taxonID	type	description	language	source
03AB0903FFAEFFC6FF5A65CCBA55FEA9.taxon	distribution	Distribution: New World. Milichiella aethiops (Malloch, 1913), comb. nov. (Pl. 1 B, F)	en	Brake, Irina (2009): Revision of Milichiella Giglio-Tos (Diptera, Milichiidae) 2188. Zootaxa 2188 (1): 1-166, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2188.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2188.1.1
03AB0903FFAEFFC6FF5A65CCBA55FEA9.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Differs from other members of the aethiops - group in the shiny black mesonotum. Description. Body length: 2.5 mm; wing length: 2.4 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny to shiny black, ocellar triangle subshiny, orbital plates shiny black, lunule brown, basoflagellomere black, face silvery grey microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum shiny black, scutellum and pleuron slightly brown microtomentose, except for shiny spot on an- and katepisternum, wing hyaline, veins yellow, brown spot at apex of vein R 1 absent, calypter white, halter black, legs black; abdomen with T 2 – 4 brown microtomentose except for shiny posterolateral corners, T 5 shiny black except for microtomentose anterior margin. Female coloration and vestiture: face brown, halter yellow, abdomen with T 2 – 4 brown microtomentose, T 5 shiny. Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2 + 0.6 + 0.6 frontal setae, middle frontal seta medioreclinate. In males frons 1.8 x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 3.1 x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin without notch, gradually separating from head margin ventrally. Thorax: 2 (var.: 3 + 1) dc, 1 prsc, 1 pprn, 1 + 0.7 prs and row of short setae, 2 + 0.8 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc present. Wing with veins R 4 + 5 and M convergent (1.7 – 2.7), M-ratio is 2.2. Fore femur normal setulose, tibial organ absent. Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T 1 into T 2 weak. Tergal chaetotaxy: T 2 anterolateral corner with more than 3 lines of setae, T 2 – 5 setulose. S 5 about 1.2 x as long as wide, 1.4 x as long and 0.9 x as wide as S 4, roughly rectangular with posterior margin indented, posterior 3 / 4 setulose (Pl. 1 F). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus as long as longest epandrial seta, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.7 x as long as epandrium high, slightly dilated posteroapically (1.4 x), 2.5 x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface without setulae but with relatively strong sensilla along margin, except for bare posteroapical part (Pl. 1 B). Special characters: one shorter prs anterior to main prs. Holotype, ♂: UNITED STATES. Texas: Cameron Co., Harlingen (26 ° 10 ' 59.88 " N 97 ° 40 ' 59.88 " W), 8. iv. 1909, McMillan & Marsh (USNM, 3216375), in good condition, abdomen dissected. Paratypes, same data as HT but 2. iii. 1909 (♀ USNM, 3216378), 12. iii. 1909 (♀ USNM, 3216376), 26. iii. 1909 (♀ USNM, 3216377). Pl. 1: A – C. Male genitalia, lateral view. A. Milichiella pachycerei; B. M. aethiops; C. M. mexicana, HT. D. M. pachycerei, surstylus. E – G. Male sternite 4 – 5. E. M. pachycerei; F. M. aethiops, HT; G. M. mexicana, HT. Abbreviations: ce — cercus, ep — epandrium, hyp — hypandrium, phap — phallapodeme, preg — pregonite, sur — surstylus. Scale bar: 0.1. Additional material examined (USNM unless otherwise stated): MEXICO. Baja California Sur: Isla Espiritu Santo (24 ° 30 ' 0 " N 110 ° 22 '. 12 " W), 23. iii. 1953, Arnaud (♂, 3216381); Queretaro: 12.9 km E Queretaro (20 ° 37 ' 59.88 " N 100 ° 22 ' 59.88 " E), 20. vi. 1960, Ryckman et al. (11 ♂ USNM, BMNH, 3216384 – 94); UNITED STATES. Arizona: Cochise Co., Ramsey Cany (31 ° 25 ' 59.88 " N 110 ° 18 ' 0 " W), 15. vi. 1951 (♂, 3216380). Florida: Levy Co., Cedar Key (29 ° 7 ' 59.88 " N 83 ° 1 ' 59.88 " W), 12. v. 1970, Bailey (♂, 3219017). Georgia: Clarke Co., Whitehall (33 ° 54 ' 0 " N 83 ° 21 ' 0 " W), 19. viii. 1971, Wallace (♂, 3219016). New Mexico: Grant Co., Gila National Forest, near Lake Roberts (33 ° 1 ' 59.88 " N 108 ° 10 '. 12 " W), 28. v. – 5. vi. 1991, Swann (♂ DEBU, 3217647). Texas: Brewster Co., 1.6 km W Lajitas (29 ° 15 ' 0 " N 103 ° 46 '. 12 " W), 23 – 30. iv. 1963 (♂, 3216379); Culberson Co., Guadalupe Mountains (31 ° 54 ' 0 " N 104 ° 52 '. 12 " W), 29. vi. 1951, Wheeler (♂, 3219015). Utah: Emery Co., Green River (38 ° 58 ' 59.88 " N 110 ° 9 ' 0 " W), 21. v. 1983, Knowlton (♂, 3219014); Washington Co., Zion National Park, Birch Creek (37 ° 15 ' 0 " N 112 ° 58 ' 59.88 " W), 27. vii. 1965, Hanson (♀, 3219033). Washington: Asotin Co., Asotin Creek, 800 m (46 ° 19 ' 59.88 " N 117 ° 1 ' 59.88 " W), 11. v. 1924, Melander (2 ♂, 3219018 – 9). Material near Milichiella aethiops: MEXICO. Zacatecas: 15 km E Sombrerete (23 ° 37 ' 59.88 " N 103 ° 40 '. 12 " W), 28 – 31. vii. 1951, Hurd (♀ USNM, 3216383); UNITED STATES. Texas: Culberson Co., Guadalupe Mountains National Park, Williams Ranch (31 ° 52 ' 59.88 " N 104 ° 51 ' 0 " W), 27. viii. 1976, Foster (♂ USNM, 3216382). Material of questionable identity: MEXICO. Zacatecas: 15 km E Sombrerete (23 ° 37 ' 59.88 " N 103 ° 40 '. 12 " W), 30. vii. 1951, Hurd (♂ USNM, 3218742); UNITED STATES. Texas: Brewster Co., Big Bend N. P., Nine Point Draw, 914 m (29 ° 30 ' 0 " N 103 ° 31 '. 12 " W), 20. v. 1959, Mason (♀ USNM, 3218107). Distribution: North America from Washington State to Georgia, south to middle Mexico and Florida. Remarks. The holotype and several other specimens have 2 dc, but there is a series of specimens from Mexico with 3 + 1 dc. Milichiella aethiops was reared from wild tuber and cactus. Specimens were collected in dry stream beds and by using Malaise traps. Milichiella mexicana Brake, sp. n. (Pl. 1 C, G) Diagnosis. Differs from other members of the aethiops - group in the combination of subshiny mesonotum, yellow halter and black legs. Description. Body length: 1.9 mm; wing length: 2.0 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates slightly brown microtomentose with a shiny spot posteriorly on orbital plate, lunule brown, basoflagellomere black, face greyish microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum subshiny (very slightly brown microtomentose), scutellum and pleuron slightly brown microtomentose except for shiny spot on an- and katepisternum, wing hyaline, veins brown, brown spot at apex of vein R 1 absent, calypter white, halter yellow, legs black; abdomen with T 2 – 4 brown microtomentose except for shiny posterolateral corners, T 5 shiny black except for microtomentose anterior margin. Female coloration and vestiture: halter yellow, abdomen with T 1 – 4 brown microtomentose dorsally, T 5 shiny. Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta medioreclinate. In males frons 1.6 x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 2.6 x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin without notch, gradually separating from head margin ventrally. Thorax: 2 dc, 1 prsc, 1 pprn, 1 + 0.6 prs, 1 + 0.8 keps setae, posterior prsc less than 0.8 x as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc absent. Wing with veins R 4 + 5 and M convergent (2.0); M-ratio is 2.2. Fore femur normal setulose, tibial organ absent. Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T 1 into T 2 weak. Tergal chaetotaxy: T 2 anterolateral corner with 2 – 3 lines of setae, T 2 – 5 setulose. S 5 about 1.1 x as long as wide, roughly rectangular with posterior margin indented, posterior 2 / 3 setulose (Pl. 1 G). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus shorter than longest epandrial seta, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus as long as epandrium high, dilated posteroapically (1.6 x) bent anteriorly, about 3.4 x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface without setulae (Pl. 1 C). Special characters: setae on lunule longer than interfrontal setulae. Holotype, ♂: MEXICO. Queretaro: 12.9 km E Queretaro (20 ° 37 ' 59.88 " N 100 ° 22 ' 59.88 " E), 3. viii. 1960, Ryckman, Ryckman & Christianson (USNM, 3217258), in good condition, abdomen dissected. Paratypes, same data as HT (7 ♂ 3 ♀ USNM, 3217256 – 7, 3218514, 3218526 – 32), 20. vi. 1960 (2 ♂ 8 ♀ USNM, 3218540 – 1, 3218558 – 65); MEXICO. Durango: 149.7 km N Durango City (24 ° 1 '. 12 " N 104 ° 40 '. 12 " W), 18. vi. 1960, Ryckman et al. (♀ USNM, 3218573). Sonora: 20.9 km N Guaymas (27 ° 58 ' 59.88 " N 110 ° 54 ' 0 " W), 29. vi. 1960, Ryckman et al. (2 ♀ USNM, 3218571 – 2); 6.4 km E Navojoa (27 ° 4 '. 12 " N 109 ° 28 '. 12 " W), 24. vi. 1960, Ryckman et al. (13 ♂ 6 ♀ USNM, BMNH, CNC, 3218533, 3218542 – 4, 3218546 – 54, 3218566 – 70, 3218845). Additional material examined (all: Ryckman et al.): MEXICO. Queretaro: 16.1 km W Queretaro (20 ° 37 ' 59.88 " N 100 ° 22 ' 59.88 " W), 20. vi. 1960 (♀ USNM, 3218896); 12.9 km E Queretaro (20 ° 37 ' 59.88 " N 100 ° 22 ' 59.88 " E), 20. vi. 1960 (7 ♀ USNM, BMNH, 3218884 – 90), 3. viii. 1960 (4 ♂ 10 ♀ USNM, CNC, 3217259 – 60, 3217262 – 4, 3218848 – 51, 3218891 – 5). Sonora: 20.9 km N Guaymas (27 ° 58 ' 59.88 " N 110 ° 54 ' 0 " W), 29. vi. 1960 (3 ♀ USNM, 3218534, 3218903 – 4); 6.4 km E Navojoa (27 ° 4 '. 12 " N 109 ° 28 '. 12 " W), 24. vi. 1960 (39 ♂ 22 ♀ USNM, BMNH, 3218556 – 7, 3218810 – 44, 3218846 – 7, 3218861 – 81, 3218883); 130.4 km W Sonoyta (31 ° 51 ' 0 " N 112 ° 49 ' 59.88 " W), 21. vi. 1960 (♂ USNM, 3218853). Milichiella mexicana var. 1: UNITED STATES. Arizona: Yuma Co., San Felipe Pass. W. Cibola (33 ° 18 ' 0 " N 114 ° 39 ' 0 " W), 5. v. 1960, Ryckman & Olsen (2 ♀ USNM, 3218860, 3218897). California: San Bernardino Co., 8.1 km N San Bernardino (34 ° 4 ' 59.88 " N 117 ° 16 '. 12 " E), 9. vi. 1960, Ryckman et al. (4 ♂ 2 ♀ USNM, 3218854 – 7, 3218905 – 6).	en	Brake, Irina (2009): Revision of Milichiella Giglio-Tos (Diptera, Milichiidae) 2188. Zootaxa 2188 (1): 1-166, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2188.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2188.1.1
03AB0903FFAEFFC6FF5A65CCBA55FEA9.taxon	description	Milichiella mexicana var. 2: BAHAMAS. San Salvador and Rum Cay Distr.: Rum Cay (23 ° 37 ' 59.88 " N 74 ° 49 ' 59.88 " W), 16. iii. 1953, Hayden & Giovannoli (♂ USNM, 3218641); MEXICO. Sonora: 16.1 km E Navojoa (27 ° 4 '. 12 " N 109 ° 28 '. 12 " W), 13. viii. 1959, Werner & Nutting (4 ♂ 1 ♀ USNM, 3218969 – 73). Milichiella mexicana var. 3: MEXICO. San Luis Potosi: 86.9 km N San Luis Potosi (22 ° 10 '. 12 " N 101 ° 0 ' 0 " W), 4. viii. 1960, Ryckman et al. (♂ 5 ♀ USNM, 3218852, 3218898 – 902). Material of questionable identity: MEXICO. Sonora: 6.4 km E Navojoa (27 ° 4 '. 12 " N 109 ° 28 '. 12 " W), 24. vi. 1960, Ryckman et al. (2 ♂ 11 ♀ USNM, 3218515 – 25, 3218858 – 9). Guanajuato: N San Miguel de Allende (20 ° 55 ' 59.88 " N 100 ° 48 ' 0 " W), 4. viii. 1960, Ryckman et al. (♀ USNM, 3217261); UNITED STATES. California: Imperial Co., Fish Creek Mts, 152 m (32 ° 58 ' 59.88 " N 115 ° 58 ' 59.88 " W), 20. iv. 1955, Mason (♂ CNC, 3217697). Distribution: Middle to northern Mexico with varieties north to California and east to Bahamas. Etymology. The species name, mexicana, is derived from the type locality. Remarks. Milichiella mexicana var. 1 from southern Arizona and California differs from the type series in having a slightly narrower surstylus with a straight anterior margin, variety 2 from Rum Cay, Bahamas differs in having a posteriorly bent surstylus, and variety 3 from San Luis Potosi, Mexico differs in a straight anterior margin on the surstylus. Milichiella mexicana has been reared from Opuntia (Platyopuntia), Pachycereus schottii, Myrtillocactus, and Cereus giganteus (Cactaceae). Specimens of variety 3 have been reared from Myrtillocactus geometrizans. Specimens of variety 2 have been collected in light traps. Milichiella opuntiae Brake, sp. n. (Pl. 2 B, C, H) Diagnosis. Differs from other members of the aethiops - group in the combination of 3 – 4 prsc and light brown calypter. Differs from M. pseudopuntiae in the more densely setulose postgena, mesonotum slightly brown microtomentose, and S 5 more densely setulose and setulae longer. Description. Body length: 3.2 mm; wing length: 3.0 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons black, ocellar triangle slightly black microtomentose, orbital plates shiny black, lunule black, basoflagellomere black, face silvery grey microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum slightly brown microtomentose, scutellum and pleuron same except for shiny spot on an- and katepisternum, wing hyaline, veins brown, brown spot at apex of vein R 1 absent, calypter hyaline with hyaline or light brown margin, halter black, legs black; abdomen with T 2 – 5 black microtomentose except for shiny posterolateral margins of T 2 – 4 and posterior 3 / 4 of T 5. Female coloration and vestiture: halter yellow, abdomen with T 1 – 4 brown microtomentose dorsally, T 5 shiny. Head: frons with 2 orbital and 3 frontal setae, middle frontal seta medioreclinate. In males frons 1.2 x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 3.7 x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin without notch, gradually separating from head margin ventrally. Pl. 2: A. Milichiella pseudopuntiae, surstylus. B – C. M. opuntiae. B. Surstylus; C. Male genitalia, lateral view. D – E. M. peyotei. D. Male genitalia, lateral view; E. Surstylus. F. M. santacatalinae, surstylus. G – J. Male sternite 4 – 5. G. M. pseudopuntiae; H. M. opuntiae; I. M. peyotei; J. M. santacatalinae. Scale bar: 0.1. Thorax: 4 + 1 dc, 4 + 1 prsc, 1 pprn, 2 prs and row of short setae, 1 strong and 2 + 0.8 thinner keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc absent. Wing with veins R 4 + 5 and M weakly convergent (1.9); M-ratio is 1.7. Fore femur densely setulose, tibial organ absent. Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T 1 into T 2 weak. Tergal chaetotaxy: T 2 anterolateral corner with more than 3 lines of setae, T 2 – 5 setulose. S 5 about as long as wide, about 1.3 x as long and 1.1 x as wide as S 4, roughly quadrangular; posterior 2 / 3 setulose (Pl. 2 H). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus shorter than longest epandrial seta, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus as long as epandrium high, slightly bent posteriorly and dilated apically (1.4 x) bent anteriorly, about 6.2 x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface without setulae (Pl. 2 B, C). Special characters: mesonotal setulae scarce, setae long, setae on lunule longer than interfrontal setulae. Holotype, ♂: MEXICO. Queretaro: 12.9 km E Queretaro (20 ° 37 ' 59.88 " N 100 ° 22 ' 59.88 " E), 3. viii. 1960, Ryckman, Ryckman & Christianson (USNM, 3216193), in good condition. Paratypes, same data as HT (60 ♂ 1 ♀ USNM, BMNH, 3216194 – 7, 3216199 – 203, 3216242 – 4, 3216246 – 93, 3216585), 20. vi. 1960 (2 ♂ USNM, 3216198, 3216204); MEXICO. Queretaro: 16.1 km W Queretaro (20 ° 37 ' 59.88 " N 100 ° 22 ' 59.88 " W), 20. vi. 1960, Ryckman et al. (♂ USNM, 3216322). Guanajuato: N San Miguel de Allende (20 ° 55 ' 59.88 " N 100 ° 48 ' 0 " W), 4. viii. 1960, Ryckman et al. (4 ♂ USNM, 3216205 – 8). Specimens near Milichiella opuntiae: MEXICO. Guanajuato: 14.5 km NW León (21 ° 7 '. 12 " N 101 ° 40 '. 12 " W), 20. vi. 1960, Ryckman et al. (♂ USNM, 3218927); N San Miguel de Allende (20 ° 55 ' 59.88 " N 100 ° 48 ' 0 " W), 4. viii. 1960, Ryckman et al. (7 ♀ USNM, 3218720 – 6). Hidalgo: Pachuca, 518 m (20 ° 7 '. 12 " N 98 ° 43 ' 59.88 " W), 29. vii. 1954, Chillcott (♀ CNC, 3218253). Queretaro: 16.1 km W Queretaro (20 ° 37 ' 59.88 " N 100 ° 22 ' 59.88 " W), 20. vi. 1960, Ryckman et al. (4 ♀ USNM, 3218715 – 8); 12.9 km E Queretaro (20 ° 37 ' 59.88 " N 100 ° 22 ' 59.88 " E), 3. viii. 1960, Ryckman et al. (46 ♀ USNM, BMNH, 3218664, 3218669 – 87, 3218689 – 714). Distribution: Middle Mexico. Etymology. The species name, opuntiae, is a genitive noun derived from the Opuntia cactus the species has been reared from. Remarks. Milichiella opuntiae has been reared from Opuntia (Platyopuntia) and Myrtillocactus (Cactaceae). Milichiella pachycerei Brake, sp. n. (Pl. 1 A, D, E) Diagnosis. Differs from other members of the aethiops - group in the combination of slightly brown microtomentose mesonotum and 1 prsc. Description. Body length: 2.3 mm; wing length: 2.0 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates subshiny black with a shiny spot posteriorly on orbital plate, lunule brown, basoflagellomere brown, basomedially yellowish, face greyish microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum slightly brown microtomentose, scutellum and pleuron slightly stronger microtomentose, wing hyaline, veins light brown, brown spot at apex of vein R 1 absent, calypter white, halter black to light brown, legs black, except for lighter bases of tibiae; abdomen with T 2 – 5 brown microtomentose, tip of T 5 slightly brown microtomentose. Female coloration and vestiture: halter yellow, abdomen with T 1 – 4 brown microtomentose dorsally, T 5 shiny. Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta medioreclinate. In males frons 1.3 x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 3.3 x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin without notch, gradually separating from head margin ventrally. Thorax: 3 dc, 1 prsc, 1 pprn, 1 prs, 1 + 0.7 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc absent. Wing with veins R 4 + 5 and M weakly convergent (1.8); M-ratio is 1.6. Fore femur normal setulose, tibial organ absent. Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T 1 into T 2 absent. Tergal chaetotaxy: T 2 anterolateral corner with more than 3 lines of setae, T 2 – 5 setulose. S 5 about 1.2 x as long as wide, 1.4 x as long and 0.9 x as wide as S 4, roughly rectangular with posterior margin indented, posterior 3 / 4 setulose (Pl. 1 E). Male genitalia with hypandrium long, apical seta on cercus longer than epandrial setae, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.7 x as long as epandrium high, slightly dilated posteriorly (1.3 x), 2.9 x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface slightly striate, medial surface without setulae (Pl. 1 A, D). Special characters: gena more than half as wide as antenna, lunula high. Holotype, ♂: MEXICO. Sonora: 20.9 km N Guaymas (27 ° 58 ' 59.88 " N 110 ° 54 ' 0 " W), 29. vi. 1960, Ryckman, Harvey & Ryckman (USNM, 3216367), in good condition. Paratypes, same data as HT (9 ♂ USNM, BMNH, 3216368 – 9, 3216396, 3218652 – 7); MEXICO. Sonora: 8.1 km W Santa Ana (30 ° 31 '. 12 " N 111 ° 7 ' 59.88 " W), 13. iv. 1960, Ryckman et al. (3 ♂ USNM, BMNH, 3216370, 3216373, 3218659). Additional material examined: MEXICO. Sonora: 20.9 km N Guaymas (27 ° 58 ' 59.88 " N 110 ° 54 ' 0 " W), 29. vi. 1960, Ryckman et al. (1 ♂ 5 ♀ USNM, 3216340, 3218658, 3218660 – 3); 8.1 km W Santa Ana (30 ° 31 '. 12 " N 111 ° 7 ' 59.88 " W), 13. iv. 1960, Ryckman et al. (3 ♂ 4 ♀ USNM, BMNH, 3216371, 3218665 – 8, 3219042 – 3); UNITED STATES. Arizona: Maricopa Co., Phoenix (33 ° 25 ' 59.88 " N 112 ° 4 '. 12 " W), 20. iv. 1979, Barber (♂ DEBU, 3218332). Distribution: Mexico (Sonora) and southern adjacent Arizona. Etymology. The species name, pachycerei, is a genitive noun derived from the plant species from which this species has been reared, Pachycereus schottii. Remarks. The type series has been reared from Pachycereus schottii (Cactaceae). Milichiella peyotei Brake, sp. n. (Pl. 2 D, E, I) Diagnosis. Differs from other member of the aethiops - group in the combination of silvery microtomentose face, subshiny mesonotum, 3 + 1 dc and 1 prsc. Description. Body length: 2.9 mm; wing length: 2.9 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny to shiny black, ocellar triangle slightly brown microtomentose, orbital plates subshiny to shiny, lunule black, basoflagellomere basomedially yellow, face silvery microtomentose, palpus brown; thorax with mesonotum subshiny (very slightly brown microtomentose), scutellum and pleuron brown microtomentose except for shiny spot on an- and katepisternum, wing hyaline, veins light brown, brown spot at apex of vein R 1 absent, calypter hyaline, halter black, legs black; abdomen with T 2 – 4 brown microtomentose except for shiny posterolateral corners, T 5 shiny black except for microtomentose anterior margin. Female coloration and vestiture: palpus yellow, halter yellow, abdomen with T 2 – 4 and anterior margin of T 5 brown microtomentose, tip of T 5 shiny. Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2 + 0.5 frontal setae, middle frontal seta medioreclinate. In males frons? x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 3.6 x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin without notch, gradually separating from head margin ventrally. Thorax: 3 + 1 dc, 1 prsc, 1 pprn, 1 + 0.6 prs and row of short setae, 1 + 0.8 + 0.7 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc present. Wing with veins R 4 + 5 and M convergent (3.3); M-ratio is 1.6. Fore femur slightly more densely setulose, tibial organ absent. Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T 1 into T 2 absent. Tergal chaetotaxy: T 2 anterolateral corner with more than 3 lines of setae, T 2 – 5 setulose. S 5 1.3 x as long as wide, 1.2 x as long and 1.0 x as wide as S 4, roughly triangular with posterior margin indented, posterior 2 / 3 setulose (Pl. 2 I). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus as long as longest epandrial seta, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.8 x as long as epandrium high, dilated apically (1.7 x), bent posteriorly, 7.3 x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface without setulae (Pl. 2 D, E). Special characters: female palpus enlarged and bright yellow. Holotype, ♂: MEXICO. San Luis Potosi: Huisache (22 ° 55 '. 12 " N 100 ° 25 '. 12 " W), 5. i. 1971, Bejatano (USNM, 3218981), in good condition. Paratypes, same data as HT (3 ♂ 7 ♀ USNM, BMNH, 3218982 – 91). Distribution: Middle Mexico. Etymology. The species name, peyotei, is derived from the plant, peyote, from which this species was reared. Remarks. All specimens were reared from peyote, Lophophora williamsii (Cactaceae). Milichiella pseudopuntiae Brake, sp. n. (Pl. 2 A, G) Diagnosis. Differs from M. opuntiae in the less setulose postgena, mesonotum subshiny, and S 5 less setulose and setulae shorter. Description. Body length: 2.3 mm; wing length: 2.2 – 2.4 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle slightly brown microtomentose between ocelli, but tips and orbital plates shiny black, lunule black, basoflagellomere black, face silvery microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum subshiny (very slightly brown microtomentose), scutellum and pleuron slightly brown microtomentose except for shiny spot on an- and katepisternum, wing hyaline, veins brown, brown spot at apex of vein R 1 absent, calypter hyaline with hyaline or light brown margin, halter black, legs black; abdomen with T 2 – 5 black microtomentose except for shiny posterolateral margins of T 2 – 4 and posterior 3 / 4 of T 5. Female coloration and vestiture: halter base of knob yellow, rest brown, abdomen with T 1 – 4 brown microtomentose dorsally, T 5 shiny. Head: frons with 2 orbital and 3 frontal setae, middle frontal seta medioreclinate. In males frons 2.2 x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 3.0 x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin without notch, gradually separating from head margin ventrally. Thorax: 3 + 1 dc, 3 + 1, 4 + 1 prsc, 1 pprn, 1 prs and row of short setae, 1 + 0.8 or 2 + 0.8 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc absent. Wing with veins R 4 + 5 and M convergent (2.0); M-ratio is 2.0. Fore femur slightly more densely setulose, tibial organ absent. Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T 1 into T 2 weak. Tergal chaetotaxy: T 2 anterolateral corner with more than 3 lines of setae, T 2 – 5 setulose. S 5 1.3 x as long as wide, 1.4 x as long and 1.0 x as wide as S 4, roughly rectangular, posterior margin indented, posterior 2 / 3 setulose (Pl. 2 G). Male genitalia with 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 1.3 x as long as epandrium high, bent posteriorly and tip slightly bent anteriorly, dilated apically (1.1 – 1.2 x), 6.4 – 6.5 x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface without setulae (Pl. 2 A). Special characters: mesonotal setulae scarce, setae on lunule longer than interfrontal setulae.. Holotype, ♂: MEXICO. Sonora: 6.4 km E Navojoa (27 ° 4 '. 12 " N 109 ° 28 '. 12 " W), 24. vi. 1960, Ryckman, Harvey & Ryckman (USNM, 3216228), in good condition. Paratypes, same data as HT (48 ♂ 32 ♀ USNM, BMNH, CNC, 3216214 – 27, 3216229, 3216231 – 2, 3216234 – 9, 3216295 – 316, 3216318 – 9, 3216321, 3216323 – 37, 3216345 – 6, 3216348 – 58, 3216397, 3218535 – 7); MEXICO. Durango: 149.7 km N Durango City (24 ° 1 '. 12 " N 104 ° 40 '. 12 " W), 18. vi. 1960, Ryckman et al. (2 ♂ 3 ♀ USNM, 3216211 – 2, 3216338 – 9, 3218538). Puebla: 6.4 km S Acatlan (18 ° 12 ' 0 " N 98 ° 3 ' 0 " W), 2. viii. 1960, Ryckman et al. (♀ USNM, 3216341). San Luis Potosi: 86.9 km N San Luis Potosi (22 ° 10 '. 12 " N 101 ° 0 ' 0 " W), 4. viii. 1960, Ryckman et al. (2 ♂ USNM, 3216209 – 10); UNITED STATES. Arizona: Pima Co., Tuscon (32 ° 13 '. 12 " N 110 ° 55 '. 12 " W), 7. iv. 1980, Marshall (♂ DEBU, 3217648). California: Los Angeles Co., Pomona, San Dimas Canyon (34 ° 3 ' 0 " N 117 ° 45 ' 0 " W), 13. xii. 1959, Ryckman & Olsen (♂ USNM, 3216294); San Bernardino Co., 8.1 km N San Bernardino (34 ° 4 ' 59.88 " N 117 ° 16 '. 12 " E), 9. vi. 1960, Ryckman et al. (♀ USNM, 3216343); San Bernardino (34 ° 4 ' 59.88 " N 117 ° 16 '. 12 " W), 6. vi. 1960, Ryckman et al. (♂ USNM, 3216241). Additional material examined: MEXICO. Chihuahua: 32.2 km N Meoqui (28 ° 18 ' 0 " N 105 ° 30 ' 0 " W), 17. vi. 1960, Ryckman et al. (♂ USNM, 3216240). Sonora: 16.1 km E Navojoa (27 ° 4 '. 12 " N 109 ° 28 '. 12 " W), 13. viii. 1959, Werner & Nutting (2 ♂ 2 ♀ USNM, 3218911, 3218934 – 6); UNITED STATES. Arizona: Yavapai Co., Cleator (34 ° 16 '. 12 " N 112 ° 13 '. 12 " E), 19. vi. 1951, Wheeler (2 ♂ 2 ♀ USNM, 3218907 – 10). California: Los Angeles Co., San Dimas Canyon (34 ° 13 '. 12 " N 117 ° 45 ' 0 " E), 24. xi. 1957, Christianson & Fonseca (♂ USNM, 3218932); Riverside Co., 8.1 km S Loma Linda (34 ° 1 ' 59.88 " N 117 ° 15 ' 0 " W), 18. x. 1959, Ryckman & Olsen (2 ♀ USNM, 3216342, 3218539). Texas: Bexar Co., San Antonio (29 ° 25 '. 12 " N 98 ° 28 ' 59.88 " W), 3. iv. 1942, Melander (♂ USNM, 3218933). Material of questionable identity: UNITED STATES. Texas: Kimble Co., Llano River (30 ° 37 '. 12 " N 100 ° 25 ' 59.88 " W), 23. v. 1972, Wirth (3 ♀ USNM, 3218941 – 3). Distribution: California to Texas, south to middle Mexico. Etymology. The species name, pseudopuntiae, denotes the similarity of this species to M. opuntiae. Remarks. Milichiella pseudopuntiae has been collected in light and Malaise traps and reared from Opuntia (Platyopuntia), Opuntia occidentalis, Pachycereus sp., Myrtillocactus geometrizans and Echinocactus polycephalus (Cactaceae). Milichiella santacatalinae Brake, sp. n. (Pl. 2 F, J) Diagnosis. Differs from other members of the aethiops - group in the combination of yellowish palpus, subshiny mesonotum and yellow halter. Description. Body length: 2.8 mm; wing length: 2.4 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates subshiny black, lunule yellow, basoflagellomere basomedially yellowish, face grey microtomentose, palpus yellowish; thorax with mesonotum subshiny, scutellum and pleuron slightly brown microtomentose except for shiny spot on an- and katepisternum, wing hyaline, veins light brown, brown spot at apex of vein R 1 absent, calypter white, halter yellow, legs black except for base and tip of fore and mid tibia and all basitarsi; abdomen with T 2 – 4 brown microtomentose except for shiny posterolateral corners, T 5 shiny black except for microtomentose anterior margin. Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta medioreclinate. In males frons 1.8 x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 2.7 x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin without notch, gradually separating from head margin ventrally. Thorax: 2 dc, 1 prsc, 1 pprn, 1 prs, 2 keps setae, posterior prsc less than 0.8 x as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc absent. Wing with veins R 4 + 5 and M convergent (2.5); M-ratio is 2.5. Fore femur normal setulose, tibial organ absent. Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T 1 into T 2 weak. Tergal chaetotaxy: T 2 anterolateral corner with more than 3 lines of setae, T 2 – 5 setulose. S 5 0.9 x as long as wide, 1.1 x as long and 1.0 x as wide as S 4, roughly rectangular with posterior margin indented, posterior 2 / 3 setulose (Pl. 2 J). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus shorter than longest epandrial seta, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus? x as long as epandrium high, dilated posteriorly (2.1 x), straight, about 7.8 x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface without setulae (Pl. 2 F). Special characters: setae on lunule as long as interfrontal setulae. Holotype, ♂: UNITED STATES. Arizona: Apache Co., Santa Catalina Mts., Molina Basin, 1341 m (34 ° 6 ' 0 " N 109 ° 10 ' 59.88 " W), 8. vii. 1972, Sluss (CNC, 3217693), in good condition. Paratypes, same data as HT (3 ♂ CNC, USNM, 3217694 – 6). Material of questionable identity: MEXICO. Nuevo León: Vallecillo (26 ° 40 '. 12 " N 99 ° 58 '. 12 " W), 2 – 5. vi. 1951, Hurd (♀ USNM, 3218755); UNITED STATES. Arizona: Pima Co., Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument (park) (32 ° 1 ' 59.88 " N 112 ° 52 '. 12 " W), 15. iv. 1947, Melander (4 ♂ USNM, 3218959 – 62). Distribution. Arizona,? Mexico (Nuevo León). Etymology. The species name, santacatalinae, is a genitive noun derived from the type locality.	en	Brake, Irina (2009): Revision of Milichiella Giglio-Tos (Diptera, Milichiidae) 2188. Zootaxa 2188 (1): 1-166, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2188.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2188.1.1
03AB0903FFA7FFE4FF5A66C6BE3CFC07.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Old World. Milichiella aldabrae Brake, sp. n. (Pl. 3 A, D) Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of brown microtomentose mesonotum and posterolateral corners of S 5 developed into shiny lappets with long setae. Description. Body length: 2.3 mm; wing length: 2.4 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons brown, ocellar triangle and orbital plates brown microtomentose, frontal plates greyish, lunule black, basoflagellomere black, face greyish microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum brown microtomentose, scutellum and pleuron same, except for shiny spots on an- and katepisternum, wing hyaline, veins brown, brown spot at apex of vein R 1 weak, calypter brown, halter black, legs black except for yellow tip of fore tibia and all basitarsi; abdomen with T 2 – 5 silvery microtomentose. Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 2.8 x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 4.6 x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with wide notch (7 om) and narrow emargination (1 om). Thorax: 2, 3 or 3 + 1 dc, 1 prsc, 1 pprn, 1 + 0.7 prs, 2 + 0.7 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc present. Wing with veins R 4 + 5 and M weakly convergent (1.8 – 2.0); M-ratio is 2.4 – 2.5. Fore femur normal setulose, tibial organ absent. Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T 1 into T 2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T 2 anterolateral corner with 2 - 3 lines of setae, T 2 – 5 posterior margin with 1 row of setulae. S 5 1.4 x as long as wide, 1.4 x as long and 1.9 x as wide as S 4; with scarce but long setae, posterolateral corners developed into shiny lappets with long setae (Pl. 3 D). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus longer than epandrial setae, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 1.1 x as long as epandrium high, bent posteriorly, dilated apically (1.6 x), 8.9 x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface without setulae (Pl. 3 A). Holotype, ♂: SEYCHELLES. Aldabra: Picard, trail to Bassin Labine (9 ° 25 '. 12 " S 46 ° 19 ' 59.88 " E), 20. iii. 1986, Mathis (USNM, 3216123), in good condition. Paratypes (BMNH unless otherwise stated), same data as HT (♂ USNM, 3216124). SEYCHELLES. Aldabra: South I., Cinq Cases (9 ° 25 ' 59.88 " S 46 ° 22 ' 59.88 " E), 3 – 16. i. 1968, Cogan & Hutson (26 ♂ BMNH, USNM, NMP, 3218756 – 7, 3218759 – 74, 3218776 – 83); Dune D’Messe (9 ° 46 '. 12 " S 47 ° 34 ' 59.88 " E), 21. iii. 1968, Cogan & Hutson (3 ♂, 3218800 – 2); Takamaka Grove (9 ° 46 '. 12 " S 47 ° 34 ' 59.88 " E), 1 – 17. ii. 1968, Cogan & Hutson (♂, 3218809), 23 – 27. ii. 1968 (6 ♂, 3218803 – 8); West I., near Settlement (9 ° 22 '. 12 " S 46 ° 13 '. 12 " E), 7 – 12. iii. 1968, Cogan & Hutson (9 ♂, 3218784 – 92); Astove I. (10 ° 6 ' 0 " S 47 ° 45 ' 0 " E), 5. iii. 1968, Cogan & Hutson (♂, 3218799); Cosmoledo Atoll: Wizard I. (9 ° 43 ' 59.88 " S 47 ° 37 ' 59.88 " E), 6. iii. 1968, Cogan & Hutson (6 ♂, 3218793 – 8); Mahe: Beau Vallon (4 ° 36 ' 0 " S 55 ° 25 '. 12 " E), 4. xi. 1977, David & Tsacas (♂, 3215794). Distribution. Seychelles. Etymology. The species name, aldabrae, is a genitive noun derived from the type locality. Remarks. Milichiella aldabrae has been collected around coconut plantations, on pits in champignon (Agaricus bisporus, Agaricaceae), from Pandanus (Pandanaceae) and at light. Pl. 3: A – C. Male genitalia, lateral view. A. Milichiella aldabrae; B. M. sumptuosa; C. M. formosae. D – F. Male sternite 4 – 5. D. M. aldabrae; E. M. sumptuosa; F. M. formosae. Scale bar: 0.1.	en	Brake, Irina (2009): Revision of Milichiella Giglio-Tos (Diptera, Milichiidae) 2188. Zootaxa 2188 (1): 1-166, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2188.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2188.1.1
03AB0903FFA7FFE4FF5A66C6BE3CFC07.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of brown microtomentose mesonotum, 2 + 1 dc, calypter with brown margin, black legs, and silvery microtomentose male T 2 – 5. Description. Body length: 2.6 mm; wing length: 2.4 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates shiny black, lunule black, basoflagellomere black, face brown or greyish microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum brown microtomentose but less so than scutellum, scutellum and pleuron brown except for shiny spots on an- and katepisternum, wing hyaline, brown spot at apex of vein R 1 weak, calypter hyaline with brown margin, halter black, legs black; abdomen with T 2 – 5 silvery microtomentose. Female coloration and vestiture: halter yellow, abdomen with T 2 – 4 brown microtomentose dorsally, T 5 shiny except for microtomentose anterior margin. Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2 + 0.5 frontal setae, middle frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 2.7 x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 3.7 x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with wide notch (5 – 6 om, female: 4 – 5 om) and narrow emargination (1 – 2 om). Thorax: 2 + 1 dc, 2 prsc, 1 + 0.8 pprn, 1 + 0.7 prs, 2 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc present. Wing with veins R 4 + 5 and M convergent (2.2); M-ratio is 2.1. Fore femur slightly more densely setulose, tibial organ?. Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T 1 into T 2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T 2 anterolateral corner mostly with 2 lines of setae but triangular extension with more setae, T 2 – 5 with one row of setulae at posterior margin. S 5 1.3 x as long as wide, 1.9 x as long and 2.6 x as wide as S 4, setulose, posterior margin slightly indented (Pl. 4 C). Male genitalia with 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.8 x as long as epandrium high, dilated posteroapically (1.6 x), 3.4 x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface with 3 – 5 setulae along anterior margin moving medially basally (Pl. 4 A – B). Pl. 4: A – C. Milichiella argentea, male. A. Hypandrium, ventral view; B. Genitalia, lateral view; C. Sternite 4 and 5. Scale bar: 0.1. Drawings by L. Papp. Special characters: palpus relatively wide. Material examined: INDONESIA. Maluku: Seram, Manusela National Park, Solea, Uncarya (2 ° 51 ' S, 129 ° 33 ' E), 1 – 31. viii. 1987, Day (2 ♂ 7 ♀ BMNH, 3216127 – 35); Sulawesi Tengah: nr. Morowali, Ranu River Area (1 ° 52 '. 12 " S 121 ° 30 ' 0 " E), 27. i. – 20. iv. 1980 (2 ♀ BMNH, 3216136 – 7); PAPUA NEW GUINEA. Simbang, Huon Gulf (6 ° 34 ' 59.88 " S 147 ° 49 ' 59.88 " E), 1898, Biró (5 ♂ HNHM, 3218475 – 9); Northern: Kokoda, 61 m (8 ° 52 '. 12 " S 147 ° 43 ' 59.88 " E), 1 – 30. iv. 1933, Cheesman (2 ♂ BMNH, 3216125 – 6). Distribution: Sulawesi, Moluccas and New Guinea. Remarks. The type specimen was last seen by Becker (1907) in the Kiel Museum, but only parts of the thorax, halter, calypter and one wing were left. This specimen is now apparently lost. The species is not identifiable from the description, but Becker found a male from New Guinea in HNHM, which he identified as M. argentea based on the description and comparison with the type. There are actually 4 males and not just one in the HNHM and the species description is based on these specimens. In many collections the name M. argentea has been used for a number of different species with a silvery abdomen. All identifications should therefore be treated with caution. Becker used the above mentioned specimens from New Guinea to propose the synonymy of M. melaleuca (probably based on Loew's description) and M. argentea. However, he neglected the difference in wing colour and M. melaleuca is therefore resurrected from synonymy with M. argentea. Milichiella argentea was collected in Malaise traps.	en	Brake, Irina (2009): Revision of Milichiella Giglio-Tos (Diptera, Milichiidae) 2188. Zootaxa 2188 (1): 1-166, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2188.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2188.1.1
03AB0903FFA7FFE4FF5A66C6BE3CFC07.taxon	description	Milichiella sp. A (Pl. 5 I) Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of brown microtomentose mesonotum, 2 dc, 1 pprn, brown calypter, black legs, and silvery microtomentose male T 2 – 5. Description. Body length: 2.5 mm; wing length: 2.7 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates shiny black, lunule black, basoflagellomere black, face brown microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum brown microtomentose, scutellum and pleuron same, except for shiny spots on an- and katepisternum, wing hyaline, veins light brown, brown spot at apex of vein R 1 absent, calypter brown or light brown, with yellow hairs, halter black, legs black; abdomen with T 2 – 5 silvery microtomentose. Female coloration and vestiture: halter black, abdomen with T 2 – 4 brown microtomentose, T 5 shiny. Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2 + 0.5 frontal setae, middle frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 2.8 x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 3.7 x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with notch (6 om, female 4 om) and emargination (1 – 2 om). Thorax: 2 dc, 1 prsc, 1 pprn, 1 + 0.7 prs, 2 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc present. Wing with veins R 4 + 5 and M convergent (2.1); M-ratio is 1.7. Fore femur densely setulose, tibial organ absent. Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T 1 into T 2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T 2 anterolateral corner with 2 – 3 lines of setae, T 2 – 5 posterior margin with one row of setulae. S 5 1.2 x as long as wide, 1.7 x as long and 2.6 x as wide as S 4, roughly triangular shape, setulose with more and longer setulae at posterior margin. Male genitalia similar to M. unicolor, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.7 x as long as epandrium high, bent posteriorly, dilated apically (1.5 x), 3.2 x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface with 4 – 5 setulae along anterior margin moving medially basally (Pl. 5 I). Special characters: palpus relatively wide. Material examined: SOLOMON IS. Guadalcanal: Guadalcanal (9 ° 31 ' 59.88 " S 160 ° 12 ' 0 " E), 1944, Berg (3 ♂ 1 ♀ USNM, 3215985 – 8). Distribution: Solomon Islands. Remarks. Milichiella sp. A is very similar to M. argentea and probably represents a variety of this species. Pl. 5: A – B. Male genitalia, lateral view. A. Milichiella pseudodectes, LT. B. M. ugandae. C – D. M. asiatica. C. Surstylus; D. Male sternite 4 and 5. E – G. Male sternite 4 and 5. E. M. pseudodectes, LT; F. M. ugandae; G. M. angolae. H – I. Surstylus. H. M. angolae; I. M. sp. A. Scale bar: 0.1. Milichiella angolae Brake, sp. n. (Pl. 5 G, H) Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of shiny black ocellar triangle, brown microtomentose mesonotum, 2 prsc, yellow distal tip of fore and mid tibia, silvery microtomentose male T 2 – 5, and elongated shape of the surstylus. Description. Body length: 2.9 mm; wing length: 2.9 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and upper orbital plates shiny black, lunule black, basoflagellomere black, face greyish brown microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum brown microtomentose, but less so than scutellum, scutellum and pleuron brown except for shiny spots on an-and katepisternum, wing hyaline, veins yellow, brown spot at apex of vein R 1 absent, calypter hyaline, halter black, legs black except for distal tip of fore and mid tibia yellow basitarsi; abdomen with T 2 – 5 silvery microtomentose. Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2 + 0.5 frontal setae, middle frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 2.2 x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 4.0 x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with notch (5 om) and emargination (2 om). Thorax: 2 dc, 2 prsc, 1 + 0.8 pprn, 1 + 0.4 prs, 2 + 0.7 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc present. Wing with veins R 4 + 5 and M convergent (2.1); M-ratio is 2.2. Fore femur normal setulose, tibial organ absent. Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T 1 into T 2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T 2 anterolateral corner with 2 – 3 lines of setae, T 2 – 5 posterior margin with 1 row of scarce setulae. S 5 1.3 – 1.4 x as long as wide, 1.9 – 2.2 x as long and 1.8 – 2.5 x as wide as S 4; setulose, posterior margin only slightly indented (Pl. 5 G). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus as long as longest epandrial seta, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus about as long as epandrium high, dilated apically (1.6 – 2.0 x), 5.4 – 7.1 x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface with 3 – 5 setae along anterior margin moving medially basally (Pl. 5 H). Holotype, ♂: ANGOLA. Santa Cruz Mission (12 ° 30 ' 0 " N 18 ° 30 ' 0 " E), 13. viii. 1952, Munro (USNM, 3215936), in good condition, original label: " Santa Cruz / Mission; Angola. / 13.8.52. / Carp Exp: Munro. [P] ". Paratypes, same data as HT (2 ♂ USNM, 3215935, 3215937); ZIMBABWE. Matetsi (18 ° 16 '. 12 " S 25 ° 55 ' 59.88 " E), 1. xi. 1933, Stevenson (♂ BMNH, 3215920); 1. xii. 1933 (♂ BMNH, 3215921). Distribution. Angola, Zimbabwe. Etymology. The species name, angolae, is a genitive noun derived from the type locality.	en	Brake, Irina (2009): Revision of Milichiella Giglio-Tos (Diptera, Milichiidae) 2188. Zootaxa 2188 (1): 1-166, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2188.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2188.1.1
03AB0903FFA7FFE4FF5A66C6BE3CFC07.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of slightly brown microtomentose mesonotum, 2 prsc, white wing and calypter, yellow narrow bases and tips of tibiae as well as long silvery microtomentum on male T 2 – 5. Description. Body length: 2.6 – 3.1 mm; wing length: 2.3 – 2.4 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates shiny black, lunule black, basoflagellomere black, face greyish microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum slightly brown microtomentose, scutellum brown microtomentose, pleuron slightly brown microtomentose with shiny spots on anepisternum and katepisternum, wing white, brown spot at apex of vein R 1 absent, calypter white, halter black, legs black except for yellow narrow bases and tips of tibiae and bases of tarsi (var.: legs darker); abdomen with T 2 – 5 silvery microtomentose. Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 2.0 x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 4.3 x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with notch (5 – 6 om) and slight emargination (1 – 2 om). Thorax: 2 dc (var.: 2 + 1), 2 prsc, 1 + 0.5 pprn, 1 + 0.8 prs, 3 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc present. Wing with veins R 4 + 5 and M convergent (3.0); Mratio is 1.9. Fore femur normal setulose, tibial organ absent. Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T 1 into T 2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T 2 anterolateral corner with 2 – 3 lines of setae, T 2 – 5 posterior margin with 1 – 2 rows of setulae. S 5 1.2 x as long as wide, 1.7 x as long and 2.1 x as wide as S 4; setulose, posterior margin indented (Pl. 6 G). Male genitalia similar to M. nigeriae, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.6 x as long as epandrium high, bent posteriorly, dilated apically (1.7 x), 2.5 x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface with 3 – 5 setulae along anterior margin moving medially basally (Pl. 6 C). Special characters: silvery microtomentum long. Material examined: EGYPT. Wadi Kanssisrob, Gebel Elba (22 ° 12 ' N, 36 ° 20 ' E), 1. iv. – 31. v. 1929, Tewfik (4 ♂, USNM, 3215993 – 6), [topotypes]. YEMEN. Suqutra: Hadipo Pl. (12 ° 30 ' 0 " N 54 ° 0 ' 0 " E), 9. iv. 1967, Guichard (6 ♂ BMNH, 3215929 – 34). Milichiella argentiventris var.: MALAWI. 35 km SE Monkey Bay on road to Mangochi, 500 m (14 ° 4 ' 59.88 " S 34 ° 55 '. 12 " E), 12. xii. 1980, Londt & Stuckenberg (♂ NMP, 3219068). Southern: Zomba, 914 m (15 ° 22 '. 12 " S 35 ° 22 '. 12 " E), 1 – 30. xi. 1927, Smee (3 ♂ BMNH, 3215917 – 9); SOUTH AFRICA. KwaZulu- Natal: Ingwavuma Distr., Tongaland, near Pongola Poort 2732 AC (27 ° 27 ' S, 32 ° 3 ' E), 27. ii. 1971, Stuckenberg & Stuckenberg (3 ♂ NMP, BMNH, 3216170, 3219065 – 6); Natal, Dukuduku Forest Reserve (28 ° 22 ' 59.88 " S 32 ° 19 '. 12 " E), 18 – 19. vii. 1981, Londt & Stuckenberg (♂ NMP, 3219067). Material of questionable identity: SOUTH AFRICA. Cape: 4 km NE Steytlerville, Noorspoort Hillside, 600 m (33 ° 18 ' S, 24 ° 23 ' E), 22. xi. 1990, Londt & Wittington (♂ NMP, 3219069). Specimens near Milichiella argentiventris: NIGERIA. Niger: Mokwa (9 ° 19 '. 12 " N 5 ° 0 ' 0 " E), 21. i. 1977, Johnson (♂ USNM, 3215997), 30. vii. 1977 (1 ♂ 1 ♀ USNM, 3215998). Distribution. Egypt and Yemen, varieties in Malawi and South Africa. Remarks. The 3 syntypes are probably in CUGE. However 4 specimens from the same series are deposited in USNM and were used for species characterization. There is a variety with 2 + 1 dc and darker legs collected from mixed woodlands and forest margins in South Africa and Malawi. Nigerian specimens near Milichiella argentiventris were reared from rotten yam tubers (Dioscoreaceae). Pl. 6: A. Milichiella triangula, surstylus. B. M. nigripes, male genitalia, lateral view. C – D. Surstylus. C. M. argentiventris; D. M. solitaria; E – H. Male sternite 4 and 5. E. M. triangula; F. M. nigripes; G. M. argentiventris; H. M. solitaria. Scale bar: 0.1.	en	Brake, Irina (2009): Revision of Milichiella Giglio-Tos (Diptera, Milichiidae) 2188. Zootaxa 2188 (1): 1-166, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2188.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2188.1.1
03AB0903FFA7FFE4FF5A66C6BE3CFC07.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of 1 pprn, calypter hyaline with light brown margin, black legs, silvery microtomentose male T 2 – 5, in the shape and shorter setae of the surstylus. Description. Body length: 3.5 mm; wing length: 3.0 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates shiny black, lunule?, basoflagellomere black, face?, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum slightly to normally brown microtomentose, scutellum and pleuron brown microtomentose, wing hyaline, veins light brown, brown spot at apex of vein R 1 absent, calypter hyaline with light brown margin, halter black, legs black except for brown basitarsi; abdomen with T 2 – 5 silvery microtomentose. Head: frons with? orbital and? frontal setae, anterior frontal seta?. In males frons? x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about? x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista?, posterior eye margin with notch (7 om) and emargination (2 om). Pl. 7: A – B. Male genitalia, lateral view. A. Milichiella tiefii. B. M. argyrogaster, LT. C. M. argyrogaster, LT, surstylus. D. M. sterkstrooma, male genitalia, lateral view. E – G. Male sternites 4 and 5. E. M. tiefii; F. M. argyrogaster, LT; G. M. sterkstrooma. Scale bar: 0.1. Thorax: 2 + 1? dc,? prsc, 1 pprn, 1 + 0.8 setae prs and row of shorter setae,? keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc present. Wing with veins R 4 + 5 and M convergent (2.4); M-ratio is 2.2. Fore femur densely setulose, tibial organ absent. Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T 1 into T 2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T 2 anterolateral corner with 1 – 2 lines of setae, T 2 – 5 posterior margin with 1 row of setulae. S 5 about as long as wide,? x as long and 2.7 x as wide as S 4, nearly heart shaped, setulose ({l. 7 F). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus as long as longest epandrial seta, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus about as long as epandrium high, bent posteriorly, dilated apically (2.6 x), apex flat, 6.7 x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface with line of setae near anterior margin (Pl. 7 B, C). Lectotype, ♂: FRANCE. Landes (44 ° 0 ' 0 " N 0 ° 52 '. 12 " W), 15. vi. 1874, Perris (MNHNP, 3219070), in relatively good condition, head deformed, abdomen dissected, original labels: " MUSEUM PARIS [P] / Landes / Perris. [H] ", " Milichiella / argyrogastra / Perris [H] / E. SÉGUY det. 19 [P] 32 [H ". Milichiella argyrogaster was described from 3 specimens. There is one probable type in MNHNP. The specimen fits the description and appears to be very old, however, both the locality label as well as the identification label were written by Séguy. I here designate this specimen as the lectotype. Distribution. France. Milichiella asiatica Brake, sp. n. (Pl. 5 C, D) Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of brown microtomentose mesonotum and male T 2 – 5 silvery microtomentose except for brown microtomentose spot in middle of T 2. Description. Body length: 2.7 – 3.5 mm; wing length: 2.7 – 3.1 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates with shiny spots, lunule black, basoflagellomere black, face brown microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum brown microtomentose, scutellum and pleuron same, except for shiny spots on anepisternum and katepisternum, wing hyaline, veins brown, brown spot at apex of vein R 1 weak or absent, calypter yellowish white, halter black, legs black except for yellow basitarsi, fore and hind tarsus with yellow brush; abdomen with T 2 – 5 silvery microtomentose except for brown microtomentose spot in middle of T 2, anterolateral corner of T 2 and shiny black posterolateral corner of T 5, in some specimens there is also a smaller brown spot in middle of T 3. Female coloration and vestiture: halter yellow, abdomen with T 2 – 4 brown microtomentose, T 5 shiny. Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2 + 0.5 frontal setae, middle frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 2.0 – 2.3 x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 4.0 – 4.6 x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with wide notch (5 – 7 om, female: 4 – 5 om) and emargination (1 – 3 om). Thorax: 2 dc, 2 prsc, 2 pprn, 1 + 0.4 prs, 2 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc present. Wing with veins R 4 + 5 and M convergent (2.1 – 3.0); M-ratio is 1.5 – 1.8. Fore femur slightly more densely setulose, tibial organ absent. Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T 1 into T 2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T 2 anterolateral corner with 2 – 3 lines of setae, T 2 posterior margin with 2 – 3 rows, T 3 – 4 with 1 – 2 rows of relatively long setulae, T 5 silvery part setulose on posterior half with row of relatively long setae near posterior margin, T 5 shiny parts with long setae. S 5 1.2 x as long as wide, 2.0 x as long and 2.2 x as wide as S 4, posterior margin indented, setulose on posterior half (Pl. 5 D). Male genitalia similar to M. unicolor, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.5 – 0.8 x as long as epandrium high, bent posteriorly, dilated apically (1.6 – 1.7 x), 2.4 – 3.7 x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface with 3 – 5 setulae along anterior margin moving medially basally (Pl. 5 C). Puparium: Empty puparium reddish brown, subshiny to almost dull. Anterior (thoracic) part dorsoventrally compressed with shallow but distinct lateral depressions on at least dorsal side. Anterior spiracles with 9 spiracular lobes (papillae). Holotype, ♂: TAIWAN. Taipei: Yangmingshan (25 ° 9 ' 0 " N 121 ° 33 ' 0 " E), 22. viii. 1980, Cranston (BMNH, 3216107), in good condition. Paratypes, same data as HT (3 ♂ BMNH, DEI, 3216108 – 10); INDONESIA. Java: Yogyakarta (7 ° 48 ' 0 " S 110 ° 24 ' 0 " E), Overbeck (♂ SMTD, 3216111). Maluku: Ternate (0 ° 48 ' 0 " N 127 ° 22 ' 59.88 " E), 10. viii. 1954, Alston (♂ BMNH, 3216101); MALAYSIA. Selangor: Sepang (2 ° 40 ' 59.88 " N 101 ° 43 ' 59.88 " E), 1. iii. 1935 (4 ♀ BMNH, 3216102 – 5); Serdang (2 ° 30 ' 0 " N 112 ° 30 ' 0 " E), 16. x. 1930, Corbett (♂ BMNH, 3216097); Serdang (2 ° 30 ' 0 " N 112 ° 30 ' 0 " E), 7. iv. 1936 (2 ♂ 1 ♀ & 2 puparia BMNH, 3216098 – 00); PHILIPPINES. Manila: Manila (14 ° 37 '. 12 " N 120 ° 58 '. 12 " E), 1 – 31. x. 1914 (2 ♂ USNM, 3216141 – 2); THAILAND. Chiang Mai: Chiang Mai (18 ° 48 ' 0 " N 98 ° 58 ' 59.88 " E), 26. iv. – 31. v. 1952, Thurman & Thurman (♂ USNM, 3215984). Krung Thep Mahanakhon: Bangkoknoi, Thonburi (13 ° 43 '. 12 " N 100 ° 27 ' 0 " E), 5 – 6. v. 1959, Manop (♂ USNM, 3215962); Makasan, Bangkok (13 ° 43 ' 59.88 " N 100 ° 30 ' 0 " E), 11 – 12. v. 1959, Manop [?] (♂ USNM, 3215961), 1 – 31. vii. 1932, Smith (18 ♂ USNM, HNHM, 3216151 – 68), 25. ix. 1977, Yasumatsu (7 ♂ USNM, 3215976, 3215978 – 83), 30. vi. 1934, Smith (7 ♂ USNM, 3216143 – 9). Material of questionable identity: INDIA. Karnataka: Bangalore, Hebbal (12 ° 58 '. 12 " N 77 ° 34 ' 59.88 " E), 26 – 27. x. 1978, L. T. & J. B. (♂ BMNH, 3216106). Tamil Nadu: Yercaud, near Salem, 1372 m (11 ° 39 ' 0 " N 78 ° 10 '. 12 " E), 6. iv. 1962, Spencer (♂ CNC, 3217127); INDONESIA. Java: Yogyakarta (7 ° 48 ' 0 " S 110 ° 24 ' 0 " E), 1 – 30. vi. 1932, Overbeck (2 ♂ SMTD, 3215989 – 90), 1 – 28. ii. 1933 (♀ SMTD, 3215992), 1 – 31. v. 1934 (♂ SMTD, 3215991); MALAYSIA. Kuala Lumpur: Kuala Lumpur (3 ° 10 '. 12 " N 101 ° 42 ' 0 " E), 8. viii. 1958, Traub (♂ USNM, 3215975). Distribution: Thailand to Taiwan, south to Java and Moluccas,? India. Etymology. The species name, asiatica, is an adjective derived from the Asian distribution of the species. Remarks. Milichiella asiatica has been collected on Elaeis guineensis Jacquin (oil palm, Arecaceae) fruits, on rotting stems of oil palm (Arecaceae), rotting manure, and at light.	en	Brake, Irina (2009): Revision of Milichiella Giglio-Tos (Diptera, Milichiidae) 2188. Zootaxa 2188 (1): 1-166, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2188.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2188.1.1
03AB0903FFA7FFE4FF5A66C6BE3CFC07.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of slightly brown microtomentose mesonotum, 2 dc, 2 prsc, brown calypter, male T 2 – 5 silvery microtomentose. Description. Body length: 2.2 – 2.8 mm; wing length: 1.9 – 2.9 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates shiny black, lunule black, basoflagellomere black, face slightly greyish microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum slightly to normally brown microtomentose (golden brown from anterior view), scutellum and pleuron same, wing hyaline, anterior margin slightly brownish, brown spot at apex of vein R 1 absent, calypter brown with dark margin, halter black, legs black except for yellowish basitarsi; abdomen with T 2 – 5 silvery microtomentose, except for anterolateral margins of T 2. Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2 + 0.5 frontal setae, middle frontal seta slightly medioreclinate. In males frons 2.2 x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 5.2 x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with wide notch (6 – 7 om) and emargination (3 om). Thorax: 2 dc, 2 prsc, 2 pprn, 1 + 0.5 prs, 2 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc present. Wing with veins R 4 + 5 and M convergent (2.4); M-ratio is 2.0. Fore femur densely setulose, tibial organ absent. Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T 1 into T 2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T 2 anterolateral corner with more than 3 lines of setae, T 2 posterolateral margin with 2 – 3 rows of setulae, T 3 posterior margin with 1 row of setulae, T 4 posterior margin with 2 rows of setulae, T 5 posteromedial margin of silvery part with 1 row of setulae. S 5 2 x as wide and longer than S 4, slightly setulose, posterior margin indented (Pl. 8 F). Male genitalia similar to M. nigeriae, with 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.6 x as long as epandrium high, bent posteriorly, dilated apically (1.5 x), 2.4 x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface with 3 – 5 setulae along anterior margin moving medially basally (Pl. 8 B). Special characters: palpus appears slightly wider than usual for the genus. Holotype, ♂: PHILIPPINES. Laguna: Mt. Makiling (14 ° 10 ' 59.88 " N 121 ° 10 ' 59.88 " E), Baker (USNM, 3216138), in suboptimal condition, abdomen dissected. Paratypes, same data as HT (2 ♂ USNM, 3216139 – 40). Material of questionable identity: MALAYSIA. Sabah: Bettotan, near Sandakan (5 ° 52 '. 12 " N 118 ° 4 '. 12 " E), 21. viii. 1927, C. B. K. & H. M. P (♂ BMNH, 3216169). Distribution. Philippines,? Borneo. Pl. 8: A – D. Surstylus. A. M. spinthera, HT; B. M. bakeri. C. M. longiseta; D. M. javana, HT; E – H. Male sternite 4 and 5. E. M. spinthera, HT; F. M. bakeri; G. M. longiseta; H. M. javana, HT. Scale bar: 0.1.	en	Brake, Irina (2009): Revision of Milichiella Giglio-Tos (Diptera, Milichiidae) 2188. Zootaxa 2188 (1): 1-166, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2188.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2188.1.1
03AB0903FFA7FFE4FF5A66C6BE3CFC07.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of slightly brown microtomentose mesonotum, shiny ocellar triangle and orbital plates, as well as brown microtomentose male T 2 – 5 except for posterolateral silvery spots on T 5. Description. Body length: 2.5 mm; wing length: 2.5 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates shiny black, lunule brown, basoflagellomere black, face grey microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum slightly brown microtomentose, pleuron same, scutellum more strongly microtomentose, wing hyaline, veins brown, brown spot at apex of vein R 1 weak, calypter hyaline with brown margin, halter black, legs black except for lighter tarsal joints, fore and hind tarsus with yellow brush; abdomen with T 2 – 5 brown microtomentose except for posterolateral silvery spots on T 5. Female coloration and vestiture: thorax with mesonotum slightly brown microtomentose, scutellum and pleuron same, halter yellow, calypter white, abdomen with T 2 – 4 brown microtomentose, T 5 shiny. Head: frons with 3 orbital and 2 + 0.5 frontal setae, middle frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 1.8 x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 3.6 x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with notch (3 – 4 om) and emargination (2 om). Female posterior eye margin with small notch (2 om) and emargination Thorax: 2 + 1 dc, 2 + 1 prsc, 1 + 0.6 pprn, row of prs across mesonotum, including presutural dc and prsc, 2 + 0.6 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc present. Wing with veins R 4 + 5 and M convergent (2.4); M-ratio is 1.7 – 2.1. Fore femur densely setulose, tibial organ absent. Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T 1 into T 2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T 2 anterolateral corner with more than 3 lines of setae, T 2 – 5 posterior half setulose except for silvery parts. S 5 similar to M. unicolor (see Pl. 9 F). Male genitalia with 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.9 x as long as epandrium high, dilated posteroapically (1.7 x), 3.6 x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface with 3 setae along anterior margin (see Pl. 5). Special characters: posteroventral side of head strongly setulose; middle prsc in middle of mesonotum. Milichiella freyi lectotype, ♀: SPAIN. Canary Is.: Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Tenerife, Icod de los Vinos (28 ° 22 '. 12 " N 16 ° 42 ' 0 " W), Frey (NMW, 3218324), in good condition. Milichiella freyi has been described from a series of three female syntypes. However, Frey (1958 a) incorrectly cited the presence of holo- and allotypes in the Finnish museum. In my opinion this citation does not constitute a lectotype designation according to ICZN article 74.5 because Frey did not " select " the holotype, he just stated its presence and it is not possible to reconstruct which specimen he meant with the designation " holotype ". One of the specimens in UZMH is apparently lost and there is only a female syntype in the UZMH (Pekka Vilkamaa, pers. comm.) and one in NMW. I here designate the specimen in the NMW as the lectotype. Material examined: SPAIN. Canary Is.: Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Gomera, Tecina (28 ° 6 ' 0 " N 17 ° 7 ' 59.88 " W), 11. iv. 1975, Báez (♀ USNM, 3217438); Tenerife (28 ° 19 '. 12 " N 16 ° 34 '. 12 " W), XII, Becker (2 ♂ ZMHU, 3217435 – 6), 10. iii. 1974, Báez (♂ USNM, 3217437). Distribution. Canary Islands. Remarks. The type series of Milichiella bimaculata consists of an unspecified number of males collected by Becker on Gran-Canaria. The types may be lost. There are two specimens from Tenerife in ZMHU that were later labeled as types, but they do not bear Becker's typical identification label and do not belong to the type series if Becker’s type locality is to be believed. Since the species is easily recognized, there is no need to designate a neotype. Milichiella christmas Brake, sp. n. Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of subshiny black ocellar triangle, brown calypter and male abdomen with T 2 – 5 brown microtomentose except for silvery anterior half of T 3 and anterior two thirds of T 4 – 5. Description. Body length: 3.1 mm; wing length: 2.7 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates subshiny black, lunule black, basoflagellomere black, face black microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum brown microtomentose, scutellum and pleuron same, wing hyaline, anterior margin brown, veins brown, brown spot at apex of vein R 1 weak, calypter brown, halter black, legs black except for brown tarsi, fore and hind tarsus with yellow brush; abdomen with T 2 – 5 brown microtomentose except for silvery anterior half of T 3 and anterior two thirds of T 4 – 5. Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2 + 0.5 frontal setae, middle frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 2.5 x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 5.2 x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with notch (5 om) and narrow emargination (2 om). Thorax: 3 + 1 dc, 3 + 1 prsc, 1 + 0.6 pprn, row of prs, 2 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc present. Wing with veins R 4 + 5 and M convergent (3); M-ratio is 1.8. Fore femur densely setulose, tibial organ absent. Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T 1 into T 2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T 2 anterolateral corner mostly with 2 – 5 lines of setae, T 2 – 5 brown parts setulose, except for anterior half or two thirds of T 2. S 5 about as long as wide, posterior margin about 2.5 x as wide as anterior margin, 1.7 x as long and 2.8 x as wide as S 4; posterior half setulose with relatively long setulae (see Pl. 8 F). Male genitalia with 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus similar to M. javana, 0.9 x as long as epandrium high, dilated apically (1.7 x), 3.4 x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface with 3 – 5 setulae along anterior margin moving medially basally (see Pl. 8 D). Special characters: thoracic setae very long. Holotype, ♂: CHRISTMAS I. (10 ° 30 ' 0 " S 105 ° 40 '. 12 " E), Andrews (BMNH, 3216180), in fairly good condition. Paratypes, same data as HT (3 ♂ BMNH, 3216181 – 3); CHRISTMAS I. North part of island (10 ° 30 ' 0 " S 105 ° 40 '. 12 " E), 1 – 31. xii. 1897, Andrews (4 ♂ BMNH, USNM, 3216184 – 7). Distribution. Christmas Island. Etymology. The species name, christmas, is a noun in apposition and is derived from the type locality. Remarks. Some specimens have a less extensive silvery pattern on the male abdomen.	en	Brake, Irina (2009): Revision of Milichiella Giglio-Tos (Diptera, Milichiidae) 2188. Zootaxa 2188 (1): 1-166, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2188.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2188.1.1
03AB0903FFA7FFE4FF5A66C6BE3CFC07.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of shiny or subshiny ocellar triangle, brown microtomentose mesonotum, male abdomen silvery microtomentose on lateral sides of T 2, anterior half of T 3, T 4 except for posterior margin, and anterior two thirds of T 5. Description. Body length: 2.8 – 3.5 mm; wing length: 2.6 – 2.8 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates shiny or subshiny depending on angle of light, lunule brown, basoflagellomere black, face greyish microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum brown microtomentose, scutellum and pleuron same, wing hyaline, veins light brown, brown spot at apex of vein R 1 absent, calypter white with yellow margin, halter black, legs black except for yellow tarsi; abdomen silvery microtomentose on lateral sides of T 2, anterior half of T 3, T 4 except for posterior margin, and anterior two thirds of T 5; silvery area more extensive in some specimens. Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 2.0 x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 4.7 x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with wide notch (6 om) and narrow emargination (2 om). Thorax: 2 dc, 2 prsc, 2 pprn, 1 + 0.7 prs and row of shorter setae, 2 + 0.5 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc present. Wing with veins R 4 + 5 and M convergent (2.1); M-ratio is 1.3 – 1.7. Fore femur slightly more densely setulose, tibial organ absent. Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T 1 into T 2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T 2 anterolateral corner mostly with 2 lines of setae but triangular extension with more setae, T 2 – 5 silvery parts bare, black parts setulose, setae at lateral margins of T 2 relatively short. S 5 2 x as wide and long as S 4, roundish, posterior margin indented, scarce setulae. Male genitalia with 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.7 x as long as epandrium high, bent posteriorly, dilated apically (1.7 x), 3.3 x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface with 3 – 5 setulae along anterior margin moving medially basally (see Pl. 6 C). Paratypes: UNITED STATES. Hawaii (19 ° 19 ' 12 " N 155 ° 16 ' 48 " W), Illingworth (2 ♂ USNM, 3216857); Oahu, Honolulu (21 ° 18 ' 0 " N 157 ° 51 ' 0 " W), 9. ix. 1926, Swezey (5 ♂ USNM, 3216851 – 5), 15. xii. 1926, Bryan (♂ USNM, 3216856). Material of questionable identity: GUAM. Anderson AFB [?] (13 ° 28 '. 12 " N 144 ° 49 ' 59.88 " E), 1 – 31. x. 1957, Krauss (♂ USNM, 3216872); MICRONESIA. Yap: Yap, Colonia (9 ° 31 '. 12 " N 138 ° 7 ' 59.88 " E), 1. vii. – 31. viii. 1950, Goss (♂ USNM, 3216871); PAKISTAN. Punjab: Faisalabad (31 ° 25 '. 12 " N 73 ° 9 ' 0 " E), 1 – 30. ix. 1939, Sohi (4 ♂ USNM, 3216860 – 3); PALAU IS. Koror I.: (7 ° 19 ' 59.88 " N 134 ° 30 ' 0 " E), 2. i. 1953, Beardsley (♀ BMNH, 3216874), 6. i. 1953 (♂ USNM, 3216866), 6. iv. 1953 (♂ USNM, 3216870), 14. iv. 1953 (♀ USNM, 3216875), 5. v. 1953 (♀ USNM, 3216873), 17. vi. 1953 (1 ♂ 1 ♀ USNM, 3216864 – 5), 10. vii. 1953 (1 ♂ 2 ♀ BMNH, 3216867 – 9); TAIWAN. Taipei: Yangmingshan (25 ° 9 ' 0 " N 121 ° 33 ' 0 " E), 22. viii. 1980, Cranston (2 ♂ USNM, 3216858 – 9). Distribution. Hawaii,? Guam,? Pakistan,? Palau Is.,? Taiwan,? Yap. Remarks. Specimens have been collected in pineapple fields, near compost, and at light. Questionable specimens have been collected on cattle dung. Milichiella formosae Brake, sp. n. (Pl. 3 C, F)	en	Brake, Irina (2009): Revision of Milichiella Giglio-Tos (Diptera, Milichiidae) 2188. Zootaxa 2188 (1): 1-166, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2188.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2188.1.1
03AB0903FFA7FFE4FF5A66C6BE3CFC07.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of brown microtomentose ocellar triangle and mesonotum, calypter hyaline with brown margin, and silvery microtomentose T 2 – 5. Description. Body length: 4.1 mm; wing length: 3.3 – 3.5 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates brown microtomentose, lunule brown, basoflagellomere black, face greyish microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum brown microtomentose, scutellum and pleuron same except for small shiny spots on an- and katepisternum, wing hyaline, veins brown, brown spot at apex of vein R 1 weak, calypter hyaline with brown margin and brown hairs, halter black, legs black except for yellow tip of fore tibia and all basitarsi; abdomen with T 2 – 5 silvery microtomentose. Female coloration and vestiture: halter yellow, abdomen with T 2 – 5 brown microtomentose. Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2 + 0.5 frontal setae, middle frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 2.4 x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 5.1 x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with wide notch (5 – 6 om) and narrow emargination (1 – 2 om). Thorax: 2, 2 + 1 or 3 + 1 dc, 1 prsc, 1 pprn, 1 + 0.7 + 0.5 prs, 2 + 0.8 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc present. Wing with veins R 4 + 5 and M convergent (2.0 – 2.2); M-ratio is 2.2 – 2.3. Fore femur slightly more densely setulose, tibial organ absent. Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T 1 into T 2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T 2 anterolateral corner with mostly 2 lines of setae but triangular extension with more setae, T 2 – 5 posterior margins with 1 row of setulae, posterolateral corner of T 2 with 2 rows. S 5 1.2 – 1.3 x as long as wide, 1.5 x as long and 2.1 – 2.2 x as wide as S 4, extremely setulose posterolaterally (Pl. 3 F). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus about as long as longest epandrial seta, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 1.2 – 1.3 x as long as epandrium high, bent posteriorly, dilated apically (2.1 x), 8.0 – 8.9 x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface with line of long setae along anterior margin (Pl. 3 C). Holotype, ♂: TAIWAN. (23 ° 30 ' 0 " N 121 ° 0 ' 0 " E), Sauter (DEI, 3218272), in good condition, original labels: " Formosa [H] ", " ??? Roth [H, undecipherable] ", " coll. Oldenberg [P] ", " spinthera / det.? [H] ". Paratypes, same data as HT (4 ♂ 3 ♀ DEI, BMNH, 3218266 – 71, 3218273); TAIWAN. Tao-yuan [= Toyenmongai] (23 ° 18 ' 25 " N 120 ° 18 ' 38 " E) (14 ♂ HNHM, 3218450 – 63); INDIA. Meghalaya: Nongpoh-Forest [= Nongph?] (25 ° 54 ' 0 " N 91 ° 54 ' 0 " E), 25 – 28. iv. 1980, Freidberg (♂ USNM, 3215796). Distribution. India, Taiwan. Etymology. The species name, formosae, is a genitive noun derived from the former name of the type locality, Formosa, which is Portuguese for beautiful.	en	Brake, Irina (2009): Revision of Milichiella Giglio-Tos (Diptera, Milichiidae) 2188. Zootaxa 2188 (1): 1-166, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2188.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2188.1.1
03AB0903FFA7FFE4FF5A66C6BE3CFC07.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of slightly brown microtomentose mesonotum, 3 + 1 dc, white calypter with brown margin, and silvery microtomentose male T 2 – 5. Description. Body length:> 2.5 mm; wing length: 2.8 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and upper orbital plates shiny black, lunule brown or black, basoflagellomere black, face greyish microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum slightly brown microtomentose, scutellum and pleuron brown microtomentose, except for shiny spots on an- and katepisternum, wing hyaline, veins yellow, brown spot at apex of vein R 1 weak, calypter white with brown margin, halter black, legs black except for yellow basitarsi; abdomen with T 2 – 5 silvery microtomentose except for anterolateral corner of T 2 and shiny black posterolateral corner of T 5. Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 2.5 x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 3.8 – 4.1 x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with wide notch (6 om) and narrow emargination (2 om). Thorax: 3 + 1 dc, 2 prsc, 2 pprn, 1 + 0.8 prs and row of shorter setae, 2 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc present. Wing with veins R 4 + 5 and M convergent (2.9); M-ratio is 1.8. Fore femur densely setulose, tibial organ absent. Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T 1 into T 2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T 2 anterolateral corner mostly with 2 lines of setae but triangular extension with more, T 2 – 5 posterior margin with 1 – 2 rows of setulae, more on lateral sides of T 2; T 5 shiny parts with long setae. S 5 1.2 x as long as wide, 2.0 x as long and 2.2 x as wide as S 4, posterior margin indented, setulose on posterior half (Pl. 8 Pl. 8: A – D. Surstylus. A. M. spinthera, HT; B. M. bakeri. C. M. longiseta; D. M. javana, HT; E – H. Male sternite 4 and 5. E. M. spinthera, HT; F. M. bakeri; G. M. longiseta; H. M. javana, HT. Scale bar: 0.1. H). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus longer than epandrial setae and 1 setae on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.8 x as long as epandrium high, bent posteriorly, dilated apically (1.6 x), 2.7 x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface with 3 – 5 setulae along anterior margin moving medially basally (Pl. 8 Pl. 8: A – D. Surstylus. A. M. spinthera, HT; B. M. bakeri. C. M. longiseta; D. M. javana, HT; E – H. Male sternite 4 and 5. E. M. spinthera, HT; F. M. bakeri; G. M. longiseta; H. M. javana, HT. Scale bar: 0.1. D). Holotype, ♂: INDONESIA. Java: Semarang (6 ° 58 ' S, 110 ° 29 ' E), 1 – 30. iv. 1909, Jacobson (ZMAN, 3215797), in good condition, abdomen dissected. Additional material examined: INDONESIA. Java: Semarang, Djerakah (6 ° 58 ' 0 " S 110 ° 28 ' 60 " E), 1 – 31. viii. 1910, Jacobson (♂ ZMAN, 3215798); SRI LANKA. Northern: Mannar Distr., Kondachchi (8 ° 43 '. 12 " N 79 ° 58 '. 12 " E), 20. ix. 1975, Sands (♂ BMNH, 3215939); Ma Villu (8 ° 42 ' 0 " N 80 ° 1 ' 59.88 " E), 16 – 19. ix. 1980, Krombein et al. (4 ♂ USNM, BMNH, 3215904 – 7); TAIWAN. T’ai-p’ing-ling [= Taihorin] (25 ° 6 ' 54.07 " N 121 ° 22 ' 41.9 " E), 1 – 31. vii. 1911, Sauter (3 ♂ HNHM, 3218465 – 7); TANZANIA. Dar-es-salaam (6 ° 51 ' 0 " S 39 ° 18 ' 0 " E), 1 – 30. ix. 1937, Saska (5 ♂ HNHM, 3218445 – 9). Material of questionable identity: MALAYSIA. Sabah: 10 km SW Tambunan (5 ° 40 '. 12 " N 116 ° 22 '. 12 " E), 30. viii. 1983, Hevel & Steiner (2 ♂ USNM, 3216189 – 90); TAIWAN. Kang-kou [= Kankau] (22 ° 0 ' 0 " N 120 ° 51 ' 59.98 " E), 1 – 30. iv. 1912, Sauter (3 ♂ HNHM, 3218468, 3218472, 3218474); Tah-pan [= Tapani], 1 – 31. iii. 1911, Sauter (4 ♂ HNHM, 3218469 – 71, 3218473). Distribution. Tanzania; Sri Lanka, Java, Taiwan,? Borneo. Remarks. Milichiella longiseta Hardy & Delfinado and M. spinthera Hendel are possibly synonymous with M. javana, but more material, especially of the latter two species, needs to be studied to evaluate the variation within the species. Milichiella sp. B Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of brown microtomentose mesonotum, calypter light brown with brown margin, yellowish basitarsi, silvery microtomentose male T 2 – 5 and shape of surstylus. Description. Body length: 2.5 – 3.5 mm; wing length: 2.8 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates shiny black, lunule brown, basoflagellomere black, face brown microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum brown microtomentose, scutellum and pleuron brown microtomentose except for shiny spots on an- and katepisternum, wing hyaline, veins light brown, brown spot at apex of vein R 1 absent, calypter light brown with brown margin, halter black, legs black except for yellowish basitarsi; abdomen with T 2 – 5 silvery microtomentose. Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 2.3 x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 4.7 x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with notch (6 om) and emargination (2 om). Thorax: 2 dc, 1 prsc, 1 pprn, 2 prs, 2 keps setae, posterior prsc as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc present. Wing with veins R 4 + 5 and M convergent; M-ratio is 2. Fore femur densely setulose, tibial organ absent. Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T 1 into T 2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T 2 – 5 posterior margin with one row of setulae, T 2 posterolaterally with more rows, T 2 without tuft of long setae. S 5 1.2 x as long as wide, 1.8 x as long and 3.3 x as wide as S 4, roughly triangular shape, setulose with more setula at posterior margin. Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus longer than epandrial setae, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.6 x as long as epandrium high, bent posteriorly, dilated apically (1.8 x), 2.5 x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface with few setulae along anterior margin, sensilla along margin. Material examined: MALAYSIA. Kuala Lumpur: Kuala Lumpur Gardens (3 ° 10 '. 12 " N 101 ° 42 ' 0 " E), 16. vi. 1938, Pendlebury (♂ BMNH, 3215899); Kuala Lumpur (3 ° 10 '. 12 " N 101 ° 42 ' 0 " E), 25. viii. 1922, Pendlebury (2 ♂ BMNH, 3215900). Distribution. Malaysia. Remarks. Milichiella sp. B is not named because the specimens are in poor condition and may represent a variety of another species. Specimens have been collected flying in hot sunshine, near a Croton bush (Euphorbiaceae).	en	Brake, Irina (2009): Revision of Milichiella Giglio-Tos (Diptera, Milichiidae) 2188. Zootaxa 2188 (1): 1-166, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2188.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2188.1.1
03AB0903FFA7FFE4FF5A66C6BE3CFC07.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of slightly brown microtomentose mesonotum and male abdomen with T 2 brown microtomentose except for silvery posterolateral corner, T 3 – 4 silvery microtomentose except for brown microtomentose posteromedial spot which shimmers silvery depending on the direction of light, T 5 silvery microtomentose. Description. Body length: 2 mm; wing length: 2.6 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates shiny black, lunule brown, basoflagellomere black, face greyish microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum slightly brown microtomentose, scutellum and pleuron same, except for shiny spots on an- and katepisternum, wing hyaline, veins brown, brown spot at apex of vein R 1 very weak, calypter hyaline to yellowish, halter black, legs black except for yellow tarsi; abdomen with T 2 brown microtomentose except for silvery posterolateral corner, T 3 – 4 silvery microtomentose except for brown microtomentose posteromedial spot which shimmers silvery depending on the direction of light, T 5 silvery microtomentose. Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 1.9 x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 3.0 x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with notch (5 om) and emargination (2 om). Thorax: 2 + 1 dc, 2 prsc, 1 + 0.8 pprn, 1 + 0.8 prs, 2 + 0.6 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc present. Wing with veins R 4 + 5 and M convergent (2.7); M-ratio is 1.9. Fore femur densely setulose, tibial organ absent. Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T 1 into T 2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T 2 anterolateral corner with 2 – 3 lines of setae, T 2 – 5 setulose. S 5 1.1 x as long as wide, 1.8 x as long and 1.9 x as wide as S 4, setulose with longer setae posterolateral (Pl. 9 H). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus about as long as longest epandrial seta, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.8 x as long as epandrium high, bent posteriorly, dilated apically (1.7 x), 1.8 x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface with 3 – 5 setulae along anterior margin moving medially basally (Pl. 9 D). Holotype, ♂. AUSTRALIA. Queensland: Eidsvold (25 ° 22 ' S, 151 ° 4 ' E), (AMS, 3217848; K 232315), in good condition but head missing. Additional material examined: AUSTRALIA. Queensland: Eidsvold (25 ° 22 ' S, 151 ° 4 ' E) (2 ♂, ANIC, 3217849), [topotypes]; Gladstone (23 ° 51 ' S, 151 ° 15 ' E), 19. xii. 1961, McAlpine (2 $ AMS, 3217851). Western Australia: Lulingui Station, near Derby, West Kimberley (17 ° 19 '. 12 '' S 123 ° 37 ' 59.88 '' E), 26. viii. 1929, Mackerras & Campbell (2 # ANIC, 3217850). Material of questionable identity: AUSTRALIA. Northern Territory: Palmerston, (13 ° 19 ' 59.88 '' S 130 ° 18 ' 0 '' E), 1 – 31. xii. 1908, Lichtwardt (# DEI, 3218261); Standley Chasm, NW Jay Creek (23 ° 52 '. 12 '' S 133 ° 27 ' 0 '' E), 4. x. 1972, Liepa (2 # ANIC, 3217853). Queensland: Ingham (18 ° 34 ' 59.88 '' S 146 ° 12 ' 0 '' E), 15. iii. 1961, Harley (2 # ANIC, 3217852). Distribution. Australia (Queensland, Western Australia,? Northern Territory). Remarks. Males with completely silvery abdomens could possibly be varieties of M. lacteiventris. Pl. 9: A – B. Milichiella unicolor. A. Surstylus; B. Male genitalia, lateral view. C – E. Male genitalia, lateral view. C. M. nigeriae nigeriae; D. M. lacteiventris; E. M. sp. D. F – I. Male sternite 4 and 5. F. M. unicolor; G. M. nigeriae nigeriae; H. M. lacteiventris; I. M. sp. D. Scale bar: 0.1.	en	Brake, Irina (2009): Revision of Milichiella Giglio-Tos (Diptera, Milichiidae) 2188. Zootaxa 2188 (1): 1-166, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2188.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2188.1.1
03AB0903FFA7FFE4FF5A66C6BE3CFC07.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of slightly brown microtomentose mesonotum, 2 dc, calypter hyaline with yellow to brown margin and yellow hairs. Description. Body length: 3.1 – 3.7 mm; wing length: 2.6 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates shiny black, lunule black, basoflagellomere brown, face greyish microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum slightly brown microtomentose, scutellum and pleuron brown microtomentose except for shiny spots on an- and katepisternum, wing hyaline, veins light brown, brown spot at apex of vein R 1 very weak, calypter hyaline with yellow to brown margin and yellow hairs, halter black, legs black except for yellowish tarsi; abdomen with T 2 – 5 silvery microtomentose. Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 2.4 x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 3.7 x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with wide notch (6 – 7 om) and narrow emargination (1 – 2 om). Thorax: 2 dc, 2 prsc, 2 pprn, 1 + 0.8 prs and row of shorter setae, 2 + 0.6 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc present. Wing with veins R 4 + 5 and M convergent (2.6); M-ratio is 1.7. Fore femur densely setulose, tibial organ absent. Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T 1 into T 2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T 2 anterolateral corner mostly with 2 lines of setae but triangular extension with more setae, T 2 – 5 posterior margin with 1 row of setulae, more on posterolateral margins of T 2, tip of T 5 with long setae. S 5 more than 2 x as wide and 2 x as long as S 4, roundish, posterior margin more angular, indented, slightly setulose (Pl. 8 G). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus longer than epandrial setae, 1 – 2 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.6 x as long as epandrium high, bent posteriorly, dilated apically (1.7 x), 2.2 x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface with 3 – 5 setulae along anterior margin moving medially basally (Pl. 8 C). Paratypes: UNITED STATES. Hawaii: Oahu, Hills behind Dillingham Air Force Base (21 ° 25 ' 59.88 " N 157 ° 58 '. 12 " W), 1. xi. 1970, Gagne (2 ♂ BMNH, 3215940 – 1); Honolulu (21 ° 18 ' 0 " N 157 ° 51 ' 0 " W), 8. iii. 1951, Beardsley (2 ♂ BMNH, 3215942 – 3), 1 – 30. ix. 1951 (4 ♂ BMNH, USNM, 3215944 – 7), 23. xi. 1968, Delfinado (♂ USNM, 3215948), 5. iii. 1955, Ikeda (2 ♂ USNM, 3215949 – 50). Additional material examined: MALAYSIA. Sabah: 17 km S Keningau (5 ° 21 ' 0 " N 116 ° 10 ' 59.88 " E), 31. viii. 1983, Hevel & Steiner (3 ♂ USNM, 3215901 – 3); PALAU IS. Babelthuap I.: Ngerehelong (7 ° 30 ' 0 " N 134 ° 36 ' 0 " E), 6. v. 1957, Sabrosky (7 ♂ USNM, 3215963 – 6, 3215968 – 70). Koror I.: (7 ° 19 ' 59.88 " N 134 ° 30 ' 0 " E), 1. iv. 1953, Beardsley (3 ♂ USNM, 3215971, 3215973 – 4). Distribution. Hawaii; Malaysia and Palau Islands. Remarks. Specimens have been collected swarming at 11 am – 12 pm.	en	Brake, Irina (2009): Revision of Milichiella Giglio-Tos (Diptera, Milichiidae) 2188. Zootaxa 2188 (1): 1-166, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2188.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2188.1.1
03AB0903FFA7FFE4FF5A66C6BE3CFC07.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Differs from most congeners in the combination of white wing, black legs, and male T 2 – 5 silvery microtomentose. Description according to original description. Male coloration and vestiture: basoflagellomere black; thorax black, wing white, halter black, legs black; abdomen with T 2 – 5 silvery microtomentose. Wing with veins R 4 + 5 and M convergent. Distribution. South Africa. Remarks. The type of Milichiella melaleuca is not in the ZMHU or MCZ and is probably lost. This species is not identifiable from the description, and is therefore a nomen dubium. Milichiella melaleuca is possibly a senior synonym of M. argentiventris Hendel, based on the white wings. It is not synonymous to M. argentea because of the different wing colour (see remarks under that species).	en	Brake, Irina (2009): Revision of Milichiella Giglio-Tos (Diptera, Milichiidae) 2188. Zootaxa 2188 (1): 1-166, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2188.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2188.1.1
03AB0903FFA7FFE4FF5A66C6BE3CFC07.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of 4 dc, 2 prsc, and male abdomen with T 2 – 5 silvery microtomentose except for brown spot in middle of T 2 and brown posteromedial third or half of T 3 – 4. Description. Body length: 2.2 – 3.5 mm; wing length: 2.8 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates shiny black, lunule black, basoflagellomere black, face black microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum brown microtomentose, scutellum and pleuron same except for big shiny spot on an- and katepisternum, scutellum slightly stronger brown microtomentose than mesonotum, wing hyaline, veins light brown, brown spot at apex of vein R 1 absent, calypter hyaline, halter black, legs black, hind tarsus with yellow brush; abdomen with T 2 – 5 silvery microtomentose except for brown spot in middle of T 2 and brown posteromedial third or half of T 3 – 4. Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 2.2 x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 6.1 x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with wide notch (6 om) and emargination (2 om). Thorax: 3 + 1 dc, 2 prsc, 2 pprn, 1 + 0.7 prs, 2 + 0.5 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc present. Wing with veins R 4 + 5 and M convergent (2.4); M-ratio is 1.5 – 1.7. Fore femur slightly more densely setulose, tibial organ absent. Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T 1 into T 2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T 2 anterolateral corner mostly with 2 lines of setae but triangular extension with more setae, T 2 – 5 silvery parts bare, brown parts setulose, lateral margins with long setae. S 5 wider and longer than S 4, roundish, posterior margin indented (Pl. 9 G). Male genitalia with hypandrium long, apical seta on cercus longer than surstylus, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.7 x as long than epandrium high, dilated apically (1.5 x), slightly bent posteriorly, 2.4 x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface with 3 – 5 setulae along anterior margin moving medially basally (Pl. 9). Special characters: setae long and thin. Lectotype, ♂: NIGERIA. Gadau (11 ° 49 ' 59.88 " N 10 ° 10 '. 12 " E), 6. vi. 1933, Lewis (BMNH, 3217570), in good condition. The type series consists of 10 males from Nigeria, Gadau, 24. iv or 6. vi 1933 in BMNH. There are 52 specimens from this locality with this date in BMNH and 7 in ZMHU. Ten of the BMNH specimens bear Duda's identification label, with one labeled as “ Typus ” by Duda, the others as “ Cotypus ”. Six of the ZMHU specimens also bear Duda's identification label but without type designation. I here designate the specimen labeled as type as lectotype, with the specimens labeled as cotypes as paralectotypes. The other specimens are not types. The purpose of the designation is to fix the specimen that Duda intended as the primary type. Paralectotypes, same data as LT (8 ♂ BMNH, 3217571 – 8), 24. iv. 1933 (♂ BMNH, 3217579). Additional material examined: NIGERIA. Gadau (11 ° 49 ' 59.88 " N 10 ° 10 '. 12 " E), 1933, Buxton & Lewis (4 ♂ BMNH, 3217622 – 5), 24. iv. 1933, Lewis (3 ♂ BMNH, ZMHU, 3217621, 3217905 – 6), 6. vi. 1933 (46 ♂ BMNH, ZMHU, 3217580 – 620, 3217907 – 11); Zaria: Between Maigana & Soba (10 ° 58 ' 59.88 " N 8 ° 4 '. 12 " E), 1. iv. 1973, Knutson & Deeming (8 ♂ USNM, 3217895 – 902); Shika (8 ° 37 ' 59.88 " N 10 ° 34 ' 59.88 " E), 26. i. 1975, Deeming (♂ USNM, 3217894); GHANA. Kwadaso, 17. iii. 1969, Endroyi (♂ HNHM, 3218429). Distribution. Ghana, Nigeria. Remarks. Specimens have been collected swarming near Baobab.	en	Brake, Irina (2009): Revision of Milichiella Giglio-Tos (Diptera, Milichiidae) 2188. Zootaxa 2188 (1): 1-166, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2188.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2188.1.1
03AB0903FFA7FFE4FF5A66C6BE3CFC07.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Differs from M. nigeriae only in the presence of 4 prsc. Description. Body length: 3.3 mm; wing length: 2.7 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates shiny black, lunule black, basoflagellomere black, face greyish microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum brown microtomentose, scutellum and pleuron same except for big shiny spot on an- and katepisternum, wing hyaline, veins light brown, brown spot at apex of vein R 1 absent, calypter hyaline, halter black, legs black, hind tarsus with yellow brush; abdomen with T 2 – 5 silvery microtomentose except for brown spot in middle of T 2 and brown posteromedial third or half of T 3 – 4. Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2 + 0.5 frontal setae, middle frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 2.2 x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 4.7 x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with wide notch (6 om) and emargination (2 om). Thorax: 3 + 1 dc, 3 + 1 prsc, 2 pprn, 1 + 0.7 + 0.4 prs, 2 + 0.6 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc present. Wing with veins R 4 + 5 and M convergent (2.8); Mratio is 1.7. Fore femur slightly more densely setulose, tibial organ absent. Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T 1 into T 2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T 2 anterolateral corner mostly with 2 lines of setae but triangular extension with more setae, T 2 – 5 silvery parts bare, brown parts setulose, lateral margins with long setae. S 5 wider and longer than S 4, roundish, posterior margin indented. Male genitalia with hypandrium long, long seta on cercus longer than surstylus, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.7 x as long than epandrium high, dilated apically (1.5 x), slightly bent posteriorly, 2.4 x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface with 3 – 5 setulae along anterior margin moving medially basally (Pl. 9 C). Special characters: setae long and thin. Paratypes: TANZANIA. Ngaruka, W Meru (3 ° 15 ' 0 " S 36 ° 45 ' 0 " E), 29. i. – 14. ii. 1952 (2 ♂ USNM, 3217903 – 4). Additional material examined: KENYA. Eastern: Athi (1 ° 27 ' 0 " S 36 ° 58 ' 59.88 " E), 1 – 31. v. 1946, van Someren (10 ♂ BMNH, 3217881 – 90); Nairobi area: 48.3 km NW Nairobi (1 ° 16 ' 59.88 " S 36 ° 49 ' 59.88 " E), 13. i. 1968, Krombein (2 ♂ USNM, 3217892 – 3); MALAWI. Southern: Blantyre (15 ° 46 '. 12 " S 35 ° 0 ' 0 " E), 1914, Davey (3 ♂ BMNH, 3217878 – 80); TANZANIA. Makoa (3 ° 21 ' 0 " S 37 ° 19 '. 12 " E), 19. i. 1959, Lindner (♂ USNM, 3217891); Old Shinyanga (3 ° 33 ' 0 " S 33 ° 24 ' 0 " E), 15. i. 1952, Burtt (32 ♂ BMNH, 3217626 – 38). Distribution. Eastern Africa. Remarks. Paratypes of M. acrosticalis were compared with M. nigeriae and found to differ only in the number of prescutellar setae. As there are several cases of varying numbers of thoracic setae within one species in Milichiella, M. acrosticalis is synonymized with M. nigeriae but retained as an eastern subspecies. Milichiella sp. C Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of slightly brown microtomentose mesonotum, 3 + 1 dc, 3 + 1 prsc, male T 2 – 5 silvery microtomentose except for brownish spot near abdominal triangle. Description. Body length: 2.7 mm; wing length: 2.5 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates shiny black, lunule brown, basoflagellomere black, face greyish microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum slightly brown microtomentose, pleuron same, except for shiny spots on anepisternum and katepisternum, scutellum brown microtomentose, wing hyaline, veins yellow, brown spot at apex of vein R 1 weak, calypter white, halter black, legs black; abdomen with T 2 – 5 silvery microtomentose, except for brownish spot near abdominal triangle. Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2 + 0.5 frontal setae, middle frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 2.8 x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 4.0 x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with wide notch (6 – 7 om) and emargination (2 om). Thorax: 3 + 1 dc, 3 + 1 prsc, 2 pprn, 1 + 0.7 prs, 2 + 0.6 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc present. Wing with veins R 4 + 5 and M convergent (2.5); M-ratio is 1.8. Fore femur densely setulose, tibial organ?. Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T 1 into T 2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T 2 anterolateral corner mostly with 2 lines of setae but triangular extension with more setae, T 2 – 4 posterior margin with 1 row of setulae. S 5 about 1.1 x as long as wide, about 1.8 x as long and 2.0 x as wide as S 4, setulose with larger setae posteriorly (see Pl. 9 F). Male genitalia same as M. unicolor, 2 setae on subepandrial plate, surstylus ~ 0.8 x as long as epandrium high, bent posteriorly, dilated apically (1.5 x), 3.0 x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface with 3 – 5 setulae along anterior margin moving medially basally (see Pl. 9 B). Special characters: nearly no setulae directly anterior to prsc and posterior dc. Material examined: KENYA. Nairobi area: Nairobi, Zone H, HZS 3181 (1 ° 16 ' 59.88 " S 36 ° 49 ' 59.88 " E), 1 – 30. ix. 1951, Edwards (2 ♂ BMNH, 3216172), 10. x. 1951 (6 ♂ BMNH, 3216173 – 5); MOZAMBIQUE. Maputo: Maputo (25 ° 58 '. 12 " S 32 ° 34 ' 59.88 " E), 1. iv. – 31. vii. 1914, Junod (2 ♂ BMNH, 3215923); SOUTH AFRICA. KwaZulu-Natal: Weenen (28 ° 51 ' 0 " S 30 ° 4 '. 12 " E), 1 – 28. ii. 1925, Thomasset (2 ♂ BMNH, 3216177); Transvaal, Lichtenburg, Brauns (♂ HNHM, 3218399); UGANDA. Southern: Mbarara (0 ° 36 ' 0 " S 30 ° 40 '. 12 " E), 15. xi. 1934, Edwards (2 ♂ BMNH, 3216176). Distribution. Eastern to southern Africa. Milichiella sp. C is possibly only a variety of M. nigeriae acrosticalis with more extensive silvery microtomentum on the male tergites.	en	Brake, Irina (2009): Revision of Milichiella Giglio-Tos (Diptera, Milichiidae) 2188. Zootaxa 2188 (1): 1-166, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2188.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2188.1.1
03AB0903FFA7FFE4FF5A66C6BE3CFC07.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of shiny black mesonotum, dark calypter and silvery microtomentose male T 2 – 5. Description. Body length: 2 – 2.7 mm; wing length: 2.7 – 2.8 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates shiny black, lunule black, basoflagellomere black, face brown microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum shiny black, scutellum and pleuron brown microtomentose, wing hyaline, veins brown, brown spot at apex of vein R 1 weak, calypter brown with dark margin, halter black, legs black except for yellow basitarsi, fore and hind tarsus with yellow brush; abdomen with T 2 – 5 silvery microtomentose except for anterolateral corner of T 2 and shiny black posterolateral corner of T 5. Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2 + 0.5 frontal setae, middle frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 2.3 x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 3.5 x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with notch (5 – 6 om) and narrow emargination (1 – 2 om). Thorax: 2 dc, 1 prsc, 1 pprn, 2 + 0.8 prs, 2 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc present. Wing with veins R 4 + 5 and M convergent (2.7); M-ratio is 1.6. Fore femur densely setulose, tibial organ absent. Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T 1 into T 2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T 2 anterolateral corner with more than 3 lines of setae, T 2 – 5 posterior margin with 2 rows of scarce setulae; T 5 shiny parts with long setae. S 5 about 1.1 x as long as wide, about 1.9 x as long and 2.5 x as wide as S 4, setulose, posterior margin indented (Pl. 6 F). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus longer than epandrial setae, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.6 x as long as epandrium high, dilated posteroapically (1.5 x), 1.9 x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface with 3 – 5 setulae along anterior margin moving medially basally (Pl. 6 B). Special characters: pair of 0.7 setae between postocellar setae and second 0.5 pair of setae on ocellar triangle. Holotype, ♂: AUSTRALIA. New South Wales: Sydney (33 ° 52 ' 60 " S 151 ° 13 ' 0 " E), 1 – 28. ii. 1924 (AMS, 3217834; K 232642), in good condition. Paratype, same data as HT (♂ USNM, 3215959). Additional material examined: AUSTRALIA. New South Wales: Sydney (33 ° 52 ' 60 " S 151 ° 13 ' 0 " E), 1 – 28. ii. 1924 (2 ♂ AMS, 3217835 – 6); Bronte, near Sydney (33 ° 55 ' S, 151 ° 13 ' E), 24. iii. 1967, McAlpine (4 ♂ AMS, BMNH, 3217837 – 40); Mosman (33 ° 49 '. 12 " S 151 ° 13 ' 59.88 " E), 20. ii. 1924, Mackerras (7 ♂ ANIC, 3217841 – 7). Distribution. Australia (New South Wales).	en	Brake, Irina (2009): Revision of Milichiella Giglio-Tos (Diptera, Milichiidae) 2188. Zootaxa 2188 (1): 1-166, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2188.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2188.1.1
03AB0903FFA7FFE4FF5A66C6BE3CFC07.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of 1 prsc, yellow bases and tips of tibiae, brown microtomentose male T 2 – 5 except for shiny tip of T 5. Description. Body length: 1.8 mm; wing length:? mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and orbital plate slightly brown microtomentose, lunule black, basoflagellomere black, face black microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum microtomentose (probably brown), scutellum and pleuron same, wing hyaline, veins brown, brown spot at apex of vein R 1 absent, calypter apparently brown with brown margin and yellow hairs, halter black, legs black except for yellow bases and tips of tibiae, and basitarsi; abdomen with T 2 – 5 brown microtomentose except for shiny tip of T 5. Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta slightly medioproclinate. In males frons 2.3 x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 3.4 x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with notch (4 – 5 om) and emargination (1 – 2 om). Thorax: 2 dc, 1 prsc, 1? pprn, 1? prs,? keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc present. Wing with veins R 4 + 5 and M convergent; M-ratio is 2.0. Fore femur normal setulose, tibial organ absent. Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T 1 into T 2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T 2 anterolateral corner with more than 3 lines of setae, T 2 – 4 posterior half setulose, T 5 posterior 2 / 3 setulose. S 5 1.1 x as long as wide, 1.6 x as long and 1.2 x as wide as S 4, setulose, posterior margin indented (Pl. 5 E). Male genitalia with 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.9 x as long as epandrium high, bent posteriorly, dilated apically (1.9 x), 5.9 x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface with 3 – 5 setulae along anterior margin moving medially basally (Pl. 5 A). Lectotype, ♂: MOZAMBIQUE. Sofala: Chiramba (16 ° 55 '. 12 " S 34 ° 40 '. 12 " E), mid January 1929, Lesne (MNHNP, 3219071), specimen has been tainted with liquid so that the colours are not true any more, one wing and several legs missing, abdomen dissected. The number of type specimens is not stated in the original description. The single specimen present in MNHNP is here designated as lectotype. Distribution. Mozambique. Milichiella quintargentea Brake, sp. n. Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the slightly brown microtomentose mesonotum and male abdomen with T 1 – 4 brown microtomentose, T 5 silvery grey microtomentose except for brown anterior margin. Description. Body length: 2.4 mm; wing length: 2.5 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates shiny black, lunule brown, basoflagellomere black, face brown microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum slightly brown microtomentose, scutellum and pleuron brown microtomentose except for big shiny spot on an- and katepisternum, wing hyaline, veins brown, brown spot at apex of vein R 1 absent, calypter white, halter black, legs black except for brownish tarsi; abdomen with T 1 – 4 brown microtomentose, T 5 silvery grey microtomentose except for brown anterior margin. Female coloration and vestiture: halter yellow, abdomen with T 2 – 4 brown microtomentose, T 5 shiny except for microtomentose anterior margin. Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2 + 0.5 frontal setae, middle frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 2.0 x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 5.3 x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with wide notch (6 om, female: 4 – 5 om) and narrow emargination (1 – 2 om). Thorax: 3 + 1 (var.: 2) dc, 2 prsc, 1 + 0.7 pprn, 1 + 0.6 + 0.6 prs, 2 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc present. Wing with veins R 4 + 5 and M convergent (2.5 – 3.3); M-ratio is 1.8 – 1.9. Fore femur densely setulose, tibial organ absent. Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T 1 into T 2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T 2 anterolateral corner with 2 – 3 lines of setae, T 2 – 5 at least posterior half setulose. S 5 1.1 x as long as wide, 1.6 x as long and 1.9 x as wide as S 4, heart shaped (see Pl. 9 H). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus longer than epandrial setae; hypandrium long, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.6 x as long as epandrium high, bent posteriorly, dilated apically (1.6 x), 2.3 x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface with 3 – 5 setulae along anterior margin moving medially basally (see Pl. 6 C). Holotype, ♂: NIGERIA. Niger: Mokwa (9 ° 19 '. 12 " N 5 ° 0 ' 0 " E), 15. vii. 1977, Johnson (USNM, 3217411), in good condition. Paratype: TANZANIA. Tanga: Tanga (5 ° 7 '. 12 " S 39 ° 4 ' 59.88 " E), 21. i. 1967, Nathanie (♂ CNC, 3217410). Milichiella quintargentea var.: INDIA. Andhra Pradesh: Hyderabad (17 ° 22 '. 12 " N 78 ° 25 ' 59.88 " E), 5. xi. 1971, Pont (♂ BMNH, 3217409); PAKISTAN. Punjab: Faisalabad (31 ° 25 '. 12 " N 73 ° 9 ' 0 " E), 1 – 31. vii. 1939, Sohi (2 ♀ USNM, 3217417 – 8), 1 – 31. viii. 1939 (2 ♂ USNM, 3217413 – 4), 1 – 31. viii. 1939, Sapra (3 ♂ 1 ♀ USNM, 3217412, 3217415 – 6, 3217419); SAUDI ARABIA. Asir: Maraba (17 ° 46 ' 1.2 " N 42 ° 30 ' 21.6 " E), 15. x. – 30. xi. 2004, Dawah (♂ NMWC, 3219182); UNITED ARAB EMIRATES. Al-Ajban (23 ° 31 '. 12 " N 54 ° 19 ' 59.88 " E), 26. vi. – 25. vii. 2006, van Harten (1 ♂ 11 ♀ NMWC, 3219165 – 76), 2 – 22. xi. 2006 (1 ♂ 2 ♀ NMWC, 3219177 – 9); Bitnah (25 ° 11 ' 25.08 " N 56 ° 14 ' 8.16 " E), 4. vii. – 12. viii. 2006, van Harten (2 ♀ NMWC, 3219180 – 1); Sharjah, Sharjah Desert Park (25 ° 21 ' 0 " N 55 ° 22 '. 12 " E), 4 – 8. xii. 2004, van Harten (♂ NMWC, 3219164), 20. xi. 2004 (♂ NMWC, 3219163). Distribution: Nigeria and Tanzania, variety from India, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and United Arab States. Etymology. The species name, quintargentea, is an adjective derived from the Latin quintus = five and argenteus = silver, referring to the silvery fifth tergite of the males. Remarks. Specimens from India, United Arab Emirates, and Saudi Arabia with 2 dc. Milichiella quintargentea has been reared from rotten yam tubers. The variety has been collected on cattle dung and in yellow pan, light, and Malaise traps.	en	Brake, Irina (2009): Revision of Milichiella Giglio-Tos (Diptera, Milichiidae) 2188. Zootaxa 2188 (1): 1-166, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2188.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2188.1.1
03AB0903FFA7FFE4FF5A66C6BE3CFC07.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of subshiny black ocellar triangle, 3 + 1 dc, black tibiae, and silvery microtomentose male T 2 – 5. Description. Body length: 3.2 mm; wing length: 2.9 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates subshiny, lunule black, basoflagellomere black, face greyish microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum brown microtomentose, scutellum brown microtomentose (densely when viewed from anterior, otherwise weakly), pleuron same, wing hyaline, veins brown, brown spot at apex of vein R 1 weak, calypter light brown with brown margin, halter black, legs black except for brown tarsi, fore and hind tarsus with yellow brush; abdomen with T 2 – 5 silvery microtomentose. Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2 + 0.5 frontal setae, middle frontal seta slightly medioreclinate. In males frons 2.8 x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 4.0 x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with wide notch (6 – 7 om) and emargination (2 om). Thorax: 3 + 1 dc, 3 + 1 prsc, 2 pprn, 1 + 2 prs, 2 + 0.6 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc present. Wing with veins R 4 + 5 and M convergent (2.6); M-ratio is 1.5. Fore femur densely setulose, tibial organ absent. Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T 1 into T 2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T 2 anterolateral corner with more than 3 lines of setae, T 2 posterior margins with 3 – 4 rows of setulae, T 3 – 4 with 2 rows, tip of T 5 with long setae. S 5 1.2 x as long as wide, 1.9 x as long and 3.3 x as wide as S 4, setulose on posterior 3 / 4, heart-shaped (Pl. 6 H). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus longer than epandrial setae, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.8 x as long as epandrium high, bent posteriorly, dilated apically (1.4 x), 2.5 x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface with 3 – 5 setulae along anterior margin moving medially basally (Pl. 6 D). Special characters: nearly no setulae directly anterior to prsc and posterior dc. Lectotype, ♂: SEYCHELLES. Mahé (4 ° 40 '. 12 " S 55 ° 30 ' 0 " E), 1 – 30. ix. 1908, Gardiner (BMNH, 3216188), in good condition, abdomen dissected. Of the two syntypes cited in the original description, only one is apparently available; the other is lost. I here designate the single specimen in BMNH as lectotype. Material of questionable identity: GHANA. Ashanti: Obuasi (6 ° 45 ' 0 " N 1 ° 30 ' 0 " W), 23. xi. 1907, Graham (♂ BMNH, 3216171); NIGERIA. Osun: Ile-Ife (7 ° 3 ' 0 " N 4 ° 30 ' 0 " E), 15. vii. 1969, Medler (♀ BMNH, 3218088). Distribution. Seychelles,? Ghana,? Nigeria. Remarks. One of the questionable specimens was caught on a palm (Arecaceae). Milichiella sp. D (Pl 9 E, I) Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of 3 + 1 dc and male abdomen with T 2 – 5 brown microtomentose except for silvery anterior margin of T 4, and anterior third of T 5, which get wider laterally; tip of T 5 shiny. Description. Body length: 3.0 mm; wing length: 2.8 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates subshiny black, lunule black, basoflagellomere black, face black microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum brown microtomentose, scutellum and pleuron same, wing hyaline, veins brown, brown spot at apex of vein R 1 absent, calypter light brown with brown margin, halter black, legs black, basitarsi yellow; abdomen with T 2 – 5 brown microtomentose except for silvery anterior margin of T 4, and anterior third of T 5, which get wider laterally; tip of T 5 shiny. Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2 + 0.6 frontal setae, middle frontal seta slightly medioproclinate. In males frons 2.4 x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 3.9 x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with notch (5 om) and slight emargination (1 om). Thorax: 3 + 1 dc, 3? prsc, 2 pprn,? prs, 2 + 0.5 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc present. Wing with veins R 4 + 5 and M convergent (2.9); M-ratio is 2.1. Fore femur densely setulose, tibial organ?. Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T 1 into T 2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T 2 anterolateral corner mostly with 2 – 4 lines of setae, T 2 – 5 brown parts setulose. S 5 1.2 x as long as wide, 1.7 x as long and 1.6 x as wide as S 4, setulose (Pl. 9 I). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus about as long as longest epandrial seta, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.7 x as long as epandrium high, bent posteriorly, dilated apically (1.6 x), 2.9 x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface with 3 – 5 setulae along anterior margin moving medially basally (Pl. 9 E). Material examined: UGANDA. Ankole, Kichwamba (0 ° 43 ' N, 30 ° 12 ' E), 1 – 5. v. 1968, Spangler (♂ USNM, 3216584). Distribution. Uganda. Remarks. Milichiella sp. D is not named because the description is based on a single specimen that is similar to M. solitaria and may be an aberrant specimen of this species.	en	Brake, Irina (2009): Revision of Milichiella Giglio-Tos (Diptera, Milichiidae) 2188. Zootaxa 2188 (1): 1-166, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2188.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2188.1.1
03AB0903FFA7FFE4FF5A66C6BE3CFC07.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of black basoflagellomere, slightly brown microtomentose mesonotum, 1 prsc, white calypter, and male T 2 – 5 silvery microtomentose. Description. Body length: 3.1 mm; wing length: 2.5 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates shiny black, lunule dark brown, basoflagellomere black, face greyish microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum slightly brown microtomentose, scutellum and pleuron same except for shiny spots on an- and katepisternum, wing hyaline, with yellow veins, brown spot at apex of vein R 1 very weak, calypter white, halter black, legs black except for yellow basitarsi; abdomen with T 2 – 5 silvery microtomentose. Head: frons with 2 orbital and 1 frontal seta (lower frontal seta probably lost), anterior frontal seta?. In males frons 2.3 x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 3.3 x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with wide notch (7 om) and narrow emargination (2 om). Thorax: 2 dc, 1 prsc, 1 + 0.7 pprn, 1 prs and row of 0.5 setae, 2 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc present. Wing with veins R 4 + 5 and M convergent (2.5); M-ratio is 1.5. Fore femur densely setulose, tibial organ absent. Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T 1 into T 2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T 2 anterolateral corner with 2 – 3 lines of setae, T 2 – 5 posterior margin with 1 row of sparse setulae. S 5 about 1.3 x as long as wide, about 1.8 x as long and 2.5 x as wide as S 4, setulose on posterior half (Pl. 8 E). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus longer than epandrial setae, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.7 x as long as epandrium high, bent posteriorly, dilated apically (1.9 x), 3.2 x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface with 3 – 5 setulae along anterior margin moving medially basally (Pl. 8 A). Holotype, ♂: TAIWAN. Pi-nang [= Pilam] (23 ° 30 ' 0 " N 121 ° 0 ' 0 " E), 1 – 31. vii. 1912, Sauter (DEI, 3218259), in good condition, abdomen dissected. Material of questionable identity: AUSTRALIA. Northern Territory: Port Darwin (12 ° 25 '. 12 " S 130 ° 48 ' 0 " E), 1 – 28. ii. 1909, Brunetti (2 ♂ BMNH, 3215897 – 8), 1 – 31. iii. 1909 (2 ♂ BMNH, ANIC, 3215895 – 6); INDIA. Punjab: Abohar (30 ° 10 ' 59.88 " N 74 ° 13 ' 59.88 " E), 1 – 30. ix. 1969 (2 ♂ BMNH, 3215916). Distribution. Taiwan,? Australia,? India. Remarks. A specimen of questionable identity was collected on a date palm (Arecaceae). Milichiella sterkstrooma Brake, sp. n. (Pl. 8 D, G) Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of 2 + 1 dc, calypter with brown margin, black legs, and male abdomen with T 2 – 5 brown microtomentose except for silvery microtomentose anterior half of T 3 – 5 which is wider laterally. Description. Body length: 3.1 mm; wing length: 3.1 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates subshiny black, lunule black, basoflagellomere black, face greyish microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum brown microtomentose, scutellum and pleuron same, except for shiny spots on anepisternum and katepisternum, wing hyaline, veins brown, brown spot at apex of vein R 1 weak, calypter hyaline with brown margin (var.: light brown), halter black, legs black, hind tarsus with yellow brush (var. mid basitarsus yellowish); abdomen with T 2 – 5 brown microtomentose except for silvery microtomentose anterior half of T 3 – 5 which is wider laterally (var.: visible parts of T 3 – 4 brown microtomentose except for silvery anterolateral margin of T 3). Sometimes it appears as if there are two brown spots at posterior margin of T 3 – 5. Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2 + 0.6 frontal setae, middle frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 2.5 x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 3.7 x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with notch (5 om) and narrow emargination (1 om). Thorax: 2 + 1 dc, 2 prsc, 1 pprn, 1 + 0.9 prs, 3 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc present. Wing with veins R 4 + 5 and M convergent (1.9); M-ratio is 2.1. Fore femur slightly more densely setulose, tibial organ absent. Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T 1 into T 2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T 2 anterolateral corner mostly with 2 – 5 lines of setae, T 2 – 5 setulose on brown parts. S 5 1.3 x as long as wide, 1.8 x as long and 1.4 x as wide as S 4, posterior margin indented, setulose (Pl. 8 G). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus as long as longest epandrial seta, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 1.2 x as long as epandrium high, bent posteriorly, dilated apically (2.4 x), 7.8 x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface with line of long setae near anterior margin (Pl. 8 D). Holotype, ♂: SOUTH AFRICA. Northern Province: Sterkstroom (24 ° 0 ' 0 " N 29 ° 30 ' 0 " E), 30. xii. 1973, Dyce (ANIC, 3217796), in good condition. Paratypes, same data as HT (3 ♂ ANIC, 3217794 – 5, 3217797). Milichiella sterkstrooma var.: SOUTH AFRICA. KwaZulu-Natal: Natal, Umtamvuna Nature Reserve, forest margin, 450 m (31 ° 0 ' 6 " S, 30 ° 10 ' 38 " E), 29. x. 1990, Whittington (♂ NMP, 3219045). Distribution. South Africa. Etymology. The species name, sterkstrooma, is an arbitrary combination of letters derived from the type locality and is a noun in apposition.	en	Brake, Irina (2009): Revision of Milichiella Giglio-Tos (Diptera, Milichiidae) 2188. Zootaxa 2188 (1): 1-166, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2188.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2188.1.1
03AB0903FFA7FFE4FF5A66C6BE3CFC07.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of posteriorly silvery microtomentose mesonotum, silvery T 2 – 5 and strongly setulose posterolateral corners of S 5. Description. Body length: 2.4 – 3.2 mm; wing length: 2.7 – 3.0 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates brown microtomentose narrow frontal plates grey microtomentose, lunule brown, basoflagellomere black, face brown or greyish microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum anteriorly brown microtomentose, posteriorly silvery (var.: completely brown); scutellum and pleuron brown microtomentose, wing hyaline, veins yellow, brown spot at apex of vein R 1 absent, calypter brown or yellow with brown margin, halter black, legs black except for yellow basitarsi; abdomen with T 2 – 5 silvery microtomentose. Female coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates brown microtomentose, wide frontal plates silvery grey microtomentose, thorax with mesonotum greyish to yellowish brown microtomentose, median line and scutellum more brownish, lateral sides more greyish, pleuron same except for shiny spots, calypter hyaline with yellow margin, halter yellow, abdomen with T 2 – 5 brown microtomentose. Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 2.1 – 2.6 x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 4.7 x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with notch (5 – 6 om) and emargination (male: 1 om, female 3 om). Thorax: 2 – 5 (female: 2) dc, 2 (female: 1) prsc, 1 pprn, 1 prs and row of 0.5 setae (female: 1 prs), 2 + 0.6 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc present. Wing with veins R 4 + 5 and M convergent (2.2); M-ratio is 2.2 – 2.4. Fore femur densely setulose, tibial organ absent. Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T 1 into T 2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T 2 anterolateral corner with 2 – 3 lines of setae, T 2 posterior margin with 2 rows of scarce setulae, T 3 – 5 with one row of setulae. S 5 1.6 x as long as wide, 2.1 x as long and 1.9 x as wide as S 4, strongly setulose with long setae at posterolateral corners (Pl. 3 E). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus longer than epandrial setae; hypandrium long, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 1.3 x as long as epandrium high, bent posteriorly, dilated apically (1.7 x), very narrow, 10 x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface without setulae (Pl. 3 B). Milichiella sumptuosa lectotype, ♂: INDONESIA. Java: Semarang, Srondolwetan [= Srondol] (7 ° 4 '. 12 " S 110 ° 24 ' 0 " E), 1 – 31. viii. 1909, Jacobson (ZMAN, 3215876; DIPT. 0728.1), in good condition. There is a series of 15 ST of M. sumptuosa at ZMAN, of which one bears de Meijere's identification label with ' Typ' added in his handwriting. I here designate this specimen as lectotype to fix the specimen that de Meijere had intended as the primary type.	en	Brake, Irina (2009): Revision of Milichiella Giglio-Tos (Diptera, Milichiidae) 2188. Zootaxa 2188 (1): 1-166, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2188.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2188.1.1
03AB0903FFA7FFE4FF5A66C6BE3CFC07.taxon	description	Milichiella sumptuosa paralectotypes, same data as LT (14 ♂ ZMAN, 3215877 – 87). Milichiella smithi holotype, ♂: THAILAND. Krung Thep Mahanakhon: Makasan, Bangkok (13 ° 43 ' 59.88 " N 100 ° 30 ' 0 " E), 1928, Smith (USNM, 3218317; 441719), either 23. Apr. or 27. Oct. 1928; most setae and most legs missing, abdomen dissected. Milichiella smithi paratypes, same data as HT but 23. iv. 1928 (4 ♂ USNM, 3215863 – 6), 27. x. 1928 (17 ♂ USNM, 3215845 – 6, 3215848 – 62). Additional material examined: BANGLADESH. Sylhet, Major Hall (24 ° 31 ' 59.88 " N 91 ° 52 '. 12 " E), 28. iv. 2005 (4 ♂ BMNH, 3215809 – 12); INDIA. Assam: Doom Dooma (27 ° 34 '. 12 " N 95 ° 34 '. 12 " E), 12. v. 1943, Hardy (6 ♂ USNM, 3215820 – 4, 3215893), 23. v. 1943 (10 ♂ USNM, 3215825 – 31, 3216091 – 3); Doom Dooma, 20.9 km NE (27 ° 34 '. 12 " N 95 ° 34 '. 12 " E), 2. xii. 1943, Hardy (4 ♂ USNM, 3215832 – 4, 3215892). Delhi: New Delhi (28 ° 37 '. 12 " N 77 ° 13 '. 12 " E), 1 – 31. x. 1958, Krauss (2 ♂ USNM, BMNH, 3215818, 3215894). Tamil Nadu: Cinchona, Anamalai Hills, 1067 m (10 ° 18 ' N, 77 ° 0 ' E), 1. v. 1956 – 31. v. 1967, Nathan (3 ♂ USNM, 3215869 – 71); Yercaud, Shevaroy Hills, 1372 m (11 ° 46 '. 12 " N 78 ° 13 ' 59.88 " E), 1 – 31. iii. 1955, Nathan (2 ♂ USNM, 3215872 – 3). West Bengal: Calcutta (22 ° 30 ' 0 " N 88 ° 19 ' 59.88 " E), 25. ii. 1907 (♂ MNHNP, 3219085), 6 – 7. vii. 1907, N. A. (♂ MNHNP, 3219084), 1. ii. 1908, N. A. (10 ♂ ZMAN, 3215890 – 1); INDONESIA. Java: Cigombong (7 ° 0 ' 0 " S 107 ° 0 ' 0 " E), 30. iv. 1980, Norris (9 ♂ ANIC, 3217822 – 30); Ciherang (6 ° 36 ' 0 " S 106 ° 58 ' 59.88 " E), 1. v. 1980, Norris (2 ♂ ANIC, 3217832 – 3); Legok (6 ° 48 ' 0 " S 107 ° 58 ' 59.88 " E), 1. v. 1980, Norris (♂ ANIC, 3217831); Jawa Barat: Bogor PST (6 ° 34 '. 12 " S 106 ° 45 ' 0 " E), 14. v. 1980, Norris (13 ♂ ANIC, 3217809 – 21); Sumatra: Buo, Pad. Bev. (0 ° 28 '. 12 " S 100 ° 46 '. 12 " E), 1914, Jacobson (12 ♂ ZMAN, 3215888 – 9); LAOS. Annam (♂ HNHM, 3218400); MALAYSIA. Perak-Pahang divide, F. M. S., 1280 m (4 ° 15 ' 0 " N 101 ° 54 ' 0 " E), 7. vi. 1923, Pendlebury (2 ♂ BMNH, 3215842 – 3); Pinang: Sungri Pinang Hills (5 ° 19 ' 59.88 " N 100 ° 19 ' 59.88 " E), 31. iii. 1957, Pagden (2 ♂ BMNH, 3215806 – 7); Sungri Pinang Hills, Rawang Kawah (5 ° 19 ' 59.88 " N 100 ° 19 ' 59.88 " E), 25. viii. 1956, Pagden (♂ BMNH, 3215808): NEPAL. Central: Kathmandu, 1341 m (27 ° 42 ' 0 " N 85 ° 19 '. 12 " E), 28. iv. 1967, Can. Nepal Exped. (9 ♀ CNC, 3217800 – 8); Kathmandu, Balaju, 1372 m (27 ° 43 ' 59.88 " N 85 ° 18 ' 0 " E), 5. v. 1967, Can. Nepal Exped. (♂ CNC, 3217799); Doti [?], 1280 m (29 ° 16 '. 12 " N 80 ° 58 ' 59.88 " E), 2. v. 1967, Ecker-Racz [?] (♂ USNM, 3215867); Taplejung, Dobhan, River Maewa, north shore, 1006 m (27 ° 30 ' 0 " N 85 ° 3 ' 0 " E), 31. i. 1962, Coe (7 ♂ BMNH, 3215835 – 41); PAKISTAN. Karakoram Mts. valley of Indus, Chalt Nagar village, 1750 m (36 ° 15 ' N, 74 ° 19 ' E), 19 – 20. ix. 1998, Gyualai & Garai (4 ♂ 5 ♀ HNHM, 3218403 – 11); PHILIPPINES. Negros Occidental: Ma-ao (10 ° 28 ' 59.88 " N 122 ° 58 ' 59.88 " E), 22. vi. 1906, Banks (4 ♂ BMNH, 3215813 – 6); THAILAND. Chiang Mai: Chiang Dao, ~ 5 km NW Chiang Dao, 425 m (19 ° 23 ' N, 98 ° 56 ' E), 6. v. 1969, Burton (♂ USNM, 3215875); Meung, Nakronrajasrima, 5 – 7. vii. 1959, Manop [?] (♂ USNM, 3215874); Talum (15 ° 0 ' 0 " N 100 ° 0 ' 0 " E), 21. i. 1902, Robinson & Annandale (♂ BMNH, 3215817); Tham Sakoen NP (19 ° 23 ' N, 100 ° 38 ' E), 26. xi. 2003, Földváry & Szappanos (No. 17) (♂ HNHM, 3218401). Milichiella sumptuosa var.: MALAYSIA. Sarawak: 20 km SE Sebuyau, Tuba (1 ° 31 '. 12 " N 110 ° 55 ' 59.88 " E), 15 – 22. i. 1979, Gaerdenfors et al. (♂ USNM, 3215795). Distribution: India and Nepal to Philippines, south to Java. Remarks. One male from Borneo with completely brown microtomentose mesonotum. I here synonymize Milichiella smithi Aldrich with M. sumptuosa based on the comparison of external characters and male terminalia between the type series. Milichiella sumptuosa was collected swarming on bugs, in front of cowsheds and under trees in the sun, collected over and along creeks in forest and at “ lcol. - light ”.	en	Brake, Irina (2009): Revision of Milichiella Giglio-Tos (Diptera, Milichiidae) 2188. Zootaxa 2188 (1): 1-166, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2188.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2188.1.1
03AB0903FFA7FFE4FF5A66C6BE3CFC07.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of slightly brown microtomentose mesonotum, 1 pprn, and male abdomen with T 2 – 5 silvery microtomentose except for brown microtomentose anterior 2 / 3 of T 2. Description. Body length: 2.5 – 3 mm; wing length: 2.7 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates shiny black, lunule brown, basoflagellomere black, face greyish microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum slightly brown microtomentose, scutellum and pleuron brown microtomentose, wing hyaline, veins light brown, brown spot at apex of vein R 1 absent, calypter brown with dark margin, halter black, legs black except for brown tarsi; abdomen with T 2 – 5 silvery microtomentose except for brown microtomentose anterior 2 / 3 of T 2, change from brown to silvery gradually. Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2 + 0.6 frontal setae, middle frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 1.9 x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 3.2 x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with notch (5 om) and emargination (2 om). Thorax: 2 dc, 1 prsc, 1 pprn, 1 + 0.8 prs and row of shorter setae, 3 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc present. Wing with veins R 4 + 5 and M convergent (2); M-ratio is 2.2. Fore femur densely setulose, tibial organ absent. Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T 1 into T 2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T 2 anterolateral corner mostly with 2 – 5 lines of setae, T 2 posterior margin with 3 – 4 rows of setulae, T 3 – 4 posterior margins with 1 row of setulae. S 5 1.2 x as long as wide, 1.7 x as long and 1.8 x as wide as S 4, nearly heart shaped, setulose (Pl. 7 E). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus longer than epandrial setae, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 1.1 x as long as epandrium high, bent posteriorly, slightly dilated apically (2.0 x), 6.6 x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface with line of long setae near anterior margin (Pl. 7 A). Special characters: palpus ventrally with long setae (longer than palpus wide). Lectotype, ♂: AUSTRIA. Kärnten: Oberfederaun (46 ° 34 ' 59.88 " N 13 ° 49 '. 12 " E), 13. vi. 1884, Tief (NMW, 3218327), in good condition. Paralectotypes, same data as LT (2 ♂ NMW, 3218328 – 9). Additional material examined: ITALY. Bolzano: Bolzano (46 ° 31 '. 12 " N 11 ° 22 '. 12 " E), 11. vi. 1871, Loew (♂ ZMHU, 3217408), 11. vi. 1873 (♂ ZMHU, 3217407), 12. vi. 1873 (♂ ZMHU, 3217406). Distribution. Spain to Slowakia, northern european Russia and Japan. Remarks. The original description of Milichiella tiefii is based on 3 males in NMW. I here designate one as the lectotype. Milichiella tiefii is a valid species and not synonymous with M. argyrogaster. The synonymy by Becker was based on 3 specimens in Loew's collection he identified as M. argyrogaster. These are in fact M. tiefii. Comparison of the syntypes of M. tiefii and the probable type of M. argyrogaster shows they are different species.	en	Brake, Irina (2009): Revision of Milichiella Giglio-Tos (Diptera, Milichiidae) 2188. Zootaxa 2188 (1): 1-166, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2188.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2188.1.1
03AB0903FFA7FFE4FF5A66C6BE3CFC07.taxon	description	Description according to Becker. Male coloration and vestiture: frons and orbital plates microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum brown microtomentose?, wing hyaline, calypter white, halter black, legs blackbrown; abdomen with T 2 – 5 silvery microtomentose. Head: frons with 2? orbital and 2 frontal setae. Thorax: 2 dc. Wing with veins R 4 + 5 and M weakly convergent; M-ratio is 1.5. Distribution. Seychelles. Remarks. The type specimen (s) was collected on the Seychelles and identified by Giglio-Tos as Milichiella argentea. Becker did not see the specimen (s) himself, but had Bezzi check it. The genus Milichiella was described by Giglio-Tos based on this specimen (s). The Turin collection is not accessible in the near future and the specimens are not in the Milano collection. It is probable that the type (s) are lost. Milichiella tosi differs from the other two species with a silvery abdomen found on the Seychelles in the white calypter. I have seen one specimen from Mahé with white calypter; however, it differs from the description of Milichiella tosi in having shiny black orbital plates and yellow fore and hind basitarsi. Milichiella triangula Brake, sp. n. (Pl 6 A, E) Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of brown microtomentose mesonotum, 2 dc, 2 pprn, calypter hyaline or yellowish, tibiae black, silvery microtomentose male T 2 – 5, and triangular shape of male S 5. Description. Body length: 3.5 mm; wing length: 2.9 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and upper orbital plates shiny black, lunule black, basoflagellomere black, face greyish microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum brown microtomentose, scutellum and pleuron same, except for shiny spots on an- and katepisternum, wing hyaline, veins light brown, brown spot at apex of vein R 1 absent, calypter hyaline or yellowish, halter black, legs black except for yellow basitarsi, hind basitarsus darker; abdomen with T 2 – 5 silvery microtomentose. Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2 + 0.6 frontal setae, middle frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 2.3 x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 4.2 x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with notch (5 om) and emargination (2 om). Thorax: 2 dc, 2 prsc, 1 + 0.8 pprn, 1 + 0.8 + 0.5 prs, 2 + 0.6 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc present. Wing with veins R 4 + 5 and M convergent (3.2); M-ratio is 1.6. Fore femur slightly more densely setulose, tibial organ absent. Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T 1 into T 2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T 2 anterolateral corner with 2 – 3 lines of setae, T 2 – 5 posterior margin with 1 row of scarce setulae. S 5 1.2 x as long as wide, 1.7 – 1.8 x as long and 2.3 – 3.2 x as wide as S 4; shape triangular with posterior margin indented (Pl. 6 E). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus longer than epandrial setae, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus ~ 0.7 x as long as epandrium high, dilated apically (1.4 – 1.7), 2.9 – 3.1 x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface with 3 – 5 setulae along anterior margin moving medially basally (Pl. 6 A). Holotype, ♂: SRI LANKA. North Central: Anuradhapura Distr., 9.7 km S Tantirimalai, 61 m (8 ° 34 '. 12 " N 80 ° 15 ' 0 " E), 31. x. 1976, Dietz, Karunaratne & Balasooriya (USNM, 3215914), in good condition. Paratypes, same data as HT (5 ♂ USNM, 3215909 – 13); NIGERIA. Kaduna: Zaria, Dumbi Wood (11 ° 3 ' 57.6 " N 7 ° 42 ' 0 " E), 30. iii. 1973, Knutson (♂ USNM, 3215938); Kwara: Ilorin (10 ° 52 ' 59.88 " N 4 ° 1 '. 12 " E), 1912, Scott-Macfie (3 ♂ BMNH, 3215924 – 6). Material of questionable identity: ANGOLA. Namibe: Bruco (15 ° 7 '. 12 " S 13 ° 10 ' 59.88 " E), 26. ii. – 2. iii. 1972 (♂ BMNH, 3215922). Distribution. Nigeria, Sri Lanka,? Angola. Etymology. The species name, triangula, is an adjective derived from the Latin triangulus = triangular and refers to the triangular shape of male S 5. Milichiella ugandae Brake, sp. n. (Pl. 5 B, F) Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of slightly brown microtomentose mesonotum, calypter light brown with brown margin, and silvery microtomentose male T 2 – 5. Description. Body length: 2.6 mm; wing length: 2.6 – 2.7 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons shiny or subshiny black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates shiny black, lunule black, basoflagellomere black, face brown microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum slightly brown microtomentose, scutellum and pleuron brown microtomentose, except for shiny spots on anepisternum and katepisternum, wing hyaline, veins brown, brown spot at apex of vein R 1 weak, calypter light brown with brown margin, halter black, legs black except for brown basitarsi; abdomen with T 2 – 5 silvery microtomentose. Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2 + 0.5 frontal setae, middle frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 2.5 x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 4.3 x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with notch (5 om) and narrow emargination (1 om). Thorax: 2 dc, 1 prsc, 1 pprn, 2 prs, 2 + 0.7 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc present. Wing with veins R 4 + 5 and M convergent (~ 2.8); M-ratio is 2.6. Fore femur densely setulose, tibial organ absent. Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T 1 into T 2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T 2 anterolateral corner mostly with 2 lines of setae but triangular extension with more setae, T 2 – 5 posterior margins with 2 rows of scattered relatively long setulae. S 5 1.3 x as long as wide, 1.8 x as long and 2.2 x as wide as S 4, posterior margin indented, setulose (Pl. 5 F). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus as long as longest epandrial seta, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus about as long as epandrium high, bent posteriorly, dilated apically (2.3 x), apex slightly flat, 6.1 x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface with line of long setae along anterior margin moving medially basally (Pl. 5 B). Special characters: ocellar triangle long and narrow, reaching anterior third of frons. Holotype, ♂: UGANDA. Ankole, Kichwamba (0 ° 43 ' N, 30 ° 12 ' E), 1 – 5. v. 1968, Spangler (USNM, 3216121), in good condition. Paratypes, same data as HT but 23 – 29. iv. 1968 (2 ♂ USNM, 3216119 – 20); UGANDA. Central: Entebbe, 1160 m (0 ° 4 '. 12 " N 32 ° 27 ' 0 " E), 1 – 30. iv. 1973, Falke (14 ♂ CNC, 3217128 – 31, 3217133, 3217135, 3217137 – 40, 3217142, 3217144 – 6); Katona, Mujenje, 1 – 30. ix. 1913 (4 ♂ HNHM, 3218437 – 40); Ruwenzori Range, Namwamba Valley, 3048 m (0 ° 4 ' 59.88 " N 30 ° 10 '. 12 " E), 1. xii. 1934 – 31. i. 1935, Jackson (♂ BMNH, 3216112). Western: Ruwenzori Range, Kilembe, 1372 m (0 ° 13 ' 59.88 " N 30 ° 1 '. 12 " E), 1. xii. 1934 – 31. i. 1935, Edwards (♂ BMNH, 3216113). Additional material examined: GHANA. Ashanti: Obuasi (6 ° 45 ' 0 " N 1 ° 30 ' 0 " W), 24. xi. 1906, Graham (♂ BMNH, 3216118); Kumasi (6 ° 40 ' 60 " N 1 ° 37 ' 0 " W), 1 – 25. vi. 1965, Endroyi (♂ HNHM, 3218428); SOUTH AFRICA. KwaZulu-Natal: Natal, Salt Rock, 10 m (29 ° 29 ' S, 31 ° 15 ' E), 5 – 12. x. 1991, Londt (♂ NMP, 3219063); TANZANIA. Kimamba (6 ° 46 ' 48 " S 37 ° 7 ' 48 " E), 25. xi. 1938, Saska (2 ♂ HNHM, 3218433 – 4); Marangu (3 ° 16 ' 59.88 " S 37 ° 31 '. 12 " E), 1 – 20. iii. 1959, Lindner (♂ USNM, 3216122). Milichiella ugandae var. 1: GHANA. Kumasi-Kwadaso (6 ° 42 ' N, 1 ° 39 ' W), 3 – 28. iii. 1997, Scheibelreiter (2 ♂ BMNH, 3216114 – 5); UGANDA. Bwamba (0 ° 49 ' 59.88 " N 30 ° 3 ' 0 " E), 1. vii. – 31. viii. 1946, van Someren (2 ♂ BMNH, 3216116 – 7); ZIMBABWE. N. Vumba (19 ° 4 ' 59.88 " S 32 ° 45 ' 0 " E), 3. iv. 1964 (6 ♂ NMP, 3219055, 3219057, 3219062), 14. vi. 1964, Cookson (6 ♂ NMP, 3219053 – 4, 3219058, 3219060 – 1), 17. vi. 1964 (♂ NMP, 3219056), 23. vi. 1964 (4 ♂ NMP, 3219050 – 2, 3219059). Milichiella ugandae var. 2: CAMEROON. Centre-Sud: N Kolbisson, near Yaoundé (3 ° 51 ' 0 " N 11 ° 34 ' 59.88 " E), 10. xi. 1977, Tsacas (♂ MNHNP, 3219096). Distribution. Eastern Africa, Ghana, and South Africa, varieties from Zimbabwe and Cameroon. Etymology. The species name, ugandae, is a genitive noun derived from the type locality. Remarks. Milichiella ugandae var. 1 differs from the type series in a slightly narrower surstylus with round apex. Variety 2 has the same surstylus as var. 1 and many more setae at posterior margin of S 5. Milichiella ugandae var. 1 has been collected in Malaise traps and var. 2 on palm trees (Arecaceae).	en	Brake, Irina (2009): Revision of Milichiella Giglio-Tos (Diptera, Milichiidae) 2188. Zootaxa 2188 (1): 1-166, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2188.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2188.1.1
03AB0903FFA7FFE4FF5A66C6BE3CFC07.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of brown microtomentose ocellar triangle and mesonotum as well as 2 + 1 dc, 2 prsc, and silvery microtomentose male T 2 – 5. Description. Body length: 2.3 – 3.4 mm; wing length: 2.3 – 2.6 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons brown, ocellar triangle and orbital plates same, lunule brown, basoflagellomere black, face greyish microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum brown microtomentose with varying degree of grey anteriorly and laterally, scutellum and pleuron same, wing hyaline, veins yellow, brown spot at apex of vein R 1 absent, calypter white, halter black, legs black except for yellow tip of fore and mid tibia, and bases of all tarsi, fore and hind tarsus with yellow brush; abdomen with T 2 – 5 silvery microtomentose. Female coloration and vestiture: thorax with mesonotum greyish brown microtomentose, scutellum same, pleuron greyish, halter yellow, abdomen with T 2 – 4 brown microtomentose, T 5 shiny. Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2 + 0.5 frontal setae, middle frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 2.0 – 2.2 x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 4.0 x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with wide notch (7 – 8 om, female: 5 – 6 om) and emargination (3 – 4 om). Thorax: 2 + 1 dc, 2 prsc, 1 + 0.7 pprn, 1 + 0.6 + 0.5 (female: 1 + 0.5) prs, 2 keps setae, posterior prsc as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc present. Wing with veins R 4 + 5 and M convergent (2.7); M-ratio is 1.3. Fore femur slightly more densely setulose, tibial organ absent. Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T 1 into T 2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T 2 anterolateral corner with 2 – 3 lines of setae, T 2 – 5 with scattered small setulae at posterior margin (2 – 3 rows). S 5 about 1.3 x as long as wide, 1.7 x as long and 1.5 x as wide as S 4, with scattered setulae (Pl. 9 F). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus longer than epandrial setae; hypandrium long, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.6 – 0.8 x as long as epandrium high, bent posteriorly, dilated apically (1.5 – 1.8 x), 2.7 – 3.3 x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface with 3 – 5 setulae along anterior margin moving medially basally (Pl. 9 A, B). Lectotype, ♀: CAMEROON. Victoria (4 ° 1 ' N, 9 ° 12 ' E), 1905, Winkler (ZMAN, 3216096; DIPT. 0729.1), in good condition, head slightly deformed. The female ST deposited in ZMAN bears de Meijere's identification label with the word “ Type ” in his handwriting. This specimen is here designated as the lectotype. The purpose of the designation is to fix as primary type the specimen that de Meijere intended. Paralectotypes, same data as LT (2 ♀ DEI, 3218287 – 8). Additional material examined (BMNH unless otherwise indicated): CONGO. Lake Tanganyika, Usumbura (6 ° 0 ' 0 " S 29 ° 30 ' 0 " E), 26. v. 1927, Bois (2 ♂, 3216067 – 8); GHANA. Ashanti: Obuasi (6 ° 45 ' 0 " N 1 ° 30 ' 0 " W), 31. v. 1907, Graham (♂, 3216066). East: Accra, Legon (5 ° 39 ' 0 " N 0 ° 10 ' 59.88 " W), 19. iii. 1969, Richards (♀, 3216084); Kumasi (6 ° 40 ' 60 " N 1 ° 37 ' 0 " W), 23. vi. 1947, Bowden (4 ♂ NMP, 3219046), 24. vi. 1967, Endroyi (♂ HNHM, 3218430); Kumasi-Kwadaso (6 ° 42 ' N, 1 ° 39 ' W), 3 – 28. iii. 1997, Scheibelreiter (10 ♀, 3216074 – 83); MADAGASCAR. Toliara [= Tulear]: Amboasary, Berenty Reserve (25 ° 1 '. 12 " S 46 ° 22 ' 59.88 " E), 6 – 16. v. 1983, Noyes & Day (♀, 3216071); NIGERIA. Osun: Ile-Ife (7 ° 3 ' 0 " N 4 ° 30 ' 0 " E), 19. xii. 1968, Medler (♀, 3216070), 25. i. 1970 (♂ USNM, 3216090). Oyo: Ibadan (7 ° 22 ' 59.88 " N 3 ° 55 ' 59.88 " E), 16. v. 1969, Medler (♂, 3216069). Zaria: Between Maigana & Soba (10 ° 58 ' 59.88 " N 8 ° 4 '. 12 " E), 1. iv. 1973, Knutson & Deeming (3 ♂ USNM, 3216087 – 9); SIERRA LEONE. Western Area: Freetown (8 ° 30 ' 0 " N 13 ° 16 ' 59.88 " W), 30. ix. 1933, Lewis (14 ♂, 3216052 – 65); TANZANIA. Old Shinyanga (3 ° 33 ' 0 " S 33 ° 24 ' 0 " E), 15. i. 1952, Burtt (2 ♂, 3216072 – 3); UGANDA. Central: Kampala, Mulago (0 ° 19 '. 12 " N 32 ° 34 ' 59.88 " E), 1. ix. 1936, Gibbins (4 ♂, 3216048 – 51), 30. ix. 1936 (6 ♂ 40 ♀, 3216000 – 45). Western: Kigezi Distr., Ruhiza, Impenetrable Forest, 1220 m (1 ° 0 ' 0 " S 29 ° 40 '. 12 " E), 1 – 10. vi. 1972, Babyetagara (♂ CNC, 3217792); Ruwenzori Range, Kilembe, 1372 m (0 ° 13 ' 59.88 " N 30 ° 1 '. 12 " E), 1. xii. 1934 – 31. i. 1935, Edwards (2 ♂, 3216046 – 7); ZIMBABWE. Harare: Harare [= Salisbury] (17 ° 49 ' 59.88 " S 31 ° 3 ' 0 " E), 10. xi. 1934, Cuthbertson (2 ♂ BMNH, ZMHU, 3216085 – 6). Material of questionable identity (all HNHM): GHANA. Kumasi (6 ° 40 ' 60 " N 1 ° 37 ' 0 " W), 8. ii. 1966, Endroyi (♂, 3218431); Kwadaso, 10 – 24. vii. 1965, Endroyi (♂, 3218432), 14. vii. 1969 (♂, 3218435). Distribution: Sierra Leone to Uganda, south to Zimbabwe and Madagascar. Remarks. Milichiella unicolor was collected on leaves, swarming in gardens and in sunshine near bamboo about 8 m in the air, at light, and in Malaise traps. It has been bred from decaying banana skins. The type specimens were collected pollinating " Abrame angustum L. J. ". There is a Malvaceae species called Abroma augusta L. However, this species occurs in Asia and Australia, not in Africa, and it seems unlikely that a milichiid would pollinate Abroma augusta, because the flowers are very big. Therefore the plant was probably misidentified. Milichiella sp. E Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of brown microtomentose mesonotum, 2 or more prs, hyaline calypter with light margin, and brown microtomentose male T 2 – 5. Description. Body length:? mm; wing length: 2.8 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates shiny black, lunule black, basoflagellomere black, face greyish microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum brown microtomentose, scutellum same, pleuron slightly more dark and greyish microtomentose with shiny Desmometopa m-nigrum like spot on anepisternum and spot on katepisternum, wing hyaline, veins brown, brown spot at apex of vein R 1 weak, calypter hyaline with light margin, halter black, legs black except for yellow basitarsi; abdomen with T 2 – 5 brown microtomentose. Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2 + 0.5 frontal setae, middle frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 2.2 x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 4.9 x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with wide notch (6 om) and emargination (2 om). Thorax: 2 dc, 2 prsc, 2 pprn, 1 + 0.8 + 0.5 prs, 2 + 0.6 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc present. Wing with veins R 4 + 5 and M convergent (3.0); M-ratio is 1.7. Fore femur slightly more densely setulose, tibial organ absent. Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T 1 into T 2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T 2 anterolateral corner with 2 – 3 lines of setae, T 2 – 5 setulose. S 5 1.1 x as long as wide, 1.7 x as long and 2.0 x as wide as S 4, roundish shape, setulose (similar to Pl. 9 G). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus longer than epandrial setae, hypandrium long, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.6 x as long as epandrium high, bent posteriorly, dilated apically (1.7 x), 2.4 x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface with 3 – 5 setulae along anterior margin moving medially basally (see Pl. 8 D). Material examined: SRI LANKA. North Central: Anuradhapura Distr., Padaviya archeological site, 60 m (8 ° 48 ' 0 " N 80 ° 45 ' 0 " E), 11 – 14. x. 1977, Krombein et al. (♂ USNM, 3217449). Distribution. Sri Lanka. Remarks. The species is not named because the single male might be an aberrant specimen of Milichiella quintargentea.	en	Brake, Irina (2009): Revision of Milichiella Giglio-Tos (Diptera, Milichiidae) 2188. Zootaxa 2188 (1): 1-166, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2188.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2188.1.1
03AB0903FF85FFE1FF5A6333BFACF9CB.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Northern and middle Chile. Milichiella breviarista Brake, sp. n. (Pl. 10 C, H) Diagnosis. Differs from other members of the chilensis - group in the combination of parallel R 4 + 5 and M and T 3 – 4 brown microtomentose. Description. Body length: 2.3 mm; wing length: 2.4 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and upper orbital plates brown microtomentose, lunule black, basoflagellomere black, face brown microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum slightly brown microtomentose, scutellum and pleuron same except for shiny spots on an- and katepisternum, wing hyaline, veins yellow, brown spot at apex of vein R 1 absent, calypter hyaline with brown margin, halter black, legs black; abdomen with T 2 – 5 brown microtomentose except for posterolateral silvery spots on T 5 which are far apart. Head: frons with 2? orbital and 2? frontal setae, anterior frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 2.3 x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 2.6 x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with slight notch (2 om), posterior eye margin separating from head margin on ventral 2 / 3. Thorax: 3 + 1 dc, 3 + 1 prsc, 1 pprn, 1 + 0.4 prs, 2? keps setae, posterior prsc less than 0.8 x as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc absent. Wing with veins R 4 + 5 and M parallel (1.1); M-ratio is 3.0. Fore femur normal setulose, tibial organ?. Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T 1 into T 2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T 2 anterolateral corner with 2 – 3 lines of setae, T 2 – 5 brown parts setulose. S 5 0.9 x as long as wide, 1.4 x as long and 1.6 x as wide as S 4, setulose, posterior margin slightly indented (Pl. 10 H). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus shorter than longest epandrial seta, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus ~ 0.3 x as long as epandrium high, not bent, slightly dilated (1.2 x), about as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface without setulae (Pl. 10 C). Special characters: arista short; anterior frontal seta inconspicuous, appears unusually distant from lunule. Pl. 10: A – B. Milichiella frontalis. A. Male genitalia, lateral view; B. Surstylus. C – E. Surstylus. C. M. breviarista; D. M. conventa; E. M. flaviventris, HT. F. M. flaviventris, HT, male genitalia, lateral view. G – J. Male sternite 4 – 5. G. M. frontalis; H. M. breviarista; I. M. conventa. J. M. flaviventris, HT. Scale bar: 0.1. Holotype, ♂: CHILE. Coquimbo: Punta Teatinos (29 ° 49 '. 12 " S 71 ° 16 ' 59.88 " W), 16. ix. 1952, Kuschel (USNM, 3218610), in good condition. Paratypes: CHILE. Atacama: Copiopo, Nantoco, 540 m (27 ° 31 ' 59.88 " S 70 ° 16 '. 12 " W), 19. ix. 1952, Kuschel (2 ♂ BMNH, USNM, 3218611 – 2); Copiopo, Piedra Colgada, 254 m (27 ° 16 ' 59.88 " S 70 ° 28 '. 12 " W), 26. ix. 1952, Kuschel (♂ USNM, 3218609). Material of questionable identity: CHILE. Atacama: Copiopo, Nantoco, 540 m (27 ° 31 ' 59.88 " S 70 ° 16 '. 12 " W), 19. ix. 1952, Kuschel (♀ USNM, 3218620); Copiopo, Piedra Colgada, 254 m (27 ° 16 ' 59.88 " S 70 ° 28 '. 12 " W), 26. ix. 1952, Kuschel (♀ USNM, 3218619). Coquimbo: Punta Teatinos (29 ° 49 '. 12 " S 71 ° 16 ' 59.88 " W), 16. ix. 1952, Kuschel (♀ USNM, 3218618). Distribution. Northern Chile. Etymology. The species name, breviarista, is an arbitrary combination of letters derived from the Latin brevis = short and refers to the short arista of the species. Milichiella chilensis Brake, sp. n. Diagnosis. Differs from other members of the chilensis - group in the combination of parallel R 4 + 5 and M and T 3 – 4 mainly silvery microtomentose. Description. Body length: 1.9 mm; wing length: 2.1 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and upper orbital plates brown microtomentose, lunule black, basoflagellomere black, face black microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum slightly brown microtomentose, scutellum and pleuron same except for shiny spots on an- and katepisternum, wing hyaline, veins hyaline, brown spot at apex of vein R 1 absent, calypter white with light brown margin in parts, halter black, legs black; abdomen with T 2 brown microtomentose except for silvery posterolateral margins, T 3 – 5 silvery microtomentose except for anteromedial margin of T 3. Female coloration and vestiture: halter black, abdomen with T 2 – 5 slightly brown microtomentose. Head: frons with 2 orbital and 1 + 0.7 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 2.3 x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 2.5 x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with slight notch (2 om), posterior eye margin separating from head margin on ventral 2 / 3. Thorax: 3 + 1 dc, 2? prsc, 1 pprn, 1 prs, 2 keps setae, posterior prsc less than 0.8 x as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc absent. Wing with veins R 4 + 5 and M parallel (1.3); M-ratio is 2.1. Fore femur normal setulose, tibial organ?. Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T 1 into T 2 weak. Tergal chaetotaxy: T 2 anterolateral corner with 2 – 3 lines of setae, T 2 posterior margin with two rows of small setae, T 3 – 5 with one row. S 5 0.9 x as long as wide, 1.4 x as long and 1.6 x as wide as S 4, setulose, posterior margin slightly indented (see Pl. 10 I). Male genitalia same as M. conventa, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.3 x as long as epandrium, not bent, slightly dilated (1.2 x), about as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface without setulae (see Pl. 10 D). Special characters: arista short; anterior frontal seta inconspicuous, unusually distant from lunule; posterior half of mesonotum with few setulae, silvery microtomentum on male tergites long. Holotype, ♂: CHILE. Atacama: Copiopo, Nantoco, 540 m (27 ° 31 ' 59.88 " S 70 ° 16 '. 12 " W), 19. ix. 1952, Kuschel (USNM, 3218601), in fairly good condition. Paratypes, same data as HT (1 ♂ 1 ♀ USNM, 3218602, 3218616); CHILE. Coquimbo: Incahuasi (29 ° 13 ' 18.84 " S 71 ° 0 ' 42.84 " W), 30. ix. 1952, Kuschel (♂ USNM, 3218603). Additional material examined: CHILE. Tarapacá: Mamina (20 ° 4 ' 59.88 " S 69 ° 13 ' 59.88 " W), 15. ix. 1951, Pena (♂ USNM, 3218604). Distribution. Northern Chile. Etymology. The species name, chilensis, is derived from the type locality. Milichiella conventa Brake, sp. n. (Pl. 10 D, I) Diagnosis. Differs from other members of the chilensis - group in the strongly convergent R 4 + 5 and M. Description. Body length: 2.5 mm; wing length: 2.3 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and upper orbital plates brown microtomentose, lunule black, basoflagellomere black, face brown microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum slightly brown microtomentose, scutellum and pleuron same except for shiny spots on an- and katepisternum, wing hyaline, veins brown, brown spot at apex of vein R 1 absent, calypter hyaline with brown margin, halter black, legs black; abdomen with T 2 – 5 brown microtomentose except for large, posterolateral silvery spots on T 5 which are nearly connected in middle. Female coloration and vestiture: halter black, abdomen with T 2 – 5 slightly brown microtomentose. Head: frons with 2 + 0.5 orbital and 1 + 0.7 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 2.3 x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 2.5 x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with slight notch (2 om), posterior eye margin separating from head margin on ventral 2 / 3. Thorax: 3 + 1 dc, 3 prsc, 1 pprn, 1 prs, 2 keps setae, posterior prsc less than 0.8 x as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc?. Wing with veins R 4 + 5 and M strongly convergent (3.6); M-ratio is 1.4. Fore femur normal setulose, tibial organ?. Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T 1 into T 2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T 2 anterolateral corner with 2 – 3 lines of setae, T 2 – 5 brown parts setulose. S 5 0.9 x as long as wide, 1.4 x as long and 1.6 x as wide as S 4, setulose, posterior margin slightly indented (Pl. 10 I). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus shorter than longest epandrial seta, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.3 x as long as epandrium high, not bent, slightly dilated (1.2 x), slightly longer than wide (1.2 x), structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface without setulae (Pl. 10 D). Special characters: arista short; anterior frontal seta inconspicuous, unusually distant from lunule; wing venation special. Holotype, ♂: CHILE. Atacama: Vallenar (28 ° 34 ' 14.88 " S 70 ° 45 ' 29.16 " W), 18. ix. 1952, Kuschel (USNM, 3218607), in fairly good condition. Paratypes: CHILE. Atacama: Copiopo, Nantoco, 540 m (27 ° 31 ' 59.88 " S 70 ° 16 '. 12 " W), 19. ix. 1952, Kuschel (1 ♂ 1 ♀ USNM, 3218606, 3218617). Valparaiso: Rio Acoricagua, N bank, floodplain, near mouth, opposite (32 ° 55 ' S, 70 ° 31 ' W), 6. xi. 1996, Norrbom & Steck (♂ USNM, 3218605). Material of questionable identity: CHILE. Coquimbo: Punta Teatinos (29 ° 49 '. 12 " S 71 ° 16 ' 59.88 " W), 16. ix. 1952, Kuschel (♂ USNM, 3218608). Distribution. Northern and middle Chile. Etymology. The species name, conventa, is an adjective derived from the Latin verb convergere = convergent.	en	Brake, Irina (2009): Revision of Milichiella Giglio-Tos (Diptera, Milichiidae) 2188. Zootaxa 2188 (1): 1-166, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2188.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2188.1.1
03AB0903FF80FF9BFF5A61E4BC61FACC.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Eastern North America, from Michigan and Ontario, south to Brazil. Milichiella cavernae Brake, sp. n. (Pl. 27 A, D, G) Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of grey microtomentose mesonotum, white wing, black halter and narrow notch in posterior eye margin. Description. Body length: 2.2 mm; wing length: 2.2 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons grey, with more or less pronounced median brown stripe, ocellar triangle and orbital plates grey microtomentose, lunule yellow, basoflagellomere basomedially yellow, face grey microtomentose, ventrally yellow, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum grey microtomentose with 5 more or less visible dark stripes; middle stripe extends onto scutellum, pleuron ventrally more brownish microtomentose, anepisternum with horizontal shiny stripe, wing white, veins yellow white, brown spot at apex of vein R 1 absent, calypter white, halter black, legs black except for lighter bases of femora and tips of tibiae; abdomen with T 2 – 5 silvery microtomentose except for shiny black narrow posterior tip and posterolateral corners of T 5. Female coloration and vestiture: palpus yellow, halter yellow, abdomen with T 2 – 5 brown microtomentose. Head: frons with 2 (female: 2 + 0.5) orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta slightly medioreclinate. In males frons 2.1 x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 4.2 x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with narrow notch (3 om) and narrow emargination (1 om). Thorax: 2 dc, 1 prsc, 1 pprn, 1 prs, 2 keps setae, posterior prsc less than 0.8 x as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc absent. Wing with veins R 4 + 5 and M convergent (2.2); M-ratio is 2.8. Fore femur normal setulose, tibial organ absent. Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T 1 into T 2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T 2 anterolateral corner with single line of setae, T 2 – 4 posterior margin with 1 row of scarce setulae, tip of T 5 with long setae. S 5 0.8 x as long as wide, 1.2 x as long and 2.3 x as wide as S 4, posterior margin indented, nearly crescent shaped, long setulae (Pl. 27 G). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus much shorter than longest epandrial seta, 2 long posteroventral setae on epandrium, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.5 x as long as epandrium high, dilated apically (1.3 x), 1.3 x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface without setulae, but some long sensilla at margin (Pl. 27 A, D). Special characters: Male abdominal tergites and sternites 1 – 4 more or less yellow, silvery microtomentum long. Holotype, ♂: TRINIDAD & TOBAGO. Trinidad: Saint Andrew Co., Tamana Caves (10 ° 28 '. 12 " N 61 ° 12 ' 0 " W), 17. xi. 1966, Darlington (USNM, 3216633), in good condition. Paratypes, same data as HT (15 ♂ 21 ♀ USNM, BMNH, 3216631 – 43, 3216646 – 48, 3216677 – 95, 3216698 – 99); HONDURAS. Atlantida: Corozal Town (15 ° 48 ' 0 " N 86 ° 43 '. 12 " W), 30. viii. 1967, Lacy & Lacy (♀ USNM, 3216675); JAMAICA. Surrey: Kingston, Kingston (17 ° 58 '. 12 " N 76 ° 48 ' 0 " W), 1 – 31. x. 1950, Krauss (♀ USNM, 3216700); PANAMA. Darien: Garachine (8 ° 4 '. 12 " N 78 ° 22 '. 12 " W), 14. ii. 1952, Blanton (♂ USNM, 3216649); Panama: Chilibre, Chilibrillo caves (9 ° 9 ' 0 " N 79 ° 37 '. 12 " W), Tipton (9 ♂ 2 ♀ USNM, 3216663 – 73); Fort Clayton (9 ° 1 '. 12 " N 79 ° 34 '. 12 " W), 1951 (3 ♂ 4 ♀ USNM, 3216656 – 62); San Carlos (8 ° 28 ' 59.88 " N 79 ° 57 ' 0 " W), 17. ix. 1952, Blanton (♀ USNM, 3216650); VENEZUELA. Zuila, Carrasquero (11 ° 2 ' 4.92 " N 72 ° 0 ' 9 " W), 29 – 30. v. 1976, Menke & Vincent (♂ USNM, 3216655). Additional material examined: BRAZIL. Ceara: (5 ° 0 ' 0 " S 40 ° 0 ' 0 " W), Rocha (4 ♂ USNM, 3216651 – 4); VENEZUELA. Falcon: Paraguana Peninsula, Buena Vista, Cueva del Guano, 100 m (11 ° 52 ' 59.88 " N 69 ° 57 ' 0 " W), 3. iii. 1971, Peck (1 ♂ 31 ♀ DEBU, 3217731 – 62). Material of questionable identity: ARGENTINA. Formosa: Clorinda (25 ° 16 '. 12 " S 57 ° 45 ' 0 " W), 1 – 30. xi. 1949, Golbach (♂ USNM, 3218980). Salta: Embarcación (23 ° 15 ' 0 " S 64 ° 4 ' 59.88 " W), 2 – 6. ii. 1950, Golbach (♂ USNM, 3218979). Distribution: Honduras to Jamaica, south to Panama and Trinidad, east to northern Brazil (Ceara),? Argentina. Etymology. The species name, cavernae, is a noun in the genitive case derived from the Latin caverna = cave, referring to the caves in which the specimens have been collected. Remarks. Milichiella cavernae has been collected in caves and reared from bat dung.	en	Brake, Irina (2009): Revision of Milichiella Giglio-Tos (Diptera, Milichiidae) 2188. Zootaxa 2188 (1): 1-166, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2188.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2188.1.1
03AB0903FF80FF9BFF5A61E4BC61FACC.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of grey microtomentose mesonotum, white wing, yellow halter, yellow palpus and narrow notch in posterior eye margin. Description. Body length:? mm; wing length: 1.9 – 2.1 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons grey, ocellar triangle and orbital plates grey microtomentose, lunule brown, basoflagellomere basomedially yellow, face grey microtomentose, ventrally yellow, palpus yellow; thorax with mesonotum grey microtomentose with 5 more or less visible dark stripes; middle stripe extends onto scutellum, pleuron ventrally more brownish microtomentose, anepisternum with small shiny spot, wing white, veins yellow white, brown spot at apex of vein R 1 absent, calypter white, halter yellow, legs black; abdomen with T 2 – 5 silvery microtomentose except for shiny black narrow posterior tip and posterolateral corners of T 5. Female coloration and vestiture: halter yellow, abdomen with T 2 – 5 brown microtomentose. Head: frons with 2 (female with 2 + 0.4) orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta slightly medioreclinate. In males frons 2.9 x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 5.1 x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with narrow notch (3 om) and no emargination. Thorax: 2 dc, 1 prsc, 1 pprn, 1 prs, 2 keps setae, posterior prsc less than 0.8 x as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc absent. Wing with veins R 4 + 5 and M convergent (~ 2.0); M-ratio is 2.5. Fore femur normal setulose, tibial organ absent. Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T 1 into T 2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T 2 anterolateral corner with single line of setae, T 2 – 4 posterior margin with 1 row of scarce setulae, tip of T 5 with long setae. S 5 1.1 x as long as wide, 1.5 x as long and 2.5 x as wide as S 4, trapezoid, posterior margin indented, setulose (Pl. 11 J). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus longer than epandrial setae, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus less than half as long as epandrium high, dilated apically (1.6 x), 5.0 x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface without setulae (Pl. 11 E, F). Special characters: silvery microtomentum on male tergites long and in rows. Holotype, ♀: PUERTO RICO. Bayamon: Bayamon (18 ° 24 ' 0 " N 66 ° 10 '. 12 " W), 1 – 31. i. 1899, Busck (USNM, 3218319; 4388), specimen lost, only pin with drop of glue left. Additional material examined (all USNM): CUBA. Havana (23 ° 7 '. 12 " N 82 ° 21 ' 0 " W), 28. i. 1956 (♀, 3216626); DOMINICA. Roseau (15 ° 18 ' 0 " N 61 ° 22 ' 59.88 " W), 1 – 30. xi. 1967, Krauss (♀, 3216627); DOMINI- CAN REPUBLIC. (19 ° 0 ' 0 " N 70 ° 40 '. 12 " E), 6. viii. 1905, Busck (♂, 3216622); GUYANA. Cuyuni- Mazaruni: Mazaruni Potaro Distr., Kartabo Point (5 ° 0 ' 0 " N 59 ° 30 ' 0 " W), 27. xii. 1983 (1 ♂ 1 ♀, 3216623 – 4); HONDURAS. Cortes: San Pedro Sula [?] (15 ° 25 ' 59.88 " N 88 ° 1 '. 12 " W), 23. x. 1956 (♀, 3216625). Material of questionable identity: BRAZIL. Santa Catarina: Nova Teutonia, 300 – 500 m (27 ° 11 ' S, 52 ° 23 ' W), 16. ix. 1944, Plaumann (♀ USNM, 3216674); PANAMA. Colon: E shore Gatun Lake, near Colon (9 ° 12 ' 0 " N 79 ° 55 '. 12 " W), 2 – 14. vii. 1979, Broadhead (♀ USNM, 3216676); BOLIVIA. Santa Cruz: Boyuibe, 11 km W, 940 m (20 ° 25 '. 12 " S 63 ° 16 ' 59.88 " W), 18. viii. – 2. ix. 2000, Irwin & Hauser (♀ DEBU, 3217728); COLOMBIA. (4 ° 0 ' 0 " N 72 ° 0 ' 0 " W), 1 – 31. v. 1939, Dahl (♂ USNM, 3216629); COSTA RICA. Alajuela: Volcan Tenorio, Bijagua Biological Station, 700 m (10 ° 43 ' 59.88 " N 85 ° 6 ' 0 " W), 20. vi. 2000, Buck (2 ♀ DEBU, 3217729 – 30). Distribution: Honduras and Cuba, east to Dominica and south to Guyana,? Brazil (Santa Catarina). Remarks. The female type specimen of M. cinerea is lost. A male and female from Guyana were the only pair of the specimens available from a single collecting event that fit the original description of M. cinerea and were chosen as representatives of the species. Some specimens have been collected closer to the type locality, but never both sexes together, which made the allocation of the correct male to the original description of the female difficult. Milichiella cinerea has been reared from dry frass in a basal tree hole. Questionable specimens were collected through canopy fogging in humid forest and in Malaise traps and pans. Pl. 11: A – B. Male genitalia, lateral view. A. Milichiella plaumanni, HT; B. M. sp. F. C – D. M. tricincta. C. Surstylus; D. Male genitalia, lateral view. E – F. M. cinerea. E. Male genitalia, lateral view; F. Surstylus. G – J. Male sternite 4 – 5. G. M. plaumanni, HT; H. M. sp. F; I. M. tricincta; J. M. cinerea. Scale bar: 0.1. Milichiella urbana Malloch, 1913 (Pl. 23 A, B, G)	en	Brake, Irina (2009): Revision of Milichiella Giglio-Tos (Diptera, Milichiidae) 2188. Zootaxa 2188 (1): 1-166, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2188.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2188.1.1
03AB0903FF80FF9BFF5A61E4BC61FACC.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Differs from other congeners in the combination of silvery grey microtomentose mesonotum, white wing, black palpus and wide notch in posterior eye margin. Description. Body length: 2.4 – 2.5 mm; wing length: 2.3 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons sometimes greyish, ocellar triangle and orbital plates silvery grey or brown microtomentose, lunule brown, basoflagellomere brown, face greyish microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum silvery grey microtomentose, sometimes with pair of brown stripes anteriorly and with different degree of brown shine, scutellum silvery grey microtomentose, pleuron brown microtomentose, wing white, veins white, brown spot at apex of vein R 1 absent, calypter white, halter yellow (var.: black), legs black except for yellowish basitarsi (var.: completely black); abdomen with T 1 – 5 silvery microtomentose except for brown microtomentose anterolateral corners of T 2 and posterolateral corners of T 5. Female coloration and vestiture: thorax with mesonotum brown microtomentose with a slight silvery shine, wing veins yellowish, halter yellow, abdomen with T 2 – 5 subshiny brown. Head: frons with 2 + 0.7 orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 2.0 x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 6.0 x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista shorter than base of arista wide, posterior eye margin with wide notch (8 om) and narrow emargination (2 om). Female posterior eye margin with notch (6 om), wide emargination (3 om). Thorax: 2 – 5 dc, 1 – 2 prsc, 1 pprn, 1 prs, 1 – 2 keps setae, posterior prsc less than 0.8 x as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc absent. Wing with veins R 4 + 5 and M weakly convergent (1.9); M-ratio is 3.3. Fore femur normal setulose, tibial organ absent. Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T 1 into T 2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T 2 anterolateral corner with single line of setae, T 2 – 4 posterior margin with 1 row of setulae. S 5 1.2 x as long as wide, 1.3 x as long and 1.4 x as wide as S 4, setulose with relatively long setulae; triangular apodeme in middle of anterior margin of S 4 + 5 (Pl. 23 G). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus as long as epandrial setae, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.5 x as long as epandrium high, slightly bent anteriorly, slightly dilated apically (1.2 x), 1.8 x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface without setulae, some long sensilla at margin (Pl. 23 A, B). Milichiella populi Paratypes: UNITED STATES. Michigan: Wayne Co., Grosse Ile (42 ° 7 '. 12 " N 83 ° 9 ' 0 " E), 27. vi. 1948, Steyskal (3 ♂ USNM, 3216448 – 9, 3216453), 3. vii. 1948 (2 ♂ USNM, 3216451 – 2), 5. vii. 1948 (♂ USNM, 3216450), 25. vii. 1948 (♂ USNM, 3216454). Additional material examined (USNM unless otherwise indicated): CANADA. Ontario: Essex Co., Point Pelee National Park, wooded area by W beach (41 ° 59 ' N, 82 ° 27.5 ' W), 10 – 21. viii. 1999, Lonsdale (3 ♂ 6 ♀ DEBU, 3217702 – 4, 3217721 – 6), 21. viii. – 10. ix. 1999 (2 ♂ 3 ♀ DEBU, 3217700 – 1, 321705 – 7); Point Pelee National Park (41 ° 59 ' N, 82 ° 27.5 ' W), 20 – 26. vii. 1999, Tesolin (2 ♀ DEBU, 3217719 – 20), 26. vii. – 4. viii. 1999 (5 ♂ DEBU, 3217708 – 12), 4 – 10. viii. 1999 (3 ♂ 3 ♀ DEBU, 3217713 – 8); Ottawa (45 ° 25 '. 12 " N 75 ° 43 '. 12 " W), 17. vii. 1979, Teskey (♀ CNC, 3217148); UNITED STATES. Delaware: Sussex Co., Gumboro (38 ° 28 '. 12 " N 75 ° 21 ' 0 " W), 2. viii. 1952, Sabrosky (♂, 3216470). District of Columbia: Patuxent Refuge (39 ° 19 ' 59.88 " N 77 ° 10 '. 12 " W), 10. vii. 1924, Malloch (♂, 3216468); Washington (38 ° 52 ' 59.88 " N 77 ° 1 ' 59.88 " W), 8. vii. 1925, Malloch (♀, 3216472). Florida: Jackson Co., Florida Caverns St. Park (30 ° 48 ' 0 " N 85 ° 13 '. 12 " W), 26. v. 1973, Wirth (♀, 3216619); Leon Co., Tall Timbers Research Station (30 ° 25 ' 59.88 " N 84 ° 16 '. 12 " W), 29. v. 1973, Wirth (♀, 3216620). Michigan: Saginaw Co. (43 ° 19 ' 59.88 " N 84 ° 1 ' 59.88 " E), 23. viii. 1942, Dreisbach (♀, 3216618); Wayne Co., Grosse Ile (42 ° 7 '. 12 " N 83 ° 9 ' 0 " E), 19. vi. 1949, Steyskal (♂, 3216466), 27. vi. 1949 (♂, 3216465), 28. vi. 1951 (4 ♂, 3216458 – 62), 7. vii. 1949 (2 ♂ USNM, BMNH, 3216463 – 4), 27. vii. 1951 (2 ♂, 3216455, 3216457), 28. vii. 1951 (♂, 3216460). New York: Lawrence Co., Coles Creek St. Park (44 ° 49 ' 59.88 " N 75 ° 6 ' 0 " W), 10. viii. 1976, Alm (♀, 3216614). Pennsylvania: Philadelphia Co., Philadelphia (39 ° 57 ' 0 " N 75 ° 9 ' 0 " W), 1 – 31. vii. 1926, Johnson (♂, 3216469). Tennessee: Anderson Co., Oak Ridge (36 ° 0 ' 0 " N 84 ° 16 '. 12 " W), 23. vi. 1955, Howden (1 ♂ 1 ♀, 3216467, 3216471). Texas: Travis Co., Austin (30 ° 16 '. 12 " N 97 ° 43 ' 59.88 " W), 10. x. 1950, Wheeler (♀, 3216617). Milichiella urbana var. 1: UNITED STATES. West Virginia: Kanawha Co., So. Charleston (38 ° 19 ' 59.88 " N 81 ° 37 '. 12 " W), 4. vi. 1982, Adler (♂ USNM, 3216621). Distribution: Eastern North America, from Michigan and Ontario south to Florida, also Texas. Remarks. The holotype of Milichiella urbana is lost. According to the original description the type was deposited in the author's collection, which is now in USNM. However, it was not found there. One male from West Virginia has black halteres and tarsi. Milichiella urbana has been collected in Malaise and pan traps, from a beech tree hole and a sandy creek. Milichiella sp. F (Pl. 11 B, H) Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of grey microtomentose mesonotum, scutellum and pleura, as well as hyaline wing and silvery white microtomentose T 2 – 5. Description. Body length: 1.7 mm; wing length: 2.0 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons grey, ocellar triangle and orbital plates grey microtomentose, lunule black, basoflagellomere basomedially red, face grey microtomentose, palpus dark; thorax with mesonotum grey microtomentose, scutellum and pleuron same, wing hyaline, veins light brown, brown spot at apex of vein R 1 absent, calypter hyaline, halter light brown, legs black except for yellow fore coxa, basal half of fore femur, tip of fore and middle tibia, and tarsi; abdomen with T 2 – 5 silvery white microtomentose. Female coloration and vestiture: palpus yellowish, thorax with mesonotum grey microtomentose, slight indication of brown stripes, calypter light brown, halter light brown, abdomen with T 2 – 5 brown microtomentose. Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 1.6 x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 4.0 x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with notch (3 om) and emargination (2 om). Thorax: 2 dc, 1 prsc, 1 pprn, 1 prs, 2 keps setae, posterior prsc less than 0.8 x as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc absent. Wing with veins R 4 + 5 and M convergent (2.2); M-ratio is> 3. Fore femur normal setulose, tibial organ absent. Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T 1 into T 2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T 2 anterolateral corner with single line of setae, T 2 – 4 posterior margin with 1 row of very scarce setulae, tip of T 5 with some more setae. S 5 0.9 x as long as wide, 1.2 x as long and 3.3 x as wide as S 4, roughly triangular posterior margin indented, scarcely setulose (Pl. 11 H). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus shorter than longest epandrial seta, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.7 x as long as epandrium high, dilated apically (2.1 x), 7.1 x as long as high, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface without setulae, some longer sensilla along anterior margin (Pl. 11 B). Material examined: ECUADOR. Morona-Santiago: Rio Cuangos, Cuevas de Los Tayos (3 ° 7 ' S, 78 ° 12 ' W), 16. vii. 1976, Hutson (1 ♂ 2 ♀ BMNH, 3215778 – 80). Distribution: Ecuador. Remarks. Milichiella sp. F is not named because the description is based on only one male, which is not in very good condition. Milichiella sp. G (Pl. 28 C, D, G) Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the grey microtomentose mesonotum in combination with brown microtomentose pleura, yellow bases and tips of tibiae, and silvery microtomentose T 2 – 5. Description. Body length:? mm; wing length: ~ 2.3 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons grey except for yellow anterior margin, ocellar triangle, orbital and frontal plates grey microtomentose, lunule yellow, basoflagellomere basomedially yellow, face greyish microtomentose, palpus with at least tip black; thorax with mesonotum grey microtomentose, scutellum same, pleuron brown microtomentose except for shiny spots, wing hyaline, veins yellowish, brown spot at apex of vein R 1 weak, calypter hyaline, halter yellow, legs black except for yellow bases and tips of all tibiae and tarsi; abdomen with T 2 – 5 silvery microtomentose. Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 2.1 x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 3.3 x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with wide notch (7 – 8 om) and narrow emargination (1 om). Thorax: 2 dc,? prsc, 1 pprn, 1 prs, 2 keps setae, posterior prsc less than 0.8 x as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc absent. Wing with veins R 4 + 5 and M slightly convergent (1.7); M-ratio is 2.5. Fore femur normal setulose, tibial organ absent. Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T 1 into T 2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T 2 anterolateral corner with single line of setae, T 2 – 4 posterior margin with 1 row of scarce setulae. S 5 0.9 x as long as wide, 1.3 x as long and 1.1 x as wide as S 4, roundish with posterior margin indented, setulose (Pl. 28 G). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus longer than epandrial setae, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.8 x as long as epandrium high, bent posteriorly, dilated apically (1.6 x), 4.0 x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface without setulae (Pl. 28 C, D). Material examined: ARGENTINA. Tucumán: Villa Padre Monti (26 ° 28 ' 59.88 " S 64 ° 58 '. 12 " W), 17. i. – 7. ii. 1948, Golbach (♂ USNM, 3216630); UNITED STATES. South Carolina: Beaufort Co., Fripp I. (32 ° 22 '. 12 " N 80 ° 49 ' 59.88 " W), 26. ix. 1973, Steyskal (♂ USNM, 3216628). Distribution. Argentina, South Carolina. Remarks. The description of Milichiella sp. G is based on two male specimens that are very similar. However, they were collected far apart (South Carolina and Argentina) and one of the males is slightly discoloured. Therefore, I refrain from naming the species.	en	Brake, Irina (2009): Revision of Milichiella Giglio-Tos (Diptera, Milichiidae) 2188. Zootaxa 2188 (1): 1-166, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2188.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2188.1.1
03AB0903FFFAFF98FF5A62FCBC4AFB8F.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Guatemala east to Suriname, south to middle Peru.	en	Brake, Irina (2009): Revision of Milichiella Giglio-Tos (Diptera, Milichiidae) 2188. Zootaxa 2188 (1): 1-166, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2188.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2188.1.1
03AB0903FFFAFF98FF5A62FCBC4AFB8F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of ocellar triangle brown microtomentose, mesonotum reddish brown microtomentose, and male T 2 – 5 brown microtomentose except for silvery wide anterior margins of T 3 – 4, which widen laterally on T 3 – 4, T 5 silvery anteriorly, middle brown and tip subshiny black. Description. Body length: 2.3 – 2.8 mm; wing length: 2.4 – 2.8 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and orbital plate brown microtomentose, frontal plate greyish, lunule brown, basoflagellomere black, face dark grey microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum densely reddish brown microtomentose, scutellum and pleuron same except for grey microtomentose area around anterior spiracle and base of fore coxa, wing slightly brown grey, veins brown, brown spot at apex of vein R 1 absent, calypter brown with dark margin, halter black, legs black except for yellow tips of tibiae, and basitarsi, fore and hind tarsus with conspicuous yellow brush; abdomen with T 2 – 5 brown microtomentose except for silvery wide anterior margins of T 3 – 4, which widen laterally on T 3 – 4, T 5 silvery anteriorly, middle brown and tip subshiny black. Female coloration and vestiture: halter yellow, abdomen with T 2 – 5 brown microtomentose. Head: frons with 2 + 0.3 orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons about 2.5 x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 4.1 x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with slight notch (3 om) and very slight emargination (1 – 2 om). Thorax: 2 dc, 1 prsc, 1 pprn, 1 prs, 2 keps setae, posterior prsc as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc small. Wing with veins R 4 + 5 and M nearly parallel; M-ratio is 2.5. Fore femur normal setulose, tibial organ absent. Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T 1 into T 2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T 2 anterolateral corner with more than 3 lines of setae, T 2 – 5 with scattered setulae on posterior part, lateral margins with long setae. S 5 1.7 x as long as wide, 1.7 x as long and 1.9 x as wide as S 4, posterior margin indented, setulose in hour glass shape (Pl. 12 E, F). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus as long as longest epandrial setae, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.6 x as long as epandrium high, bent posteriorly, dilated apically (1.6 x), 3.6 x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface with row of 4 – 5 long setae near anterior margin (Pl. 12 C). Lectotype, ♂: PERU. Pasco: Pichis, Puerto Bermudez (10 ° 16 ' 59.88 " S 74 ° 55 ' 59.88 " W), 20. xii. 1903, Schnuse (SMTD, 3217293), in suboptimal condition, head partly damaged. The type series consists of 3 males from Peru. There are 7 specimens in SMTD that fit the locality and date. One of these bears Becker's identification label and is here designated as the lectotype. Which of the other specimens are paralectotypes cannot be ascertained. Possible paralectotypes, same data as LT (5 ♂ SMTD, 3217294 – 7, 3217303), 1 – 31. xii. 1903 (♂ SMTD, 3217298). Additional material examined (USNM unless otherwise indicated): BOLIVIA. La Paz: Guanay, 22 km SE, 540 m (15 ° 17.8 ' S, 68 ° 15.6 ' W), 17. iii. 2001, Mathis (♂, 3218599); COLOMBIA. La Combre (4 ° 0 ' 0 " N 72 ° 0 ' 0 " W), 17. v. 1914, Parish (♂, 3216942); COSTA RICA. Alajuela: San Mateo, Higuito (9 ° 57 ' 0 " N 84 ° 33 ' 0 " W), Schild (♀, 3217312). Cartago: La Suiza (9 ° 51 ' 0 " N 83 ° 37 '. 12 " W), 12. vi. 1926, Schild (♂, 3216940), 24. vi. 1926 (4 ♂, 3216937 – 8), 1 – 30. vii. 1926 (♂, 3216941). San Jose: Farm La Caja (9 ° 58 '. 12 " N 84 ° 7 '. 12 " W), 29. vii. 19 ??, Schmidt (♂, 3217302), 30. vii. 19 ?? (♂, 3217299), 8. viii. 19 ?? (♀, 3218146), 10. viii. 19 ?? (2 ♂ BMNH, USNM, 3217300 – 1); San Pedro de Montes de Oca (9 ° 55 ' 59.88 " N 84 ° 3 ' 0 " W), 3. ii. 1935, Ballou (2 ♂, 3217311); EL SALVADOR. San Salvador: San Salvador (13 ° 40 '. 12 " N 89 ° 10 '. 12 " W), 4. v. 1958, Cartwright (♂, 3217316); GUATEMALA. Izabal: Quirigua (15 ° 16 '. 12 " N 89 ° 4 ' 59.88 " W), 8. v. 1926, Aldrich (♂, 3217315); PANAMA. Panama: Ancon, Ancon Hospital Ground (8 ° 58 '. 12 " N 79 ° 33 ' 0 " W), 2. vii. 1918, Dietz (♂, 3217313); Pedro Miguel (9 ° 1 '. 12 " N 79 ° 37 '. 12 " W), 9. ix. 1946, Krauss (♂, 3217314); PERU. Huanuco: Cachicoto, 457 m (9 ° 5 ' S, 76 ° 9 ' 0 " W), 16. ix. 1965, Hitchcock (3 ♂, 3217304 – 6). Loreto: Iquitos (3 ° 46 '. 12 " S 73 ° 15 ' 0 " W), 1. iii. – 30. iv. 1931, Shannon (3 ♂, 3217308 – 10). Distribution: Guatemala south to middle Peru. Remarks. It is possible that Milichiella cingulata is a variety of M. dimidiata as it differs only in the partly brown male T 2 – 5. Milichiella cingulata was collected on Ipomoea tiliacea (Willd.) (Convolvulaceae). Pl. 12: A – B. Milichiella dimidiata. A. male genitalia, lateral view; B. Surstylus. C. M. cingulata, male genitalia, lateral view. D – F. Male sternite 4 – 5. D. M. dimidiata; E – F. M. cingulata. E. non-type; F. possible PLT. Scale bar: 0.1.	en	Brake, Irina (2009): Revision of Milichiella Giglio-Tos (Diptera, Milichiidae) 2188. Zootaxa 2188 (1): 1-166, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2188.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2188.1.1
03AB0903FFFAFF98FF5A62FCBC4AFB8F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of brown microtomentose frons and mesonotum, brown calypter, wing hyaline with brownish tinge and T 2 – 5 silvery microtomentose except for subshiny black tip of T 5 and brown microtomentose line between silvery and black part. Description. Body length: 2 mm; wing length: 2.3 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons brown, ocellar triangle and orbital plates brown microtomentose, lunule brown, basoflagellomere black, face greyish microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum brown microtomentose, scutellum same, pleuron dorsally brown microtomentose anteroventrally dark grey microtomentose, wing hyaline with slight brownish tinge, veins brown, brown spot at apex of vein R 1 absent, calypter brown, halter black, legs black except for orange bases and tips of tibiae, and yellow basitarsi; abdomen with T 2 – 5 silvery microtomentose, except for brown microtomentose middle and black subshiny tip of T 5; margin between silvery and brown parts gradual. Head: frons with 2 + 0.3 orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 2.3 x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 4.8 x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with notch (4 om) and emargination (2 om). Thorax: 2 dc, 1 prsc, 1 pprn, 1 prs, 2 keps setae, posterior prsc less than 0.8 x as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc absent. Wing with veins R 4 + 5 and M nearly parallel (1.3); M-ratio is 3.0. Fore femur normal setulose, tibial organ absent. Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T 1 into T 2?. Tergal chaetotaxy: T 2 anterolateral corner with 2 – 3 lines of setae, T 2 – 4 posterior margin with 1 row of setulae, line of long setae along crease. S 5 1.8 x as long as wide, 1.7 x as long and 1.3 x as wide as S 4, posterior margin indented, setulose, strongly setulose at posterior margin (Pl. 12 D). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus as long as longest epandrial setae, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.6 x as long as epandrium high, dilated posteroapically (1.3 x), 2.3 x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface with row of 4 – 5 long setae near anterior margin (Pl. 12 A, B). Holotype, ♂: SURINAME. Cordua (4 ° 0 ' 0 " N 56 ° 0 ' 0 " W) (SMF, 3216583), bad condition, head, one wing and some legs missing, thorax damaged, abdomen dissected. Additional material examined: TRINIDAD & TOBAGO. Trinidad: Saint George Co., Aripe Valley, 152 m (11 ° 13 ' N, 60 ° 42 ' W), 29. i. 1976, Stubbs (♂ BMNH, 3216927); Curepe, Santa Margarita (10 ° 37 ' 59.88 " N 61 ° 24 ' 0 " W), 14 – 16. vi. 1972, Pitkin (♂ BMNH, 3216924). Material near Milichiella dimidiata: BRAZIL. Santa Catarina: Nova Teutonia, 300 – 500 m (27 ° 11 ' S, 52 ° 23 ' W), 7. iv. 1938, Plaumann (♂ BMNH, 3216929), 30. iv. 1938 (♂ BMNH, 3216930), 1 – 30. xi. 1966 (♂ CNC, 3217855). Distribution. Suriname, Trinidad. Remarks. The males from Brazil, Nova Teutonia, with hyaline wings and the same shape of the male genitalia but with a sternite shape more similar to Milichiella sculpta probably belong to a separate species. Milichiella dimidiata has been collected in Malaise traps.	en	Brake, Irina (2009): Revision of Milichiella Giglio-Tos (Diptera, Milichiidae) 2188. Zootaxa 2188 (1): 1-166, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2188.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2188.1.1
03AB0903FFF9FF90FF5A63BBBFE3F981.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Washington to Maryland, south to Venezuela and northern Chile. Milichiella brevirostris Brake, sp. n. (Pl. 13 B, C, I) Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of yellow halter, light brown calypter, male T 2 – 5 silvery microtomentose except for shiny black posterior half of T 5, and face not protruding. Description. Body length: 1.6 – 2.3 mm; wing length: 2.0 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and upper orbital plates shiny black, lunule black, basoflagellomere black, face brown microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum shiny black, scutellum microtomentose, sometimes shiny in middle, pleuron mostly shiny black, only dorsally slightly microtomentose, wing hyaline, veins light brown, brown spot at apex of vein R 1 absent, calypter light brown, halter yellow, legs black except for yellow mid and hind basitarsus; abdomen with T 2 – 5 silvery microtomentose except for shiny black posterior half of T 5. Female coloration and vestiture: halter yellow, abdomen with T 1 – 4 brown microtomentose, T 5 shiny. Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta slightly medioreclinate. In males frons 2.2 x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 4.7 x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with narrow notch (3 om) and emargination (1 – 2 om). Thorax: 2 dc, 1 prsc, 1 pprn, 1 prs, 2 keps setae, posterior prsc less than 0.8 x as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc absent. Wing with veins R 4 + 5 and M convergent (1.8); M-ratio is 2.0. Fore femur normal setulose, tibial organ absent. Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T 1 into T 2 weak. Tergal chaetotaxy: T 2 anterolateral corner with single line of setae, T 2 – 4 posterior margin with 1 row of scarce setulae, tip of T 5 with long setae. S 5 1.2 x as long as wide,? x as long and 2.7 x as wide as S 4, posterior margin indented, setulose on posterior half (Pl. 13 I). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus shorter than longest epandrial seta, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.5 x as long as epandrium high, very slightly dilated apically (1.1 x), very broad (1.2 x as long as wide), structure of lateral surface honeycomb-like, medial surface without setulae (Pl. 13 B, C). Special characters: labellum about as long as palpus. Pl. 13: A. Milichiella virginae, HT, surstylus. B. M. brevirostris, male genitalia, lateral view. C – F. Surstylus. C. M. brevirostris; D. M. zaiziksensis; E. M. variata. F. M. faviformis. G. M. zaiziksensis, male genitalia, lateral view. H – L. Male sternite 4 – 5. H. M. virginae, HT; I. M. brevirostris; J. M. variata; K. M. faviformis; L. M. zaiziksensis. Scale bar: 0.1. Holotype, ♂: UNITED STATES. Mississippi: Adams Co., Natchez (31 ° 33 ' 0 " N 91 ° 24 ' 0 " W), 20. v. 1909, Tucker (USNM, 3216703) in good condition. Paratypes, same data as HT (♂ BMNH, 3216704), 25. v. 1909 (♀ USNM, 3216716), 20. vi. 1909 (♀ USNM, 3216717); UNITED STATES. Georgia: Tift Co., Tifton (31 ° 27 ' 0 " N 83 ° 30 ' 0 " W), 27. viii. 1896 (♂ USNM, 3216718). Illinois: Macoupin Co., Carlinville (39 ° 16 '. 12 " N 89 ° 52 '. 12 " W), 22. vi. 1955, Wheeler (♂ USNM, 3216707). Maryland: Prince Georges Co., Bladensburg (38 ° 55 ' 59.88 " N 76 ° 55 ' 59.88 " W), 11. viii. 19 ??, Barber (♂ USNM, 3216705). Missouri (38 ° 0 ' 0 " N 98 ° 0 ' 0 " W), 1 – 28. ii. 1970, Hull (♂ CNC, 3217763). Texas: Travis Co., Austin (30 ° 16 '. 12 " N 97 ° 43 ' 59.88 " W), 16. x. 1950, Wheeler (♂ USNM, 3216708), 23. x. 1951 (♂ USNM, 3216709). Virginia: Alexandria Co., Maywood (38 ° 52 ' 49.24 " N 77 ° 6 ' 29.74 " W), 17. vi. 1922, McAtee (♂ USNM, 3216706). Distribution: Illinois to Maryland, south to Texas and Georgia. Etymology. The species name, brevirostris is derived from the Latin brevis = short and rostrum = proboscis and refers to the short proboscis in comparison to M. longirostris. Milichiella faviformis Brake, sp. n. (Pl. 13 F, K) Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of shiny black mesonotum and middle of scutellum, black halter and black legs, male T 2 – 5 silvery white microtomentose except for shiny posterior extended third of T 5, and silvery microtomentum extremely long and in rows. Description. Body length: 2.0 mm; wing length: 1.9 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates shiny black, lunule dark brown, basoflagellomere black, face brown microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum shiny black, scutellum shiny in middle and laterally slightly brown microtomentose, pleuron slightly brown microtomentose, wing hyaline, veins light brown, brown spot at apex of vein R 1 absent, calypter white, halter black, legs black; abdomen with T 2 – 5 silvery white microtomentose except for brown microtomentose anterolateral corner of T 2, and shiny posterior extended third of T 5. Female coloration and vestiture: halter yellow, abdomen with T 1 – 4 brown microtomentose except for lateral sides, T 5 shiny. Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 2.6 x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 3.2 x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with narrow notch (3 om) and emargination (1 om). Thorax: 2 dc, 1 prsc, 1 pprn, 1 + 0.5 prs, 2 keps setae, posterior prsc less than 0.8 x as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc absent. Wing with veins R 4 + 5 and M convergent (3.3); M-ratio is 2.5. Fore femur normal setulose, tibial organ absent. Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T 1 into T 2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T 2 anterolateral corner with single line of setae, T 2 – 4 posterior margin with one scarce row of setulae, T 5 black part with long setae. S 5 similar to M. zaiziksensis. 1.4 x as long as wide, 1.8 x as long and 2.6 x as wide as S 4, posterior margin indented, setulose on posterior 2 / 3 in middle and near posterior margin. Setae at posterior margin thinner than other setae (Pl. 13 K). Male genitalia same as M. zaiziksensis, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus same as M. zaiziksensis, structure of lateral surface honeycomb-like with big honeycomb parcels, medial surface without setulae (Pl. 13 F). Special characters: labellum about as long as palpus, silvery microtomentum extremely long and in rows. Holotype, ♂: UNITED STATES. California: San Bernardino Co., Morongo (34 ° 1 ' 59.88 " N 116 ° 34 '. 12 " W), 26. ix. 1944, Melander (USNM, 3216783), in good condition. Paratypes (USNM unless otherwise indicated), same data as HT (4 ♂, 3216784 – 7), 27. ix. 1944 (12 ♂ USNM, BMNH, 3216789, 3216793, 3216796, 3216801 – 9); MEXICO. Quintana Roo: Cancun (21 ° 9 ' 0 " N 86 ° 45 ' 0 " W), 16. vii. 1974, Pletsch (1 ♂ 3 ♀, 3217765 – 8); UNITED STATES. California: Inyo Co., Big Pine, 1219 m (37 ° 9 ' 0 " N 118 ° 16 ' 59.88 " W), 9. ix. 1965, Mulla (♂, 3216814); Independence (36 ° 48 ' 0 " N 118 ° 10 ' 59.88 " W), 23. viii. 1952 (♂, 3216813); Kern Co., Bakersfield (35 ° 22 '. 12 " N 119 ° 1 '. 12 " W), 7. vii. 1947, Melander (14 ♂, 3216817 – 21, 3216824 – 5); Riverside Co., Riverside (33 ° 57 ' 0 " N 117 ° 22 ' 58.8 " W), 12. v. 1949, Melander (5 ♂, 3216810 – 1), 23. x. 1953 (1 ♂ 1 ♀, 3216588, 3216812); San Bernardino Co., 29 Palms (34 ° 7 ' 59.88 " N 116 ° 3 ' 0 " W), 9. v. 1946, Melander (2 ♂, 3216815). Oregon: Umatilla Co., Umapine (45 ° 58 '. 12 " N 118 ° 28 ' 59.88 " W), 21. vi. 1921, Melander (11 ♂ 3 ♀, 3216831 – 8, 3216840 – 6). Utah: Cache Co., Logan (41 ° 43 ' 59.88 " N 111 ° 49 ' 59.88 " W), 1 – 31. vii. 1956, Bohart (♂, 3216847). Washington: Franklin Co., Sacajawea State Park (46 ° 12 ' 1.08 " N 119 ° 2 ' 21.84 " W), 12. vii. 1988, Mathis & Mathis (6 ♂, 3216967 – 72); Grant Co., Columbia Nat. W. L. Ref., Crab Creek, 4.8 km S O’Sullivan Dam (46 ° 52 ' 27.84 " N 119 ° 42 ' 50.04 " W), 3. vii. 1976, Woodley (4 ♂, 3216827 – 30); Coulee City (47 ° 36 ' 0 " N 119 ° 16 ' 59.88 " W), 3. ix. 1920, Shannon (♂, 3216849). Additional material examined (all USNM): UNITED STATES. New Mexico: Sandoval Co., San Ysidro (35 ° 33 ' 0 " N 106 ° 46 '. 12 " W), 10. vi. 1977, Hanson, Knowlton (♂, 3218956). Washington: Grant Co., Coulee City (47 ° 36 ' 0 " N 119 ° 16 ' 59.88 " W), 3. ix. 1920, Shannon (♂, 3216848); Walla Walla Co., Lowden (46 ° 3 ' 0 " N 118 ° 34 ' 59.88 " W), 22. vi. 1921, Melander (♂, 3216843). Distribution: Western North America, from Washington south to California and New Mexico, also Mexico (Quintana Roo). Etymology. The species name, faviformis, is derived from the Latin words favus = honeycomb and forma = shape and refers to the honeycomb-like structure of the male surstylus. Milichiella longirostris Brake, sp. n. (Pl. 14 E, J) Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of yellow halter, white wing, long proboscis and protruding face. Description. Body length: 2.1 – 2.4 mm; wing length: 2.3 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and upper orbital plates shiny black, lunule black, basoflagellomere basomedially brown, face brown microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum shiny black, scutellum brown microtomentose, pleuron slightly microtomentose except for shiny spot on an- and katepisternum, wing white, veins white, brown spot at apex of vein R 1 absent, calypter white, halter yellow, legs black except for yellow mid and hind basitarsus; abdomen with T 2 – 5 silvery microtomentose except for shiny black posterior half of T 5. Female coloration and vestiture: halter yellow, abdomen with T 1 – 4 brown microtomentose, T 5 shiny. Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta? slightly medioreclinate. In males frons 2.7 x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 4.6 x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with notch (4 – 5 om) and narrow emargination. Female posterior eye margin with notch (4 – 5 om) and emargination. Thorax: 2 dc, 1 prsc, 1 pprn, 1 prs, 2 keps setae, posterior prsc as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc absent. Wing with veins R 4 + 5 and M convergent (~ 2.0); M-ratio is 3.0. Fore femur normal setulose, tibial organ absent. Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T 1 into T 2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T 2 anterolateral corner with single line of setae, T 2 – 4 posterior margin with 1 row of scarce setulae, tip of T 5 with long setae. S 5 1.5 x as long as wide, 1.8 x as long and 1.9 x as wide as S 4, posterior margin indented, relatively strongly setulose on posterior 3 / 4 and up to lateral margins (Pl. 14 J). Male genitalia similar to M. brevirostris, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus similar to M. brevirostris, structure of lateral surface honeycomb-like, medial surface without setulae (Pl. 14 E). Pl. 14: A – B. Milichiella mojingae, HT. A. Male genitalia, lateral view; B. Surstylus. C – D. M. cochiseae. C. Male genitalia, lateral view; D. Surstylus. E – F. Surstylus. E. M. longirostris; F. M. sp. H. G. M. sp. H., male genitalia, lateral view. H – K. Male sternite 4 – 5. H. M. mojingae, HT; I. M. cochiseae; J. M. longirostris; K. M. sp. H. Scale bar: 0.1. Puparium: Empty puparium yellow brown, shiny to subshiny, Posterior spiracles borne on protuberances, which are closer together than in M. tiefii and M. asiatica. Special characters: labellum and palpus elongate, labellum about 1.6 x as long as palpus and slightly longer than vertical eye diameter, face protruding. Holotype, ♂: UNITED STATES. Florida: Putnam Co., Hollister (29 ° 37 '. 12 " N 81 ° 48 ' 0 " W), 20. viii. 1985, Milstrey (& puparium USNM, 3216719), ad. 11. ix. 1985, in good condition. Paratypes, same data as HT but ad. 12. ix. 1985 (♂ USNM, 3216720), 12. xii. 1984 (1 ♂ 1 ♀ USNM, 3216721, 3216725); UNITED STATES. Florida: Hernando Co., Withlacoochee State Forest, Croom Reservation (28 ° 34 ' 59.88 " N 82 ° 13 '. 12 " W), 13. iv. 1989, Barber (♂ DEBU, 3217764); Highlands Co., Archbold Biological Station (27 ° 16 ' 59.88 " N 81 ° 21 ' 0 " W), 13 – 19. iv. 1970, Wirth (♀ USNM, 3216726). Distribution: Florida. Etymology. The species name, longirostris, is derived from the Latin longus = long and rostrum = proboscis and refers to the long proboscis. Remarks. Milichiella longirostris has been reared from a gopher tortoise burrow. Milichiella mojingae Brake, sp. n. (Pl. 14 A, B, H) Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of subshiny to shiny black mesonotum and male abdomen with T 2 brown microtomentose except for silvery anterior margin and lateral sides, T 3 – 4 silvery except for posteromedial margin, T 5 anteriorly silvery and middle brown microtomentose, posterior half shiny black. Description. Body length: 1.7 mm; wing length: 1.9 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates shiny black, lunule?, basoflagellomere black, face brown microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum subshiny to shiny black, scutellum brown microtomentose, pleuron partly shiny, partly brown microtomentose, wing hyaline, veins light brown, brown spot at apex of vein R 1 absent, calypter hyaline with brown margin, halter black, legs black except for mid and hind basitarsus; abdomen with T 2 brown microtomentose except for silvery anterior margin and lateral sides, T 3 – 4 silvery except for posteromedial margin, T 5 anteriorly silvery and middle brown microtomentose, posterior half shiny black. Head: frons with? orbital and? frontal setae, anterior frontal seta?. In males frons? x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 5.0 x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista short, about as long as base of arista wide, posterior eye margin with?. Thorax:? dc,? prsc,? pprn,? prs,? keps setae, posterior prsc? x as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc?. Wing with veins R 4 + 5 and M weakly convergent (1.4); M-ratio is 2.8. Fore femur normal setulose, tibial organ?. Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T 1 into T 2?. Tergal chaetotaxy: T 2 anterolateral corner with single line of setae. S 5 1.1 x as long as wide, 1.3 x as long and 2.5 x as wide as S 4, setulose, posterior margin strongly indented (Pl. 14 H). Male genitalia without strong setae on cercus, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.7 x as long as epandrium high, not bent, not dilated, about 3.0 x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface honeycomb-like, medial surface without setulae (Pl. 14 A, B). Holotype, ♂: PANAMA. Colon: Fort Sherman, Mojinga Swamp (9 ° 18 ' 0 " N 79 ° 58 '. 12 " W), 7. v. 1952, Blanton (USNM, 3218637), in suboptimal condition, abdomen dissected. Paratype, same data as HT (♂ USNM, 3218638). Distribution. Panama. Etymology. The species name, mojingae, is a genitive noun derived from the type locality. Milichiella variata Brake, sp. n. (Pl. 13 E, J) Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of shiny black mesonotum, yellow halter, thorax with numerous acrostichal setae, labellum about as long as palpus, black legs, male T 2 – 5 silvery microtomentose, except for shiny tip of T 5. Description. Body length: 1.6 – 1.9 mm; wing length: 1.5 – 1.8 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and upper orbital plates shiny black, lunule dark brown, basoflagellomere basomedially brown, face grey brown microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum shiny black, scutellum brown microtomentose, pleuron slightly brown microtomentose except for shiny spots on an- and katepisternum, wing hyaline, veins yellow, brown spot at apex of vein R 1 absent, calypter white, halter yellow, legs black, fore and hind tarsus with dark yellow brush; abdomen with T 2 – 5 silvery microtomentose, except for shiny tip of T 5. Female coloration and vestiture: halter yellow, abdomen with T 1 – 4 brown microtomentose, T 5 shiny. Head: frons with 2 or 2 + 0.4 orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 2.0 x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 4.8 x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with narrow notch (3 om) and emargination (2 om). Thorax: 2 dc, 1 prsc, 1 pprn, 1 prs, 2 keps setae, posterior prsc less than 0.8 x as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc absent. Wing with veins R 4 + 5 and M convergent (2.4); M-ratio is 3.2. Fore femur normal setulose, tibial organ absent. Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T 1 into T 2 weak. Tergal chaetotaxy: T 2 anterolateral corner with single line of setae, T 2 – 4 posterior margin with 1 row of setulae. S 5 1.3 x as long as wide, 1.8 x as long and 2.0 x as wide as S 4, rectangular, posterior margin indented, setulose on posterior 3 / 4 and nearly up to lateral margins (Pl. 13 J). Male genitalia same as M. brevirostris, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus same as M. brevirostris, structure of lateral surface weak honeycomb-like, more like longitudinal creases, medial surface without setulae (Pl. 13 E). Special characters: labellum about as long as palpus, thorax 0.8 – 0.9 x as long as wide, numerous acrostichal setae, silvery microtomentum long. Holotype, ♂: UNITED STATES. Texas: Travis Co., Austin (30 ° 16 '. 12 " N 97 ° 43 ' 59.88 " W), 23. xi. 1958, Wheeler [?] (USNM, 3217224), in good condition. Paratypes, same data as HT (♂ USNM, 3217225), 9. xi. 1958 (1 ♂ 2 ♀ USNM, BMNH, 3217226 – 8), 13. xi. 1958 (♂ USNM, 3217223). Milichiella variata var.: MEXICO. Nayarit: Jalisco (21 ° 27 ' 0 " N 104 ° 54 ' 0 " W), 1 – 30. ix. 1965, Krauss (6 ♂ USNM, BMNH, 3216710 – 5). Sonora: 25.8 km NE Ciudad Obregon (27 ° 28 '. 12 " N 109 ° 58 ' 59.88 " W), 15. v. 1961, Howden & Martin (♂ CNC, 3217229). Distribution: Texas, variety from Mexico (Nayarit, Sonora). Etymology. The species name, variata, is an adjective derived from the Latin word variatus = marked with contrasting colours, referring to the contrast between the shiny black thorax and silvery abdomen. Remarks. Variety or separate species from Mexico with brown calypter margin, brown mid basitarsus, surstylus narrower at base and shape of sternite intermediate between M. brevirostris and M. longirostris. Milichiella virginae Brake, sp. n. (Pl. 13 A, H) Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of shiny black mesonotum, anteriorly brown microtomentose scutellum, but shiny in middle and laterally, wing with veins R 4 + 5 and M convergent (2.5), halter black and male T 2 – 5 silvery white microtomentose except for shiny posterior extended third of T 5. Description. Body length:? mm; wing length: 2.2 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates shiny black, lunule dark brown, basoflagellomere black, face brown microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum shiny black except for microtomentose anterior and posterior margin (posterior of dc), scutellum shiny in middle and laterally and anteriorly brown microtomentose, pleuron not visible, wing hyaline, veins light brown, brown spot at apex of vein R 1 absent, calypter hyaline, halter black, legs black except for yellow basitarsi; abdomen with T 2 – 5 silvery white microtomentose except for brown microtomentose anterolateral corner of T 2, and shiny posterior extended third of T 5. Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta medioreclinate. In males frons 2.1 x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 3.3 x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with notch (4 om) and emargination (1 om). Thorax: 2 dc, 1 prsc, 1 pprn, 1 + 0.5 prs, 2 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc present. Wing with veins R 4 + 5 and M convergent (2.5); M-ratio is 2.6. Fore femur normal setulose, tibial organ absent. Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T 1 into T 2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T 2 anterolateral corner with single line of setae, T 2 – 4 posterior margin with one scarce row of setulae, T 5 black part with long setae. S 5 1.2 x as long as wide, 2.2 x as long and 3.4 x as wide as S 4, posterior margin indented, setulose on posterior 2 / 3 in middle and near posterior margin (Pl. 13 H). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus slightly longer than epandrial setae, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.5 x as long as epandrium high, slightly dilated apically (1.3 x), 1.7 x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface weak honeycomb-like, with big parcels, medial surface without setulae (Pl. 13 A). Special characters: labellum about as long as palpus. Holotype, ♂: BRITISH VIRGIN IS. Virgin Gorda: Prickly Pear I. (18 ° 30 ' 0 " N 64 ° 22 '. 12 " W), 6. iv. 1958, Clarke (USNM, 3216850), in suboptimal condition, abdomen dissected. Material of questionable identity: JAMAICA. Cornwall: Trelawny, Duncans (18 ° 27 ' 0 " N 77 ° 31 ' 59.88 " W), 23. viii. 1966, Howden & Becker (♀ CNC, 3218257); UNITED STATES. Florida: Monroe Co., Sugarloaf Key, Sec 25 SE 1 / 4 Kitchings Hammock (24 ° 37 ' 59.88 " N 81 ° 30 ' 0 " W), 10 – 19. viii. 1992, Peck & Peck (♂ DEBU, 3217779); VENEZUELA. Aragua: Puerto de Cata (10 ° 27 ' 46.08 " N 67 ° 44 ' 8.16 " W), 10 – 11. vi. 1976, Menke & Vincent (♀ USNM, 3218111). Distribution. Virgin Islands,? Florida,? Jamaica,? Venezuela. Etymology. The species name, virginae, is derived from the type locality. Remarks. Milichiella virginae was collected at light. Milichiella zaiziksensis Brake, sp. n. (Pl. 13 D, G, L) Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of shiny black mesonotum and scutellum, yellow halter, hyaline wings, medium or long proboscis and protruding face, male abdomen with T 2 – 5 silvery microtomentose, except for shiny tip of T 5. Description. Body length: 2.5 – 2.6 mm; wing length: 1.9 – 2.3 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and upper orbital plates shiny black, lunule dark brown, basoflagellomere black, sometimes basomedially reddish, face brown microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum shiny black, scutellum shiny, pleuron slightly brown microtomentose, wing hyaline, veins light brown, brown spot at apex of vein R 1 absent, calypter white, margin yellow, halter yellow, legs black except for yellowish mid and hind basitarsus (var.: all basitarsi yellowish); abdomen with T 2 – 5 silvery microtomentose, except for shiny tip of T 5. Female coloration and vestiture: halter yellow, abdomen with T 1 – 4 brown microtomentose, T 5 shiny. Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta slightly medioreclinate. In males frons 2.1 x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 3.6 x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with narrow notch (3 om) and emargination (1 – 2 om). Thorax: 2 dc, 1 prsc, 1 pprn, 1 prs, 2 keps setae, posterior prsc less than 0.8 x as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc absent. Wing with veins R 4 + 5 and M convergent (2.6); M-ratio is 2.7. Fore femur slightly more densely setulose, tibial organ absent. Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T 1 into T 2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T 2 anterolateral corner with single line of setae, T 2 – 4 posterior margin with 1 row of setulae. S 5 1.4 x as long as wide, 2.0 x as long and 1.7 x as wide as S 4, posterior margin indented, setulose on posterior 3 / 4, even more so near posterior margin, setae at posterior margin thinner than other setae (Pl. 13 L). Male genitalia with long seta on cercus, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.5 x as long as epandrium high, dilated apically (1.4 x), very broad, structure of lateral surface medium size honeycomb-like, medial surface without setulae (Pl. 13 D, G). Special characters: labellum 1.0 – 1.4 x as long as palpus and up to same length as vertical eye diameter, face protruding. Holotype, ♂: UNITED STATES. California: San Bernardino Co., ZZYZX Spring (35 ° 8.6 ' N, 116 ° 6.3 ' W), 29. iv. 2002, Mathis & Mathis (USNM, 3216724; Ent 00191400), in good condition. Paratypes (USNM unless otherwise indicated), same data as HT (2 ♂, 3216722 – 3); UNITED STATES. California: San Bernardino Co., Morongo (34 ° 1 ' 59.88 " N 116 ° 34 '. 12 " W), 26. ix. 1944, Melander (2 ♂, 3216752); Imperial Co., 19.3 km E Heber (32 ° 43 '. 12 " N 115 ° 31 '. 12 " W), 11. v. 1956, Haig (♂, 3216773); Inyo Co., Nevares Springs (36 ° 30.7 ' N, 116 ° 49.3 ' W), 1. iv. 2005, Mathis & Mathis (♀, 3216780); Panamint Springs (36 ° 20 ' 23 " N, 117 ° 28 ' 1 " W), 15. viii. 1953, Schlinger (1 ♂ 1 ♀, 3216771 – 2); Lake Co., Saratoga Springs (39 ° 10 '. 12 " N 122 ° 58 '. 12 " W), 30. v. 1953, Belkin (10 ♂ 4 ♀, 3216754 – 65, 3216767 – 8); Orange Co., Corona del Mar (33 ° 34 ' 59.88 " N 117 ° 52 '. 12 " W), 16. ix. 1949 (2 ♂, 3216753); Riverside Co., Anza Borrego Desert State Park, Mt. Palm Springs (32 ° 51 ' 0 " N 116 ° 13 '. 12 " W), 5. iv. 1967, Wood (5 ♂ CNC, 3217195 – 9); Hot Mineral (33 ° 43 ' 59.88 " N 116 ° 3 ' 0 " W), 30. iv. 1952, Belkin (♂, 3216733); Palm Canyon (33 ° 33 ' 0 " N 116 ° 33 ' 0 " W), 12. i. 1953, Arnaud (6 ♂, 3216749 – 51); Palm Desert, Boyd Deep Canyon, Desert Research Center (33 ° 43 '. 12 " N 116 ° 22 '. 12 " W), 4. xi. 1999, Arnaud & Arnaud (♀, 3216781); Thermal (33 ° 37 ' 59.88 " N 116 ° 7 ' 59.88 " W), 8. iv. 1955, Richards (♀ CNC, 3217204); Thousand Palms (33 ° 48 ' 38.3 " N 116 ° 22 ' 34.42 " W), 19. iii. 1951, Tinkham (4 ♂, 3216747 – 8), 25. iii. 1955, Mason (2 ♂ CNC, 3217200 – 1), 3. iv. 1955 (♀ CNC, 3217202), 17. iv. 1955, Richards (♀ CNC, 3217203), 12. iii. 1960, Melander (10 ♂, 3216741 – 6); Thousand Palms, Willis Palm Oasis (33 ° 48 ' 38.3 " N 116 ° 22 ' 34.42 " W), 3. iv. 1955, Mason (39 ♂ 3 ♀ CNC, BMNH, 3217151 – 92), 9. iv. 1955 (♀ CNC, 3217194), 17. iv. 1955 (♀ CNC, 3217193). Additional material examined: CHILE. Tacna: Tacna (18 ° 0 ' 20.16 " S 70 ° 14 ' 53.88 " W), 22. x. 1902, Schnuse (♂ ZMHU, 3217778), paralectotype of Eccoptomma montanum; MEXICO. Puebla: Tehuacán (18 ° 30 ' 0 " N 97 ° 25 ' 59.88 " W), 23. vi. 1951, Hurd (2 ♂ USNM, 3218743 – 4); PERU. Lima: Lima, Lagunas de Villa (12 ° 3 ' 0 " S 77 ° 3 ' 0 " W), 14. ii. 1984, Mathis (♂ USNM, 3217776). Piura: Piura (5 ° 12 ' 0 " S 80 ° 37 ' 59.88 " W), 25. vi. 1911, Townsend (7 ♂ USNM, 3217769 – 75); UNITED STATES. California: San Bernardino Co., 29 Palms (34 ° 7 ' 59.88 " N 116 ° 3 ' 0 " W), 9. v. 1946, Melander (♂ USNM, 3216587). Florida: Monroe Co., Key West (24 ° 34 '. 12 " N 81 ° 48 ' 0 " W), 1 – 30. xi. 1950, Krauss (♂ USNM, 3217777); VENEZUELA. Aragua: Puerto de Cata (10 ° 27 ' 46.08 " N 67 ° 44 ' 8.16 " W), 10 – 11. vi. 1976, Menke & Vincent (♂ USNM, 3217268). Milichiella zaiziksensis var. (all USNM): UNITED STATES. Arizona: Yuma Co., 16.1 km NE Ehrenberg (33 ° 36 ' 0 " N 114 ° 31 '. 12 " W), 16. iv. 1969, Pinger (4 ♂, 3216776 – 9); Yuma (32 ° 43 '. 12 " N 114 ° 37 '. 12 " W), 6. vii. 1953, Haga (♂, 3216775), 16. vii. 1953 (♂, 3216774). California: Imperial Co., Hot Mineral (33 ° 25 ' 32.16 " N 115 ° 41 ' 6 " W), 25. iv. 1953, Belkin (♂, 3216736); Riverside Co., 6 th Ave. County Park, 9.7 km NE Blythe (33 ° 36 ' 0 " N 114 ° 34 ' 59.88 " W), 16. iv. 1969, Pinger (3 ♂, 3216738 – 40); Coachella Valley, Oasis (33 ° 55 '. 12 " N 116 ° 33 ' 0 " W), Tinkham (♂, 3216737); Hot Mineral (33 ° 43 ' 59.88 " N 116 ° 3 ' 0 " W), 30. iv. 1952, Belkin (8 ♂, 3216727 – 35). Distribution: California and Florida, south to Venezuela and northern Chile, variety from Arizona and California. Etymology. The species name, zaiziksensis, is derived from the pronunciation of the type locality, the Zzyzx Springs. Remarks. Milichiella zaiziksensis has been collected in an Arnauld Flight Trap, on yucca (Agavaceae), and flying in small swarms in the sun, mating. Specimens of the variety were collected on cotton (Malvaceae).	en	Brake, Irina (2009): Revision of Milichiella Giglio-Tos (Diptera, Milichiidae) 2188. Zootaxa 2188 (1): 1-166, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2188.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2188.1.1
03AB0903FFF1FF8CFF5A61C6BCCFFBD9.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Middle Peru to middle Chile including Juan Fernandez Islands and adjacent Argentina and Bolivia.	en	Brake, Irina (2009): Revision of Milichiella Giglio-Tos (Diptera, Milichiidae) 2188. Zootaxa 2188 (1): 1-166, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2188.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2188.1.1
03AB0903FFF1FF8CFF5A61C6BCCFFBD9.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the silvery microtomentose male T 2 – 5 except for brown black anterior margin of T 2, brown elongation of triangle, and posterior half of T 5 as well as the bluish silvery tip of T 5. Description. Body length: 2.5 – 3 mm; wing length: 2.3 – 2.7 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates brown microtomentose, lunule black, basoflagellomere black, face brown microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum slightly to normally brown microtomentose with shiny bronze hue, scutellum and pleuron same except for shiny spot on anepisternum, wing hyaline, veins brown, brown spot at apex of vein R 1 absent, calypter brown, halter black, legs black, fore and hind tarsus with brown brush; abdomen with T 2 – 5 silvery microtomentose except for brown black anterior margin of T 2, brown elongation of triangle, and posterior half of T 5; tip of T 5 blueish silvery. Female coloration and vestiture: wing veins light brown, halter black, abdomen with T 2 – 5 brown microtomentose. Head: frons with 2 + 0.8 orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta slightly medioreclinate. In males frons 2.1 x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 4.6 x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with notch (3 – 4 om) and emargination (2 – 3 om). Thorax: 3 + 1 dc, 3 (female: 1) prsc, 1 pprn, 1 + 0.4 prs, 2 + 0.6 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc small. Wing with veins R 4 + 5 and M very weakly convergent (1.4); M-ratio is 2.5 – 2.6. Fore femur normal setulose, tibial organ absent. Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T 1 into T 2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T 2 anterolateral corner with 2 – 3 lines of setae, T 2 – 5 lateral margins with long setae, T 1 setulose, T 2 setulose on posterior 2 / 3, T 3 – 4 posterior margin with 1 – 2 row of setulae, T 5 brown and bordering silvery part setulose, 1 row of setae anterior to silvery tip. S 5 same as in M. frontalis (see Pl. 10 G). Male genitalia same as in M. frontalis, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus same as in M. frontalis, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface without setulae (see Pl. 10 A, B). Special characters: first flagellomere and palpi small, orbital plate extends into frons as acute medioventral tip. Lectotype, ♂: CHILE. Santiago: Santiago (33 ° 27 ' 0 " S 70 ° 40 '. 12 " W), 17. ix. 1902, Schnuse (pinned together with 1 ♀ PLT, SMTD, 3218007), in good condition. The type series consists of an unspecified number of males and females from Chile, Santiago, in November. There are 8 specimens from this locality in SMTD, with 3 specimens (1 male and 1 female on one pin) bearing Becker's identification label. Additionally there are 4 males from this locality in ZMHU, with one bearing Becker's identification label, and 2 males in DEI. However, all these specimens were collected in September. I conclude that Becker confused the ' ix' with an ' xi'. Five further Schnuse specimens from other localities in Chile and Peru are not part of the type series, even though one bears Becker's identification label. I here designate the SMTD male, which is mounted on one pin with a female, as the lectotype. The others are paralectotypes except for the DEI specimens, which were identified as M. tricincta by Lichtwardt and apparently did not belong to the type series Becker studied. Paralectotypes, same data as LT (11 ♂ 1 ♀ SMTD, ZMHU, 3218006, 3218008 – 12, 3218015 – 20). Additional material examined: CHILE. Santiago: Santiago (33 ° 27 ' 0 " S 70 ° 40 '. 12 " W), 17. ix. 1902, Schnuse (2 ♂ DEI, 3218264 – 5); Perales, 1 – 30. ix. 1923 (♂ USNM, 3218014). Quillota: Quillota (32 ° 54 ' 0 " S 71 ° 16 '. 12 " W), 20. ix. 1902, Schnuse (♂ SMTD, 3218013); PERU. Lima: Matucana, 2225 m (11 ° 51 ' S, 76 ° 24 ' W), 1. vi. – 31. vii. 1913, Brues (♂ USNM, 3218034), 1. vii. 19 ?? (♂ USNM, 3218114). Distribution: Middle Chile to middle Peru.	en	Brake, Irina (2009): Revision of Milichiella Giglio-Tos (Diptera, Milichiidae) 2188. Zootaxa 2188 (1): 1-166, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2188.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2188.1.1
03AB0903FFF1FF8CFF5A61C6BCCFFBD9.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the brown microtomentose male T 2 – 5 except for silvery microtomentose posterolateral margin of T 2 and narrow to broad anterior margins of T 3 – 5, which get broader laterally to build silvery lateral margin, and blueish silvery tip of T 5. Description. Body length: 2.5 mm; wing length: 2.8 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates brown microtomentose, lunule black, basoflagellomere black, face black microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum slightly to normally brown microtomentose with shiny hue, scutellum and pleuron same except for shiny spot on anepisternum, wing hyaline, veins brown, brown spot at apex of vein R 1 absent, calypter light brown with dark margin, halter black, legs black; abdomen with T 2 – 5 brown microtomentose except for silvery microtomentose posterolateral margin of T 2 and narrow to broad anterior margins of T 3 – 5, which get broader laterally to build silvery lateral margin; tip of T 5 blueish silvery. Female coloration and vestiture: halter brown, abdomen with T 2 – 5 subshiny, slightly brown microtomentose. Head: frons with 2 + 1 orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 2.3 – 2.5 x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 6.0 x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with narrow notch (3 – 4 om) and emargination (2 om). Thorax: 3 + 1 dc, 3 (female: 1) prsc, 1 pprn, 1 prs and row of short setae, 2 + 0.8 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc small. Wing with veins R 4 + 5 and M weakly convergent (1.5); M-ratio is 3.2. Fore femur slightly more densely setulose, tibial organ absent. Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T 1 into T 2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T 2 anterolateral corner with 2 – 3 lines of setae, T 1 setulose, T 2 – 5 silvery parts bare, black parts setulose, lateral margins with long setae, T 5 with row of setae anterior to silvery tip. S 5 about 1.2 x as wide as long, about 3.1 x as wide and 1.3 x as long as S 4, crescent shaped, setulose (Pl. 10 G). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus not longer than epandrial setae, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.2 – 0.3 x as long as epandrium high, slightly bent anteriorly, about as long as wide, not dilated apically, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface without setulae (Pl. 10 A, B). Special characters: orbital plate extends into frons as acute medioventral tip; setae much shorter in female. Lectotype, ♂: CHILE. Coronel (37 ° 0 ' 0 " S 73 ° 10 ' 59.88 " W), 9. ix. 1902, Schnuse (SMTD, 3217912), head, one wing and some legs missing, thorax damaged. The type series consists of an unspecified number of males from Chile: Coronel. There is one specimen from this locality in SMTD, bearing Becker's identification label. I here designate this specimen as the lectotype. Additional material examined: ARGENTINA. Rio Negro: Bariloche (41 ° 10 ' 59.88 " S 71 ° 22 ' 59.88 " W), 1 – 30. xi. 1926, Shannon & Shannon (2 ♂ USNM, 3217963 – 4); S. Arg., Rio Negro, El Bolson Topal, 15. iii. 1961 (2 ♂ HNHM, 3218480 – 1); CHILE. 1836, Gay (♂ MNHNP, 3219086). Biobio: Contulmo (38 ° 0 ' 0 " S 73 ° 13 ' 59.88 " W), 9. ii. 1904, Schönemann (2 ♂ ZMHU, 3218004 – 5). Cachapoal: Olivar (34 ° 14 ' S, 70 ° 50 ' W), 11. xi. 1929, Reed, Dr. (♂ USNM, 3217943). Cauquenes: Cauquenes (35 ° 58 '. 12 " S 72 ° 22 '. 12 " W), 29. vii. 1900, Schönemann (♂ ZMHU, 3218003). Chiloé: Ancud (41 ° 52 ' 11 " S 73 ° 49 ' 13 " W), 17 – 19. xii. 1926, Edwards & Edwards (♂ USNM, 3217944); Castro (42 ° 30 ' 0 " S 73 ° 46 '. 12 " W), 1 – 31. xii. 1926, Shannon & Shannon (3 ♂ USNM, 3217965 – 7). Choapa: Coquimbo region, 35.4 km N Los Vilos (31 ° 55 ' 59.88 " S 71 ° 34 ' 59.88 " W), 13. xii. 1950, Ross & Michelbacher (♂ USNM, 3217941). Curico: El Coigo (35 ° 0 ' 0 " S 71 ° 15 ' 0 " W), 1 – 20. x. 1960, Pena (♂ CNC, 3218000); Estero La Jaula, 915 m (35 ° 1 ' S, 70 ° 45 ' W), 17. ii. 1998, Woodley (2 ♂ USNM, 3217968 – 9). Llanquihue: Ensenada (41 ° 12 ' 0 " S 72 ° 33 ' 0 " W), 14 – 15. xii. 1926, Edwards & Edwards (7 ♂ BMNH, 3217913 – 19); Puerto Varas (41 ° 19 ' 59.88 " S 73 ° 0 ' 0 " W), 1 – 31. xii. 1926, Shannon & Shannon (10 ♂ USNM, 3217953 – 62); Puerto Varas (41 ° 19 ' 59.88 " S 73 ° 0 ' 0 " W), 16. xii. 1926, Edwards & Edwards (17 ♂ BMNH, 3217920 – 36). Malleco: Angol (37 ° 46 ' 59.88 " S 72 ° 45 ' 0 " W), 15. v. 1931, Bullock (2 ♀ USNM, 3217970 – 1), 8. xii. 1925 (♂ USNM, 3217948), 7. ix. 1926 (3 ♂ USNM, 3217945 – 7), 24. ix. 1926 (4 ♂ USNM, 3217949 – 52), 27. iii. 1934 (♂ USNM, 3217940). Nuble: Chillan Ciudad (36 ° 37 '. 12 " S 72 ° 10 '. 12 " W), 14. iii. 1903 (3 ♂ SMTD, 3217937 – 9). Quillota: Quillota (32 ° 54 ' 0 " S 71 ° 16 '. 12 " W), 20. ix. 1902, Schnuse (♂ SMTD, 3218001). Santiago: Santiago (33 ° 27 ' 0 " S 70 ° 40 '. 12 " W), 2. xii. 1953, Kuschel (2 ♂ BMNH, 3218002, 3218182). Valparaiso: Juan Fernandez Is., Masatierra, Bahia Cumberland (33 ° 37 '. 12 " S 78 ° 49 '. 12 " W), 2. iii. 1951, Kuschel (4 ♂ DEI, 3218280 – 3), 20. iii. 1951 (♂ DEI, 3218279); Robinson Crusoe I. [= Mas a Tierra], N side Yungue (33 ° 37 ' 59.88 " S 78 ° 52 '. 12 " W), 1 – 9. ii. 1973, Pena (27 ♂ 1 ♀ CNC, 3217972 – 99); Vina del Mar (33 ° 1 ' 59.88 " S 71 ° 34 ' 59.88 " W), 31. viii. 1910, Herbst (2 ♂ USNM, 3217942). Distribution: Middle Chile, including Juan Fernandez Islands and adjacent Argentina.	en	Brake, Irina (2009): Revision of Milichiella Giglio-Tos (Diptera, Milichiidae) 2188. Zootaxa 2188 (1): 1-166, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2188.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2188.1.1
03AB0903FFF1FF8CFF5A61C6BCCFFBD9.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the brown microtomentose male T 2 except for silvery posterior margin and lateral sides, silvery microtomentose T 3 – 4, and silvery white tip of T 5. Description. Body length: 2.5 – 3 mm; wing length: 2.9 – 3.2 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons brown, ocellar triangle and orbital plates brown microtomentose, lunule black, basoflagellomere black, face black microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum slightly brown microtomentose, scutellum and pleuron same except for shiny spot on anepisternum, wing hyaline, veins brown, brown spot at apex of vein R 1 absent, calypter light brown with brown margin, halter black, legs black; abdomen with T 2 brown microtomentose except for silvery posterior margin and lateral sides, T 3 – 5 silvery microtomentose; ventrally bent tip of T 5 silvery white. Head: frons with 3 orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 2.0 x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 5.6 x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with notch (4 om) and emargination (1 – 2 om). Thorax: 3 + 1 dc, 3 + 1 prsc, 1 pprn, 1 prs and row of 0.6 setae, 2 + 0.8 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc absent or small. Wing with veins R 4 + 5 and M very weakly convergent (1.6); M-ratio is 2.9. Fore femur slightly more densely setulose, tibial organ absent. Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T 1 into T 2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T 2 anterolateral corner with 2 – 3 lines of setae, T 2 setulose, T 3 – 5 posterior margin with 1 – 2 row of setulae, T 5 with row of setae anterior to silvery tip. S 5 same as M. frontalis (see Pl. 10 G). Male genitalia same as M. frontalis, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus same as M. frontalis, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface without setulae (see Pl. 10 A, B). Special characters: orbital plate extends into frons as acute medioventral tip. Lectotype, ♂: BOLIVIA. La Paz: Sorata, 2300 m (15 ° 46 ' 59.88 " S 68 ° 37 ' 59.88 " W), 22. xii. 1902, Schnuse (SMTD, 3218022), in good condition. The type series consists of an unspecified number of males from Peru: Cuzco, Chile and Bolivia: Sorata. If Cuzco (now Cusco) is interpreted as being the whole department of Cusco, than there are 7 specimens of these localities in SMTD, with two bearing Becker's identification label. Additionally there are 4 males of these localities in ZMHU, with two bearing Becker's identification label. The fourth specimen belongs to a different species. I here designate one of the SMTD males bearing Becker's identification label as the lectotype. According to Rohlfien & Ewald (1972) there are 4 syntypes in DEI from the Oldenberg collection. Two of these specimens seem to be lost and the other two could be identical with specimens from the Lichtwardt collection, which were identified as M. tricincta but are actually M. concava. Paralectotypes (all Schnuse): CHILE. Santiago: Santiago (33 ° 27 ' 0 " S 70 ° 40 '. 12 " W), 17. ix. 1902 (♂ SMTD, 3218021). Tarapacá: Palca (18 ° 50 ' S, 69 ° 40 ' W), 19. x. 1902 (2 ♂ SMTD, 3218027 – 8), 20. x. 1902 (2 ♂ ZMHU, 3218035 – 6); PERU. Cusco: Cusco, 3200 – 4200 m (13 ° 31 ' 5.88 " S 71 ° 58 ' 41.16 " W), 1 – 31. iii. 1905 (2 ♂ SMTD, 3218025 – 6); Sicuani (14 ° 16 '. 12 " S 71 ° 13 '. 12 " W), 8. x. 1903 (♂ ZMHU, 3218037); Urubamba River, 3000 m (10 ° 43 ' 59.88 " S 73 ° 45 ' 0 " W), 18. ii. 1906 (♂ SMTD, 3218024). Additional material examined: CHILE. Coquimbo: 50 km S La Serena (29 ° 54 ' 0 " S 71 ° 18 ' 0 " W), 1. xii. 1950, Ross & Michelbacher (9 ♂ USNM, BMNH, 3218946 – 50, 3218952 – 5). Tarapacá: Caritaya, 3200 m (19 ° 0 ' 0 " S 69 ° 25 '. 12 " W), 19. ix. 1952, Pena (♂ CNC, 3218023); Palca (18 ° 50 ' S, 69 ° 40 ' W), 19. x. 1902, Schnuse (♂ SMTD, 3218030); PERU. Arequipa: Arequipa (16 ° 24 ' 0 " S 71 ° 33 ' 0 " W), 13. xi. 1902, Schnuse (♂ SMTD, 3218033). Moquegua: Yacango, 2134 – 2438 m (17 ° 5 ' 35.88 " S 70 ° 52 ' 1.92 " W), 5. x. 1965, Hitchcock, Jr. (♂ USNM, 3218029); Urubamba River, 3000 m (10 ° 43 ' 59.88 " S 73 ° 45 ' 0 " W), 30. i. 1906, Schnuse (♂ SMTD, 3218032), 25. iv. 1906 (♂ SMTD, 3218031). Distribution. Middle Peru to middle Chile and adjacent Bolivia.	en	Brake, Irina (2009): Revision of Milichiella Giglio-Tos (Diptera, Milichiidae) 2188. Zootaxa 2188 (1): 1-166, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2188.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2188.1.1
03AB0903FFEDFF82FF5A6316BB8AF941.taxon	distribution	Distribution: America, from southern Canada south to Chile and Argentinia; southern Europe to Japan, south to Africa and Australia; Pacific islands.	en	Brake, Irina (2009): Revision of Milichiella Giglio-Tos (Diptera, Milichiidae) 2188. Zootaxa 2188 (1): 1-166, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2188.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2188.1.1
03AB0903FFEDFF82FF5A6316BB8AF941.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of shiny mesonotum, white wings and silvery microtomentose male T 2 – 5. Description. Body length: 2.5 – 3.2 mm; wing length: 2.2 – 2.8 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and upper orbital plates shiny black, lunule brown, basoflagellomere black, sometimes basomedially reddish, face greyish microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum shiny black, scutellum brown microtomentose, pleuron with anepisternum and middle of katepisternum shiny, otherwise brown microtomentose, wing white, veins white, brown spot at apex of vein R 1 absent, calypter white, halter yellow, legs black, fore and hind tarsus with yellow brush; abdomen with T 2 – 5 silvery microtomentose. Female coloration and vestiture: halter yellow, abdomen with T 1 – 4 brown microtomentose, T 5 shiny. Head: frons with 2 + 0.8 orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 2.2 x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 3.3 x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with notch (4 om, female: 5 – 6 om) and slight emargination. Thorax: 2 dc, 1 prsc, 1 pprn, 1 prs, 2 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc absent. Wing with veins R 4 + 5 and M strongly convergent (3.1); M-ratio is 1.5. Fore femur normal setulose, tibial organ absent. Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T 1 into T 2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T 2 anterolateral corner with 2 – 3 lines of setae, T 2 – 4 posterior margin with 1 row of setulae. S 5 2.1 x as long as wide, 1.7 x as long and 1.3 x as wide as S 4, setulose on posterior 3 / 4 except for middle line (G). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus as long as longest epandrial setae; dorsal length of epandrium less than in Milichiella lucidula; epandrium with striate anteroventral extension and 0 setae on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.3 x as long as epandrium high, dilated posteroapically (1.4 x) with anterior margin straight and slight angle at anteroapical margin, 2.0 x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface striate, medial surface without setulae (Pl. 15 C). Special characters: wings and abdomen bright white, labellum shorter than palpus. Material examined: For specimen data of Milichiella arcuata see http: // ww. milichiidae. info. Milichiella arcuata var.: UNITED STATES. Florida: Marion Co., Ocala National Forest, Rd 65 (29 ° 10 '. 12 " N 81 ° 46 ' 59.88 " W), 10 – 15. vi. 1984, Marshall (♀ DEBU, 3217791); Ocala National Forest, Silver Springs Woods (29 ° 10 '. 12 " N 81 ° 46 ' 59.88 " W), 15 – 22. vi. 1984, Marshall (♂ DEBU, 3217783), 23 – 24. vi. 1984 (♀ DEBU, 3217784); Ocala National Forest, Zay Prairie (29 ° 12 ' 0 " N 81 ° 49 '. 12 " W), 14 – 18. vi. 1984, Marshall (6 ♀ DEBU, 3217785 – 90). Massachusetts: Barnstable Co., Provincetown (42 ° 3 ' 0 " N 70 ° 10 '. 12 " W), 24. vii. 1937, Melander (♂ USNM, 3217093). New Jersey: Burlington Co., Oswego Lake (39 ° 43 '. 12 " N 74 ° 28 ' 59.88 " W), 30. viii. 1974, Menke & Miller (♂ USNM, 3217230). Questionable specimens of Milichiella arcuata var.: UNITED STATES. Florida: Putnam Co., Hollister (29 ° 37 '. 12 " N 81 ° 48 ' 0 " W), 26. viii. 1985, Milstrey (♂ USNM, 3217100). Texas: Cameron Co., Boca Chica, 38.6 km E Brownsville (25 ° 54 ' 0 " N 97 ° 28 ' 59.88 " W), 2 – 3. viii. 1963, Howden & Howden (♂ CNC, 3217123). Distribution: Middle and Eastern North America, from Kansas to southern Quebec and Maine, south to Texas and Florida. Remarks. Specimens of the variety differ in having hyaline wings, a black abdominal tip, as well as wider and shorter S 5. Milichiella arcuata has been collected at light, in Malaise and carrion traps, in Opuntia fields, in damp secondary growth in Acer-Betula woods, on carrion, at windows, on charred trunks, egg plants, and resting on blossoms of Lactuca scariola var. integrata (Asteraceae). It has been reared from a chicken pen. The species is fairly common and has been collected May to September in the north and February to December in the south.	en	Brake, Irina (2009): Revision of Milichiella Giglio-Tos (Diptera, Milichiidae) 2188. Zootaxa 2188 (1): 1-166, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2188.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2188.1.1
03AB0903FFEDFF82FF5A6316BB8AF941.taxon	description	Milichiella arcuata var. has been collected in wild mushroom traps, “ ADg. traps ”, mushroom traps [under] Palmetto shrubs (Arecaceae), and Malaise traps. A questionable specimen of this variety emerged from the detritus of a gopher tortoise burrow. Pl. 15: A – B. Milichiella argenteocincta. A. Male genitalia, lateral view; B. Hypandrial complex, ventral view. C – D. Male genitalia, lateral view. C. M. arcuata; D. M. lucidula. E – H. Male sternites 4 and 5. E. M. argenteocincta; F. M. argenteocincta var.; G. M. arcuata; H. M. lucidula. I. M. villarricae, surstylus. Scale bar: 0.1.	en	Brake, Irina (2009): Revision of Milichiella Giglio-Tos (Diptera, Milichiidae) 2188. Zootaxa 2188 (1): 1-166, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2188.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2188.1.1
03AB0903FFEDFF82FF5A6316BB8AF941.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of brown microtomentose mesonotum, grey pleuron and silvery posterolateral corners of male T 2. Description. Body length: 2.9 – 3.0 mm; wing length: 2.7 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates shiny black, lunule yellowish, basoflagellomere basomedially yellow, face silvery white microtomentose, palpus yellow, tip sometimes darker; thorax with mesonotum brown microtomentose (sometimes only slightly), scutellum same, pleuron slightly grey white microtomentose, wing hyaline or white, veins yellow, brown spot at apex of vein R 1 present, calypter white, halter yellow, legs black except for medially and posteriorly yellow fore coxa and ventrally red brown tips of femora, bases of tibiae, and tarsi; abdomen with T 2 – 4 slightly brown microtomentose except for silvery posterolateral margin of T 2 and narrow greyish posterior margin of T 3 – 4; T 5 shiny except for brown microtomentose anterior margin. Female coloration and vestiture: halter yellow, abdomen with T 1 – 4 brown microtomentose, T 5 shiny. Head: frons with 2 + 0.5 orbital and 3 frontal setae, anterior frontal setae medioclinate. In males frons 2.3 x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 4.7 x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with notch (4 – 5 om) and narrow emargination (1 om). Thorax: 2 dc, 1 prsc, 1 pprn, 1 + 0.3 prs, 2 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc absent. Wing with veins R 4 + 5 and M convergent (3.0); M-ratio is 1.5 – 2. Fore femur normal setulose, tibial organ absent. Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T 1 into T 2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T 2 setulose except on silvery parts, anterolateral corner with more than 3 lines of setae, T 3 – 4 posterior margin setulose, T 5 shiny parts setulose. S 5 1.7 x as long as wide, 1.8 x as long and 1.1 x as wide as S 4, rectangular, posterior margin indented, setulose (Pl. 15 E). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus shorter than longest epandrial seta; pregonite with tuft of strong setulae and 0 setae on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.3 x as long as epandrium high, with anteroventral edge, slightly dilated posteroapically (1.3 x), anterior margin slightly incurved, 1.6 x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface striate, medial surface without setulae, some long sensilla at margin and one in middle (Pl. 15 A, B). Special characters: notch in posterior eye margin sometimes with sharper angle. Material examined (USNM unless otherwise indicated): ARGENTINA. Bemberg Mts., 12 – 16. i. 1945, Hayward Willink Y Goldbach (♀, 3218992); Formosa: Clorinda (25 ° 16 '. 12 " S 57 ° 45 ' 0 " W), 1 – 30. xi. 1947, Morel (3 ♂, 3218994 – 6), 1 – 30. xi. 1949, Golbach (♂, 3218997). Salta: Aguaray (22 ° 13 ' 59.88 " S 63 ° 45 ' 0 " W), 14 – 19. ii. 1950, Golbach (8 ♂, BMNH, 3218998 – 05); Embarcación (23 ° 15 ' 0 " S 64 ° 4 ' 59.88 " W), 2 – 6. ii. 1950, Golbach (♀, 3218993); Tartagal (22 ° 31 ' 59.88 " S 63 ° 49 ' 59.88 " W), 14. ii. – 19. ii. 1950, Golbach (♂, 3219006); BAHAMAS. Abaco I.: Green Turtle Cay Distr., New Plymouth (26 ° 49 ' 59.88 " N 77 ° 22 ' 59.88 " W), 7. v. 1953, Hayden & Rabb (♀, 3216581). Andros I.: (24 ° 25 ' 59.88 " N 77 ° 57 ' 0 " W), 14. vi. 1912, Bartsch (♀, 3216606); BOLIVIA. La Paz: Guanay, 38 km S, roadside stream (15 ° 28 ' 59.88 " S 67 ° 52 ' 59.88 " W), 12. iv. 2001, Marshall (♂ DEBU, 3217291); BRAZIL. Goias: Gurupi, 800 km N Brasilia (15 ° 46 ' 59.88 " S 47 ° 57 ' 0 " W), 14. ix. 1963 (♀ BMNH, 3216597). Santa Catarina: Nova Teutonia, 300 – 500 m (27 ° 11 ' S, 52 ° 23 ' W), 15. xi. 1936, Plaumann (♀ BMNH, 3216596), 20. viii. 1937 (♂ BMNH, 3216589), 4. iv. 1938 (♀ BMNH, 3216593), 7. vi. 1938 (♀ BMNH, 3216594), 4. ii. 1950 (♂ CNC, 3216943), 26. iii. 1950 (♀ BMNH, 3216595), 1 – 31. iii. 1950 (♀ CNC, 3216946), 1 – 31. viii. 1965 (♀ CNC, 3216947); COSTA RICA. Cartago: Turrialba (9 ° 54 ' 0 " N 83 ° 40 ' 59.88 " W), 15 – 19. vii. 1965, Spangler (♀, 3216598); DOMINICA. Path to Cabrits (15 ° 30 ' 0 " N 61 ° 19 ' 59.88 " W), 2. iv. 1966, Gagne (♂, 3216605); GUYANA. Cuyuni-Mazaruni: Mazaruni, Clearing (6 ° 24 ' N, 58 ° 39 ' W), 15. ix. 1937, Richards & Smart (♀ BMNH, 3216592); MEXICO. Morelos: Cuernavaca (18 ° 57 ' 0 " N 99 ° 15 ' 0 " W), 1 – 31. vii. 1965, Krauss (2 ♀, 3216608 – 9). Veracruz: Catemaco (18 ° 28 '. 12 " N 95 ° 10 '. 12 " W), 9. i. 1980, Waller (♀, 3216580); PANAMA. Panama: Barro Colorado I. (9 ° 9 ' 0 " N 79 ° 51 ' 0 " W), 18. v. 1926, Greene (♀, 3216610); PARAGUAY. Asuncion: Asuncion (25 ° 16 '. 12 " S 57 ° 40 '. 12 " W), 1 – 31. vii. 1961, Krauss (♂, 3216602). Guaira: Villarrica (25 ° 45 ' 0 " S 56 ° 25 ' 59.88 " W), 1 – 31. vii. 1937, Schade (♂, 3216601); PERU. Huanuco: Tingo Maria, 800 m (9 ° 18 ' 0 " S 75 ° 58 ' 59.88 " W), 5 – 9. iv. 1963, Pena (2 ♂ CNC, 3216944 – 5). Ucayali: Previsto, 600 m (9 ° 4 ' 59.88 " S 75 ° 43 '. 12 " W), 7. vi. 1964, Schunke (♂ BMNH, 3216582); PUERTO RICO. San Juan (18 ° 28 ' 59.88 " N 66 ° 7 ' 59.88 " W), 22. xii. 1932, Mills (2 ♂, 3216603 – 4); TRINIDAD & TOBAGO. Trinidad: Saint Andrew Co., North Manzanilla, El Braneh Swamp (10 ° 31 '. 12 " N 61 ° 1 ' 59.88 " W), 20. iii. 1957, Aitken (2 ♂, 3216599 – 00); UNITED STATES. Alabama: Baldwin Co., Bon Secour National Wildlife Refuge (30 ° 18 ' 0 " N 87 ° 43 '. 12 " W), 5 – 7. v. 1994, Marshall (♂ DEBU, 3217290). Florida: Jackson Co., Florida Caverns St. Park (30 ° 48 ' 0 " N 85 ° 13 '. 12 " W), 26. v. 1973, Wirth (♀, 3216607). Milichiella argenteocincta var.: PERU. Huanuco: Tingo Maria, Monson Cave (9 ° 18 ' 0 " S 75 ° 58 ' 59.88 " W), 15. xii. 1954, Schlinger & Ross (25 ♂ 25 ♀ USNM, BMNH, 3216398 – 47). Specimens near Milichiella argenteocincta (all USNM): BAHAMAS. Andros I.: (24 ° 25 ' 59.88 " N 77 ° 57 ' 0 " W), 14. vi. 1912, Bartsch (♂, 3216569); BARBADOS. (13 ° 10 '. 12 " N 59 ° 31 ' 59.88 " W), 1916, Ballou (3 ♀, 3216577 – 9); BRAZIL. Para: Belem (1 ° 27 ' 0 " S 48 ° 28 ' 59.88 " W), 1 – 31. vii. 1954, Krauss (8 ♂, 3216561 – 8); ECUADOR. Guayas: Cuatro Hermanitos Experimental Farm, 4 km WNW Guayaquil (2 ° 13 '. 12 " S 79 ° 54 ' 0 " W), 28. ii. 1955, Levi-Castillo (♀, 3216574); Hoy Alfuro [?] (2 ° 12 ' S, 79 ° 50 ' W), Levi- Castillo (♀, 3216575); PANAMA. Colon: Fort Gulick (9 ° 19 '. 12 " N 79 ° 52 '. 12 " W), 25. vii. 1952, Blanton (♀, 3216573). Darien: Garachine (8 ° 4 '. 12 " N 78 ° 22 '. 12 " W), 16. ii. 1953, Blanton (4 ♂, 3216557 – 60), 20. ii. 1953 (♂ USNM, 3216554); Jaque [= Jacque?] (7 ° 31 '. 12 " N 78 ° 7 ' 59.88 " W), 12. viii. 1952, Blanton (2 ♂ 1 ♀, 3216555 – 6, 3216572), 28. vii. 1952 (2 ♀, 3216570 – 1). Panama: Barro Colorado I. (9 ° 9 ' 0 " N 79 ° 51 ' 0 " W), 18. v. 1926, Greene (♀, 3216498); West Indies. Ex plane from Maiquetia, Port of Spain, Curacao, and Cindad Trujillo, 14. viii. 1957 (♀, 3216576), ex plane San Juan, P. R. Remarks. The holotype of Milichiella argenteocincta is male and not female as stated in the original description. Specimens from Peru differ in the lighter legs, dark palpi, the shape of sternites (Pl. 15 F) and a silvery microtomentose anterior margin of T 3 + 4 in most specimens. Milichiella argenteocincta has been collected at light, in Malaise traps, on shells, on Murraya exotica Millsp. (Rutaceae) leaves, in dirt near Atta cephalotes nests, and from excrement in a toucan's nest. I here synonymize M. flavipalpis with M. argenteocincta based on the original descriptions and the range of specimens I have studied. Distribution: Mexico (Morelos) north to Alabama and Florida, south to Bolivia and southern Brazil, east to Brazil (Gojas).	en	Brake, Irina (2009): Revision of Milichiella Giglio-Tos (Diptera, Milichiidae) 2188. Zootaxa 2188 (1): 1-166, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2188.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2188.1.1
03AB0903FFEDFF82FF5A6316BB8AF941.taxon	description	Milichiella lacteipennis. Brake 2000: 12 [figs of head, male genitalia and spermathecal duct coil, but not fig. 16 B, which is erroneously labeled!]. For complete citations see http: // milichiidae. info / en / node / 6806.	en	Brake, Irina (2009): Revision of Milichiella Giglio-Tos (Diptera, Milichiidae) 2188. Zootaxa 2188 (1): 1-166, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2188.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2188.1.1
03AB0903FFEDFF82FF5A6316BB8AF941.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of posterior eye margin with notch, shiny black mesonotum, yellow halter and male abdomen with T 2 – 4 slightly brown microtomentose except for shiny black posterolateral edges. Description. Body length: 2.5 – 3 mm; wing length: 2.5 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and upper orbital plates shiny black, lunule reddish or black, basoflagellomere either completely black or basomedially reddish, face grey microtomentose, palpus black or reddish; thorax with mesonotum shiny black, scutellum brown microtomentose, pleuron with anepisternum and middle of katepisternum shiny, otherwise slightly brown microtomentose, wing hyaline, veins yellow, brown spot at apex of vein R 1 absent, calypter white, halter yellow, legs black, fore and hind tarsus with yellow brush; abdomen with T 2 – 4 slightly brown microtomentose except for shiny black posterolateral edges, T 5 shiny except for anterior margin. Female coloration and vestiture: halter yellow, abdomen with T 2 – 4 medially brown microtomentose, laterally shiny, T 5 shiny. Head: frons with 2 + 1 orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 2.5 x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 3.3 x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with wide notch (5 – 6 om) and narrow emargination (1 – 2 om). Thorax: 2 dc, 1 prsc, 1 pprn, 1 (+ 0.4) prs, 2 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc absent. Wing with veins R 4 + 5 and M strongly convergent (6.5); M-ratio is 1.5. Fore femur normal setulose, tibial organ absent. Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T 1 into T 2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T 2 anterolateral corner with more than 3 lines of setae, T 2 – 5 setulose except for anterior half, T 5 lateral margins with long setae. S 5 1.6 x as long as wide, 2.0 x as long and 1.5 x as wide as S 4, roughly rectangular, posterior margin indented, setulose (see Pl. 15 E). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus shorter than longest epandrial seta; pregonite with tuft of strong setulae; epandrium with striate anteroventral extension and 0 setae on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.3 x as long as epandrium high, dilated posteroapically (1.2 x), slightly bent anteriorly, straight in posterior view, 1.3 x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface striate, medial surface without setulae (see Pl. 15 A). Puparium: empty puparium orange brown, dull. Anterior (thoracic) part dorsoventrally compressed with shallow but distinct lateral depressions on both dorsal and ventral side. Anterior spiracles with 6 spiracular lobes (papillae). Milichiella nigrella lectotype, ♂: UNITED STATES. California: Orange Co., Laguna Beach (33 ° 31 ' 59.88 " N 117 ° 46 '. 12 " W), Cole (USNM, 3218318), labeled as holotype, but lectotype acc. to ICZN Art. 74.5., in good condition.	en	Brake, Irina (2009): Revision of Milichiella Giglio-Tos (Diptera, Milichiidae) 2188. Zootaxa 2188 (1): 1-166, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2188.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2188.1.1
03AB0903FFEDFF82FF5A6316BB8AF941.taxon	description	Milichiella nitida lectotype, ♀: BRAZIL. St. Catherine (16 ° 49 ' 59.88 " S 43 ° 36 ' 0 " W), King (BMNH, 3217265), in rather poor condition, with some legs and setae missing and with some dust. There is one female ST of M. nitida in BMNH. Walker did not state the number or sex of the type specimens of M. nitida. The female specimen is here designated as the lectotype. Distribution. America, from southern Canada south to Chile and Argentinia; southern Europe to Japan, south to Africa and Australia; Pacific islands. Remarks. There are one male and two female syntypes of Milichiella lacteipennis in MCZ. I here designated the male which has been photographed (" Type 13451 ", Anonymous 2009) as lectotype.	en	Brake, Irina (2009): Revision of Milichiella Giglio-Tos (Diptera, Milichiidae) 2188. Zootaxa 2188 (1): 1-166, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2188.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2188.1.1
03AB0903FFEDFF82FF5A6316BB8AF941.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of shiny mesonotum and silvery posterolateral corners of T 2. Description. Body length: 2.8 – 3.3 mm; wing length: 2.8 – 3.1 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates shiny black, lunule sometimes red, basoflagellomere basomedially sometimes red, face grey microtomentose, palpus black, sometimes brown; thorax with mesonotum shiny black except for anterior and posterior margin, scutellum and pleuron slightly brown microtomentose except for shiny spot on an- and katepisternum, wing hyaline, veins yellow or light brown, brown spot at apex of vein R 1 very weak, calypter white, halter yellow, legs black; abdomen with T 1 – 4 slightly brown microtomentose except for shiny black posterolateral corner of T 2 – 4, of which posterolateral corner of T 2 is narrow silvery grey, and posteromedial narrow silverish margins; T 5 shiny except for narrow microtomentose anterior margin. Female coloration and vestiture: halter yellow, abdomen with T 1 – 4 and anterior margin of T 5 brown microtomentose on dorsal side, rest of T 5 shiny. Head: frons with 2 + 0.9 orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta slightly medioreclinate. In males frons 1.8 – 2.2 x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 3.0 x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with notch (5 om) and emargination (2 om). Thorax: 2 dc, 1 prsc, 1 pprn, 1 + 0.6 + 0.5 prs, 2 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc absent. Wing with veins R 4 + 5 and M convergent (3.3 – 4.7); M-ratio is 1.8 – 2.0. Fore femur densely setulose, tibial organ absent. Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T 1 into T 2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T 2 anterolateral corner with more than 3 lines of setae, T 2 – 5 setulose. S 5 1.2 x as long as wide, 1.5 x as long and 1.3 x as wide as S 4, roughly rectangular, posterior margin indented, strongly setulose with short setae (Pl. 15 H). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus as long as epandrial setae; epandrium with striate anteroventral extension and 0 setae on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.4 x as long as epandrium high, slightly dilated posteroapically (1.6 x), anterior margin more or less straight, 2.4 x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface striate, medial surface without setulae (Pl. 15 D). Special characters: palpus ventrally strongly setulose. Milichiella lucidula syntypes: BOLIVIA. La Paz: Sorata, 2300 m (15 ° 46 ' 59.88 " S 68 ° 37 ' 59.88 " W), 23. xii. 1902, Schnuse (10 ♂ SMTD, ZMHU, 3216473 – 9, 3216482 – 4), 1 – 31. xii. 1902 (♂ SMTD, 3216480); PERU. Callanga (5 ♂ HNHM, 3218394 – 8). Becker's ST series consists of male specimen (s) from Peru, Callanga, at HNHM and male specimen (s) from Bolivia, Sorata from the Schnuse collection. At the ZMHU, there are 3 ST, of which two bear Becker's determination labels. At the HNHM, there are 5 ST of which one bears Becker's identification label. At the SMTD there are 2 ST that bear Becker's determination labels and a further 6 ST bearing just the locality and collection labels. Additional Schnuse specimens from Peru and Bolivia (5 males) are in DEI. The DEI specimens are not treated as syntypes because all the Schnuse specimens in DEI appear not to have been identified by Becker, but other people.	en	Brake, Irina (2009): Revision of Milichiella Giglio-Tos (Diptera, Milichiidae) 2188. Zootaxa 2188 (1): 1-166, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2188.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2188.1.1
03AB0903FFEDFF82FF5A6316BB8AF941.taxon	description	Milichiella bisignata paralectotype: UNITED STATES. New Jersey: Burlington Co., Riverton (40 ° 0 ' 0 " N 75 ° 0 ' 0 " W), 4. vii. 19 ??, Johnson (♂ USNM, 3216499). Milichiella bisignata was described from two male specimens, one in USNM and one in MCZ. I here designate the MCZ specimen which has been photographed (" Type 7888 ", Anonymous 2009) as lectotype. Additional material examined (USNM unless otherwise indicated): ARGENTINA. Buenos Aires: Bahia Blanca (38 ° 45 ' 0 " S 62 ° 15 ' 0 " W), 10. xi. 1946, Wilhule [?] (♂, 3216495), 23. x. 1926, Edwards & Edwards (♂ BMNH, 3216486). Catamarca: El Arenal, W. cord. Aconquija, 2600 m (27 ° 6 ' 0 " S 66 ° 19 ' 59.88 " W), 3 – 4. x. 1968, Pena (♂ CNC, 3216960). Formosa: Clorinda (25 ° 16 '. 12 " S 57 ° 45 ' 0 " W), 1 – 30. xi. 1947, Morel (♂, 3216489). Tucumán: Aconquija (26 ° 48 ' 0 " S 65 ° 21 ' 0 " W), 6 – 10. xii. 1950, Golbach (♂, 3216497); Cacavera (27 ° 0 ' 0 " S 65 ° 30 ' 0 " W), 23 – 28. xi. 1951, Aczel & Golbach (2 ♂, 3216493 – 4); Quebrada La Toma (27 ° 0 ' 0 " S 65 ° 30 ' 0 " W), 21. xii. 1950, Golbach (♂, 3216496); BOLIVIA. La Paz: Sorata, 2300 m (15 ° 46 ' 59.88 " S 68 ° 37 ' 59.88 " W), 22. xii. 1902, Schnuse (♂ DEI, 3218274), 1 – 31. xii. 1902 (2 ♂ DEI, 3218275 – 6). Pando: near mouth of Rio Mapiri (10 ° 10 ' 59.88 " S 66 ° 34 '. 12 " W), 1 – 30. ix. 1921, Mann (2 ♂, 3216491 – 2). Santa Cruz: Campo Guairuy, 24 km S Camiri, 870 m (20 ° 7 ' 59.88 " S 63 ° 33 ' 0 " W), 18. viii. – 2. ix. 2000, Irwin & Hauser (2 ♂ 1 ♀ DEBU, 3217287 – 9); BRAZIL. Santa Catarina: Nova Teutonia, 300 – 500 m (27 ° 11 ' S, 52 ° 23 ' W), 9. vii. 1937, Plaumann (♂ BMNH, 3216485); CHILE. Region del Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins: Cocalan (34 ° 13 '. 12 " S 71 ° 19 '. 12 " W), 10 – 14. iii. 1954 (♂ CNC, 3217677); COLOMBIA. Ujhelyi, Sierra S. Lorenzo, 1 – 31. iii. 1912 (8 ♂ HNHM, 3218482 – 5, 3218509 – 12); COSTA RICA. Cartago: La Suiza (9 ° 51 ' 0 " N 83 ° 37 '. 12 " W), Schild (3 ♂, 3216487 – 8, 3216506). Heredia: Santo Domingo, near INBio Park (9 ° 58 ' 4 " N, 84 ° 5 ' 5 " W), 20. viii. 2001, Barber (4 ♀ DEBU, 3217678 – 81); ECUADOR. Azuay: 10 km W Santa Isabel, 1500 m (3 ° 22 '. 12 " S 79 ° 22 '. 12 " W), 10 – 13. iii. 1965, Pena (3 ♂ CNC, 3216956 – 8). Imbabura: Yaguarcocha, 3 km N Ibarra, 1950 m (0 ° 22 ' 59.88 " N 78 ° 4 ' 59.88 " W), 8 – 9. vi. 1965, Pena (♂ CNC, 3216959). Pichincha: Valley near Hosteria San Jorge, 10 km NW Quito, 3000 m (0 ° 13 ' 59.88 " S 78 ° 30 ' 0 " W), 23. x. 1999, Marshall (♂ DEBU, 3217286); LESOTHO. Maseru, Roma Mission, Upper Cave, Sandstone level, 1829 m (29 ° 30 ' 0 " S 28 ° 0 ' 0 " E), 4 – 13. i. 1963, Stuckenberg & Stuckenberg (5 ♂ 1 ♀ NMP, 3218727 – 31, 3218739); Quthing, Orange River near Quthing (30 ° 24 ' 0 " S 27 ° 43 ' 0 " E), 1 – 31. i. 1963, Stuckenberg & Stuckenberg (♂ NMP, 3218736); MEXICO. Chiapas: San Cristobal de las Casas, 2157 m (16 ° 45 ' 0 " N 92 ° 40 '. 12 " W), 3 – 7. vi. 1969, Peterson (♂ CNC, 3216962), 27. vi. 1969 (♂ CNC, 3216961), 14. v. 1969, Mason (♂ CNC, 3216964), 17. vi. 1969 (♂ CNC, 3216963). Hidalgo: Agua Grande Fria (20 ° 58 ' 0 " N 99 ° 12 ' 0 " W), 1 – 30. ix. 1950, Wiegand (5 ♂ USNM, 3216500 – 4). Morelos: Cuernavaca (18 ° 57 ' 0 " N 99 ° 15 ' 0 " W), 1 – 31. v. 1945, Krauss (♂, 3216553), 1 – 30. vi. 1945 (2 ♂, 3216551 – 2), 1. iii. – 31. v. 1965 (♂, 3216514). Sonora: 16.1 km SE Guaymas (27 ° 58 ' 59.88 " N 110 ° 54 ' 0 " W), 13. viii. 1959, Painter & E. M. (♂, 3216505); PERU. Cusco: Urubamba river, Umahuankilia (10 ° 41 ' 47.04 " S 73 ° 44 ' 53.16 " W), 18. ix. 1903, Schnuse (♂ DEI, 3218278). Lima: Lima (12 ° 3 ' 0 " S 77 ° 3 ' 0 " W), 1 – 31. iii. 1928, Shannon & Sainz (♂, 3216490); Pasco: Pichis-Weg (9 ° 58 ' 59.88 " S 74 ° 58 ' 59.88 " W), 1 – 31. i. 1904, Schnuse (♂ DEI, 3218277); SOUTH AFRICA. Cape: 3 km NW Grahamstown, Strowan Farm (33 ° 18 ' 0 " S 26 ° 31 ' 59.88 " E), 1 – 2. i. 1986, Londt (4 ♂ 1 ♀ NMP, 3218732 – 5, 3218738); Jeffreys Bay, Humansdorp area, Coastal Dunes (34 ° 1 ' 59.88 " S 24 ° 46 '. 12 " E), 3. xii. 1967, Stuckenberg & Stuckenberg (♂ NMP, 3218737). KwaZulu-Natal: Weenen (28 ° 51 ' 0 " S 30 ° 4 '. 12 " E), 1 – 30. iv. 1924, Thomasset (♂ BMNH, 3216550); UNITED STATES. Delaware: Sussex Co., Gumboro (38 ° 28 '. 12 " N 75 ° 21 ' 0 " W), 2. viii. 1952, Sabrosky (8 ♂ 3 ♀, 3216515 – 22, 3216532 – 4). District of Columbia: Washington (38 ° 52 ' 59.88 " N 77 ° 1 ' 59.88 " W), May, Coquillett (♀, 3216548). Florida: Jackson Co., Florida Caverns St. Park (30 ° 48 ' 0 " N 85 ° 13 '. 12 " W), 26. v. 1973, Wirth (♀, 3216542). Illinois: Champaign Co., Urbana (40 ° 6 ' 0 " N 88 ° 12 ' 0 " W), 11. vi. 1915 (1 ♂ 2 ♀ USNM, MCSNM, 3216529, 3216549, 3218205), 17. vi. 1915, Aldrich [?] (2 ♂, 3216530 – 1); Macoupin Co., Carlinville (39 ° 16 '. 12 " N 89 ° 52 '. 12 " W), Robertson (2 ♂, 3216510 – 1). Indiana: Tippecanoe Co., Lafayette (40 ° 25 '. 12 " N 86 ° 52 '. 12 " W), 3. vii. 19 ??, Aldrich (♂, 3216512). Kansas: Riley Co., Manhattan (39 ° 12 ' 0 " N 96 ° 36 ' 0 " W), 24. iv. 1934, Sabrosky (♂, 3216523), 7. vii. 1934 (1 ♂ 5 ♀, 3216524, 3216535 – 9), 12. vii. 1934 (♀, 3216540). Maryland: Prince Georges Co., College Park (38 ° 58 '. 12 " N 76 ° 55 ' 59.88 " W), 29. vi. 1913, Knap (♂, 3216513). Missouri: Boone Co., Columbia (38 ° 57 ' 0 " N 92 ° 19 ' 59.88 " W), 1 – 15. xi. 1968, Parker (♀, 3216541). New Mexico: Socorro Co., Magdalena (34 ° 7 '. 12 " N 107 ° 13 ' 59.88 " W), 26. vi. 1951 Wheeler [?] (2 ♂, 3216507 – 8). Pennsylvania: York Co., Avondale (39 ° 55 ' 59.88 " N 76 ° 40 ' 59.88 " W), 26. vii. 1939, Davis (♀, 3216543), 1 – 30. ix. 1939 (4 ♂ 4 ♀, 3216525 – 8, 3216544 – 7). South Carolina: Oconee Co., Seneca (34 ° 40 ' 59.88 " N 82 ° 57 ' 0 " W), 20. viii. 1957, Richards (♂ CNC, 3218255). Texas: Brewster Co., Big Bend N. P., Green Gulch, 1372 m (29 ° 16 '. 12 " N 103 ° 16 '. 12 " W), 1. v. 1959, McAlpine (♂ CNC, 3216955), 7. v. 1959 (7 ♂ CNC, 3216948 – 54). Virginia: Augusta Co., Mt. Solon (38 ° 19 ' 59.88 " N 79 ° 4 ' 59.88 " W), 1. vii. 1951, Murray (♂, 3216509). Material of questionable identity: ARGENTINA. Tucumán: Arroyo, 14 km S El Tala, 700 m (26 ° 7 '. 12 " S 65 ° 16 ' 59.88 " E), 13 – 14. x. 1968, Pena (♀ CNC, 3218244). Distribution. New Mexico and Kansas east to New Jersey, south to Florida and Mexico; Central America and western and middle South America, south to middle Argentina. Remarks. Milichiella bisignata is a junior synonym of M. lucidula. I have compared the male terminalia of a syntype of M. lucidula with those of the paralectotype of M. bisignata. Milichiella lucidula has been collected in Malaise and light traps, pans in grass piles, Acacia grassland, sweeps on roadside grasses and on mushroom compost. Milichiella rugosistyla Brake, sp. n. (Pl. 28 B, F) Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of shiny frons, subshiny mesonotum, yellow halter, and silvery male T 2 – 5. Description. Body length:? mm; wing length: 3.2 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons shiny black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates shiny black, lunule brown, basoflagellomere dorsobasally brown, rest orange, face brown microtomentose, lateral margins yellowish silvery, palpus yellow brown; thorax with mesonotum subshiny black, more shiny on posterior half, scutellum shiny, pleuron brown microtomentose except for shiny spot on an- and katepisternum, wing hyaline to whitish, veins hyaline to light brown, brown spot at apex of vein R 1 present, calypter white, halter yellow, legs black; abdomen with T 2 – 5 silvery microtomentose. Female coloration and vestiture: lunule, basoflagellomere and palpus more yellow than in male, halter yellow, basitarsi yellowish, abdomen with T 2 – 4 slightly brown microtomentose dorsally, shiny laterally, T 5 subshiny. Head: frons with? (female: 2) orbital and? frontal setae, anterior frontal seta?. In males frons 1.9 x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 4.3 x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with wide notch (8 om) and narrow emargination (2 om). Thorax: 2 dc, 1 prsc,? pprn, 1 prs,? keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc absent. Wing with veins R 4 + 5 and M strongly convergent (6.0); M-ratio is 1.8. Fore femur normal setulose, tibial organ absent. Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T 1 into T 2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T 2 anterolateral corner with 2 – 3 lines of setae, T 2 – 5 posterior margin with 1 – 2 rows of setulae. S 5 1.1 x as long as wide, 1.8 x as long and 1.7 x as wide as S 4, posterior margin indented, strongly setulose with short setae (Pl. 28 F). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus as long as longest epandrial seta and 0 setae on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.5 x as long as epandrium high, dilated apically (1.4 x), straight, 2.8 x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface slightly wrinkled, medial surface without setulae, longer sensilla along margin (Pl. 28 B). Special characters: M bending to R 4 + 5 quite sharply near wing margin. Holotype, ♂: PARAGUAY. Cordillera: San Bernardino (25 ° 16 '. 12 " S 57 ° 19 '. 12 " W), Fiebrig (DEI, 3218284), in suboptimal condition, head setae missing, abdomen dissected. Paratypes, same data as HT (♀ DEI, 3218285). BRAZIL: Ceará: Aracaty (4 ° 34 ' 0 " S 37 ° 46 ' 0 " W), 1. ix. 1939, Alves (USNM, 3219246 – 7). Distribution: Brazil, Paraguay. Etymology. The species name, rugosistyla, is derived from rugosus = wrinkled and refers to the slightly wrinkled outer surface of the surstylus. Remarks. Milichiella rugosistyla was collected in bat caves. Milichiella striata Brake, sp. n. Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of shiny black mesonotum and brown microtomentose male T 1 – 5 except for shiny lateral margin of T 2 and posterior part of T 5, as well as silvery broad lateral margin of T 3 – 4, anterior margin of T 4, and anterior third of T 5. Description. Body length:? mm; wing length:? mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates shiny black, lunule reddish, basoflagellomere basomedially red, face grey microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum shiny black, scutellum brown microtomentose, pleuron with anepisternum and large spot in middle of katepisternum shiny, otherwise brown microtomentose, wing white, veins yellow, brown spot at apex of vein R 1 absent, calypter white with yellow margin, halter yellow, legs black, hind tarsus with light brush; abdomen with T 1 – 5 brown microtomentose except for shiny lateral margin of T 2, silvery broad lateral margin of T 3 – 4, anterior margin of T 4; anterior third of T 5 silvery, posterior part shiny. Head: frons with 2 + 0.7 orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta? slightly medioreclinate. In males frons 1.9 x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 2.9 x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with notch (5 om) and narrow emargination (1 om). Thorax: 2 dc, 1 prsc, 1 pprn, 1 prs, 2 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc absent. Wing with veins R 4 + 5 and M strongly convergent (7); M-ratio is 1.9. Fore femur normal setulose, tibial organ absent. Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T 1 into T 2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T 2 scarcely setulose, anterolateral corner with more than 3 lines of setae, T 3 – 4 posterior margin with one row of setulae, T 5 shiny parts setulose. S 5 1.9 x as long as wide, 1.6 x as long and 1.2 x as wide as S 4, posterior margin indented, strongly setulose with short setulae (see Pl. 15 E). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus as long as longest epandrial setae; dorsal length of epandrium less than in lucidula; epandrium with striate anteroventral extension and 0 setae on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.3 x as long as epandrium high, dilated posteroapically (1.3 x) with anterior margin straight and slight angle at anteroapical margin, 1.8 x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface striate, medial surface without setulae, some sensilla at margin and a few in middle (see Pl. 15 C). Holotype, ♂: UNITED STATES. Kansas: Reno Co., Hutchinson (38 ° 3 ' 0 " N 97 ° 55 '. 12 " W), 30. vi. 1934, Sabrosky (USNM, 3216611), in good condition. Paratypes, same data as HT (2 ♂ USNM, 3216612 – 3); UNITED STATES. New Mexico: Roosevelt Co., Blackwater Draw nr. Portales, 1219 m (34 ° 10 ' 59.88 " N 103 ° 19 ' 59.88 " W), 24 – 30. v. 1991, O'Hara & Jorgensen (♂ CNC, 3217126). Distribution. Kansas, New Mexico. Etymology. The species name, striata, is an adjective derived from the Latin striare = provided with wrinkles and refers to the striate structure of the male surstylus. Remarks. Milichiella striata was collected in Malaise traps. Milichiella villarricae Brake, sp. n. (Pl. 15 I) Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of shiny black ocellar triangle, 2 dc, and T 2 – 5 silvery microtomentose except for posterior half of T 5 which is brown microtomentose anteriorly and shiny at tip. Description. Body length: 2.8 – 3.0 mm; wing length:? mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and upper orbital plates shiny black, lunule brown, basoflagellomere basomedially yellow, face grey microtomentose, palpus yellow; thorax with mesonotum brown microtomentose, scutellum same, pleuron silvery grey on dorsal half, wing brownish, veins brown, brown spot at apex of vein R 1 weak or absent, calypter white, margin yellow, halter yellow, legs black except for apically yellow fore coxa, yellow tip of fore and mid tibia, and all basitarsi; abdomen with T 2 – 5 silvery microtomentose except for posterior half of T 5 which is brown microtomentose anteriorly and shiny at tip. Head: frons with 2 + 0.3 orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 2 x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 4.9 x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista short, less long than base or arista wide, posterior eye margin with notch (5 – 6 om) and narrow emargination (1 om). Thorax: 2 dc, 1 prsc, 1 pprn, 1 prs, 2 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc absent. Wing with veins R 4 + 5 and M convergent (2); M-ratio is 2.1. Fore femur normal setulose, tibial organ absent. Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T 1 into T 2 very weak. Tergal chaetotaxy: T 2 anterolateral corner with 2 – 3 lines of setae, T 2 + 5 posterior half setulose, T 3 – 4 posterior margin with 1 – 2 rows of setulae. S 5 1.4 x as long as wide, 1.5 x as long and 1.7 x as wide as S 4, posterior margin indented, strongly setulose with short setulae (see Pl. 15 F). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus slightly shorter than longest epandrial seta; epandrium with striate anteroventral extension and 0 setae on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.2 x as long as epandrium high, not dilated, 0.9 x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface striate, medial surface without setulae (Pl. 15 I). Holotype, ♂: PARAGUAY. Guaira: Villarrica (25 ° 45 ' 0 " S 56 ° 25 ' 59.88 " W), 1 – 31. vii. 1937, Schade (USNM, 3216701), in good condition, abdomen dissected. Paratype, same data as HT (♂ USNM, 3216702), on same pin with a Pholeomyia specimen. Distribution. Paraguay. Etymology. The species name, villarricae, is a genitive noun derived from the type locality.	en	Brake, Irina (2009): Revision of Milichiella Giglio-Tos (Diptera, Milichiidae) 2188. Zootaxa 2188 (1): 1-166, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2188.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2188.1.1
03AB0903FFE3FFBCFF5A6071BC02FE31.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Australia. Milichiella badia Brake, sp. n. (Pl. 16 A, D) Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of brown wing, brown microtomentose male T 2, and red brown microtomentose T 3 – 5 except for brown tip and lateral sides of T 5. Description. Body length: 3.0 mm; wing length: 3.0 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons brown, ocellar triangle and orbital plates brown microtomentose, lunule brown, basoflagellomere black, face grey microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum dark brown microtomentose, scutellum same, pleuron lighter, more greyish microtomentose in some lights, wing brown, more strongly on anterior half, veins brown, brown spot at apex of vein R 1 weak, calypter brown with dark margin, halter black, legs black; abdomen with T 2 brown microtomentose, T 3 – 5 red brown microtomentose except for brown tip and lateral sides of T 5. Pl. 16: A – C. Male genitalia, lateral view. A. Milichiella badia, HT; B. M. booloombae, HT; C. M. mollis. D – F. Male sternite 4 – 5. D. M. badia, HT; E. M. booloombae, HT; F. M. mollis. Scale bar: 0.1. Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2 (+ 0.8) frontal setae, middle frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 1.9 x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 4.4 x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin without notch but emargination (3 om). Thorax: 3 + 1 dc, 3 + 1 prsc, 1 pprn, 1 + 0.7 + row prs, 2 + 0.8 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc absent. Wing with veins R 4 + 5 and M convergent (2.7); Mratio is 1.9. Fore femur slightly more densely setulose, tibial organ absent. Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T 1 into T 2 weak. Tergal chaetotaxy: T 2 anterolateral corner with more than 3 lines of setae, T 2 – 5 setulose. S 5 1.2 x as long as wide, less than 2.4 x as long and 3.4 x as wide as S 4, strongly setulose (Pl. 16 D). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus about as long as longest epandrial seta, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 1.0 x as long as epandrium high, bent posteriorly, dilated apically (1.6 x), preapical posterior margin slightly rugged, 8.5 x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface with long setulae along anterior margin (Pl. 16 A). Special characters: all setulae long; mesonotum with only few setulae; mid femur with some long setae antero- and posteroventrally in male, but not conspicuous; T 2 in male short, T 3 on median line about 10 x as long as T 2. Holotype, ♂: AUSTRALIA. New South Wales: Lord Howe I., Ned’s Beach (31 ° 33 ' 0 " S 159 ° 4 ' 59.88 " E), 1 – 31. xii. 1972, Liepa (ANIC, 3218063), in good condition, abdomen dissected. Distribution. Australia (New South Wales). Etymology. The species name, badia, is an adjective derived from the Latin badius = reddish brown and refers to the colour of male T 3 – 5. Milichiella booloombae Brake, sp. n. (Pl. 16 B, E) Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of dark brown mesonotum, 3 + 1 dc, and male T 2 – 5 silvery microtomentose except for brown microtomentose anterior third and middle of T 2 and posterior half of T 5. Description. Body length: 3.2 mm; wing length: 3.3 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons brown, ocellar triangle and orbital plates brown microtomentose, lunule brown, basoflagellomere black, face greyish microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum dark brown microtomentose, scutellum and pleuron same, wing hyaline, veins brown, brown spot at apex of vein R 1 weak, calypter hyaline with brown margin, halter black, legs black; abdomen with T 2 – 5 silvery microtomentose except for brown microtomentose anterior third and middle of T 2 and posterior half of T 5. Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta medioreclinate. In males frons 2.3 x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 5.7 x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with wide notch (6 om) and slight emargination (1 om). Thorax: 3 + 1 dc, 4 + 1 prsc, 1 pprn, 1 + 0.7 + row prs, 2 + 0.8 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc present. Wing with veins R 4 + 5 and M weakly convergent (1.7); M-ratio is 2.3. Fore femur slightly more densely setulose, tibial organ absent. Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T 1 into T 2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T 2 anterolateral corner with more than 3 lines of setae, T 2 + T 5 posterior half setulose, T 3 – 4 posterior margin with 2 rows of setulae. S 5 1.1 x as long as wide, 1.5 x as long and 2.1 x as wide as S 4, posterior margin indented, long and strongly setulose (Pl. 16 E). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus slightly longer than epandrial setae, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 1.1 x as long as epandrium high, bent posteriorly, dilated apically (1.3 x), with small edentation at posterior base of dilation, 9.4 x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface with long setulae along anterior margin (Pl. 16 B). Special characters: all setulae long; mesonotum with only few setulae; mid femur with long setae antero- and posteroventrally in male. Holotype, ♂: AUSTRALIA. Queensland: Conondale Ra. Booloomba Creek (26 ° 44 ' S, 152 ° 43 ' E), 1 – 3. xii. 1985, Cassis & Bickel (ANIC, 3218065), in good condition, abdomen dissected. Distribution. Australia (Queensland). Etymology. The species name, booloombae, is a genitive noun derived from the type locality. Remarks. Milichiella booloombae has been collected in rainforest. Milichiella cooloolae Brake, sp. n. (Pl. 17 B, F) Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of dark brown mesonotum, 3 + 1 dc, and male T 2 – 5 black microtomentose except for silvery broad lateral sides of T 2, and anterior part and lateral sides of T 3 – 5. Description. Body length: 3.2 mm; wing length: 3.2 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons brown, ocellar triangle and orbital plates brown microtomentose, lunule brown, basoflagellomere black, face grey microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum dark brown microtomentose, scutellum same, pleuron more greyish microtomentose in some lights, wing hyaline, veins brown, brown spot at apex of vein R 1 weak, calypter hyaline with brown margin, halter black, legs black; abdomen with T 2 – 5 black microtomentose except for silvery broad lateral sides of T 2, and anterior part and lateral sides of T 3 – 5. Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 2.0 x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 4.7 x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with wide notch (6 om) and slight emargination (1 – 2 om). Thorax: 3 + 1 dc, 3 + 1? prsc, 1 pprn, 1 + 0.7 prs and row of short setae, 2 + 0.8 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc present. Wing with veins R 4 + 5 and M weakly convergent (1.8); M-ratio is 2.5. Fore femur densely setulose, tibial organ absent. Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T 1 into T 2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T 2 anterolateral corner with more than 3 lines of setae, T 2 – 5 setulose on posterior half, even on silvery parts. S 5 at least 0.9 x as long as wide, at least 1.3 x as long and 2.1 x as wide as S 4, posterior margin indented, strongly setulose (Pl. 17 F). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus longer than epandrial setae, cercus strongly setulose, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 1.3 x as long as epandrium high, bent posteriorly, dilated apically (1.6 x) with small hook at posterior base of dilation, 9.8 x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface with long setulae along anterior margin (Pl. 17 B). Special characters: all setulae long; mesonotum with only few setulae; mid femur with long setae antero- and posteroventrally in male. Holotype, ♂: AUSTRALIA. Queensland: Cooloola (26 ° 4 ' 59.88 " S 153 ° 0 ' 0 " E), 31. viii. 1978, Common (ANIC, 3218064), in good condition, abdomen dissected. Distribution. Australia (Queensland). Etymology. The species name, cooloolae, is a genitive noun derived from the type locality. Milichiella mollis Brake, sp. n. (Pl. 16 C, F) Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of dark brown mesonotum and male T 1 – 2 brown microtomentose, T 3 – 5 silvery microtomentose except for brown posterolateral corner of T 5. Description. Body length: 2.5 – 3.2 mm; wing length: 2.8 – 3.6 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons brown, ocellar triangle and orbital plates brown microtomentose, lunule dark brown, basoflagellomere black, face silvery microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum dark brown microtomentose, scutellum same, pleuron more greyish microtomentose, wing hyaline, veins brown, brown spot at apex of vein R 1 weak, calypter light brown with brown margin, halter black, legs black, fore and hind tarsus with dark brown brush; abdomen with T 1 – 2 brown microtomentose, T 3 – 5 silvery microtomentose except for brown posterolateral corner of T 5. Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 1.9 x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 4.7 x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin without notch but emargination (4 om). Thorax: 3 + 1 dc, 4 + 1 prsc, 1 pprn, 1 + 0.7 prs and row of short setae, 1 + 0.7 + 0.7 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc absent. Wing with veins R 4 + 5 and M convergent (2.6); M-ratio is 2.3. Fore femur densely setulose, tibial organ absent. Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T 1 into T 2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T 2 anterolateral corner with more than 3 lines of setae, T 2 with hairs at posterior margin, T 3 – 4 with very scarce setulae at posterior margin, T 5 with setulae at posterior margin and lateral sides;. S 5 1.3 x as long as wide, 2.1 x as long and 2.6 x as wide as S 4, strongly setulose (Pl. 16 F). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus longer than epandrial setae, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 1.0 x as long as epandrium high, bent posteriorly, dilated apically (1.6 x), with small edentation at posterior base of dilation, 7.5 x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface with long setulae along anterior margin (Pl. 16 C). Special characters: all setulae long; mesonotum with only few setulae; mid femur with long setae antero- and posteroventrally in male; T 2 in male short, T 3 on median line about 6 – 7 x as long as T 2, silvery microtomentum very long. Holotype, ♂: AUSTRALIA. New South Wales: Austinmer (34 ° 18 ' S, 150 ° 55 ' E), 17. x. 1998, Britton (AMS, 3218067; K 232531), in good condition. Paratypes: AUSTRALIA. New South Wales: Iluka, Clarence River (29 ° 24 ' S, 153 ° 21 ' E), 19. i. 1971, McAlpine (2 ♂ AMS, BMNH, 3218069 – 70); Upper Allyn River, 457 m (32 ° 33 ' 0 " S 151 ° 34 '. 12 " E), 9. ii. 1961, Common & Upton (♂ ANIC, 3218072). Queensland: Lake Placid, near Cairns (16 ° 53 ' S, 145 ° 46 ' E), 2. i. 1959, McAlpine (♂ AMS, 3218071); Middle Claudie River, Iron Range (12 ° 43 ' S, 143 ° 17 ' E), 29. ix. 1974, Daniels (♂ AMS, 3218068). Material of questionable identity: AUSTRALIA. Queensland: Claudie River, near Mount Lamond (12 ° 45 ' S, 143 ° 17 ' E), 5. vi. 1966, McAlpine (♀ AMS, 3218074); Kuranda Range State Forest, Black Mountain Road, 7 – 8 m (16 ° 49 '. 12 " S 145 ° 39 ' 0 " E), 20. iv. 1967, Colless (♀ ANIC, 3218073). Distribution. Australia (New South Wales, Queensland). Remarks. There are two females from Queensland that might belong to this species. They differ from males in the following characters: posterior eye margin gradually separating from head margin ventrally; mesonotum brown microtomentose except for yellow grey posterior third, scutellum brown microtomentose, pleuron more greyish microtomentose; halter yellow; T 2 – 5 brown microtomentose. Etymology. The species name, mollis, is derived from the Latin mollis = soft and refers to the soft looking, velvety brown microtomentum on the male mesonotum. Milichiella multisetae Brake, sp. n. (Pl. 17 A, E) Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of subshiny black frons, brown microtomentose male T 2, and red brown microtomentose T 3 – 5 except for brown tip and lateral sides of T 5. Description. Body length: 4.7 mm; wing length: 4.8 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates brown microtomentose, lunule brown, basoflagellomere black, face grey microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum brown microtomentose, scutellum and pleuron same except for big shiny spot on an- and katepisternum, wing anterior margin apical of sc brown, brown spot at apex of vein R 1 weak, calypter hyaline with brown margin, halter black, legs black; abdomen with T 2 brown microtomentose, T 3 – 5 red brown microtomentose except for brown tip and lateral sides of T 5. Pl. 17: A – C. Male genitalia, lateral view. A. Milichiella multisetae, HT; B. M. cooloolae, HT; C. M. velutina. D. M. velutina, surstylus. E – G. Male sternite 4 – 5. E. M. multisetae, HT; F. M. cooloolae, HT; G. M. velutina. Scale bar: 0.1. Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 1.9 x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 5.7 x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with notch (5 om) and slight emargination (1 om). Thorax: 3 + 1 dc, 1 prsc, 1 pprn, 1 + 0.8 + 0.6 prs, 2 + 0.8 + 0.7 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc present. Wing with veins R 4 + 5 and M weakly convergent (1.6); M-ratio is 1.9. Fore femur slightly more densely setulose, tibial organ absent. Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T 1 into T 2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T 2 anterolateral corner with more than 3 lines of setae, T 2 – 5 posterior half setulose. S 5 1.2 x as long as wide, 1.5 x as long and 2.1 x as wide as S 4, extremely setulose (Pl. 17 E). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus as long or longer than epandrial setae, cercus strongly setulose, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 1.2 x as long as epandrium high, slightly bent posteriorly, slightly dilated apically (1.2 x), 7.8 x as long as wide, posteroapical margin slightly serrate, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface with long setulae along anterior margin (Pl. 17 A). Holotype, ♂: PAPUA NEW GUINEA. Western Highlands: Baiyer River (5 ° 33 ' 0 " S 144 ° 7 '. 12 " E), 24. viii. 1970, Norris (ANIC, 3218066), in good condition, abdomen dissected. Distribution. New Guinea. Etymology. The species name, multisetae, is an adjective derived from the Latin multus = many and seta = bristle, referring to the strongly setulose sternites of the male.	en	Brake, Irina (2009): Revision of Milichiella Giglio-Tos (Diptera, Milichiidae) 2188. Zootaxa 2188 (1): 1-166, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2188.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2188.1.1
03AB0903FFDDFFBAFF5A654EBB4BF83C.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Honduras south to Peru.	en	Brake, Irina (2009): Revision of Milichiella Giglio-Tos (Diptera, Milichiidae) 2188. Zootaxa 2188 (1): 1-166, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2188.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2188.1.1
03AB0903FFDDFFBAFF5A654EBB4BF83C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of brown frons, mesonotum densely reddish brown microtomentose, 2 dc, calypter margin dark brown, basitarsi yellow, T 2 – 5 silvery microtomentose except for tip of T 5, silvery microtomentum very long and in rows. Description. Body length: 3.2 mm; wing length: 3.0 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons brown, ocellar triangle and orbital plates brown microtomentose, lunule black, basoflagellomere black, face greyish microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum densely reddish brown microtomentose, scutellum same, pleuron brown microtomentose, wing hyaline, veins light brown, brown spot at apex of vein R 1 absent, calypter brown with dark margin, halter black, legs black except for yellow basitarsi, hind tarsus with conspicuous yellow brush; abdomen with T 2 – 5 silvery white microtomentose except for narrow anterolateral corner of T 2, lateral margins of T 2 – 3 and posterior extended half of T 5. Head: frons with 2 + 0.5 orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta very slightly medioreclinate. In males frons 2.0 x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 5.7 x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista short, about as long as base of arista wide, posterior eye margin with notch (4 om) and emargination (3 om). Thorax: 2 dc, 1 prsc, 1 pprn, 1 + 0.3 prs, 2 keps setae, posterior prsc as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc small. Wing with veins R 4 + 5 and M weakly convergent (1.5); M-ratio is 2.0 – 2.2. Fore femur normal setulose, tibial organ absent. Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T 1 into T 2 very weak. Tergal chaetotaxy: T 2 anterolateral corner with 2 – 3 lines of setae, T 5 posterior half with long setae, silvery parts without setae. S 5 1.3 x as long as wide, 1.0 x as long and 4.4 x as wide as S 4, roughly triangular with posterior margin indented, setulose with setae getting longer posterolaterad (Pl. 18 I). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus longer than epandrial setae, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus similar to M. turrialbae, but more gradually dilated, 6.5 x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface without setulae, some longer sensilla along anterior margin (Pl. 18 C, F). Special characters: silvery microtomentum extremely long and in rows. Holotype, ♂: BOLIVIA. La Paz: Sarampione, 700 m (15 ° 25 ' S, 68 ° 7 ' W), 1 – 28. ii. 1903, Schnuse (SMTD, 3216899), in good condition. Pl. 18: A – C. Male genitalia, lateral view. A. Milichiella argenteidorsa; B. M. turrialbae; C. M. nudiventris. D – F. Surstylus. D. M. argenteidorsa; E. M. turrialbae; F. M. nudiventris. G – I. Male sternite 4 – 5. G. M. argenteidorsa; H. M. turrialbae; I. M. nudiventris. Scale bar: 0.1. Additional material examined (USNM unless otherwise indicated): COSTA RICA. Cartago: La Suiza (9 ° 51 ' 0 " N 83 ° 37 '. 12 " W), Schild (2 ♂ 1 ♀, 3216905, 3216922 – 3), 1 – 30. iv. 1922 (4 ♂ 1 ♀, 3216908 – 12), 1 – 31. x. 1923 (♂, 3216914), 1 – 31. iii. 1924 (♂, 3216915), 1 – 30. ix. 1924 (♂, 3216906), 12. vi. 1926 (♂, 3216907); Turrialba (9 ° 54 ' 0 " N 83 ° 40 ' 59.88 " W), 1 – 30. xi. 1922, Schild (4 ♂ USNM, BMNH, 3216916 – 9); HONDURAS. Atlantida: La Ceiba (15 ° 46 ' 59.88 " N 86 ° 49 ' 59.88 " W), 2. xii. 1916, Dyer (♂, 3216904); PAN- AMA. Colon: Fort Sherman, Mojinga Swamp (9 ° 18 ' 0 " N 79 ° 58 '. 12 " W), 25. vi. 1952, Blanton (♂, 3216903). Panama: Barro Colorado I. (9 ° 9 ' 0 " N 79 ° 51 ' 0 " W), 13. viii. 1977, Silberglied & Aiello (♂, 3216902), 10. vi. 1978, Woodley (♂, 3216900); Summit (9 ° 4 '. 12 " N 79 ° 39 ' 0 " W), 1 – 31. x. 1946, Krauss (♂, 3216901); PERU. Madre de Dios: Manu, 400 m (12 ° 15 ' 0 " S 70 ° 49 ' 59.88 " W), 26 – 30. x. 1962, Pena (♂ CNC, 3217854). Material of questionable identity (all HNHM): COSTA RICA. Cartago: La Suiza (9 ° 51 ' 0 " N 83 ° 37 '. 12 " W), 1. iv. 1921 (♂, 3218488), 11. v. 1921 (♂, 3218487), 18. v. 1921 (♂, 3218489), 1921 (♂, 3218486). Distribution. Honduras south to Peru. Remarks. Milichiella nudiventris has been collected on Cassia leaves (Fabaceae). Milichiella turrialbae Brake, sp. n. (Pl. 18 B, E, H) Diagnosis. Differs from M. nudiventris in male abdomen with T 2 brown microtomentose except for silvery lateral sides, T 3 – 5 silvery microtomentose except for brown microtomentose posteromedial margin of T 3 and subshiny tip of T 5. Description. Body length: 2.8 – 3.4 mm; wing length: 2.4 – 2.9 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons brown, ocellar triangle and orbital plates brown microtomentose, lunule brown, basoflagellomere black, face greyish microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum densely brown microtomentose, scutellum and pleuron same except for small shiny spots on an- and katepisternum, wing hyaline, veins brown, brown spot at apex of vein R 1 absent, calypter brown, halter black, legs black except for yellow basitarsi, fore and hind tarsus with yellow brush; abdomen with T 2 brown microtomentose except for silvery lateral sides, T 3 – 5 silvery microtomentose except for brown microtomentose posteromedial margin of T 3 and subshiny tip of T 5. Female coloration and vestiture: halter black, abdomen with T 2 – 5 brown microtomentose. Head: frons with 2 + 0.5 orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta very slightly medioreclinate. In males frons 2.2 x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 5.0 x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista short, about as long as base of arista wide, posterior eye margin with slight notch (4 om) and emargination (3 om). Female posterior eye margin with slight notch (4 om) and emargination (2 om). Thorax: 2 dc, 2 prsc, 1 pprn, 1 prs, 1 + 0.7 keps setae, posterior prsc about as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc absent. Wing with veins R 4 + 5 and M weakly convergent (1.5); M-ratio is 2.3. Fore femur normal setulose, tibial organ absent. Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T 1 into T 2 very weak. Tergal chaetotaxy: T 2 anterolateral corner with 2 – 3 lines of setae, T 2 – 5 bare except for setulose tip of T 5. S 5 1.5 x as long as wide, 1.3 x as long and 4.6 x as wide as S 4, roughly triangular with posterior margin indented, scarce setulose except for strong setulose at posterior margin (Pl. 18 H). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus longer than epandrial setae, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.7 x as long as epandrium high, bent posteriorly, dilated apically (2.1 x), 5.3 x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface with two fine setulae at posterior margin (Pl. 18 B, E). Special characters: silvery microtomentum long. Holotype, ♂: COSTA RICA. Cartago: La Suiza (9 ° 51 ' 0 " N 83 ° 37 '. 12 " W), Schild (USNM, 3217346), in good condition but with some dust. Paratypes, same data as HT (♂ USNM, 3217347); COSTA RICA. Turrialba (9 ° 54 ' 0 " N 83 ° 40 ' 59.88 " W), 1 – 30. xi. 1922, Schild (2 ♂ BMNH, USNM, 3217348 – 9); PANAMA. Panama: Summit (9 ° 4 '. 12 " N 79 ° 39 ' 0 " W), 1 – 31. x. 1946, Krauss (♂ USNM, 3217353). Material of questionable identity: COSTA RICA. Cartago: La Suiza (9 ° 51 ' 0 " N 83 ° 37 '. 12 " W), 1 – 30. iv. 1922, Schild (♀ USNM, 3217351); Turrialba (9 ° 54 ' 0 " N 83 ° 40 ' 59.88 " W), 1 – 30. xi. 1922, Schild (♀ USNM, 3217350). Distribution: Costa Rica, Panama. Remarks. It is possible that Milichiella turrialbae is just a variety of M. nudiventris because it differs only in the partly brown microtomentose male T 2 – 3. Etymology. The species name, turrialbae, is derived from the type locality.	en	Brake, Irina (2009): Revision of Milichiella Giglio-Tos (Diptera, Milichiidae) 2188. Zootaxa 2188 (1): 1-166, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2188.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2188.1.1
03AB0903FFD8FFB5FF5A67FEBED8FC29.taxon	distribution	Distribution. El Salvador south to Bolivia and Brazil (Mato Grosso) Milichiella boliviana Brake, sp. n. (Pl. 19 B, F) Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of a finely sculptured frons and mesonotum as well as shiny black male T 1 – 5 except for silvery microtomentose paired small spots close to abdominal triangle on T 2, and narrow anterior margins of T 3 – 5. Description. Body length: 2.5 mm; wing length: 2.7 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons shiny black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates shiny black, sculptured on anterior 3 / 5, lunule black, basoflagellomere black, face black microtomentose, palpus black, basomedially yellow; thorax with mesonotum subshiny black, scutellum and pleuron same, wing hyaline, veins yellow, brown spot at apex of vein R 1 present, calypter brown or hyaline with brown margin and brown hairs, halter black, legs black except for yellow basitarsi, fore tibia appears yellow ventroapically due to brush of yellowish setae; abdomen with T 1 – 5 shiny black except for silvery microtomentose paired small spots close to abdominal triangle on T 2, and narrow anterior margins of T 3 – 5. Head: frons with 1 (middle) orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 3.0 x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 7.0 x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with notch (4 om) and emargination (2 om). Thorax: 1 dc, 0 prsc, 1 pprn, 1 prs, 2 keps setae, posterior prsc less than 0.8 x as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc absent. Wing with veins R 4 + 5 and M convergent (~ 2.4); M-ratio is 2.0. Fore femur normal setulose, tibial organ present. Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T 1 into T 2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T 2 anterolateral corner with single line of setae, T 2 – 5 black parts with some fine setulae. S 5 same as M. poecilogastra (see Pl. 19 D). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus slightly longer than epandrial setae, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.5 x as long as epandrium high, dilated posteroapically (1.3 x), with apical edentation, 0.9 x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface without setulae (Pl. 19 B, F). Special characters: proboscis elongated with labellum 2.2 x as long as palpus and about as long as vertical eye diameter, female with long lunule, ventral tip of lunule reaching distal half of basoflagellomere (male: tip of lunule reaches middle of pedicel), frons and mesonotum finely sculptured. Holotype, ♂: BOLIVIA. Santa Cruz: Noel Kempff Mercado National Park, Los Fierros (14 ° 33 ' 30 '' S, 60 ° 55 ' 54 '' W), 20 – 30. i. 1997, Gill & Forsyth (DEBU, 3218315; debu 00256320), in suboptimal condition, fore legs missing, mesonotum slightly indented, abdomen dissected. Paratype: BOLIVIA. La Paz: Mapiri, San Carlos (15 ° 0 ' 0 '' S 68 ° 0 ' 0 '' W), 1 – 31. i. 1903, Schnuse (♂ SMTD, 3219185). Material of questionable identity: BOLIVIA. Santa Cruz: Noel Kempff Mercado National Park, Los Fierros (14 ° 33 ' 30 '' S, 60 ° 55 ' 54 '' W), 20 – 30. i. 1997, Gill & Forsyth (♀ DEBU, 3218316). Distribution. Bolivia. Etymology. The species name, boliviana, is an adjective derived from the type locality. Remarks. The female which might be conspecific with Milichiella boliviana is characterized by a black halter and abdomen with T 2 – 5 shiny black except for brown microtomentose narrow anterior margins Pl. 19: A – C. Male genitalia, lateral view. A. Milichiella poecilogastra; B. M. boliviana, HT; C. M. metallica. D – E M. poecilogastra. D. Male sternite 4 – 5; E. Surstylus. F. M. boliviana, HT, surstylus. G. M. metallica, male sternite 4 – 5. Scale bar: 0.1. Milichiella maculatiradii Brake, sp. n. (Pl. 30 B, E) Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of brown microtomentose male abdomen except for shiny posterolateral corners and brown spot on R 1. Description. Body length: 2.3 mm; wing length: 2.1 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons shiny black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates shiny black, lunule brown, basoflagellomere black, face black microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum subshiny black, scutellum and pleuron shiny, wing hyaline, veins brown, brown spot at apex of vein R 1 present, calypter hyaline with brown margin and brown hairs, halter black, legs black except for yellow tips of mid and hind tibia and tarsi; abdomen with T 2 – 4 brown microtomentose except for shiny posterolateral corners, T 5 shiny except for brown microtomentose anterior margin. Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 2.2 x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 4.0 x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with slight notch (2 om) and slight emargination (1 om). Thorax: 1 dc, 1 prsc, 1 pprn, 1 prs, 2 keps setae, posterior prsc less than 0.8 x as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc absent. Wing with veins R 4 + 5 and M convergent (2.0); M-ratio is 2.7. Fore femur normal setulose, tibial organ present. Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T 1 into T 2 weak. Tergal chaetotaxy: T 2 anterolateral corner with 2 – 3 lines of setae, T 2 – 5 setulose. S 5 ~ 1.5 x as long as wide, ~ 1.4 x as long and 1.2 x as wide as S 4, setulose, thinner setulae at posterior margin (Pl. 30 E). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus shorter than longest epandrial setae, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 1.5 x as long as epandrium high, dilated apically (1.7 x), 8.8 x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface without setulae, some longer sensilla on distal half (Pl. 30 B). Special characters: labellum 1.5 x as long as palpus. Holotype, ♂: BOLIVIA. Santa Cruz: Noel Kempff Mercado National Park, Los Fierros (14 ° 33 ' 30 " S, 60 ° 55 ' 54 " W), 20 – 30. i. 1997, Gill & Forsyth (DEBU, 3217691; debu 00256247), in good condition. Paratype, same data as HT (♂ DEBU, 3217692). Material of questionable identity: PANAMA. Panama: Barro Colorado I. (9 ° 9 ' 0 " N 79 ° 51 ' 0 " W), 13. viii. 1946, Krauss (♀ USNM, 3218626); PERU. Loreto: Iquitos (3 ° 46 '. 12 " S 73 ° 15 ' 0 " W), 1. iii. – 30. iv. 1931, Shannon (1 ♂ 1 ♀ USNM, 3218639 – 40). Distribution. Bolivia,? Panama,? Peru. Etymology. The species name, maculatiradii, is derived from maculatus = spotted, referring to the brown spot on the radial vein. Remarks. A specimen from Peru has a narrower distal tip to the surstylus. Milichiella metallica Brake, sp. n. (Pl. 19 C, G) Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the metallic blue green sheen of the male mesonotum. Description. Body length: 2.1 mm; wing length: 2.0 mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons subshiny black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates shiny black, lunule brown, basoflagellomere black, face brown microtomentose, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum shiny black with metallic blue green sheen, scutellum and pleuron shiny, wing hyaline, veins brown, brown spot at apex of vein R 1 absent, calypter hyaline with brown margin, halter black, legs black except for yellow tips of tibiae and tarsi; abdomen with T 1 – 5 shiny black. Female coloration and vestiture: thorax with mesonotum shiny black without metallic blue green sheen, scutellum and pleuron shiny, halter black, abdomen with T 2 – 5 shiny black except for brown microtomentose narrow anterior margins. Head: frons with 2 orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta medioclinate. In males frons 2.4 x as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about 4.9 x as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista very short, posterior eye margin with slight notch (2 om) and slight emargination (1 om). Thorax: 1 dc, 1 prsc, 1 pprn, 1 prs, 2 keps setae, posterior prsc less than 0.8 x as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc absent. Wing with veins R 4 + 5 and M weakly convergent (1.6); M-ratio is 2.6. Fore femur normal setulose, tibial organ present. Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T 1 into T 2 absent. Tergal chaetotaxy: T 2 anterolateral corner with single line of setae, T 2 – 4 with one scarce row of setulae at posterior margin. S 5 1.3 x as long as wide, 1.4 x as long and 1.5 x as wide as S 4, posterior margin indented, setulose (Pl. 19 G). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus longer than epandrial setae, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.3 x as long as epandrium high, very slightly dilated apically (1.1 x), 1.3 x as long as wide, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface without setulae (Pl. 19 C). Special characters: ocellar triangle large, labellum 1.4 x as long as palpus, mesonotum slightly sculptured posteromedially in both sexes. Holotype, ♂: BOLIVIA. Santa Cruz: Noel Kempff Mercado National Park, Los Fierros (14 ° 33 ' 30 " S, 60 ° 55 ' 54 " W), 20 – 30. i. 1997, Gill & Forsyth (DEBU, 3217688; debu 00256177), in good condition. Paratypes, same data as HT (7 ♂ DEBU, 3217682 – 7, 3217689). Additional material examined: BOLIVIA. Santa Cruz: Noel Kempff Mercado National Park, Los Fierros (14 ° 33 ' 30 " S, 60 ° 55 ' 54 " W), 20 – 30. i. 1997, Gill & Forsyth (♀ DEBU, 3217690). Distribution. Bolivia. Etymology. The species name, metallica, is an adjective and refers to the blue green sheen of the mesonotum.	en	Brake, Irina (2009): Revision of Milichiella Giglio-Tos (Diptera, Milichiidae) 2188. Zootaxa 2188 (1): 1-166, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2188.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2188.1.1
03AB0903FFD8FFB5FF5A67FEBED8FC29.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Differs from congeners in the combination of a finely sculptured frons and mesonotum as well as shiny black male T 1 – 2 and T 5 except for silvery microtomentose subanterior band and posterolateral margin of T 2 and anterior margin of T 5; T 3 – 4 silvery microtomentose except for row of black dots at hind margin. Description. Body length: 3.0 mm without head (var.: 2.9 – 3.7); wing length: 3.2 (var.: 2.7 – 2.9) mm. Male coloration and vestiture: frons shiny black, ocellar triangle and orbital plates shiny black, lunule brown, basoflagellomere black (var.: basomedially yellow), face black, palpus black; thorax with mesonotum subshiny black, scutellum and pleuron same except for shiny spots on an- and katepisternum, wing hyaline, veins yellow, brown spot at apex of vein R 1 present, calypter brown with brown margin and brown hairs, halter black, legs black except for orange basitarsi; abdomen with T 1 – 2 and T 5 shiny black except for silvery microtomentose subanterior band and posterolateral margin of T 2 and anterior margin of T 5; T 3 – 4 silvery microtomentose except for row of black dots at hind margin. Female coloration and vestiture: calypter hyaline with brown margin and brown hairs, halter black, abdomen with T 2 – 5 shiny to subshiny black. Head: frons with 2 + 1 (var.: 1) orbital and 2 frontal setae, anterior frontal seta? (var.: slightly medioreclinate). In males frons? x (var.: 2.9 x) as wide at posterior margin than at base of antenna, arista about? x (var.: 5.8 x) as long as basoflagellomere width, pubescence on arista? (var.: very short), posterior eye margin with emargination (var.: notch (4 om) and emargination (2 om )). Female posterior eye margin with notch (4 om) and emargination (2 – 3 om). Thorax: 1 dc, 0 prsc, 1 pprn, 1 prs, 2 keps setae, posterior prsc less than 0.8 x as long as posterior dc, seta between posterior prsc and posterior dc absent. Wing with veins R 4 + 5 and M convergent (2.8 – 3.1); M-ratio is 1.9. Fore femur normal setulose, tibial organ present. Male abdomen: posteromedial triangular projection of T 1 into T 2 present. Tergal chaetotaxy: T 2 anterolateral corner with more than 3 lines of setae, T 2 – 5 black parts with some fine setulae, some longer setulae at tip of T 5. S 5 0.8 x as long as wide, 1.5 x as long and 1.9 x as wide as S 4, posterior margin only slightly indented, setulose with short setae and longer setae along posterior margin (Pl. 19 D). Male genitalia with apical seta on cercus not longer than epandrial setae, 1 seta on subepandrial plate, surstylus 0.5 x as long as epandrium high, dilated apically (1.4 x), very broad, 1.3 x as long as wide, with posteroapical indentation, structure of lateral surface smooth, medial surface without setulae (Pl. 19 A, E). Special characters: proboscis elongated with labellum 2.5 x as long as palpus and 1.2 x as long as vertical eye diameter, female with long lunule, ventral tip of lunule reaching distal half of basoflagellomere (var.: male tip of lunule reaches middle of pedicel), frons and mesonotum finely sculptured (var.: frons sculptured to a larger extent in females than in males), female hind leg slightly enlarged, wing plane nearly without microtrichia. Syntypes: PERU. Cusco: Rosalina, Urubamba river (12 ° 28 ' 59.88 " S 72 ° 43 ' 59.88 " W), 3. ix. 1903, Schnuse (♂ SMTD, 3219187), head and one wing missing. Pasco: Pichis, Puerto Bermudez (10 ° 16 ' 59.88 " S 74 ° 55 ' 59.88 " W), 11. xii. 1903, Schnuse (♀ SMTD, 3219186), head glued on, thorax broken, one wing missing. There is 1 male and 1 female syntype. The female was labeled as lectotype by A. L. Serra in 1991 and the male as paralectotype. However, this lectotype designation has not been published so far and is not valid. Milichiella poecilogastra var. (USNM unless otherwise indicated): BOLIVIA. La Paz: Tumupasa (14 ° 9 ' 0 " S 67 ° 55 '. 12 " W), Dec. 1921?, Mann (♀, 3218651); Santa Cruz: Noel Kempff Mercado National Park, Los Fierros (14 ° 33 ' 30 " S, 60 ° 55 ' 54 " W), 20 – 30. i. 1997, Gill & Forsyth (3 ♂ 15 ♀ DEBU, 3218297 – 314); BRA- ZIL. Amazonas: Benjamin Constant (4 ° 25 '. 12 " S 69 ° 58 ' 59.88 " W), 9. ix. 1989, Mesgersmith (♀, 3218649). Mato Grosso do Sul: Maracaju (21 ° 37 ' 59.88 " S 55 ° 9 ' 0 " W), 1 – 31. v. 1937, Servico Febre Amarela (♂, 3218645); COSTA RICA. San Jose: Farm La Caja (9 ° 58 '. 12 " N 84 ° 7 '. 12 " W), 07 / 25 / 19 ??, Schmidt (♂, 3218644), 1. i. – 31. xii. 1930 (♂, 3218643); ECUADOR. Napo: Puerto Orellana, Rio Tiputini (0 ° 38 ' 2 " S, 76 ° 8 ' 9 " W), 12 – 26. viii. 1999, Mathis et al. (1 ♂ 1 ♀, 3218646 – 7); EL SALVADOR. La Unión: Volcán Conchagua (13 ° 16 '. 12 " N 87 ° 49 ' 59.88 " W), 27 – 29. v. 1958, Cartwright (♀, 3218648); PANAMA. Chiriquií: David, 671 m (8 ° 25 ' 59.88 " N 82 ° 25 ' 59.88 " E), 24. vii. 1964, Broce (♂, 3218642); Panama: Barro Colorado I. (9 ° 9 ' 0 " N 79 ° 51 ' 0 " W), 10. vii. 1978, Woodley (♀, 3218650). Distribution. El Salvador south to Bolivia and Brazil (Mato Grosso). Remarks. All recently collected specimens of this species (Milichiella poecilogastra var.) have only 1 orbital seta, whereas the type specimens have 3 according to the original description. However, since the head of the male type is lost and the female has no setae left on the frons, this character cannot be verified. I refrain from describing a new species because the difference in the number of orbital setae is most likely just variation within the species.	en	Brake, Irina (2009): Revision of Milichiella Giglio-Tos (Diptera, Milichiidae) 2188. Zootaxa 2188 (1): 1-166, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2188.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2188.1.1
