsal surface glossy due to the very transverse microsculpture. They are broad-bodied beetles with pronotum transverse, MPW/PL = 1.22-1.33, and elytra basally broad and subquadrate, MEW/HuW = 2.05-2.19. This breadth of body distinguishes them from the Mecyclothorax palustroides triad (Figs 149B, 158 C–E). Nevertheless, this widely distributed species (Fig. 160) exhibits substantial variation in body size (standardized body length 3.7-5.2 mm), elytral breadth (Fig. 158 A–B), and elytral striation. The discal striae 1-3, 1-4, 1-5, or 1-6 may be traceable by deeply impressed striae medially and linear series of isolated punctures laterally. Setal formula 2 1(2) 2 0; the basal pronotal setae may be present in rare instances (e.g. Fig. 158B).</p><p>Identification</p><p>(n = 5). The eyes are moderately convex, ocular ratio = 1.49-1.52, covering much of the moderately protruded ocular lobes, ocular lobe ratio = 0.77-0.83. The pronotum is distinctly constricted basally, MPW/BPW = 1.57-1.63, with the lateral margins subparallel for a short distance anterad the sharply obtuse hind angle, its obtuseness based on the curved basal margin inside the angle. The depressed pronotal median base is covered with&gt;20 isolated punctures each side, the punctures more elongate at the juncture of base and disc. The elytral apex has striae 1, 2 and 8 always present, and an apical portion of stria 7 may also be present just laterad the apex of stria 2. Microsculpture includes: 1, vertex with indistinct transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 –3× length; 2, pronotal disc and median with indistinct elongate transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 –4× length, to transverse lines not joined into a mesh, the base with glossy areas between areas of microsculpture; 3 elytral disc and apex with distinct, regular transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2 –3× length. The head and pronotal disc are rufobrunneous with a piceous cast, the elytral disc slightly darker rufopiceous with a cupreous reflection. The legs are contrastedly rufoflavous, and in some individuals the femora are covered medially with a piceous cloud.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 24). Aedeagal median lobe variably robust, distance from parameral articulation to tip 3.0 –4.2× depth at midlength (Fig. 159D, K); apex extended 1.3 –2.0× depth beyond ostial opening (Fig. 159L, M); median lobe shaft symmetrical in ventral view, apex offset to right, with convex left margin sinuously adjoining obliquely blunt apex (Fig. 159C, G); internal sac broad, columnar, with variously developed dorsal ostial microtrichial patch (Fig. 159 D–E, H, L), or distinct ventral ostial microtrichial patch (Fig. 159 D–E); flagellar plate moderately sized, length 0.38 –0.47× parameral articulation-tip distance. There is substantial aedeagal variation across the range of this widespread species (Fig. 160). Some of this variation occurs within regions of the mountain: 1, median lobe robustness and length in the Waikamoi area (Fig. 159A, B); 2, breadth of apical extension near Kuiki (Fig. 159 I–J); 3, length of apical extension in Kīpahulu Valley (Fig. 159 K–M). The major pattern involves aedeagi with more well developed ventral ostial microtrichial patches in beetles from Waikamoi versus from localities to the east surrounding Kīpahulu Valley. Further studies of population structure within this geographically disjunct species (Fig. 160) are warranted.</p><p>Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix columnar, parallel sided, length 0.91 mm, breadth 0.34 mm (Fig. 154C); bursal walls translucent, thinly wrinkled; gonocoxite 1 with 3-4 apical fringe setae, 10-11 small setae on medial surface from medioapical angle to base (Fig. 155C); gonocoxite 2 subtriangular, apex subacuminate, base moderately extended laterally, 2 short lateral ensiform setae, apical nematiform setae on medioventral surface at 0.73 × gonocoxite length.</p><p>Lectotype.</p><p>Female (BMNH) hereby designated, labeled: mounting platen with Blackburn Maui label (Zimmerman 1957: 210), unctus (on reverse) // Type // Hawaiian Is. Rev. T. Blackburn 1888-30 // LECTOTYPE Cyclothorax unctus Blackburn J.K. Liebherr 1998 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax unctus exhibits a densely collected bipartite distribution, with specimens known from throughout the Waikamoi area, and disjunctly from Hanawī through the Hāna Bogs and Kīpahulu Valley, plus the Manawainui Planeze and the eastern margin of Haleakalā Crater (Fig. 160). The species exhibits a broad elevational distribution, with Kīpahulu Valley occupied from 915 m elevation to the valley rim at Kuiki at 2285 m elevation. Elevations of occupied habitat in Waikamoi are less disparate, ranging 1210-2060 m, perhaps due to the drier nature of the subalpine habitats along the leeward edge of the volcano. The species may be very abundant in disturbed ground-level situations, such as feral pig rootings, and may occur under rocks along stream margins. It has been recorded repeatedly from microhabitats associated with ‘ōhi‘a-mossy trunks, humus and leaf litter-but never from situations associated with koa . Other plant substrates from which it has been collected include Athyrium fern ('akolea), Leptecophylla (pūkiawe), Rubus ( ‘ākala), and Vaccinium ('ōhelo).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B0CF5CFC8C1DCD91E276C61C8CBA02E9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
AB6AEAEB5B90755C794B2BCDF91975D2.text	AB6AEAEB5B90755C794B2BCDF91975D2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax tauberorum	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(115) Mecyclothorax tauberorum sp. n. Figs 154D, 155D, 158 C–D, 161 A–D, 163</p><p>Diagnosis .</p><p>This is the second species (Fig. 158 C–D), along with Mecyclothorax palustroides (Fig. 149B) and Mecyclothorax pau (Fig. 158E), that comprise a taxonomic triplet characterized by extremely similar external appearance. Individuals of this species exhibit laterally darker elytra, with intervals 8-9 gradually paler to rufobrunneous compared to the rufopiceous disc; a condition shared with Mecyclothorax pau . There may be a broader pale area behind the humerus, but at midlength the lateral intervals 7-8 are indistinctly paler. The pale margin of the elytral apex is narrow, at most extended to a line traversing the subapical sinuations. The pronotal median base appears less depressed relative to the disc due to its less developed punctation, with ~12 small, isolated punctures each side and few or no elongate punctures along the juncture of disc and base. And the elytral microsculpture is an upraised transverse mesh comprising a mixture of isodiametric and transverse sculpticells, their individual surfaces partially upraised so that the surface is alutaceous; a condition shared with Mecyclothorax palustroides . The male aedeagal median lobe is bluntly rounded apically (Fig. 161 A–D). Setal formula 2 1 2 0. Standardized body length 3.9-4.5 mm, diagnostically smaller than the body size of the sympatrically distributed Mecyclothorax palustroides; standardized body length 4.6-5.5 mm.</p><p>Description</p><p>(n = 5). [The above description of Mecyclothorax palustroides can serve to describe this species. All diagnostic characters are presented above, so only the various recorded ratios are presented below.]</p><p>Eyes moderately convex, ocular ratio = 1.48-1.54, ocular lobe ratio = 0.77-0.85. Pronotum slightly transverse, MPW/PL = 1.09-1.21, variably constricted basally, MPW/BPW = 1.52-1.71; pronotal apical width greater than basal width, APW/BPW = 1.07-1.15. Elytra subovoid, MEW/HuW = 2.13-2.35.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 6). Aedeagal median lobe short, squat, distance from parameral articulation to tip 3.2 –3.3× depth at midlength (Fig. 161A, C); apex bluntly rounded and not extended beyond ostial opening; median lobe slightly curved rightward near blunt apex, the right and left margins subparallel in ventral view (Fig. 161B); internal sac with ventral surface densely covered with pelage of shaggy microtrichia (Fig. 161D), the sac only 1.5 × as long as flagellar plate; flagellar plate large, length 0.61 × parameral articulation-tip distance.</p><p>Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix vase shaped, parallel sided with basal constriction, overall length 1.14 mm, midlength breadth 0.40 mm, basal constriction 0.22 mm broad (Fig. 154D): bursal walls translucent, thickly wrinkled; gonocoxite 1 with 4 apical fringe setae and 4 smaller setae on medial surface (Fig. 155D); gonocoxite 2 falcate with narrowly rounded apex, thick basal extension curved at terminus, 2 elongate lateral ensiform setae, apical nematiform setae on medioventral surface at 0.71 × gonocoxite length.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Male (CUIC) dissected and labeled: HI: Maui Haleakala NW / slope Waikamoi Pres. / trans. 3 @ 1700 m el. / 8-V-1991 scraping / ohia w/ moss &amp; dirt // J.K. Liebherr / collector // 1 // Mecyclothorax tauberorum ♂ #5 / det. J.K. Liebherr 2014 // HOLOTYPE / Mecyclothorax / tauberorum / Liebherr / det. J.K. Liebherr 2015 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Paratypes.</p><p>HI: Maui: Koolau For. Res., Waikamoi flume tanks [label Waikamoi N.C.P.], 1275 m el., 31-v-1993, Tauber/Tauber (CUIC, 11); Waikamoi N.C.P., Honomanu drainage, transect 3, Metrosideros with moss, 1700 m el., 13-v-1993 lot 01, Liebherr (CUIC, 1), moss on Metrosideros trunk, 1830-1860 m el., 7-v-1991 lot 09, Kavanaugh (CAS, 1), scraping Metrosideros bark/moss, 1820-1850, 07-v-1991 lot 02, Liebherr (CUIC, 1), scraping Metrosideros humus/moss, 1700 m el., 08-v-1991 lot 03 Liebherr (CUIC, 4).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>This species is named to honor Dr. Catherine A. Tauber and Prof. Maurice J. Tauber for their collegiality and friendship, and for their contributions to Hawaiian entomology, evolutionary biology, and the study of Neuroptera worldwide.</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax tauberorum is known from only three localities; in the Honomanu drainage at 1700 m and 1820-1860 m elevations, and in the Waikamoi drainage at 1275 m elevation (Fig. 163). All specimens have been associated with mossy ‘ōhi‘a trunks, and were collected by scraping bark and moss, or by beating vegetation.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AB6AEAEB5B90755C794B2BCDF91975D2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
DF9F5F68D211A401E9107F0D0A41763C.text	DF9F5F68D211A401E9107F0D0A41763C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecyclothorax pau	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</p><p>(116) Mecyclothorax pau sp. n. Figs 154E, 155E, 158E, 161 E–K, 162, 163</p><p>Diagnosis .</p><p>This (Fig. 158E), the third and last species of the Mecyclothorax palustroides -based triad to be taxonomically treated, is diagnosed by the following combination: 1, lateral elytral intervals as dark or only gradually paler laterally than the disc, a condi tion shared with Mecyclothorax tauberorum (Fig. 158 C–D); 2, pronotal median base distinctly punctate, with ~19 punctures each side, the punctures along the juncture of disc and median base elongate, a condition shared with Mecyclothorax palustroides (Fig. 149B); and 3, elytral microsculpture a shallow transverse mesh, sculpticells a mixture of isodiametric in transverse rows and transverse, breadth 2 × length, with adjacent sculpticells tiled, their surfaces flat, and thus the surface slightly glossy. Setal formula 2 1 2 0. Standardized body length 4.0-5.3 mm.</p><p>Description</p><p>(n = 5). [The above description of Mecyclothorax palustroides can serve to describe this species. All diagnostic characters are presented above, so only the various recorded ratios are presented below.] Eyes moderately convex, ocular ratio = 1.51-1.58, ocular lobe ratio = 0.7.8-0.86. Pronotum slightly transverse, MPW/PL = 1.16-1.21, variably constricted basally, MPW/BPW = 1.59-1.69; pronotal apical width subequal to greater than basal width, APW/BPW = 0.99-1.13. Elytra subovoid, MEW/HuW = 2.19-2.39.</p><p>Male genitalia (n = 43). Aedeagal median lobe variably robust, distance from parameral articulation to tip 4.4 –4.1× depth at midlength (Fig. 161E, I); apex extended 1.6 –2.5× depth beyond ostial opening, the extension narrow to moderately broad (Fig. 161E, H); median lobe shaft straight in ventral view, apex offset to right side with left (dorsal) margin convex (Fig. 161G) and tip bluntly rounded; internal sac variable, either a long curved cylinder (Figs 161H, 162 A–D) or bilobed with a smaller basal lobe and larger apical lobe (Fig. 161I), the sac surface covered with microspicules only; flagellar plate moderately large, length 0.40 × parameral articulation-tip distance in the individual with bilobed sac (Fig. 161I), or large, length 0.54 –0.61× parameral articulation-tip distance in the balance of everted individuals with cylindrical sac (Figs 161H, 162). As the sac length can be assessed in uneverted specimens based on the plate’s shadow in backlit photographs (e.g. 161E, F, J–L), it is concluded that only one dissected male (Fig. 161I) has the bilobed sac condition with the associated small flagellar plate. The individual with the bilobed sac (Fig. 161I; lot 19980511.01, CUIC) was one of two males collected at State Camp on Helele‘ike‘oha Stream. A second male collected at that site (Fig. 161J; lot 19980512.11, NMNH) exhibits the long flagellar plate condition (i.e. plate length 0.55 × parameral articulation-tip distance, Fig. 161J), Cylindrical-sac, large-plate males are also observed to the north of State Camp at Poouli Cabin (Fig. 161F, H), and to east and south in Hāna Bogs and Kīpahulu Valley (Figs 161K, 162 A–B), and on the Manawainui Planeze (Figs 161L, 162 C–D). Because both the cylindrical and bilobed conditions are observed sympatrically at State Camp, they are interpreted as two forms of an infraspecific polymorphism. Various hypotheses for the origin of this polymorphism might include: 1, the bilobed male condition is based on a rare allele primitively shared with the sympatrically distributed Mecyclothorax bilobatus (Fig. 150E, F); or 2, the bilobed male condition is the product of recent hybridization between the sympatric Mecyclothorax pau and Mecyclothorax bilobatus .</p><p>Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix vase shaped, parallel sided with basal constriction just distad vagina, overall length 1.05 mm, midlength breadth 0.43 mm, basal constriction 0.25 mm broad (Fig. 154E): bursal walls translucent, thickly wrinkled; gonocoxite 1 with 4 apical fringe setae, a curved seta at medioapical angle and 9-10 smaller setae on medial surface (Fig. 155E); gonocoxite 2 falcate with acuminate apex, the lateral margin slightly expanded near apex, thick basal extension curved at terminus, 2 elongate lateral ensiform setae, apical nematiform setae on medioventral surface at 0.71 × gonocoxite length.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Male (BPBM) dissected and labeled: Wai Anapanapa / 6600' // Maui, T.H. / VIII-45 // R.L. Mitchell / Coll. // H. St. John / Collector // HOLOTYPE / Mecyclothorax / pau / Liebherr / det. / J.K. Liebherr 2015 (black-margined red label).</p><p>Paratypes.</p><p>278 specimens (see Appendix).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The epithet pau given to this terminal species in the revision is the useful and definitive Hawaiian word for: finished, ended, completed, over, all done, final (Pukui et al. 1975). Given the intense endemism of Haleakalā Mecyclothorax species, there is no doubt that this epithet will be superseded in the future by names of presently undescribed species.</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Mecyclothorax pau is known from an isolated population on the western margin of Ke‘anae Valley (1325 m elevation), and a main massing of populations from Kuhiwa Valley through the Hāna Bogs, Kīpahulu Valley, and the Manawainui Planeze (Fig. 163). The eastern populations occupy habitats 915-2045 m elevation. Nearly all specimens have been collected in association with mossy ‘ōhi‘a, either from trunks or horizontal logs, or by sifting humus and litter from around trees. In a small fraction of collecting events, Cibotium ( hāpu‘u) tree ferns were living on ‘ōhi‘a nurse logs. The beetles may be beaten from ferns at night.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DF9F5F68D211A401E9107F0D0A41763C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liebherr, James K.	Liebherr, James K. (2015): The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1-407, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
