identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03AB0903FFB4FFCFFF5A6056BAE1FDB4.text	03AB0903FFB4FFCFFF5A6056BAE1FDB4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Milichiella Giglio-Tos 1895	<div><p>Key to males of Milichiella</p><p>1. Frons grey with dark spots ................................................................................................................................... 129</p><p>- Frons with different colour pattern ........................................................................................................................... 2</p><p>2. T2 not or only partly silvery microtomentose ........................................................................................................ 60</p><p>- T2 completely silvery microtomentose..................................................................................................................... 3</p><p>3. Ocellar triangle brown or grey microtomentose ..................................................................................................... 34</p><p>- Ocellar triangle shiny or subshiny black................................................................................................................... 4</p><p>4. 1 pprn; halter yellow or black; T5 colour variable ................................................................................................. 15</p><p>- 2 or more pprn; halter black; T5 completely silvery microtomentose...................................................................... 5</p><p>5. Presutural dc present ............................................................................................................................................... 11</p><p>- Presutural dc absent .................................................................................................................................................. 6</p><p>6. 1 prsc .......................................................................................................................................... M. spinthera Hendel</p><p>- 2 prsc ......................................................................................................................................................................... 7</p><p>7. Tip of fore and mid tibiae yellow............................................................................................................................ 10</p><p>- Tibiae completely black ........................................................................................................................................... 8</p><p>8. Calypter brown with dark brown margin ....................................................................................... M. bakeri Aldrich</p><p>- Calypter hyaline with hyaline to medium brown margin ......................................................................................... 9</p><p>9. Mesonotum slightly brown microtomentose, less microtomentose than scutellum (Australasian) ........................... ................................................................................................................................ M. longiseta Hardy &amp; Delfinado</p><p>- Mesonotum brown microtomentose, scutellum same (Afrotropical, Oriental) ............................ M. triangula sp. n.</p><p>10. 2 or more prs; wing white; silvery microtomentum long ................................................... M. argentiventris Hendel</p><p>- 1 prs; wing hyaline; silvery microtomentum short ......................................................................... M. angolae sp. n.</p><p>11. More than 2 prsc ..................................................................................................................................................... 13</p><p>- 2 prsc ....................................................................................................................................................................... 12</p><p>12. 2+1 dc; basitarsi black .......................................................................................................... M. argentea (Fabricius)</p><p>- 3+1 dc; basitarsi yellow ............................................................................................................ M. javana de Meijere</p><p>13. Calypter margin white ................................................................................................................................... M. sp. C</p><p>- Calypter margin dark brown ................................................................................................................................... 14</p><p>14. Mesonotum slightly brown microtomentose; ocellar triangle shiny (Australian) ............... M. weejasperensis sp. n.</p><p>- Mesonotum brown microtomentose; ocellar triangle subshiny (Afrotropical).......................... M. solitaria (Lamb)</p><p>15. Mesonotum brown or slightly brown microtomentose........................................................................................... 26</p><p>- Mesonotum shiny or subshiny black ...................................................................................................................... 16</p><p>16. Halter black............................................................................................................................................................. 22</p><p>- Halter yellow........................................................................................................................................................... 17</p><p>17. Face not protruding; basitarsi completely black; tip of T5 silvery microtomentose or shiny black....................... 20</p><p>- Face protruding or not; mid and hind basitarsus yellowish; tip of T5 shiny black................................................. 18</p><p>18. Face protruding; labellum 1.0–1.4x as long as palpus and up to same length as vertical eye diameter; scutellum shiny black ............................................................................................................................... M. zaiziksensis sp. n.</p><p>- Face protruding or not; labellum length variable; scutellum usually brown microtomentose, if shiny in middle then face not protruding .......................................................................................................................................... 19</p><p>19. Labellum and palpus elongate, labellum about 1.6x as long as palpus and slightly longer than vertical eye diameter; face protruding..................................................................................................................... M. longirostris sp. n.</p><p>- Labellum and palpus not elongate, labellum about as long as palpus; face not protruding ...... M. brevirostris sp. n.</p><p>20. Frons shiny black; apex of R1 with dark spot .......................................................................... M. rugosistyla sp. n.</p><p>- Frons dull brown or black; apex of R1 without dark spot ...................................................................................... 21</p><p>21. Wing white; M-ratio less than 1.9................................................................................................. M. arcuata (Loew)</p><p>- Wing hyaline; M-ratio more than 2.5................................................................................................ M. variata sp. n.</p><p>22. Tibiae completely black; posterior eye margin with narrow to medium notch (3–6om) ....................................... 24</p><p>- At least tip of fore and mid tibia yellow; posterior eye margin without or with narrow notch (2om) ................... 23</p><p>23. Posterior eye margin without notch but with emargination; silvery microtomentum on tergites extremely long and in rows ......................................................................................................................................... M. cochiseae sp. n.</p><p>- Posterior eye margin with narrow notch (2om) and no emargination; silvery microtomentum on tergites short and not in rows ................................................................................................................................................... M. sp. H.</p><p>24. Calypter margin dark brown; T5 completely silvery microtomentose (Australian) .................. M. nigripes Malloch</p><p>- Calypter margin hyaline or white; T5 silvery microtomentose except for black tip (Nearctic, Neotropical) ........ 25</p><p>25. Basitarsi black; silvery microtomentum on tergites long and in rows ......................................... M. faviformis sp. n.</p><p>- Basitarsi yellow; silvery microtomentum on tergites short and not in rows ................................... M. virginae sp. n.</p><p>26. Tibiae completely black .......................................................................................................................................... 29 - At least tip of fore tibia yellow ............................................................................................................................... 27</p><p>27. Posterior orbital seta absent; T5 completely silvery microtomentose (Afrotropical) ......... M. argentiventris Hendel</p><p>- Small posterior orbital seta present; T5 silvery microtomentose except for brown tip (Nearctic, Neotropical).... 28</p><p>28. Pleuron silvery grey microtomentose on dorsal half; calypter margin yellow; halter yellow .... M. villarricae sp. n.</p><p>- Pleuron brown or slightly brown microtomentose; calypter margin dark brown; halter black ...................... M. sp. I</p><p>29. 2 or more prs; halter black (Australasian, Oriental, Palaearctic) ............................................................................ 31</p><p>- 1 prs; halter black or yellow (Neotropical) ............................................................................................................. 30</p><p>30. Basoflagellomere completely black; ground colour of male T2–4 black ........................................ M. mathisi sp. n.</p><p>- Basoflagellomere basomedially yellow or red; ground colour of male T2–4 yellow ................ M. flaviventris sp. n.</p><p>31. Basitarsi completely black ............................................................................................................................ M. sp. A</p><p>- Basitarsi yellowish or brown .................................................................................................................................. 32</p><p>32. Calypter margin light brown ................................................................................................ M. argyrogaster (Perris)</p><p>- Calypter margin dark brown ................................................................................................................................... 33</p><p>33. Mesonotum and scutellum brown microtomentose ...................................................................................... M. sp. B</p><p>- Mesonotum slightly brown microtomentose, less microtomentose than scutellum ...................... M. ugandae sp. n.</p><p>34. Mesonotum brown, slightly brown or brown microtomentose with grey anterior margin; halter black................ 43</p><p>- Mesonotum completely or partly silvery or grey microtomentose, but not brown microtomentose with grey anterior margin; halter yellow or black.......................................................................................................................... 35</p><p>35. Frons completely grey or grey with median brown stripe ...................................................................................... 38</p><p>- Frons mainly brown, sometimes greyish anteriorly................................................................................................ 36</p><p>36. Mesonotum grey microtomentose ................................................................................................................ M. sp. O</p><p>- Mesonotum anteriorly brown, posteriorly silvery microtomentose........................................................................ 37</p><p>37. Wing brown ............................................................................................................................ M. argenteidorsa sp. n.</p><p>- Wing hyaline ...................................................................................................................... M. sumptuosa de Meijere</p><p>38. Halter black............................................................................................................................................................. 41</p><p>- Halter yellow........................................................................................................................................................... 39</p><p>39. Calypter and wing hyaline; tip of tibiae yellow ............................................................................................ M. sp. G</p><p>- Calypter and wing white; tibiae completely black.................................................................................................. 40</p><p>40. Posterior orbital seta present; basoflagellomere completely black; palpus black........................ M. urbana Malloch</p><p>- Posterior orbital seta absent; basoflagellomere basomedially yellow or red; palpus yellow M. cinerea (Coquillett)</p><p>41. Posterior orbital seta present; basoflagellomere completely black ................................................................ M. sp. P</p><p>- Posterior orbital seta absent; basoflagellomere basomedially yellow or red.......................................................... 42</p><p>42. Fore coxa and basitarsi black; wing white ..................................................................................... M. cavernae sp. n.</p><p>- Fore coxa and basitarsi yellow; wing hyaline ................................................................................................M. sp. F</p><p>43. T5 completely silvery microtomentose................................................................................................................... 52</p><p>- T5 anteriorly silvery microtomentose, posteriorly brown with tip sometimes shiny or subshiny.......................... 44</p><p>44. Mid tibia completely black; seta between posterior dc and prsc usually present, if absent than wing with slight brownish tinge......................................................................................................................................................... 48</p><p>- At least tip of mid tibia yellow; seta between posterior dc and prsc usually absent, if present than only 2 dc...... 45</p><p>45. 1 prsc....................................................................................................................................................................... 47</p><p>- 2 or more prsc ......................................................................................................................................................... 46</p><p>46. 1 prs; 3 prsc ..................................................................................................................................... M. lasuizae sp. n.</p><p>- 2 prs; 2 prsc ................................................................................................................................. M. dominicae sp. n.</p><p>47. Basoflagellomere and arista relatively long pubescent; 3+1 dc ........................................................... M. rufa sp. n.</p><p>- Basoflagellomere and arista normal pubescent; 2 dc ....................................................... M. dimidiata (Wiedemann)</p><p>48. Basitarsi black......................................................................................................................................................... 50</p><p>- Basitarsi yellowish .................................................................................................................................................. 49</p><p>49. Calypter margin light brown ............................................................................................................. M. sculpta sp. n.</p><p>- Calypter margin dark brown ................................................................................................... M. nudiventris Becker</p><p>50. Basoflagellomere basomedially red ............................................................................................ M. plaumanni sp. n.</p><p>- Basoflagellomere black........................................................................................................................................... 51</p><p>51. Mesonotum with few setulae; pubescence on arista about as long as base of arista wide ................. M. rutila sp. n.</p><p>- Mesonotum with normal setulae; pubescence on arista shorter than base of arista wide ..........M. sp. M &amp; M. sp. N</p><p>52. Calypter margin darker, not white .......................................................................................................................... 54 - Calypter margin white............................................................................................................................................. 53</p><p>53. Tibiae and basitarsi black ..................................................................................................................... M. tosi Becker</p><p>- Tip of fore and mid tibia, and all basitarsi yellow .............................................................. M. unicolor (de Meijere)</p><p>54. 1 prsc....................................................................................................................................................................... 57</p><p>- 2 prsc ....................................................................................................................................................................... 55</p><p>55. Posterior orbital seta absent; frontal setae proclinate; frons narrowest in middle ...................... M. proclinata sp. n.</p><p>- Posterior orbital seta present; frontal setae medioclinate; frons narrowest anteriorly............................................ 56</p><p>56. 3+1 dc ........................................................................................................................................ M. bruneiensis sp. n.</p><p>- 2 dc ....................................................................................................................................................... M. inbio sp. n.</p><p>57. Posterior orbital seta present; mesonotum brown microtomentose with grey anterior margin .................................. ................................................................................................................................................. M. anterogrisea sp. n.</p><p>- Posterior orbital seta present or absent; mesonotum completely brown microtomentose...................................... 58</p><p>58. 2 pprn ........................................................................................................................................ M. parva (Macquart)</p><p>- 1 pprn ...................................................................................................................................................................... 59</p><p>59. Frontal plates greyish microtomentose; posterolateral corners of S5 developed into shiny lappets with long setae. ...................................................................................................................................................... M. aldabrae sp. n.</p><p>- Frontal plates brown microtomentose; S5 without shiny lappets ................................................. M. formosae sp. n.</p><p>60. T2 partly silvery microtomentose ......................................................................................................................... 106</p><p>- T2 without silvery microtomentum ........................................................................................................................ 61</p><p>61. Halter black............................................................................................................................................................. 73</p><p>- Halter yellow........................................................................................................................................................... 62</p><p>62. Posterior eye margin without notch but sometimes with narrow emargination ..................................................... 68</p><p>- Posterior eye margin with narrow to wide notch .................................................................................................... 63</p><p>63. Fore basitarsus black; mesonotum shiny to fully microtomentose......................................................................... 66</p><p>- Fore basitarsus yellow; mesonotum slightly or fully microtomentose, not shiny .................................................. 64</p><p>64. Calypter margin hyaline ........................................................................................................... M. jamaicensis sp. n.</p><p>- Calypter margin dark brown .................................................................................................................................. 65</p><p>65. Mesonotum brown microtomentose with grey anterior margin .......................................... M. novateutoniae sp. n.</p><p>- Mesonotum brown or slightly brown microtomentose ...................................................................... M. tristis Lamb</p><p>66. T3–5 anteriorly with silvery microtomentum .................................................................................... M. striata sp. n.</p><p>- T3–5 without silvery microtomentum .................................................................................................................... 67</p><p>67. Ocellar triangle shiny; mesonotum shiny black ..................................................................... M. lacteipennis (Loew)</p><p>- Ocellar triangle brown microtomentose; mesonotum brown microtomentose ............................ M. aeroplana sp. n.</p><p>68. Lower (middle) frontal seta medioclinate; posterior eye margin with narrow emargination on ventral half........ 71</p><p>- Lower (middle) frontal seta medioreclinate; posterior eye margin gradually separating from headmargin ventrally ................................................................................................................................................................................ 69</p><p>69. 3 dc; mesonotum slightly brown microtomentose ...................................................................... M. pachycerei sp. n.</p><p>- 2 dc; mesonotum subshiny...................................................................................................................................... 70</p><p>70. Basoflagellomere basomedially yellowish; palpus and basitarsi yellowish ......................... M. santacatalinae sp. n.</p><p>- Basoflagellomere completely black; palpus and basitarsi black ................................................... M. mexicana sp. n.</p><p>71. Mesonotum grey and brown microtomentose; T5 grey or brown microtomentose................................................ 72</p><p>- Mesonotum subshiny black; T5 subshiny anteriorly, shiny black posteriorly ................................ M. hendeli Brake</p><p>72. Mesonotum grey microtomentose with more or less visible and extended brown stripes ...........................M. sp. L</p><p>- Mesonotum anterior margin grey, posteriorly brown microtomentose .................................... M. flavilunulae sp. n.</p><p>73. 1–2 postsutural dc .................................................................................................................................................. 87</p><p>- 3–5 postsutural dc ................................................................................................................................................... 74</p><p>74. Calypter margin dark brown ................................................................................................................................... 80</p><p>- Calypter margin hyaline or white to light brown.................................................................................................... 75</p><p>75. Frons shiny black .................................................................................................................................................... 78</p><p>- Frons dull brown or black ...................................................................................................................................... 76</p><p>76. T5 silvery grey microtomentose except for brown anterior margin ...................................... M. quintargentea sp. n.</p><p>- T5 brown microtomentose with shiny tip ............................................................................................................... 77</p><p>77. S5 more densely setulose and setulae longer (Pl. 2H); shape of surstylus as in Pl. 1B ................. M. opuntiae sp. n.</p><p>- S5 less setulose and setulae shorter (Pl. 2G); shape of surstylus as in Pl. 2A ...................... M. pseudopuntiae sp. n. 78. 1 prs; base of tibiae yellow ......................................................................................................... M. pachycerei sp. n.</p><p>- 2 or more prs; tibiae completely black.................................................................................................................... 79</p><p>79. Basoflagellomere black; scutellum slightly brown microtomentose...................................... M. aethiops (Malloch)</p><p>- Basoflagellomere basomedially yellow; scutellum brown microtomentose ................................... M. peyotei sp. n.</p><p>80. T5 without grey or silvery microtomentum ............................................................................................................ 85</p><p>- T5 partly or completely grey or silvery microtomentose....................................................................................... 81</p><p>81. T5 brown microtomentose with paired posterolateral silvery or grey spots .......................................................... 84</p><p>- T5 completely or anteriorly silvery microtomentose ............................................................................................ 82</p><p>82. Ocellar triangle brown microtomentose; T3–5 completely silvery microtomentose ......................... M. mollis sp. n.</p><p>- Ocellar triangle subshiny black; T3–5 anteriorly silvery, posteriorly brown microtomentose, tip of T5 sometimes shiny ........................................................................................................................................................................ 83</p><p>83. Anterior margin of wing slightly brownish; tip of T5 brown microtomentose ............................ M. christmas sp. n.</p><p>- Wing completely hyaline; tip of T5 shiny .................................................................................................... M. sp. D</p><p>84. Wing with parallel R 4+5 and M .................................................................................................... M. breviarista sp. n.</p><p>- Wing with strongly convergent R 4+5 and M ................................................................................... M. conventa sp. n.</p><p>85. Posterior orbital seta present; wing hyaline (Nearctic) ................................................................ M. chocolata sp. n.</p><p>- Posterior orbital seta absent; wing partly or completely brownish or brown (Australian)..................................... 86</p><p>86. Posterior eye margin with medium notch; 1 prsc ....................................................................... M. multisetae sp. n.</p><p>- Posterior eye margin with notch absent; 3+1 prsc .............................................................................. M. badia sp. n.</p><p>87. Ocellar triangle brown microtomentose; frons not strikingly silvery or grey from anterior view ....................... 100</p><p>- Ocellar triangle shiny or subshiny black; if slightly microtomentose than frons black from posterior view but strikingly silvery or grey from anterior view .......................................................................................................... 88</p><p>88. Calypter margin dark brown ................................................................................................................................... 95</p><p>- Calypter margin hyaline, or white to light brown................................................................................................... 89</p><p>89. Posterior prescutellar seta less than 0.8x as long as posterior dorsocentral seta .................................................... 93</p><p>- Posterior prescutellar seta about as long as posterior dorsocentral seta ................................................................. 90</p><p>90. Posterior eye margin without notch, gradually separating from head margin ventrally; frons shiny black ............... ................................................................................................................................................ M. aethiops (Malloch)</p><p>- Posterior eye margin with notch and emargination parallel to head margin; frons brown or subshiny black........ 91</p><p>91. T5 silvery microtomentose except for brown anterior margin .............................................. M. quintargentea sp. n.</p><p>- T5 without silvery microtomentum ........................................................................................................................ 92</p><p>92. Mesonotum slightly brown microtomentose; 1 prsc; 1 pprn ................................................ M. iberica Carles-Tolrá</p><p>- Mesonotum brown microtomentose; 2 prsc; 2 pprn ......................................................................................M. sp. E</p><p>93. Mesonotum brown microtomentose except for grey anterior margin ........................................ M. argentinae sp. n.</p><p>- Mesonotum slightly brown microtomentose or subshiny ....................................................................................... 94</p><p>94. Frons black from posterior view but strikingly silvery or grey from anterior view ............ M. abditoargentea sp. n.</p><p>- Frons dull brown or black ........................................................................................................... M. aberrata Becker</p><p>95. Mesonotum shiny or subshiny black ...................................................................................................................... 98</p><p>- Mesonotum brown or slightly brown microtomentose........................................................................................... 96</p><p>96. T5 brown microtomentose except for posterolateral silvery spots ......................................... M. bimaculata Becker</p><p>- T5 colour pattern different ..................................................................................................................................... 97</p><p>97. T5 silvery microtomentose with brown microtomentose tip .................................................. M. sterkstrooma sp. n.</p><p>- T5 brown microtomentose with shiny tip ........................................................................... M. pseudodectes (Séguy)</p><p>98. Mesonotum shiny black with metallic blue green sheen .............................................................. M. metallica sp. n.</p><p>- Mesonotum shiny or subshiny black without metallic blue green sheen ............................................................... 99</p><p>99. 1 dc; brown spot at apex of vein R1 present .......................................................................... M. maculatiradii sp. n.</p><p>- 2+1 dc; brown spot at apex of vein R1 absent ...................................................................... M. bermaguiensis sp. n.</p><p>100. Mesonotum brown microtomentose with grey or greyish anterior margin or half............................................... 104</p><p>- Mesonotum completely brown microtomentose................................................................................................... 101</p><p>101. T5 partly silvery microtomentose ......................................................................................................................... 103</p><p>- T5 without silvery microtomentum ...................................................................................................................... 102</p><p>102. Posterior orbital seta present; calypter margin brown ............................................................... M. fusciventris sp. n.</p><p>- Posterior orbital seta absent; calypter margin hyaline ...................................................... M. madagascarensis sp. n.</p><p>103. 2+1 dc; T5 brown microtomentose with paired silvery microtomentose posterolateral spots ..... M. velutina Becker - 2 dc; T5 anteriorly silvery microtomentose, middle brown microtomentose and tip shiny or subshiny.................... ................................................................................................................................................... M. cingulata Becker</p><p>104. T5 brown microtomentose with paired grey microtomentose posterolateral spots ....................... M. acantha sp. n.</p><p>- T5 without grey or silvery microtomentum ......................................................................................................... 105</p><p>105. Calypter margin brown ........................................................................................................ M. novateutoniae sp. n.</p><p>- Calypter margin hyaline .............................................................................................................. M. argentinae sp. n.</p><p>106. Ocellar triangle shiny or subshiny black............................................................................................................... 116</p><p>- Ocellar triangle brown or slightly brown microtomentose................................................................................... 107</p><p>107. 2 postsutural dc .................................................................................................................................................... 113</p><p>- 3 postsutural dc .................................................................................................................................................... 108</p><p>108. T5 anteriorly silvery microtomentose, middle black, tip bluish or silvery white ................................................. 111</p><p>- T5 completely silvery microtomentose or with (sub)shiny black tip ................................................................... 109</p><p>109. Posterior orbital seta present; 1 prs; calypter margin light brown ................................................. M. chilensis sp. n.</p><p>- Posterior orbital seta absent; 2 or more prs; calypter margin dark brown ............................................................ 110</p><p>110. T3–4 completely silvery microtomentose ................................................................................ M. booloombae sp. n.</p><p>- T3–4 anteriorly silvery, posteriorly brown microtomentose ........................................................ M. cooloolae sp. n.</p><p>111. T3–4 anteriorly silvery, posteriorly brown microtomentose ..................................................... M. frontalis (Becker)</p><p>- T3–4 completely silvery microtomentose............................................................................................................. 112</p><p>112. T2 silvery microtomentose except for brown black anterior margin and brown elongation of triangle .................... .................................................................................................................................................. M. concava (Becker)</p><p>- T2 brown microtomentose except for silvery posterior margin and lateral sides .................... M. montana (Becker)</p><p>113. Basitarsi yellowish; 2 prsc .................................................................................................................................... 115</p><p>- Basitarsi black; 1–4 prsc ....................................................................................................................................... 114</p><p>114. Mesonotum brown microtomentose with grey posteromedial spot ....................................... M. griseomacula sp. n.</p><p>- Mesonotum completely brown microtomentose ...........................................................................................M. sp. M</p><p>115. 3 evenly spaced dc; 2 or more prs ...................................................................................................... M. triseta sp. n.</p><p>- 2 dc; 1 prs ..................................................................................................................................... M. turrialbae sp. n.</p><p>116. Halter black; T3–4 anteriorly silvery, posteriorly brown microtomentose........................................................... 125</p><p>- Halter black or yellow; T3–4 colour pattern different, if same then halter yellow .............................................. 117</p><p>117. Halter yellow; T2 brown microtomentose with silvery posterolateral corner ...................................................... 124</p><p>- Halter black; T2 colour pattern usually different ................................................................................................ 118</p><p>118. 2 or more prsc; 2 or more pprn ............................................................................................................................. 122</p><p>- 0–2 prsc; 1 pprn .................................................................................................................................................... 119</p><p>119. T3–4 silvery microtomentose except for row of black dots at posterior margin .............. M. poecilogastra (Becker)</p><p>- T3–4 with different colour pattern ....................................................................................................................... 120</p><p>120. 1 prs; calypter margin white ........................................................................................................ M. tricincta Becker</p><p>- 1, 2 or more prs; calypter margin brown............................................................................................................... 121</p><p>121. Frons dull brown or black; 2 or more prs; T3–4 completely silvery microtomentose ........................ M. tiefii (Mik)</p><p>- Frons shiny; 1 prs; T3–4 shiny black except for silvery microtomentose anterior margin ......... M. boliviana sp. n.</p><p>122. 3+1 dc; basitarsi black .................................................................................................................................. M. sp. C</p><p>- 2 or 2+1 dc; basitarsi yellowish ........................................................................................................................... 123</p><p>123. 2+1 dc; mesonotum slightly brown microtomentose (Australian) ...................................... M. lacteiventris Malloch</p><p>- 2 dc; mesonotum brown microtomentose (Oriental) ...................................................................... M. asiatica sp. n.</p><p>124. Mesonotum shiny black except for anterior and posterior margin, scutellum and pleuron slightly brown microtomentose .................................................................................................................................... M. lucidula Becker</p><p>- Mesonotum brown microtomentose (sometimes only slightly), scutellum same, pleuron slightly grey white microtomentose ......................................................................................................................... M. argenteocincta Johnson</p><p>125. Mesonotum subshiny to shiny black ............................................................................................. M. mojingae sp. n.</p><p>- Mesonotum brown or slightly brown microtomentose ....................................................................................... 126</p><p>126. T5 silvery microtomentose with brown tip ............................................................................... M. circularis Aldrich</p><p>- T5 completely silvery microtomentose................................................................................................................. 127</p><p>127. 2+1 dc .................................................................................................................................. M. lacteiventris Malloch</p><p>- 3+1 dc .................................................................................................................................................................. 128</p><p>128. 2 prsc .............................................................................................................................. M. nigeriae nigeriae (Duda)</p><p>- 3+1 prsc .............................................................................................................. M. nigeriae acrosticalis (Sabrosky)</p><p>129. Halter yellow......................................................................................................................................................... 133</p><p>- Halter black........................................................................................................................................................... 130</p><p>130. Mesonotum brown microtomentose ...............................................................................................................M. sp. J</p><p>- Mesonotum grey microtomentose with dark spots at bases of setae or with brown longitudinal stripes............. 131</p><p>131. Face silvery grey microtomentose; 3 prsc; anterior margin of the wing brown .................................. M. bella sp. n.</p><p>- Face greyish microtomentose; 3 or 3+1 prsc; wing hyaline ................................................................................. 132</p><p>132. Bases of tibiae narrowly yellow; 3+1 prsc ..................................................................................... M. punctata sp. n.</p><p>- Tibiae completely black; 3 prsc .................................................................................................................... M. sp. K</p><p>133. Posterior eye margin with wide notch (8om) and narrow emargination; T2–5 silvery microtomentose ................... ..................................................................................................................................................... M. urbana Malloch</p><p>- Posterior eye margin without notch but with emargination (2–3om); T2–4 brown microtomentose except for grey sides, T5 grey microtomentose ......................................................................................................................M. sp. L</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AB0903FFB4FFCFFF5A6056BAE1FDB4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Brake, Irina	Brake, Irina (2009): Revision of Milichiella Giglio-Tos (Diptera, Milichiidae) 2188. Zootaxa 2188 (1): 1-166, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2188.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2188.1.1
03AB0903FFAEFFC6FF5A65CCBA55FEA9.text	03AB0903FFAEFFC6FF5A65CCBA55FEA9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Milichiella aethiops (Malloch 1913) Brake 2009	<div><p>aethiops -group</p><p>Species in the aethiops -group are characterized by the combination of posterior orbital seta absent, lower frontal seta medioreclinate, posterior eye margin without notch but gradually separating from head margin ventrally, abdominal triangle absent or weak, male T2–4 brown microtomentose and with or without shiny posterolateral corners, T5 usually brown microtomentose with shiny tip, S5 roughly rectangular.</p><p>Distribution: New World.</p><p>Milichiella aethiops (Malloch, 1913), comb. nov. (Pl. 1B, F)</p><p>Milichia aethiops Malloch, 1913b: 133 . UNITED STATES. Texas: Harlingen. HT ♂ USNM. Malloch 1913b: 133 [reared from wild tuber]; Sabrosky 1965: 732 [Nearctic catalogue], 1973: 4 [Neotropical catalogue]; Poole 1996: 178 [Nearctic checklist].</p><p>Diagnosis. Differs from other members of the aethiops -group in the shiny black mesonotum.</p><p>Description. Body length: 2.5 mm; wing length: 2.4 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny to shiny black, ocellar triangle subshiny, orbital plates shiny black, lunule brown, basoflagellomere black, face silvery grey microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum shiny black, scutellum and pleuron slightly brown microtomentose, except for shiny spot on an- and katepisternum, wing hyaline, veins yellow, brown spot at apex of vein R1 absent, calypter white, halter black, legs black; abdomen with T2–4 brown microtomentose except for shiny posterolateral corners, T5 shiny black except for microtomentose anterior margin. Female coloration and vestiture: face brown, halter yellow, abdomen with T2–4 brown microtomentose, T5 shiny.</p><p>Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2+0.6+0.6 frontal setae, middle frontal seta medioreclinate. In males frons 1.8x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 3.1x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin without notch, gradually separating from head margin ventrally.</p><p>Thorax: 2 (var.: 3+1) dc, 1 prsc, 1 pprn, 1+0.7 prs and row of short setae, 2+0.8 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc present. Wing with veins R 4+5 and M convergent (1.7–2.7), M-ratio is 2.2. Fore femur normal setulose, tibial organ absent.</p><p>Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T1 into T2 weak. Tergal chaetotaxy: T2 anterolateral corner with more than 3 lines of setae, T2–5 setulose. S5 about 1.2x as long as wide, 1.4x as long and 0.9x as wide as S4, roughly rectangular with posterior margin indented, posterior 3/4 setulose (Pl. 1F). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus as long as longest epandrial seta, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.7x as long as epandrium high, slightly dilated posteroapically (1.4x), 2.5x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface without setulae but with relatively strong sensilla along margin, except for bare posteroapical part (Pl. 1B).</p><p>Special characters: one shorter prs anterior to main prs.</p><p>Holotype, ♂: UNITED STATES. Texas: Cameron Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-97.6833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.1833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -97.6833/lat 26.1833)">Harlingen</a> (26°10'59.88"N 97°40'59.88"W), 8.iv.1909, McMillan &amp; Marsh (USNM, 3216375), in good condition, abdomen dissected.</p><p>Paratypes, same data as HT but 2.iii.1909 (♀ USNM, 3216378), 12.iii.1909 (♀ USNM, 3216376), 26.iii.1909 (♀ USNM, 3216377) .</p><p>Pl. 1: A–C. Male genitalia, lateral view. A. Milichiella pachycerei; B. M. aethiops; C. M. mexicana, HT. D. M. pachycerei, surstylus. E–G. Male sternite 4–5. E. M. pachycerei; F. M. aethiops, HT; G. M. mexicana, HT. Abbreviations: ce—cercus, ep—epandrium, hyp—hypandrium, phap—phallapodeme, preg—pregonite, sur—surstylus. Scale bar: 0.1.</p><p>Additional material examined (USNM unless otherwise stated): MEXICO. Baja California Sur: Isla Espiritu Santo (24°30'0"N 110°22'.12"W), 23.iii.1953, Arnaud (♂, 3216381) ; Queretaro: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.3833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.6333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.3833/lat 20.6333)">12.9 km E Queretaro</a> (20°37'59.88"N 100°22'59.88"E), 20.vi.1960, Ryckman et al. (11 ♂ USNM, BMNH, 3216384–94) ; UNITED STATES. Arizona: Cochise Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-110.3&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.4333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -110.3/lat 31.4333)">Ramsey Cany</a> (31°25'59.88"N 110°18'0"W), 15.vi.1951 (♂, 3216380) . Florida: Levy Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-83.0333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.1333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -83.0333/lat 29.1333)">Cedar Key</a> (29°7'59.88"N 83°1'59.88"W), 12.v.1970, Bailey (♂, 3219017) . Georgia: Clarke Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-83.35&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.9" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -83.35/lat 33.9)">Whitehall</a> (33°54'0"N 83°21'0"W), 19.viii.1971, Wallace (♂, 3219016) . New Mexico: Grant Co., Gila National Forest, near Lake Roberts (33°1'59.88"N 108°10'.12"W), 28.v.–5.vi.1991, Swann (♂ DEBU, 3217647). Texas: Brewster Co., 1.6 km W Lajitas (29°15'0"N 103°46'.12"W), 23–30.iv.1963 (♂, 3216379); Culberson Co., Guadalupe Mountains (31°54'0"N 104°52'.12"W), 29.vi.1951, Wheeler (♂, 3219015) . Utah: Emery Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-110.15&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.9833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -110.15/lat 38.9833)">Green River</a> (38°58'59.88"N 110°9'0"W), 21.v.1983, Knowlton (♂, 3219014) ; Washington Co., Zion National Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-112.9833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.25" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -112.9833/lat 37.25)">Birch Creek</a> (37°15'0"N 112°58'59.88"W), 27.vii.1965, Hanson (♀, 3219033) . Washington: Asotin Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-117.0333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.333298" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -117.0333/lat 46.333298)">Asotin Creek</a>, 800 m (46°19'59.88"N 117°1'59.88"W), 11.v.1924, Melander (2 ♂, 3219018–9) .</p><p>Material near Milichiella aethiops: MEXICO. Zacatecas: 15 km E Sombrerete (23°37'59.88"N 103°40'.12"W), 28–31.vii.1951, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-104.85&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.8833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -104.85/lat 31.8833)">Hurd</a> (♀ USNM, 3216383); UNITED STATES. Texas: Culberson Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-104.85&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.8833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -104.85/lat 31.8833)">Guadalupe Mountains National Park</a>, Williams Ranch (31°52'59.88"N 104°51'0"W), 27.viii.1976, Foster (♂ USNM, 3216382) .</p><p>Material of questionable identity: MEXICO. Zacatecas: 15 km E Sombrerete (23°37'59.88"N 103°40'.12"W), 30.vii.1951, Hurd (♂ USNM, 3218742); UNITED STATES. Texas: Brewster Co., Big Bend N.P., Nine Point Draw, 914 m (29°30'0"N 103°31'.12"W), 20.v.1959, Mason (♀ USNM, 3218107) .</p><p>Distribution: North America from Washington State to Georgia, south to middle Mexico and Florida.</p><p>Remarks. The holotype and several other specimens have 2 dc, but there is a series of specimens from Mexico with 3+1 dc. Milichiella aethiops was reared from wild tuber and cactus. Specimens were collected in dry stream beds and by using Malaise traps.</p><p>Milichiella mexicana Brake, sp. n. (Pl. 1C, G)</p><p>Diagnosis. Differs from other members of the aethiops -group in the combination of subshiny mesonotum, yellow halter and black legs.</p><p>Description. Body length: 1.9 mm; wing length: 2.0 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates slightly brown microtomentose with a shiny spot posteriorly on orbital plate, lunule brown, basoflagellomere black, face greyish microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum subshiny (very slightly brown microtomentose), scutellum and pleuron slightly brown microtomentose except for shiny spot on an- and katepisternum, wing hyaline, veins brown, brown spot at apex of vein R1 absent, calypter white, halter yellow, legs black; abdomen with T2–4 brown microtomentose except for shiny posterolateral corners, T5 shiny black except for microtomentose anterior margin. Female coloration and vestiture: halter yellow, abdomen with T1–4 brown microtomentose dorsally, T5 shiny.</p><p>Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta medioreclinate. In males frons 1.6x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 2.6x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin without notch, gradually separating from head margin ventrally.</p><p>Thorax: 2 dc, 1 prsc, 1 pprn, 1+0.6 prs, 1+0.8 keps setae, posterior prsc less than 0.8x as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc absent. Wing with veins R 4+5 and M convergent (2.0); M-ratio is 2.2. Fore femur normal setulose, tibial organ absent.</p><p>Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T1 into T2 weak. Tergal chaetotaxy: T2 anterolateral corner with 2–3 lines of setae, T2–5 setulose. S5 about 1.1x as long as wide, roughly rectangular with posterior margin indented, posterior 2/3 setulose (Pl. 1G). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus shorter than longest epandrial seta, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus as long as epandrium high, dilated posteroapically (1.6x) bent anteriorly, about 3.4x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface without setulae (Pl. 1C).</p><p>Special characters: setae on lunule longer than interfrontal setulae.</p><p>Holotype, ♂: MEXICO. Queretaro: 12.9 km E <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.3833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.6333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.3833/lat 20.6333)">Queretaro</a> (20°37'59.88"N 100°22'59.88"E), 3.viii.1960, Ryckman, Ryckman &amp; Christianson (USNM, 3217258), in good condition, abdomen dissected.</p><p>Paratypes, same data as HT (7 ♂ 3♀ USNM, 3217256–7, 3218514, 3218526–32), 20.vi.1960 (2 ♂ 8♀ USNM, 3218540–1, 3218558–65); MEXICO. Durango: 149.7 km N Durango City (24°1'.12" N 104°40'.12"W), 18.vi.1960, Ryckman et al. (♀ USNM, 3218573) . Sonora: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-110.9&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.983301" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -110.9/lat 27.983301)">20.9 km N Guaymas</a> (27°58'59.88"N 110°54'0"W), 29.vi.1960, Ryckman et al. (2♀ USNM, 3218571–2) ; 6.4 km E Navojoa (27°4'.12" N 109°28'.12"W), 24.vi.1960, Ryckman et al. (13 ♂ 6♀ USNM, BMNH, CNC, 3218533, 3218542–4, 3218546–54, 3218566–70, 3218845) .</p><p>Additional material examined (all: Ryckman et al.): MEXICO. Queretaro: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-100.3833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.6333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -100.3833/lat 20.6333)">16.1 km W Queretaro</a> (20°37'59.88"N 100°22'59.88"W), 20.vi.1960 (♀ USNM, 3218896) ; 12.9 km E <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.3833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.6333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.3833/lat 20.6333)">Queretaro</a> (20°37'59.88"N 100°22'59.88"E), 20.vi.1960 (7♀ USNM, BMNH, 3218884–90), 3.viii.1960 (4 ♂ 10♀ USNM, CNC, 3217259–60, 3217262–4, 3218848–51, 3218891–5) . Sonora: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-110.9&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.983301" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -110.9/lat 27.983301)">20.9 km N Guaymas</a> (27°58'59.88"N 110°54'0"W), 29.vi.1960 (3♀ USNM, 3218534, 3218903–4) ; 6.4 km E Navojoa (27°4'.12" N 109°28'.12"W), 24.vi.1960 (39 ♂ 22♀ USNM, BMNH, 3218556–7, 3218810–44, 3218846–7, 3218861–81, 3218883) ; 130.4 km W <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-112.8333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.85" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -112.8333/lat 31.85)">Sonoyta</a> (31°51'0"N 112°49'59.88"W), 21.vi.1960 (♂ USNM, 3218853) .</p><p>Milichiella mexicana var. 1: UNITED STATES. Arizona: Yuma Co., San Felipe Pass. W. Cibola (33°18'0"N 114°39'0"W), 5.v.1960, Ryckman &amp; Olsen (2♀ USNM, 3218860, 3218897). California: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-114.65&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.083298" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -114.65/lat 34.083298)">San Bernardino Co.</a>, 8.1 km N San Bernardino (34°4'59.88"N 117°16'.12"E), 9.vi.1960, Ryckman et al. (4 ♂ 2♀ USNM, 3218854–7, 3218905–6) .</p><p>Milichiella mexicana var. 2: BAHAMAS. San Salvador and Rum Cay Distr.: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-74.8333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=109.46667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -74.8333/lat 109.46667)">Rum Cay</a> (23°37'59.88"N 74°49'59.88"W), 16.iii.1953, Hayden &amp; Giovannoli (♂ USNM, 3218641); MEXICO. Sonora: 16.1 km E Navojoa (27°4'.12" N 109°28'.12"W), 13.viii.1959, Werner &amp; Nutting (4 ♂ 1♀ USNM, 3218969–73) .</p><p>Milichiella mexicana var. 3: MEXICO. San Luis Potosi: 86.9 km N San Luis Potosi (22°10'.12" N 101°0'0" W), 4.viii.1960, Ryckman et al. (♂ 5♀ USNM, 3218852, 3218898–902) .</p><p>Material of questionable identity: MEXICO. Sonora: 6.4 km E Navojoa (27°4'.12" N 109°28'.12"W), 24.vi.1960, Ryckman et al. (2 ♂ 11♀ USNM, 3218515–25, 3218858–9) . Guanajuato: N <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-100.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.9333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -100.8/lat 20.9333)">San Miguel de Allende</a> (20°55'59.88"N 100°48'0"W), 4.viii.1960, Ryckman et al. (♀ USNM, 3217261) ; UNITED STATES. California: Imperial Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-115.9833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.9833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -115.9833/lat 32.9833)">Fish Creek Mts</a>, 152 m (32°58'59.88"N 115°58'59.88"W), 20.iv.1955, Mason (♂ CNC, 3217697) .</p><p>Distribution: Middle to northern Mexico with varieties north to California and east to Bahamas.</p><p>Etymology. The species name, mexicana, is derived from the type locality.</p><p>Remarks. Milichiella mexicana var. 1 from southern Arizona and California differs from the type series in having a slightly narrower surstylus with a straight anterior margin, variety 2 from Rum Cay, Bahamas differs in having a posteriorly bent surstylus, and variety 3 from San Luis Potosi, Mexico differs in a straight anterior margin on the surstylus.</p><p>Milichiella mexicana has been reared from Opuntia (Platyopuntia), Pachycereus schottii, Myrtillocactus, and Cereus giganteus (Cactaceae) . Specimens of variety 3 have been reared from Myrtillocactus geometrizans . Specimens of variety 2 have been collected in light traps.</p><p>Milichiella opuntiae Brake, sp. n. (Pl. 2B, C, H)</p><p>Diagnosis. Differs from other members of the aethiops -group in the combination of 3–4 prsc and light brown calypter. Differs from M. pseudopuntiae in the more densely setulose postgena, mesonotum slightly brown microtomentose, and S5 more densely setulose and setulae longer.</p><p>Description. Body length: 3.2 mm; wing length: 3.0 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons black, ocellar triangle slightly black microtomentose, orbital plates shiny black, lunule black, basoflagellomere black, face silvery grey microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum slightly brown microtomentose, scutellum and pleuron same except for shiny spot on an- and katepisternum, wing hyaline, veins brown, brown spot at apex of vein R1 absent, calypter hyaline with hyaline or light brown margin, halter black, legs black; abdomen with T2–5 black microtomentose except for shiny posterolateral margins of T2–4 and posterior 3/4 of T5. Female coloration and vestiture: halter yellow, abdomen with T1–4 brown microtomentose dorsally, T5 shiny.</p><p>Head: frons with 2 orbital and 3 frontal setae, middle frontal seta medioreclinate. In males frons 1.2x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 3.7x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin without notch, gradually separating from head margin ventrally.</p><p>Pl. 2: A. Milichiella pseudopuntiae, surstylus. B–C. M. opuntiae . B. Surstylus; C. Male genitalia, lateral view. D–E. M. peyotei . D. Male genitalia, lateral view; E. Surstylus. F. M. santacatalinae, surstylus. G–J. Male sternite 4–5. G. M. pseudopuntiae; H. M. opuntiae; I. M. peyotei; J. M. santacatalinae . Scale bar: 0.1.</p><p>Thorax: 4+1 dc, 4+1 prsc, 1 pprn, 2 prs and row of short setae, 1 strong and 2+0.8 thinner keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc absent. Wing with veins R 4+5 and M weakly convergent (1.9); M-ratio is 1.7. Fore femur densely setulose, tibial organ absent.</p><p>Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T1 into T2 weak. Tergal chaetotaxy: T2 anterolateral corner with more than 3 lines of setae, T2–5 setulose. S5 about as long as wide, about 1.3x as long and 1.1x as wide as S4, roughly quadrangular; posterior 2/3 setulose (Pl. 2H). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus shorter than longest epandrial seta, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus as long as epandrium high, slightly bent posteriorly and dilated apically (1.4x) bent anteriorly, about 6.2x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface without setulae (Pl. 2B, C).</p><p>Special characters: mesonotal setulae scarce, setae long, setae on lunule longer than interfrontal setulae.</p><p>Holotype, ♂: MEXICO. Queretaro: 12.9 km E <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.3833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.6333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.3833/lat 20.6333)">Queretaro</a> (20°37'59.88"N 100°22'59.88"E), 3.viii.1960, Ryckman, Ryckman &amp; Christianson (USNM, 3216193), in good condition.</p><p>Paratypes, same data as HT (60 ♂ 1♀ USNM, BMNH, 3216194–7, 3216199–203, 3216242–4, 3216246–93, 3216585), 20.vi.1960 (2 ♂ USNM, 3216198, 3216204); MEXICO. Queretaro: 16.1 km W <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-100.3833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.6333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -100.3833/lat 20.6333)">Queretaro</a> (20°37'59.88"N 100°22'59.88"W), 20.vi.1960, Ryckman et al. (♂ USNM, 3216322) . Guanajuato: N <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-100.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.9333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -100.8/lat 20.9333)">San Miguel de Allende</a> (20°55'59.88"N 100°48'0"W), 4.viii.1960, Ryckman et al. (4 ♂ USNM, 3216205–8) .</p><p>Specimens near Milichiella opuntiae: MEXICO. Guanajuato: 14.5 km NW León (21°7'.12" N 101°40'.12"W), 20.vi.1960, Ryckman et al. (♂ USNM, 3218927); N <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.3833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.6333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.3833/lat 20.6333)">San Miguel de Allende</a> (20°55'59.88"N 100°48'0"W), 4.viii.1960, Ryckman et al. (7♀ USNM, 3218720–6). Hidalgo: Pachuca, 518 m (20°7'.12" N 98°43'59.88" W), 29.vii.1954, Chillcott (♀ CNC, 3218253). Queretaro: 16.1 km W Queretaro (20°37'59.88"N 100°22'59.88"W), 20.vi.1960, Ryckman et al. (4♀ USNM, 3218715–8); 12.9 km E Queretaro (20°37'59.88"N 100°22'59.88"E), 3.viii.1960, Ryckman et al. (46♀ USNM, BMNH, 3218664, 3218669–87, 3218689–714) .</p><p>Distribution: Middle Mexico.</p><p>Etymology. The species name, opuntiae, is a genitive noun derived from the Opuntia cactus the species has been reared from.</p><p>Remarks. Milichiella opuntiae has been reared from Opuntia (Platyopuntia) and Myrtillocactus (Cactaceae) .</p><p>Milichiella pachycerei Brake, sp. n. (Pl. 1A, D, E)</p><p>Diagnosis. Differs from other members of the aethiops -group in the combination of slightly brown microtomentose mesonotum and 1 prsc.</p><p>Description. Body length: 2.3 mm; wing length: 2.0 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates subshiny black with a shiny spot posteriorly on orbital plate, lunule brown, basoflagellomere brown, basomedially yellowish, face greyish microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum slightly brown microtomentose, scutellum and pleuron slightly stronger microtomentose, wing hyaline, veins light brown, brown spot at apex of vein R1 absent, calypter white, halter black to light brown, legs black, except for lighter bases of tibiae; abdomen with T2–5 brown microtomentose, tip of T5 slightly brown microtomentose. Female coloration and vestiture: halter yellow, abdomen with T1–4 brown microtomentose dorsally, T5 shiny.</p><p>Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta medioreclinate. In males frons 1.3x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 3.3x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin without notch, gradually separating from head margin ventrally.</p><p>Thorax: 3 dc, 1 prsc, 1 pprn, 1 prs, 1+0.7 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc absent. Wing with veins R 4+5 and M weakly convergent (1.8); M-ratio is 1.6. Fore femur normal setulose, tibial organ absent.</p><p>Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T1 into T2 absent. Tergal chaetotaxy: T2 anterolateral corner with more than 3 lines of setae, T2–5 setulose. S5 about 1.2x as long as wide, 1.4x as long and 0.9x as wide as S4, roughly rectangular with posterior margin indented, posterior 3/4 setulose (Pl. 1E). Male genitalia with hypandrium long, apical seta on cercus longer than epandrial setae, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.7x as long as epandrium high, slightly dilated posteriorly (1.3x), 2.9x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface slightly striate, medial surface without setulae (Pl. 1A, D).</p><p>Special characters: gena more than half as wide as antenna, lunula high.</p><p>Holotype, ♂: MEXICO. Sonora: 20.9 km N <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-110.9&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.983301" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -110.9/lat 27.983301)">Guaymas</a> (27°58'59.88"N 110°54'0"W), 29.vi.1960, Ryckman, Harvey &amp; Ryckman (USNM, 3216367), in good condition.</p><p>Paratypes, same data as HT (9 ♂ USNM, BMNH, 3216368–9, 3216396, 3218652–7); MEXICO. Sonora: 8.1 km W Santa Ana (30°31'.12" N 111°7'59.88" W), 13.iv.1960, Ryckman et al. (3 ♂ USNM, BMNH, 3216370, 3216373, 3218659) .</p><p>Additional material examined: MEXICO. Sonora: 20.9 km N Guaymas (27°58'59.88"N 110°54'0"W), 29.vi.1960, Ryckman et al. (1 ♂ 5♀ USNM, 3216340, 3218658, 3218660–3); 8.1 km W Santa Ana (30°31'.12" N 111°7'59.88" W), 13.iv.1960, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-110.9&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.4333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -110.9/lat 33.4333)">Ryckman</a> et al. (3 ♂ 4♀ USNM, BMNH, 3216371, 3218665–8, 3219042–3); UNITED STATES. Arizona: Maricopa Co., Phoenix (33°25'59.88"N 112°4'.12"W) , 20.iv.1979, Barber (♂ DEBU, 3218332) .</p><p>Distribution: Mexico (Sonora) and southern adjacent Arizona.</p><p>Etymology. The species name, pachycerei, is a genitive noun derived from the plant species from which this species has been reared, Pachycereus schottii .</p><p>Remarks. The type series has been reared from Pachycereus schottii (Cactaceae) .</p><p>Milichiella peyotei Brake, sp. n. (Pl. 2D, E, I)</p><p>Diagnosis. Differs from other member of the aethiops -group in the combination of silvery microtomentose face, subshiny mesonotum, 3+1 dc and 1 prsc.</p><p>Description. Body length: 2.9 mm; wing length: 2.9 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny to shiny black, ocellar triangle slightly brown microtomentose, orbital plates subshiny to shiny, lunule black, basoflagellomere basomedially yellow, face silvery microtomentose, palpus brown; thorax with mesonotum subshiny (very slightly brown microtomentose), scutellum and pleuron brown microtomentose except for shiny spot on an- and katepisternum, wing hyaline, veins light brown, brown spot at apex of vein R1 absent, calypter hyaline, halter black, legs black; abdomen with T2–4 brown microtomentose except for shiny posterolateral corners, T5 shiny black except for microtomentose anterior margin. Female coloration and vestiture: palpus yellow, halter yellow, abdomen with T2–4 and anterior margin of T5 brown microtomentose, tip of T5 shiny.</p><p>Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2+0.5 frontal setae, middle frontal seta medioreclinate. In males frons?x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 3.6x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin without notch, gradually separating from head margin ventrally.</p><p>Thorax: 3+1 dc, 1 prsc, 1 pprn, 1+0.6 prs and row of short setae, 1+0.8+0.7 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc present. Wing with veins R 4+5 and M convergent (3.3); M-ratio is 1.6. Fore femur slightly more densely setulose, tibial organ absent.</p><p>Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T1 into T2 absent. Tergal chaetotaxy: T2 anterolateral corner with more than 3 lines of setae, T2–5 setulose. S5 1.3 x as long as wide, 1.2x as long and 1.0x as wide as S4, roughly triangular with posterior margin indented, posterior 2/3 setulose (Pl. 2I). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus as long as longest epandrial seta, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.8x as long as epandrium high, dilated apically (1.7x), bent posteriorly, 7.3x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface without setulae (Pl. 2D, E).</p><p>Special characters: female palpus enlarged and bright yellow.</p><p>Holotype, ♂: MEXICO. San Luis Potosi: Huisache (22°55'.12" N 100°25'.12"W), 5.i.1971, Bejatano (USNM, 3218981), in good condition.</p><p>Paratypes, same data as HT (3 ♂ 7♀ USNM, BMNH, 3218982–91) .</p><p>Distribution: Middle Mexico.</p><p>Etymology. The species name, peyotei, is derived from the plant, peyote, from which this species was reared.</p><p>Remarks. All specimens were reared from peyote, Lophophora williamsii (Cactaceae) .</p><p>Milichiella pseudopuntiae Brake, sp. n. (Pl. 2A, G)</p><p>Diagnosis. Differs from M. opuntiae in the less setulose postgena, mesonotum subshiny, and S5 less setulose and setulae shorter.</p><p>Description. Body length: 2.3 mm; wing length: 2.2–2.4 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle slightly brown microtomentose between ocelli, but tips and orbital plates shiny black, lunule black, basoflagellomere black, face silvery microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum subshiny (very slightly brown microtomentose), scutellum and pleuron slightly brown microtomentose except for shiny spot on an- and katepisternum, wing hyaline, veins brown, brown spot at apex of vein R1 absent, calypter hyaline with hyaline or light brown margin, halter black, legs black; abdomen with T2–5 black microtomentose except for shiny posterolateral margins of T2–4 and posterior 3/4 of T5. Female coloration and vestiture: halter base of knob yellow, rest brown, abdomen with T1–4 brown microtomentose dorsally, T5 shiny.</p><p>Head: frons with 2 orbital and 3 frontal setae, middle frontal seta medioreclinate. In males frons 2.2x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 3.0x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin without notch, gradually separating from head margin ventrally.</p><p>Thorax: 3+1 dc, 3+1, 4+1 prsc, 1 pprn, 1 prs and row of short setae, 1+0.8 or 2+0.8 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc absent. Wing with veins R 4+5 and M convergent (2.0); M-ratio is 2.0. Fore femur slightly more densely setulose, tibial organ absent.</p><p>Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T1 into T2 weak. Tergal chaetotaxy: T2 anterolateral corner with more than 3 lines of setae, T2–5 setulose. S5 1.3 x as long as wide, 1.4x as long and 1.0x as wide as S4, roughly rectangular, posterior margin indented, posterior 2/3 setulose (Pl. 2G). Male genitalia with 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 1.3x as long as epandrium high, bent posteriorly and tip slightly bent anteriorly, dilated apically (1.1–1.2x), 6.4–6.5x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface without setulae (Pl. 2A).</p><p>Special characters: mesonotal setulae scarce, setae on lunule longer than interfrontal setulae.</p><p>. Holotype, ♂: MEXICO. Sonora: 6.4 km E Navojoa (27°4'.12" N 109°28'.12"W), 24.vi.1960, Ryckman, Harvey &amp; Ryckman (USNM, 3216228), in good condition.</p><p>Paratypes, same data as HT (48 ♂ 32♀ USNM, BMNH, CNC, 3216214–27, 3216229, 3216231–2, 3216234–9, 3216295–316, 3216318–9, 3216321, 3216323–37, 3216345–6, 3216348–58, 3216397, 3218535–7); MEXICO. Durango: 149.7 km N Durango City (24°1'.12" N 104°40'.12"W), 18.vi.1960, Ryckman et al. (2 ♂ 3♀ USNM, 3216211–2, 3216338–9, 3218538) . Puebla: 6.4 km S Acatlan (18°12'0"N 98°3'0"W), 2.viii.1960, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-98.05&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.2" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -98.05/lat 18.2)">Ryckman</a> et al. (♀ USNM, 3216341) . San Luis Potosi: 86.9 km N San Luis Potosi (22°10'.12" N 101°0'0" W), 4.viii.1960, Ryckman et al. (2 ♂ USNM, 3216209–10) ; UNITED STATES. Arizona: Pima Co., Tuscon (32°13'.12" N 110°55'.12"W), 7.iv.1980, Marshall (♂ DEBU, 3217648) . California: Los Angeles Co., Pomona, San Dimas Canyon (34°3'0"N 117°45'0"W), 13.xii.1959, Ryckman &amp; Olsen (♂ USNM, 3216294); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-117.75&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.083298" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -117.75/lat 34.083298)">San Bernardino Co.</a>, 8.1 km N San Bernardino (34°4'59.88"N 117°16'.12"E), 9.vi.1960, Ryckman et al. (♀ USNM, 3216343); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-117.75&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.083298" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -117.75/lat 34.083298)">San Bernardino</a> (34°4'59.88"N 117°16'.12"W), 6.vi.1960, Ryckman et al. (♂ USNM, 3216241) .</p><p>Additional material examined: MEXICO. Chihuahua: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-105.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.3" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -105.5/lat 28.3)">32.2 km N Meoqui</a> (28°18'0"N 105°30'0"W), 17.vi.1960, Ryckman et al. (♂ USNM, 3216240) . Sonora: 16.1 km E Navojoa (27°4'.12" N 109°28'.12"W), 13.viii.1959, Werner &amp; Nutting (2 ♂ 2♀ USNM, 3218911, 3218934–6) ; UNITED STATES. Arizona: Yavapai Co., Cleator (34°16'.12" N 112°13'.12"E), 19.vi.1951, Wheeler (2 ♂ 2♀ USNM, 3218907–10). California: Los Angeles Co., San Dimas Canyon (34°13'.12" N 117°45'0" E) , 24.xi.1957, Christianson &amp; Fonseca (♂ USNM, 3218932); Riverside Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-117.25&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.0333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -117.25/lat 34.0333)">8.1 km S Loma Linda</a> (34°1'59.88"N 117°15'0"W), 18.x.1959, Ryckman &amp; Olsen (2♀ USNM, 3216342, 3218539) . Texas: Bexar Co., San Antonio (29°25'.12" N 98°28'59.88" W), 3.iv.1942, Melander (♂ USNM, 3218933) .</p><p>Material of questionable identity: UNITED STATES. Texas: Kimble Co., Llano River (30°37'.12" N 100°25'59.88" W), 23.v.1972, Wirth (3♀ USNM, 3218941–3) .</p><p>Distribution: California to Texas, south to middle Mexico.</p><p>Etymology. The species name, pseudopuntiae, denotes the similarity of this species to M. opuntiae .</p><p>Remarks. Milichiella pseudopuntiae has been collected in light and Malaise traps and reared from Opuntia (Platyopuntia), Opuntia occidentalis, Pachycereus sp., Myrtillocactus geometrizans and Echinocactus polycephalus (Cactaceae) .</p><p>Milichiella santacatalinae Brake, sp. n. (Pl. 2F, J)</p><p>Diagnosis. Differs from other members of the aethiops -group in the combination of yellowish palpus, subshiny mesonotum and yellow halter.</p><p>Description. Body length: 2.8 mm; wing length: 2.4 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates subshiny black, lunule yellow, basoflagellomere basomedially yellowish, face grey microtomentose, palpus yellowish; thorax with mesonotum subshiny, scutellum and pleuron slightly brown microtomentose except for shiny spot on an- and katepisternum, wing hyaline, veins light brown, brown spot at apex of vein R1 absent, calypter white, halter yellow, legs black except for base and tip of fore and mid tibia and all basitarsi; abdomen with T2–4 brown microtomentose except for shiny posterolateral corners, T5 shiny black except for microtomentose anterior margin.</p><p>Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta medioreclinate. In males frons 1.8x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 2.7x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin without notch, gradually separating from head margin ventrally.</p><p>Thorax: 2 dc, 1 prsc, 1 pprn, 1 prs, 2 keps setae, posterior prsc less than 0.8x as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc absent. Wing with veins R 4+5 and M convergent (2.5); M-ratio is 2.5. Fore femur normal setulose, tibial organ absent.</p><p>Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T1 into T2 weak. Tergal chaetotaxy: T2 anterolateral corner with more than 3 lines of setae, T2–5 setulose. S5 0.9 x as long as wide, 1.1x as long and 1.0x as wide as S4, roughly rectangular with posterior margin indented, posterior 2/3 setulose (Pl. 2J). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus shorter than longest epandrial seta, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus?x as long as epandrium high, dilated posteriorly (2.1x), straight, about 7.8x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface without setulae (Pl. 2F).</p><p>Special characters: setae on lunule as long as interfrontal setulae.</p><p>Holotype, ♂: UNITED STATES. Arizona: Apache Co., Santa Catalina Mts., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-109.1833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.1" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -109.1833/lat 34.1)">Molina Basin</a>, 1341 m (34°6'0"N 109°10'59.88"W), 8.vii.1972, Sluss (CNC, 3217693), in good condition.</p><p>Paratypes, same data as HT (3 ♂ CNC, USNM, 3217694–6) .</p><p>Material of questionable identity: MEXICO. Nuevo León: Vallecillo (26°40'.12" N 99°58'.12"W), 2–5.vi.1951, Hurd (♀ USNM, 3218755); UNITED STATES. Arizona: Pima Co., Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument (park) (32°1'59.88"N 112°52'.12"W), 15.iv.1947, Melander (4 ♂ USNM, 3218959–62) .</p><p>Distribution. Arizona,? Mexico (Nuevo León).</p><p>Etymology. The species name, santacatalinae, is a genitive noun derived from the type locality.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AB0903FFAEFFC6FF5A65CCBA55FEA9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Brake, Irina	Brake, Irina (2009): Revision of Milichiella Giglio-Tos (Diptera, Milichiidae) 2188. Zootaxa 2188 (1): 1-166, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2188.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2188.1.1
03AB0903FFA7FFE4FF5A66C6BE3CFC07.text	03AB0903FFA7FFE4FF5A66C6BE3CFC07.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tephritis argentea	<div><p>argentea -group</p><p>Species in the argentea -group are characterized by the combination of posterior orbital seta absent (present in M. bimaculata), S5 medium setulose with many setula along posterior margin and some longer setae posterolaterally or with tuft of longer setae posterolaterally, surstylus longer than wide, about as long as epandrium high or longer, usually more than 0.5x as wide, dilated apically, bent posteriorly, usually with 3–5 setulae along anterior margin, line moving medially at base of surstylus.</p><p>Distribution: Old World.</p><p>Milichiella aldabrae Brake, sp. n. (Pl. 3A, D)</p><p>Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of brown microtomentose mesonotum and posterolateral corners of S5 developed into shiny lappets with long setae.</p><p>Description. Body length: 2.3 mm; wing length: 2.4 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons brown, ocellar triangle and orbital plates brown microtomentose, frontal plates greyish, lunule black, basoflagellomere black, face greyish microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum brown microtomentose, scutellum and pleuron same, except for shiny spots on an- and katepisternum, wing hyaline, veins brown, brown spot at apex of vein R1 weak, calypter brown, halter black, legs black except for yellow tip of fore tibia and all basitarsi; abdomen with T2–5 silvery microtomentose.</p><p>Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 2.8x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 4.6x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with wide notch (7om) and narrow emargination (1om).</p><p>Thorax: 2, 3 or 3+1 dc, 1 prsc, 1 pprn, 1+0.7 prs, 2+0.7 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc present. Wing with veins R 4+5 and M weakly convergent (1.8–2.0); M-ratio is 2.4–2.5. Fore femur normal setulose, tibial organ absent.</p><p>Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T1 into T2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T2 anterolateral corner with 2-3 lines of setae, T2–5 posterior margin with 1 row of setulae. S5 1.4 x as long as wide, 1.4x as long and 1.9x as wide as S4; with scarce but long setae, posterolateral corners developed into shiny lappets with long setae (Pl. 3D). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus longer than epandrial setae, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 1.1x as long as epandrium high, bent posteriorly, dilated apically (1.6x), 8.9x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface without setulae (Pl. 3A).</p><p>Holotype, ♂: SEYCHELLES. Aldabra: Picard, trail to Bassin Labine (9°25'.12" S 46°19'59.88" E), 20.iii.1986, Mathis (USNM, 3216123), in good condition.</p><p>Paratypes (BMNH unless otherwise stated), same data as HT (♂ USNM, 3216124) . SEYCHELLES. Aldabra: South I., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.383297&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.4333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.383297/lat -9.4333)">Cinq Cases</a> (9°25'59.88"S 46°22'59.88"E), 3–16.i.1968, Cogan &amp; Hutson (26 ♂ BMNH, USNM, NMP, 3218756–7, 3218759–74, 3218776–83) ; Dune D’Messe (9°46'.12" S 47°34'59.88" E), 21.iii.1968, Cogan &amp; Hutson (3 ♂, 3218800–2); Takamaka Grove (9°46'.12" S 47°34'59.88" E), 1–17.ii.1968, Cogan &amp; Hutson (♂, 3218809), 23–27.ii.1968 (6 ♂, 3218803–8) ; West I., near Settlement (9°22'.12" S 46°13'.12"E), 7–12.iii.1968, Cogan &amp; Hutson (9 ♂, 3218784–92) ; Astove I. (10°6'0"S 47°45'0"E), 5.iii.1968, Cogan &amp; Hutson (♂, 3218799); Cosmoledo Atoll: Wizard I. (9°43'59.88"S 47°37'59.88"E), 6.iii.1968, Cogan &amp; Hutson (6 ♂, 3218793–8); Mahe: Beau Vallon (4°36'0"S 55°25'.12"E), 4.xi.1977, David &amp; Tsacas (♂, 3215794) .</p><p>Distribution. Seychelles.</p><p>Etymology. The species name, aldabrae, is a genitive noun derived from the type locality.</p><p>Remarks. Milichiella aldabrae has been collected around coconut plantations, on pits in champignon ( Agaricus bisporus, Agaricaceae), from Pandanus (Pandanaceae) and at light.</p><p>Pl. 3: A–C. Male genitalia, lateral view. A. Milichiella aldabrae; B. M. sumptuosa; C. M. formosae . D–F. Male sternite 4–5. D. M. aldabrae; E. M. sumptuosa; F. M. formosae . Scale bar: 0.1.</p><p>Milichiella argentea (Fabricius, 1805) (Pl. 4A–C)</p><p>Tephritis argentea Fabricius, 1805: 323 . INDONESIA. Moluccas: Amboina. T ♂ CAU [lost].</p><p>Lobioptera argentea . Mik 1887: 180 [combination].</p><p>Milichiella argentea . Becker 1907: 511, 536 [type information; discussion of different determined specimens and of synonymy, probably syn. with M. melaleuca; diagnosis]; Bezzi 1908: 193 [Eritrea] (pers. note: identification doubtful); Sabrosky 1977: 273 [Oriental catalogue], 1989: 557 [Australasian/Oceanian catalogue]; Brake 2000: 104 [world catalogue].</p><p>Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of brown microtomentose mesonotum, 2+1 dc, calypter with brown margin, black legs, and silvery microtomentose male T2–5.</p><p>Description. Body length: 2.6 mm; wing length: 2.4 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates shiny black, lunule black, basoflagellomere black, face brown or greyish microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum brown microtomentose but less so than scutellum, scutellum and pleuron brown except for shiny spots on an- and katepisternum, wing hyaline, brown spot at apex of vein R1 weak, calypter hyaline with brown margin, halter black, legs black; abdomen with T2–5 silvery microtomentose. Female coloration and vestiture: halter yellow, abdomen with T2–4 brown microtomentose dorsally, T5 shiny except for microtomentose anterior margin.</p><p>Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2+0.5 frontal setae, middle frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 2.7x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 3.7x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with wide notch (5–6om, female: 4–5om) and narrow emargination (1–2om).</p><p>Thorax: 2+1 dc, 2 prsc, 1+0.8 pprn, 1+0.7 prs, 2 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc present. Wing with veins R 4+5 and M convergent (2.2); M-ratio is 2.1. Fore femur slightly more densely setulose, tibial organ?.</p><p>Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T1 into T2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T2 anterolateral corner mostly with 2 lines of setae but triangular extension with more setae, T2–5 with one row of setulae at posterior margin. S5 1.3 x as long as wide, 1.9x as long and 2.6x as wide as S4, setulose, posterior margin slightly indented (Pl. 4C). Male genitalia with 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.8x as long as epandrium high, dilated posteroapically (1.6x), 3.4x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface with 3–5 setulae along anterior margin moving medially basally (Pl. 4A–B).</p><p>Pl. 4: A–C. Milichiella argentea, male. A. Hypandrium, ventral view; B. Genitalia, lateral view; C. Sternite 4 and 5. Scale bar: 0.1. Drawings by L. Papp.</p><p>Special characters: palpus relatively wide.</p><p>Material examined: INDONESIA. Maluku: Seram, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=147.8333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-147.73329" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 147.8333/lat -147.73329)">Manusela National Park</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=147.8333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-147.73329" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 147.8333/lat -147.73329)">Solea</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=147.8333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-147.73329" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 147.8333/lat -147.73329)">Uncarya</a> (2°51'S, 129°33'E), 1–31.viii.1987, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=147.8333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-147.73329" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 147.8333/lat -147.73329)">Day</a> (2 ♂ 7♀ BMNH, 3216127–35); Sulawesi Tengah: nr. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=147.8333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-147.73329" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 147.8333/lat -147.73329)">Morowali</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=147.8333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-147.73329" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 147.8333/lat -147.73329)">Ranu River Area</a> (1°52'.12" S 121°30'0" E), 27.i.–20.iv.1980 (2♀ BMNH, 3216136–7); PAPUA NEW GUINEA. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=147.8333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-147.73329" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 147.8333/lat -147.73329)">Simbang</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=147.8333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-147.73329" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 147.8333/lat -147.73329)">Huon</a> Gulf (6°34'59.88"S 147°49'59.88"E), 1898, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=147.8333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-147.73329" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 147.8333/lat -147.73329)">Biró</a> (5 ♂ HNHM, 3218475–9); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=147.8333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-147.73329" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 147.8333/lat -147.73329)">Northern</a>: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=147.8333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-147.73329" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 147.8333/lat -147.73329)">Kokoda</a>, 61 m (8°52'.12" S 147°43'59.88" E), 1–30.iv.1933, Cheesman (2 ♂ BMNH, 3216125–6) .</p><p>Distribution: Sulawesi, Moluccas and New Guinea.</p><p>Remarks. The type specimen was last seen by Becker (1907) in the Kiel Museum, but only parts of the thorax, halter, calypter and one wing were left. This specimen is now apparently lost. The species is not identifiable from the description, but Becker found a male from New Guinea in HNHM, which he identified as M. argentea based on the description and comparison with the type. There are actually 4 males and not just one in the HNHM and the species description is based on these specimens. In many collections the name M. argentea has been used for a number of different species with a silvery abdomen. All identifications should therefore be treated with caution.</p><p>Becker used the above mentioned specimens from New Guinea to propose the synonymy of M. melaleuca (probably based on Loew's description) and M. argentea . However, he neglected the difference in wing colour and M. melaleuca is therefore resurrected from synonymy with M. argentea .</p><p>Milichiella argentea was collected in Malaise traps.</p><p>Milichiella sp. A (Pl. 5I)</p><p>Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of brown microtomentose mesonotum, 2 dc, 1 pprn, brown calypter, black legs, and silvery microtomentose male T2–5.</p><p>Description. Body length: 2.5 mm; wing length: 2.7 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates shiny black, lunule black, basoflagellomere black, face brown microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum brown microtomentose, scutellum and pleuron same, except for shiny spots on an- and katepisternum, wing hyaline, veins light brown, brown spot at apex of vein R1 absent, calypter brown or light brown, with yellow hairs, halter black, legs black; abdomen with T2–5 silvery microtomentose. Female coloration and vestiture: halter black, abdomen with T2–4 brown microtomentose, T5 shiny.</p><p>Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2+0.5 frontal setae, middle frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 2.8x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 3.7x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with notch (6om, female 4om) and emargination (1–2om).</p><p>Thorax: 2 dc, 1 prsc, 1 pprn, 1+0.7 prs, 2 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc present. Wing with veins R 4+5 and M convergent (2.1); M-ratio is 1.7. Fore femur densely setulose, tibial organ absent.</p><p>Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T1 into T2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T2 anterolateral corner with 2–3 lines of setae, T2–5 posterior margin with one row of setulae. S5 1.2 x as long as wide, 1.7x as long and 2.6x as wide as S4, roughly triangular shape, setulose with more and longer setulae at posterior margin. Male genitalia similar to M. unicolor, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.7x as long as epandrium high, bent posteriorly, dilated apically (1.5x), 3.2x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface with 4–5 setulae along anterior margin moving medially basally (Pl. 5I).</p><p>Special characters: palpus relatively wide.</p><p>Material examined: SOLOMON IS. Guadalcanal: Guadalcanal (9°31'59.88"S 160°12'0"E), 1944, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=160.2&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.533299" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 160.2/lat -9.533299)">Berg</a> (3 ♂ 1♀ USNM, 3215985–8) .</p><p>Distribution: Solomon Islands.</p><p>Remarks. Milichiella sp. A is very similar to M. argentea and probably represents a variety of this species.</p><p>Pl. 5: A–B. Male genitalia, lateral view. A. Milichiella pseudodectes, LT. B. M. ugandae . C–D. M. asiatica . C. Surstylus; D. Male sternite 4 and 5. E–G. Male sternite 4 and 5. E. M. pseudodectes, LT; F. M. ugandae; G. M. angolae . H–I. Surstylus. H. M. angolae; I. M. sp. A. Scale bar: 0.1.</p><p>Milichiella angolae Brake, sp. n. (Pl. 5G, H)</p><p>Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of shiny black ocellar triangle, brown microtomentose mesonotum, 2 prsc, yellow distal tip of fore and mid tibia, silvery microtomentose male T2–5, and elongated shape of the surstylus.</p><p>Description. Body length: 2.9 mm; wing length: 2.9 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and upper orbital plates shiny black, lunule black, basoflagellomere black, face greyish brown microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum brown microtomentose, but less so than scutellum, scutellum and pleuron brown except for shiny spots on an-and katepisternum, wing hyaline, veins yellow, brown spot at apex of vein R1 absent, calypter hyaline, halter black, legs black except for distal tip of fore and mid tibia yellow basitarsi; abdomen with T2–5 silvery microtomentose.</p><p>Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2+0.5 frontal setae, middle frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 2.2x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 4.0x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with notch (5om) and emargination (2om).</p><p>Thorax: 2 dc, 2 prsc, 1+0.8 pprn, 1+0.4 prs, 2+0.7 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc present. Wing with veins R 4+5 and M convergent (2.1); M-ratio is 2.2. Fore femur normal setulose, tibial organ absent.</p><p>Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T1 into T2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T2 anterolateral corner with 2–3 lines of setae, T2–5 posterior margin with 1 row of scarce setulae. S5 1.3 –1.4x as long as wide, 1.9–2.2x as long and 1.8–2.5x as wide as S4; setulose, posterior margin only slightly indented (Pl. 5G). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus as long as longest epandrial seta, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus about as long as epandrium high, dilated apically (1.6–2.0x), 5.4–7.1x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface with 3–5 setae along anterior margin moving medially basally (Pl. 5H).</p><p>Holotype, ♂: ANGOLA. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.5/lat 12.5)">Santa Cruz Mission</a> (12°30'0"N 18°30'0"E), 13.viii.1952, Munro (USNM, 3215936), in good condition, original label: "Santa Cruz / Mission; Angola. / 13.8.52. / Carp Exp: Munro. [P]".</p><p>Paratypes, same data as HT (2 ♂ USNM, 3215935, 3215937); ZIMBABWE. Matetsi (18°16'.12" S 25°55'59.88" E), 1.xi.1933, Stevenson (♂ BMNH, 3215920); 1.xii.1933 (♂ BMNH, 3215921) .</p><p>Distribution. Angola, Zimbabwe.</p><p>Etymology. The species name, angolae, is a genitive noun derived from the type locality.</p><p>Milichiella argentiventris Hendel, 1931 (Pl. 6C, G)</p><p>Milichiella argentiventris Hendel, 1931: 72 . EGYPT. Wadi Kanssisrob, Gebel Elba. ST 3# CUGE?. Hennig 1937: 26 [citation]; Frey 1958b: 50 [Cape Verde Is.]; Steyskal 1966: 123 [type information, Egypt]; Sabrosky 1980: 688 [Afrotropical catalogue]; Papp 1984: 113 [Palaearctic catalogue]; Deeming 1998: 154 [fig. of costal break, swarming, reared from rotten yam tubers, Nigeria, Niger State, Oman, Yemen]; Brake 2000: 105 [world catalogue].</p><p>Milichiella argentiventria . Misspelling. Steyskal &amp; El-Bialy 1967: 34 [checklist, Egypt].</p><p>Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of slightly brown microtomentose mesonotum, 2 prsc, white wing and calypter, yellow narrow bases and tips of tibiae as well as long silvery microtomentum on male T2–5.</p><p>Description. Body length: 2.6–3.1 mm; wing length: 2.3–2.4 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates shiny black, lunule black, basoflagellomere black, face greyish microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum slightly brown microtomentose, scutellum brown microtomentose, pleuron slightly brown microtomentose with shiny spots on anepisternum and katepisternum, wing white, brown spot at apex of vein R1 absent, calypter white, halter black, legs black except for yellow narrow bases and tips of tibiae and bases of tarsi (var.: legs darker); abdomen with T2–5 silvery microtomentose.</p><p>Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 2.0x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 4.3x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with notch (5–6om) and slight emargination (1–2om).</p><p>Thorax: 2 dc (var.: 2+1), 2 prsc, 1+0.5 pprn, 1+0.8 prs, 3 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc present. Wing with veins R 4+5 and M convergent (3.0); Mratio is 1.9. Fore femur normal setulose, tibial organ absent.</p><p>Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T1 into T2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T2 anterolateral corner with 2–3 lines of setae, T2–5 posterior margin with 1–2 rows of setulae. S5 1.2 x as long as wide, 1.7x as long and 2.1x as wide as S4; setulose, posterior margin indented (Pl. 6G). Male genitalia similar to M. nigeriae, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.6x as long as epandrium high, bent posteriorly, dilated apically (1.7x), 2.5x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface with 3–5 setulae along anterior margin moving medially basally (Pl. 6C).</p><p>Special characters: silvery microtomentum long.</p><p><a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=54.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 54.0/lat 12.5)">Material</a> examined: EGYPT. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=54.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 54.0/lat 12.5)">Wadi Kanssisrob</a>, Gebel Elba (22°12'N, 36°20'E), 1.iv.–31.v.1929, Tewfik (4 ♂, USNM, 3215993–6), [topotypes]. YEMEN. Suqutra: Hadipo Pl. (12°30'0"N 54°0'0"E), 9.iv.1967, Guichard (6 ♂ BMNH, 3215929–34) .</p><p>Milichiella argentiventris var.: MALAWI. 35 km SE Monkey Bay on road to Mangochi, 500 m (14°4'59.88"S 34°55'.12"E), 12.xii.1980, Londt &amp; Stuckenberg (♂ NMP, 3219068). Southern: Zomba, 914 m (15°22'.12" S 35°22'.12"E), 1–30.xi.1927, Smee (3 ♂ BMNH, 3215917–9); SOUTH AFRICA. KwaZulu- Natal: Ingwavuma Distr., Tongaland, near Pongola Poort 2732 AC (27°27'S, 32°3'E), 27.ii.1971, Stuckenberg &amp; Stuckenberg (3 ♂ NMP, BMNH, 3216170, 3219065–6); Natal, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.05&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.3833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.05/lat -28.3833)">Dukuduku Forest Reserve</a> (28°22'59.88"S 32°19'.12"E), 18–19.vii.1981, Londt &amp; Stuckenberg (♂ NMP, 3219067) .</p><p>Material of questionable identity: SOUTH AFRICA. Cape: 4 km NE Steytlerville, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=24.383333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.3" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 24.383333/lat -33.3)">Noorspoort Hillside</a>, 600 m (33°18'S, 24°23'E), 22.xi.1990, Londt &amp; Wittington (♂ NMP, 3219069) .</p><p>Specimens near Milichiella argentiventris: NIGERIA. Niger: Mokwa (9°19'.12" N 5°0'0" E), 21.i.1977, Johnson (♂ USNM, 3215997), 30.vii.1977 (1 ♂ 1♀ USNM, 3215998) .</p><p>Distribution. Egypt and Yemen, varieties in Malawi and South Africa.</p><p>Remarks. The 3 syntypes are probably in CUGE. However 4 specimens from the same series are deposited in USNM and were used for species characterization. There is a variety with 2+1 dc and darker legs collected from mixed woodlands and forest margins in South Africa and Malawi. Nigerian specimens near Milichiella argentiventris were reared from rotten yam tubers ( Dioscoreaceae).</p><p>Pl. 6: A. Milichiella triangula, surstylus. B. M. nigripes, male genitalia, lateral view. C–D. Surstylus. C. M. argentiventris; D. M. solitaria; E–H. Male sternite 4 and 5. E. M. triangula; F. M. nigripes; G. M. argentiventris; H. M. solitaria . Scale bar: 0.1.</p><p>Milichiella argyrogaster (Perris, 1876) (Pl. 7B, C, F)</p><p>Milichia argyrogaster Perris, 1876: 208 . FRANCE. "Departement Landes". LT ♂ MNHNP [pres. des.]. Perris 1876: 208 [larvae and pupae under worm-eaten bark of piece of lime tree].</p><p>Milichiella argyrogastra . Séguy 1934: 636 [fig. of eye]; Papp 1984: 113 [Palaearctic catalogue]; Brake 2000: 105 [world catalogue].</p><p>Milichiella argyropasta . Misspelling. Aldrich, 1931: 398 [citation].</p><p>Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of 1 pprn, calypter hyaline with light brown margin, black legs, silvery microtomentose male T2–5, in the shape and shorter setae of the surstylus.</p><p>Description. Body length: 3.5 mm; wing length: 3.0 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates shiny black, lunule?, basoflagellomere black, face?, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum slightly to normally brown microtomentose, scutellum and pleuron brown microtomentose, wing hyaline, veins light brown, brown spot at apex of vein R1 absent, calypter hyaline with light brown margin, halter black, legs black except for brown basitarsi; abdomen with T2–5 silvery microtomentose.</p><p>Head: frons with? orbital and? frontal setae, anterior frontal seta?. In males frons?x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about?x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista?, posterior eye margin with notch (7om) and emargination (2om).</p><p>Pl. 7: A–B. Male genitalia, lateral view. A. Milichiella tiefii . B. M. argyrogaster, LT. C. M. argyrogaster, LT, surstylus. D. M. sterkstrooma, male genitalia, lateral view. E–G. Male sternites 4 and 5. E. M. tiefii; F. M. argyrogaster, LT; G. M. sterkstrooma . Scale bar: 0.1.</p><p>Thorax: 2+1? dc,? prsc, 1 pprn, 1+0.8 setae prs and row of shorter setae,? keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc present. Wing with veins R 4+5 and M convergent (2.4); M-ratio is 2.2. Fore femur densely setulose, tibial organ absent.</p><p>Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T1 into T2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T2 anterolateral corner with 1–2 lines of setae, T2–5 posterior margin with 1 row of setulae. S5 about as long as wide,?x as long and 2.7x as wide as S4, nearly heart shaped, setulose ({l. 7F). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus as long as longest epandrial seta, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus about as long as epandrium high, bent posteriorly, dilated apically (2.6x), apex flat, 6.7x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface with line of setae near anterior margin (Pl. 7B, C).</p><p>Lectotype, ♂: FRANCE. Landes (44°0'0"N 0°52'.12"W), 15.vi.1874, Perris (MNHNP, 3219070), in relatively good condition, head deformed, abdomen dissected, original labels: "MUSEUM PARIS [P] / Landes / Perris. [H]", " Milichiella / argyrogastra / Perris [H] / E. SÉGUY det. 19[P]32[H". Milichiella argyrogaster was described from 3 specimens. There is one probable type in MNHNP. The specimen fits the description and appears to be very old, however, both the locality label as well as the identification label were written by Séguy. I here designate this specimen as the lectotype.</p><p>Distribution. France.</p><p>Milichiella asiatica Brake, sp. n. (Pl. 5C, D)</p><p>Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of brown microtomentose mesonotum and male T2–5 silvery microtomentose except for brown microtomentose spot in middle of T2.</p><p>Description. Body length: 2.7–3.5 mm; wing length: 2.7–3.1 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates with shiny spots, lunule black, basoflagellomere black, face brown microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum brown microtomentose, scutellum and pleuron same, except for shiny spots on anepisternum and katepisternum, wing hyaline, veins brown, brown spot at apex of vein R1 weak or absent, calypter yellowish white, halter black, legs black except for yellow basitarsi, fore and hind tarsus with yellow brush; abdomen with T2–5 silvery microtomentose except for brown microtomentose spot in middle of T2, anterolateral corner of T2 and shiny black posterolateral corner of T5, in some specimens there is also a smaller brown spot in middle of T3. Female coloration and vestiture: halter yellow, abdomen with T2–4 brown microtomentose, T5 shiny.</p><p>Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2+0.5 frontal setae, middle frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 2.0–2.3x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 4.0–4.6x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with wide notch (5–7om, female: 4–5om) and emargination (1–3om).</p><p>Thorax: 2 dc, 2 prsc, 2 pprn, 1+0.4 prs, 2 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc present. Wing with veins R 4+5 and M convergent (2.1–3.0); M-ratio is 1.5–1.8. Fore femur slightly more densely setulose, tibial organ absent.</p><p>Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T1 into T2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T2 anterolateral corner with 2–3 lines of setae, T2 posterior margin with 2–3 rows, T3–4 with 1–2 rows of relatively long setulae, T5 silvery part setulose on posterior half with row of relatively long setae near posterior margin, T5 shiny parts with long setae. S5 1.2 x as long as wide, 2.0x as long and 2.2x as wide as S4, posterior margin indented, setulose on posterior half (Pl. 5D). Male genitalia similar to M. unicolor, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.5–0.8x as long as epandrium high, bent posteriorly, dilated apically (1.6–1.7x), 2.4–3.7x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface with 3–5 setulae along anterior margin moving medially basally (Pl. 5C).</p><p>Puparium: Empty puparium reddish brown, subshiny to almost dull. Anterior (thoracic) part dorsoventrally compressed with shallow but distinct lateral depressions on at least dorsal side. Anterior spiracles with 9 spiracular lobes (papillae).</p><p>Holotype, ♂: TAIWAN. Taipei: Yangmingshan (25°9'0"N 121°33'0"E), 22.viii.1980, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.55&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.15" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.55/lat 25.15)">Cranston</a> (BMNH, 3216107), in good condition.</p><p>Paratypes, same data as HT (3 ♂ BMNH, DEI, 3216108–10); INDONESIA. Java: Yogyakarta (7°48'0"S 110°24'0"E), Overbeck (♂ SMTD, 3216111) . Maluku: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.3833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.8" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.3833/lat 0.8)">Ternate</a> (0°48'0"N 127°22'59.88"E), 10.viii.1954, Alston (♂ BMNH, 3216101) ; MALAYSIA. Selangor: Sepang (2°40'59.88"N 101°43'59.88"E), 1.iii.1935 (4♀ BMNH, 3216102–5); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=112.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=2.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 112.5/lat 2.5)">Serdang</a> (2°30'0"N 112°30'0"E), 16.x.1930, Corbett (♂ BMNH, 3216097); Serdang (2°30'0"N 112°30'0"E), 7.iv.1936 (2 ♂ 1♀ &amp; 2 puparia BMNH, 3216098–00) ; PHILIPPINES. Manila: Manila (14°37'.12" N 120°58'.12"E), 1–31.x.1914 (2 ♂ USNM, 3216141–2); THAILAND. Chiang Mai: Chiang Mai (18°48'0"N 98°58'59.88"E), 26.iv.–31.v.1952, Thurman &amp; Thurman (♂ USNM, 3215984) . Krung Thep Mahanakhon: Bangkoknoi, Thonburi (13°43'.12" N 100°27'0" E), 5–6.v.1959, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.733299" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.5/lat 13.733299)">Manop</a> (♂ USNM, 3215962); Makasan, Bangkok (13°43'59.88"N 100°30'0"E), 11–12.v.1959, Manop [?] (♂ USNM, 3215961), 1–31.vii.1932, Smith (18 ♂ USNM, HNHM, 3216151–68), 25.ix.1977, Yasumatsu (7 ♂ USNM, 3215976, 3215978–83), 30.vi.1934, Smith (7 ♂ USNM, 3216143–9) .</p><p>Material of questionable identity: INDIA. Karnataka: Bangalore, Hebbal (12°58'.12" N 77°34'59.88" E), 26–27.x.1978, L. T. &amp; J. B. (♂ BMNH, 3216106). Tamil Nadu: Yercaud, near Salem, 1372 m (11°39'0"N 78°10'.12"E), 6.iv.1962, Spencer (♂ CNC, 3217127) ; INDONESIA. Java: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=110.4&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.8" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 110.4/lat -7.8)">Yogyakarta</a> (7°48'0"S 110°24'0"E), 1–30.vi.1932, Overbeck (2 ♂ SMTD, 3215989–90), 1–28.ii.1933 (♀ SMTD, 3215992), 1–31.v.1934 (♂ SMTD, 3215991) ; MALAYSIA. Kuala Lumpur: Kuala Lumpur (3°10'.12" N 101°42'0" E), 8.viii.1958, Traub (♂ USNM, 3215975) .</p><p>Distribution: Thailand to Taiwan, south to Java and Moluccas,? India.</p><p>Etymology. The species name, asiatica, is an adjective derived from the Asian distribution of the species.</p><p>Remarks. Milichiella asiatica has been collected on Elaeis guineensis Jacquin (oil palm, Arecaceae) fruits, on rotting stems of oil palm ( Arecaceae), rotting manure, and at light.</p><p>Milichiella bakeri Aldrich, 1931 (Pl. 8B, F)</p><p>Milichiella bakeri Aldrich, 1931: 398 . PHILIPPINES. Laguna: Mt. Makiling. HT ♂ USNM. Sabrosky 1977: 273 [Oriental catalogue]; Brake 2000: 105 [world catalogue].</p><p>Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of slightly brown microtomentose mesonotum, 2 dc, 2 prsc, brown calypter, male T2–5 silvery microtomentose.</p><p>Description. Body length: 2.2–2.8 mm; wing length: 1.9–2.9 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates shiny black, lunule black, basoflagellomere black, face slightly greyish microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum slightly to normally brown microtomentose (golden brown from anterior view), scutellum and pleuron same, wing hyaline, anterior margin slightly brownish, brown spot at apex of vein R1 absent, calypter brown with dark margin, halter black, legs black except for yellowish basitarsi; abdomen with T2–5 silvery microtomentose, except for anterolateral margins of T2.</p><p>Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2+0.5 frontal setae, middle frontal seta slightly medioreclinate. In males frons 2.2x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 5.2x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with wide notch (6–7om) and emargination (3om).</p><p>Thorax: 2 dc, 2 prsc, 2 pprn, 1+0.5 prs, 2 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc present. Wing with veins R 4+5 and M convergent (2.4); M-ratio is 2.0. Fore femur densely setulose, tibial organ absent.</p><p>Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T1 into T2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T2 anterolateral corner with more than 3 lines of setae, T2 posterolateral margin with 2–3 rows of setulae, T3 posterior margin with 1 row of setulae, T4 posterior margin with 2 rows of setulae, T5 posteromedial margin of silvery part with 1 row of setulae. S5 2 x as wide and longer than S4, slightly setulose, posterior margin indented (Pl. 8F). Male genitalia similar to M. nigeriae, with 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.6x as long as epandrium high, bent posteriorly, dilated apically (1.5x), 2.4x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface with 3–5 setulae along anterior margin moving medially basally (Pl. 8B).</p><p>Special characters: palpus appears slightly wider than usual for the genus.</p><p>Holotype, ♂: PHILIPPINES. Laguna: Mt. Makiling (14°10'59.88"N 121°10'59.88"E), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.1833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.1833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.1833/lat 14.1833)">Baker</a> (USNM, 3216138), in suboptimal condition, abdomen dissected.</p><p>Paratypes, same data as HT (2 ♂ USNM, 3216139–40) .</p><p>Material of questionable identity: MALAYSIA. Sabah: Bettotan, near Sandakan (5°52'.12" N 118°4'.12"E), 21.viii.1927, C.B. K. &amp; H.M. P (♂ BMNH, 3216169) .</p><p>Distribution. Philippines,?Borneo.</p><p>Pl. 8: A–D. Surstylus. A. M. spinthera, HT; B. M. bakeri . C. M. longiseta; D. M. javana, HT; E–H. Male sternite 4 and 5. E. M. spinthera, HT; F. M. bakeri; G. M. longiseta; H. M. javana, HT. Scale bar: 0.1.</p><p>Milichiella bimaculata Becker, 1907</p><p>Milichiella bimaculata Becker, 1907: 534 . SPAIN. Canary Is.: Gran Canaria. T ♂ ZMHU [lost?]. Becker 1907: 34 [fig. of male abdomen]; Frey 1936: 124 [on Euphorbia regis-jubae, Canary Is.], 1958a: 62 [Canary Is.]; Hennig 1937: 27 [citation, type information]; Deeming &amp; Báez 1985: 66 [fig. of head, Canary Is.]; Papp 1984: 113 [Palaearctic catalogue]; Brake 2000: 105 [world catalogue]; Carles-Tolrá &amp; Báez 2002: 174 [catalogue, Canary Is.].</p><p>Milichiella bimaculata Becker, 1908a: 163 . SPAIN. Canary Is.: Gran Canaria. T ♂ ZMHU [lost?]. Becker 1908a: 163 [on flowers of Schinus mollis].</p><p>Eccoptomma freyi Hendel, 1936: 125 . SPAIN. Canary Is.: Tenerife. LT ♀ NMW [pres. des.]. Hennig 1937: 28 [citation]; Frey 1958a: 62 [type information, Canary Is.]; Deeming &amp; Báez 1985: 66 [synonymy with bimaculata]; Papp 1984: 112 [Palaearctic catalogue]; Carles-Tolrá &amp; Báez 2002: 174 [catalogue, Canary Is.]; Brake 2009 [type information]. Syn. Deeming &amp; Báez 1985: 66.</p><p>Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of slightly brown microtomentose mesonotum, shiny ocellar triangle and orbital plates, as well as brown microtomentose male T2–5 except for posterolateral silvery spots on T5.</p><p>Description. Body length: 2.5 mm; wing length: 2.5 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates shiny black, lunule brown, basoflagellomere black, face grey microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum slightly brown microtomentose, pleuron same, scutellum more strongly microtomentose, wing hyaline, veins brown, brown spot at apex of vein R1 weak, calypter hyaline with brown margin, halter black, legs black except for lighter tarsal joints, fore and hind tarsus with yellow brush; abdomen with T2–5 brown microtomentose except for posterolateral silvery spots on T5. Female coloration and vestiture: thorax with mesonotum slightly brown microtomentose, scutellum and pleuron same, halter yellow, calypter white, abdomen with T2–4 brown microtomentose, T5 shiny.</p><p>Head: frons with 3 orbital and 2+0.5 frontal setae, middle frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 1.8x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 3.6x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with notch (3–4om) and emargination (2om). Female posterior eye margin with small notch (2om) and emargination</p><p>Thorax: 2+1 dc, 2+1 prsc, 1+0.6 pprn, row of prs across mesonotum, including presutural dc and prsc, 2+0.6 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc present. Wing with veins R 4+5 and M convergent (2.4); M-ratio is 1.7–2.1. Fore femur densely setulose, tibial organ absent.</p><p>Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T1 into T2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T2 anterolateral corner with more than 3 lines of setae, T2–5 posterior half setulose except for silvery parts. S5 similar to M. unicolor (see Pl. 9F). Male genitalia with 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.9x as long as epandrium high, dilated posteroapically (1.7x), 3.6x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface with 3 setae along anterior margin (see Pl. 5).</p><p>Special characters: posteroventral side of head strongly setulose; middle prsc in middle of mesonotum.</p><p>Milichiella freyi lectotype, ♀: SPAIN. Canary Is.: Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Tenerife, Icod de los Vinos (28°22'.12" N 16°42'0" W), Frey (NMW, 3218324), in good condition. Milichiella freyi has been described from a series of three female syntypes. However, Frey (1958a) incorrectly cited the presence of holo- and allotypes in the Finnish museum. In my opinion this citation does not constitute a lectotype designation according to ICZN article 74.5 because Frey did not "select" the holotype, he just stated its presence and it is not possible to reconstruct which specimen he meant with the designation " holotype ". One of the specimens in UZMH is apparently lost and there is only a female syntype in the UZMH (Pekka Vilkamaa, pers. comm.) and one in NMW. I here designate the specimen in the NMW as the lectotype.</p><p>Material examined: SPAIN. Canary Is.: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-17.1333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.566668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -17.1333/lat 16.566668)">Santa Cruz de Tenerife</a>, Gomera, Tecina (28°6'0"N 17°7'59.88"W), 11.iv.1975, Báez (♀ USNM, 3217438); Tenerife (28°19'.12" N 16°34'.12"W), XII, Becker (2 ♂ ZMHU, 3217435–6), 10.iii.1974, Báez (♂ USNM, 3217437) .</p><p>Distribution. Canary Islands.</p><p>Remarks. The type series of Milichiella bimaculata consists of an unspecified number of males collected by Becker on Gran-Canaria. The types may be lost. There are two specimens from Tenerife in ZMHU that were later labeled as types, but they do not bear Becker's typical identification label and do not belong to the type series if Becker’s type locality is to be believed. Since the species is easily recognized, there is no need to designate a neotype.</p><p>Milichiella christmas Brake, sp. n.</p><p>Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of subshiny black ocellar triangle, brown calypter and male abdomen with T2–5 brown microtomentose except for silvery anterior half of T3 and anterior two thirds of T4–5.</p><p>Description. Body length: 3.1 mm; wing length: 2.7 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates subshiny black, lunule black, basoflagellomere black, face black microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum brown microtomentose, scutellum and pleuron same, wing hyaline, anterior margin brown, veins brown, brown spot at apex of vein R1 weak, calypter brown, halter black, legs black except for brown tarsi, fore and hind tarsus with yellow brush; abdomen with T2–5 brown microtomentose except for silvery anterior half of T3 and anterior two thirds of T4–5.</p><p>Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2+0.5 frontal setae, middle frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 2.5x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 5.2x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with notch (5om) and narrow emargination (2om).</p><p>Thorax: 3+1 dc, 3+1 prsc, 1+0.6 pprn, row of prs, 2 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc present. Wing with veins R 4+5 and M convergent (3); M-ratio is 1.8. Fore femur densely setulose, tibial organ absent.</p><p>Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T1 into T2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T2 anterolateral corner mostly with 2–5 lines of setae, T2–5 brown parts setulose, except for anterior half or two thirds of T2. S5 about as long as wide, posterior margin about 2.5x as wide as anterior margin, 1.7x as long and 2.8x as wide as S4; posterior half setulose with relatively long setulae (see Pl. 8F). Male genitalia with 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus similar to M. javana, 0.9x as long as epandrium high, dilated apically (1.7x), 3.4x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface with 3–5 setulae along anterior margin moving medially basally (see Pl. 8D).</p><p>Special characters: thoracic setae very long.</p><p>Holotype, ♂: CHRISTMAS I. (10°30'0"S 105°40'.12"E), Andrews (BMNH, 3216180), in fairly good condition.</p><p>Paratypes, same data as HT (3 ♂ BMNH, 3216181–3); CHRISTMAS I. North part of island (10°30'0"S 105°40'.12"E), 1–31.xii.1897, Andrews (4 ♂ BMNH, USNM, 3216184–7) .</p><p>Distribution. Christmas Island.</p><p>Etymology. The species name, christmas, is a noun in apposition and is derived from the type locality.</p><p>Remarks. Some specimens have a less extensive silvery pattern on the male abdomen.</p><p>Milichiella circularis Aldrich, 1931</p><p>Milichiella circularis Aldrich, 1931: 397 . UNITED STATES. Hawaii. HT ♂ BBM. Aldrich 1931: 397 [collected in pineapple fields and near compost]; Bryan 1934: 441 [citations, Hawaii]; Krauss 1945: 317 [Hawaii]; Bianchi 1967: 323 [swarming over mill waste, Hawaii]; Hardy &amp; Delfinado 1980: 363 [figs of male terminalia, males swarming, breeding in decaying vegetation, Hawaii]; Sabrosky 1989: 557 [Australasian/Oceanian catalogue]; Nishida 1992: 111 [Hawaii]; Brake 2000: 105 [world catalogue].</p><p>Milichiella circularis Illingworth, 1929: 234 . Nomen nudum. Illingworth, 1929: 234 [swarming near rubbish dump, Hawaii].</p><p>Milichia circularis . Williams 1931: 308 [Hawaii].</p><p>Milichiella sp. Swezey 1926: 378 [near compost, Hawaii].</p><p>Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of shiny or subshiny ocellar triangle, brown microtomentose mesonotum, male abdomen silvery microtomentose on lateral sides of T2, anterior half of T3, T4 except for posterior margin, and anterior two thirds of T5.</p><p>Description. Body length: 2.8–3.5 mm; wing length: 2.6–2.8 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates shiny or subshiny depending on angle of light, lunule brown, basoflagellomere black, face greyish microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum brown microtomentose, scutellum and pleuron same, wing hyaline, veins light brown, brown spot at apex of vein R1 absent, calypter white with yellow margin, halter black, legs black except for yellow tarsi; abdomen silvery microtomentose on lateral sides of T2, anterior half of T3, T4 except for posterior margin, and anterior two thirds of T5; silvery area more extensive in some specimens.</p><p>Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 2.0x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 4.7x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with wide notch (6om) and narrow emargination (2om).</p><p>Thorax: 2 dc, 2 prsc, 2 pprn, 1+0.7 prs and row of shorter setae, 2+0.5 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc present. Wing with veins R 4+5 and M convergent (2.1); M-ratio is 1.3–1.7. Fore femur slightly more densely setulose, tibial organ absent.</p><p>Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T1 into T2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T2 anterolateral corner mostly with 2 lines of setae but triangular extension with more setae, T2–5 silvery parts bare, black parts setulose, setae at lateral margins of T2 relatively short. S5 2 x as wide and long as S4, roundish, posterior margin indented, scarce setulae. Male genitalia with 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.7x as long as epandrium high, bent posteriorly, dilated apically (1.7x), 3.3x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface with 3–5 setulae along anterior margin moving medially basally (see Pl. 6C).</p><p>Paratypes: UNITED STATES. Hawaii (19°19'12"N 155°16'48"W), Illingworth (2 ♂ USNM, 3216857); Oahu, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-157.85&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.3" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -157.85/lat 21.3)">Honolulu</a> (21°18'0"N 157°51'0"W), 9.ix.1926, Swezey (5 ♂ USNM, 3216851–5), 15.xii.1926, Bryan (♂ USNM, 3216856) .</p><p>Material of questionable identity: GUAM. Anderson AFB [?] (13°28'.12" N 144°49'59.88" E), 1–31.x.1957, Krauss (♂ USNM, 3216872) ; MICRONESIA. Yap: Yap, Colonia (9°31'.12" N 138°7'59.88" E), 1.vii.–31.viii.1950, Goss (♂ USNM, 3216871); PAKISTAN. Punjab: Faisalabad (31°25'.12" N 73°9'0" E), 1–30.ix.1939, Sohi (4 ♂ USNM, 3216860–3) ; PALAU IS. Koror I.: (7°19'59.88"N 134°30'0"E), 2.i.1953, Beardsley (♀ BMNH, 3216874), 6.i.1953 (♂ USNM, 3216866), 6.iv.1953 (♂ USNM, 3216870), 14.iv.1953 (♀ USNM, 3216875), 5.v.1953 (♀ USNM, 3216873), 17.vi.1953 (1 ♂ 1♀ USNM, 3216864–5), 10.vii.1953 (1 ♂ 2♀ BMNH, 3216867–9); TAIWAN. Taipei: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.55&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.15" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.55/lat 25.15)">Yangmingshan</a> (25°9'0"N 121°33'0"E), 22.viii.1980, Cranston (2 ♂ USNM, 3216858–9) .</p><p>Distribution. Hawaii,? Guam,? Pakistan,? Palau Is.,? Taiwan,?Yap.</p><p>Remarks. Specimens have been collected in pineapple fields, near compost, and at light. Questionable specimens have been collected on cattle dung.</p><p>Milichiella formosae Brake, sp. n. (Pl. 3C, F)</p><p>Milichiella bakeri of authors, nec Aldrich [misidentification]. Hennig 1939: 85 [Taiwan, description of female].</p><p>Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of brown microtomentose ocellar triangle and mesonotum, calypter hyaline with brown margin, and silvery microtomentose T2–5.</p><p>Description. Body length: 4.1 mm; wing length: 3.3–3.5 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates brown microtomentose, lunule brown, basoflagellomere black, face greyish microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum brown microtomentose, scutellum and pleuron same except for small shiny spots on an- and katepisternum, wing hyaline, veins brown, brown spot at apex of vein R1 weak, calypter hyaline with brown margin and brown hairs, halter black, legs black except for yellow tip of fore tibia and all basitarsi; abdomen with T2–5 silvery microtomentose. Female coloration and vestiture: halter yellow, abdomen with T2–5 brown microtomentose.</p><p>Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2+0.5 frontal setae, middle frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 2.4x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 5.1x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with wide notch (5–6om) and narrow emargination (1–2om).</p><p>Thorax: 2, 2+1 or 3+1 dc, 1 prsc, 1 pprn, 1+0.7+0.5 prs, 2+0.8 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc present. Wing with veins R 4+5 and M convergent (2.0–2.2); M-ratio is 2.2–2.3. Fore femur slightly more densely setulose, tibial organ absent.</p><p>Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T1 into T2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T2 anterolateral corner with mostly 2 lines of setae but triangular extension with more setae, T2–5 posterior margins with 1 row of setulae, posterolateral corner of T2 with 2 rows. S5 1.2 –1.3x as long as wide, 1.5x as long and 2.1–2.2x as wide as S4, extremely setulose posterolaterally (Pl. 3F). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus about as long as longest epandrial seta, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 1.2–1.3x as long as epandrium high, bent posteriorly, dilated apically (2.1x), 8.0–8.9x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface with line of long setae along anterior margin (Pl. 3C).</p><p>Holotype, ♂: TAIWAN. (23°30'0"N 121°0'0"E), Sauter (DEI, 3218272), in good condition, original labels: "Formosa [H]", "??? Roth [H, undecipherable]", "coll. Oldenberg [P]", "spinthera / det.? [H]".</p><p>Paratypes, same data as HT (4 ♂ 3♀ DEI, BMNH, 3218266–71, 3218273); TAIWAN. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=120.31056&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.306944" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 120.31056/lat 23.306944)">Tao-yuan</a> [=Toyenmongai] (23°18'25"N 120°18'38"E) (14 ♂ HNHM, 3218450–63) ; INDIA. Meghalaya: Nongpoh-Forest [=Nongph?] (25°54'0"N 91°54'0"E), 25–28.iv.1980, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=91.9&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.9" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 91.9/lat 25.9)">Freidberg</a> (♂ USNM, 3215796) .</p><p>Distribution. India, Taiwan.</p><p>Etymology. The species name, formosae, is a genitive noun derived from the former name of the type locality, Formosa, which is Portuguese for beautiful.</p><p>Milichiella javana de Meijere, 1911 (Pl. 8D, H)</p><p>Milichiella javana de Meijere, 1911: 427 . INDONESIA. Java: Semarang, 6°58’S, 110°29’E. HT ♂ ZMAN. De Meijere 1918: 353 [citation]; Sabrosky 1977: 273 [Oriental catalogue]; Brake 2000: 105 [world catalogue]; Jong 2000: 102 [type information].</p><p>Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of slightly brown microtomentose mesonotum, 3+1 dc, white calypter with brown margin, and silvery microtomentose male T2–5.</p><p>Description. Body length:&gt; 2.5 mm; wing length: 2.8 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and upper orbital plates shiny black, lunule brown or black, basoflagellomere black, face greyish microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum slightly brown microtomentose, scutellum and pleuron brown microtomentose, except for shiny spots on an- and katepisternum, wing hyaline, veins yellow, brown spot at apex of vein R1 weak, calypter white with brown margin, halter black, legs black except for yellow basitarsi; abdomen with T2–5 silvery microtomentose except for anterolateral corner of T2 and shiny black posterolateral corner of T5.</p><p>Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 2.5x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 3.8–4.1x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with wide notch (6om) and narrow emargination (2om).</p><p>Thorax: 3+1 dc, 2 prsc, 2 pprn, 1+0.8 prs and row of shorter setae, 2 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc present. Wing with veins R 4+5 and M convergent (2.9); M-ratio is 1.8. Fore femur densely setulose, tibial organ absent.</p><p>Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T1 into T2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T2 anterolateral corner mostly with 2 lines of setae but triangular extension with more, T2–5 posterior margin with 1–2 rows of setulae, more on lateral sides of T2; T5 shiny parts with long setae. S5 1.2 x as long as wide, 2.0x as long and 2.2x as wide as S4, posterior margin indented, setulose on posterior half (Pl.8Pl. 8: A–D. Surstylus. A. M. spinthera, HT; B. M. bakeri . C. M. longiseta; D. M. javana, HT; E–H. Male sternite 4 and 5. E. M. spinthera, HT; F. M. bakeri; G. M. longiseta; H. M. javana, HT. Scale bar: 0.1.H). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus longer than epandrial setae and 1 setae on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.8x as long as epandrium high, bent posteriorly, dilated apically (1.6x), 2.7x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface with 3–5 setulae along anterior margin moving medially basally (Pl. 8Pl. 8: A–D. Surstylus. A. M. spinthera, HT; B. M. bakeri . C. M. longiseta; D. M. javana, HT; E–H. Male sternite 4 and 5. E. M. spinthera, HT; F. M. bakeri; G. M. longiseta; H. M. javana, HT. Scale bar: 0.1.D).</p><p>Holotype, ♂: INDONESIA. Java: Semarang (6°58'S, 110°29'E), 1–30.iv.1909, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=110.48333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.9666667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 110.48333/lat -6.9666667)">Jacobson</a> (ZMAN, 3215797), in good condition, abdomen dissected.</p><p>Additional material examined: INDONESIA. Java: Semarang, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=110.48334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.9666667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 110.48334/lat -6.9666667)">Djerakah</a> (6°58'0"S 110°28'60"E), 1–31.viii.1910, Jacobson (♂ ZMAN, 3215798) ; SRI LANKA. Northern: Mannar Distr., Kondachchi (8°43'.12" N 79°58'.12"E), 20.ix.1975, Sands (♂ BMNH, 3215939) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=80.0333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.7" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 80.0333/lat 8.7)">Ma Villu</a> (8°42'0"N 80°1'59.88"E), 16–19.ix.1980, Krombein et al. (4 ♂ USNM, BMNH, 3215904–7) ; TAIWAN. T’ai-p’ing-ling [= <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.37831&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.11502" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.37831/lat 25.11502)">Taihorin</a>] (25°6'54.07"N 121°22'41.9"E), 1–31.vii.1911, Sauter (3 ♂ HNHM, 3218465–7) ; TANZANIA. Dar-es-salaam (6°51'0"S 39°18'0"E), 1–30.ix.1937, Saska (5 ♂ HNHM, 3218445–9) .</p><p><a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=120.86666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 120.86666/lat 22.0)">Material</a> of questionable identity: MALAYSIA. Sabah: 10 km SW Tambunan (5°40'.12" N 116°22'.12"E), 30.viii.1983, Hevel &amp; Steiner (2 ♂ USNM, 3216189–90); TAIWAN. Kang-kou [=Kankau] (22°0'0"N 120°51'59.98"E), 1–30.iv.1912, Sauter (3 ♂ HNHM, 3218468, 3218472, 3218474); Tah-pan [=Tapani], 1–31.iii.1911, Sauter (4 ♂ HNHM, 3218469–71, 3218473) .</p><p>Distribution. Tanzania; Sri Lanka, Java, Taiwan,?Borneo.</p><p>Remarks. Milichiella longiseta Hardy &amp; Delfinado and M. spinthera Hendel are possibly synonymous with M. javana, but more material, especially of the latter two species, needs to be studied to evaluate the variation within the species.</p><p>Milichiella sp. B</p><p>Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of brown microtomentose mesonotum, calypter light brown with brown margin, yellowish basitarsi, silvery microtomentose male T2–5 and shape of surstylus.</p><p>Description. Body length: 2.5–3.5 mm; wing length: 2.8 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates shiny black, lunule brown, basoflagellomere black, face brown microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum brown microtomentose, scutellum and pleuron brown microtomentose except for shiny spots on an- and katepisternum, wing hyaline, veins light brown, brown spot at apex of vein R1 absent, calypter light brown with brown margin, halter black, legs black except for yellowish basitarsi; abdomen with T2–5 silvery microtomentose.</p><p>Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 2.3x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 4.7x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with notch (6om) and emargination (2om).</p><p>Thorax: 2 dc, 1 prsc, 1 pprn, 2 prs, 2 keps setae, posterior prsc as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc present. Wing with veins R 4+5 and M convergent; M-ratio is 2. Fore femur densely setulose, tibial organ absent.</p><p>Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T1 into T2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T2–5 posterior margin with one row of setulae, T2 posterolaterally with more rows, T2 without tuft of long setae. S5 1.2 x as long as wide, 1.8x as long and 3.3x as wide as S4, roughly triangular shape, setulose with more setula at posterior margin. Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus longer than epandrial setae, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.6x as long as epandrium high, bent posteriorly, dilated apically (1.8x), 2.5x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface with few setulae along anterior margin, sensilla along margin.</p><p>Material examined: MALAYSIA. Kuala Lumpur: Kuala Lumpur Gardens (3°10'.12" N 101°42'0" E), 16.vi.1938, Pendlebury (♂ BMNH, 3215899); Kuala Lumpur (3°10'.12" N 101°42'0" E), 25.viii.1922, Pendlebury (2 ♂ BMNH, 3215900) .</p><p>Distribution. Malaysia.</p><p>Remarks. Milichiella sp. B is not named because the specimens are in poor condition and may represent a variety of another species. Specimens have been collected flying in hot sunshine, near a Croton bush ( Euphorbiaceae).</p><p>Milichiella lacteiventris Malloch, 1931 (Pl. 9D, H)</p><p>Milichiella lacteiventris Malloch, 1931: 77 . AUSTRALIA. Queensland: Eidsvold. HT ♂ AMS. Lee et al. 1956: 322 [type information]; Sabrosky 1989: 557 [Australasian/Oceanian catalogue]; Brake 2000: 105 [world catalogue].</p><p>Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of slightly brown microtomentose mesonotum and male abdomen with T2 brown microtomentose except for silvery posterolateral corner, T3–4 silvery microtomentose except for brown microtomentose posteromedial spot which shimmers silvery depending on the direction of light, T5 silvery microtomentose.</p><p>Description. Body length: 2 mm; wing length: 2.6 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates shiny black, lunule brown, basoflagellomere black, face greyish microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum slightly brown microtomentose, scutellum and pleuron same, except for shiny spots on an- and katepisternum, wing hyaline, veins brown, brown spot at apex of vein R1 very weak, calypter hyaline to yellowish, halter black, legs black except for yellow tarsi; abdomen with T2 brown microtomentose except for silvery posterolateral corner, T3–4 silvery microtomentose except for brown microtomentose posteromedial spot which shimmers silvery depending on the direction of light, T5 silvery microtomentose.</p><p>Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 1.9x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 3.0x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with notch (5om) and emargination (2om).</p><p>Thorax: 2+1 dc, 2 prsc, 1+0.8 pprn, 1+0.8 prs, 2+0.6 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc present. Wing with veins R 4+5 and M convergent (2.7); M-ratio is 1.9. Fore femur densely setulose, tibial organ absent.</p><p>Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T1 into T2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T2 anterolateral corner with 2–3 lines of setae, T2–5 setulose. S5 1.1 x as long as wide, 1.8x as long and 1.9x as wide as S4, setulose with longer setae posterolateral (Pl. 9H). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus about as long as longest epandrial seta, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.8x as long as epandrium high, bent posteriorly, dilated apically (1.7x), 1.8x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface with 3–5 setulae along anterior margin moving medially basally (Pl. 9D).</p><p>Holotype, ♂. AUSTRALIA. Queensland: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=151.06667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.366667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 151.06667/lat -25.366667)">Eidsvold</a> (25°22'S, 151°4'E), (AMS, 3217848; K 232315), in good condition but head missing.</p><p>Additional material examined: AUSTRALIA. Queensland: Eidsvold (25°22'S, 151°4'E) (2 ♂, ANIC, 3217849), [topotypes]; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=151.25&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.85" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 151.25/lat -23.85)">Gladstone</a> (23°51'S, 151°15'E), 19.xii.1961, McAlpine (2$ AMS, 3217851) . Western Australia: Lulingui Station, near Derby, West Kimberley (17°19'.12'' S 123°37'59.88'' E), 26.viii.1929, Mackerras &amp; Campbell (2# ANIC, 3217850) .</p><p>Material of questionable identity: AUSTRALIA. Northern Territory: Palmerston, (13°19'59.88''S 130°18'0''E), 1–31.xii.1908, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=146.2&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.583302" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 146.2/lat -18.583302)">Lichtwardt</a> (# DEI, 3218261); Standley Chasm, NW <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=146.2&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.583302" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 146.2/lat -18.583302)">Jay Creek</a> (23°52'.12'' S 133°27'0'' E), 4.x.1972, Liepa (2# ANIC, 3217853). Queensland: Ingham (18°34'59.88''S 146°12'0''E), 15.iii.1961, Harley (2# ANIC, 3217852) .</p><p>Distribution. Australia (Queensland, Western Australia,? Northern Territory).</p><p>Remarks. Males with completely silvery abdomens could possibly be varieties of M. lacteiventris .</p><p>Pl. 9: A–B. Milichiella unicolor . A. Surstylus; B. Male genitalia, lateral view. C–E. Male genitalia, lateral view. C. M. nigeriae nigeriae; D. M. lacteiventris; E. M. sp. D. F–I. Male sternite 4 and 5. F. M. unicolor; G. M. nigeriae nigeriae; H. M. lacteiventris; I. M. sp. D. Scale bar: 0.1.</p><p>Milichiella longiseta Hardy &amp; Delfinado, 1980 (Pl.8C, G)</p><p>Milichiella longiseta Hardy &amp; Delfinado, 1980: 365 . UNITED STATES. Hawaii: Oahu, Honolulu. HT ♂ BBM. Hardy &amp; Delfinado, 1980: 365 [figs of head, male abdomen, terminalia, swarming]; Sabrosky 1989: 557 [Australasian/ Oceanian catalogue]; Nishida 1992: 111 [Hawaii]; Brake 2000: 106 [world catalogue].</p><p>Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of slightly brown microtomentose mesonotum, 2 dc, calypter hyaline with yellow to brown margin and yellow hairs.</p><p>Description. Body length: 3.1–3.7 mm; wing length: 2.6 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates shiny black, lunule black, basoflagellomere brown, face greyish microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum slightly brown microtomentose, scutellum and pleuron brown microtomentose except for shiny spots on an- and katepisternum, wing hyaline, veins light brown, brown spot at apex of vein R1 very weak, calypter hyaline with yellow to brown margin and yellow hairs, halter black, legs black except for yellowish tarsi; abdomen with T2–5 silvery microtomentose.</p><p>Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 2.4x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 3.7x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with wide notch (6–7om) and narrow emargination (1–2om).</p><p>Thorax: 2 dc, 2 prsc, 2 pprn, 1+0.8 prs and row of shorter setae, 2+0.6 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc present. Wing with veins R 4+5 and M convergent (2.6); M-ratio is 1.7. Fore femur densely setulose, tibial organ absent.</p><p>Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T1 into T2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T2 anterolateral corner mostly with 2 lines of setae but triangular extension with more setae, T2–5 posterior margin with 1 row of setulae, more on posterolateral margins of T2, tip of T5 with long setae. S5 more than 2x as wide and 2x as long as S4, roundish, posterior margin more angular, indented, slightly setulose (Pl. 8G). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus longer than epandrial setae, 1–2 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.6x as long as epandrium high, bent posteriorly, dilated apically (1.7x), 2.2x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface with 3–5 setulae along anterior margin moving medially basally (Pl. 8C).</p><p>Paratypes: UNITED STATES. Hawaii: Oahu, Hills behind <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-157.85&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.3" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -157.85/lat 21.3)">Dillingham Air Force Base</a> (21°25'59.88"N 157°58'.12"W), 1.xi.1970, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-157.85&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.3" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -157.85/lat 21.3)">Gagne</a> (2 ♂ BMNH, 3215940–1); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-157.85&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.3" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -157.85/lat 21.3)">Honolulu</a> (21°18'0"N 157°51'0"W), 8.iii.1951, Beardsley (2 ♂ BMNH, 3215942–3), 1–30.ix.1951 (4 ♂ BMNH, USNM, 3215944–7), 23.xi.1968, Delfinado (♂ USNM, 3215948), 5.iii.1955, Ikeda (2 ♂ USNM, 3215949–50) .</p><p>Additional material examined: MALAYSIA. Sabah: 17 km S <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=116.1833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.35" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 116.1833/lat 5.35)">Keningau</a> (5°21'0"N 116°10'59.88"E), 31.viii.1983, Hevel &amp; Steiner (3 ♂ USNM, 3215901–3) ; PALAU IS. Babelthuap I.: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=134.6&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=7.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 134.6/lat 7.5)">Ngerehelong</a> (7°30'0"N 134°36'0"E), 6.v.1957, Sabrosky (7 ♂ USNM, 3215963–6, 3215968–70) . Koror I.: (7°19'59.88"N 134°30'0"E), 1.iv.1953, Beardsley (3 ♂ USNM, 3215971, 3215973–4) .</p><p>Distribution. Hawaii; Malaysia and Palau Islands.</p><p>Remarks. Specimens have been collected swarming at 11am–12 pm.</p><p>Milichiella melaleuca (Loew, 1863), nomen dubium</p><p>Argyrites melaleuca Loew, 1863: 16 . SOUTH AFRICA. "Bloemfontain". T ♂ lost?.</p><p>Argyrites melaleucus . Mik 1887: 180 [citation].</p><p>Milichiella melaleuca . Becker 1907: 512, 536 [as a synonym of M. argentea]. Sabrosky 1980: 688 [Afrotropical catalogue]; Brake 2000: 106 [world catalogue].</p><p>Milichia melaleuca . Bezzi 1908: 193 [Eritrea].</p><p>Diagnosis. Differs from most congeners in the combination of white wing, black legs, and male T2–5 silvery microtomentose.</p><p>Description according to original description. Male coloration and vestiture: basoflagellomere black; thorax black, wing white, halter black, legs black; abdomen with T2–5 silvery microtomentose.</p><p>Wing with veins R 4+5 and M convergent.</p><p>Distribution. South Africa.</p><p>Remarks. The type of Milichiella melaleuca is not in the ZMHU or MCZ and is probably lost. This species is not identifiable from the description, and is therefore a nomen dubium. Milichiella melaleuca is possibly a senior synonym of M. argentiventris Hendel, based on the white wings. It is not synonymous to M. argentea because of the different wing colour (see remarks under that species).</p><p>Milichiella nigeriae nigeriae (Duda, 1935) (Pl.9C, G)</p><p>Milichia (Pareccoptomma) nigeriae Duda, 1935: 26 . NIGERIA. Gadau. LT ♂ BMNH [pres. des.]. Duda 1935: 26 [swarming near baobab].</p><p>Eccoptomma nigeriae . Sabrosky 1958: 4 [combination].</p><p>Milichiella nigeriae . Sabrosky 1980: 688 [combination, Afrotropical catalogue]; Brake 2000: 106 [world catalogue].</p><p>Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of 4 dc, 2 prsc, and male abdomen with T2–5 silvery microtomentose except for brown spot in middle of T2 and brown posteromedial third or half of T3–4.</p><p>Description. Body length: 2.2–3.5 mm; wing length: 2.8 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates shiny black, lunule black, basoflagellomere black, face black microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum brown microtomentose, scutellum and pleuron same except for big shiny spot on an- and katepisternum, scutellum slightly stronger brown microtomentose than mesonotum, wing hyaline, veins light brown, brown spot at apex of vein R1 absent, calypter hyaline, halter black, legs black, hind tarsus with yellow brush; abdomen with T2–5 silvery microtomentose except for brown spot in middle of T2 and brown posteromedial third or half of T3–4.</p><p>Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 2.2x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 6.1x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with wide notch (6om) and emargination (2om).</p><p>Thorax: 3+1 dc, 2 prsc, 2 pprn, 1+0.7 prs, 2+0.5 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc present. Wing with veins R 4+5 and M convergent (2.4); M-ratio is 1.5–1.7. Fore femur slightly more densely setulose, tibial organ absent.</p><p>Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T1 into T2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T2 anterolateral corner mostly with 2 lines of setae but triangular extension with more setae, T2–5 silvery parts bare, brown parts setulose, lateral margins with long setae. S5 wider and longer than S4, roundish, posterior margin indented (Pl. 9G). Male genitalia with hypandrium long, apical seta on cercus longer than surstylus, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.7x as long than epandrium high, dilated apically (1.5x), slightly bent posteriorly, 2.4x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface with 3–5 setulae along anterior margin moving medially basally (Pl.9).</p><p>Special characters: setae long and thin.</p><p>Lectotype, ♂: NIGERIA. Gadau (11°49'59.88"N 10°10'.12"E), 6.vi.1933, Lewis (BMNH, 3217570), in good condition. The type series consists of 10 males from Nigeria, Gadau, 24.iv or 6.vi 1933 in BMNH. There are 52 specimens from this locality with this date in BMNH and 7 in ZMHU. Ten of the BMNH specimens bear Duda's identification label, with one labeled as “Typus” by Duda, the others as “Cotypus”. Six of the ZMHU specimens also bear Duda's identification label but without type designation. I here designate the specimen labeled as type as lectotype, with the specimens labeled as cotypes as paralectotypes. The other specimens are not types. The purpose of the designation is to fix the specimen that Duda intended as the primary type.</p><p>Paralectotypes, same data as LT (8 ♂ BMNH, 3217571–8), 24.iv.1933 (♂ BMNH, 3217579) .</p><p>Additional material examined: NIGERIA. Gadau (11°49'59.88"N 10°10'.12"E), 1933, Buxton &amp; Lewis (4 ♂ BMNH, 3217622–5), 24.iv.1933, Lewis (3 ♂ BMNH, ZMHU, 3217621, 3217905–6), 6.vi.1933 (46 ♂ BMNH, ZMHU, 3217580–620, 3217907–11); Zaria: Between Maigana &amp; Soba (10°58'59.88"N 8°4'.12"E), 1.iv.1973, Knutson &amp; Deeming (8 ♂ USNM, 3217895–902) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=10.5833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.6333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 10.5833/lat 8.6333)">Shika</a> (8°37'59.88"N 10°34'59.88"E), 26.i.1975, Deeming (♂ USNM, 3217894) ; GHANA. Kwadaso, 17.iii.1969, Endroyi (♂ HNHM, 3218429) .</p><p>Distribution. Ghana, Nigeria.</p><p>Remarks. Specimens have been collected swarming near Baobab.</p><p>Milichiella nigeriae acrosticalis (Sabrosky, 1958)</p><p>Eccoptomma acrosticalis Sabrosky, 1958: 2 . TANZANIA. Ngaruka, W Meru. HT ♂ SMNS. Syn. nov.</p><p>Milichiella acrosticalis . Sabrosky 1980: 688 [combination, Afrotropical catalogue]; Brake 2000: 104 [world catalogue].</p><p>Diagnosis. Differs from M. nigeriae only in the presence of 4 prsc.</p><p>Description. Body length: 3.3 mm; wing length: 2.7 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates shiny black, lunule black, basoflagellomere black, face greyish microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum brown microtomentose, scutellum and pleuron same except for big shiny spot on an- and katepisternum, wing hyaline, veins light brown, brown spot at apex of vein R1 absent, calypter hyaline, halter black, legs black, hind tarsus with yellow brush; abdomen with T2–5 silvery microtomentose except for brown spot in middle of T2 and brown posteromedial third or half of T3–4.</p><p>Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2+0.5 frontal setae, middle frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 2.2x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 4.7x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with wide notch (6om) and emargination (2om).</p><p>Thorax: 3+1 dc, 3+1 prsc, 2 pprn, 1+0.7+0.4 prs, 2+0.6 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc present. Wing with veins R 4+5 and M convergent (2.8); Mratio is 1.7. Fore femur slightly more densely setulose, tibial organ absent.</p><p>Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T1 into T2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T2 anterolateral corner mostly with 2 lines of setae but triangular extension with more setae, T2–5 silvery parts bare, brown parts setulose, lateral margins with long setae. S5 wider and longer than S4, roundish, posterior margin indented. Male genitalia with hypandrium long, long seta on cercus longer than surstylus, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.7x as long than epandrium high, dilated apically (1.5x), slightly bent posteriorly, 2.4x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface with 3–5 setulae along anterior margin moving medially basally (Pl. 9C).</p><p>Special characters: setae long and thin.</p><p>Paratypes: TANZANIA. Ngaruka, W Meru (3°15'0"S 36°45'0"E), 29.i.–14.ii.1952 (2 ♂ USNM, 3217903–4) .</p><p>Additional material examined: KENYA. Eastern: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=36.9833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.45" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 36.9833/lat -1.45)">Athi</a> (1°27'0"S 36°58'59.88"E), 1–31.v.1946, van Someren (10 ♂ BMNH, 3217881–90) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=36.833298&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.2833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 36.833298/lat -1.2833)">Nairobi area</a>: 48.3 km NW Nairobi (1°16'59.88"S 36°49'59.88"E), 13.i.1968, Krombein (2 ♂ USNM, 3217892–3) ; MALAWI. Southern: Blantyre (15°46'.12" S 35°0'0" E), 1914, Davey (3 ♂ BMNH, 3217878–80); TANZANIA. Makoa (3°21'0"S 37°19'.12"E) , 19.i.1959, Lindner (♂ USNM, 3217891); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=33.4&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.55" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 33.4/lat -3.55)">Old</a> Shinyanga (3°33'0"S 33°24'0"E), 15.i.1952, Burtt (32 ♂ BMNH, 3217626–38) .</p><p>Distribution. Eastern Africa.</p><p>Remarks. Paratypes of M. acrosticalis were compared with M. nigeriae and found to differ only in the number of prescutellar setae. As there are several cases of varying numbers of thoracic setae within one species in Milichiella, M. acrosticalis is synonymized with M. nigeriae but retained as an eastern subspecies.</p><p>Milichiella sp. C</p><p>Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of slightly brown microtomentose mesonotum, 3+1 dc, 3+1 prsc, male T2–5 silvery microtomentose except for brownish spot near abdominal triangle.</p><p>Description. Body length: 2.7 mm; wing length: 2.5 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates shiny black, lunule brown, basoflagellomere black, face greyish microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum slightly brown microtomentose, pleuron same, except for shiny spots on anepisternum and katepisternum, scutellum brown microtomentose, wing hyaline, veins yellow, brown spot at apex of vein R1 weak, calypter white, halter black, legs black; abdomen with T2–5 silvery microtomentose, except for brownish spot near abdominal triangle.</p><p>Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2+0.5 frontal setae, middle frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 2.8x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 4.0x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with wide notch (6–7om) and emargination (2om).</p><p>Thorax: 3+1 dc, 3+1 prsc, 2 pprn, 1+0.7 prs, 2+0.6 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc present. Wing with veins R 4+5 and M convergent (2.5); M-ratio is 1.8. Fore femur densely setulose, tibial organ?.</p><p>Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T1 into T2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T2 anterolateral corner mostly with 2 lines of setae but triangular extension with more setae, T2–4 posterior margin with 1 row of setulae. S5 about 1.1x as long as wide, about 1.8x as long and 2.0x as wide as S4, setulose with larger setae posteriorly (see Pl. 9F). Male genitalia same as M. unicolor, 2 setae on subepandrial plate, surstylus ~0.8x as long as epandrium high, bent posteriorly, dilated apically (1.5x), 3.0x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface with 3–5 setulae along anterior margin moving medially basally (see Pl. 9B).</p><p>Special characters: nearly no setulae directly anterior to prsc and posterior dc.</p><p>Material examined: KENYA. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=36.833298&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.6" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 36.833298/lat -0.6)">Nairobi area</a>: Nairobi, Zone H, HZS 3181 (1°16'59.88"S 36°49'59.88"E), 1–30.ix.1951, Edwards (2 ♂ BMNH, 3216172), 10.x.1951 (6 ♂ BMNH, 3216173–5); MOZAMBIQUE. Maputo: Maputo (25°58'.12" S 32°34'59.88" E), 1.iv.–31.vii.1914, Junod (2 ♂ BMNH, 3215923); SOUTH AFRICA. KwaZulu-Natal: Weenen (28°51'0"S 30°4'.12"E), 1–28.ii.1925, Thomasset (2 ♂ BMNH, 3216177); Transvaal, Lichtenburg, Brauns (♂ HNHM, 3218399); UGANDA. Southern: Mbarara (0°36'0"S 30°40'.12"E), 15.xi.1934, Edwards (2 ♂ BMNH, 3216176) .</p><p>Distribution. Eastern to southern Africa.</p><p>Milichiella sp. C is possibly only a variety of M. nigeriae acrosticalis with more extensive silvery microtomentum on the male tergites.</p><p>Milichiella nigripes Malloch, 1931 (Pl 6B, F)</p><p>Milichiella nigripes Malloch, 1931: 77 . AUSTRALIA. New South Wales: Sydney. HT ♂ AMS. Lee et al. 1956: 326 [type information]; Sabrosky 1989: 557 [Australasian/Oceanian catalogue]; Brake 2000: 106 [world catalogue].</p><p>Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of shiny black mesonotum, dark calypter and silvery microtomentose male T2–5.</p><p>Description. Body length: 2–2.7 mm; wing length: 2.7–2.8 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates shiny black, lunule black, basoflagellomere black, face brown microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum shiny black, scutellum and pleuron brown microtomentose, wing hyaline, veins brown, brown spot at apex of vein R1 weak, calypter brown with dark margin, halter black, legs black except for yellow basitarsi, fore and hind tarsus with yellow brush; abdomen with T2–5 silvery microtomentose except for anterolateral corner of T2 and shiny black posterolateral corner of T5.</p><p>Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2+0.5 frontal setae, middle frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 2.3x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 3.5x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with notch (5–6om) and narrow emargination (1–2om).</p><p>Thorax: 2 dc, 1 prsc, 1 pprn, 2+0.8 prs, 2 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc present. Wing with veins R 4+5 and M convergent (2.7); M-ratio is 1.6. Fore femur densely setulose, tibial organ absent.</p><p>Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T1 into T2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T2 anterolateral corner with more than 3 lines of setae, T2–5 posterior margin with 2 rows of scarce setulae; T5 shiny parts with long setae. S5 about 1.1x as long as wide, about 1.9x as long and 2.5x as wide as S4, setulose, posterior margin indented (Pl. 6F). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus longer than epandrial setae, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.6x as long as epandrium high, dilated posteroapically (1.5x), 1.9x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface with 3–5 setulae along anterior margin moving medially basally (Pl. 6B).</p><p>Special characters: pair of 0.7 setae between postocellar setae and second 0.5 pair of setae on ocellar triangle.</p><p>Holotype, ♂: AUSTRALIA. New South Wales: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=151.21666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.88333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 151.21666/lat -33.88333)">Sydney</a> (33°52'60"S 151°13'0"E), 1–28.ii.1924 (AMS, 3217834; K 232642), in good condition.</p><p>Paratype, same data as HT (♂ USNM, 3215959) .</p><p>Additional material examined: AUSTRALIA. New South Wales: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=151.21666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-151.23329" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 151.21666/lat -151.23329)">Sydney</a> (33°52'60"S 151°13'0"E), 1–28.ii.1924 (2 ♂ AMS, 3217835–6); Bronte, near Sydney (33°55'S, 151°13'E), 24.iii.1967, McAlpine (4 ♂ AMS, BMNH, 3217837–40); Mosman (33°49'.12" S 151°13'59.88" E), 20.ii.1924, Mackerras (7 ♂ ANIC, 3217841–7) .</p><p>Distribution. Australia (New South Wales).</p><p>Milichiella pseudodectes (Séguy, 1933) (Pl. 5A, E)</p><p>Milichia pseudodectes Séguy, 1933: 50 . Mozambique. Chiramba. LT ♂ MNHNP [pres. des.].</p><p>Milichiella pseudodectes . Sabrosky 1980: 688 [combination, Afrotropical catalogue]; Brake 2000: 106 [world catalogue].</p><p>Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of 1 prsc, yellow bases and tips of tibiae, brown microtomentose male T2–5 except for shiny tip of T5.</p><p>Description. Body length: 1.8 mm; wing length:? mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and orbital plate slightly brown microtomentose, lunule black, basoflagellomere black, face black microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum microtomentose (probably brown), scutellum and pleuron same, wing hyaline, veins brown, brown spot at apex of vein R1 absent, calypter apparently brown with brown margin and yellow hairs, halter black, legs black except for yellow bases and tips of tibiae, and basitarsi; abdomen with T2–5 brown microtomentose except for shiny tip of T5.</p><p>Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta slightly medioproclinate. In males frons 2.3x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 3.4x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with notch (4–5 om) and emargination (1–2om).</p><p>Thorax: 2 dc, 1 prsc, 1? pprn, 1? prs,? keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc present. Wing with veins R 4+5 and M convergent; M-ratio is 2.0. Fore femur normal setulose, tibial organ absent.</p><p>Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T1 into T2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T2 anterolateral corner with more than 3 lines of setae, T2–4 posterior half setulose, T5 posterior 2/3 setulose. S5 1.1 x as long as wide, 1.6x as long and 1.2x as wide as S4, setulose, posterior margin indented (Pl. 5E). Male genitalia with 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.9x as long as epandrium high, bent posteriorly, dilated apically (1.9x), 5.9x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface with 3–5 setulae along anterior margin moving medially basally (Pl. 5A).</p><p>Lectotype, ♂: MOZAMBIQUE. Sofala: Chiramba (16°55'.12" S 34°40'.12"E), mid January 1929, Lesne (MNHNP, 3219071), specimen has been tainted with liquid so that the colours are not true any more, one wing and several legs missing, abdomen dissected. The number of type specimens is not stated in the original description. The single specimen present in MNHNP is here designated as lectotype.</p><p>Distribution. Mozambique.</p><p>Milichiella quintargentea Brake, sp. n.</p><p>Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the slightly brown microtomentose mesonotum and male abdomen with T1–4 brown microtomentose, T5 silvery grey microtomentose except for brown anterior margin.</p><p>Description. Body length: 2.4 mm; wing length: 2.5 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates shiny black, lunule brown, basoflagellomere black, face brown microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum slightly brown microtomentose, scutellum and pleuron brown microtomentose except for big shiny spot on an- and katepisternum, wing hyaline, veins brown, brown spot at apex of vein R1 absent, calypter white, halter black, legs black except for brownish tarsi; abdomen with T1–4 brown microtomentose, T5 silvery grey microtomentose except for brown anterior margin. Female coloration and vestiture: halter yellow, abdomen with T2–4 brown microtomentose, T5 shiny except for microtomentose anterior margin.</p><p>Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2+0.5 frontal setae, middle frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 2.0x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 5.3x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with wide notch (6om, female: 4–5om) and narrow emargination (1–2om).</p><p>Thorax: 3+1 (var.: 2) dc, 2 prsc, 1+0.7 pprn, 1+0.6+0.6 prs, 2 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc present. Wing with veins R 4+5 and M convergent (2.5–3.3); M-ratio is 1.8–1.9. Fore femur densely setulose, tibial organ absent.</p><p>Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T1 into T2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T2 anterolateral corner with 2–3 lines of setae, T2–5 at least posterior half setulose. S5 1.1 x as long as wide, 1.6x as long and 1.9x as wide as S4, heart shaped (see Pl. 9H). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus longer than epandrial setae; hypandrium long, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.6x as long as epandrium high, bent posteriorly, dilated apically (1.6x), 2.3x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface with 3–5 setulae along anterior margin moving medially basally (see Pl. 6C).</p><p>Holotype, ♂: NIGERIA. Niger: Mokwa (9°19'.12" N 5°0'0" E), 15.vii.1977, Johnson (USNM, 3217411), in good condition.</p><p>Paratype: TANZANIA. Tanga: Tanga (5°7'.12" S 39°4'59.88" E), 21.i.1967, Nathanie (♂ CNC, 3217410) .</p><p>Milichiella quintargentea var.: INDIA. Andhra Pradesh: Hyderabad (17°22'.12" N 78°25'59.88" E), 5.xi.1971, Pont (♂ BMNH, 3217409); PAKISTAN. Punjab: Faisalabad (31°25'.12" N 73°9'0" E), 1–31.vii.1939, Sohi (2♀ USNM, 3217417–8), 1–31.viii.1939 (2 ♂ USNM, 3217413–4), 1–31.viii.1939, Sapra (3 ♂ 1♀ USNM, 3217412, 3217415–6, 3217419) ; SAUDI ARABIA. Asir: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=42.506&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.767" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 42.506/lat 17.767)">Maraba</a> (17°46'1.2"N 42°30'21.6"E), 15.x.–30.xi.2004, Dawah (♂ NMWC, 3219182) ; UNITED ARAB EMIRATES. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=56.2356&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.35" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 56.2356/lat 25.35)">Al-Ajban</a> (23°31'.12" N 54°19'59.88" E), 26.vi.–25.vii.2006, van Harten (1 ♂ 11♀ NMWC, 3219165–76), 2–22.xi.2006 (1 ♂ 2♀ NMWC, 3219177–9); Bitnah (25°11'25.08"N 56°14'8.16"E), 4.vii.–12.viii.2006, van Harten (2♀ NMWC, 3219180–1); Sharjah, Sharjah Desert Park (25°21'0"N 55°22'.12"E), 4–8.xii.2004, van Harten (♂ NMWC, 3219164), 20.xi.2004 (♂ NMWC, 3219163) .</p><p>Distribution: Nigeria and Tanzania, variety from India, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and United Arab States.</p><p>Etymology. The species name, quintargentea, is an adjective derived from the Latin quintus = five and argenteus = silver, referring to the silvery fifth tergite of the males.</p><p>Remarks. Specimens from India, United Arab Emirates, and Saudi Arabia with 2 dc. Milichiella quintargentea has been reared from rotten yam tubers. The variety has been collected on cattle dung and in yellow pan, light, and Malaise traps.</p><p>Milichiella solitaria (Lamb, 1914) (Pl. 6D, H)</p><p>Eccoptomma solitarium Lamb, 1914: 361 . SEYCHELLES. Mahé: Cascade Estate, 800 ft or above. LT ♂ BMNH [pres. des.].</p><p>Milichiella solitaria . Sabrosky 1980: 688 [Afrotropical catalogue]; Brake 2000: 106 [world catalogue].</p><p>Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of subshiny black ocellar triangle, 3+1 dc, black tibiae, and silvery microtomentose male T2–5.</p><p>Description. Body length: 3.2 mm; wing length: 2.9 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates subshiny, lunule black, basoflagellomere black, face greyish microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum brown microtomentose, scutellum brown microtomentose (densely when viewed from anterior, otherwise weakly), pleuron same, wing hyaline, veins brown, brown spot at apex of vein R1 weak, calypter light brown with brown margin, halter black, legs black except for brown tarsi, fore and hind tarsus with yellow brush; abdomen with T2–5 silvery microtomentose.</p><p>Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2+0.5 frontal setae, middle frontal seta slightly medioreclinate. In males frons 2.8x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 4.0x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with wide notch (6–7om) and emargination (2om).</p><p>Thorax: 3+1 dc, 3+1 prsc, 2 pprn, 1+2 prs, 2+0.6 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc present. Wing with veins R 4+5 and M convergent (2.6); M-ratio is 1.5. Fore femur densely setulose, tibial organ absent.</p><p>Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T1 into T2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T2 anterolateral corner with more than 3 lines of setae, T2 posterior margins with 3–4 rows of setulae, T3–4 with 2 rows, tip of T5 with long setae. S5 1.2 x as long as wide, 1.9x as long and 3.3x as wide as S4, setulose on posterior 3/4, heart-shaped (Pl. 6H). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus longer than epandrial setae, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.8x as long as epandrium high, bent posteriorly, dilated apically (1.4x), 2.5x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface with 3–5 setulae along anterior margin moving medially basally (Pl. 6D).</p><p>Special characters: nearly no setulae directly anterior to prsc and posterior dc.</p><p>Lectotype, ♂: SEYCHELLES. Mahé (4°40'.12" S 55°30'0" E), 1–30.ix.1908, Gardiner (BMNH, 3216188), in good condition, abdomen dissected. Of the two syntypes cited in the original description, only one is apparently available; the other is lost. I here designate the single specimen in BMNH as lectotype.</p><p>Material of questionable identity: GHANA. Ashanti: Obuasi (6°45'0"N 1°30'0"W), 23.xi.1907, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=4.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=7.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 4.5/lat 7.05)">Graham</a> (♂ BMNH, 3216171); NIGERIA. Osun: Ile-Ife (7°3'0"N 4°30'0"E), 15.vii.1969, Medler (♀ BMNH, 3218088) .</p><p>Distribution. Seychelles,? Ghana,? Nigeria.</p><p>Remarks. One of the questionable specimens was caught on a palm ( Arecaceae).</p><p>Milichiella sp. D (Pl 9E, I)</p><p>Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of 3+1 dc and male abdomen with T2–5 brown microtomentose except for silvery anterior margin of T4, and anterior third of T5, which get wider laterally; tip of T5 shiny.</p><p>Description. Body length: 3.0 mm; wing length: 2.8 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates subshiny black, lunule black, basoflagellomere black, face black microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum brown microtomentose, scutellum and pleuron same, wing hyaline, veins brown, brown spot at apex of vein R1 absent, calypter light brown with brown margin, halter black, legs black, basitarsi yellow; abdomen with T2–5 brown microtomentose except for silvery anterior margin of T4, and anterior third of T5, which get wider laterally; tip of T5 shiny.</p><p>Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2+0.6 frontal setae, middle frontal seta slightly medioproclinate. In males frons 2.4x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 3.9x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with notch (5om) and slight emargination (1om).</p><p>Thorax: 3+1 dc, 3? prsc, 2 pprn,? prs, 2+0.5 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc present. Wing with veins R 4+5 and M convergent (2.9); M-ratio is 2.1. Fore femur densely setulose, tibial organ?.</p><p>Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T1 into T2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T2 anterolateral corner mostly with 2–4 lines of setae, T2–5 brown parts setulose. S5 1.2 x as long as wide, 1.7x as long and 1.6x as wide as S4, setulose (Pl. 9I). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus about as long as longest epandrial seta, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.7x as long as epandrium high, bent posteriorly, dilated apically (1.6x), 2.9x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface with 3–5 setulae along anterior margin moving medially basally (Pl. 9E).</p><p><a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.2&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.71666664" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.2/lat 0.71666664)">Material</a> examined: UGANDA. Ankole, Kichwamba (0°43'N, 30°12'E), 1–5.v.1968, Spangler (♂ USNM, 3216584) .</p><p>Distribution. Uganda.</p><p>Remarks. Milichiella sp. D is not named because the description is based on a single specimen that is similar to M. solitaria and may be an aberrant specimen of this species.</p><p>Milichiella spinthera Hendel, 1913 (Pl. 8A, E)</p><p>Milichiella spinthera Hendel, 1913: 107 . TAIWAN. Pilam. HT ♂ DEI. Hennig 1941: 176 [Taiwan, type information]; Rohlfien &amp; Ewald 1970: 444 [type information]; Morge 1976: 509 [figs of head, type habitus]; Sabrosky 1977: 274 [Oriental catalogue]; Brake 2000: 106 [world catalogue].</p><p>Milichiella spinithera . Misspelling. Iwasa 1999: 30 [swarming around cattle houses, fig of male genitalia, sternites and photo of male dorsal habitus, Japan].</p><p>Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of black basoflagellomere, slightly brown microtomentose mesonotum, 1 prsc, white calypter, and male T2–5 silvery microtomentose.</p><p>Description. Body length: 3.1 mm; wing length: 2.5 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates shiny black, lunule dark brown, basoflagellomere black, face greyish microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum slightly brown microtomentose, scutellum and pleuron same except for shiny spots on an- and katepisternum, wing hyaline, with yellow veins, brown spot at apex of vein R1 very weak, calypter white, halter black, legs black except for yellow basitarsi; abdomen with T2–5 silvery microtomentose.</p><p>Head: frons with 2 orbital and 1 frontal seta (lower frontal seta probably lost), anterior frontal seta?. In males frons 2.3x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 3.3x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with wide notch (7om) and narrow emargination (2om).</p><p>Thorax: 2 dc, 1 prsc, 1+0.7 pprn, 1 prs and row of 0.5 setae, 2 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc present. Wing with veins R 4+5 and M convergent (2.5); M-ratio is 1.5. Fore femur densely setulose, tibial organ absent.</p><p>Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T1 into T2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T2 anterolateral corner with 2–3 lines of setae, T2–5 posterior margin with 1 row of sparse setulae. S5 about 1.3x as long as wide, about 1.8x as long and 2.5x as wide as S4, setulose on posterior half (Pl. 8E). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus longer than epandrial setae, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.7x as long as epandrium high, bent posteriorly, dilated apically (1.9x), 3.2x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface with 3–5 setulae along anterior margin moving medially basally (Pl. 8A).</p><p>Holotype, ♂: TAIWAN. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.0/lat 23.5)">Pi-nang</a> [=Pilam] (23°30'0"N 121°0'0"E), 1–31.vii.1912, Sauter (DEI, 3218259), in good condition, abdomen dissected.</p><p>Material of questionable identity: AUSTRALIA. Northern Territory: Port Darwin (12°25'.12" S 130°48'0" E), 1–28.ii.1909, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=74.2333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.1833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 74.2333/lat 30.1833)">Brunetti</a> (2 ♂ BMNH, 3215897–8), 1–31.iii.1909 (2 ♂ BMNH, ANIC, 3215895–6); INDIA. Punjab: Abohar (30°10'59.88"N 74°13'59.88"E), 1–30.ix.1969 (2 ♂ BMNH, 3215916) .</p><p>Distribution. Taiwan,? Australia,? India.</p><p>Remarks. A specimen of questionable identity was collected on a date palm ( Arecaceae).</p><p>Milichiella sterkstrooma Brake, sp. n. (Pl. 8D, G)</p><p>Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of 2+1 dc, calypter with brown margin, black legs, and male abdomen with T2–5 brown microtomentose except for silvery microtomentose anterior half of T3–5 which is wider laterally.</p><p>Description. Body length: 3.1 mm; wing length: 3.1 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates subshiny black, lunule black, basoflagellomere black, face greyish microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum brown microtomentose, scutellum and pleuron same, except for shiny spots on anepisternum and katepisternum, wing hyaline, veins brown, brown spot at apex of vein R1 weak, calypter hyaline with brown margin (var.: light brown), halter black, legs black, hind tarsus with yellow brush ( var. mid basitarsus yellowish); abdomen with T2–5 brown microtomentose except for silvery microtomentose anterior half of T3–5 which is wider laterally (var.: visible parts of T3–4 brown microtomentose except for silvery anterolateral margin of T3). Sometimes it appears as if there are two brown spots at posterior margin of T3–5.</p><p>Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2+0.6 frontal setae, middle frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 2.5x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 3.7x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with notch (5om) and narrow emargination (1om).</p><p>Thorax: 2+1 dc, 2 prsc, 1 pprn, 1+0.9 prs, 3 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc present. Wing with veins R 4+5 and M convergent (1.9); M-ratio is 2.1. Fore femur slightly more densely setulose, tibial organ absent.</p><p>Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T1 into T2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T2 anterolateral corner mostly with 2–5 lines of setae, T2–5 setulose on brown parts. S5 1.3 x as long as wide, 1.8x as long and 1.4x as wide as S4, posterior margin indented, setulose (Pl. 8G). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus as long as longest epandrial seta, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 1.2x as long as epandrium high, bent posteriorly, dilated apically (2.4x), 7.8x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface with line of long setae near anterior margin (Pl. 8D).</p><p>Holotype, ♂: SOUTH AFRICA. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=29.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 29.5/lat 24.0)">Northern Province</a>: Sterkstroom (24°0'0"N 29°30'0"E), 30.xii.1973, Dyce (ANIC, 3217796), in good condition.</p><p>Paratypes, same data as HT (3 ♂ ANIC, 3217794–5, 3217797) .</p><p>Milichiella sterkstrooma var.: SOUTH AFRICA. KwaZulu-Natal: Natal, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.177221&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.001667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.177221/lat -31.001667)">Umtamvuna Nature Reserve</a>, forest margin, 450 m (31°0'6"S, 30°10'38"E), 29.x.1990, Whittington (♂ NMP, 3219045) .</p><p>Distribution. South Africa.</p><p>Etymology. The species name, sterkstrooma, is an arbitrary combination of letters derived from the type locality and is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Milichiella sumptuosa de Meijere, 1911 (Pl. 3B, E)</p><p>Milichiella sumptuosa de Meijere, 1911: 426 . INDONESIA. Java: Srondolwetan [=Srondol], 7°05’S, 110°25’E. LT ♂ ZMAN [pres. des.]. De Meijere 1911: 426 [males swarming in front of cowshed], 1918: 353 [citation]; Sabrosky 1977: 274 [Oriental catalogue]; Brake 2000: 106 [world catalogue]; Jong 2000: 209 [type information].</p><p>Milichiella smithi Aldrich, 1931: 399 . THAILAND. Bangkok. HT ♂ USNM. Sabrosky 1977: 274 [Oriental catalogue]; Brake 2000: 106 [world catalogue]. Syn. nov.</p><p>Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of posteriorly silvery microtomentose mesonotum, silvery T2–5 and strongly setulose posterolateral corners of S5.</p><p>Description. Body length: 2.4–3.2 mm; wing length: 2.7–3.0 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates brown microtomentose narrow frontal plates grey microtomentose, lunule brown, basoflagellomere black, face brown or greyish microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum anteriorly brown microtomentose, posteriorly silvery (var.: completely brown); scutellum and pleuron brown microtomentose, wing hyaline, veins yellow, brown spot at apex of vein R1 absent, calypter brown or yellow with brown margin, halter black, legs black except for yellow basitarsi; abdomen with T2–5 silvery microtomentose. Female coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates brown microtomentose, wide frontal plates silvery grey microtomentose, thorax with mesonotum greyish to yellowish brown microtomentose, median line and scutellum more brownish, lateral sides more greyish, pleuron same except for shiny spots, calypter hyaline with yellow margin, halter yellow, abdomen with T2–5 brown microtomentose.</p><p>Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 2.1–2.6x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 4.7x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with notch (5–6om) and emargination (male: 1om, female 3om).</p><p>Thorax: 2–5 (female: 2) dc, 2 (female: 1) prsc, 1 pprn, 1 prs and row of 0.5 setae (female:1 prs), 2+0.6 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc present. Wing with veins R 4+5 and M convergent (2.2); M-ratio is 2.2–2.4. Fore femur densely setulose, tibial organ absent.</p><p>Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T1 into T2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T2 anterolateral corner with 2–3 lines of setae, T2 posterior margin with 2 rows of scarce setulae, T3–5 with one row of setulae. S5 1.6 x as long as wide, 2.1x as long and 1.9x as wide as S4, strongly setulose with long setae at posterolateral corners (Pl. 3E). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus longer than epandrial setae; hypandrium long, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 1.3x as long as epandrium high, bent posteriorly, dilated apically (1.7x), very narrow, 10x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface without setulae (Pl. 3B).</p><p>Milichiella sumptuosa lectotype, ♂: INDONESIA. Java: Semarang, Srondolwetan [=Srondol] (7°4'.12" S 110°24'0" E), 1–31.viii.1909, Jacobson (ZMAN, 3215876; DIPT.0728.1), in good condition. There is a series of 15 ST of M. sumptuosa at ZMAN, of which one bears de Meijere's identification label with ' Typ' added in his handwriting. I here designate this specimen as lectotype to fix the specimen that de Meijere had intended as the primary type.</p><p>Milichiella sumptuosa paralectotypes, same data as LT (14 ♂ ZMAN, 3215877–87) .</p><p>Milichiella smithi holotype, ♂: THAILAND. Krung Thep Mahanakhon: Makasan, Bangkok (13°43'59.88"N 100°30'0"E), 1928, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.733299" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.5/lat 13.733299)">Smith</a> (USNM, 3218317; 441719), either 23. Apr. or 27. Oct. 1928; most setae and most legs missing, abdomen dissected .</p><p>Milichiella smithi paratypes, same data as HT but 23.iv.1928 (4 ♂ USNM, 3215863–6), 27.x.1928 (17 ♂ USNM, 3215845–6, 3215848–62) .</p><p>Additional material examined: BANGLADESH. Sylhet, Major Hall (24°31'59.88"N 91°52'.12"E), 28.iv.2005 (4 ♂ BMNH, 3215809–12); INDIA. Assam: Doom Dooma (27°34'.12" N 95°34'.12"E) , 12.v.1943, Hardy (6 ♂ USNM, 3215820–4, 3215893), 23.v.1943 (10 ♂ USNM, 3215825–31, 3216091–3); Doom Dooma, 20.9 km NE (27°34'.12" N 95°34'.12"E), 2.xii.1943, Hardy (4 ♂ USNM, 3215832–4, 3215892). Delhi: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.3" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.0/lat 10.3)">New Delhi</a> (28°37'.12" N 77°13'.12"E), 1–31.x.1958, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.3" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.0/lat 10.3)">Krauss</a> (2 ♂ USNM, BMNH, 3215818, 3215894). Tamil Nadu: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.3" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.0/lat 10.3)">Cinchona</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.3" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.0/lat 10.3)">Anamalai Hills</a>, 1067 m (10°18'N, 77°0'E), 1.v.1956 – 31.v.1967, Nathan (3 ♂ USNM, 3215869–71) ; Yercaud, Shevaroy Hills, 1372 m (11°46'.12" N 78°13'59.88" E), 1–31.iii.1955, Nathan (2 ♂ USNM, 3215872–3). West Bengal: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.3333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.3333/lat 22.5)">Calcutta</a> (22°30'0"N 88°19'59.88"E), 25.ii.1907 (♂ MNHNP, 3219085), 6–7.vii.1907, N. A. (♂ MNHNP, 3219084), 1.ii.1908, N. A. (10 ♂ ZMAN, 3215890–1) ; INDONESIA. Java: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.0/lat -7.0)">Cigombong</a> (7°0'0"S 107°0'0"E), 30.iv.1980, Norris (9 ♂ ANIC, 3217822–30) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=106.9833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.6" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 106.9833/lat -6.6)">Ciherang</a> (6°36'0"S 106°58'59.88"E), 1.v.1980, Norris (2 ♂ ANIC, 3217832–3) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.9833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.8" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.9833/lat -6.8)">Legok</a> (6°48'0"S 107°58'59.88"E), 1.v.1980, Norris (♂ ANIC, 3217831) ; Jawa Barat: Bogor PST (6°34'.12" S 106°45'0" E), 14.v.1980, Norris (13 ♂ ANIC, 3217809–21); Sumatra: Buo, Pad. Bev. (0°28'.12" S 100°46'.12"E), 1914, Jacobson (12 ♂ ZMAN, 3215888–9) ; LAOS. Annam (♂ HNHM, 3218400); MALAYSIA. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.9&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=4.25" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.9/lat 4.25)">Perak-Pahang</a> divide, F.M.S., 1280 m (4°15'0"N 101°54'0"E), 7.vi.1923, Pendlebury (2 ♂ BMNH, 3215842–3) ; Pinang: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.3333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.3333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.3333/lat 5.3333)">Sungri Pinang Hills</a> (5°19'59.88"N 100°19'59.88"E), 31.iii.1957, Pagden (2 ♂ BMNH, 3215806–7) ; Sungri Pinang Hills, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.3333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.3333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.3333/lat 5.3333)">Rawang Kawah</a> (5°19'59.88"N 100°19'59.88"E), 25.viii.1956, Pagden (♂ BMNH, 3215808) : NEPAL. Central: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=85.3&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=80.9833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 85.3/lat 80.9833)">Kathmandu</a>, 1341 m (27°42'0"N 85°19'.12"E), 28.iv.1967, Can. Nepal Exped. (9♀ CNC, 3217800–8); Kathmandu, Balaju, 1372 m (27°43'59.88"N 85°18'0"E), 5.v.1967, Can. Nepal Exped. (♂ CNC, 3217799); Doti [?], 1280 m (29°16'.12" N 80°58'59.88" E), 2.v.1967, Ecker-Racz [?] (♂ USNM, 3215867) ; Taplejung, Dobhan, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=85.05&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 85.05/lat 27.5)">River Maewa</a>, north shore, 1006 m (27°30'0"N 85°3'0"E), 31.i.1962, Coe (7 ♂ BMNH, 3215835–41) ; PAKISTAN. Karakoram Mts. valley of Indus, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=74.316666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.25" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 74.316666/lat 36.25)">Chalt Nagar village</a>, 1750 m (36°15'N, 74°19'E), 19–20.ix.1998, Gyualai &amp; Garai (4 ♂ 5♀ HNHM, 3218403–11) ; PHILIPPINES. Negros Occidental: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=122.9833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.483299" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 122.9833/lat 10.483299)">Ma-ao</a> (10°28'59.88"N 122°58'59.88"E), 22.vi.1906, Banks (4 ♂ BMNH, 3215813–6) ; THAILAND. Chiang Mai: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.933334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.383333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.933334/lat 19.383333)">Chiang Dao</a>, ~ 5 km NW Chiang Dao, 425 m (19°23'N, 98°56'E), 6.v.1969, Burton (♂ USNM, 3215875) ; Meung, Nakronrajasrima, 5–7.vii.1959, Manop [?] (♂ USNM, 3215874) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.0/lat 15.0)">Talum</a> (15°0'0"N 100°0'0"E), 21.i.1902, Robinson &amp; Annandale (♂ BMNH, 3215817) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.63333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.383333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.63333/lat 19.383333)">Tham Sakoen</a> NP (19°23'N, 100°38'E), 26.xi.2003, Földváry &amp; Szappanos (No. 17) (♂ HNHM, 3218401) .</p><p>Milichiella sumptuosa var.: MALAYSIA. Sarawak: 20 km SE Sebuyau, Tuba (1°31'.12" N 110°55'59.88" E), 15–22.i.1979, Gaerdenfors et al. (♂ USNM, 3215795) .</p><p>Distribution: India and Nepal to Philippines, south to Java.</p><p>Remarks. One male from Borneo with completely brown microtomentose mesonotum.</p><p>I here synonymize Milichiella smithi Aldrich with M. sumptuosa based on the comparison of external characters and male terminalia between the type series.</p><p>Milichiella sumptuosa was collected swarming on bugs, in front of cowsheds and under trees in the sun, collected over and along creeks in forest and at “lcol.-light”.</p><p>Milichiella tiefii (Mik, 1887) (Pl. 7A, E)</p><p>Lobioptera tiefii Mik, 1887: 178 . Austria. Kärnten: Oberfederaun. LT ♂ NMW [pres. des.]. Mik 1887: 178 [on and swarming near stack of logs of old beech branches]; Brake 2009 [type information].</p><p>Stenoporomyia tiefii . Becker 1905: 238 [Palaearctic catalogue].</p><p>Lobioptera tiefi . Misspelling. Becker 1907: 511 [syn. to M. argyrogastra].</p><p>Milichiella tiefi . Misspelling. Becker, 1905: 237; Aldrich, 1931: 398.</p><p>Milichiella argrogastra . Misidentification. Becker 1907: 534 [diagnosis].</p><p>Milichiella argyrogaster . Misidentification. Hennig 1937: 26 [diagnosis, larvae in decaying wood, males flying in hot sunny weather near cut old Populus logs and females running on these, Russia; Austria]; Stackelberg 1958: 186 [Russia: North European territory]; Papp 1978: 17 [Hungary], 1984: 113 [Palaearctic catalogue]; Gregor 1986: 184 [catalogue, Slovakia], 1987: 262 [checklist, Slovakia]; Ferrar 1987: 223 [citation]; Roháček &amp; Gregor 1984: 17 [Slovakia]; Roháček 1995: [biology, development, description of egg, larva and puparium]; Carles-Tolrá &amp; Báez 2002: 174 [catalogue, Spain].</p><p>Milichiella argylogaster . Misspelling. Iwasa 1999: 30 [figs of male genitalia, sternites and photo of male dorsal habitus, Japan].</p><p>Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of slightly brown microtomentose mesonotum, 1 pprn, and male abdomen with T2–5 silvery microtomentose except for brown microtomentose anterior 2/3 of T2.</p><p>Description. Body length: 2.5–3 mm; wing length: 2.7 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates shiny black, lunule brown, basoflagellomere black, face greyish microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum slightly brown microtomentose, scutellum and pleuron brown microtomentose, wing hyaline, veins light brown, brown spot at apex of vein R1 absent, calypter brown with dark margin, halter black, legs black except for brown tarsi; abdomen with T2–5 silvery microtomentose except for brown microtomentose anterior 2/3 of T2, change from brown to silvery gradually.</p><p>Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2+0.6 frontal setae, middle frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 1.9x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 3.2x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with notch (5om) and emargination (2om).</p><p>Thorax: 2 dc, 1 prsc, 1 pprn, 1+0.8 prs and row of shorter setae, 3 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc present. Wing with veins R 4+5 and M convergent (2); M-ratio is 2.2. Fore femur densely setulose, tibial organ absent.</p><p>Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T1 into T2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T2 anterolateral corner mostly with 2–5 lines of setae, T2 posterior margin with 3–4 rows of setulae, T3–4 posterior margins with 1 row of setulae. S5 1.2 x as long as wide, 1.7x as long and 1.8x as wide as S4, nearly heart shaped, setulose (Pl. 7E). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus longer than epandrial setae, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 1.1x as long as epandrium high, bent posteriorly, slightly dilated apically (2.0x), 6.6x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface with line of long setae near anterior margin (Pl. 7A).</p><p>Special characters: palpus ventrally with long setae (longer than palpus wide).</p><p>Lectotype, ♂: AUSTRIA. Kärnten: Oberfederaun (46°34'59.88"N 13°49'.12"E), 13.vi.1884, Tief (NMW, 3218327), in good condition.</p><p>Paralectotypes, same data as LT (2 ♂ NMW, 3218328–9) .</p><p>Additional material examined: ITALY. Bolzano: Bolzano (46°31'.12" N 11°22'.12"E), 11.vi.1871, Loew (♂ ZMHU, 3217408), 11.vi.1873 (♂ ZMHU, 3217407), 12.vi.1873 (♂ ZMHU, 3217406) .</p><p>Distribution. Spain to Slowakia, northern european Russia and Japan.</p><p>Remarks. The original description of Milichiella tiefii is based on 3 males in NMW. I here designate one as the lectotype. Milichiella tiefii is a valid species and not synonymous with M. argyrogaster . The synonymy by Becker was based on 3 specimens in Loew's collection he identified as M. argyrogaster . These are in fact M. tiefii . Comparison of the syntypes of M. tiefii and the probable type of M. argyrogaster shows they are different species.</p><p>Milichiella tosi Becker, 1907</p><p>Milichiella tosi Becker, 1907: 536 . SEYCHELLES. T ♂ lost?. Sabrosky 1980: 688 [Afrotropical catalogue].</p><p>Description according to Becker. Male coloration and vestiture: frons and orbital plates microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum brown microtomentose?, wing hyaline, calypter white, halter black, legs blackbrown; abdomen with T2–5 silvery microtomentose.</p><p>Head: frons with 2? orbital and 2 frontal setae.</p><p>Thorax: 2 dc. Wing with veins R 4+5 and M weakly convergent; M-ratio is 1.5.</p><p>Distribution. Seychelles.</p><p>Remarks. The type specimen(s) was collected on the Seychelles and identified by Giglio-Tos as Milichiella argentea . Becker did not see the specimen(s) himself, but had Bezzi check it. The genus Milichiella was described by Giglio-Tos based on this specimen(s). The Turin collection is not accessible in the near future and the specimens are not in the Milano collection. It is probable that the type (s) are lost. Milichiella tosi differs from the other two species with a silvery abdomen found on the Seychelles in the white calypter. I have seen one specimen from Mahé with white calypter; however, it differs from the description of Milichiella tosi in having shiny black orbital plates and yellow fore and hind basitarsi.</p><p>Milichiella triangula Brake, sp. n. (Pl 6A, E)</p><p>Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of brown microtomentose mesonotum, 2 dc, 2 pprn, calypter hyaline or yellowish, tibiae black, silvery microtomentose male T2–5, and triangular shape of male S5.</p><p>Description. Body length: 3.5 mm; wing length: 2.9 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and upper orbital plates shiny black, lunule black, basoflagellomere black, face greyish microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum brown microtomentose, scutellum and pleuron same, except for shiny spots on an- and katepisternum, wing hyaline, veins light brown, brown spot at apex of vein R1 absent, calypter hyaline or yellowish, halter black, legs black except for yellow basitarsi, hind basitarsus darker; abdomen with T2–5 silvery microtomentose.</p><p>Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2+0.6 frontal setae, middle frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 2.3x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 4.2x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with notch (5om) and emargination (2om).</p><p>Thorax: 2 dc, 2 prsc, 1+0.8 pprn, 1+0.8+0.5 prs, 2+0.6 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc present. Wing with veins R 4+5 and M convergent (3.2); M-ratio is 1.6. Fore femur slightly more densely setulose, tibial organ absent.</p><p>Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T1 into T2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T2 anterolateral corner with 2–3 lines of setae, T2–5 posterior margin with 1 row of scarce setulae. S5 1.2 x as long as wide, 1.7–1.8x as long and 2.3–3.2x as wide as S4; shape triangular with posterior margin indented (Pl. 6E). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus longer than epandrial setae, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus ~0.7x as long as epandrium high, dilated apically (1.4–1.7), 2.9–3.1x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface with 3–5 setulae along anterior margin moving medially basally (Pl. 6A).</p><p>Holotype, ♂: SRI LANKA. North Central: Anuradhapura Distr., 9.7 km S Tantirimalai, 61 m (8°34'.12" N 80°15'0" E), 31.x.1976, Dietz, Karunaratne &amp; Balasooriya (USNM, 3215914), in good condition.</p><p>Paratypes, same data as HT (5 ♂ USNM, 3215909–13); NIGERIA. Kaduna: Zaria, Dumbi Wood (11°3'57.6"N 7°42'0"E), 30.iii.1973, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=7.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=11.066" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 7.7/lat 11.066)">Knutson</a> (♂ USNM, 3215938) ; Kwara: Ilorin (10°52'59.88"N 4°1'.12"E), 1912, Scott-Macfie (3 ♂ BMNH, 3215924–6) .</p><p>Material of questionable identity: ANGOLA. Namibe: Bruco (15°7'.12" S 13°10'59.88" E), 26.ii.–2.iii.1972 (♂ BMNH, 3215922) .</p><p>Distribution. Nigeria, Sri Lanka,? Angola.</p><p>Etymology. The species name, triangula, is an adjective derived from the Latin triangulus = triangular and refers to the triangular shape of male S5.</p><p>Milichiella ugandae Brake, sp. n. (Pl. 5B, F)</p><p>Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of slightly brown microtomentose mesonotum, calypter light brown with brown margin, and silvery microtomentose male T2–5.</p><p>Description. Body length: 2.6 mm; wing length: 2.6–2.7 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons shiny or subshiny black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates shiny black, lunule black, basoflagellomere black, face brown microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum slightly brown microtomentose, scutellum and pleuron brown microtomentose, except for shiny spots on anepisternum and katepisternum, wing hyaline, veins brown, brown spot at apex of vein R1 weak, calypter light brown with brown margin, halter black, legs black except for brown basitarsi; abdomen with T2–5 silvery microtomentose.</p><p>Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2+0.5 frontal setae, middle frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 2.5x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 4.3x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with notch (5om) and narrow emargination (1om).</p><p>Thorax: 2 dc, 1 prsc, 1 pprn, 2 prs, 2+0.7 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc present. Wing with veins R 4+5 and M convergent (~2.8); M-ratio is 2.6. Fore femur densely setulose, tibial organ absent.</p><p>Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T1 into T2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T2 anterolateral corner mostly with 2 lines of setae but triangular extension with more setae, T2–5 posterior margins with 2 rows of scattered relatively long setulae. S5 1.3 x as long as wide, 1.8x as long and 2.2x as wide as S4, posterior margin indented, setulose (Pl. 5F). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus as long as longest epandrial seta, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus about as long as epandrium high, bent posteriorly, dilated apically (2.3x), apex slightly flat, 6.1x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface with line of long setae along anterior margin moving medially basally (Pl. 5B).</p><p>Special characters: ocellar triangle long and narrow, reaching anterior third of frons.</p><p>Holotype, ♂: UGANDA. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.2&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.71666664" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.2/lat 0.71666664)">Ankole</a>, Kichwamba (0°43'N, 30°12'E), 1–5.v.1968, Spangler (USNM, 3216121), in good condition.</p><p>Paratypes, same data as HT but 23–29.iv.1968 (2 ♂ USNM, 3216119–20); UGANDA. Central: Entebbe, 1160 m (0°4'.12" N 32°27'0" E), 1–30.iv.1973, Falke (14 ♂ CNC, 3217128–31, 3217133, 3217135, 3217137–40, 3217142, 3217144–6); Katona, Mujenje, 1–30.ix.1913 (4 ♂ HNHM, 3218437–40); Ruwenzori Range, Namwamba Valley, 3048 m (0°4'59.88"N 30°10'.12"E), 1.xii.1934 – 31.i.1935, Jackson (♂ BMNH, 3216112). Western: Ruwenzori Range, Kilembe, 1372 m (0°13'59.88"N 30°1'.12"E), 1.xii.1934 – 31.i.1935, Edwards (♂ BMNH, 3216113) .</p><p>Additional material examined: GHANA. Ashanti: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-1.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.75" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -1.5/lat 6.75)">Obuasi</a> (6°45'0"N 1°30'0"W), 24.xi.1906, Graham (♂ BMNH, 3216118) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-1.6166667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.6833334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -1.6166667/lat 6.6833334)">Kumasi</a> (6°40'60"N 1°37'0"W), 1–25.vi.1965, Endroyi (♂ HNHM, 3218428) ; SOUTH AFRICA. KwaZulu-Natal: Natal, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.25&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.483334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.25/lat -29.483334)">Salt Rock</a>, 10 m (29°29'S, 31°15'E), 5–12.x.1991, Londt (♂ NMP, 3219063) ; TANZANIA. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=37.129997&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.7799997" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 37.129997/lat -6.7799997)">Kimamba</a> (6°46'48"S 37°7'48"E), 25.xi.1938, Saska (2 ♂ HNHM, 3218433–4) ; Marangu (3°16'59.88"S 37°31'.12"E), 1–20.iii.1959, Lindner (♂ USNM, 3216122) .</p><p>Milichiella ugandae var. 1: GHANA. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-1.65&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.7" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -1.65/lat 6.7)">Kumasi-Kwadaso</a> (6°42'N, 1°39'W), 3–28.iii.1997, Scheibelreiter (2 ♂ BMNH, 3216114–5) ; UGANDA. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.05&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.8333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.05/lat 0.8333)">Bwamba</a> (0°49'59.88"N 30°3'0"E), 1.vii.–31.viii.1946, van Someren (2 ♂ BMNH, 3216116–7) ; ZIMBABWE. N. Vumba (19°4'59.88"S 32°45'0"E), 3.iv.1964 (6 ♂ NMP, 3219055, 3219057, 3219062), 14.vi.1964, Cookson (6 ♂ NMP, 3219053–4, 3219058, 3219060–1), 17.vi.1964 (♂ NMP, 3219056), 23.vi.1964 (4 ♂ NMP, 3219050–2, 3219059) .</p><p>Milichiella ugandae var. 2: CAMEROON. Centre-Sud: N Kolbisson, near Yaoundé (3°51'0"N 11°34'59.88"E), 10.xi.1977, Tsacas (♂ MNHNP, 3219096) .</p><p>Distribution. Eastern Africa, Ghana, and South Africa, varieties from Zimbabwe and Cameroon.</p><p>Etymology. The species name, ugandae, is a genitive noun derived from the type locality.</p><p>Remarks. Milichiella ugandae var. 1 differs from the type series in a slightly narrower surstylus with round apex. Variety 2 has the same surstylus as var. 1 and many more setae at posterior margin of S5. Milichiella ugandae var. 1 has been collected in Malaise traps and var. 2 on palm trees ( Arecaceae).</p><p>Milichiella unicolor (de Meijere, 1906) (Pl. 9A, B, F)</p><p>Milichia unicolor de Meijere, 1906: 333 . CAMEROON. Victoria, 4°01’N, 9°12’E. LT ♀ ZMAN [pres. des.]. De Meijere 1906: 333 [pollinating Abrame angustum L. J.]; Bezzi 1908: 193 [Eritrea]; Rohlfien &amp; Ewald 1970: 445 [2 ST in DEI]; Jong 2000: 225 [type information].</p><p>Milichiella unicolor . Becker 1907: 536 [diagnosis]; de Meijere 1914: 254 [short description of female, Java], 1918: 353 [citation]; Sabrosky 1977: 274 [Oriental catalogue], 1980: 688 [Afrotropical catalogue]; Brake 2000: 106 [world catalogue].</p><p>Milichiella tosi . Misidentification. Cuthbertson 1936: 56 [swarming behaviour, Zimbabwe].</p><p>Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of brown microtomentose ocellar triangle and mesonotum as well as 2+1 dc, 2 prsc, and silvery microtomentose male T2–5.</p><p>Description. Body length: 2.3–3.4 mm; wing length: 2.3–2.6 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons brown, ocellar triangle and orbital plates same, lunule brown, basoflagellomere black, face greyish microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum brown microtomentose with varying degree of grey anteriorly and laterally, scutellum and pleuron same, wing hyaline, veins yellow, brown spot at apex of vein R1 absent, calypter white, halter black, legs black except for yellow tip of fore and mid tibia, and bases of all tarsi, fore and hind tarsus with yellow brush; abdomen with T2–5 silvery microtomentose. Female coloration and vestiture: thorax with mesonotum greyish brown microtomentose, scutellum same, pleuron greyish, halter yellow, abdomen with T2–4 brown microtomentose, T5 shiny.</p><p>Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2+0.5 frontal setae, middle frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 2.0–2.2x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 4.0x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with wide notch (7–8om, female: 5–6om) and emargination (3–4om).</p><p>Thorax: 2+1 dc, 2 prsc, 1+0.7 pprn, 1+0.6+0.5 (female: 1+0.5) prs, 2 keps setae, posterior prsc as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc present. Wing with veins R 4+5 and M convergent (2.7); M-ratio is 1.3. Fore femur slightly more densely setulose, tibial organ absent.</p><p>Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T1 into T2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T2 anterolateral corner with 2–3 lines of setae, T2–5 with scattered small setulae at posterior margin (2–3 rows). S5 about 1.3x as long as wide, 1.7x as long and 1.5x as wide as S4, with scattered setulae (Pl. 9F). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus longer than epandrial setae; hypandrium long, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.6–0.8x as long as epandrium high, bent posteriorly, dilated apically (1.5–1.8x), 2.7–3.3x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface with 3–5 setulae along anterior margin moving medially basally (Pl. 9A, B).</p><p>Lectotype, ♀: CAMEROON. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=9.2&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=4.016667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 9.2/lat 4.016667)">Victoria</a> (4°1'N, 9°12'E), 1905, Winkler (ZMAN, 3216096; DIPT.0729.1), in good condition, head slightly deformed. The female ST deposited in ZMAN bears de Meijere's identification label with the word “Type” in his handwriting. This specimen is here designated as the lectotype. The purpose of the designation is to fix as primary type the specimen that de Meijere intended.</p><p>Paralectotypes, same data as LT (2♀ DEI, 3218287–8) .</p><p>Additional material examined (BMNH unless otherwise indicated): CONGO. Lake Tanganyika, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=29.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 29.5/lat -6.0)">Usumbura</a> (6°0'0"S 29°30'0"E), 26.v.1927, Bois (2 ♂, 3216067–8) ; GHANA. Ashanti: Obuasi (6°45'0"N 1°30'0"W), 31.v.1907, Graham (♂, 3216066). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-1.65&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.7" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -1.65/lat 6.7)">East</a>: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-1.65&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.7" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -1.65/lat 6.7)">Accra</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-1.65&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.7" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -1.65/lat 6.7)">Legon</a> (5°39'0"N 0°10'59.88"W), 19.iii.1969, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-1.65&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.7" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -1.65/lat 6.7)">Richards</a> (♀, 3216084); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-1.65&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.7" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -1.65/lat 6.7)">Kumasi</a> (6°40'60"N 1°37'0"W), 23.vi.1947, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-1.65&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.7" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -1.65/lat 6.7)">Bowden</a> (4 ♂ NMP, 3219046), 24.vi.1967, Endroyi (♂ HNHM, 3218430); Kumasi-Kwadaso (6°42'N, 1°39'W), 3–28.iii.1997, Scheibelreiter (10♀, 3216074–83) ; MADAGASCAR. Toliara [=Tulear]: Amboasary, Berenty Reserve (25°1'.12" S 46°22'59.88" E), 6–16.v.1983, Noyes &amp; Day (♀, 3216071); NIGERIA. Osun: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=3.9333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.983299" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 3.9333/lat 10.983299)">Ile-Ife</a> (7°3'0"N 4°30'0"E), 19.xii.1968, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=3.9333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.983299" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 3.9333/lat 10.983299)">Medler</a> (♀, 3216070), 25.i.1970 (♂ USNM, 3216090). Oyo: Ibadan (7°22'59.88"N 3°55'59.88"E), 16.v.1969, Medler (♂, 3216069). Zaria: Between Maigana &amp; Soba (10°58'59.88"N 8°4'.12"E), 1.iv.1973, Knutson &amp; Deeming (3 ♂ USNM, 3216087–9) ; SIERRA LEONE. Western Area: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-13.283299&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -13.283299/lat 8.5)">Freetown</a> (8°30'0"N 13°16'59.88"W), 30.ix.1933, Lewis (14 ♂, 3216052–65) ; TANZANIA. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=33.4&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.55" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 33.4/lat -3.55)">Old</a> Shinyanga (3°33'0"S 33°24'0"E), 15.i.1952, Burtt (2 ♂, 3216072–3) ; UGANDA. Central: Kampala, Mulago (0°19'.12" N 32°34'59.88" E), 1.ix.1936, Gibbins (4 ♂, 3216048–51), 30.ix.1936 (6 ♂ 40♀, 3216000–45). Western: Kigezi Distr., Ruhiza, Impenetrable Forest, 1220 m (1°0'0"S 29°40'.12"E), 1–10.vi.1972, Babyetagara (♂ CNC, 3217792); Ruwenzori Range, Kilembe, 1372 m (0°13'59.88"N 30°1'.12"E), 1.xii.1934 – 31.i.1935, Edwards (2 ♂, 3216046–7) ; ZIMBABWE. Harare: Harare [= <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.05&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.833302" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.05/lat -17.833302)">Salisbury</a>] (17°49'59.88"S 31°3'0"E), 10.xi.1934, Cuthbertson (2 ♂ BMNH, ZMHU, 3216085–6) .</p><p><a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-1.6166667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.6833334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -1.6166667/lat 6.6833334)">Material</a> of questionable identity (all HNHM): GHANA. Kumasi (6°40'60"N 1°37'0"W), 8.ii.1966, Endroyi (♂, 3218431); Kwadaso, 10–24.vii.1965, Endroyi (♂, 3218432), 14.vii.1969 (♂, 3218435) .</p><p>Distribution: Sierra Leone to Uganda, south to Zimbabwe and Madagascar.</p><p>Remarks. Milichiella unicolor was collected on leaves, swarming in gardens and in sunshine near bamboo about 8 m in the air, at light, and in Malaise traps. It has been bred from decaying banana skins. The type specimens were collected pollinating " Abrame angustum L. J.". There is a Malvaceae species called Abroma augusta L. However, this species occurs in Asia and Australia, not in Africa, and it seems unlikely that a milichiid would pollinate Abroma augusta, because the flowers are very big. Therefore the plant was probably misidentified.</p><p>Milichiella sp. E</p><p>Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of brown microtomentose mesonotum, 2 or more prs, hyaline calypter with light margin, and brown microtomentose male T2–5.</p><p>Description. Body length:? mm; wing length: 2.8 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates shiny black, lunule black, basoflagellomere black, face greyish microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum brown microtomentose, scutellum same, pleuron slightly more dark and greyish microtomentose with shiny Desmometopa m-nigrum like spot on anepisternum and spot on katepisternum, wing hyaline, veins brown, brown spot at apex of vein R1 weak, calypter hyaline with light margin, halter black, legs black except for yellow basitarsi; abdomen with T2–5 brown microtomentose.</p><p>Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2+0.5 frontal setae, middle frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 2.2x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 4.9x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with wide notch (6om) and emargination (2om).</p><p>Thorax: 2 dc, 2 prsc, 2 pprn, 1+0.8+0.5 prs, 2+0.6 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc present. Wing with veins R 4+5 and M convergent (3.0); M-ratio is 1.7. Fore femur slightly more densely setulose, tibial organ absent.</p><p>Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T1 into T2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T2 anterolateral corner with 2–3 lines of setae, T2–5 setulose. S5 1.1 x as long as wide, 1.7x as long and 2.0x as wide as S4, roundish shape, setulose (similar to Pl. 9G). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus longer than epandrial setae, hypandrium long, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.6x as long as epandrium high, bent posteriorly, dilated apically (1.7x), 2.4x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface with 3–5 setulae along anterior margin moving medially basally (see Pl. 8D).</p><p>Material examined: SRI LANKA. North Central: Anuradhapura Distr., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=80.75&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.8" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 80.75/lat 8.8)">Padaviya</a> archeological site, 60 m (8°48'0"N 80°45'0"E), 11–14.x.1977, Krombein et al. (♂ USNM, 3217449) .</p><p>Distribution. Sri Lanka.</p><p>Remarks. The species is not named because the single male might be an aberrant specimen of Milichiella quintargentea .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AB0903FFA7FFE4FF5A66C6BE3CFC07	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Brake, Irina	Brake, Irina (2009): Revision of Milichiella Giglio-Tos (Diptera, Milichiidae) 2188. Zootaxa 2188 (1): 1-166, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2188.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2188.1.1
03AB0903FF85FFE1FF5A6333BFACF9CB.text	03AB0903FF85FFE1FF5A6333BFACF9CB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Milichiella chilensis Brake 2009	<div><p>chilensis -group</p><p>Species in the chilensis -group are characterized by the combination of short arista, eye emargination gradually separating from head margin ventrally, male thorax slightly brown microtomentose, and 3+1 dc.</p><p>Distribution: Northern and middle Chile.</p><p>Milichiella breviarista Brake, sp. n. (Pl. 10C, H)</p><p>Diagnosis. Differs from other members of the chilensis -group in the combination of parallel R 4+5 and M and T3–4 brown microtomentose.</p><p>Description. Body length: 2.3 mm; wing length: 2.4 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and upper orbital plates brown microtomentose, lunule black, basoflagellomere black, face brown microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum slightly brown microtomentose, scutellum and pleuron same except for shiny spots on an- and katepisternum, wing hyaline, veins yellow, brown spot at apex of vein R1 absent, calypter hyaline with brown margin, halter black, legs black; abdomen with T2–5 brown microtomentose except for posterolateral silvery spots on T5 which are far apart.</p><p>Head: frons with 2? orbital and 2? frontal setae, anterior frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 2.3x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 2.6x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with slight notch (2om), posterior eye margin separating from head margin on ventral 2/3.</p><p>Thorax: 3+1 dc, 3+1 prsc, 1 pprn, 1+0.4 prs, 2? keps setae, posterior prsc less than 0.8x as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc absent. Wing with veins R 4+5 and M parallel (1.1); M-ratio is 3.0. Fore femur normal setulose, tibial organ?.</p><p>Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T1 into T2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T2 anterolateral corner with 2–3 lines of setae, T2–5 brown parts setulose. S5 0.9 x as long as wide, 1.4x as long and 1.6x as wide as S4, setulose, posterior margin slightly indented (Pl. 10H). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus shorter than longest epandrial seta, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus ~0.3x as long as epandrium high, not bent, slightly dilated (1.2x), about as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface without setulae (Pl. 10C).</p><p>Special characters: arista short; anterior frontal seta inconspicuous, appears unusually distant from lunule. Pl. 10: A–B. Milichiella frontalis . A. Male genitalia, lateral view; B. Surstylus. C–E. Surstylus. C. M. breviarista; D. M. conventa; E. M. flaviventris, HT. F. M. flaviventris, HT, male genitalia, lateral view. G–J. Male sternite 4–5. G. M. frontalis; H. M. breviarista; I. M. conventa . J. M. flaviventris, HT. Scale bar: 0.1.</p><p>Holotype, ♂: CHILE. Coquimbo: Punta Teatinos (29°49'.12" S 71°16'59.88" W), 16.ix.1952, Kuschel (USNM, 3218610), in good condition . Paratypes: CHILE. Atacama: Copiopo, Nantoco, 540 m (27°31'59.88"S 70°16'.12"W), 19.ix.1952, Kuschel (2 ♂ BMNH, USNM, 3218611–2); Copiopo, Piedra Colgada, 254 m (27°16'59.88"S 70°28'.12"W), 26.ix.1952, Kuschel (♂ USNM, 3218609) .</p><p>Material of questionable identity: CHILE. Atacama: Copiopo, Nantoco, 540 m (27°31'59.88"S 70°16'.12"W), 19.ix.1952, Kuschel (♀ USNM, 3218620); Copiopo, Piedra Colgada, 254 m (27°16'59.88"S 70°28'.12"W), 26.ix.1952, Kuschel (♀ USNM, 3218619). Coquimbo: Punta Teatinos (29°49'.12" S 71°16'59.88" W), 16.ix.1952, Kuschel (♀ USNM, 3218618) .</p><p>Distribution. Northern Chile.</p><p>Etymology. The species name, breviarista, is an arbitrary combination of letters derived from the Latin brevis = short and refers to the short arista of the species.</p><p>Milichiella chilensis Brake, sp. n.</p><p>Diagnosis. Differs from other members of the chilensis -group in the combination of parallel R 4+5 and M and T3–4 mainly silvery microtomentose.</p><p>Description. Body length: 1.9 mm; wing length: 2.1 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and upper orbital plates brown microtomentose, lunule black, basoflagellomere black, face black microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum slightly brown microtomentose, scutellum and pleuron same except for shiny spots on an- and katepisternum, wing hyaline, veins hyaline, brown spot at apex of vein R1 absent, calypter white with light brown margin in parts, halter black, legs black; abdomen with T2 brown microtomentose except for silvery posterolateral margins, T3–5 silvery microtomentose except for anteromedial margin of T3. Female coloration and vestiture: halter black, abdomen with T2–5 slightly brown microtomentose.</p><p>Head: frons with 2 orbital and 1+0.7 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 2.3x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 2.5x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with slight notch (2om), posterior eye margin separating from head margin on ventral 2/3.</p><p>Thorax: 3+1 dc, 2? prsc, 1 pprn, 1 prs, 2 keps setae, posterior prsc less than 0.8x as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc absent. Wing with veins R 4+5 and M parallel (1.3); M-ratio is 2.1. Fore femur normal setulose, tibial organ?.</p><p>Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T1 into T2 weak. Tergal chaetotaxy: T2 anterolateral corner with 2–3 lines of setae, T2 posterior margin with two rows of small setae, T3–5 with one row. S5 0.9 x as long as wide, 1.4x as long and 1.6x as wide as S4, setulose, posterior margin slightly indented (see Pl. 10I). Male genitalia same as M. conventa, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.3x as long as epandrium, not bent, slightly dilated (1.2x), about as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface without setulae (see Pl. 10D).</p><p>Special characters: arista short; anterior frontal seta inconspicuous, unusually distant from lunule; posterior half of mesonotum with few setulae, silvery microtomentum on male tergites long.</p><p>Holotype, ♂: CHILE. Atacama: Copiopo, Nantoco, 540 m (27°31'59.88"S 70°16'.12"W), 19.ix.1952, Kuschel (USNM, 3218601), in fairly good condition.</p><p>Paratypes, same data as HT (1 ♂ 1♀ USNM, 3218602, 3218616); CHILE. Coquimbo: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.0119&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.2219" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.0119/lat -29.2219)">Incahuasi</a> (29°13'18.84"S 71°0'42.84"W), 30.ix.1952, Kuschel (♂ USNM, 3218603) .</p><p>Additional material examined: CHILE. Tarapacá: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-69.2333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.083302" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -69.2333/lat -20.083302)">Mamina</a> (20°4'59.88"S 69°13'59.88"W), 15.ix.1951, Pena (♂ USNM, 3218604) .</p><p>Distribution. Northern Chile.</p><p>Etymology. The species name, chilensis, is derived from the type locality.</p><p>Milichiella conventa Brake, sp. n. (Pl. 10D, I)</p><p>Diagnosis. Differs from other members of the chilensis -group in the strongly convergent R 4+5 and M.</p><p>Description. Body length: 2.5 mm; wing length: 2.3 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and upper orbital plates brown microtomentose, lunule black, basoflagellomere black, face brown microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum slightly brown microtomentose, scutellum and pleuron same except for shiny spots on an- and katepisternum, wing hyaline, veins brown, brown spot at apex of vein R1 absent, calypter hyaline with brown margin, halter black, legs black; abdomen with T2–5 brown microtomentose except for large, posterolateral silvery spots on T5 which are nearly connected in middle. Female coloration and vestiture: halter black, abdomen with T2–5 slightly brown microtomentose.</p><p>Head: frons with 2+0.5 orbital and 1+0.7 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 2.3x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 2.5x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with slight notch (2om), posterior eye margin separating from head margin on ventral 2/3.</p><p>Thorax: 3+1 dc, 3 prsc, 1 pprn, 1 prs, 2 keps setae, posterior prsc less than 0.8x as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc?. Wing with veins R 4+5 and M strongly convergent (3.6); M-ratio is 1.4. Fore femur normal setulose, tibial organ?.</p><p>Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T1 into T2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T2 anterolateral corner with 2–3 lines of setae, T2–5 brown parts setulose. S5 0.9 x as long as wide, 1.4x as long and 1.6x as wide as S4, setulose, posterior margin slightly indented (Pl. 10I). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus shorter than longest epandrial seta, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.3x as long as epandrium high, not bent, slightly dilated (1.2x), slightly longer than wide (1.2x), structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface without setulae (Pl. 10D).</p><p>Special characters: arista short; anterior frontal seta inconspicuous, unusually distant from lunule; wing venation special.</p><p>Holotype, ♂: CHILE. Atacama: Vallenar (28°34'14.88"S 70°45'29.16"W), 18.ix.1952, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.7581&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.5708" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.7581/lat -28.5708)">Kuschel</a> (USNM, 3218607), in fairly good condition.</p><p>Paratypes: CHILE. Atacama: Copiopo, Nantoco, 540 m (27°31'59.88"S 70°16'.12"W), 19.ix.1952, Kuschel (1 ♂ 1♀ USNM, 3218606, 3218617) . Valparaiso: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.51667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.916668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.51667/lat -32.916668)">Rio Acoricagua</a>, N bank, floodplain, near mouth, opposite (32°55'S, 70°31'W), 6.xi.1996, Norrbom &amp; Steck (♂ USNM, 3218605) .</p><p>Material of questionable identity: CHILE. Coquimbo: Punta Teatinos (29°49'.12" S 71°16'59.88" W), 16.ix.1952, Kuschel (♂ USNM, 3218608) .</p><p>Distribution. Northern and middle Chile.</p><p>Etymology. The species name, conventa, is an adjective derived from the Latin verb convergere = convergent.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AB0903FF85FFE1FF5A6333BFACF9CB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Brake, Irina	Brake, Irina (2009): Revision of Milichiella Giglio-Tos (Diptera, Milichiidae) 2188. Zootaxa 2188 (1): 1-166, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2188.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2188.1.1
03AB0903FF80FF9BFF5A61E4BC61FACC.text	03AB0903FF80FF9BFF5A61E4BC61FACC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Milichiella cinerea (Coquillett 1900)	<div><p>cinerea -group</p><p>Species in the cinerea -group are characterized by the combination of grey microtomentose frons, ocellar triangle, and orbital plates, grey microtomentose mesonotum with or without brown stripes, grey microtomentose scutellum, and silvery microtomentose male T2–5.</p><p>Distribution: Eastern North America, from Michigan and Ontario, south to Brazil.</p><p>Milichiella cavernae Brake, sp. n. (Pl. 27A, D, G)</p><p>Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of grey microtomentose mesonotum, white wing, black halter and narrow notch in posterior eye margin.</p><p>Description. Body length: 2.2 mm; wing length: 2.2 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons grey, with more or less pronounced median brown stripe, ocellar triangle and orbital plates grey microtomentose, lunule yellow, basoflagellomere basomedially yellow, face grey microtomentose, ventrally yellow, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum grey microtomentose with 5 more or less visible dark stripes; middle stripe extends onto scutellum, pleuron ventrally more brownish microtomentose, anepisternum with horizontal shiny stripe, wing white, veins yellow white, brown spot at apex of vein R1 absent, calypter white, halter black, legs black except for lighter bases of femora and tips of tibiae; abdomen with T2–5 silvery microtomentose except for shiny black narrow posterior tip and posterolateral corners of T5. Female coloration and vestiture: palpus yellow, halter yellow, abdomen with T2–5 brown microtomentose.</p><p>Head: frons with 2 (female: 2+0.5) orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta slightly medioreclinate. In males frons 2.1x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 4.2x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with narrow notch (3om) and narrow emargination (1om).</p><p>Thorax: 2 dc, 1 prsc, 1 pprn, 1 prs, 2 keps setae, posterior prsc less than 0.8x as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc absent. Wing with veins R 4+5 and M convergent (2.2); M-ratio is 2.8. Fore femur normal setulose, tibial organ absent.</p><p>Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T1 into T2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T2 anterolateral corner with single line of setae, T2–4 posterior margin with 1 row of scarce setulae, tip of T5 with long setae. S5 0.8 x as long as wide, 1.2x as long and 2.3x as wide as S4, posterior margin indented, nearly crescent shaped, long setulae (Pl. 27G). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus much shorter than longest epandrial seta, 2 long posteroventral setae on epandrium, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.5x as long as epandrium high, dilated apically (1.3x), 1.3x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface without setulae, but some long sensilla at margin (Pl. 27A, D).</p><p>Special characters: Male abdominal tergites and sternites 1–4 more or less yellow, silvery microtomentum long.</p><p>Holotype, ♂: TRINIDAD &amp; TOBAGO. Trinidad: Saint Andrew Co., Tamana Caves (10°28'.12" N 61°12'0" W), 17.xi.1966, Darlington (USNM, 3216633), in good condition.</p><p>Paratypes, same data as HT (15 ♂ 21♀ USNM, BMNH, 3216631–43, 3216646–48, 3216677–95, 3216698–99); HONDURAS. Atlantida: Corozal Town (15°48'0"N 86°43'.12"W), 30.viii.1967, Lacy &amp; Lacy (♀ USNM, 3216675); JAMAICA. Surrey: Kingston, Kingston (17°58'.12" N 76°48'0" W) , 1–31.x.1950, Krauss (♀ USNM, 3216700); PANAMA. Darien: Garachine (8°4'.12" N 78°22'.12"W), 14.ii.1952, Blanton (♂ USNM, 3216649); Panama: Chilibre, Chilibrillo caves (9°9'0"N 79°37'.12"W), Tipton (9 ♂ 2♀ USNM, 3216663–73); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-79.95&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.483299" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -79.95/lat 8.483299)">Fort Clayton</a> (9°1'.12" N 79°34'.12"W), 1951 (3 ♂ 4♀ USNM, 3216656–62); San Carlos (8°28'59.88"N 79°57'0"W), 17.ix.1952, Blanton (♀ USNM, 3216650) ; VENEZUELA. Zuila, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.0025&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=11.0347" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.0025/lat 11.0347)">Carrasquero</a> (11°2'4.92"N 72°0'9"W), 29–30.v.1976, Menke &amp; Vincent (♂ USNM, 3216655) .</p><p>Additional material examined: BRAZIL. Ceara: (5°0'0"S 40°0'0"W), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-40.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -40.0/lat -5.0)">Rocha</a> (4 ♂ USNM, 3216651–4) ; VENEZUELA. Falcon: Paraguana Peninsula, Buena Vista, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-69.95&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=11.8833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -69.95/lat 11.8833)">Cueva del Guano</a>, 100 m (11°52'59.88"N 69°57'0"W), 3.iii.1971, Peck (1 ♂ 31♀ DEBU, 3217731–62) .</p><p>Material of questionable identity: ARGENTINA. Formosa: Clorinda (25°16'.12" S 57°45'0" W), 1–30.xi.1949, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-64.0833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.25" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -64.0833/lat -23.25)">Golbach</a> (♂ USNM, 3218980). Salta: Embarcación (23°15'0"S 64°4'59.88"W), 2–6.ii.1950, Golbach (♂ USNM, 3218979) .</p><p>Distribution: Honduras to Jamaica, south to Panama and Trinidad, east to northern Brazil (Ceara),? Argentina.</p><p>Etymology. The species name, cavernae, is a noun in the genitive case derived from the Latin caverna = cave, referring to the caves in which the specimens have been collected.</p><p>Remarks. Milichiella cavernae has been collected in caves and reared from bat dung.</p><p>Milichiella cinerea (Coquillett, 1900) (Pl. 11E, F, J)</p><p>Ophthalmomyia cinerea Coquillett, 1900: 268 . Puerto Rico. Bayamon. HT ♀ USNM [lost]. Aldrich 1905: 651 [catalogue, North America];</p><p>Milichiella cinerea . Becker 1907: 535 [citation]; Malloch 1913b: 132 [description of male, Puerto Rico, Santo Domingo, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania] (pers. note: distribution doubtful); Melander 1913: 239 [key]; Curran 1928: 68 [citation]; Wolcott 1936: 391 [checklist, Puerto Rico]; Steyskal 1949: 131 [type information]; Sabrosky 1973: 4 [Neotropical catalogue]; Brake 2000: 105 [world catalogue].</p><p>Ophthalmomyia cineria . Misspelling. Wolcott 1923: 234 [citation].</p><p>Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of grey microtomentose mesonotum, white wing, yellow halter, yellow palpus and narrow notch in posterior eye margin.</p><p>Description. Body length:? mm; wing length: 1.9–2.1 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons grey, ocellar triangle and orbital plates grey microtomentose, lunule brown, basoflagellomere basomedially yellow, face grey microtomentose, ventrally yellow, palpus yellow; thorax with mesonotum grey microtomentose with 5 more or less visible dark stripes; middle stripe extends onto scutellum, pleuron ventrally more brownish microtomentose, anepisternum with small shiny spot, wing white, veins yellow white, brown spot at apex of vein R1 absent, calypter white, halter yellow, legs black; abdomen with T2–5 silvery microtomentose except for shiny black narrow posterior tip and posterolateral corners of T5. Female coloration and vestiture: halter yellow, abdomen with T2–5 brown microtomentose.</p><p>Head: frons with 2 (female with 2+0.4) orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta slightly medioreclinate. In males frons 2.9x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 5.1x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with narrow notch (3om) and no emargination.</p><p>Thorax: 2 dc, 1 prsc, 1 pprn, 1 prs, 2 keps setae, posterior prsc less than 0.8x as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc absent. Wing with veins R 4+5 and M convergent (~2.0); M-ratio is 2.5. Fore femur normal setulose, tibial organ absent.</p><p>Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T1 into T2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T2 anterolateral corner with single line of setae, T2–4 posterior margin with 1 row of scarce setulae, tip of T5 with long setae. S5 1.1 x as long as wide, 1.5x as long and 2.5x as wide as S4, trapezoid, posterior margin indented, setulose (Pl. 11J). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus longer than epandrial setae, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus less than half as long as epandrium high, dilated apically (1.6x), 5.0x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface without setulae (Pl. 11E, F).</p><p>Special characters: silvery microtomentum on male tergites long and in rows.</p><p>Holotype, ♀: PUERTO RICO. Bayamon: Bayamon (18°24'0"N 66°10'.12"W), 1–31.i.1899, Busck (USNM, 3218319; 4388), specimen lost, only pin with drop of glue left.</p><p>Additional material examined (all USNM): CUBA. Havana (23°7'.12" N 82°21'0" W), 28.i.1956 (♀, 3216626); DOMINICA. Roseau (15°18'0"N 61°22'59.88"W), 1–30.xi.1967, Krauss (♀, 3216627); DOMINI- CAN REPUBLIC. (19°0'0"N 70°40'.12"E), 6.viii.1905, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-59.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.4333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -59.5/lat 15.4333)">Busck</a> (♂, 3216622); GUYANA. Cuyuni- <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-59.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.4333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -59.5/lat 15.4333)">Mazaruni</a>: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-59.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.4333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -59.5/lat 15.4333)">Mazaruni Potaro Distr.</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-59.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.4333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -59.5/lat 15.4333)">Kartabo Point</a> (5°0'0"N 59°30'0"W), 27.xii.1983 (1 ♂ 1♀, 3216623–4); HONDURAS. Cortes: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-59.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.4333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -59.5/lat 15.4333)">San Pedro Sula</a> [?] (15°25'59.88"N 88°1'.12"W), 23.x.1956 (♀, 3216625) .</p><p>Material of questionable identity: BRAZIL. Santa Catarina: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-52.383335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.183332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -52.383335/lat -27.183332)">Nova Teutonia</a>, 300–500 m (27°11'S, 52°23'W), 16.ix.1944, Plaumann (♀ USNM, 3216674) ; PANAMA. Colon: E shore Gatun Lake, near Colon (9°12'0"N 79°55'.12"W), 2–14.vii.1979, Broadhead (♀ USNM, 3216676); BOLIVIA. Santa Cruz: Boyuibe, 11 km W, 940 m (20°25'.12" S 63°16'59.88" W), 18.viii.–2.ix.2000, Irwin &amp; Hauser (♀ DEBU, 3217728) ; COLOMBIA. (4°0'0"N 72°0'0"W), 1–31.v.1939, Dahl (♂ USNM, 3216629); COSTA RICA. Alajuela: Volcan Tenorio, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-85.1&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.733299" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -85.1/lat 10.733299)">Bijagua Biological Station</a>, 700 m (10°43'59.88"N 85°6'0"W), 20.vi.2000, Buck (2♀ DEBU, 3217729–30) .</p><p>Distribution: Honduras and Cuba, east to Dominica and south to Guyana,? Brazil (Santa Catarina).</p><p>Remarks. The female type specimen of M. cinerea is lost. A male and female from Guyana were the only pair of the specimens available from a single collecting event that fit the original description of M. cinerea and were chosen as representatives of the species. Some specimens have been collected closer to the type locality, but never both sexes together, which made the allocation of the correct male to the original description of the female difficult. Milichiella cinerea has been reared from dry frass in a basal tree hole. Questionable specimens were collected through canopy fogging in humid forest and in Malaise traps and pans.</p><p>Pl. 11: A–B. Male genitalia, lateral view. A. Milichiella plaumanni, HT; B. M. sp. F. C–D. M. tricincta . C. Surstylus; D. Male genitalia, lateral view. E–F. M. cinerea . E. Male genitalia, lateral view; F. Surstylus. G–J. Male sternite 4–5. G. M. plaumanni, HT; H. M. sp. F; I. M. tricincta; J. M. cinerea . Scale bar: 0.1.</p><p>Milichiella urbana Malloch, 1913 (Pl. 23A, B, G)</p><p>Milichiella urbana Malloch, 1913a: 284 . UNITED STATES. District of Columbia: Washington. HT ♀ USNM [lost]. Sabrosky 1965: 733 [Nearctic catalogue]; Poole 1996: 179 [Nearctic checklist]; Brake 2000: 106 [world catalogue].</p><p>Milichiella populi Steyskal, 1949: 130 . UNITED STATES. Michigan: Grosse Ile. HT ♂ UMMZ. Steyskal 1949: 130 [on bark of trunk of dead Populus deltoides], 1953: 255 [on poplar], 1957: 92 [eye colour]. Syn. Sabrosky 1965: 733.</p><p>Diagnosis. Differs from other congeners in the combination of silvery grey microtomentose mesonotum, white wing, black palpus and wide notch in posterior eye margin.</p><p>Description. Body length: 2.4–2.5 mm; wing length: 2.3 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons sometimes greyish, ocellar triangle and orbital plates silvery grey or brown microtomentose, lunule brown, basoflagellomere brown, face greyish microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum silvery grey microtomentose, sometimes with pair of brown stripes anteriorly and with different degree of brown shine, scutellum silvery grey microtomentose, pleuron brown microtomentose, wing white, veins white, brown spot at apex of vein R1 absent, calypter white, halter yellow (var.: black), legs black except for yellowish basitarsi (var.: completely black); abdomen with T1–5 silvery microtomentose except for brown microtomentose anterolateral corners of T2 and posterolateral corners of T5. Female coloration and vestiture: thorax with mesonotum brown microtomentose with a slight silvery shine, wing veins yellowish, halter yellow, abdomen with T2–5 subshiny brown.</p><p>Head: frons with 2+0.7 orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 2.0x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 6.0x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista shorter than base of arista wide, posterior eye margin with wide notch (8om) and narrow emargination (2om). Female posterior eye margin with notch (6om), wide emargination (3om).</p><p>Thorax: 2–5 dc, 1–2 prsc, 1 pprn, 1 prs, 1–2 keps setae, posterior prsc less than 0.8x as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc absent. Wing with veins R 4+5 and M weakly convergent (1.9); M-ratio is 3.3. Fore femur normal setulose, tibial organ absent.</p><p>Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T1 into T2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T2 anterolateral corner with single line of setae, T2–4 posterior margin with 1 row of setulae. S5 1.2 x as long as wide, 1.3x as long and 1.4x as wide as S4, setulose with relatively long setulae; triangular apodeme in middle of anterior margin of S4+5 (Pl. 23G). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus as long as epandrial setae, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.5x as long as epandrium high, slightly bent anteriorly, slightly dilated apically (1.2x), 1.8x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface without setulae, some long sensilla at margin (Pl. 23A, B).</p><p>Milichiella populi Paratypes: UNITED STATES. Michigan: Wayne Co., Grosse Ile (42°7'.12" N 83°9'0" E), 27.vi.1948, Steyskal (3 ♂ USNM, 3216448–9, 3216453), 3.vii.1948 (2 ♂ USNM, 3216451–2), 5.vii.1948 (♂ USNM, 3216450), 25.vii.1948 (♂ USNM, 3216454) .</p><p>Additional material examined (USNM unless otherwise indicated): CANADA. Ontario: Essex Co., Point Pelee National Park, wooded area by W beach (41°59'N, 82°27.5'W), 10–21.viii.1999, Lonsdale (3 ♂ 6♀ DEBU, 3217702–4, 3217721–6), 21.viii.–10.ix.1999 (2 ♂ 3♀ DEBU, 3217700–1, 321705–7); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.458336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=75.35" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.458336/lat 75.35)">Point Pelee National Park</a> (41°59'N, 82°27.5'W), 20–26.vii.1999, Tesolin (2♀ DEBU, 3217719–20), 26.vii.–4.viii.1999 (5 ♂ DEBU, 3217708–12), 4–10.viii.1999 (3 ♂ 3♀ DEBU, 3217713–8); Ottawa (45°25'.12" N 75°43'.12"W), 17.vii.1979, Teskey (♀ CNC, 3217148); UNITED STATES. Delaware: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.458336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=75.35" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.458336/lat 75.35)">Sussex Co.</a>, Gumboro (38°28'.12" N 75°21'0" W), 2.viii.1952, Sabrosky (♂, 3216470) . District of Columbia: Patuxent Refuge (39°19'59.88"N 77°10'.12"W), 10.vii.1924, Malloch (♂, 3216468); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-77.0333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.883297" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -77.0333/lat 38.883297)">Washington</a> (38°52'59.88"N 77°1'59.88"W), 8.vii.1925, Malloch (♀, 3216472) . Florida: Jackson Co., Florida Caverns St. Park (30°48'0"N 85°13'.12"W), 26.v.1973, Wirth (♀, 3216619); Leon Co., Tall Timbers Research Station (30°25'59.88"N 84°16'.12"W), 29.v.1973, Wirth (♀, 3216620) . Michigan: Saginaw Co. (43°19'59.88"N 84°1'59.88"E), 23.viii.1942, Dreisbach (♀, 3216618); Wayne Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=84.0333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=83.15" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 84.0333/lat 83.15)">Grosse Ile</a> (42°7'.12" N 83°9'0" E), 19.vi.1949, Steyskal (♂, 3216466), 27.vi.1949 (♂, 3216465), 28.vi.1951 (4 ♂, 3216458–62), 7.vii.1949 (2 ♂ USNM, BMNH, 3216463–4), 27.vii.1951 (2 ♂, 3216455, 3216457), 28.vii.1951 (♂, 3216460) . New York: Lawrence Co., Coles Creek <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.1&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=44.833298" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.1/lat 44.833298)">St. Park</a> (44°49'59.88"N 75°6'0"W), 10.viii.1976, Alm (♀, 3216614) . Pennsylvania: Philadelphia Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.15&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.95" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.15/lat 39.95)">Philadelphia</a> (39°57'0"N 75°9'0"W), 1–31.vii.1926, Johnson (♂, 3216469) . Tennessee: Anderson Co., Oak Ridge (36°0'0"N 84°16'.12"W), 23.vi.1955, Howden (1 ♂ 1♀, 3216467, 3216471). Texas: Travis Co., Austin (30°16'.12" N 97°43'59.88" W), 10.x.1950, Wheeler (♀, 3216617) .</p><p>Milichiella urbana var. 1: UNITED STATES. West Virginia: Kanawha Co., So. Charleston (38°19'59.88"N 81°37'.12"W), 4.vi.1982, Adler (♂ USNM, 3216621) .</p><p>Distribution: Eastern North America, from Michigan and Ontario south to Florida, also Texas.</p><p>Remarks. The holotype of Milichiella urbana is lost. According to the original description the type was deposited in the author's collection, which is now in USNM. However, it was not found there.</p><p>One male from West Virginia has black halteres and tarsi. Milichiella urbana has been collected in Malaise and pan traps, from a beech tree hole and a sandy creek.</p><p>Milichiella sp. F (Pl. 11B, H)</p><p>Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of grey microtomentose mesonotum, scutellum and pleura, as well as hyaline wing and silvery white microtomentose T2–5.</p><p>Description. Body length: 1.7 mm; wing length: 2.0 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons grey, ocellar triangle and orbital plates grey microtomentose, lunule black, basoflagellomere basomedially red, face grey microtomentose, palpus dark; thorax with mesonotum grey microtomentose, scutellum and pleuron same, wing hyaline, veins light brown, brown spot at apex of vein R1 absent, calypter hyaline, halter light brown, legs black except for yellow fore coxa, basal half of fore femur, tip of fore and middle tibia, and tarsi; abdomen with T2–5 silvery white microtomentose. Female coloration and vestiture: palpus yellowish, thorax with mesonotum grey microtomentose, slight indication of brown stripes, calypter light brown, halter light brown, abdomen with T2–5 brown microtomentose.</p><p>Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 1.6x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 4.0x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with notch (3om) and emargination (2om).</p><p>Thorax: 2 dc, 1 prsc, 1 pprn, 1 prs, 2 keps setae, posterior prsc less than 0.8x as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc absent. Wing with veins R 4+5 and M convergent (2.2); M-ratio is&gt;3. Fore femur normal setulose, tibial organ absent.</p><p>Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T1 into T2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T2 anterolateral corner with single line of setae, T2–4 posterior margin with 1 row of very scarce setulae, tip of T5 with some more setae. S5 0.9 x as long as wide, 1.2x as long and 3.3x as wide as S4, roughly triangular posterior margin indented, scarcely setulose (Pl. 11H). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus shorter than longest epandrial seta, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.7x as long as epandrium high, dilated apically (2.1x), 7.1x as long as high, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface without setulae, some longer sensilla along anterior margin (Pl. 11B).</p><p>Material examined: ECUADOR. Morona-Santiago: Rio Cuangos, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.2&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.1166666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.2/lat -3.1166666)">Cuevas de Los Tayos</a> (3°7'S, 78°12'W), 16.vii.1976, Hutson (1 ♂ 2♀ BMNH, 3215778–80) .</p><p>Distribution: Ecuador.</p><p>Remarks. Milichiella sp. F is not named because the description is based on only one male, which is not in very good condition.</p><p>Milichiella sp. G (Pl. 28C, D, G)</p><p>Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the grey microtomentose mesonotum in combination with brown microtomentose pleura, yellow bases and tips of tibiae, and silvery microtomentose T2–5.</p><p>Description. Body length:? mm; wing length: ~ 2.3 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons grey except for yellow anterior margin, ocellar triangle, orbital and frontal plates grey microtomentose, lunule yellow, basoflagellomere basomedially yellow, face greyish microtomentose, palpus with at least tip black; thorax with mesonotum grey microtomentose, scutellum same, pleuron brown microtomentose except for shiny spots, wing hyaline, veins yellowish, brown spot at apex of vein R1 weak, calypter hyaline, halter yellow, legs black except for yellow bases and tips of all tibiae and tarsi; abdomen with T2–5 silvery microtomentose.</p><p>Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 2.1x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 3.3x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with wide notch (7–8om) and narrow emargination (1om).</p><p>Thorax: 2 dc,? prsc, 1 pprn, 1 prs, 2 keps setae, posterior prsc less than 0.8x as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc absent. Wing with veins R 4+5 and M slightly convergent (1.7); M-ratio is 2.5. Fore femur normal setulose, tibial organ absent.</p><p>Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T1 into T2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T2 anterolateral corner with single line of setae, T2–4 posterior margin with 1 row of scarce setulae. S5 0.9 x as long as wide, 1.3x as long and 1.1x as wide as S4, roundish with posterior margin indented, setulose (Pl. 28G). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus longer than epandrial setae, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.8x as long as epandrium high, bent posteriorly, dilated apically (1.6x), 4.0x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface without setulae (Pl. 28C, D).</p><p>Material examined: ARGENTINA. Tucumán: Villa Padre Monti (26°28'59.88"S 64°58'.12"W), 17.i.–7.ii.1948, Golbach (♂ USNM, 3216630); UNITED STATES. South Carolina: Beaufort Co., Fripp I. (32°22'.12" N 80°49'59.88" W), 26.ix.1973, Steyskal (♂ USNM, 3216628) .</p><p>Distribution. Argentina, South Carolina.</p><p>Remarks. The description of Milichiella sp. G is based on two male specimens that are very similar. However, they were collected far apart (South Carolina and Argentina) and one of the males is slightly discoloured. Therefore, I refrain from naming the species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AB0903FF80FF9BFF5A61E4BC61FACC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Brake, Irina	Brake, Irina (2009): Revision of Milichiella Giglio-Tos (Diptera, Milichiidae) 2188. Zootaxa 2188 (1): 1-166, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2188.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2188.1.1
03AB0903FFFAFF98FF5A62FCBC4AFB8F.text	03AB0903FFFAFF98FF5A62FCBC4AFB8F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Milichiella dimidiata (Wiedemann 1830)	<div><p>dimidiata -group</p><p>Species in the dimidiata -group are characterized by the combination of T5 anteriorly silvery microtomentose, middle brown microtomentose, tip shiny; S5 elongate with lateral sides parallel; surstylus with long setulae along anterior margin, line not moving medially.</p><p>Distribution: Guatemala east to Suriname, south to middle Peru.</p><p>Milichiella cingulata Becker, 1907 (Pl. 12C, E, F)</p><p>Milichiella cingulata Becker, 1907: 538 . PERU. Pichis, Puerto Bermudes. LT ♂ SMTD [pres. des.]. Becker 1907: 538 [fig. of male abdomen]. Sabrosky 1973: 4 [Neotropical catalogue]; Brake 2000: 105 [world catalogue].</p><p>Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of ocellar triangle brown microtomentose, mesonotum reddish brown microtomentose, and male T2–5 brown microtomentose except for silvery wide anterior margins of T3–4, which widen laterally on T3–4, T5 silvery anteriorly, middle brown and tip subshiny black.</p><p>Description. Body length: 2.3–2.8 mm; wing length: 2.4–2.8 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and orbital plate brown microtomentose, frontal plate greyish, lunule brown, basoflagellomere black, face dark grey microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum densely reddish brown microtomentose, scutellum and pleuron same except for grey microtomentose area around anterior spiracle and base of fore coxa, wing slightly brown grey, veins brown, brown spot at apex of vein R1 absent, calypter brown with dark margin, halter black, legs black except for yellow tips of tibiae, and basitarsi, fore and hind tarsus with conspicuous yellow brush; abdomen with T2–5 brown microtomentose except for silvery wide anterior margins of T3–4, which widen laterally on T3–4, T5 silvery anteriorly, middle brown and tip subshiny black. Female coloration and vestiture: halter yellow, abdomen with T2–5 brown microtomentose.</p><p>Head: frons with 2+0.3 orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons about 2.5x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 4.1x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with slight notch (3om) and very slight emargination (1–2om).</p><p>Thorax: 2 dc, 1 prsc, 1 pprn, 1 prs, 2 keps setae, posterior prsc as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc small. Wing with veins R 4+5 and M nearly parallel; M-ratio is 2.5. Fore femur normal setulose, tibial organ absent.</p><p>Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T1 into T2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T2 anterolateral corner with more than 3 lines of setae, T2–5 with scattered setulae on posterior part, lateral margins with long setae. S5 1.7 x as long as wide, 1.7x as long and 1.9x as wide as S4, posterior margin indented, setulose in hour glass shape (Pl. 12E, F). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus as long as longest epandrial setae, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.6x as long as epandrium high, bent posteriorly, dilated apically (1.6x), 3.6x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface with row of 4–5 long setae near anterior margin (Pl. 12C).</p><p>Lectotype, ♂: PERU. Pasco: Pichis, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-74.9333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.283299" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -74.9333/lat -10.283299)">Puerto Bermudez</a> (10°16'59.88"S 74°55'59.88"W), 20.xii.1903, Schnuse (SMTD, 3217293), in suboptimal condition, head partly damaged. The type series consists of 3 males from Peru. There are 7 specimens in SMTD that fit the locality and date. One of these bears Becker's identification label and is here designated as the lectotype. Which of the other specimens are paralectotypes cannot be ascertained.</p><p>Possible paralectotypes, same data as LT (5 ♂ SMTD, 3217294–7, 3217303), 1–31.xii.1903 (♂ SMTD, 3217298) .</p><p>Additional material examined (USNM unless otherwise indicated): BOLIVIA. La Paz: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.26&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.296667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.26/lat -15.296667)">Guanay</a>, 22 km SE, 540 m (15°17.8'S, 68°15.6'W), 17.iii.2001, Mathis (♂, 3218599) ; COLOMBIA. La Combre (4°0'0"N 72°0'0"W), 17.v.1914, Parish (♂, 3216942); COSTA RICA. Alajuela: San Mateo, Higuito (9°57'0"N 84°33'0"W), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.05&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.9333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.05/lat 9.9333)">Schild</a> (♀, 3217312). Cartago: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.05&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.9333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.05/lat 9.9333)">La Suiza</a> (9°51'0"N 83°37'.12"W), 12.vi.1926, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.05&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.9333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.05/lat 9.9333)">Schild</a> (♂, 3216940), 24.vi.1926 (4 ♂, 3216937–8), 1–30.vii.1926 (♂, 3216941). San Jose: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.05&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.9333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.05/lat 9.9333)">Farm La Caja</a> (9°58'.12" N 84°7'.12"W), 29.vii.19??, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.05&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.9333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.05/lat 9.9333)">Schmidt</a> (♂, 3217302), 30.vii.19?? (♂, 3217299), 8.viii.19?? (♀, 3218146), 10.viii.19?? (2 ♂ BMNH, USNM, 3217300–1); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.05&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.9333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.05/lat 9.9333)">San Pedro de Montes de Oca</a> (9°55'59.88"N 84°3'0"W), 3.ii.1935, Ballou (2 ♂, 3217311) ; EL SALVADOR. San Salvador: San Salvador (13°40'.12" N 89°10'.12"W), 4.v.1958, Cartwright (♂, 3217316) ; GUATEMALA. Izabal: Quirigua (15°16'.12" N 89°4'59.88" W), 8.v.1926, Aldrich (♂, 3217315); PANAMA. Panama: Ancon, Ancon Hospital Ground (8°58'.12" N 79°33'0" W), 2.vii.1918, Dietz (♂, 3217313); Pedro Miguel (9°1'.12" N 79°37'.12"W), 9.ix.1946, Krauss (♂, 3217314) ; PERU. Huanuco: Cachicoto, 457 m (9°5'S, 76°9'0"W), 16.ix.1965, Hitchcock (3 ♂, 3217304–6). Loreto: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.15&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-73.25" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.15/lat -73.25)">Iquitos</a> (3°46'.12" S 73°15'0" W), 1.iii.–30.iv.1931, Shannon (3 ♂, 3217308–10) .</p><p>Distribution: Guatemala south to middle Peru.</p><p>Remarks. It is possible that Milichiella cingulata is a variety of M. dimidiata as it differs only in the partly brown male T2–5. Milichiella cingulata was collected on Ipomoea tiliacea (Willd.) (Convolvulaceae) .</p><p>Pl. 12: A–B. Milichiella dimidiata . A. male genitalia, lateral view; B. Surstylus. C. M. cingulata, male genitalia, lateral view. D–F. Male sternite 4–5. D. M. dimidiata; E–F. M. cingulata . E. non-type; F. possible PLT. Scale bar: 0.1.</p><p>Milichiella dimidiata (Wiedemann, 1830) (Pl. 12A, B, D)</p><p>Chlorops dimidiata Wiedemann, 1830: 597 . Surinam. Cordua. HT ♂ SMF.</p><p>Lobioptera dimidiata . Mik 1887: 180 [combination].</p><p>Milichiella dimidiata . Becker 1907: 538 [diagnosis, type information]; Sabrosky 1973: 4 [Neotropical catalogue]; Brake 2000: 105 [world catalogue].</p><p>Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of brown microtomentose frons and mesonotum, brown calypter, wing hyaline with brownish tinge and T2–5 silvery microtomentose except for subshiny black tip of T5 and brown microtomentose line between silvery and black part.</p><p>Description. Body length: 2 mm; wing length: 2.3 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons brown, ocellar triangle and orbital plates brown microtomentose, lunule brown, basoflagellomere black, face greyish microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum brown microtomentose, scutellum same, pleuron dorsally brown microtomentose anteroventrally dark grey microtomentose, wing hyaline with slight brownish tinge, veins brown, brown spot at apex of vein R1 absent, calypter brown, halter black, legs black except for orange bases and tips of tibiae, and yellow basitarsi; abdomen with T2–5 silvery microtomentose, except for brown microtomentose middle and black subshiny tip of T5; margin between silvery and brown parts gradual.</p><p>Head: frons with 2+0.3 orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 2.3x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 4.8x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with notch (4om) and emargination (2om).</p><p>Thorax: 2 dc, 1 prsc, 1 pprn, 1 prs, 2 keps setae, posterior prsc less than 0.8x as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc absent. Wing with veins R 4+5 and M nearly parallel (1.3); M-ratio is 3.0. Fore femur normal setulose, tibial organ absent.</p><p>Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T1 into T2?. Tergal chaetotaxy: T2 anterolateral corner with 2–3 lines of setae, T2–4 posterior margin with 1 row of setulae, line of long setae along crease. S5 1.8 x as long as wide, 1.7x as long and 1.3x as wide as S4, posterior margin indented, setulose, strongly setulose at posterior margin (Pl. 12D). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus as long as longest epandrial setae, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.6x as long as epandrium high, dilated posteroapically (1.3x), 2.3x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface with row of 4–5 long setae near anterior margin (Pl. 12A, B).</p><p>Holotype, ♂: SURINAME. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-56.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=4.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -56.0/lat 4.0)">Cordua</a> (4°0'0"N 56°0'0"W) (SMF, 3216583), bad condition, head, one wing and some legs missing, thorax damaged, abdomen dissected.</p><p>Additional material examined: TRINIDAD &amp; TOBAGO. Trinidad: Saint George Co., Aripe Valley, 152 m (11°13'N, 60°42'W), 29.i.1976, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-61.4&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.6333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -61.4/lat 10.6333)">Stubbs</a> (♂ BMNH, 3216927); Curepe, Santa Margarita (10°37'59.88"N 61°24'0"W), 14–16.vi.1972, Pitkin (♂ BMNH, 3216924) .</p><p>Material near Milichiella dimidiata: BRAZIL. Santa Catarina: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-52.383335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.183332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -52.383335/lat -27.183332)">Nova Teutonia</a>, 300–500 m (27°11'S, 52°23'W), 7.iv.1938, Plaumann (♂ BMNH, 3216929), 30.iv.1938 (♂ BMNH, 3216930), 1–30.xi.1966 (♂ CNC, 3217855) .</p><p>Distribution. Suriname, Trinidad.</p><p>Remarks. The males from Brazil, Nova Teutonia, with hyaline wings and the same shape of the male genitalia but with a sternite shape more similar to Milichiella sculpta probably belong to a separate species. Milichiella dimidiata has been collected in Malaise traps.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AB0903FFFAFF98FF5A62FCBC4AFB8F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Brake, Irina	Brake, Irina (2009): Revision of Milichiella Giglio-Tos (Diptera, Milichiidae) 2188. Zootaxa 2188 (1): 1-166, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2188.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2188.1.1
03AB0903FFF9FF90FF5A63BBBFE3F981.text	03AB0903FFF9FF90FF5A63BBBFE3F981.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Milichiella faviformis Brake 2009	<div><p>faviformis -group</p><p>Species in the faviformis -group are characterized by the combination of dull black frons, shiny black ocellar triangle and orbital plates, shiny black mesonotum, 2 dc, 1 prsc, 1 pprn, usually silvery microtomentose male T2–5 except for shiny black tip, roughly sickle moon shaped S5, surstylus usually shorter or about as long as epandrium high, with very slight to slight apical dilation and with lateral side with honeycomb-like structure.</p><p>Distribution: Washington to Maryland, south to Venezuela and northern Chile.</p><p>Milichiella brevirostris Brake, sp. n. (Pl. 13B, C, I)</p><p>Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of yellow halter, light brown calypter, male T2–5 silvery microtomentose except for shiny black posterior half of T5, and face not protruding.</p><p>Description. Body length: 1.6–2.3 mm; wing length: 2.0 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and upper orbital plates shiny black, lunule black, basoflagellomere black, face brown microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum shiny black, scutellum microtomentose, sometimes shiny in middle, pleuron mostly shiny black, only dorsally slightly microtomentose, wing hyaline, veins light brown, brown spot at apex of vein R1 absent, calypter light brown, halter yellow, legs black except for yellow mid and hind basitarsus; abdomen with T2–5 silvery microtomentose except for shiny black posterior half of T5. Female coloration and vestiture: halter yellow, abdomen with T1–4 brown microtomentose, T5 shiny.</p><p>Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta slightly medioreclinate. In males frons 2.2x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 4.7x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with narrow notch (3om) and emargination (1–2om).</p><p>Thorax: 2 dc, 1 prsc, 1 pprn, 1 prs, 2 keps setae, posterior prsc less than 0.8x as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc absent. Wing with veins R 4+5 and M convergent (1.8); M-ratio is 2.0. Fore femur normal setulose, tibial organ absent.</p><p>Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T1 into T2 weak. Tergal chaetotaxy: T2 anterolateral corner with single line of setae, T2–4 posterior margin with 1 row of scarce setulae, tip of T5 with long setae. S5 1.2 x as long as wide,?x as long and 2.7x as wide as S4, posterior margin indented, setulose on posterior half (Pl. 13I). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus shorter than longest epandrial seta, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.5x as long as epandrium high, very slightly dilated apically (1.1x), very broad (1.2x as long as wide), structure of lateral surface honeycomb-like, medial surface without setulae (Pl. 13B, C).</p><p>Special characters: labellum about as long as palpus.</p><p>Pl. 13: A. Milichiella virginae, HT, surstylus. B. M. brevirostris, male genitalia, lateral view. C–F. Surstylus. C. M. brevirostris; D. M. zaiziksensis; E. M. variata . F. M. faviformis . G. M. zaiziksensis, male genitalia, lateral view. H–L. Male sternite 4–5. H. M. virginae, HT; I. M. brevirostris; J. M. variata; K. M. faviformis; L. M. zaiziksensis . Scale bar: 0.1.</p><p>Holotype, ♂: UNITED STATES. Mississippi: Adams Co., Natchez (31°33'0"N 91°24'0"W), 20.v.1909, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-91.4&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.55" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -91.4/lat 31.55)">Tucker</a> (USNM, 3216703) in good condition.</p><p>Paratypes, same data as HT (♂ BMNH, 3216704), 25.v.1909 (♀ USNM, 3216716), 20.vi.1909 (♀ USNM, 3216717); UNITED STATES. Georgia: Tift Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-83.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.45" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -83.5/lat 31.45)">Tifton</a> (31°27'0"N 83°30'0"W) , 27.viii.1896 (♂ USNM, 3216718). Illinois: Macoupin Co., Carlinville (39°16'.12" N 89°52'.12"W) , 22.vi.1955, Wheeler (♂ USNM, 3216707) . Maryland: Prince Georges Co., Bladensburg (38°55'59.88"N 76°55'59.88"W), 11.viii.19??, Barber (♂ USNM, 3216705) . Missouri (38°0'0"N 98°0'0"W), 1–28.ii.1970, Hull (♂ CNC, 3217763) . Texas: Travis Co., Austin (30°16'.12" N 97°43'59.88" W) , 16.x.1950, Wheeler (♂ USNM, 3216708), 23.x.1951 (♂ USNM, 3216709). Virginia: Alexandria Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-77.10826&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.880344" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -77.10826/lat 38.880344)">Maywood</a> (38°52'49.24"N 77°6'29.74"W) , 17.vi.1922, McAtee (♂ USNM, 3216706) .</p><p>Distribution: Illinois to Maryland, south to Texas and Georgia.</p><p>Etymology. The species name, brevirostris is derived from the Latin brevis = short and rostrum = proboscis and refers to the short proboscis in comparison to M. longirostris .</p><p>Milichiella faviformis Brake, sp. n. (Pl. 13F, K)</p><p>Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of shiny black mesonotum and middle of scutellum, black halter and black legs, male T2–5 silvery white microtomentose except for shiny posterior extended third of T5, and silvery microtomentum extremely long and in rows.</p><p>Description. Body length: 2.0 mm; wing length: 1.9 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates shiny black, lunule dark brown, basoflagellomere black, face brown microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum shiny black, scutellum shiny in middle and laterally slightly brown microtomentose, pleuron slightly brown microtomentose, wing hyaline, veins light brown, brown spot at apex of vein R1 absent, calypter white, halter black, legs black; abdomen with T2–5 silvery white microtomentose except for brown microtomentose anterolateral corner of T2, and shiny posterior extended third of T5. Female coloration and vestiture: halter yellow, abdomen with T1–4 brown microtomentose except for lateral sides, T5 shiny.</p><p>Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 2.6x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 3.2x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with narrow notch (3om) and emargination (1om).</p><p>Thorax: 2 dc, 1 prsc, 1 pprn, 1+0.5 prs, 2 keps setae, posterior prsc less than 0.8x as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc absent. Wing with veins R 4+5 and M convergent (3.3); M-ratio is 2.5. Fore femur normal setulose, tibial organ absent.</p><p>Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T1 into T2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T2 anterolateral corner with single line of setae, T2–4 posterior margin with one scarce row of setulae, T5 black part with long setae. S5 similar to M. zaiziksensis . 1.4x as long as wide, 1.8x as long and 2.6x as wide as S4, posterior margin indented, setulose on posterior 2/ 3 in middle and near posterior margin. Setae at posterior margin thinner than other setae (Pl. 13K). Male genitalia same as M. zaiziksensis, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus same as M. zaiziksensis, structure of lateral surface honeycomb-like with big honeycomb parcels, medial surface without setulae (Pl. 13F).</p><p>Special characters: labellum about as long as palpus, silvery microtomentum extremely long and in rows.</p><p>Holotype, ♂: UNITED STATES. California: San Bernardino Co., Morongo (34°1'59.88"N 116°34'.12"W), 26.ix.1944, Melander (USNM, 3216783), in good condition.</p><p>Paratypes (USNM unless otherwise indicated), same data as HT (4 ♂, 3216784–7), 27.ix.1944 (12 ♂ USNM, BMNH, 3216789, 3216793, 3216796, 3216801–9); MEXICO. Quintana Roo: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-86.75&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.15" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -86.75/lat 21.15)">Cancun</a> (21°9'0"N 86°45'0"W), 16.vii.1974, Pletsch (1 ♂ 3♀, 3217765–8) ; UNITED STATES. California: Inyo Co., Big Pine, 1219 m (37°9'0"N 118°16'59.88"W), 9.ix.1965, Mulla (♂, 3216814); Independence (36°48'0"N 118°10'59.88"W), 23.viii.1952 (♂, 3216813); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-116.05&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.133297" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -116.05/lat 34.133297)">Kern Co.</a>, Bakersfield (35°22'.12" N 119°1'.12"W), 7.vii.1947, Melander (14 ♂, 3216817–21, 3216824–5); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-116.05&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.133297" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -116.05/lat 34.133297)">Riverside Co.</a>, Riverside (33°57'0"N 117°22'58.8"W), 12.v.1949, Melander (5 ♂, 3216810–1), 23.x.1953 (1 ♂ 1♀, 3216588, 3216812); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-116.05&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.133297" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -116.05/lat 34.133297)">San Bernardino Co.</a>, 29 Palms (34°7'59.88"N 116°3'0"W), 9.v.1946, Melander (2 ♂, 3216815) . Oregon: Umatilla Co., Umapine (45°58'.12" N 118°28'59.88" W), 21.vi.1921, Melander (11 ♂ 3♀, 3216831–8, 3216840–6) . Utah: Cache Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-111.8333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.7333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -111.8333/lat 41.7333)">Logan</a> (41°43'59.88"N 111°49'59.88"W), 1–31.vii.1956, Bohart (♂, 3216847) . Washington: Franklin Co., Sacajawea State Park (46°12'1.08"N 119°2'21.84"W), 12.vii.1988, Mathis &amp; Mathis (6 ♂, 3216967–72); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-119.2833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.6" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -119.2833/lat 47.6)">Grant Co.</a>, Columbia Nat. W. L. Ref., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-119.2833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.6" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -119.2833/lat 47.6)">Crab Creek</a>, 4.8 km S O’Sullivan Dam (46°52'27.84"N 119°42'50.04"W), 3.vii.1976, Woodley (4 ♂, 3216827–30); Coulee City (47°36'0"N 119°16'59.88"W), 3.ix.1920, Shannon (♂, 3216849) .</p><p>Additional material examined (all USNM): UNITED STATES. New Mexico: Sandoval Co., San Ysidro (35°33'0"N 106°46'.12"W), 10.vi.1977, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-118.5833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -118.5833/lat 46.05)">Hanson</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-118.5833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -118.5833/lat 46.05)">Knowlton</a> (♂, 3218956). Washington: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-118.5833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -118.5833/lat 46.05)">Grant Co.</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-118.5833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -118.5833/lat 46.05)">Coulee City</a> (47°36'0"N 119°16'59.88"W), 3.ix.1920, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-118.5833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -118.5833/lat 46.05)">Shannon</a> (♂, 3216848); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-118.5833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -118.5833/lat 46.05)">Walla Walla Co.</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-118.5833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -118.5833/lat 46.05)">Lowden</a> (46°3'0"N 118°34'59.88"W), 22.vi.1921, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-118.5833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -118.5833/lat 46.05)">Melander</a> (♂, 3216843) .</p><p>Distribution: Western North America, from Washington south to California and New Mexico, also Mexico (Quintana Roo).</p><p>Etymology. The species name, faviformis, is derived from the Latin words favus = honeycomb and forma = shape and refers to the honeycomb-like structure of the male surstylus.</p><p>Milichiella longirostris Brake, sp. n. (Pl. 14E, J)</p><p>Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of yellow halter, white wing, long proboscis and protruding face.</p><p>Description. Body length: 2.1–2.4 mm; wing length: 2.3 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and upper orbital plates shiny black, lunule black, basoflagellomere basomedially brown, face brown microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum shiny black, scutellum brown microtomentose, pleuron slightly microtomentose except for shiny spot on an- and katepisternum, wing white, veins white, brown spot at apex of vein R1 absent, calypter white, halter yellow, legs black except for yellow mid and hind basitarsus; abdomen with T2–5 silvery microtomentose except for shiny black posterior half of T5. Female coloration and vestiture: halter yellow, abdomen with T1–4 brown microtomentose, T5 shiny.</p><p>Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta?slightly medioreclinate. In males frons 2.7x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 4.6x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with notch (4–5om) and narrow emargination. Female posterior eye margin with notch (4–5om) and emargination.</p><p>Thorax: 2 dc, 1 prsc, 1 pprn, 1 prs, 2 keps setae, posterior prsc as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc absent. Wing with veins R 4+5 and M convergent (~2.0); M-ratio is 3.0. Fore femur normal setulose, tibial organ absent.</p><p>Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T1 into T2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T2 anterolateral corner with single line of setae, T2–4 posterior margin with 1 row of scarce setulae, tip of T5 with long setae. S5 1.5 x as long as wide, 1.8x as long and 1.9x as wide as S4, posterior margin indented, relatively strongly setulose on posterior 3/4 and up to lateral margins (Pl. 14J). Male genitalia similar to M. brevirostris, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus similar to M. brevirostris, structure of lateral surface honeycomb-like, medial surface without setulae (Pl. 14E).</p><p>Pl. 14: A–B. Milichiella mojingae, HT. A. Male genitalia, lateral view; B. Surstylus. C–D. M. cochiseae . C. Male genitalia, lateral view; D. Surstylus. E–F. Surstylus. E. M. longirostris; F. M. sp. H. G. M. sp. H., male genitalia, lateral view. H–K. Male sternite 4–5. H. M. mojingae, HT; I. M. cochiseae; J. M. longirostris; K. M. sp. H. Scale bar: 0.1.</p><p>Puparium: Empty puparium yellow brown, shiny to subshiny, Posterior spiracles borne on protuberances, which are closer together than in M. tiefii and M. asiatica .</p><p>Special characters: labellum and palpus elongate, labellum about 1.6x as long as palpus and slightly longer than vertical eye diameter, face protruding.</p><p>Holotype, ♂: UNITED STATES. Florida: Putnam Co., Hollister (29°37'.12" N 81°48'0" W), 20.viii.1985, Milstrey (&amp; puparium USNM, 3216719), ad. 11.ix.1985, in good condition.</p><p>Paratypes, same data as HT but ad. 12.ix.1985 (♂ USNM, 3216720), 12.xii.1984 (1 ♂ 1♀ USNM, 3216721, 3216725); UNITED STATES. Florida: Hernando Co., Withlacoochee State Forest, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-81.35&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.2833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -81.35/lat 27.2833)">Croom Reservation</a> (28°34'59.88"N 82°13'.12"W), 13.iv.1989, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-81.35&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.2833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -81.35/lat 27.2833)">Barber</a> (♂ DEBU, 3217764); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-81.35&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.2833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -81.35/lat 27.2833)">Highlands Co.</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-81.35&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.2833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -81.35/lat 27.2833)">Archbold Biological Station</a> (27°16'59.88"N 81°21'0"W), 13–19.iv.1970, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-81.35&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.2833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -81.35/lat 27.2833)">Wirth</a> (♀ USNM, 3216726) .</p><p>Distribution: Florida.</p><p>Etymology. The species name, longirostris, is derived from the Latin longus = long and rostrum = proboscis and refers to the long proboscis.</p><p>Remarks. Milichiella longirostris has been reared from a gopher tortoise burrow.</p><p>Milichiella mojingae Brake, sp. n. (Pl. 14A, B, H)</p><p>Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of subshiny to shiny black mesonotum and male abdomen with T2 brown microtomentose except for silvery anterior margin and lateral sides, T3–4 silvery except for posteromedial margin, T5 anteriorly silvery and middle brown microtomentose, posterior half shiny black.</p><p>Description. Body length: 1.7 mm; wing length: 1.9 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates shiny black, lunule?, basoflagellomere black, face brown microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum subshiny to shiny black, scutellum brown microtomentose, pleuron partly shiny, partly brown microtomentose, wing hyaline, veins light brown, brown spot at apex of vein R1 absent, calypter hyaline with brown margin, halter black, legs black except for mid and hind basitarsus; abdomen with T2 brown microtomentose except for silvery anterior margin and lateral sides, T3–4 silvery except for posteromedial margin, T5 anteriorly silvery and middle brown microtomentose, posterior half shiny black.</p><p>Head: frons with? orbital and? frontal setae, anterior frontal seta?. In males frons?x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 5.0x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista short, about as long as base of arista wide, posterior eye margin with?.</p><p>Thorax:? dc,? prsc,? pprn,? prs,? keps setae, posterior prsc?x as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc?. Wing with veins R 4+5 and M weakly convergent (1.4); M-ratio is 2.8. Fore femur normal setulose, tibial organ?.</p><p>Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T1 into T2?. Tergal chaetotaxy: T2 anterolateral corner with single line of setae. S5 1.1 x as long as wide, 1.3x as long and 2.5x as wide as S4, setulose, posterior margin strongly indented (Pl. 14H). Male genitalia without strong setae on cercus, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.7x as long as epandrium high, not bent, not dilated, about 3.0x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface honeycomb-like, medial surface without setulae (Pl. 14A, B).</p><p>Holotype, ♂: PANAMA. Colon: Fort Sherman, Mojinga Swamp (9°18'0"N 79°58'.12"W), 7.v.1952, Blanton (USNM, 3218637), in suboptimal condition, abdomen dissected.</p><p>Paratype, same data as HT (♂ USNM, 3218638) .</p><p>Distribution. Panama.</p><p>Etymology. The species name, mojingae, is a genitive noun derived from the type locality.</p><p>Milichiella variata Brake, sp. n. (Pl. 13E, J)</p><p>Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of shiny black mesonotum, yellow halter, thorax with numerous acrostichal setae, labellum about as long as palpus, black legs, male T2–5 silvery microtomentose, except for shiny tip of T5.</p><p>Description. Body length: 1.6–1.9 mm; wing length: 1.5–1.8 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and upper orbital plates shiny black, lunule dark brown, basoflagellomere basomedially brown, face grey brown microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum shiny black, scutellum brown microtomentose, pleuron slightly brown microtomentose except for shiny spots on an- and katepisternum, wing hyaline, veins yellow, brown spot at apex of vein R1 absent, calypter white, halter yellow, legs black, fore and hind tarsus with dark yellow brush; abdomen with T2–5 silvery microtomentose, except for shiny tip of T5. Female coloration and vestiture: halter yellow, abdomen with T1–4 brown microtomentose, T5 shiny.</p><p>Head: frons with 2 or 2+0.4 orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 2.0x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 4.8x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with narrow notch (3om) and emargination (2om).</p><p>Thorax: 2 dc, 1 prsc, 1 pprn, 1 prs, 2 keps setae, posterior prsc less than 0.8x as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc absent. Wing with veins R 4+5 and M convergent (2.4); M-ratio is 3.2. Fore femur normal setulose, tibial organ absent.</p><p>Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T1 into T2 weak. Tergal chaetotaxy: T2 anterolateral corner with single line of setae, T2–4 posterior margin with 1 row of setulae. S5 1.3 x as long as wide, 1.8x as long and 2.0x as wide as S4, rectangular, posterior margin indented, setulose on posterior 3/4 and nearly up to lateral margins (Pl. 13J). Male genitalia same as M. brevirostris, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus same as M. brevirostris, structure of lateral surface weak honeycomb-like, more like longitudinal creases, medial surface without setulae (Pl. 13E).</p><p>Special characters: labellum about as long as palpus, thorax 0.8–0.9x as long as wide, numerous acrostichal setae, silvery microtomentum long.</p><p>Holotype, ♂: UNITED STATES. Texas: Travis Co., Austin (30°16'.12" N 97°43'59.88" W), 23.xi.1958, Wheeler [?] (USNM, 3217224), in good condition.</p><p>Paratypes, same data as HT (♂ USNM, 3217225), 9.xi.1958 (1 ♂ 2♀ USNM, BMNH, 3217226–8), 13.xi.1958 (♂ USNM, 3217223) .</p><p>Milichiella variata var.: MEXICO. Nayarit: Jalisco (21°27'0"N 104°54'0"W), 1–30.ix.1965, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-104.9&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=109.9833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -104.9/lat 109.9833)">Krauss</a> (6 ♂ USNM, BMNH, 3216710–5). Sonora: 25.8 km NE Ciudad Obregon (27°28'.12" N 109°58'59.88" W), 15.v.1961, Howden &amp; Martin (♂ CNC, 3217229) .</p><p>Distribution: Texas, variety from Mexico (Nayarit, Sonora).</p><p>Etymology. The species name, variata, is an adjective derived from the Latin word variatus = marked with contrasting colours, referring to the contrast between the shiny black thorax and silvery abdomen.</p><p>Remarks. Variety or separate species from Mexico with brown calypter margin, brown mid basitarsus, surstylus narrower at base and shape of sternite intermediate between M. brevirostris and M. longirostris .</p><p>Milichiella virginae Brake, sp. n. (Pl. 13A, H)</p><p>Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of shiny black mesonotum, anteriorly brown microtomentose scutellum, but shiny in middle and laterally, wing with veins R 4+5 and M convergent (2.5), halter black and male T2–5 silvery white microtomentose except for shiny posterior extended third of T5.</p><p>Description. Body length:? mm; wing length: 2.2 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates shiny black, lunule dark brown, basoflagellomere black, face brown microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum shiny black except for microtomentose anterior and posterior margin (posterior of dc), scutellum shiny in middle and laterally and anteriorly brown microtomentose, pleuron not visible, wing hyaline, veins light brown, brown spot at apex of vein R1 absent, calypter hyaline, halter black, legs black except for yellow basitarsi; abdomen with T2–5 silvery white microtomentose except for brown microtomentose anterolateral corner of T2, and shiny posterior extended third of T5.</p><p>Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta medioreclinate. In males frons 2.1x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 3.3x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with notch (4om) and emargination (1om).</p><p>Thorax: 2 dc, 1 prsc, 1 pprn, 1+0.5 prs, 2 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc present. Wing with veins R 4+5 and M convergent (2.5); M-ratio is 2.6. Fore femur normal setulose, tibial organ absent.</p><p>Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T1 into T2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T2 anterolateral corner with single line of setae, T2–4 posterior margin with one scarce row of setulae, T5 black part with long setae. S5 1.2 x as long as wide, 2.2x as long and 3.4x as wide as S4, posterior margin indented, setulose on posterior 2/ 3 in middle and near posterior margin (Pl. 13H). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus slightly longer than epandrial setae, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.5x as long as epandrium high, slightly dilated apically (1.3x), 1.7x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface weak honeycomb-like, with big parcels, medial surface without setulae (Pl. 13A).</p><p>Special characters: labellum about as long as palpus.</p><p>Holotype, ♂: BRITISH VIRGIN IS. Virgin Gorda: Prickly Pear I. (18°30'0"N 64°22'.12"W), 6.iv.1958, Clarke (USNM, 3216850), in suboptimal condition, abdomen dissected.</p><p>Material of questionable identity: JAMAICA. Cornwall: Trelawny, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-77.5333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.45" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -77.5333/lat 18.45)">Duncans</a> (18°27'0"N 77°31'59.88"W), 23.viii.1966, Howden &amp; Becker (♀ CNC, 3218257) ; UNITED STATES. Florida: Monroe Co., Sugarloaf Key, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-81.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.6333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -81.5/lat 24.6333)">Sec</a> 25 SE 1/4 <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-81.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.6333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -81.5/lat 24.6333)">Kitchings Hammock</a> (24°37'59.88"N 81°30'0"W), 10–19.viii.1992, Peck &amp; Peck (♂ DEBU, 3217779) ; VENEZUELA. Aragua: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.735596&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.4628" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.735596/lat 10.4628)">Puerto de Cata</a> (10°27'46.08"N 67°44'8.16"W), 10–11.vi.1976, Menke &amp; Vincent (♀ USNM, 3218111) .</p><p>Distribution. Virgin Islands,?Florida,? Jamaica,? Venezuela.</p><p>Etymology. The species name, virginae, is derived from the type locality.</p><p>Remarks. Milichiella virginae was collected at light.</p><p>Milichiella zaiziksensis Brake, sp. n. (Pl. 13D, G, L)</p><p>Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of shiny black mesonotum and scutellum, yellow halter, hyaline wings, medium or long proboscis and protruding face, male abdomen with T2–5 silvery microtomentose, except for shiny tip of T5.</p><p>Description. Body length: 2.5–2.6 mm; wing length: 1.9–2.3 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and upper orbital plates shiny black, lunule dark brown, basoflagellomere black, sometimes basomedially reddish, face brown microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum shiny black, scutellum shiny, pleuron slightly brown microtomentose, wing hyaline, veins light brown, brown spot at apex of vein R1 absent, calypter white, margin yellow, halter yellow, legs black except for yellowish mid and hind basitarsus (var.: all basitarsi yellowish); abdomen with T2–5 silvery microtomentose, except for shiny tip of T5. Female coloration and vestiture: halter yellow, abdomen with T1–4 brown microtomentose, T5 shiny.</p><p>Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta slightly medioreclinate. In males frons 2.1x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 3.6x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with narrow notch (3om) and emargination (1–2om).</p><p>Thorax: 2 dc, 1 prsc, 1 pprn, 1 prs, 2 keps setae, posterior prsc less than 0.8x as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc absent. Wing with veins R 4+5 and M convergent (2.6); M-ratio is 2.7. Fore femur slightly more densely setulose, tibial organ absent.</p><p>Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T1 into T2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T2 anterolateral corner with single line of setae, T2–4 posterior margin with 1 row of setulae. S5 1.4 x as long as wide, 2.0x as long and 1.7x as wide as S4, posterior margin indented, setulose on posterior 3/4, even more so near posterior margin, setae at posterior margin thinner than other setae (Pl. 13L). Male genitalia with long seta on cercus, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.5x as long as epandrium high, dilated apically (1.4x), very broad, structure of lateral surface medium size honeycomb-like, medial surface without setulae (Pl. 13D, G).</p><p>Special characters: labellum 1.0–1.4x as long as palpus and up to same length as vertical eye diameter, face protruding.</p><p>Holotype, ♂: UNITED STATES. California: San Bernardino Co., ZZYZX <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-116.105&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.143333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -116.105/lat 35.143333)">Spring</a> (35°8.6'N, 116°6.3'W), 29.iv.2002, Mathis &amp; Mathis (USNM, 3216724; Ent 00191400), in good condition.</p><p>Paratypes (USNM unless otherwise indicated), same data as HT (2 ♂, 3216722–3); UNITED STATES. California: San Bernardino Co., Morongo (34°1'59.88"N 116°34'.12"W), 26.ix.1944, Melander (2 ♂, 3216752); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-116.37623&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.81064" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -116.37623/lat 33.81064)">Imperial Co.</a>, 19.3 km E Heber (32°43'.12" N 115°31'.12"W), 11.v.1956, Haig (♂, 3216773); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-116.37623&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.81064" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -116.37623/lat 33.81064)">Inyo Co.</a>, Nevares Springs (36°30.7'N, 116°49.3'W), 1.iv.2005, Mathis &amp; Mathis (♀, 3216780); Panamint Springs (36°20'23"N, 117°28'1"W), 15.viii.1953, Schlinger (1 ♂ 1♀, 3216771–2); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-116.37623&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.81064" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -116.37623/lat 33.81064)">Lake Co.</a>, Saratoga Springs (39°10'.12" N 122°58'.12"W), 30.v.1953, Belkin (10 ♂ 4♀, 3216754–65, 3216767–8); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-116.37623&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.81064" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -116.37623/lat 33.81064)">Orange Co.</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-116.37623&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.81064" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -116.37623/lat 33.81064)">Corona del Mar</a> (33°34'59.88"N 117°52'.12"W), 16.ix.1949 (2 ♂, 3216753); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-116.37623&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.81064" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -116.37623/lat 33.81064)">Riverside Co.</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-116.37623&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.81064" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -116.37623/lat 33.81064)">Anza Borrego Desert State Park</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-116.37623&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.81064" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -116.37623/lat 33.81064)">Mt. Palm Springs</a> (32°51'0"N 116°13'.12"W), 5.iv.1967, Wood (5 ♂ CNC, 3217195–9); Hot Mineral (33°43'59.88"N 116°3'0"W), 30.iv.1952, Belkin (♂, 3216733); Palm Canyon (33°33'0"N 116°33'0"W), 12.i.1953, Arnaud (6 ♂, 3216749–51); Palm Desert, Boyd Deep Canyon, Desert Research Center (33°43'.12" N 116°22'.12"W), 4.xi.1999, Arnaud &amp; Arnaud (♀, 3216781); Thermal (33°37'59.88"N 116°7'59.88"W), 8.iv.1955, Richards (♀ CNC, 3217204); Thousand Palms (33°48'38.3"N 116°22'34.42"W), 19.iii.1951, Tinkham (4 ♂, 3216747–8), 25.iii.1955, Mason (2 ♂ CNC, 3217200–1), 3.iv.1955 (♀ CNC, 3217202), 17.iv.1955, Richards (♀ CNC, 3217203), 12.iii.1960, Melander (10 ♂, 3216741–6); Thousand Palms, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-116.37623&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.81064" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -116.37623/lat 33.81064)">Willis Palm Oasis</a> (33°48'38.3"N 116°22'34.42"W), 3.iv.1955, Mason (39 ♂ 3♀ CNC, BMNH, 3217151–92), 9.iv.1955 (♀ CNC, 3217194), 17.iv.1955 (♀ CNC, 3217193) .</p><p>Additional material examined: CHILE. Tacna: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.2483&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.0056" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.2483/lat -18.0056)">Tacna</a> (18°0'20.16"S 70°14'53.88"W), 22.x.1902, Schnuse (♂ ZMHU, 3217778), paralectotype of Eccoptomma montanum; MEXICO. Puebla: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-97.4333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -97.4333/lat 18.5)">Tehuacán</a> (18°30'0"N 97°25'59.88"W), 23.vi.1951, Hurd (2 ♂ USNM, 3218743–4) ; PERU. Lima: Lima, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-77.05&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -77.05/lat -12.05)">Lagunas de Villa</a> (12°3'0"S 77°3'0"W), 14.ii.1984, Mathis (♂ USNM, 3217776) . Piura: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-80.6333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.2" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -80.6333/lat -5.2)">Piura</a> (5°12'0"S 80°37'59.88"W), 25.vi.1911, Townsend (7 ♂ USNM, 3217769–75) ; UNITED STATES. California: San Bernardino Co., 29 <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-116.05&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.133297" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -116.05/lat 34.133297)">Palms</a> (34°7'59.88"N 116°3'0"W), 9.v.1946, Melander (♂ USNM, 3216587) . Florida: Monroe Co., Key West (24°34'.12" N 81°48'0" W), 1–30.xi.1950, Krauss (♂ USNM, 3217777) ; VENEZUELA. Aragua: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.735596&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.4628" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.735596/lat 10.4628)">Puerto de Cata</a> (10°27'46.08"N 67°44'8.16"W), 10–11.vi.1976, Menke &amp; Vincent (♂ USNM, 3217268) .</p><p>Milichiella zaiziksensis var. (all USNM): UNITED STATES. Arizona: Yuma Co., 16.1 km NE Ehrenberg (33°36'0"N 114°31'.12"W), 16.iv.1969, Pinger (4 ♂, 3216776–9); Yuma (32°43'.12" N 114°37'.12"W), 6.vii.1953, Haga (♂, 3216775), 16.vii.1953 (♂, 3216774). California: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-116.05&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.7333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -116.05/lat 33.7333)">Imperial Co.</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-116.05&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.7333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -116.05/lat 33.7333)">Hot Mineral</a> (33°25'32.16"N 115°41'6"W), 25.iv.1953, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-116.05&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.7333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -116.05/lat 33.7333)">Belkin</a> (♂, 3216736); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-116.05&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.7333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -116.05/lat 33.7333)">Riverside Co.</a>, 6th <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-116.05&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.7333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -116.05/lat 33.7333)">Ave. County</a> Park, 9.7 km NE Blythe (33°36'0"N 114°34'59.88"W), 16.iv.1969, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-116.05&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.7333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -116.05/lat 33.7333)">Pinger</a> (3 ♂, 3216738–40); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-116.05&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.7333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -116.05/lat 33.7333)">Coachella Valley</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-116.05&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.7333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -116.05/lat 33.7333)">Oasis</a> (33°55'.12" N 116°33'0" W), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-116.05&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.7333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -116.05/lat 33.7333)">Tinkham</a> (♂, 3216737); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-116.05&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.7333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -116.05/lat 33.7333)">Hot Mineral</a> (33°43'59.88"N 116°3'0"W), 30.iv.1952, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-116.05&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.7333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -116.05/lat 33.7333)">Belkin</a> (8 ♂, 3216727–35) .</p><p>Distribution: California and Florida, south to Venezuela and northern Chile, variety from Arizona and California.</p><p>Etymology. The species name, zaiziksensis, is derived from the pronunciation of the type locality, the Zzyzx Springs.</p><p>Remarks. Milichiella zaiziksensis has been collected in an Arnauld Flight Trap, on yucca ( Agavaceae), and flying in small swarms in the sun, mating. Specimens of the variety were collected on cotton ( Malvaceae).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AB0903FFF9FF90FF5A63BBBFE3F981	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Brake, Irina	Brake, Irina (2009): Revision of Milichiella Giglio-Tos (Diptera, Milichiidae) 2188. Zootaxa 2188 (1): 1-166, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2188.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2188.1.1
03AB0903FFF1FF8CFF5A61C6BCCFFBD9.text	03AB0903FFF1FF8CFF5A61C6BCCFFBD9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Milichiella frontalis (Becker 1907)	<div><p>frontalis -group</p><p>Species in the frontalis -group are characterized by the combination of male thorax slightly brown microtomentose, 3+1 dc, and bent tip of T5 bluish silvery microtomentose. It is quite possible that all three species currently belonging to this group represent varieties of one species. The amount of male silvery microtomentum in Milichiella frontalis varies quite considerably between specimens and the difference between the colour of the male abdomen of some M. frontalis (e.g. Chile: El Coigo) and the lectotype of M. montanum is rather small. At the same time the difference between M. montanum and M. concavum is small, too.</p><p>Distribution: Middle Peru to middle Chile including Juan Fernandez Islands and adjacent Argentina and</p><p>Bolivia.</p><p>Milichiella concava (Becker, 1907)</p><p>Eccoptomma concavum Becker, 1907: 541 . CHILE. Santiago. LT ♂ SMTD [pres. des.]. Ortiz 1946: 142 [checklist, Chile]; Rohlfien &amp; Ewald 1970: 444 [type information]; Sabrosky 1973: 4 [Neotropical catalogue].</p><p>Milichiella concavum . Brake 2000: 105 [world catalogue].</p><p>Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the silvery microtomentose male T2–5 except for brown black anterior margin of T2, brown elongation of triangle, and posterior half of T5 as well as the bluish silvery tip of T5.</p><p>Description. Body length: 2.5–3 mm; wing length: 2.3–2.7 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates brown microtomentose, lunule black, basoflagellomere black, face brown microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum slightly to normally brown microtomentose with shiny bronze hue, scutellum and pleuron same except for shiny spot on anepisternum, wing hyaline, veins brown, brown spot at apex of vein R1 absent, calypter brown, halter black, legs black, fore and hind tarsus with brown brush; abdomen with T2–5 silvery microtomentose except for brown black anterior margin of T2, brown elongation of triangle, and posterior half of T5; tip of T5 blueish silvery. Female coloration and vestiture: wing veins light brown, halter black, abdomen with T2–5 brown microtomentose.</p><p>Head: frons with 2+0.8 orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta slightly medioreclinate. In males frons 2.1x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 4.6x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with notch (3–4om) and emargination (2–3om).</p><p>Thorax: 3+1 dc, 3 (female:1) prsc, 1 pprn, 1+0.4 prs, 2+0.6 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc small. Wing with veins R 4+5 and M very weakly convergent (1.4); M-ratio is 2.5–2.6. Fore femur normal setulose, tibial organ absent.</p><p>Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T1 into T2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T2 anterolateral corner with 2–3 lines of setae, T2–5 lateral margins with long setae, T1 setulose, T2 setulose on posterior 2/3, T3–4 posterior margin with 1–2 row of setulae, T5 brown and bordering silvery part setulose, 1 row of setae anterior to silvery tip. S5 same as in M. frontalis (see Pl. 10G). Male genitalia same as in M. frontalis, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus same as in M. frontalis, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface without setulae (see Pl. 10A, B).</p><p>Special characters: first flagellomere and palpi small, orbital plate extends into frons as acute medioventral tip.</p><p>Lectotype, ♂: CHILE. Santiago: Santiago (33°27'0"S 70°40'.12"W), 17.ix.1902, Schnuse (pinned together with 1♀ PLT, SMTD, 3218007), in good condition. The type series consists of an unspecified number of males and females from Chile, Santiago, in November. There are 8 specimens from this locality in SMTD, with 3 specimens (1 male and 1 female on one pin) bearing Becker's identification label. Additionally there are 4 males from this locality in ZMHU, with one bearing Becker's identification label, and 2 males in DEI. However, all these specimens were collected in September. I conclude that Becker confused the 'ix' with an 'xi'. Five further Schnuse specimens from other localities in Chile and Peru are not part of the type series, even though one bears Becker's identification label. I here designate the SMTD male, which is mounted on one pin with a female, as the lectotype. The others are paralectotypes except for the DEI specimens, which were identified as M. tricincta by Lichtwardt and apparently did not belong to the type series Becker studied.</p><p>Paralectotypes, same data as LT (11 ♂ 1♀ SMTD, ZMHU, 3218006, 3218008–12, 3218015–20) .</p><p>Additional material examined: CHILE. Santiago: Santiago (33°27'0"S 70°40'.12"W), 17.ix.1902, Schnuse (2 ♂ DEI, 3218264–5); Perales, 1–30.ix.1923 (♂ USNM, 3218014). Quillota: Quillota (32°54'0"S 71°16'.12"W) , 20.ix.1902, Schnuse (♂ SMTD, 3218013) ; PERU. Lima: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.4&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-11.85" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.4/lat -11.85)">Matucana</a>, 2225 m (11°51'S, 76°24'W), 1.vi.–31.vii.1913, Brues (♂ USNM, 3218034), 1.vii.19?? (♂ USNM, 3218114). Distribution: Middle Chile to middle Peru .</p><p>Milichiella frontalis (Becker, 1907) (Pl. 10A, B, G)</p><p>Eccoptomma frontale Becker, 1907: 542 . CHILE. Coronel. LT ♂ SMTD [pres. des.]. Malloch 1934: 463 [colour variation, swarming, Argentina, Chile]; Ortiz 1946: 142 [checklist, Chile]; Hennig 1957: 411 [Juan Fernandez I., Chile]; Sabrosky 1973: 4 [Neotropical catalogue, Argentina, Chile].</p><p>Milichiella frontale . Brake 2000: 105 [world catalogue].</p><p>Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the brown microtomentose male T2–5 except for silvery microtomentose posterolateral margin of T2 and narrow to broad anterior margins of T3–5, which get broader laterally to build silvery lateral margin, and blueish silvery tip of T5.</p><p>Description. Body length: 2.5 mm; wing length: 2.8 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates brown microtomentose, lunule black, basoflagellomere black, face black microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum slightly to normally brown microtomentose with shiny hue, scutellum and pleuron same except for shiny spot on anepisternum, wing hyaline, veins brown, brown spot at apex of vein R1 absent, calypter light brown with dark margin, halter black, legs black; abdomen with T2–5 brown microtomentose except for silvery microtomentose posterolateral margin of T2 and narrow to broad anterior margins of T3–5, which get broader laterally to build silvery lateral margin; tip of T5 blueish silvery. Female coloration and vestiture: halter brown, abdomen with T2–5 subshiny, slightly brown microtomentose.</p><p>Head: frons with 2+1 orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 2.3–2.5x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 6.0x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with narrow notch (3–4om) and emargination (2om).</p><p>Thorax: 3+1 dc, 3 (female: 1) prsc, 1 pprn, 1 prs and row of short setae, 2+0.8 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc small. Wing with veins R 4+5 and M weakly convergent (1.5); M-ratio is 3.2. Fore femur slightly more densely setulose, tibial organ absent.</p><p>Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T1 into T2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T2 anterolateral corner with 2–3 lines of setae, T1 setulose, T2–5 silvery parts bare, black parts setulose, lateral margins with long setae, T5 with row of setae anterior to silvery tip. S5 about 1.2x as wide as long, about 3.1x as wide and 1.3x as long as S4, crescent shaped, setulose (Pl. 10G). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus not longer than epandrial setae, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.2–0.3x as long as epandrium high, slightly bent anteriorly, about as long as wide, not dilated apically, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface without setulae (Pl. 10A, B).</p><p><a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.1833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-37.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.1833/lat -37.0)">Special</a> characters: orbital plate extends into frons as acute medioventral tip; setae much shorter in female. Lectotype, ♂: CHILE. Coronel (37°0'0"S 73°10'59.88"W), 9.ix.1902, Schnuse (SMTD, 3217912), head, one wing and some legs missing, thorax damaged. The type series consists of an unspecified number of males from Chile: Coronel. There is one specimen from this locality in SMTD, bearing Becker's identification label. I here designate this specimen as the lectotype.</p><p>Additional material examined: ARGENTINA. Rio Negro: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.3833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-41.1833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.3833/lat -41.1833)">Bariloche</a> (41°10'59.88"S 71°22'59.88"W), 1–30.xi.1926, Shannon &amp; Shannon (2 ♂ USNM, 3217963–4); S. Arg., Rio Negro, El Bolson Topal, 15.iii.1961 (2 ♂ HNHM, 3218480–1) ; CHILE. 1836, Gay (♂ MNHNP, 3219086). Biobio: Contulmo (38°0'0"S 73°13'59.88"W), 9.ii.1904, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.5833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.0333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.5833/lat -33.0333)">Schönemann</a> (2 ♂ ZMHU, 3218004–5). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.5833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.0333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.5833/lat -33.0333)">Cachapoal</a>: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.5833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.0333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.5833/lat -33.0333)">Olivar</a> (34°14'S, 70°50'W), 11.xi.1929, Reed, Dr. (♂ USNM, 3217943). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.5833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.0333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.5833/lat -33.0333)">Cauquenes</a>: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.5833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.0333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.5833/lat -33.0333)">Cauquenes</a> (35°58'.12" S 72°22'.12"W), 29.vii.1900, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.5833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.0333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.5833/lat -33.0333)">Schönemann</a> (♂ ZMHU, 3218003). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.5833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.0333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.5833/lat -33.0333)">Chiloé</a>: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.5833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.0333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.5833/lat -33.0333)">Ancud</a> (41°52'11"S 73°49'13"W), 17–19.xii.1926, Edwards &amp; Edwards (♂ USNM, 3217944); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.5833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.0333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.5833/lat -33.0333)">Castro</a> (42°30'0"S 73°46'.12"W), 1–31.xii.1926, Shannon &amp; Shannon (3 ♂ USNM, 3217965–7). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.5833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.0333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.5833/lat -33.0333)">Choapa</a>: Coquimbo region, 35.4 km N Los Vilos (31°55'59.88"S 71°34'59.88"W), 13.xii.1950, Ross &amp; Michelbacher (♂ USNM, 3217941). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.5833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.0333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.5833/lat -33.0333)">Curico</a>: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.5833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.0333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.5833/lat -33.0333)">El Coigo</a> (35°0'0"S 71°15'0"W), 1–20.x.1960, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.5833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.0333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.5833/lat -33.0333)">Pena</a> (♂ CNC, 3218000); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.5833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.0333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.5833/lat -33.0333)">Estero La Jaula</a>, 915 m (35°1'S, 70°45'W), 17.ii.1998, Woodley (2 ♂ USNM, 3217968–9). Llanquihue: Ensenada (41°12'0"S 72°33'0"W), 14–15.xii.1926, Edwards &amp; Edwards (7 ♂ BMNH, 3217913–19); Puerto Varas (41°19'59.88"S 73°0'0"W), 1–31.xii.1926, Shannon &amp; Shannon (10 ♂ USNM, 3217953–62); Puerto Varas (41°19'59.88"S 73°0'0"W), 16.xii.1926, Edwards &amp; Edwards (17 ♂ BMNH, 3217920–36). Malleco: Angol (37°46'59.88"S 72°45'0"W), 15.v.1931, Bullock (2♀ USNM, 3217970–1), 8.xii.1925 (♂ USNM, 3217948), 7.ix.1926 (3 ♂ USNM, 3217945–7), 24.ix.1926 (4 ♂ USNM, 3217949–52), 27.iii.1934 (♂ USNM, 3217940). Nuble: Chillan Ciudad (36°37'.12" S 72°10'.12"W), 14.iii.1903 (3 ♂ SMTD, 3217937–9). Quillota: Quillota (32°54'0"S 71°16'.12"W), 20.ix.1902, Schnuse (♂ SMTD, 3218001). Santiago: Santiago (33°27'0"S 70°40'.12"W), 2.xii.1953, Kuschel (2 ♂ BMNH, 3218002, 3218182). Valparaiso: Juan Fernandez Is., Masatierra, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.5833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.0333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.5833/lat -33.0333)">Bahia Cumberland</a> (33°37'.12" S 78°49'.12"W), 2.iii.1951, Kuschel (4 ♂ DEI, 3218280–3), 20.iii.1951 (♂ DEI, 3218279); Robinson Crusoe I. [=Mas a Tierra], N side Yungue (33°37'59.88"S 78°52'.12"W), 1–9.ii.1973, Pena (27 ♂ 1♀ CNC, 3217972–99); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.5833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.0333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.5833/lat -33.0333)">Vina del Mar</a> (33°1'59.88"S 71°34'59.88"W), 31.viii.1910, Herbst (2 ♂ USNM, 3217942) .</p><p>Distribution: Middle Chile, including Juan Fernandez Islands and adjacent Argentina.</p><p>Milichiella montana (Becker, 1907)</p><p>Eccoptomma montanum Becker, 1907: 541 . PERU. Cuzco, 3300–4200 m. LT ♂ SMTD [pres. des.]. Becker, 1907: 541 [Peru, Chile]; Curran 1928: 66 [description, Puerto Rico] (pers. note: identification doubtful); Wolcott 1936: 391 [checklist, Puerto Rico] (pers. note: identification doubtful); Ortiz 1946: 142 [checklist, Chile]; Rohlfien &amp; Ewald 1970: 444 [type information]; Sabrosky 1973: 4 [Neotropical catalogue].</p><p>Milichiella montanum . Brake 2000: 106 [world catalogue].</p><p>Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the brown microtomentose male T2 except for silvery posterior margin and lateral sides, silvery microtomentose T3–4, and silvery white tip of T5.</p><p>Description. Body length: 2.5–3 mm; wing length: 2.9–3.2 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons brown, ocellar triangle and orbital plates brown microtomentose, lunule black, basoflagellomere black, face black microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum slightly brown microtomentose, scutellum and pleuron same except for shiny spot on anepisternum, wing hyaline, veins brown, brown spot at apex of vein R1 absent, calypter light brown with brown margin, halter black, legs black; abdomen with T2 brown microtomentose except for silvery posterior margin and lateral sides, T3–5 silvery microtomentose; ventrally bent tip of T5 silvery white.</p><p>Head: frons with 3 orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 2.0x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 5.6x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with notch (4om) and emargination (1–2om).</p><p>Thorax: 3+1 dc, 3+1 prsc, 1 pprn, 1 prs and row of 0.6 setae, 2+0.8 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc absent or small. Wing with veins R 4+5 and M very weakly convergent (1.6); M-ratio is 2.9. Fore femur slightly more densely setulose, tibial organ absent.</p><p>Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T1 into T2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T2 anterolateral corner with 2–3 lines of setae, T2 setulose, T3–5 posterior margin with 1–2 row of setulae, T5 with row of setae anterior to silvery tip. S5 same as M. frontalis (see Pl. 10G). Male genitalia same as M. frontalis, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus same as M. frontalis, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface without setulae (see Pl. 10A, B).</p><p>Special characters: orbital plate extends into frons as acute medioventral tip.</p><p>Lectotype, ♂: BOLIVIA. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.6333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.783299" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.6333/lat -15.783299)">La Paz</a>: Sorata, 2300 m (15°46'59.88"S 68°37'59.88"W), 22.xii.1902, Schnuse (SMTD, 3218022), in good condition. The type series consists of an unspecified number of males from Peru: Cuzco, Chile and Bolivia: Sorata. If Cuzco (now Cusco) is interpreted as being the whole department of Cusco, than there are 7 specimens of these localities in SMTD, with two bearing Becker's identification label. Additionally there are 4 males of these localities in ZMHU, with two bearing Becker's identification label. The fourth specimen belongs to a different species. I here designate one of the SMTD males bearing Becker's identification label as the lectotype. According to Rohlfien &amp; Ewald (1972) there are 4 syntypes in DEI from the Oldenberg collection. Two of these specimens seem to be lost and the other two could be identical with specimens from the Lichtwardt collection, which were identified as M. tricincta but are actually M. concava .</p><p>Paralectotypes (all Schnuse): CHILE. Santiago: Santiago (33°27'0"S 70°40'.12"W), 17.ix.1902 (♂ SMTD, 3218021) . Tarapacá: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-69.666664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.833334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -69.666664/lat -18.833334)">Palca</a> (18°50'S, 69°40'W), 19.x.1902 (2 ♂ SMTD, 3218027–8), 20.x.1902 (2 ♂ ZMHU, 3218035–6) ; PERU. Cusco: Cusco, 3200–4200 m (13°31'5.88"S 71°58'41.16"W), 1–31.iii.1905 (2 ♂ SMTD, 3218025–6); Sicuani (14°16'.12" S 71°13'.12"W), 8.x.1903 (♂ ZMHU, 3218037); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.75&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.733299" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.75/lat -10.733299)">Urubamba River</a>, 3000 m (10°43'59.88"S 73°45'0"W), 18.ii.1906 (♂ SMTD, 3218024) .</p><p>Additional material examined: CHILE. Coquimbo: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.3&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.9" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.3/lat -29.9)">50 km S La Serena</a> (29°54'0"S 71°18'0"W), 1.xii.1950, Ross &amp; Michelbacher (9 ♂ USNM, BMNH, 3218946–50, 3218952–5) . Tarapacá: Caritaya, 3200 m (19°0'0"S 69°25'.12"W), 19.ix.1952, Pena (♂ CNC, 3218023); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-69.666664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.833334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -69.666664/lat -18.833334)">Palca</a> (18°50'S, 69°40'W), 19.x.1902, Schnuse (♂ SMTD, 3218030) ; PERU. Arequipa: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.55&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.4" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.55/lat -16.4)">Arequipa</a> (16°24'0"S 71°33'0"W), 13.xi.1902, Schnuse (♂ SMTD, 3218033) . Moquegua: Yacango, 2134–2438 m (17°5'35.88"S 70°52'1.92"W), 5.x.1965, Hitchcock, Jr. (♂ USNM, 3218029); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.75&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.733299" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.75/lat -10.733299)">Urubamba River</a>, 3000 m (10°43'59.88"S 73°45'0"W), 30.i.1906, Schnuse (♂ SMTD, 3218032), 25.iv.1906 (♂ SMTD, 3218031) .</p><p>Distribution. Middle Peru to middle Chile and adjacent Bolivia.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AB0903FFF1FF8CFF5A61C6BCCFFBD9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Brake, Irina	Brake, Irina (2009): Revision of Milichiella Giglio-Tos (Diptera, Milichiidae) 2188. Zootaxa 2188 (1): 1-166, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2188.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2188.1.1
03AB0903FFEDFF82FF5A6316BB8AF941.text	03AB0903FFEDFF82FF5A6316BB8AF941.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Milichiella lacteipennis (Loew 1866)	<div><p>lacteipennis -group</p><p>Species in the lacteipennis -group are characterized by the combination of posterior orbital seta present, shiny black ocellar triangle and orbital plates, 2 dc, 1 prsc, prsc about as long as posterior dc, 1 pprn, vein R 4+5 and M strongly convergent, male halter yellow, seta on subepandrial plate absent, lower half of epandrium striate, surstylus usually longer than wide, with slight angle anteroapically and dilation posteroapically and with lateral side striate.</p><p>Distribution: America, from southern Canada south to Chile and Argentinia; southern Europe to Japan, south to Africa and Australia; Pacific islands.</p><p>Milichiella arcuata (Loew, 1876) (Pl. 15C, G)</p><p>Lobioptera arcuata Loew, 1876: 339 . UNITED STATES. New York: Long Island. HT ♂ MCZ. Osten Sacken 1878: 209 [catalogue, North America]; Smith 1890: 403 [New Jersey]; Johnson 1895: 339 [Florida], 1904: 163 [New Jersey], 1910: 813 [New Jersey]; Becker 1907: 535 [diagnosis].</p><p>Milichia arcuata . Aldrich 1905: 651 [catalogue, North America].</p><p>Milichiella arcuata . Johnson 1913: 89 [Florida], 1925: 287 [Massachusetts], 1927: 225 [Maine], 1930: 157 [Massachusetts]; Malloch 1913b: 132 [District of Columbia, Maryland, Canada]; Curran 1928: 68 [Puerto Rico] (pers. note: identification doubtful); Johannsen 1928: 864 [New York]; Procter 1938: 348 [citation], 1946: 403 [citation]; Wolcott 1936: 391 [checklist, Puerto Rico] (pers. note: identification doubtful); Brimley 1938: 389 [checklist, North Carolina]; Sabrosky 1965: 733 [Nearctic catalogue]; Cole 1969: 390 [Arizona]; Frost 1969: 99 [light trap, Florida]; Aldrich &amp; Barros 1995: 213 [chemical attraction to [E]-2-Hexenal]; Poole 1996: 179 [Nearctic checklist]; Brake 2000: 104 [world catalogue]; Anonymous 2009 [type information, photos].</p><p>Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of shiny mesonotum, white wings and silvery microtomentose male T2–5.</p><p>Description. Body length: 2.5–3.2 mm; wing length: 2.2–2.8 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and upper orbital plates shiny black, lunule brown, basoflagellomere black, sometimes basomedially reddish, face greyish microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum shiny black, scutellum brown microtomentose, pleuron with anepisternum and middle of katepisternum shiny, otherwise brown microtomentose, wing white, veins white, brown spot at apex of vein R1 absent, calypter white, halter yellow, legs black, fore and hind tarsus with yellow brush; abdomen with T2–5 silvery microtomentose. Female coloration and vestiture: halter yellow, abdomen with T1–4 brown microtomentose, T5 shiny.</p><p>Head: frons with 2+0.8 orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 2.2x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 3.3x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with notch (4om, female: 5–6om) and slight emargination.</p><p>Thorax: 2 dc, 1 prsc, 1 pprn, 1 prs, 2 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc absent. Wing with veins R 4+5 and M strongly convergent (3.1); M-ratio is 1.5. Fore femur normal setulose, tibial organ absent.</p><p>Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T1 into T2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T2 anterolateral corner with 2–3 lines of setae, T2–4 posterior margin with 1 row of setulae. S5 2.1 x as long as wide, 1.7x as long and 1.3x as wide as S4, setulose on posterior 3/4 except for middle line (G). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus as long as longest epandrial setae; dorsal length of epandrium less than in Milichiella lucidula; epandrium with striate anteroventral extension and 0 setae on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.3x as long as epandrium high, dilated posteroapically (1.4x) with anterior margin straight and slight angle at anteroapical margin, 2.0x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface striate, medial surface without setulae (Pl. 15C).</p><p>Special characters: wings and abdomen bright white, labellum shorter than palpus.</p><p>Material examined: For specimen data of Milichiella arcuata see http://ww.milichiidae.info.</p><p>Milichiella arcuata var.: UNITED STATES. Florida: Marion Co., Ocala National Forest, Rd 65 (29°10'.12" N 81°46'59.88" W), 10–15.vi.1984, Marshall (♀ DEBU, 3217791); Ocala National Forest, Silver Springs Woods (29°10'.12" N 81°46'59.88" W), 15–22.vi.1984, Marshall (♂ DEBU, 3217783), 23–24.vi.1984 (♀ DEBU, 3217784); Ocala National Forest, Zay Prairie (29°12'0"N 81°49'.12"W), 14–18.vi.1984, Marshall (6♀ DEBU, 3217785–90). Massachusetts: Barnstable Co., Provincetown (42°3'0"N 70°10'.12"W), 24.vii.1937, Melander (♂ USNM, 3217093). New Jersey: Burlington Co., Oswego Lake (39°43'.12" N 74°28'59.88" W), 30.viii.1974, Menke &amp; Miller (♂ USNM, 3217230) .</p><p>Questionable specimens of Milichiella arcuata var.: UNITED STATES. Florida : Putnam Co., Hollister (29°37'.12" N 81°48'0" W), 26.viii.1985, Milstrey (♂ USNM, 3217100). Texas : Cameron Co., Boca Chica, 38.6 km E Brownsville (25°54'0"N 97°28'59.88"W), 2–3.viii.1963, Howden &amp; Howden (♂ CNC, 3217123). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-97.4833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.9" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -97.4833/lat 25.9)">Distribution</a>: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-97.4833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.9" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -97.4833/lat 25.9)">Middle</a> and <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-97.4833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.9" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -97.4833/lat 25.9)">Eastern North America</a>, from Kansas to southern Quebec and Maine , south to Texas and Florida.</p><p>Remarks. Specimens of the variety differ in having hyaline wings, a black abdominal tip, as well as wider and shorter S5.</p><p>Milichiella arcuata has been collected at light, in Malaise and carrion traps, in Opuntia fields, in damp secondary growth in Acer-Betula woods, on carrion, at windows, on charred trunks, egg plants, and resting on blossoms of Lactuca scariola var. integrata (Asteraceae) . It has been reared from a chicken pen. The species is fairly common and has been collected May to September in the north and February to December in the south.</p><p>Milichiella arcuata var. has been collected in wild mushroom traps, “ADg. traps”, mushroom traps [under] Palmetto shrubs ( Arecaceae), and Malaise traps. A questionable specimen of this variety emerged from the detritus of a gopher tortoise burrow.</p><p>Pl. 15: A–B. Milichiella argenteocincta . A. Male genitalia, lateral view; B. Hypandrial complex, ventral view. C–D. Male genitalia, lateral view. C. M. arcuata; D. M. lucidula . E–H. Male sternites 4 and 5. E. M. argenteocincta; F. M. argenteocincta var.; G. M. arcuata; H. M. lucidula . I. M. villarricae, surstylus. Scale bar: 0.1.</p><p>Milichiella argenteocincta Johnson, 1919 (Pl. 15A, B, E, F)</p><p>Milichiella argenteocincta Johnson, 1919: 449 . JAMAICA. Kingston. HT ♂ MCZ. Sabrosky 1973: 4 [Neotropical catalogue]; Brake 2000: 105 [world catalogue]; Anonymous 2009 [type information, photos].</p><p>Pholeomyia argenteocincta . Gowdey 1926: 89 [checklist, Jamaica].</p><p>Milichiella flavipalpis Hendel, 1932: 142 . BOLIVIA. San José de Chiquitos. ST 2# SMNS. Sabrosky 1973: 4 [Neotropical catalogue, Argentina]; Brake 2000: 105 [world catalogue]. Syn. nov.</p><p>Milichiella lacteipennis . Misidentification. Wolcott 1936: 391 [on Murraya exotica, checklist, Puerto Rico].</p><p>Milichiella sp. Maldonado Capriles &amp; Navarro 1967: 56 [ Milichiella in Wolcotts list of Puerto Rico is in part a new species nr. M. bisignata].</p><p>Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of brown microtomentose mesonotum, grey pleuron and silvery posterolateral corners of male T2.</p><p>Description. Body length: 2.9–3.0 mm; wing length: 2.7 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates shiny black, lunule yellowish, basoflagellomere basomedially yellow, face silvery white microtomentose, palpus yellow, tip sometimes darker; thorax with mesonotum brown microtomentose (sometimes only slightly), scutellum same, pleuron slightly grey white microtomentose, wing hyaline or white, veins yellow, brown spot at apex of vein R1 present, calypter white, halter yellow, legs black except for medially and posteriorly yellow fore coxa and ventrally red brown tips of femora, bases of tibiae, and tarsi; abdomen with T2–4 slightly brown microtomentose except for silvery posterolateral margin of T2 and narrow greyish posterior margin of T3–4; T5 shiny except for brown microtomentose anterior margin. Female coloration and vestiture: halter yellow, abdomen with T1–4 brown microtomentose, T5 shiny.</p><p>Head: frons with 2+0.5 orbital and 3 frontal setae, anterior frontal setae medioclinate. In males frons 2.3x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 4.7x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with notch (4–5om) and narrow emargination (1om).</p><p>Thorax: 2 dc, 1 prsc, 1 pprn, 1+0.3 prs, 2 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc absent. Wing with veins R 4+5 and M convergent (3.0); M-ratio is 1.5–2. Fore femur normal setulose, tibial organ absent.</p><p>Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T1 into T2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T2 setulose except on silvery parts, anterolateral corner with more than 3 lines of setae, T3–4 posterior margin setulose, T5 shiny parts setulose. S5 1.7 x as long as wide, 1.8x as long and 1.1x as wide as S4, rectangular, posterior margin indented, setulose (Pl. 15E). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus shorter than longest epandrial seta; pregonite with tuft of strong setulae and 0 setae on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.3x as long as epandrium high, with anteroventral edge, slightly dilated posteroapically (1.3x), anterior margin slightly incurved, 1.6x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface striate, medial surface without setulae, some long sensilla at margin and one in middle (Pl. 15A, B).</p><p>Special characters: notch in posterior eye margin sometimes with sharper angle.</p><p>Material examined (USNM unless otherwise indicated): ARGENTINA. Bemberg Mts., 12–16.i.1945, Hayward Willink Y Goldbach (♀, 3218992); Formosa: Clorinda (25°16'.12" S 57°45'0" W), 1–30.xi.1947, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.833298&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.5333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.833298/lat -22.5333)">Morel</a> (3 ♂, 3218994–6), 1–30.xi.1949, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.833298&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.5333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.833298/lat -22.5333)">Golbach</a> (♂, 3218997). Salta: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.833298&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.5333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.833298/lat -22.5333)">Aguaray</a> (22°13'59.88"S 63°45'0"W), 14–19.ii.1950, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.833298&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.5333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.833298/lat -22.5333)">Golbach</a> (8 ♂, BMNH, 3218998–05); Embarcación (23°15'0"S 64°4'59.88"W), 2–6.ii.1950, Golbach (♀, 3218993); Tartagal (22°31'59.88"S 63°49'59.88"W), 14.ii.–19.ii.1950, Golbach (♂, 3219006) ; BAHAMAS. Abaco I.: Green Turtle Cay Distr., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-77.95&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.4333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -77.95/lat 24.4333)">New Plymouth</a> (26°49'59.88"N 77°22'59.88"W), 7.v.1953, Hayden &amp; Rabb (♀, 3216581). Andros I.: (24°25'59.88"N 77°57'0"W), 14.vi.1912, Bartsch (♀, 3216606) ; BOLIVIA. La Paz: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.8833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.483299" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.8833/lat -15.483299)">Guanay</a>, 38 km S, roadside stream (15°28'59.88"S 67°52'59.88"W), 12.iv.2001, Marshall (♂ DEBU, 3217291) ; BRAZIL. Goias: Gurupi, 800 km N Brasilia (15°46'59.88"S 47°57'0"W), 14.ix.1963 (♀ BMNH, 3216597). Santa Catarina: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-52.383335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.183332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -52.383335/lat -27.183332)">Nova Teutonia</a>, 300–500 m (27°11'S, 52°23'W), 15.xi.1936, Plaumann (♀ BMNH, 3216596), 20.viii.1937 (♂ BMNH, 3216589), 4.iv.1938 (♀ BMNH, 3216593), 7.vi.1938 (♀ BMNH, 3216594), 4.ii.1950 (♂ CNC, 3216943), 26.iii.1950 (♀ BMNH, 3216595), 1–31.iii.1950 (♀ CNC, 3216946), 1–31.viii.1965 (♀ CNC, 3216947) ; COSTA RICA. Cartago: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-83.6833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.9" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -83.6833/lat 9.9)">Turrialba</a> (9°54'0"N 83°40'59.88"W), 15–19.vii.1965, Spangler (♀, 3216598) ; DOMINICA. Path to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-61.333298&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -61.333298/lat 15.5)">Cabrits</a> (15°30'0"N 61°19'59.88"W), 2.iv.1966, Gagne (♂, 3216605) ; GUYANA. Cuyuni-Mazaruni: Mazaruni, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-58.65&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.4" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -58.65/lat 6.4)">Clearing</a> (6°24'N, 58°39'W), 15.ix.1937, Richards &amp; Smart (♀ BMNH, 3216592) ; MEXICO. Morelos: Cuernavaca (18°57'0"N 99°15'0"W), 1–31.vii.1965, Krauss (2♀, 3216608–9). Veracruz: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-99.25&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=95.166664" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -99.25/lat 95.166664)">Catemaco</a> (18°28'.12" N 95°10'.12"W), 9.i.1980, Waller (♀, 3216580) ; PANAMA. Panama: Barro Colorado I. (9°9'0"N 79°51'0"W), 18.v.1926, Greene (♀, 3216610); PARAGUAY. Asuncion: Asuncion (25°16'.12" S 57°40'.12"W), 1–31.vii.1961, Krauss (♂, 3216602). Guaira: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-56.4333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.75" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -56.4333/lat -25.75)">Villarrica</a> (25°45'0"S 56°25'59.88"W), 1–31.vii.1937, Schade (♂, 3216601) ; PERU. Huanuco: Tingo Maria, 800 m (9°18'0"S 75°58'59.88"W), 5–9.iv.1963, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-66.1333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=61.0333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -66.1333/lat 61.0333)">Pena</a> (2 ♂ CNC, 3216944–5). Ucayali: Previsto, 600 m (9°4'59.88"S 75°43'.12"W), 7.vi.1964, Schunke (♂ BMNH, 3216582); PUERTO RICO. San Juan (18°28'59.88"N 66°7'59.88"W), 22.xii.1932, Mills (2 ♂, 3216603–4); TRINIDAD &amp; TOBAGO. Trinidad: Saint Andrew Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-66.1333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=61.0333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -66.1333/lat 61.0333)">North Manzanilla</a>, El Braneh Swamp (10°31'.12" N 61°1'59.88" W), 20.iii.1957, Aitken (2 ♂, 3216599–00) ; UNITED STATES. Alabama: Baldwin Co., Bon Secour National Wildlife Refuge (30°18'0"N 87°43'.12"W), 5–7.v.1994, Marshall (♂ DEBU, 3217290). Florida: Jackson Co., Florida Caverns St. Park (30°48'0"N 85°13'.12"W), 26.v.1973, Wirth (♀, 3216607) .</p><p>Milichiella argenteocincta var.: PERU. Huanuco: Tingo Maria, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.9833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.3" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.9833/lat -9.3)">Monson Cave</a> (9°18'0"S 75°58'59.88"W), 15.xii.1954, Schlinger &amp; Ross (25 ♂ 25♀ USNM, BMNH, 3216398–47) .</p><p>Specimens near Milichiella argenteocincta (all USNM): BAHAMAS. Andros I.: (24°25'59.88"N 77°57'0"W), 14.vi.1912, Bartsch (♂, 3216569); BARBADOS. (13°10'.12" N 59°31'59.88" W), 1916, Ballou (3♀, 3216577–9); BRAZIL. Para: Belem (1°27'0"S 48°28'59.88"W), 1–31.vii.1954, Krauss (8 ♂, 3216561–8); ECUADOR. Guayas: Cuatro Hermanitos Experimental Farm, 4 km WNW Guayaquil (2°13'.12" S 79°54'0" W), 28.ii.1955, Levi-Castillo (♀, 3216574); Hoy Alfuro [?] (2°12'S, 79°50'W), Levi- Castillo (♀, 3216575); PANAMA. Colon: Fort Gulick (9°19'.12" N 79°52'.12"W), 25.vii.1952, Blanton (♀, 3216573). Darien: Garachine (8°4'.12" N 78°22'.12"W), 16.ii.1953, Blanton (4 ♂, 3216557–60), 20.ii.1953 (♂ USNM, 3216554); Jaque [= Jacque?] (7°31'.12" N 78°7'59.88" W), 12.viii.1952, Blanton (2 ♂ 1♀, 3216555–6, 3216572), 28.vii.1952 (2♀, 3216570–1). Panama: Barro Colorado I. (9°9'0"N 79°51'0"W), 18.v.1926, Greene (♀, 3216498); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-79.85&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.15" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -79.85/lat 9.15)">West Indies. Ex</a> plane from Maiquetia, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-79.85&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.15" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -79.85/lat 9.15)">Port of Spain</a>, Curacao, and Cindad Trujillo, 14.viii.1957 (♀, 3216576), ex plane San Juan, P.R .</p><p>Remarks. The holotype of Milichiella argenteocincta is male and not female as stated in the original description. Specimens from Peru differ in the lighter legs, dark palpi, the shape of sternites (Pl. 15F) and a silvery microtomentose anterior margin of T3+ 4 in most specimens. Milichiella argenteocincta has been collected at light, in Malaise traps, on shells, on Murraya exotica Millsp. (Rutaceae) leaves, in dirt near Atta cephalotes nests, and from excrement in a toucan's nest.</p><p>I here synonymize M. flavipalpis with M. argenteocincta based on the original descriptions and the range of specimens I have studied.</p><p>Distribution: Mexico (Morelos) north to Alabama and Florida, south to Bolivia and southern Brazil, east to Brazil (Gojas).</p><p>Milichiella lacteipennis (Loew, 1866)</p><p>Lobioptera lacteipennis Loew, 1866: 185 . CUBA. LT ♂ MCZ [pres. des.]. Anonymous 2009 [type information, photos].</p><p>Ophthalmomyia lacteipennis . Williston 1896: 427.</p><p>Opthalmomyia lacteipennis . Hunter 1914: 27 [type information].</p><p>Opthalmomyia lobioptera. Error. Hunter 1914: 27.</p><p>Milichiella lacteipennis . Brake 2000: 12 [figs of head, male genitalia and spermathecal duct coil, but not fig. 16B, which is erroneously labeled!]. For complete citations see http://milichiidae.info/en/node/6806.</p><p>Millichiella lacteipennis . Becker 1908b: 203.</p><p>Milichiela lacteipennis . Illingworth 1928: 45.</p><p>Milichiella sp. prob. lacteipennis . Aldrich 1995: 349 [attracted to Podisius maculiventris pheromone].</p><p>Gymnopa nitida Walker, 1836: 359 . BRAZIL. St. Catherine. LT ♀ BMNH [pres. des.]. Comb. Sabrosky 1973: 5. Syn. nov. (see remarks below).</p><p>Milichiella nitida . Sabrosky 1973: 5.</p><p>Milichiella nigrella Cole, 1912: 162 . UNITED STATES. California: Laguna Beach. LT ♂ USNM [des. Cole 1925]. Cole 1925: 58 [correction of diagnosis, lectotype designation acc. to ICZN Art. 74.5], 1969: 390 [not synonymous with M. lacteipennis acc. to Aldrich]. Syn. Sabrosky 1965: 733.</p><p>Milichia albohalterata Séguy, 1933: 50 . Nomen nudum [attributed to Becker, Mozambique]. Hennig 1937: 27 [discussion of name, nomen nudum].</p><p>Milichiella lactipennis . Misspelling. Cole &amp; Lovett 1921: 342.</p><p>Pholeomyia lactipennis . Misspelling. Gowdey 1926: 89.</p><p>Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of posterior eye margin with notch, shiny black mesonotum, yellow halter and male abdomen with T2–4 slightly brown microtomentose except for shiny black posterolateral edges.</p><p>Description. Body length: 2.5–3 mm; wing length: 2.5 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and upper orbital plates shiny black, lunule reddish or black, basoflagellomere either completely black or basomedially reddish, face grey microtomentose, palpus black or reddish; thorax with mesonotum shiny black, scutellum brown microtomentose, pleuron with anepisternum and middle of katepisternum shiny, otherwise slightly brown microtomentose, wing hyaline, veins yellow, brown spot at apex of vein R1 absent, calypter white, halter yellow, legs black, fore and hind tarsus with yellow brush; abdomen with T2–4 slightly brown microtomentose except for shiny black posterolateral edges, T5 shiny except for anterior margin. Female coloration and vestiture: halter yellow, abdomen with T2–4 medially brown microtomentose, laterally shiny, T5 shiny.</p><p>Head: frons with 2+1 orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 2.5x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 3.3x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with wide notch (5–6om) and narrow emargination (1–2om).</p><p>Thorax: 2 dc, 1 prsc, 1 pprn, 1(+0.4) prs, 2 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc absent. Wing with veins R 4+5 and M strongly convergent (6.5); M-ratio is 1.5. Fore femur normal setulose, tibial organ absent.</p><p>Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T1 into T2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T2 anterolateral corner with more than 3 lines of setae, T2–5 setulose except for anterior half, T5 lateral margins with long setae. S5 1.6 x as long as wide, 2.0x as long and 1.5x as wide as S4, roughly rectangular, posterior margin indented, setulose (see Pl. 15E). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus shorter than longest epandrial seta; pregonite with tuft of strong setulae; epandrium with striate anteroventral extension and 0 setae on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.3x as long as epandrium high, dilated posteroapically (1.2x), slightly bent anteriorly, straight in posterior view, 1.3x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface striate, medial surface without setulae (see Pl. 15A).</p><p>Puparium: empty puparium orange brown, dull. Anterior (thoracic) part dorsoventrally compressed with shallow but distinct lateral depressions on both dorsal and ventral side. Anterior spiracles with 6 spiracular lobes (papillae).</p><p>Milichiella nigrella lectotype, ♂: UNITED STATES. California: Orange Co., Laguna Beach (33°31'59.88"N 117°46'.12"W), Cole (USNM, 3218318), labeled as holotype, but lectotype acc. to ICZN Art. 74.5., in good condition.</p><p>Milichiella nitida lectotype, ♀: BRAZIL. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-43.6&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.833302" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -43.6/lat -16.833302)">St. Catherine</a> (16°49'59.88"S 43°36'0"W), King (BMNH, 3217265), in rather poor condition, with some legs and setae missing and with some dust. There is one female ST of M. nitida in BMNH. Walker did not state the number or sex of the type specimens of M. nitida . The female specimen is here designated as the lectotype.</p><p>Distribution. America, from southern Canada south to Chile and Argentinia; southern Europe to Japan, south to Africa and Australia; Pacific islands.</p><p>Remarks. There are one male and two female syntypes of Milichiella lacteipennis in MCZ. I here designated the male which has been photographed ("Type 13451", Anonymous 2009) as lectotype.</p><p>Gymnopa nitida Walker, 1836 is the senior synonym of M. lacteipennis . However, the name Gymnopa nitida has not been used in original literature after 1899 (only in catalogues), whereas the name Milichiella lacteipennis has been in frequent use (for complete list of citations see http://milichiidae.info/en/node/6806). M. lacteipennis is therefore designated as the valid name following ICZN Art. 23.9.</p><p>Specimens studied by me (but not databased) were collected on goat, dairy cattle and pig dung, manure piles, grass clippings, garden compost, flowers of Donnellsmithia hintonii M&amp;G., Asclepias, Baccharis glutinosa, Ochradenus baccatus, Tamarix, and leaves of pawpaw, and in Malaise, light, flight, pan, pit fall, carrion, and dung traps. Habitats are arid zones, beach forest, forest edges, mountain meadows and ponderosa pine/ meadow. Flies were bred from decaying banana skins and ground-nut plots. Milichiella lacteipennis was observed swarming beside cactus and was attracted by raw or linseed oil or paint.</p><p>Milichiella lacteipennis is kleptoparasitic on spiders with pentatomid bugs as prey (Krauss 1963, Lopez 1984, Landau &amp; Gaylor 1987).</p><p>Milichiella lucidula Becker, 1907 (Pl. 15D, H)</p><p>Milichiella lucidula Becker, 1907: 537 . PERU. Callanga; BOLIVIA. Sorata, 2300 m. ST 16 ♂ HNHM, SMTD, ZMHU. Malloch 1913b: 132 [Illinois], 1934: 464 [Argentina]; Brimley 1942: 29 [North Carolina], 1967: 101 [checklist, North Carolina]; Sabrosky 1973: 5 [Neotropical catalogue]; Brake 2000: 106 [world catalogue].</p><p>Milichiella bisignata Melander, 1913: 239 . UNITED STATES. New Jersey: Riverton. LT ♂ MCZ [pres. des.]. Sabrosky 1965: 733 [Nearctic catalogue], 1973: 4 [possible synonym of M. lucidula, Neotropical catalogue]; Arnaud 1966: 149 [list of Melander names]; Cole 1969: 390 [New Mexico]; Poole 1996: 179 [Nearctic checklist]; Brake 2000: 105 [world catalogue]; Anonymous 2009 [type information, photos]. Syn. nov.</p><p>Milichiella bisignata Johnson 1910: 813 [name attributed to Coquillett]. Nomen nudum. Melander, 1913: 240 [nomen nudum].</p><p>Milichiella bisbignota . Misspelling. Brimley 1967: 101 [checklist, North Carolina].</p><p>Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of shiny mesonotum and silvery posterolateral corners of T2.</p><p>Description. Body length: 2.8–3.3 mm; wing length: 2.8–3.1 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates shiny black, lunule sometimes red, basoflagellomere basomedially sometimes red, face grey microtomentose, palpus black, sometimes brown; thorax with mesonotum shiny black except for anterior and posterior margin, scutellum and pleuron slightly brown microtomentose except for shiny spot on an- and katepisternum, wing hyaline, veins yellow or light brown, brown spot at apex of vein R1 very weak, calypter white, halter yellow, legs black; abdomen with T1–4 slightly brown microtomentose except for shiny black posterolateral corner of T2–4, of which posterolateral corner of T2 is narrow silvery grey, and posteromedial narrow silverish margins; T5 shiny except for narrow microtomentose anterior margin. Female coloration and vestiture: halter yellow, abdomen with T1–4 and anterior margin of T5 brown microtomentose on dorsal side, rest of T5 shiny.</p><p>Head: frons with 2+0.9 orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta slightly medioreclinate. In males frons 1.8–2.2x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 3.0x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with notch (5om) and emargination (2om).</p><p>Thorax: 2 dc, 1 prsc, 1 pprn, 1+0.6+0.5 prs, 2 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc absent. Wing with veins R 4+5 and M convergent (3.3–4.7); M-ratio is 1.8–2.0. Fore femur densely setulose, tibial organ absent.</p><p>Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T1 into T2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T2 anterolateral corner with more than 3 lines of setae, T2–5 setulose. S5 1.2 x as long as wide, 1.5x as long and 1.3x as wide as S4, roughly rectangular, posterior margin indented, strongly setulose with short setae (Pl. 15H). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus as long as epandrial setae; epandrium with striate anteroventral extension and 0 setae on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.4x as long as epandrium high, slightly dilated posteroapically (1.6x), anterior margin more or less straight, 2.4x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface striate, medial surface without setulae (Pl. 15D).</p><p>Special characters: palpus ventrally strongly setulose.</p><p>Milichiella lucidula syntypes: BOLIVIA. La Paz: Sorata, 2300 m (15°46'59.88"S 68°37'59.88"W), 23.xii.1902, Schnuse (10 ♂ SMTD, ZMHU, 3216473–9, 3216482–4), 1–31.xii.1902 (♂ SMTD, 3216480); PERU. Callanga (5 ♂ HNHM, 3218394–8). Becker's ST series consists of male specimen(s) from Peru, Callanga, at HNHM and male specimen(s) from Bolivia, Sorata from the Schnuse collection. At the ZMHU , there are 3 ST, of which two bear Becker's determination labels. At the HNHM , there are 5 ST of which one bears Becker's identification label. At the SMTD there are 2 ST that bear Becker's determination labels and a further 6 ST bearing just the locality and collection labels. Additional Schnuse specimens from Peru and Bolivia (5 males) are in DEI . The DEI specimens are not treated as syntypes because all the Schnuse specimens in DEI appear not to have been identified by Becker, but other people.</p><p>Milichiella bisignata paralectotype: UNITED STATES. New Jersey: Burlington Co., Riverton (40°0'0"N 75°0'0"W), 4.vii.19??, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.0/lat 40.0)">Johnson</a> (♂ USNM, 3216499). Milichiella bisignata was described from two male specimens, one in USNM and one in MCZ. I here designate the MCZ specimen which has been photographed ("Type 7888", Anonymous 2009) as lectotype.</p><p>Additional material examined (USNM unless otherwise indicated): ARGENTINA. Buenos Aires: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-62.25&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-38.75" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -62.25/lat -38.75)">Bahia Blanca</a> (38°45'0"S 62°15'0"W), 10.xi.1946, Wilhule [?] (♂, 3216495), 23.x.1926, Edwards &amp; Edwards (♂ BMNH, 3216486) . Catamarca: El Arenal, W. cord. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-66.3333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.1" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -66.3333/lat -27.1)">Aconquija</a>, 2600 m (27°6'0"S 66°19'59.88"W), 3–4.x.1968, Pena (♂ CNC, 3216960) . Formosa: Clorinda (25°16'.12" S 57°45'0" W), 1–30.xi.1947, Morel (♂, 3216489). Tucumán: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.6333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.1833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.6333/lat -10.1833)">Aconquija</a> (26°48'0"S 65°21'0"W), 6–10.xii.1950, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.6333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.1833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.6333/lat -10.1833)">Golbach</a> (♂, 3216497); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.6333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.1833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.6333/lat -10.1833)">Cacavera</a> (27°0'0"S 65°30'0"W), 23–28.xi.1951, Aczel &amp; Golbach (2 ♂, 3216493–4); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.6333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.1833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.6333/lat -10.1833)">Quebrada La Toma</a> (27°0'0"S 65°30'0"W), 21.xii.1950, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.6333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.1833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.6333/lat -10.1833)">Golbach</a> (♂, 3216496); BOLIVIA. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.6333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.1833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.6333/lat -10.1833)">La Paz</a>: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.6333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.1833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.6333/lat -10.1833)">Sorata</a>, 2300 m (15°46'59.88"S 68°37'59.88"W), 22.xii.1902, Schnuse (♂ DEI, 3218274), 1–31.xii.1902 (2 ♂ DEI, 3218275–6). Pando: near mouth of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.6333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.1833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.6333/lat -10.1833)">Rio Mapiri</a> (10°10'59.88"S 66°34'.12"W), 1–30.ix.1921, Mann (2 ♂, 3216491–2) . Santa Cruz: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.55&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.1333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.55/lat -20.1333)">Campo Guairuy</a>, 24 km S Camiri, 870 m (20°7'59.88"S 63°33'0"W), 18.viii.–2.ix.2000, Irwin &amp; Hauser (2 ♂ 1♀ DEBU, 3217287–9); BRAZIL . Santa Catarina: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-52.383335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.183332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -52.383335/lat -27.183332)">Nova Teutonia</a>, 300–500 m (27°11'S, 52°23'W), 9.vii.1937, Plaumann (♂ BMNH, 3216485); CHILE . Region del Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins: Cocalan (34°13'.12" S 71°19'.12"W), 10–14.iii.1954 (♂ CNC, 3217677); COLOMBIA. Ujhelyi, Sierra S. Lorenzo, 1–31.iii.1912 (8 ♂ HNHM, 3218482–5, 3218509–12); COSTA RICA . Cartago: La Suiza (9°51'0"N 83°37'.12"W), Schild (3 ♂, 3216487–8, 3216506) . Heredia: Santo Domingo, near INBio <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.084724&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.967777" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.084724/lat 9.967777)">Park</a> (9°58'4"N, 84°5'5"W), 20.viii.2001, Barber (4♀ DEBU, 3217678–81); ECUADOR . Azuay: 10 km W Santa Isabel, 1500 m (3°22'.12" S 79°22'.12"W), 10–13.iii.1965, Pena (3 ♂ CNC, 3216956–8) . Imbabura: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.0833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.3833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.0833/lat 0.3833)">Yaguarcocha</a>, 3 km N Ibarra, 1950 m (0°22'59.88"N 78°4'59.88"W), 8–9.vi.1965, Pena (♂ CNC, 3216959) . Pichincha: Valley near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.2333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.5/lat -0.2333)">Hosteria San Jorge</a>, 10 km NW Quito, 3000 m (0°13'59.88"S 78°30'0"W), 23.x.1999, Marshall (♂ DEBU, 3217286); LESOTHO . Maseru, Roma Mission, Upper Cave, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=28.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 28.0/lat -29.5)">Sandstone</a> level, 1829 m (29°30'0"S 28°0'0"E), 4–13.i.1963, Stuckenberg &amp; Stuckenberg (5 ♂ 1♀ NMP, 3218727–31, 3218739) ; Quthing, Orange River near Quthing (30°24'0"S 27°43'0"E), 1–31.i.1963, Stuckenberg &amp; Stuckenberg (♂ NMP, 3218736); MEXICO . Chiapas: San Cristobal de las Casas, 2157 m (16°45'0"N 92°40'.12"W), 3–7.vi.1969, Peterson (♂ CNC, 3216962), 27.vi.1969 (♂ CNC, 3216961), 14.v.1969, Mason (♂ CNC, 3216964), 17.vi.1969 (♂ CNC, 3216963) . Hidalgo: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-99.2&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.966667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -99.2/lat 20.966667)">Agua Grande Fria</a> (20°58'0"N 99°12'0"W), 1–30.ix.1950, Wiegand (5 ♂ USNM, 3216500–4) . Morelos: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-99.25&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.95" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -99.25/lat 18.95)">Cuernavaca</a> (18°57'0"N 99°15'0"W), 1–31.v.1945, Krauss (♂, 3216553), 1–30.vi.1945 (2 ♂, 3216551–2), 1.iii.–31.v.1965 (♂, 3216514) . Sonora: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-110.9&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.983301" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -110.9/lat 27.983301)">16.1 km SE Guaymas</a> (27°58'59.88"N 110°54'0"W), 13.viii.1959, Painter &amp; E.M. (♂, 3216505); PERU . Cusco: Urubamba river, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.74809&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.6964" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.74809/lat -10.6964)">Umahuankilia</a> (10°41'47.04"S 73°44'53.16"W), 18.ix.1903, Schnuse (♂ DEI, 3218278) . Lima: Lima (12°3'0"S 77°3'0"W), 1–31.iii.1928, Shannon &amp; Sainz (♂, 3216490); Pasco: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-74.9833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.983299" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -74.9833/lat -9.983299)">Pichis-Weg</a> (9°58'59.88"S 74°58'59.88"W), 1–31.i.1904, Schnuse (♂ DEI, 3218277); SOUTH AFRICA . Cape: 3 km NW Grahamstown, Strowan Farm (33°18'0"S 26°31'59.88"E), 1–2.i.1986, Londt (4 ♂ 1♀ NMP, 3218732–5, 3218738); Jeffreys Bay, Humansdorp area, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=26.5333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.85" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 26.5333/lat -28.85)">Coastal Dunes</a> (34°1'59.88"S 24°46'.12"E), 3.xii.1967, Stuckenberg &amp; Stuckenberg (♂ NMP, 3218737). KwaZulu-Natal: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=26.5333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.85" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 26.5333/lat -28.85)">Weenen</a> (28°51'0"S 30°4'.12"E), 1–30.iv.1924, Thomasset (♂ BMNH, 3216550); UNITED STATES . Delaware: Sussex Co., Gumboro (38°28'.12" N 75°21'0" W), 2.viii.1952, Sabrosky (8 ♂ 3♀, 3216515–22, 3216532–4). District of Columbia: Washington (38°52'59.88"N 77°1'59.88"W), May, Coquillett (♀, 3216548). Florida: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-77.0333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.8" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -77.0333/lat 30.8)">Jackson Co.</a>, Florida <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-77.0333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.8" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -77.0333/lat 30.8)">Caverns St.</a> Park (30°48'0"N 85°13'.12"W), 26.v.1973, Wirth (♀, 3216542) . Illinois: Champaign Co., Urbana (40°6'0"N 88°12'0"W), 11.vi.1915 (1 ♂ 2♀ USNM, MCSNM, 3216529, 3216549, 3218205), 17.vi.1915, Aldrich [?] (2 ♂, 3216530–1); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-88.2&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=89.86667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -88.2/lat 89.86667)">Macoupin Co.</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-88.2&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=89.86667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -88.2/lat 89.86667)">Carlinville</a> (39°16'.12" N 89°52'.12"W), Robertson (2 ♂, 3216510–1) . Indiana: Tippecanoe Co., Lafayette (40°25'.12" N 86°52'.12"W), 3.vii.19??, Aldrich (♂, 3216512) . Kansas: Riley Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-96.6&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.2" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -96.6/lat 39.2)">Manhattan</a> (39°12'0"N 96°36'0"W), 24.iv.1934, Sabrosky (♂, 3216523), 7.vii.1934 (1 ♂ 5♀, 3216524, 3216535–9), 12.vii.1934 (♀, 3216540) . Maryland: Prince Georges Co., College Park (38°58'.12" N 76°55'59.88" W), 29.vi.1913, Knap (♂, 3216513). Missouri: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-92.3333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=107.2333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -92.3333/lat 107.2333)">Boone Co.</a>, Columbia (38°57'0"N 92°19'59.88"W), 1–15.xi.1968, Parker (♀, 3216541). New Mexico: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-92.3333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=107.2333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -92.3333/lat 107.2333)">Socorro Co.</a>, Magdalena (34°7'.12" N 107°13'59.88" W), 26.vi.1951 Wheeler [?] (2 ♂, 3216507–8) . Pennsylvania: York Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.6833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.9333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.6833/lat 39.9333)">Avondale</a> (39°55'59.88"N 76°40'59.88"W), 26.vii.1939, Davis (♀, 3216543), 1–30.ix.1939 (4 ♂ 4♀, 3216525–8, 3216544–7) . South Carolina: Oconee Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.95&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.6833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.95/lat 34.6833)">Seneca</a> (34°40'59.88"N 82°57'0"W), 20.viii.1957, Richards (♂ CNC, 3218255) . Texas: Brewster Co., Big Bend N.P., Green Gulch, 1372 m (29°16'.12" N 103°16'.12"W), 1.v.1959, McAlpine (♂ CNC, 3216955), 7.v.1959 (7 ♂ CNC, 3216948–54) . Virginia: Augusta Co., Mt. Solon (38°19'59.88"N 79°4'59.88"W), 1.vii.1951, Murray (♂, 3216509) .</p><p>Material of questionable identity: ARGENTINA. Tucumán: Arroyo, 14 km S El Tala, 700 m (26°7'.12" S 65°16'59.88" E), 13–14.x.1968, Pena (♀ CNC, 3218244) .</p><p>Distribution. New Mexico and Kansas east to New Jersey, south to Florida and Mexico; Central America and western and middle South America, south to middle Argentina.</p><p>Remarks. Milichiella bisignata is a junior synonym of M. lucidula . I have compared the male terminalia of a syntype of M. lucidula with those of the paralectotype of M. bisignata .</p><p>Milichiella lucidula has been collected in Malaise and light traps, pans in grass piles, Acacia grassland, sweeps on roadside grasses and on mushroom compost.</p><p>Milichiella rugosistyla Brake, sp. n. (Pl. 28B, F)</p><p>Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of shiny frons, subshiny mesonotum, yellow halter, and silvery male T2–5.</p><p>Description. Body length:? mm; wing length: 3.2 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons shiny black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates shiny black, lunule brown, basoflagellomere dorsobasally brown, rest orange, face brown microtomentose, lateral margins yellowish silvery, palpus yellow brown; thorax with mesonotum subshiny black, more shiny on posterior half, scutellum shiny, pleuron brown microtomentose except for shiny spot on an- and katepisternum, wing hyaline to whitish, veins hyaline to light brown, brown spot at apex of vein R1 present, calypter white, halter yellow, legs black; abdomen with T2–5 silvery microtomentose. Female coloration and vestiture: lunule, basoflagellomere and palpus more yellow than in male, halter yellow, basitarsi yellowish, abdomen with T2–4 slightly brown microtomentose dorsally, shiny laterally, T5 subshiny.</p><p>Head: frons with? (female: 2) orbital and? frontal setae, anterior frontal seta?. In males frons 1.9x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 4.3x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with wide notch (8om) and narrow emargination (2om).</p><p>Thorax: 2 dc, 1 prsc,? pprn, 1 prs,? keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc absent. Wing with veins R 4+5 and M strongly convergent (6.0); M-ratio is 1.8. Fore femur normal setulose, tibial organ absent.</p><p>Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T1 into T2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T2 anterolateral corner with 2–3 lines of setae, T2–5 posterior margin with 1–2 rows of setulae. S5 1.1 x as long as wide, 1.8x as long and 1.7x as wide as S4, posterior margin indented, strongly setulose with short setae (Pl. 28F). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus as long as longest epandrial seta and 0 setae on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.5x as long as epandrium high, dilated apically (1.4x), straight, 2.8x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface slightly wrinkled, medial surface without setulae, longer sensilla along margin (Pl. 28B).</p><p>Special characters: M bending to R 4+5 quite sharply near wing margin.</p><p>Holotype, ♂: PARAGUAY. Cordillera: San Bernardino (25°16'.12" S 57°19'.12"W), Fiebrig (DEI, 3218284), in suboptimal condition, head setae missing, abdomen dissected.</p><p>Paratypes, same data as HT (♀ DEI, 3218285). BRAZIL: Ceará: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-37.766666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.5666666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -37.766666/lat -4.5666666)">Aracaty</a> (4°34'0"S 37°46'0"W), 1.ix.1939, Alves (USNM, 3219246–7) .</p><p>Distribution: Brazil, Paraguay.</p><p>Etymology. The species name, rugosistyla, is derived from rugosus = wrinkled and refers to the slightly wrinkled outer surface of the surstylus.</p><p>Remarks. Milichiella rugosistyla was collected in bat caves.</p><p>Milichiella striata Brake, sp. n.</p><p>Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of shiny black mesonotum and brown microtomentose male T1–5 except for shiny lateral margin of T2 and posterior part of T5, as well as silvery broad lateral margin of T3–4, anterior margin of T4, and anterior third of T5.</p><p>Description. Body length:? mm; wing length:? mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates shiny black, lunule reddish, basoflagellomere basomedially red, face grey microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum shiny black, scutellum brown microtomentose, pleuron with anepisternum and large spot in middle of katepisternum shiny, otherwise brown microtomentose, wing white, veins yellow, brown spot at apex of vein R1 absent, calypter white with yellow margin, halter yellow, legs black, hind tarsus with light brush; abdomen with T1–5 brown microtomentose except for shiny lateral margin of T2, silvery broad lateral margin of T3–4, anterior margin of T4; anterior third of T5 silvery, posterior part shiny.</p><p>Head: frons with 2+0.7 orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta?slightly medioreclinate. In males frons 1.9x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 2.9x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with notch (5om) and narrow emargination (1om).</p><p>Thorax: 2 dc, 1 prsc, 1 pprn, 1 prs, 2 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc absent. Wing with veins R 4+5 and M strongly convergent (7); M-ratio is 1.9. Fore femur normal setulose, tibial organ absent.</p><p>Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T1 into T2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T2 scarcely setulose, anterolateral corner with more than 3 lines of setae, T3–4 posterior margin with one row of setulae, T5 shiny parts setulose. S5 1.9 x as long as wide, 1.6x as long and 1.2x as wide as S4, posterior margin indented, strongly setulose with short setulae (see Pl. 15E). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus as long as longest epandrial setae; dorsal length of epandrium less than in lucidula; epandrium with striate anteroventral extension and 0 setae on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.3x as long as epandrium high, dilated posteroapically (1.3x) with anterior margin straight and slight angle at anteroapical margin, 1.8x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface striate, medial surface without setulae, some sensilla at margin and a few in middle (see Pl. 15C).</p><p>Holotype, ♂: UNITED STATES. Kansas: Reno Co., Hutchinson (38°3'0"N 97°55'.12"W), 30.vi.1934, Sabrosky (USNM, 3216611), in good condition.</p><p>Paratypes, same data as HT (2 ♂ USNM, 3216612–3); UNITED STATES. New Mexico: Roosevelt Co., Blackwater Draw nr. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-103.3333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.1833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -103.3333/lat 34.1833)">Portales</a>, 1219 m (34°10'59.88"N 103°19'59.88"W), 24–30.v.1991, O'Hara &amp; Jorgensen (♂ CNC, 3217126). Distribution. Kansas, New Mexico. Etymology. The species name, striata, is an adjective derived from the Latin striare = provided with wrinkles and refers to the striate structure of the male surstylus. Remarks. Milichiella striata was collected in Malaise traps .</p><p>Milichiella villarricae Brake, sp. n. (Pl. 15I)</p><p>Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of shiny black ocellar triangle, 2 dc, and T2–5 silvery microtomentose except for posterior half of T5 which is brown microtomentose anteriorly and shiny at tip.</p><p>Description. Body length: 2.8–3.0 mm; wing length:? mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and upper orbital plates shiny black, lunule brown, basoflagellomere basomedially yellow, face grey microtomentose, palpus yellow; thorax with mesonotum brown microtomentose, scutellum same, pleuron silvery grey on dorsal half, wing brownish, veins brown, brown spot at apex of vein R1 weak or absent, calypter white, margin yellow, halter yellow, legs black except for apically yellow fore coxa, yellow tip of fore and mid tibia, and all basitarsi; abdomen with T2–5 silvery microtomentose except for posterior half of T5 which is brown microtomentose anteriorly and shiny at tip.</p><p>Head: frons with 2+0.3 orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 2x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 4.9x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista short, less long than base or arista wide, posterior eye margin with notch (5–6om) and narrow emargination (1om).</p><p>Thorax: 2 dc, 1 prsc, 1 pprn, 1 prs, 2 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc absent. Wing with veins R 4+5 and M convergent (2); M-ratio is 2.1. Fore femur normal setulose, tibial organ absent.</p><p>Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T1 into T2 very weak. Tergal chaetotaxy: T2 anterolateral corner with 2–3 lines of setae, T2+5 posterior half setulose, T3–4 posterior margin with 1–2 rows of setulae. S5 1.4 x as long as wide, 1.5x as long and 1.7x as wide as S4, posterior margin indented, strongly setulose with short setulae (see Pl. 15F). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus slightly shorter than longest epandrial seta; epandrium with striate anteroventral extension and 0 setae on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.2x as long as epandrium high, not dilated, 0.9x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface striate, medial surface without setulae (Pl. 15I).</p><p>Holotype, ♂: PARAGUAY. Guaira: Villarrica (25°45'0"S 56°25'59.88"W), 1–31.vii.1937, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-56.4333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.75" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -56.4333/lat -25.75)">Schade</a> (USNM, 3216701), in good condition, abdomen dissected.</p><p>Paratype, same data as HT (♂ USNM, 3216702), on same pin with a Pholeomyia specimen .</p><p>Distribution. Paraguay.</p><p>Etymology. The species name, villarricae, is a genitive noun derived from the type locality.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AB0903FFEDFF82FF5A6316BB8AF941	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Brake, Irina	Brake, Irina (2009): Revision of Milichiella Giglio-Tos (Diptera, Milichiidae) 2188. Zootaxa 2188 (1): 1-166, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2188.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2188.1.1
03AB0903FFE3FFBCFF5A6071BC02FE31.text	03AB0903FFE3FFBCFF5A6071BC02FE31.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Schinus mollis Brake 2009	<div><p>mollis -group</p><p>Species in the mollis -group are characterized by the combination of posterior orbital seta absent, ocellar triangle and orbital plates brown microtomentose, mesonotum brown microtomentose and usually with few acrostical setulae, 3+1 dc, 1 pprn, more than 1 prs, calypter margin brown, S5 between sickle moon and roundish shape, posterior margin not round but more straight with slight angle, with long setae, surstylus as long or longer than epandrium high, narrow, tip with preapical posterior edentations.</p><p>Distribution: Australia.</p><p>Milichiella badia Brake, sp. n. (Pl. 16A, D)</p><p>Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of brown wing, brown microtomentose male T2, and red brown microtomentose T3–5 except for brown tip and lateral sides of T5.</p><p>Description. Body length: 3.0 mm; wing length: 3.0 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons brown, ocellar triangle and orbital plates brown microtomentose, lunule brown, basoflagellomere black, face grey microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum dark brown microtomentose, scutellum same, pleuron lighter, more greyish microtomentose in some lights, wing brown, more strongly on anterior half, veins brown, brown spot at apex of vein R1 weak, calypter brown with dark margin, halter black, legs black; abdomen with T2 brown microtomentose, T3–5 red brown microtomentose except for brown tip and lateral sides of T5.</p><p>Pl. 16: A–C. Male genitalia, lateral view. A. Milichiella badia, HT; B. M. booloombae, HT; C. M. mollis . D–F. Male sternite 4–5. D. M. badia, HT; E. M. booloombae, HT; F. M. mollis . Scale bar: 0.1.</p><p>Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2(+0.8) frontal setae, middle frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 1.9x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 4.4x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin without notch but emargination (3om).</p><p>Thorax: 3+1 dc, 3+1 prsc, 1 pprn, 1+0.7+row prs, 2+0.8 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc absent. Wing with veins R 4+5 and M convergent (2.7); Mratio is 1.9. Fore femur slightly more densely setulose, tibial organ absent.</p><p>Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T1 into T2 weak. Tergal chaetotaxy: T2 anterolateral corner with more than 3 lines of setae, T2–5 setulose. S5 1.2 x as long as wide, less than 2.4x as long and 3.4x as wide as S4, strongly setulose (Pl. 16D). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus about as long as longest epandrial seta, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 1.0x as long as epandrium high, bent posteriorly, dilated apically (1.6x), preapical posterior margin slightly rugged, 8.5x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface with long setulae along anterior margin (Pl. 16A).</p><p>Special characters: all setulae long; mesonotum with only few setulae; mid femur with some long setae antero- and posteroventrally in male, but not conspicuous; T 2 in male short, T3 on median line about 10x as long as T2.</p><p>Holotype, ♂: AUSTRALIA. New South Wales: Lord Howe I., Ned’s Beach (31°33'0"S 159°4'59.88"E), 1–31.xii.1972, Liepa (ANIC, 3218063), in good condition, abdomen dissected.</p><p>Distribution. Australia (New South Wales).</p><p>Etymology. The species name, badia, is an adjective derived from the Latin badius = reddish brown and refers to the colour of male T3–5.</p><p>Milichiella booloombae Brake, sp. n. (Pl. 16B, E)</p><p>Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of dark brown mesonotum, 3+1 dc, and male T2–5 silvery microtomentose except for brown microtomentose anterior third and middle of T2 and posterior half of T5.</p><p>Description. Body length: 3.2 mm; wing length: 3.3 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons brown, ocellar triangle and orbital plates brown microtomentose, lunule brown, basoflagellomere black, face greyish microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum dark brown microtomentose, scutellum and pleuron same, wing hyaline, veins brown, brown spot at apex of vein R1 weak, calypter hyaline with brown margin, halter black, legs black; abdomen with T2–5 silvery microtomentose except for brown microtomentose anterior third and middle of T2 and posterior half of T5.</p><p>Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta medioreclinate. In males frons 2.3x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 5.7x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with wide notch (6om) and slight emargination (1om).</p><p>Thorax: 3+1 dc, 4+1 prsc, 1 pprn, 1+0.7+row prs, 2+0.8 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc present. Wing with veins R 4+5 and M weakly convergent (1.7); M-ratio is 2.3. Fore femur slightly more densely setulose, tibial organ absent.</p><p>Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T1 into T2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T2 anterolateral corner with more than 3 lines of setae, T2+T5 posterior half setulose, T3–4 posterior margin with 2 rows of setulae. S5 1.1 x as long as wide, 1.5x as long and 2.1x as wide as S4, posterior margin indented, long and strongly setulose (Pl. 16E). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus slightly longer than epandrial setae, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 1.1x as long as epandrium high, bent posteriorly, dilated apically (1.3x), with small edentation at posterior base of dilation, 9.4x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface with long setulae along anterior margin (Pl. 16B).</p><p>Special characters: all setulae long; mesonotum with only few setulae; mid femur with long setae antero- and posteroventrally in male. Holotype, ♂: AUSTRALIA. Queensland: Conondale Ra. Booloomba Creek (26°44'S, 152°43'E), 1–3.xii.1985, Cassis &amp; Bickel (ANIC, 3218065), in good condition, abdomen dissected. Distribution. Australia (Queensland). Etymology. The species name, booloombae, is a genitive noun derived from the type locality. Remarks. Milichiella booloombae has been collected in rainforest.</p><p>Milichiella cooloolae Brake, sp. n. (Pl. 17B, F)</p><p>Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of dark brown mesonotum, 3+1 dc, and male T2–5 black microtomentose except for silvery broad lateral sides of T2, and anterior part and lateral sides of T3–5.</p><p>Description. Body length: 3.2 mm; wing length: 3.2 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons brown, ocellar triangle and orbital plates brown microtomentose, lunule brown, basoflagellomere black, face grey microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum dark brown microtomentose, scutellum same, pleuron more greyish microtomentose in some lights, wing hyaline, veins brown, brown spot at apex of vein R1 weak, calypter hyaline with brown margin, halter black, legs black; abdomen with T2–5 black microtomentose except for silvery broad lateral sides of T2, and anterior part and lateral sides of T3–5.</p><p>Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 2.0x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 4.7x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with wide notch (6om) and slight emargination (1–2om).</p><p>Thorax: 3+1 dc, 3+1? prsc, 1 pprn, 1+0.7 prs and row of short setae, 2+0.8 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc present. Wing with veins R 4+5 and M weakly convergent (1.8); M-ratio is 2.5. Fore femur densely setulose, tibial organ absent.</p><p>Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T1 into T2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T2 anterolateral corner with more than 3 lines of setae, T2–5 setulose on posterior half, even on silvery parts. S5 at least 0.9x as long as wide, at least 1.3x as long and 2.1x as wide as S4, posterior margin indented, strongly setulose (Pl. 17F). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus longer than epandrial setae, cercus strongly setulose, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 1.3x as long as epandrium high, bent posteriorly, dilated apically(1.6x) with small hook at posterior base of dilation, 9.8x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface with long setulae along anterior margin (Pl. 17B).</p><p>Special characters: all setulae long; mesonotum with only few setulae; mid femur with long setae antero- and posteroventrally in male.</p><p>Holotype, ♂: AUSTRALIA. Queensland: Cooloola (26°4'59.88"S 153°0'0"E), 31.viii.1978, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=153.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-26.083302" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 153.0/lat -26.083302)">Common</a> (ANIC, 3218064), in good condition, abdomen dissected.</p><p>Distribution. Australia (Queensland).</p><p>Etymology. The species name, cooloolae, is a genitive noun derived from the type locality.</p><p>Milichiella mollis Brake, sp. n. (Pl. 16C, F)</p><p>Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of dark brown mesonotum and male T1–2 brown microtomentose, T3–5 silvery microtomentose except for brown posterolateral corner of T5.</p><p>Description. Body length: 2.5–3.2 mm; wing length: 2.8–3.6 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons brown, ocellar triangle and orbital plates brown microtomentose, lunule dark brown, basoflagellomere black, face silvery microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum dark brown microtomentose, scutellum same, pleuron more greyish microtomentose, wing hyaline, veins brown, brown spot at apex of vein R1 weak, calypter light brown with brown margin, halter black, legs black, fore and hind tarsus with dark brown brush; abdomen with T1–2 brown microtomentose, T3–5 silvery microtomentose except for brown posterolateral corner of T5.</p><p>Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 1.9x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 4.7x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin without notch but emargination (4om).</p><p>Thorax: 3+1 dc, 4+1 prsc, 1 pprn, 1+0.7 prs and row of short setae, 1+0.7+0.7 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc absent. Wing with veins R 4+5 and M convergent (2.6); M-ratio is 2.3. Fore femur densely setulose, tibial organ absent.</p><p>Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T1 into T2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T2 anterolateral corner with more than 3 lines of setae, T2 with hairs at posterior margin, T3–4 with very scarce setulae at posterior margin, T5 with setulae at posterior margin and lateral sides;. S5 1.3 x as long as wide, 2.1x as long and 2.6x as wide as S4, strongly setulose (Pl. 16F). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus longer than epandrial setae, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 1.0x as long as epandrium high, bent posteriorly, dilated apically (1.6x), with small edentation at posterior base of dilation, 7.5x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface with long setulae along anterior margin (Pl. 16C).</p><p>Special characters: all setulae long; mesonotum with only few setulae; mid femur with long setae antero- and posteroventrally in male; T 2 in male short, T3 on median line about 6–7x as long as T2, silvery microtomentum very long.</p><p>Holotype, ♂: AUSTRALIA. New South Wales: Austinmer (34°18'S, 150°55'E), 17.x.1998, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=150.91667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-34.3" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 150.91667/lat -34.3)">Britton</a> (AMS, 3218067; K 232531), in good condition.</p><p>Paratypes: AUSTRALIA. New South Wales: Iluka, Clarence River (29°24'S, 153°21'E), 19.i.1971, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=153.35&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.55" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 153.35/lat -32.55)">McAlpine</a> (2 ♂ AMS, BMNH, 3218069–70); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=153.35&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.55" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 153.35/lat -32.55)">Upper Allyn River</a>, 457 m (32°33'0"S 151°34'.12"E), 9.ii.1961, Common &amp; Upton (♂ ANIC, 3218072) . Queensland: Lake Placid, near Cairns (16°53'S, 145°46'E), 2.i.1959, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=143.28334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.716666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 143.28334/lat -12.716666)">McAlpine</a> (♂ AMS, 3218071); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=143.28334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.716666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 143.28334/lat -12.716666)">Middle Claudie River</a>, Iron Range (12°43'S, 143°17'E), 29.ix.1974, Daniels (♂ AMS, 3218068) .</p><p>Material of questionable identity: AUSTRALIA. Queensland: Claudie River, near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=143.28334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-145.65" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 143.28334/lat -145.65)">Mount Lamond</a> (12°45'S, 143°17'E), 5.vi.1966, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=143.28334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-145.65" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 143.28334/lat -145.65)">McAlpine</a> (♀ AMS, 3218074); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=143.28334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-145.65" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 143.28334/lat -145.65)">Kuranda Range State Forest</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=143.28334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-145.65" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 143.28334/lat -145.65)">Black Mountain Road</a>, 7–8 m (16°49'.12" S 145°39'0" E), 20.iv.1967, Colless (♀ ANIC, 3218073) .</p><p>Distribution. Australia (New South Wales, Queensland).</p><p>Remarks. There are two females from Queensland that might belong to this species. They differ from males in the following characters: posterior eye margin gradually separating from head margin ventrally; mesonotum brown microtomentose except for yellow grey posterior third, scutellum brown microtomentose, pleuron more greyish microtomentose; halter yellow; T2–5 brown microtomentose.</p><p>Etymology. The species name, mollis, is derived from the Latin mollis = soft and refers to the soft looking, velvety brown microtomentum on the male mesonotum.</p><p>Milichiella multisetae Brake, sp. n. (Pl. 17A, E)</p><p>Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of subshiny black frons, brown microtomentose male T2, and red brown microtomentose T3–5 except for brown tip and lateral sides of T5.</p><p>Description. Body length: 4.7 mm; wing length: 4.8 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates brown microtomentose, lunule brown, basoflagellomere black, face grey microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum brown microtomentose, scutellum and pleuron same except for big shiny spot on an- and katepisternum, wing anterior margin apical of sc brown, brown spot at apex of vein R1 weak, calypter hyaline with brown margin, halter black, legs black; abdomen with T2 brown microtomentose, T3–5 red brown microtomentose except for brown tip and lateral sides of T5.</p><p>Pl. 17: A–C. Male genitalia, lateral view. A. Milichiella multisetae, HT; B. M. cooloolae, HT; C. M. velutina . D. M. velutina, surstylus. E–G. Male sternite 4–5. E. M. multisetae, HT; F. M. cooloolae, HT; G. M. velutina . Scale bar: 0.1.</p><p>Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 1.9x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 5.7x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with notch (5om) and slight emargination (1om).</p><p>Thorax: 3+1 dc, 1 prsc, 1 pprn, 1+0.8+0.6 prs, 2+0.8+0.7 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc present. Wing with veins R 4+5 and M weakly convergent (1.6); M-ratio is 1.9. Fore femur slightly more densely setulose, tibial organ absent.</p><p>Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T1 into T2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T2 anterolateral corner with more than 3 lines of setae, T2–5 posterior half setulose. S5 1.2 x as long as wide, 1.5x as long and 2.1x as wide as S4, extremely setulose (Pl. 17E). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus as long or longer than epandrial setae, cercus strongly setulose, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 1.2x as long as epandrium high, slightly bent posteriorly, slightly dilated apically (1.2x), 7.8x as long as wide, posteroapical margin slightly serrate, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface with long setulae along anterior margin (Pl. 17A).</p><p>Holotype, ♂: PAPUA NEW GUINEA. Western Highlands: Baiyer River (5°33'0"S 144°7'.12"E), 24.viii.1970, Norris (ANIC, 3218066), in good condition, abdomen dissected.</p><p>Distribution. New Guinea.</p><p>Etymology. The species name, multisetae, is an adjective derived from the Latin multus = many and seta = bristle, referring to the strongly setulose sternites of the male.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AB0903FFE3FFBCFF5A6071BC02FE31	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Brake, Irina	Brake, Irina (2009): Revision of Milichiella Giglio-Tos (Diptera, Milichiidae) 2188. Zootaxa 2188 (1): 1-166, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2188.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2188.1.1
03AB0903FFDDFFBAFF5A654EBB4BF83C.text	03AB0903FFDDFFBAFF5A654EBB4BF83C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Milichiella nudiventris Becker 1907	<div><p>nudiventris -group</p><p>Species in the nudiventris -group are characterized by the combination of thorax with mesonotum densely brown or reddish brown microtomentose, vein R 4+5 and M weakly convergent [1.5x], abdominal triangle weak, silvery microtomentum on male tergites long.</p><p>Distribution. Honduras south to Peru.</p><p>Milichiella nudiventris Becker, 1907 (Pl. 18C, F, I)</p><p>Milichiella nudiventris Becker, 1907: 537 . BOLIVIA. Mapiri Sarampiuni, 700 m. HT ♂ SMTD. Sabrosky 1973: 5 [Neotropical catalogue]; Brake 2000: 106 [world catalogue].</p><p>Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of brown frons, mesonotum densely reddish brown microtomentose, 2dc, calypter margin dark brown, basitarsi yellow, T2–5 silvery microtomentose except for tip of T5, silvery microtomentum very long and in rows.</p><p>Description. Body length: 3.2 mm; wing length: 3.0 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons brown, ocellar triangle and orbital plates brown microtomentose, lunule black, basoflagellomere black, face greyish microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum densely reddish brown microtomentose, scutellum same, pleuron brown microtomentose, wing hyaline, veins light brown, brown spot at apex of vein R1 absent, calypter brown with dark margin, halter black, legs black except for yellow basitarsi, hind tarsus with conspicuous yellow brush; abdomen with T2–5 silvery white microtomentose except for narrow anterolateral corner of T2, lateral margins of T2–3 and posterior extended half of T5.</p><p>Head: frons with 2+0.5 orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta very slightly medioreclinate. In males frons 2.0x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 5.7x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista short, about as long as base of arista wide, posterior eye margin with notch (4om) and emargination (3om).</p><p>Thorax: 2 dc, 1 prsc, 1 pprn, 1+0.3 prs, 2 keps setae, posterior prsc as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc small. Wing with veins R 4+5 and M weakly convergent (1.5); M-ratio is 2.0–2.2. Fore femur normal setulose, tibial organ absent.</p><p>Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T1 into T2 very weak. Tergal chaetotaxy: T2 anterolateral corner with 2–3 lines of setae, T5 posterior half with long setae, silvery parts without setae. S5 1.3 x as long as wide, 1.0x as long and 4.4x as wide as S4, roughly triangular with posterior margin indented, setulose with setae getting longer posterolaterad (Pl. 18I). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus longer than epandrial setae, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus similar to M. turrialbae, but more gradually dilated, 6.5x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface without setulae, some longer sensilla along anterior margin (Pl. 18C, F).</p><p>Special characters: silvery microtomentum extremely long and in rows.</p><p>Holotype, ♂: BOLIVIA. La Paz: Sarampione, 700 m (15°25'S, 68°7'W), 1–28.ii.1903, Schnuse (SMTD, 3216899), in good condition.</p><p>Pl. 18: A–C. Male genitalia, lateral view. A. Milichiella argenteidorsa; B. M. turrialbae; C. M. nudiventris . D–F. Surstylus. D. M. argenteidorsa; E. M. turrialbae; F. M. nudiventris . G–I. Male sternite 4–5. G. M. argenteidorsa; H. M. turrialbae; I. M. nudiventris . Scale bar: 0.1.</p><p>Additional material examined (USNM unless otherwise indicated): COSTA RICA. Cartago: La Suiza (9°51'0"N 83°37'.12"W), Schild (2 ♂ 1♀, 3216905, 3216922–3), 1–30.iv.1922 (4 ♂ 1♀, 3216908–12), 1–31.x.1923 (♂, 3216914), 1–31.iii.1924 (♂, 3216915), 1–30.ix.1924 (♂, 3216906), 12.vi.1926 (♂, 3216907); Turrialba (9°54'0"N 83°40'59.88"W), 1–30.xi.1922, Schild (4 ♂ USNM, BMNH, 3216916–9); HONDURAS. Atlantida: La Ceiba (15°46'59.88"N 86°49'59.88"W), 2.xii.1916, Dyer (♂, 3216904); PAN- AMA. Colon: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.8333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.25" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.8333/lat -12.25)">Fort Sherman</a>, Mojinga Swamp (9°18'0"N 79°58'.12"W), 25.vi.1952, Blanton (♂, 3216903). Panama: Barro Colorado I. (9°9'0"N 79°51'0"W), 13.viii.1977, Silberglied &amp; Aiello (♂, 3216902), 10.vi.1978, Woodley (♂, 3216900); Summit (9°4'.12" N 79°39'0" W), 1–31.x.1946, Krauss (♂, 3216901); PERU. Madre de Dios: Manu, 400 m (12°15'0"S 70°49'59.88"W), 26–30.x.1962, Pena (♂ CNC, 3217854) .</p><p>Material of questionable identity (all HNHM): COSTA RICA. Cartago: La Suiza (9°51'0"N 83°37'.12"W), 1.iv.1921 (♂, 3218488), 11.v.1921 (♂, 3218487), 18.v.1921 (♂, 3218489), 1921 (♂, 3218486). Distribution. Honduras south to Peru .</p><p>Remarks. Milichiella nudiventris has been collected on Cassia leaves ( Fabaceae).</p><p>Milichiella turrialbae Brake, sp. n. (Pl. 18B, E, H)</p><p>Diagnosis. Differs from M. nudiventris in male abdomen with T2 brown microtomentose except for silvery lateral sides, T3–5 silvery microtomentose except for brown microtomentose posteromedial margin of T3 and subshiny tip of T5.</p><p>Description. Body length: 2.8–3.4 mm; wing length: 2.4–2.9 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons brown, ocellar triangle and orbital plates brown microtomentose, lunule brown, basoflagellomere black, face greyish microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum densely brown microtomentose, scutellum and pleuron same except for small shiny spots on an- and katepisternum, wing hyaline, veins brown, brown spot at apex of vein R1 absent, calypter brown, halter black, legs black except for yellow basitarsi, fore and hind tarsus with yellow brush; abdomen with T2 brown microtomentose except for silvery lateral sides, T3–5 silvery microtomentose except for brown microtomentose posteromedial margin of T3 and subshiny tip of T5. Female coloration and vestiture: halter black, abdomen with T2–5 brown microtomentose.</p><p>Head: frons with 2+0.5 orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta very slightly medioreclinate. In males frons 2.2x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 5.0x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista short, about as long as base of arista wide, posterior eye margin with slight notch (4om) and emargination (3om). Female posterior eye margin with slight notch (4om) and emargination (2om).</p><p>Thorax: 2 dc, 2 prsc, 1 pprn, 1 prs, 1+0.7 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc absent. Wing with veins R 4+5 and M weakly convergent (1.5); M-ratio is 2.3. Fore femur normal setulose, tibial organ absent.</p><p>Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T1 into T2 very weak. Tergal chaetotaxy: T2 anterolateral corner with 2–3 lines of setae, T2–5 bare except for setulose tip of T5. S5 1.5 x as long as wide, 1.3x as long and 4.6x as wide as S4, roughly triangular with posterior margin indented, scarce setulose except for strong setulose at posterior margin (Pl. 18H). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus longer than epandrial setae, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.7x as long as epandrium high, bent posteriorly, dilated apically (2.1x), 5.3x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface with two fine setulae at posterior margin (Pl. 18B, E).</p><p>Special characters: silvery microtomentum long.</p><p>Holotype, ♂: COSTA RICA. Cartago: La Suiza (9°51'0"N 83°37'.12"W), Schild (USNM, 3217346), in good condition but with some dust.</p><p>Paratypes, same data as HT (♂ USNM, 3217347); COSTA RICA. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-83.6833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.9" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -83.6833/lat 9.9)">Turrialba</a> (9°54'0"N 83°40'59.88"W), 1–30.xi.1922, Schild (2 ♂ BMNH, USNM, 3217348–9) ; PANAMA. Panama: Summit (9°4'.12" N 79°39'0" W), 1–31.x.1946, Krauss (♂ USNM, 3217353) .</p><p>Material of questionable identity: COSTA RICA. Cartago: La Suiza (9°51'0"N 83°37'.12"W), 1–30.iv.1922, Schild (♀ USNM, 3217351); Turrialba (9°54'0"N 83°40'59.88"W), 1–30.xi.1922, Schild (♀ USNM, 3217350) .</p><p>Distribution: Costa Rica, Panama.</p><p>Remarks. It is possible that Milichiella turrialbae is just a variety of M. nudiventris because it differs only in the partly brown microtomentose male T2–3.</p><p>Etymology. The species name, turrialbae, is derived from the type locality.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AB0903FFDDFFBAFF5A654EBB4BF83C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Brake, Irina	Brake, Irina (2009): Revision of Milichiella Giglio-Tos (Diptera, Milichiidae) 2188. Zootaxa 2188 (1): 1-166, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2188.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2188.1.1
03AB0903FFD8FFB5FF5A67FEBED8FC29.text	03AB0903FFD8FFB5FF5A67FEBED8FC29.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ulia poecilogastra	<div><p>poecilogastra -group</p><p>Species in the poecilogastra -group are characterized by the combination of male mesonotum subshiny or shiny black, in some species slightly sculptured, calypter margin dark, tibial organ present.</p><p>Distribution. El Salvador south to Bolivia and Brazil (Mato Grosso)</p><p>Milichiella boliviana Brake, sp. n. (Pl. 19B, F)</p><p>Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of a finely sculptured frons and mesonotum as well as shiny black male T1–5 except for silvery microtomentose paired small spots close to abdominal triangle on T2, and narrow anterior margins of T3–5.</p><p>Description. Body length: 2.5 mm; wing length: 2.7 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons shiny black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates shiny black, sculptured on anterior 3/5, lunule black, basoflagellomere black, face black microtomentose, palpus black, basomedially yellow; thorax with mesonotum subshiny black, scutellum and pleuron same, wing hyaline, veins yellow, brown spot at apex of vein R1 present, calypter brown or hyaline with brown margin and brown hairs, halter black, legs black except for yellow basitarsi, fore tibia appears yellow ventroapically due to brush of yellowish setae; abdomen with T1–5 shiny black except for silvery microtomentose paired small spots close to abdominal triangle on T2, and narrow anterior margins of T3–5.</p><p>Head: frons with 1 (middle) orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 3.0x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 7.0x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with notch (4om) and emargination (2om).</p><p>Thorax: 1 dc, 0 prsc, 1 pprn, 1 prs, 2 keps setae, posterior prsc less than 0.8x as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc absent. Wing with veins R 4+5 and M convergent (~2.4); M-ratio is 2.0. Fore femur normal setulose, tibial organ present.</p><p>Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T1 into T2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T2 anterolateral corner with single line of setae, T2–5 black parts with some fine setulae. S5 same as M. poecilogastra (see Pl. 19D). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus slightly longer than epandrial setae, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.5x as long as epandrium high, dilated posteroapically (1.3x), with apical edentation, 0.9x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface without setulae (Pl. 19B, F).</p><p>Special characters: proboscis elongated with labellum 2.2x as long as palpus and about as long as vertical eye diameter, female with long lunule, ventral tip of lunule reaching distal half of basoflagellomere (male: tip of lunule reaches middle of pedicel), frons and mesonotum finely sculptured.</p><p>Holotype, ♂: BOLIVIA. Santa Cruz: Noel Kempff Mercado National Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-60.931667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.558333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -60.931667/lat -14.558333)">Los Fierros</a> (14°33'30''S, 60°55'54''W), 20–30.i.1997, Gill &amp; Forsyth (DEBU, 3218315; debu00256320), in suboptimal condition, fore legs missing, mesonotum slightly indented, abdomen dissected.</p><p>Paratype: BOLIVIA. La Paz: Mapiri, San Carlos (15°0'0''S 68°0'0''W), 1–31.i.1903, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.0/lat -15.0)">Schnuse</a> (♂ SMTD, 3219185) .</p><p>Material of questionable identity: BOLIVIA. Santa Cruz: Noel Kempff Mercado National Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-60.931667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.558333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -60.931667/lat -14.558333)">Los Fierros</a> (14°33'30''S, 60°55'54''W), 20–30.i.1997, Gill &amp; Forsyth (♀ DEBU, 3218316) .</p><p>Distribution. Bolivia.</p><p>Etymology. The species name, boliviana, is an adjective derived from the type locality.</p><p>Remarks. The female which might be conspecific with Milichiella boliviana is characterized by a black halter and abdomen with T2–5 shiny black except for brown microtomentose narrow anterior margins</p><p>Pl. 19: A–C. Male genitalia, lateral view. A. Milichiella poecilogastra; B. M. boliviana, HT; C. M. metallica . D–E M. poecilogastra . D. Male sternite 4–5; E. Surstylus. F. M. boliviana, HT, surstylus. G. M. metallica, male sternite 4–5. Scale bar: 0.1.</p><p>Milichiella maculatiradii Brake, sp. n. (Pl. 30B, E)</p><p>Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of brown microtomentose male abdomen except for shiny posterolateral corners and brown spot on R1.</p><p>Description. Body length: 2.3 mm; wing length: 2.1 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons shiny black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates shiny black, lunule brown, basoflagellomere black, face black microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum subshiny black, scutellum and pleuron shiny, wing hyaline, veins brown, brown spot at apex of vein R1 present, calypter hyaline with brown margin and brown hairs, halter black, legs black except for yellow tips of mid and hind tibia and tarsi; abdomen with T2–4 brown microtomentose except for shiny posterolateral corners, T5 shiny except for brown microtomentose anterior margin.</p><p>Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 2.2x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 4.0x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with slight notch (2om) and slight emargination (1om).</p><p>Thorax: 1 dc, 1 prsc, 1 pprn, 1 prs, 2 keps setae, posterior prsc less than 0.8x as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc absent. Wing with veins R 4+5 and M convergent (2.0); M-ratio is 2.7. Fore femur normal setulose, tibial organ present.</p><p>Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T1 into T2 weak. Tergal chaetotaxy: T2 anterolateral corner with 2–3 lines of setae, T2–5 setulose. S5 ~1.5x as long as wide, ~1.4x as long and 1.2x as wide as S4, setulose, thinner setulae at posterior margin (Pl. 30E). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus shorter than longest epandrial setae, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 1.5x as long as epandrium high, dilated apically (1.7x), 8.8x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface without setulae, some longer sensilla on distal half (Pl. 30B).</p><p>Special characters: labellum 1.5x as long as palpus.</p><p>Holotype, ♂: BOLIVIA. Santa Cruz: Noel Kempff Mercado National Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-60.931667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.558333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -60.931667/lat -14.558333)">Los Fierros</a> (14°33'30"S, 60°55'54"W), 20–30.i.1997, Gill &amp; Forsyth (DEBU, 3217691; debu00256247), in good condition.</p><p>Paratype, same data as HT (♂ DEBU, 3217692) .</p><p>Material of questionable identity: PANAMA. Panama: Barro Colorado I. (9°9'0"N 79°51'0"W), 13.viii.1946, Krauss (♀ USNM, 3218626); PERU. Loreto: Iquitos (3°46'.12" S 73°15'0" W), 1.iii.–30.iv.1931, Shannon (1 ♂ 1♀ USNM, 3218639–40) .</p><p>Distribution. Bolivia,? Panama,? Peru.</p><p>Etymology. The species name, maculatiradii, is derived from maculatus = spotted, referring to the brown spot on the radial vein.</p><p>Remarks. A specimen from Peru has a narrower distal tip to the surstylus.</p><p>Milichiella metallica Brake, sp. n. (Pl. 19C, G)</p><p>Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the metallic blue green sheen of the male mesonotum.</p><p>Description. Body length: 2.1 mm; wing length: 2.0 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates shiny black, lunule brown, basoflagellomere black, face brown microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum shiny black with metallic blue green sheen, scutellum and pleuron shiny, wing hyaline, veins brown, brown spot at apex of vein R1 absent, calypter hyaline with brown margin, halter black, legs black except for yellow tips of tibiae and tarsi; abdomen with T1–5 shiny black. Female coloration and vestiture: thorax with mesonotum shiny black without metallic blue green sheen, scutellum and pleuron shiny, halter black, abdomen with T2–5 shiny black except for brown microtomentose narrow anterior margins.</p><p>Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 2.4x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 4.9x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with slight notch (2om) and slight emargination (1om).</p><p>Thorax: 1 dc, 1 prsc, 1 pprn, 1 prs, 2 keps setae, posterior prsc less than 0.8x as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc absent. Wing with veins R 4+5 and M weakly convergent (1.6); M-ratio is 2.6. Fore femur normal setulose, tibial organ present.</p><p>Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T1 into T2 absent. Tergal chaetotaxy: T2 anterolateral corner with single line of setae, T2–4 with one scarce row of setulae at posterior margin. S5 1.3 x as long as wide, 1.4x as long and 1.5x as wide as S4, posterior margin indented, setulose (Pl. 19G). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus longer than epandrial setae, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.3x as long as epandrium high, very slightly dilated apically (1.1x), 1.3x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface without setulae (Pl. 19C).</p><p>Special characters: ocellar triangle large, labellum 1.4x as long as palpus, mesonotum slightly sculptured posteromedially in both sexes.</p><p>Holotype, ♂: BOLIVIA. Santa Cruz: Noel Kempff Mercado National Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-60.931667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.558333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -60.931667/lat -14.558333)">Los Fierros</a> (14°33'30"S, 60°55'54"W), 20–30.i.1997, Gill &amp; Forsyth (DEBU, 3217688; debu00256177), in good condition.</p><p>Paratypes, same data as HT (7 ♂ DEBU, 3217682–7, 3217689) .</p><p>Additional material examined: BOLIVIA. Santa Cruz: Noel Kempff Mercado National Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-60.931667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.558333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -60.931667/lat -14.558333)">Los Fierros</a> (14°33'30"S, 60°55'54"W), 20–30.i.1997, Gill &amp; Forsyth (♀ DEBU, 3217690) .</p><p>Distribution. Bolivia.</p><p>Etymology. The species name, metallica, is an adjective and refers to the blue green sheen of the mesonotum.</p><p>Milichiella poecilogastra (Becker, 1907), comb. nov. (Pl. 19A, D, E)</p><p>Ulia poecilogastra Becker, 1907: 544 . PERU. Pichis &amp; Rosalina. ST 1 ♂ 1♀ SMTD. Becker 1907: 544 [fig. of head, wing, male abdomen]. Hennig 1939: 85 [Bolivia, Costa Rica]; Sabrosky 1973: 7 [Neotropical catalogue]; Brake 2000: 13 [fig. of wing, male genitalia, Costa Rica].</p><p>Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of a finely sculptured frons and mesonotum as well as shiny black male T1–2 and T5 except for silvery microtomentose subanterior band and posterolateral margin of T2 and anterior margin of T5; T3–4 silvery microtomentose except for row of black dots at hind margin.</p><p>Description. Body length: 3.0 mm without head (var.: 2.9–3.7); wing length: 3.2 (var.: 2.7–2.9) mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons shiny black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates shiny black, lunule brown, basoflagellomere black (var.: basomedially yellow), face black, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum subshiny black, scutellum and pleuron same except for shiny spots on an- and katepisternum, wing hyaline, veins yellow, brown spot at apex of vein R1 present, calypter brown with brown margin and brown hairs, halter black, legs black except for orange basitarsi; abdomen with T1–2 and T5 shiny black except for silvery microtomentose subanterior band and posterolateral margin of T2 and anterior margin of T5; T3–4 silvery microtomentose except for row of black dots at hind margin. Female coloration and vestiture: calypter hyaline with brown margin and brown hairs, halter black, abdomen with T2–5 shiny to subshiny black.</p><p>Head: frons with 2+1 (var.: 1) orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta? (var.: slightly medioreclinate). In males frons?x (var.: 2.9x) as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about?x (var.: 5.8x) as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista? (var.: very short), posterior eye margin with emargination (var.: notch (4om) and emargination (2om)). Female posterior eye margin with notch (4om) and emargination (2–3om).</p><p>Thorax: 1 dc, 0 prsc, 1 pprn, 1 prs, 2 keps setae, posterior prsc less than 0.8x as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc absent. Wing with veins R 4+5 and M convergent (2.8–3.1); M-ratio is 1.9. Fore femur normal setulose, tibial organ present.</p><p>Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T1 into T2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T2 anterolateral corner with more than 3 lines of setae, T2–5 black parts with some fine setulae, some longer setulae at tip of T5. S5 0.8 x as long as wide, 1.5x as long and 1.9x as wide as S4, posterior margin only slightly indented, setulose with short setae and longer setae along posterior margin (Pl. 19D). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus not longer than epandrial setae, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.5x as long as epandrium high, dilated apically (1.4x), very broad, 1.3x as long as wide, with posteroapical indentation, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface without setulae (Pl. 19A, E).</p><p>Special characters: proboscis elongated with labellum 2.5x as long as palpus and 1.2x as long as vertical eye diameter, female with long lunule, ventral tip of lunule reaching distal half of basoflagellomere (var.: male tip of lunule reaches middle of pedicel), frons and mesonotum finely sculptured (var.: frons sculptured to a larger extent in females than in males), female hind leg slightly enlarged, wing plane nearly without microtrichia.</p><p>Syntypes: PERU. Cusco: Rosalina, Urubamba river (12°28'59.88"S 72°43'59.88"W), 3.ix.1903, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.7333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.483299" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.7333/lat -12.483299)">Schnuse</a> (♂ SMTD, 3219187), head and one wing missing . Pasco: Pichis, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-74.9333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.283299" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -74.9333/lat -10.283299)">Puerto Bermudez</a> (10°16'59.88"S 74°55'59.88"W), 11.xii.1903, Schnuse (♀ SMTD, 3219186), head glued on, thorax broken, one wing missing. There is 1 male and 1 female syntype. The female was labeled as lectotype by A. L. Serra in 1991 and the male as paralectotype. However, this lectotype designation has not been published so far and is not valid .</p><p>Milichiella poecilogastra var. (USNM unless otherwise indicated): BOLIVIA. La Paz: Tumupasa (14°9'0"S 67°55'.12"W), Dec.1921?, Mann (♀, 3218651); Santa Cruz: Noel Kempff Mercado National Park, Los Fierros (14°33'30"S, 60°55'54"W), 20–30.i.1997, Gill &amp; Forsyth (3 ♂ 15♀ DEBU, 3218297–314); BRA- ZIL. Amazonas: Benjamin Constant (4°25'.12" S 69°58'59.88" W), 9.ix.1989, Mesgersmith (♀, 3218649). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-79.85&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.15" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -79.85/lat 9.15)">Mato Grosso do Sul</a>: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-79.85&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.15" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -79.85/lat 9.15)">Maracaju</a> (21°37'59.88"S 55°9'0"W), 1–31.v.1937, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-79.85&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.15" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -79.85/lat 9.15)">Servico Febre Amarela</a> (♂, 3218645); COSTA RICA. San Jose: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-79.85&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.15" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -79.85/lat 9.15)">Farm La Caja</a> (9°58'.12" N 84°7'.12"W), 07/25/19??, Schmidt (♂, 3218644), 1.i.–31.xii.1930 (♂, 3218643); ECUADOR. Napo: Puerto Orellana, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-79.85&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.15" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -79.85/lat 9.15)">Rio Tiputini</a> (0°38'2"S, 76°8'9"W), 12–26.viii.1999, Mathis et al. (1 ♂ 1♀, 3218646–7); EL SALVADOR. La Unión: Volcán Conchagua (13°16'.12" N 87°49'59.88" W), 27–29.v.1958, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-79.85&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.15" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -79.85/lat 9.15)">Cartwright</a> (♀, 3218648); PANAMA. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-79.85&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.15" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -79.85/lat 9.15)">Chiriquií</a>: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-79.85&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.15" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -79.85/lat 9.15)">David</a>, 671 m (8°25'59.88"N 82°25'59.88"E), 24.vii.1964, Broce (♂, 3218642); Panama: Barro Colorado I. (9°9'0"N 79°51'0"W), 10.vii.1978, Woodley (♀, 3218650) .</p><p>Distribution. El Salvador south to Bolivia and Brazil (Mato Grosso).</p><p>Remarks. All recently collected specimens of this species ( Milichiella poecilogastra var.) have only 1 orbital seta, whereas the type specimens have 3 according to the original description. However, since the head of the male type is lost and the female has no setae left on the frons, this character cannot be verified. I refrain from describing a new species because the difference in the number of orbital setae is most likely just variation within the species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AB0903FFD8FFB5FF5A67FEBED8FC29	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Brake, Irina	Brake, Irina (2009): Revision of Milichiella Giglio-Tos (Diptera, Milichiidae) 2188. Zootaxa 2188 (1): 1-166, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2188.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2188.1.1
