taxonID	type	description	language	source
03AB3B5AFFA6FF9B0ED4FA56AA7B4E3D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. One pair of intracoelomic copulatory pouches / bulbs associated with a pair of external intraclitellar male genital pores. Number of described species / subspecies: 48. Distribution: Brazil (41), Argentina (6), Paraguay (4), Uruguay (4). In a few cases (5) species have been found in more than one country (Fragoso & Brown, 2007). The truncatus group, was created by Cordero (1943) and named after the first described species in the Glossoscolex subgenus that has intraclitellar male pores in or before segment 17, i. e., Glossoscolex truncatus (Rosa, 1895). The species group includes 29 species / subspecies (including the ones described here), distributed from S „ o Paulo state in Brazil to Buenos Aires province in Argentina.	en	Feijoo-Martínez, Alexander, Brown, George G. (2023): Three new Glossoscolex (Annelida: Crassiclitellata: Glossoscolecidae) in the truncatus group from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Zootaxa 5255 (1): 220-234, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.21, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.21
03AB3B5AFFA6FF9B0ED4FB86ACC54CED.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Glossoscolex (Glossoscolex) giganteus Leuckart, 1836 (in Oken 1836)	en	Feijoo-Martínez, Alexander, Brown, George G. (2023): Three new Glossoscolex (Annelida: Crassiclitellata: Glossoscolecidae) in the truncatus group from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Zootaxa 5255 (1): 220-234, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.21, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.21
03AB3B5AFFA6FF9B0ED4FB86ACC54CED.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Setae in 8 longitudinal lines. One pair of male pores. One pair of calciferous glands in segment 11 or 12 with composite-tubular structure. Sexual system metandric and metagynic; seminal vesicles in general long; a pair of copulatory bulbs connecting sperm ducts and the external male genital pores; spermathecae absent. Number of described species / subspecies: 58 (including the ones in the present paper). Distribution (No. species / subspecies): Brazil (48), Argentina (6), Paraguay (4), Uruguay (4) (updated from Feijoo & Brown 2018). In a few cases (5) species have been found in more than one country (Fragoso & Brown 2007).	en	Feijoo-Martínez, Alexander, Brown, George G. (2023): Three new Glossoscolex (Annelida: Crassiclitellata: Glossoscolecidae) in the truncatus group from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Zootaxa 5255 (1): 220-234, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.21, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.21
03AB3B5AFFA7FF9D0ED4FF2EAB3A4830.taxon	description	(Figs. 1)	en	Feijoo-Martínez, Alexander, Brown, George G. (2023): Three new Glossoscolex (Annelida: Crassiclitellata: Glossoscolecidae) in the truncatus group from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Zootaxa 5255 (1): 220-234, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.21, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.21
03AB3B5AFFA7FF9D0ED4FF2EAB3A4830.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name of the species is given for Araucaria angustifolia, the dominant tree species of the type of vegetation in the habitat at the type locality.	en	Feijoo-Martínez, Alexander, Brown, George G. (2023): Three new Glossoscolex (Annelida: Crassiclitellata: Glossoscolecidae) in the truncatus group from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Zootaxa 5255 (1): 220-234, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.21, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.21
03AB3B5AFFA7FF9D0ED4FF2EAB3A4830.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. BRSC 0024, one adult found in surface soil (0 - 20 cm depth) in an Araucaria angustifolia tree plantation at the Três Barras National Forest, State of Santa Catarina, Brazil; 26.23353 ° S, 50.29291 ° W, 812 masl, 18 January, 2012, Priscila M. da Fonseca, coll. Paratype. BRSC 0025, one adult in two pieces, same collection data as holotype. Other material examined. BRSC 0042, two adults, one of them fragmented (only anterior segments, cut off after clitellum) in surface soil (0 - 20 cm depth) of native Araucaria forest (mixed ombrophilous forest) at the Três Barras National Forest, State of Santa Catarina, Brazil; 26.21908 ° S, 50.30366 ° W, 812 masl, 18 January, 2012, Priscila M. da Fonseca, coll.	en	Feijoo-Martínez, Alexander, Brown, George G. (2023): Three new Glossoscolex (Annelida: Crassiclitellata: Glossoscolecidae) in the truncatus group from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Zootaxa 5255 (1): 220-234, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.21, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.21
03AB3B5AFFA7FF9D0ED4FF2EAB3A4830.taxon	description	Description. Endogeic species with cylindrical body, lacking pigmentation. Holotype: length 117.1 mm, diameter 1.6 mm in preclitellar region, 2.0 mm at clitellum, 1.9 mm in postclitellar region. Number of segments 305. Paratype: 139 mm long, with diameter 2.0 mm (segment 10), 1.6 mm (segment 21) and 1.8 mm (segment 40). Number of segments 262 (175 in piece with clitellum and 87 in piece with posterior region). The first segment is invaginated. Prolobic prostomium. Setae lumbricine, closely paired, setae a, b visible from segment 12, and c, d from 27. Setal ratio in segment 40: aa: ab: bc: cd: dd = 10: 1: 1.5: 0.5: 10. The annular-shaped clitellum lies in segments 15 – 23, 24 (= 9, 10), with tubercula pubertatis absent (Fig. 1 A). Male pores in segment 17 are at the tip of a genital tumescence with the shape of volcanic crater (Fig. 1 A). Female pores are in segment 14, pre-setal, below nephropore and aligned close to setae b. The nephropores are above the setae b. Internal anatomy. The anterior septa of the segments 6 / 7 – 10 / 11 are thin, conical and interpenetrated but thicker than the rest in the posterior region. Elongated and muscular gizzard in segment 6. One pair calciferous glands with round shape and composite tubular structure [(= Kompositenschlauchtaschen, see Michaelsen (1918: 50)] in segment 12 (Fig. 1 B). Oesophagus – intestine transition begins in segment 15 and the typhlosole starts in segment 16. Intestinal caeca absent. Five pairs of hearts in segments 7 – 11. One pair of holonephridia per segment. Ovaries and ovarian funnels in segment 13. One pair of seminal vesicles beginning in segment 12 and extending to segment 93. Male sexual system metandric, testes and funnels in single mid-ventral subesophageal sac in 11; with vas deferens beginning in segment 11 and extending backwards above a, b setae, penetrating the copulatory chambers in segment 17, and exiting at the male pore in segment 17. Copulatory chambers, bean shaped, present in segments 17 – 18 (Fig. 1 B).	en	Feijoo-Martínez, Alexander, Brown, George G. (2023): Three new Glossoscolex (Annelida: Crassiclitellata: Glossoscolecidae) in the truncatus group from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Zootaxa 5255 (1): 220-234, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.21, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.21
03AB3B5AFFA7FF9D0ED4FF2EAB3A4830.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Glossoscolex (G.) araucariaensis sp. nov. is close to G. (G.) mariarum Bartz & James, 2012 (Lupionópolis, Paraná, Brazil), G. (G.) terraopimus Bartz & James, 2012 (Ortigueira, Paraná, Brazil) by the presence and position of annular clitellum and lack of tubercula pubertatis, but is separated by the shape and position of the copulatory pouches [G. (G.) mariarum: fusiform, 1 / 3 15 - 19; G. (G.) terraopimus: reniform, 15 - 1 / 2 18] vs. bean shaped, present in segments 17 – 18, as well as the setal distances.	en	Feijoo-Martínez, Alexander, Brown, George G. (2023): Three new Glossoscolex (Annelida: Crassiclitellata: Glossoscolecidae) in the truncatus group from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Zootaxa 5255 (1): 220-234, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.21, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.21
03AB3B5AFFA0FF9C0ED4FE2BA8B74815.taxon	description	(Figs. 2)	en	Feijoo-Martínez, Alexander, Brown, George G. (2023): Three new Glossoscolex (Annelida: Crassiclitellata: Glossoscolecidae) in the truncatus group from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Zootaxa 5255 (1): 220-234, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.21, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.21
03AB3B5AFFA0FF9C0ED4FE2BA8B74815.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name of the species is given in honor of Guilherme Cardoso, for his contributions to earthworm collections in the Caratuva Massif, where 13 new earthworm species were collected (Cardoso et al., 2014).	en	Feijoo-Martínez, Alexander, Brown, George G. (2023): Three new Glossoscolex (Annelida: Crassiclitellata: Glossoscolecidae) in the truncatus group from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Zootaxa 5255 (1): 220-234, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.21, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.21
03AB3B5AFFA0FF9C0ED4FE2BA8B74815.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. BRPR 1849, one adult collected from the surface soil layer (0 - 20 cm depth), 20 April, 2012, Pico Paraná State Park, Campina Grande do Sul, Paraná state, Brazil; 25.236378 ° S, 48.839709 ° W, V. Tedeschi, A. Feijoo, G. G. Brown, and G. Cardoso, colls. Paratype. MZUSP 5358 (formerly BRPR 1848), one adult, same collection data as holotype. Other material examined. BRPR 0439, one adult and BRPR 0437, 4 adults without posterior ends, 7 juveniles (4 without posterior ends), same collection data as holotype. BRPR 1019, three juveniles collected from the surface soil layer (0 - 20 cm depth), 14 December, 2011, Pico Paraná State Park, Campina Grande do Sul, Paraná state, Brazil; 25.23646 ° S, 48.84003 ° W, H. Nadolny, G. G. Brown, W. Maschio, L. Clasen, V. Tedeschi and G. Cardoso, colls. BRPRDNA 0005, one adult and BRPRDNA 0040, one adult without posterior end, collected from the surface soil layer (0 - 20 cm depth), 05 July, 2012, Pico Paraná State Park, Campina Grande do Sul, Paraná state, Brazil; 25.23762 ° S, 48.83823 ° W, Lina Clasen, M. Vencatto, G. G. Brown, H. Nadolny and G. Cardoso, colls. BRPRD- NA 0108, one sub-adult, collected from the surface soil layer (0 - 20 cm depth), 09 March, 2012, Pico Paraná State Park, Campina Grande do Sul, Paraná state, Brazil; 25.23646 ° S, 48.84003 ° W, G. Brown, G. Cardoso, L. Clasen, V. Tedeschi, I. Lange, colls.	en	Feijoo-Martínez, Alexander, Brown, George G. (2023): Three new Glossoscolex (Annelida: Crassiclitellata: Glossoscolecidae) in the truncatus group from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Zootaxa 5255 (1): 220-234, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.21, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.21
03AB3B5AFFA0FF9C0ED4FE2BA8B74815.taxon	description	Description. Endogeic species with cylindrical body, lacking pigmentation. Holotype: length of preserved holotype 237 mm, diameter 3.5 mm in the preclitellar region, 5.6 mm in the clitellum, and 4.8 mm in the postclitellar region. Number of segments: 363. Paratype: length 192 mm long and widths of 4.4 mm (segment 10), 4.6 mm (segment 20) and 4.6 mm (segment 38). Number of segments: 314. Prolobic prostomium (Fig. 2 A) with first segment invaginated. Eight rows of closely paired setae with a, b visible from segment 23, and c, d from 26. Setae ratio in segment 40: aa: ab: bc: cd: dd = 15.3: 1: 3.3: 0.8: 14.7. Segments 6, 7, and 8 are biannular, while 9 - 14 are triannular. The saddle-shaped clitellum occupies 9 - 10 segments in 15 – 23,24 (in one indivual: BRPRDNA 0005), with tubercula pubertatis in segments 17 - 19 (= 3) (Fig. 2 B). The male pores are located in segment 17, within a groove in a small uplifted mound, and female pores are pre-setal in segment 14, in line with nephropores. In one specimen (BRPR 0439), the clitellum has one of the male pores displaced to segment 18 (Fig. 2 C). The nephropores are close to b setae line. Internal anatomy. Septa of segments 6 / 7 – 9 / 10 are thick, conical and interpenetrated. Round and thick gizzard in segment 6. A pair of oval calciferous glands are found in segment 12, with composite tubular structure (Kompositenschlauchtaschen), and lumen greatly irrigated with blood vessels that completely fill the interior spaces of the gland (Fig. 2 D). Oesophagus-intestine transition in segment 14 and typhlosole beginning in segment 14, consisting of three simple thick and short blades (Fig. 2 E). Intestinal caeca absent. Five pairs of lateral-oesphageal hearts in segments 7 – 11. One pair of holonephridia per segment. Ovaries and ovarian funnels in segment 13. One pair of seminal vesicles restricted to segment 12. Male sexual system metandric, testes and funnels in single midventral subesophageal sac in segment 11, with vas deferens beginning in segment 11, extending backwards, penetrating the copulatory chambers and exiting at the male pore in segment 17. Bean-shaped copulatory chamber in segment 17 (except in the specimen BRPR 0439, where one is in 17 and the other in segment 18, following the male pore position displacement; Fig. 2 C, F). Cocoons. The cocoons are oblong and have a long strand on one side and a smaller strand on the other (cocoon on right in Fig. 2 G), and give rise to a single individual (Fig. 2 H).	en	Feijoo-Martínez, Alexander, Brown, George G. (2023): Three new Glossoscolex (Annelida: Crassiclitellata: Glossoscolecidae) in the truncatus group from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Zootaxa 5255 (1): 220-234, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.21, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.21
03AB3B5AFFA0FF9C0ED4FE2BA8B74815.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Glossoscolex (G.) cardosoi sp. nov. is close to G. (G.) riograndensis Bartz & James, 2018 (Rosário do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil) and G. (G.) riograndensis pollulus Bartz & James, 2018 (Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil) by the presence of a saddle-shaped clitellum, male pores in 17, but is separated by the presence of tubercula pubertatis, seminal vesicles restricted to segment 12 and the position and shape of the copulatory pouches, as well as the setal distances. In the truncatus group, only two other species have triple typhlosole like G. (G.) cardosoi: G. pastivus Bartz & James, 2018 and G. pampas Bartz & James, 2018, both from Rio Grande do Sul. Adult individuals are generally over 20 cm long in the field, but preserved individuals measure from 150 to 240 mm (Fig. 2 I).	en	Feijoo-Martínez, Alexander, Brown, George G. (2023): Three new Glossoscolex (Annelida: Crassiclitellata: Glossoscolecidae) in the truncatus group from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Zootaxa 5255 (1): 220-234, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.21, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.21
03AB3B5AFFA2FF910ED4F980AB374B11.taxon	description	(Figs. 3)	en	Feijoo-Martínez, Alexander, Brown, George G. (2023): Three new Glossoscolex (Annelida: Crassiclitellata: Glossoscolecidae) in the truncatus group from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Zootaxa 5255 (1): 220-234, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.21, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.21
03AB3B5AFFA2FF910ED4F980AB374B11.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name of species derives from the name of the type locality, the “ Fazenda Santa Rosa ”, located in Assistência District, near Rio Claro, S „ o Paulo.	en	Feijoo-Martínez, Alexander, Brown, George G. (2023): Three new Glossoscolex (Annelida: Crassiclitellata: Glossoscolecidae) in the truncatus group from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Zootaxa 5255 (1): 220-234, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.21, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.21
03AB3B5AFFA2FF910ED4F980AB374B11.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. BRSP 0078, one adult in topsoil (0 - 20 cm depth) of a lowland cattle pasture, 02 February, 2006, Fazenda Santa Rosa, Assistência District, Rio Claro, S „ o Paulo State, Brazil; 22.509853 ° S, 47.611472 ° W, S. W. James, G. G. Brown, S. K. Davidson, N. Pinel, T. Decaëns, D. Baretta, J. M. Pereira, colls. Paratypes. BRSP 0166, 1 adult, same collection data as holotype. MZUSP 5359, 1 adult, same site as holotype, 11 March, 2005, S. W. James, G. G. Brown, colls. Other material examined. BRSP 0160, three adults, same collection data as holotype. BRSP 0126, three adults without posterior segments, 22 May, 2012, same site as holotype, G. Brown, A. Feijoo, and H. Drake, colls. BRSP 0157, three adults, nine sub-adults, same site as holotype, 11 March, 2005, S. W. James, G. G. Brown, colls. BRSP 0948, two adults, one missing anterior portion and severed at the clitellum and the other lacking caudal portion (severed at 70 segments after clitellum), and two amputated juveniles, same site as holotype, 11 March, 2005, S. W. James, G. G. Brown, colls. BRSP 0949, three adults, seven subadults (one amputated in anterior portion, two in posterior portion), same data as holotype.	en	Feijoo-Martínez, Alexander, Brown, George G. (2023): Three new Glossoscolex (Annelida: Crassiclitellata: Glossoscolecidae) in the truncatus group from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Zootaxa 5255 (1): 220-234, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.21, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.21
03AB3B5AFFA2FF910ED4F980AB374B11.taxon	description	Description. Endogeic species with cylindrical body, lacking pigmentation dorsally, except for the clitellar region which is reddish-pink (color no. 147 according to Séguy 1936) (Fig. 3 A). Some individuals presented orangish color ventrally (color no. 205 according to Séguy 1936). Holotype: length of preserved holotype 210.1 mm, diameter 4.6 mm in the preclitellar region, 5.2 mm in the clitellum, and 4.6 mm in the postclitellar region. Number of segments: 336. Paratype: length 170 mm long and widths of 5.4 mm (segment 10), 5.3 mm (segment 20) and 4.6 mm (segment 38). Number of segments: 279. Prolobic prostomium with first segment invaginated. Eight rows of closely paired setae with a, b visible from segment 7, and c, d from 8. Setae ratio in segment 40: aa: ab: bc: cd: dd = 16: 1: 4.3: 0.5: 18. The annular-shaped clitellum lies in segments 14 – 23 (= 10), tubercula pubertatis absent (Fig. 3 A). The male pores are located in segment 17 and female pores intraclitellar and pre-setal in segment 14, aligned with and close to b setae. The nephropores are close to b setae. Internal anatomy. Septa of segments 6 / 7 – 10 / 11 are thick, conical and interpenetrated. Gizzard with round shape in 6. One pair of calciferous glands in segment 12 (Fig. 3 B), circle shape, with composite tubular structure (Kompositenschlauchtaschen), and lumen greatly irrigated with blood vessels that completely fill the interior spaces of the gland. Oesophagus-intestine transition in segment 14 and typhlosole beginning in segment 14, with an S-shaped tightly folded dorsal lamina that occupies 2 / 3 of the intestinal lumen. At around segment 30, the lamina becomes less folded, and eventually just a slightly curved simple lamina. The first part of the intestine, includes organic particles such as litter mixed with seeds, soil and stones. Intestinal caeca absent. Five pairs of lateral-oesphageal hearts in segments 7 – 11. One pair of holonephridia per segment. Ovaries and ovarian funnels in segment 13. One pair of seminal vesicles beginning in segment 12 and extending to segment 94 (Fig. 3 B). Male sexual system metandric, testes and funnels in single midventral subesophageal sac in segment 11, with vas deferens beginning in segment 11, penetrating the copulatory chambers in segment 17 and exiting at the male pore in segment 17. Tubular-shaped copulatory chamber in segments 16 – 17 (Fig. 3 B). Cocoons. The cocoons (Fig. 3 C) are ovoid and have a long strand on one side, and give rise to a single small unpigmented individual (Cardoso 2016).	en	Feijoo-Martínez, Alexander, Brown, George G. (2023): Three new Glossoscolex (Annelida: Crassiclitellata: Glossoscolecidae) in the truncatus group from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Zootaxa 5255 (1): 220-234, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.21, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.21
03AB3B5AFFA2FF910ED4F980AB374B11.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Glossoscolex (G.) santarosaensis sp. nov. is close to G. (G.) araucariaenis sp. nov. G (G.) mariarum Bartz & James, 2012, and G. (G.) terraopimus Bartz & James, 2012 by the presence of annular clitellum, tubercula pubertatis absent, male pores in 17, but is separated by calciferous gland shape, the position and shape of the copulatory pouches, as well as the setal distances. Adult individuals are generally over 20 cm long in the field, but preserved individuals measure from 160 to 210 mm (Fig. 3 D).	en	Feijoo-Martínez, Alexander, Brown, George G. (2023): Three new Glossoscolex (Annelida: Crassiclitellata: Glossoscolecidae) in the truncatus group from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Zootaxa 5255 (1): 220-234, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.21, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.21
