taxonID	type	description	language	source
03A8B723552DFFB3FD6EE4AAFAC4C882.taxon	type_taxon	Type species Brachythele virgata Simon, 1891, by original designation.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B723552DFFB3FD6EE4AAFAC4C882.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnostic characters According to Zonstein et al. (2018: 5), Raveniola and Sinopesa share the presence of two (sometimes three) retroventral megaspines located sequentially on tibia I in males (a unique position among male nemesiids) and paired spermathecae in females, each two-branched (or with a lateral diverticulum); a maxillary serrula and preening combs are absent. Raveniola differs from Sinopesa chiefly by having a noticeably longer and denser leg scopula (vs a short and rare scopula in the latter genus), and a developed leg and carapace setation.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B723552DFFB3FD6EE4AAFAC4C882.taxon	description	General characteristics of Central Asian species It should be noted that no common characters shared only by Central Asian Raveniola spp., and distinguishing these species from all the Western and Eastern Asian congeners, were found. At the same time, in three Central Asian species groups based on R. caudata, R. concolor and R. diluta sp. nov., each of them possesses at least one unique group trait (see the corresponding group diagnoses). Regarding the remaining group based on R. virgata, the members differ from most other species but show some resemblance to several extra-regional congeners, viz. R. niedermeyeri and R. vonwicki from Iran, and R. hebeinica from China (Figs 444, 448, 459, 538, 540, 545, cf. Zhu et al. 1999: figs 1 – 10; Zonstein & Marusik 2012: fig. 39; Zonstein et al. 2018: figs 158, 164, 185, 197, 210 – 212). Morphological peculiarities of Central Asian Raveniola species HABITUS. The studied spiders are mostly small or medium-sized nemesiids with a carapace length of 3 – 12 mm. CEPHALOTHORAX. Carapace broadly oval and hirsute, with cephalic part slightly to noticeably higher than thoracic part. Male thoracic fovea very short, pit-like, T-shaped, or gently recurved. Female thoracic fovea short and narrow, nearly straight in most species, or very gently arched (procurved or recurved) in some species. Eye tubercle moderately elevated (better developed than in species from Western Asia). Chelicerae in some species with weak rastellum composed of spike-shaped setae. Maxillae generally with numerous cuspules confined to probasal edge; maxillary serrula absent, as in other Raveniola spp. STRUCTURES OF LEGS I – IV. Leg scopula varies from dense and moderately long to thin and short. Scopula distal on metatarsi I – II, generally entire on tarsi I and II, divided by setae or absent on tarsi III and IV; females also with usually entire scopula on palpal tarsus. Tarsi I – IV without spines. PTC I – IV biserially and densely dentate (females possess lesser dentate paired claws than conspecific males), unpaired claw small, curved and bare. MALE PALP. Tibia long, fairly slender and spinose. Cymbium with or without spines. Copulatory bulb inserted at apical part of cymbium. Embolus tapering or broadly tipped, with or without keels and ridges, varying in length from relatively short to long and slender. SPERMATHECAE. A pair of wide or narrow spermathecae, each with two distinct branches. In many species, the spermathecal base and the inner branch are poorly differentiated from each other and together they form a continuous spermathecal trunk. Long or short outer branch (lateral diverticulum) always distinct. SPINNERETS. Two pairs or one pair of spinnerets. PMS vary from medium-sized to very small, with or without functional spigots, or absent in some species. Apical segment of PLS ranges from triangular (most species) to digitiform or even elongate in some species.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B723552DFFB3FD6EE4AAFAC4C882.taxon	discussion	Species grouping To assist with identifications, the species treated here are assigned to four species groups, according chiefly to the structure of the spinnerets and the male and female copulatory organs. These assignments are preliminary, because males and females in some species are unknown and they are not based on a phylogenetic grouping, though some of the groups may indeed reflect phylogenetic relationships.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B723552DFFB3FD6EE4AAFAC4C882.taxon	distribution	Distribution and ecology Within Central Asia, representatives of Raveniola are distributed from the western part of Kopetdagh (Turkmenistan) in the west, through the Badkhyz Plateau and Hindu-Koh Mts (passing and skirting the desert plains of the huge Turan Depression), to southeastern Kazakhstan in the north-east and to Ladakh (northwestern India) in the south-east (see Fig. 747). Due to the greater diversity of Central Asian landscapes, compared to Western Asian ones, there is a wider range of inhabited biotopes (including semi-deserts and highlands) and of the corresponding ecological strategies and adaptations. Like Western Asian congeners, most Central Asian Raveniola spp. use natural retreats (usually cavities under rocks or abandoned burrows of other animals) to build primitive burrow-like dwellings, sparsely covered with silk. However, some species inhabiting lowland arid bioms or, conversely, highland biotopes, are found to be true bothrobiont spiders digging deep open burrows with silk lining or without it.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B723552DFFB3FD6EE4AAFAC4C882.taxon	distribution	Data on natural history	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B723552DFFB3FD6EE4AAFAC4C882.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitats Depending on the altitude, prevailing landscape, precipitation regime and thermal conditions, all inhabited biotopes can be conditionally divided into three main zonal types. The first of these includes a harsh and periodically dry zone of foothills and low mountain ridges limited by lower and upper boundaries at altitudes of 450 – 500 m and 1000 – 1500 m, respectively. These biotopes are located mostly on loess substrate, on slopes covered with different types of xerophilic drought-resistant vegetation: from ephemeral semi-deserts to dense shrubland and sparse woodland composed of low sclerophyll trees (Figs 619 – 626, 715). Similar to the Western Asian species of Raveniola, a higher level of species diversity in Central Asian congeners occurs in the most moist, mild and favorable midland-mountain forest zone (hosting 18 of the 29 regional species). However, compared with the western part of Asia, both the lower and the upper borders of this zone in the central part of the continent are at a higher altitude (which can be explained by the present-day continental climate of the region). Depending on the specific subregion, this zone can comprise a single and continuous area (as for example in southern Kyrgyzstan; Figs 720 – 721, 731), or it can represent a mozaic of more or less isolated fragments (like those in Tajikistan and southern Uzbekistan, shown in Figs 631 – 632, 699 – 700, 708). Within Central Asia, the lower boundary of this zone is at an altitude of at least 750 m (in the western Kopetdagh Mts), but usually 1000 – 1500 m a. s. l.; the corresponding upper limit is confined to 2000 – 2300 m a. s. l. Finally, the third group of biotopes is represented by highland landscapes, with juniper and coniferous forests, subalpine and alpine meadows and meadow-steppes on the rocky slopes (Figs 627 – 628, 651 – 654, 677 – 679, 682, 717 – 718, 722, 738). The lower edge of this zone is located at an altitude 2000 – 2300 m a. s. l. The highest altitudinal record for Central Asian Raveniola spp. is registered in this zone at an altitude of 3400 – 3700 m in Darvaz Mts, Tajikistan (Andreeva 1975; 1976; under Brachythele sp.). Burrows and retreats Sampling and direct observations on the ecology of Central Asian Raveniola spp. in the natural environment have shown that the majority of species do not dig their own burrows. Rather, these spiders exploit different natural refuges to hide themselves. In most cases, such refuges comprise cavities and hollows in the soil under stones, where the spiders thinly and scarcely line the bottom and walls with silk (Figs 635 – 642, 647 – 650, 683 – 698, 705 – 706, 733 – 734). Several species, e. g., Raveniola cucullata sp. nov., are able to further deepen less suitable refuges (Figs 633 – 634). In contrast, some adult females belonging to R. mikhailovi, R. nenilini sp. nov., R. virgata and R. vulpina sp. nov., when inhabiting moist slopes that are devoid of suitable stones and logs (as shown in Figs 724 – 726, 731 – 732), can settle using natural open depressions adjacent to tree trunks. The three species of the caudata group are mostly known from wandering males, which have occasionally been found under stones, used as temporary shelter during daytime. The only known female of Raveniola redikorzevi, however, as well as all the known juvenuiles of R. caudata and R. redikorzevi, were collected from abandoned burrows of gerbils (Rhombomys opimus (Lichtenstein, 1823), Meriones spp.) and tortoises (Agrionemys horsfieldii (Grey, 1844 )). Within the virgata species group, R. ovchinnikovi has also been found to hide deeply inside abandoned burrows of small vertebrate animals. Another uncommon econiche settled by the latter species is that of the natural deep crevices in outcrops of loess substrate. Finally, all hand-collected specimens of R. fedotovi were found inhabiting screes in woodlands under the tree canopy (Figs 708 – 710). Only a few Central Asian species of Raveniola are known to dig their own burrows. It is noteworthy that these burrowing species occurred closer to either the lower or the upper habitat limits of the Central Asian congeners, but are not found in the most favorable environments of the mid-mountain zone. The only species that inhabits the loess foothills of Western Tien Shan (Fig. 715), with their long dry summer period, is R. ferghanensis, known as a strictly obligate burrower. In contrast, the four highland members of the concolor group, R. afghana sp. nov., R. alajensis sp. nov., R. hirta, sp. nov. and R. karategensis sp. nov., which inhabit the subalpine juniper forests, subalpine and alpine meadows, and meadow-steppes at an altitude of 1900 – 3700 m, have also been collected exclusively from their burrows. Raveniola insolita sp. nov., known only from a single male, which was collected at an altitude of 3300 – 3400 m, can probably also be assigned to the members of the latter subgroup. Unlike the similarly unprotected holes dug and used by members of the obligate burrowing Central Asian genus Anemesia, the burrows of a few bothrobiont Raveniola spp. appear to be arranged more simply. Compared with the burrow structure found in Anemesia spp. (see Zonstein 2018 b: figs 330 – 367), these burrows are almost similarly deep (ca 30 – 40 cm in length), but are noticeably narrower in their median part and much more scarcely silk lined (except for the terminal living chamber, which is more densely lined). The open entrance mostly lacks the silk lining and resembles a hole used by other terrestrial arthropods (the bothrobiont coleopterans, e. g., Lethrus spp., or woodlice; see Figs 657, 716). Sometimes this entrance is partially camouflaged by the surrounding detritus or vegetation (Figs 655 – 656, 661). A more complex variant of an entrance arrangement was observed in R. karategensis sp. nov., in which the burrow mouth was visibly silk lined and provided with a low rim (Figs 659 – 665). The expanded living chamber always has a horizontal extension, as shown in Fig. 666. In all cases, no lateral chambers connecting the burrow shaft with the soil surface were observed. Phenology Data on the phenology of the congeners are sparse and based completely on fragmentary field observations. The collecting data indicate that in localities with a dry summer period the wandering adult Raveniola males occur in April – May (the most wet and favourable period). In some species inhabiting this type of biotope, a second appearance of wandering males, connected with the end of a dry period in October – November, can be observed (particularly, in R. cucullata sp. nov., R. ferghanensis, and R. kopetdaghensis). Several congeners, such as R. ignobilis sp. nov., R. subornata sp. nov. and R. ovchinnikovi sp. nov., are known as species with males collected only in October. In highland members of the genus, e. g., in R. alajensis sp. nov. and R. hirta sp. nov., the peak of their activity, including the presence of wandering adult males, unsurprisingly moves into the mid-summer (July). Males of the most mesophilic species, like R. virgata, within the humid areas (such as the midlands of the Ferghana Mts in the environs of Arslanbob, with summer rainfalls) can be almost evenly found from mid-April to late October. Females with egg sacs can be found in July (R. alajensis sp. nov., R. cucullata sp. nov., R. dolosa sp. nov., R. karategensis sp. nov., R. mikhailovi, R. pamira sp. nov., R. sororcula sp. nov. and R. tarabaevi sp. nov.), or in July and August (R. virgata, R. vulpina sp. nov.). The egg sac usually reaches 12 – 19 mm in diameter and contais 25 – 45 eggs. Feeding Some currently incomplete data, which nevertheless appear to fit the general trends, have been obtained for only two Central Asian species of the genus: Raveniola ferghanensis and R. virgata. These are only generalized data on the composition of the prey remains; no quantitative counts were made. The corresponding data for other regional congeners are fragmentary and not comparable to each other, and thus are not considered below. In Raveniola ferghanensis, a major part of the “ kitchen leftovers ” retrieved from the bottom of the investigated burrows was represented by the head capsules and other fragmented parts of foraging ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), including the wandering predatory foragers Catagliphus aenescens (Nylander, 1849), and the marching carpophagous ants Messor muticus (Nylander, 1849) and M. aralocaspius (Ruzsky, 1902). The minor part of the chitinous remains, observed as leftovers in most of the studied burrows, belonged to burrowing arthropods, which share these biotopes with R. ferghanensis: the xerophilic terrestrial woodlice Hemilepistus fedtschenkoi (Uljanin, 1874) (Isopoda, Agnaridae) and the colonial coleopterans Lethrus spp. (Coleoptera, Geotrupidae). The latter remains tended to belong to either L. sulcipennis Kraatz, 1883 or L. micronatus Semenov, 1894, or both sympatric species, which inhabit the same biotopes. Finally, some of the burrows contained remains of Madotrogus sp. aff. ferganensis (Protzenko, 1962) (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae), as well as of some other unidentified representatives of Coleoptera. Regarding Raveniola virgata, there are somewhat more complete data on the composition of their prey. Similar to the above, most of the prey remains were represented by a few ant species (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), but in this case by ants wandering through or nesting within the forest floor: Camponotus reichardti K. Arnoldi, 1967, Messor rufus Santschi, 1923 and Myrmica juglandeti K. Arnoldi, 1976. Most of the other collected and studied remains belonged to the following representatives of the Coleoptera: Carabidae: Chilotomus sp. aff. uzgentensis Shauberger, 1932, Eocarterus uzgentensis Heyden, 1884, Harpalus sp., Leistus sp. aff. ferganensis Semenov & Znojko, 1928, Poecilus sp., Pterostichus sp. aff. sodalicius Heyden, 1885, Trechus sp.; Curculionidae: Asiodonus sp., Polydrosus sp.; Elateridae: Selastomus sp.; Glaphyridae: Amphicoma sp.; Staphylinidae: Philonthus sp.; Tenebrionidae: Laena sp., Zophohelops tiro (Reitter, 1902). The remains of Ectobius delicatulus Bei-Bienko, 1950 (Blattoidea: Ectobiidae) were more frequent, while fragments of Hessebius plumatus Zalesskaya, 1978, Monotarsobium sp. (Chilopoda, Lithobiidae) and remnants of Dysdera sp. aff. arnoldii Charitonov, 1956 (Araneae, Dysderidae) were found in a few isolated cases. Mating Regarding Central Asian Raveniola spp., fairly satisfactory data are available only for representatives of R. virgata kept in captivity (for details see Zonstein 2002 c). The corresponding observations were carried out on October 20 – 22, 1992. To imitate the natural environment, observations were made at night, under dim lighting, in large cages for each pair, allowing greater mobility of males and females. Each female was placed in its cage one day before the male, enabling the females to find or to dig a refuge (which mostly resembled an open cavity between lumps of soil). After introducing a male into each cage, the sequence of events in most cases was as follows. Having discovered the entrance to the female’s refuge, the male began to tap with the tips of the palps on the substrate, demonstrating a short courtship stage. When the female appeared, within a few seconds the male made several pedalling movements with the palps (resembling the pedalling of a cyclist). The male then stretched forward its first pair of legs, moved towards the female and approached her (see Figs 739 – 741). This is followed by touching the female with the tips of the male’s legs I for 3 – 4 seconds (Fig. 742). Concurrently, the male’s legs II were also raised off the ground surface and began to vibrate, tapping the female’s legs. A few seconds later, the male used its megaspines to grab the trochanters or femora of the female’s palps, gripping them on their proventral side (Figs 743 – 744). The male then bent his first pair of legs at the tibiometatarsal joint and extended them upward. The male thereby closed the clamps, clasped the female’s palps, and lifted the female’s cephalothorax upward, so that the latter formed an angle with her abdomen, sometimes reaching almost 90 ° (Figs 745 – 746). The entire operation lasted no more than 2 – 5 seconds. Following attachment, one of the emboli entered the spermathecal openings. During each recorded phase of mating, the longest of them was the copulation process itself (from the initial insertion of the embolus into the copulatory organs of the female until its final removal). This stage is considered hereafter as the duration of copulation. All other stages – approach, initiation, coupling and uncoupling of the partners – took several seconds each. The data obtained from laboratory observations on the copulation behavior in 20 pairs of R. virgata indicate that the duration of a basic insertion / removal act in this species varies from 27 seconds to 13 min. and 20 sec., averaging 6 min. and 13.2 sec. Usually, the entire copulation process ended with this single act. However, in six pairs a continuation was observed, associated with a one-time change of the involved palp. Even more rarely (three observations), a quadruple insertion of the emboli was detected. In the latter case, the total duration of copulation, which averaged about 10 min. for the examined specimens, increased up to 14 – 19 minutes. During copulation, the male continued to move towards the female, turning her onto her dorsal side. Having completed copulation, the male removed the involved embolus. Then, pressing on the female palpal femora, the male knocked the female over, climbing over her before the female could roll back. According to a few observations of captive representatives of R. cucullata sp. nov., R. ferghanensis and R. nenilini sp. nov. (one, one, and two observed but not documented encounters, respectively), the courtship and copulation in these species occured in a similar way. In the natural environment, a copulating pair of R. virgata has incidentally been observed only once (see Zonstein 1987). In addition, this took place during the daytime, which was somewhat surprising, because such behavior cannot be considered characteristic for either nemesiids, or for mygalomorph spiders in general. Predators All known data on the predators interacting with and feeding on the Central Asian species of Raveniola refer only to a few taxa of spider wasps (Hymenoptera, Pompilidae). The pompilids that hunt and prey on these members of Raveniola belong to the pompiline genera Pareiocurgus Haupt, 1962 and Pamirospila Wolf, 1970. Pareiocurgus latigena (F. Morawitz, 1893) is known from Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and southern Kyrgyzstan. These wasps feed on several species of burrowing spiders, including R. ferghanensis and representatives of Anemesia (Zonstein 2000 b). All five species of the endemic Central Asian genus Pamirospila (surveyed by Zonstein 2000 b, 2002 a, 2002 b) are probably specialized predators feeding only on Raveniola spp. Pamirospila is confined to the same range as that of Raveniola in Central Asia. Additionally, at least twice, females of P. pamira (Haupt, 1930) have each been observed leaving a burrow of R. alajensis sp. nov., with the living chamber littered with soil lumps and with a paralyzed spider inside. A similar interaction has also been noted for R. hirta sp. nov. (Zonstein 2000 b).	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235523FFB0FDBAE03CFB3CCA11.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnostic characters Maxilla with numerous cuspules arranged in a triangular area (Figs 202 – 204). PMS medium-sized to large. Apical segment of PLS elongate and considerably longer than in other Raveniola spp. (Figs 555 – 558 cf. Figs 559 – 618). Males: tibiae and metatarsi I – II without modified hairs (Figs 256, 258, 260, 290); cymbium moderately short (as in Figs 349 – 351); embolus broadly tipped, always with well-developed subapical keel (Figs 379 – 384, 466 – 468). Females: spermathecae (known only for one species of the group) very wide, each with two short, thin, and closely spaced stalks (Figs 487 – 488).	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235523FFB0FDBAE03CFB3CCA11.taxon	discussion	Within the group, only the female of R. redikorzevi is currently known (see below).	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235520FFB6FDA2E3A3FB80CFA5.taxon	description	Figs 1, 82, 136, 202, 256 – 257, 349, 379 – 380, 555, 619 – 621, 748 – 749	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235520FFB6FDA2E3A3FB80CFA5.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis The species differs from Raveniola inopinata sp. nov. by having a considerably paler colour of ginger orange carapace and legs (which are dark sepia brown in the latter species; see Figs 1 and 2). Raveniola caudata can be distinguished from R. redikorzevi by its almost indistinct dorsal abdominal pattern. Males of R. caudata differ from males of the two other species of the group in having shorter laterodistal hair tufts on tarsi I – IV (Fig. 257 cf. Figs 259, 324) and by the shorter and less tapering proximal part of the embolus (Figs 379 – 380 cf. Figs 381 – 384).	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235520FFB6FDA2E3A3FB80CFA5.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Holotype TAJIKISTAN • ♂; Panj Karatau Mts, western slope of Mt Astana, 2.8 km WSW of summit; 37 ° 22.8 ′ N, 69 ° 12.8 ′ E; 1020 m a. s. l.; 24 Apr. 1991; S. V. Ovchinnikov leg.; SMNH. Additional material (1 ♂, 1 juv.) TAJIKISTAN • 1 juv.; Aruktau Mts, surroundings of Ganjina; 37 ° 58 ′ N, 68 ° 34 ′ E; 700 – 800 m a. s. l.; 16 Apr. 1968; V. F. Bahvalov leg.; SMNH • 1 ♂ (with both palps lost prior to collection); Vahsh Karatau Mts, 3 km NW of Mt Hojamaston; 38 ° 01.4 ′ N, 68 ° 56.8 ′ E; 940 m a. s. l.; 21 Apr. 1989; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235520FFB6FDA2E3A3FB80CFA5.taxon	description	Description Male (holotype) HABITUS. See Fig. 1. MEASUREMENTS. TBL 19.30, CL 7.13, CW 6.27, LL 0.57, LW 1.26, SL 3.52, SW 3.21. COLOUR. Carapace, palps and legs ginger orange; eye tubercle with central and two symmetrical lateral brownish-black spots surrounding AME and lateral eyes respectively; chelicerae cherry red; sternum, labium and maxillae light yellowish orange; metatarsi and tarsi gradually lighten toward apices; entire abdomen light yellowish grey, dorsally with almost indistinct darker pattern represented by few very weakly developed pairs of posteriorly-inclined greyish fasciae; spinnerets uniformly light yellowish grey. CEPHALOTHORAX. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in Fig. 82. Clypeus and eye group as in Fig. 136. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.16 (0.22), ALE 0.28, PLE 0.16, PME 0.12; AME – AME 0.16 (0.10), ALE – AME 0.07 (0.04), ALE – PLE 0.06, PLE – PME 0.04, PME – PME 0.43. Each cheliceral furrow with 10 promarginal teeth and 5 mesobasal denticles. MIT indiscernible. Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in Fig. 202. Maxillae with 52 – 57 cuspules each. LEGS. Tibia and metatarsus I as in Fig. 256. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 9 – 12 each on tibiae, 13 – 15 on metatarsi, 15 – 18 on tarsi, 9 – 10 on cymbium. Scopula: distal ⅓ on metatarsi I – II, entire on tarsi I – II, widely divided by setae on tarsus III, absent on tarsus IV. Tarsi I – IV apically with very moderately dense lateral tufts of relatively short setae (Fig 257). Paired claws on tarsi I – IV with 8 – 11 teeth on each margin. Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total Palp 4.23 2.27 3.46 – 1.35 11.31 Leg I 6.32 3.65 5.03 5.27 3.10 23.37 Leg II 6.22 3.23 4.98 5.02 3.03 22.48 Leg III 5.55 2.88 4.10 5.87 3.27 21.67 Leg IV 6.97 3.25 5.53 7.70 3.73 27.18 SPINATION. Palp: femur d 4, pd 3, rd 2; patella p 2; tibia d 4, p 3, r 2, v 4; cymbium d 6 (5). Leg I: femur d 4, pd 3, rd 3; patella p 2; tibia p 3 (1), pv 2 (1), r 2 + 2 M; metatarsus v 1 a. Leg II: femur d 4, pd 3; patella p 2; tibia p 3, v 8 (6); metatarsus p 1; v 6. Leg III: femur d 4, pd 3, rd 3; patella p 2, r 1; tibia d 2, p 2, r 2, v 7 (5); metatarsus d 2, p 3, r 2, v 10 (9). Leg IV: femur d 4, pd 4 (3), rd 3; patella p 2, r 1; tibia d 3 (2), p 3, r 3 (2), v 7; metatarsus d 3, p 3, r 3, v 10 (9). Tarsi I – IV aspinose. PALP. Tibia, cymbium and copulatory bulb as shown in Fig. 349. Broadly tipped embolus with noticeably shortened basal part and with pronounced subapical keel (Figs 379 – 380). SPINNERETS. See Fig. 555. PMS: length 0.75; diameter 0.28. PLS: maximal diameter 0.65; length of basal, medial and apical segments 1.22, 0.85, 1.23; total length 3.30; apical segment elongate. Female Unknown.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235520FFB6FDA2E3A3FB80CFA5.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology The species inhabits open shrubland and low forest biotopes with co-dominating Pistacia vera L., Cercis griffithii Boiss., Acer spp. and Prunus spp. (see Figs 619 – 620). Males were found under rocks; the only juvenile specimen was found, according to the original label data, inside a gerbil’s burrow. The microbiotope situated directly in the type locality (shown in Fig. 621) is a pile of stones in the foreground, from where the holotype was collected in 1991. The corresponding photograph was taken in 2015.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235520FFB6FDA2E3A3FB80CFA5.taxon	distribution	Distribution South Tajikistan, as shown in Figs 748 – 749. In the original description, the distance between the ridge summit and the type locality was indicated incorrectly (see Zonstein 2009).	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235526FFB7FD81E516FC88CBC3.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 95 D 11393 - B 830 - 4068 - 8 CC 7 - 91 D 33 AE 45 BA 7 Figs 2, 63 – 64, 83, 137, 203, 258 – 259, 350, 381 – 382, 556, 622, 748 – 749	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235526FFB7FD81E516FC88CBC3.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Differs from R. caudata and R. redikorzevi by having a darker and almost uniformly brown colouration of body and legs, as well as in having noticeably smaller PMS (in R. inopinata sp. nov. the proximal segment of PLS is 2.5 times as long as PMS vs 1.8 – 2 times in the latter species). In the male of R. inopinata sp. nov., the copulatory bulb is relatively slender (ca 3 times as long as wide vs 2 – 2.5 times in males of the two other species), with smaller and less pronounced subapical embolic keel (Figs 381 – 382 cf. Figs 379 – 380, 383 – 384).	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235526FFB7FD81E516FC88CBC3.taxon	etymology	Etymology The specific epithet ‘ inopinata ’ is a Latin adjective (of the feminine gender) that means ‘ unexpected’. This name was chosen because the holotype of this rare species was quite unexpectedly found only a few kilometres from the type locality of the equally rare R. caudata.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235526FFB7FD81E516FC88CBC3.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Holotype TAJIKISTAN • ♂; Panj Karatau Mts, western slope of Mt Astana, 0.9 km SW of summit; 37 ° 22.9 ′ N, 69 ° 14.3 ′ E; 1550 m a. s. l.; 4 May 2015; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235526FFB7FD81E516FC88CBC3.taxon	description	Description Male (holotype) HABITUS. See Figs 2, 63 – 64. MEASUREMENTS. TBL 13.85, CL 6.31, CW 5.67, LL 0.51, LW 1.05, SL 3.10, SW 2.76. COLOUR. Carapace, palps and legs dorsally dark sepia brown; eye tubercle blackish brown; chelicerae dark chestnut brown; sternum, labium, maxillae, palps and legs ventrally light sepia brown; abdomen almost uniformly greyish brown, dorsally with small and paler median greyish spot in anterior quarter; book-lungs and spinnerets pale sepia brown. CEPHALOTHORAX. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in Fig. 83. Clypeus and eye group as in Fig. 137. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.18 (0.24), ALE 0.30, PLE 0.16, PME 0.13; AME – AME 0.15 (0.09), ALE – AME 0.08 (0.05), ALE – PLE 0.06, PLE – PME 0.06, PME – PME 0.40. Each cheliceral furrow with 10 promarginal teeth and 6 – 7 mesobasal denticles. MIT indiscernible. Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in Fig. 203. Maxillae with ca 45 cuspules each. LEGS. Tibia and metatarsus I as shown in Fig. 258. Scopula: entire and distal on metatarsi I – II, entire on tarsi I – II; widely divided on tarsus III, widely divided and mixed with setae on tarsus IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows each of 12 – 14 on tibiae, 20 – 23 on metatarsi, 20 – 25 on tarsi, 15 – 16 on cymbium. Tarsi I – IV apically with moderately dense lateral tufts of long setae (Fig. 259). Paired claws on tarsi I – IV with 8 – 10 teeth in each row. Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total Palp 3.62 1.85 3.12 – 1.23 9.82 Leg I 6.12 3.13 4.54 4.94 2.81 21.54 Leg II 5.45 2.90 4.43 4.67 2.76 20.21 Leg III 5.08 2.31 3.45 5.14 2.72 18.70 Leg IV 6.67 2.77 4.81 6.89 3.43 24.57 SPINATION. Palp: femur d 4 (5), pd 2, rd 2; patella p 2; tibia d 2, p 5, pv 1, r 1, rv 3; cymbium d 6 (7). Leg I: femur d 4, pd 3, rd 3; patella p 1; tibia p 2, pv 3, r 1, rv 2 + 2 M; metatarsus v 2 a. Leg II: femur d 4, pd 3, rd 3; patella p 1; tibia p 3, v 8; metatarsus p 1; v 6. Leg III: femur d 4, pd 3, rd 3; patella p 2, r 1 (0); tibia d 3 (2), p 3, r 3, v 8; metatarsus d 3, p 3, r 3, v 8. Leg IV: femur d 4, pd 3, rd 4 (2); patella p 1, r 1; tibia d 2 (1), p 3, r 3, v 8; metatarsus d 2, p 4, r 4, v 10. Tarsi I – IV aspinose. PALP. Tibia, cymbium and copulatory bulb as shown in Fig. 350. Broadly tipped embolus provided with relatively low and gradually rounded subapical keel (Figs 381 – 382). SPINNERETS. See Fig. 556. PMS: length 0.51; diameter 0.23. PLS: maximal diameter 0.45; length of basal, medial and apical segments 1.23, 0.84, 1.22; total length 3.29; apical segment elongate. Female Unknown.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235526FFB7FD81E516FC88CBC3.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology The holotype was collected in a stepped low sparse forest dominated by Acer, Crataegus and Prunus spp.; the spider was found in a small hollow between two slopes under a stone (Figs 63 – 64, 622).	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235526FFB7FD81E516FC88CBC3.taxon	distribution	Distribution Known only from the type locality. See Figs 748 – 749.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235527FFAAFDDAE2FDFBF8CCB7.taxon	description	Figs 3, 36, 84, 110, 138, 166, 196, 204, 229, 260, 290, 319 – 324, 351, 383 – 384, 466 – 468, 479 – 481, 487 – 488, 557 – 558, 623 – 626, 748 – 749	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235527FFAAFDDAE2FDFBF8CCB7.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Differs from the other two species of this group in having a distinctly developed dorsal abdominal pattern and an even longer apical segment of PLS. Males of R. redikorzevi can be distinguished from males of R. caudata and R. inopinata sp. nov. in possessing noticeably stouter though similarly long legs, closer spaced megaspines, a stouter palpal tibia and cymbium, as well as by details of the embolic keel and tip (see Figs 260, 351, 383 – 384, 466 – 468 cf. Figs 256, 258, 349 – 350, 379 – 382).	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235527FFAAFDDAE2FDFBF8CCB7.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Holotype TURKMENISTAN • ♂; Akar-Cheshme; 24 Apr. 1936; L. Freiberg leg.; ZISP. Additional material (12 ♂♂, 1 ♀) TURKMENISTAN • 1 ♂; western part of Badhyz Plateau, surroundings of Akar-Cheshme well; 35 ° 47 ′ N, 61 ° 28 ′ E; 850 m a. s. l.; 16 Apr. 1985; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH • 3 ♂♂; south-eastern border of Badhyz Plateau, Kyzyl-Djar ravine; 35 ° 49 ′ N, 61 ° 51 ′ E; 500 – 600 m a. s. l.; 1 – 31 Mar. 1978; G. T. Kuznetzov leg.; SMNH • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; 11 Apr. 1993; D. A. Milko leg.; SMNH • 2 ♂♂; central part of Badhyz Plateau, Kepele well; 35 ° 48 ′ N, 61 ° 33 ′ E; 700 m a. s. l.; 1 – 31 Mar. 1980; R. E. Zlotin leg.; SMNH • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 16 Apr. 1984; SMNH • 1 ♂, same collection data as for preceding; 35 ° 48.2 ′ N, 61 ° 32.8 ′ E; 810 m a. s. l.; 10 Apr. 2002; A. V. Gromov leg.; ZMMU • 2 ♂♂; Zulfagar Mts, surroundings of Nardevanly spring; 35 ° 47 ′ N, 61 ° 21 ′ E; 1100 m a. s. l.; 13 Apr. 1993; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235527FFAAFDDAE2FDFBF8CCB7.taxon	description	Redescription Male (a conspecific specimen from the type locality, Akar-Cheshme, SMNH) HABITUS. See Fig. 3. MEASUREMENTS. TBL 17.40, CL 8.07, CW 7.47, LL 0.70, LW 1.49, SL 3.74, SW 3.45. COLOUR. Carapace, palps and legs including femora, patellae, tibiae, metatarsus I and cymbium brownish orange; eye tubercle weakly darkened, with dark brown spot surrounding AME and narrow brownish fasciae edging other eyes; chelicerae ginger red; sternum, labium, maxillae, metatarsi II – IV and tarsi I – IV light brownish orange; abdomen light yellowish brown, dorsally with diffuse brown pattern consisting of broad median lanceolate spot crossed and fused with few fairly broad and irregularly shaped transverse chevrons; spinnerets pale yellowish brown. CEPHALOTHORAX. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in Fig. 84. Clypeus and eye group as in Fig. 138. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.20 (0.27), ALE 0.35, PLE 0.19, PME 0.16, AME – AME 0.13 (0.07), ALE – AME 0.12 (0.09), ALE – PLE 0.12, PLE – PME 0.08, PME – PME 0.54. Each cheliceral furrow with 10 promarginal teeth and 5 – 6 mesobasal denticles. MIT indiscernible (Fig. 196). Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in Fig. 204. Maxillae with 26 – 27 cuspules each. LEGS. Tibia and metatarsus I as shown in Figs 260, 290. Scopula: distal ⅓ on metatarsi I – II, entire on tarsi I – II, narrowly divided by setae on tarsi III, widely divided on tarsi IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 9 – 12 each on tibiae, 15 – 19 on metatarsi, 19 – 24 on tarsi, 9 – 10 on cymbium. Trichobothrial bases and tarsal organ I as shown in Figs 320 – 323. Tarsi I – IV apically with dense lateral tufts of long setae (Fig. 324). Paired claws on tarsi I – IV with 9 – 11 teeth on each margin. SPINATION. Palp: femur d 4, pd 2, rd 2 (1); patella p 2; tibia d 3, p 3, r 3, v 6; cymbium d 4 (5). Leg I: femur d 4, pd 3, rd 3; patella p 2; tibia p 3, pv 2, r 2, rv 2 + 2 M; metatarsus v 2 a. Leg II: femur d 4, pd 3, rd 2; patella p 2; tibia p 3, r 1, v 8 (6); metatarsus d 1, p 3; v 7. Leg III: femur d 4, pd 3, rd 3; patella p 3, r 1; tibia d 3, p 3, r 3, v 8 (7); metatarsus d 1, pd 3, p 3, r 3, v 8. Leg IV: femur d 4, pd 4 (3), rd 4; patella p 2, r 1; tibia d 4 (3), p 3, r 3, v 8; metatarsus d 1, p 4, pd 2, r 3, v 9. Tarsi I – IV aspinose. PALP. Tibia, cymbium and copulatory bulb as shown in Fig. 351. Broadly tipped embolus provided with relatively high and sharply rounded subapical keel (Figs 383 – 384, 466 – 468). SPINNERETS. See Fig. 557. PMS: length 0.78; diameter 0.34. PLS: maximal diameter 0.63; length of basal, medial and apical segments 1.40, 1.03, 1.62; total length 4.05; apical segment elongate. Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total Palp 4.70 (3.71) 2.67 (1.99) 4.38 (2.59) – 1.43 (2.04) 13.18 (10.33) Leg I 7.32 (4.65) 3.97 (2.78) 5.35 (3.79) 5.51 (2.61) 3.28 (1.92) 25.43 (15.75) Leg II 7.03 (4.33) 3.68 (2.69) 5.04 (3.54) 5.23 (2.49) 3.20 (1.92) 24.18 (14.97) Leg III 6.33 (3.05) 3.05 (1.76) 4.37 (2.15) 6.07 (2.53) 3.15 (1.89) 22.97 (11.38) Leg IV 7.82 (4.88) 3.53 (2.54) 5.78 (3.72) 7.93 (4.63) 3.72 (2.43) 28.78 (18.20) Female (surroundings of Kepele well) HABITUS. See Fig. 36. MEASUREMENTS. TBL 16.50, CL 6.69, CW 5.83, LL 0.59, LW 1.30, SL 3.37, SW 2.70. COLOUR. As in male, but carapace and legs I – IV paler, light yellowish orange. CEPHALOTHORAX. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in Fig. 110. Clypeus and eye group as in Fig. 166. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.16 (0.24), ALE 0.30, PLE 0.16, PME 0.14, AME – AME 0.20 (0.12), ALE – AME 0.11 (0.07), ALE – PLE 0.12, PLE – PME 0.12, PME – PME 0.49. Cheliceral furrow with 8 promarginal teeth and 2 – 3 denticles. Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in Fig. 229. Maxillae with 40 – 42 cuspules each. LEGS. Scopula: distal ⅓ on metatarsi I – II, entire on palpal tarsus and tarsi I – II, widely divided and mixed with setae on tarsi III – IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 11 – 13 each on tibiae, 16 – 21 on metatarsi, 19 – 24 on tarsi, 14 – 15 on cymbium. Paired claws on tarsi I – III with 5 – 7 teeth on each margin, but paired caws on tarsus IV with 4 and 2 teeth in inner and outer row, respectively. Palpal claw with 4 long teeth on promargin. SPINATION. Palpal femur and femora I – IV with 1 – 2 basodorsal spines and 2 – 3 dorsal bristles; patella I, palpal patella and tarsi I – IV aspinose. Palp: femur pd 1 (0); tibia v 6 (5); tarsus v 2 (1). Leg I: femur pd 2; tibia p 2, v 7 (5); metatarsus v 6. Leg II: femur pd 2; patella p 2; tibia p 3 (1), v 7; metatarsus p 2, v 7. Leg III: femur pd 1, rd 1; patella p 2; tibia d 2, p 2, r 2, v 4; metatarsus d 2, p 4, r 3, v 9. Leg IV: femur pd 1, rd 2; patella p 1, r 1; tibia d 1, p 2, r 3, v 7; metatarsus d 1, p 3, r 3, v 8. SPERMATHECAE. Each paired spermatheca mound-like with low and wide base carrying two short, slender and narrowly spaced stalks (Figs 487 – 488). SPINNERETS. See Fig. 558. PMS: length 0.63; diameter 0.28. PLS: maximal diameter 0.70; length of basal, medial and apical segments 1.22, 0.78, 1.49; total length 3.49; apical segment elongate. Variation Carapace length in males (n = 8) varies from 6.25 to 8.20. In some specimens, dorsal abdominal pattern may be noticeably darker and more contrasting than in the figured male and female.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235527FFAAFDDAE2FDFBF8CCB7.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology The species inhabits lowland semideserts, open low woodlands dominated by Pistacea vera L., and montane steppes (Figs 623 – 626); wandering males occur under rocks. According to the personal communication of R. E. Zlotin (Research Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow), the specimens collected by him were captured when he investigated the abandoned burrows of xerophilic rodents (mostly, of gerbils, Meriones spp.) and reptilians.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235527FFAAFDDAE2FDFBF8CCB7.taxon	distribution	Distribution South Turkmenistan: Badhyz Plateau, including its western mountainous border (Zulfagar Mts). Very likely, the species can also occur within the neighbouring territories of Iran and Afghanistan. See Figs 748 – 749.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235527FFAAFDDAE2FDFBF8CCB7.taxon	discussion	Notes Zonstein (2009) considered the only known conspecific female as an immature specimen (judging from its smaller size in comparison with the majority of collected males belonging to the same species). However, the dissection that followed the premature appreciation revealed that this relatively small female is nevertheless adult and possesses normally developed spermathecae.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B723553AFFA8FDBFE401FAC5C9B2.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnostic characters Maxilla with numerous cuspules arranged in a triangular area (Figs 205 – 215, 230 – 242). PLS chiefly medium-sized, sometimes small (Figs 559 – 588). Apical segment of PLS mostly triangular, though in some species shortly digitiform (as in Figs 577 – 579, 581). Males: tibiae and metatarsi I – II in many species of the group with long, thin and erect hairs (Figs 262, 265, 267, 269 – 272, 297 – 302); cymbium very short (as in Figs 352 – 364); tapering embolus bent and screwed subapically, with or without subapical keels (Figs 385 – 428). Females: spermathecae mostly U- or V-shaped with wide bases and with inner and outer branches more or less widely separated apart (Figs 490 – 512, 520 – 525), or spermathecae narrow F- or Y-shaped in some species (Figs 489, 513 – 519).	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235539FFAEFD99E622FB4DC8C6.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 4 CC 0 D 56 D- 66 E 1 - 4890 - 8 A 23 - AC 5529 B 927 BB Figs 37, 111, 167, 230, 310, 489 – 490, 559, 750	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235539FFAEFD99E622FB4DC8C6.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis The new species shares with Raveniola alajensis sp. nov., R. hirta sp. nov. and R. karategensis sp. nov. the presence of modified long hairs on the female tibia and metatarsus IV (Fig. 310 cf. Figs 311, 314, 316 – 317). Females of R. afghana sp. nov. are well distinguishable by the long twisted branches of their spermathecae vs dissimilarly arranged spermathecal branches in all other species included in the same group known from females (Figs 489, 490 cf. Figs 491 – 525).	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235539FFAEFD99E622FB4DC8C6.taxon	etymology	Etymology The specific epithet is derived from the name of the country (among the meanings of ‘ Afghan’, one corresponds to a native or inhabitant of Afghanistan); the gender is feminine.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235539FFAEFD99E622FB4DC8C6.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Holotype AFGHANISTAN • ♀; Bāmīān Province, Koh-i-Baba Mts, Tarapas; 34 ° 29 ′ N, 67 ° 08 ′ E; 3200 m a. s. l.; 23 Jul. 1948; N. Haarløv leg.; NHMD. Paratype s (11 ♀♀) AFGHANISTAN • 6 ♀♀; same data as for holotype, Pushtah-ye Guli (Puistangoli, as labeled); 34 ° 35 ′ N, 67 ° 09 ′ E; 3000 – 3400 m a. s. l.; 1 Aug. 1948; N. Haarløv leg.; NHMD • 5 ♀♀; Wardak Province, Sar-e Djejanghana in vicinity of Mt Shan Fuladi; [34 ° 39 ′ N, 67 ° 38 ′ E]; 3000 – 3400 m a. s. l.; 8 Aug. 1948; N. Haarløv leg.; NHMD.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235539FFAEFD99E622FB4DC8C6.taxon	description	Description Female (holotype) HABITUS. See Fig. 37. MEASUREMENTS. TBL 26.80, CL 9.31, CW 7.98, LL 1.04, LW 1.80, SL 5.18, SW 4.29. COLOUR. Carapace, palps and legs dorsally medium yellowish brown; chelicerae, thoracic fovea and radial grooves of carapace dark brownish orange; eye tubercle with fused blackish brown rings surrounding AMEs and lateral eyes; sternum, labium, maxillae, palps and legs ventrally yellowish orange; abdomen dorsally medium chestnut brown with poorly discernible darker brown dorsal chevron-like pattern, venter of abdomen including spinnerets uniformly dark yellow. CEPHALOTHORAX. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in Fig. 111. Clypeus and eye group as in Fig. 167. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.20 (0.28), ALE 0.37, PLE 0.24, PME 0.22; AME – AME 0.20 (0.12), ALE – AME 0.23 (0.19), ALE – PLE 0.23, PLE – PME 0.07, PME – PME 0.68. Chelicerae with weak rastellum of ca 40 dense spikes located in front of fang base. Each cheliceral furrow with 7 promarginal teeth and 3 mesobasal denticles. Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in Fig. 230. Posterior pair of sternal sigilla oval and located distantly from sternal edge. Maxillae with ca 60 cuspules each. LEGS. Tibia, metatarsus and tarsus IV covered with long, thin and dense dorsal hairs, 2 – 2.5 times as long as maximal width of corresponding segment (Fig. 310). Scopula: entire and distal on metatarsi I – II, entire on palpal tarsus and tarsi I – II, proventral and mixed with setae on tarsus III, absent on tarsus IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 10 – 11 each on tibiae, 21 – 24 on metatarsi, 18 – 20 on tarsi. Palpal claw with 6 teeth. PTC I – IV with 6 – 7 teeth on inner and 7 – 9 teeth on outer margin. Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total Palp 4.98 2.58 3.45 – 3.83 14.84 Leg I 7.24 3.90 5.43 4.91 3.17 24.65 Leg II 7.06 3.79 4.27 4.46 3.17 22.75 Leg III 6.01 3.09 3.32 4.62 3.09 20.13 Leg IV 7.12 3.62 5.22 6.06 3.03 25.05 SPINATION. Palpal femur and femora I – IV with 1 basodorsal spine and 4 – 5 dorsal bristles; patellae I and IV, and tarsi I – II aspinose. Palp: femur pd 1; patella v 1; tibia p 1, v 14 (12); tarsus v 2. Leg I: femur pd 1; tibia p 1, v 4 (3); metatarsus p 1, v 2 a. Leg II: femur pd 1; patella p 1; tibia p 3 (2), v 6; metatarsus p 3, v 7. Leg III: femur pd 2, rd 2; patella p 3; tibia p 2, r 2, v 7; metatarsus p 3, r 3, v 9; tarsus p 2. Leg IV: tibia v 5 (4); metatarsus p 4, r 3, v 9; tarsus p 1. SPERMATHECAE. F-shaped, with moderately low and narrow bases broadly spaced from each other, each with two long, narrow, diverged and twisted stalks, and slightly dilated inner and outer terminal heads (Fig. 490). SPINNERETS. See Fig. 559. PMS: length 0.83, diameter 0.39. PLS: maximal diameter 1.04; length of basal, medial and apical segments 1.90, 0.97, 0.91; total length 3.78; apical segment triangular. Male Unknown. Variation Carapace length in females (n = 8) varies from 9.31 to 11.96. The variation in the shape of the spermathecae as shown in Figs 489 – 490.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235539FFAEFD99E622FB4DC8C6.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology The species inhabits woodless slopes in the alpine zone at an altitude of 3000 – 3400 m a. s. l. According to Denis (1958), the spiders were collected from their burrows with an open (unprotected) entrance.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235539FFAEFD99E622FB4DC8C6.taxon	distribution	Distribution Central Afghanistan: Koh-i-Baba Mts. See Fig. 750.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235539FFAEFD99E622FB4DC8C6.taxon	discussion	Notes Denis (1958) estimated the carapace length in the collected females as ranging from 10 to 14 mm. The measured actual length of the carapace in these females is somewhat shorter, as noted above.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B723553EFFADFD9CE1F3FDDDCA52.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 2 D 34 C 44 A-A 596 - 4 F 8 D- 9 CF 2 - 6 B 2 BDBF 3 E 908 Figs 4, 38, 65, 85, 112, 139, 168, 205, 231, 261, 291, 311, 325 – 327, 352, 385 – 387, 491 – 493, 560 – 562, 627, 628, 751	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B723553EFFADFD9CE1F3FDDDCA52.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis The new species shares with Raveniola afghana sp. nov., R. hirta sp. nov. and R. karategensis sp. nov. the presence of modified long hairs on the female tibia and metatarsus IV (see Figs 310 – 311, 314 – 317). Among these species, females of R. alajensis sp. nov. are distinguishable due to their well-developed chevron-like marks on the dorsal abdomen (which are absent or poorly discernible in other noted species; Fig. 38 cf. Figs 37, 42, 44). In females of the new species, the inner spermathecal branch is shorter, narrower and impartible, while in females of the other above-mentioned species, it is longer, wider, multilobate, or serpentine (Figs 491 – 493 cf. Figs 489 – 490, 504 – 508, 510 – 512). In the structure of the embolus, males of R. alajensis resemble those of R. cucullata sp. nov. and R. insolita sp. nov., but may be distinguished from them in having a noticeably wider basal section of the embulus, additionally provided with a larger embolic keel (Figs 385 – 387 cf. Figs 389 – 396 and 409 – 411).	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B723553EFFADFD9CE1F3FDDDCA52.taxon	etymology	Etymology The specific epithet is a toponym referring to the type locality: Alay Valley, Alay and Trans-Alay Mts. The majority of zoologists, who have described species under this name, clearly preferred to use the much more common spelling ‘ alajensis ’ rather than ‘ alayensis ’ (according to the Google search engine, the use frequency ratio between the former and the latter is about 110 to 1). I just follow herein this historical practice.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B723553EFFADFD9CE1F3FDDDCA52.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Holotype KYRGYZSTAN • ♂; Trans-Alay Mts (northern slope), Berksu Gorge; 39 ° 28 ′ N, 72 ° 01 ′ E; 2650 m a. s. l.; 11 Jul. 1995; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH. Paratypes (2 ♂, 27 ♀♀) KYRGYZSTAN • 1 ♂, 21 ♀♀; same locality as for preceding; 2600 – 3200 m a. s. l.; 9 – 12 Jul. 1995; S. Zonstein and S. V. Ovchinnikov leg.; SMNH • 2 ♀♀; same locality as for preceding; 9 Jul. 1995; S. Zonstein leg.; ZMUM • 2 ♀♀; Alay Mts (southern slope), Oksu Gorge; 2800 m a. s. l.; 15 Jul. 1998; S. V. Ovchinnikov leg.; SMNH • 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; Tekelik Gorge; 39 ° 35 ′ N, 71 ° 57 ′ E; 2700 m a. s. l.; 17 Jul. 1998; D. A. Milko leg.; SMNH • 1 ♂; Alay Mts (southern slope), Kaindy Canyon near Kaindy Pass (“ Dare-Kaindy ”, as labelled); 39 ° 38 ′ N, 72 ° 03 ′ E; 3300 – 3400 m a. s. l.; 11 Jul. 1903; S. Arens leg.; ZISP 82 - 905. Additional material TAJIKISTAN • 1 ♀; Alay Mts, southern slope W of Karamyk Pass; 39 ° 27 ′ N, 71 ° 46 ′ E; 2500 m a. s. l.; 25 Jul. 1998; A. Panfilov leg.; SMNH.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B723553EFFADFD9CE1F3FDDDCA52.taxon	description	Description Male (holotype) HABITUS. See Fig. 4. MEASUREMENTS. TBL 13.85, CL 6.73, CW 5.88, LL 0.45, LW 0.92, SL 3.27, SW 2.98. COLOUR. Carapace mostly brownish orange; cephalic area, thoracic grooves and chelicerae slightly darker, medium reddish brown, eye tubercle blackened, palps and legs dorsally brownish orange; sternum, labium, maxillae, palps and legs ventrally light yellowish brown; abdomen dorsally medium greyish brown with darker brown pattern consisting of interrupted median strip and five pairs of short oblique lateral chevrons; ventral surface of abdomen light greyish brown, book-lungs and spinnerets pale yellowish brown. CEPHALOTHORAX. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in Fig. 85. Clypeus and eye group as in Fig. 139. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.15 (0.21), ALE 0.25, PLE 0.15, PME 0.14; AME – AME 0.15 (0.09), ALE – AME 0.09 (0.06), ALE – PLE 0.13, PLE – PME 0.5, PME – PME 0.40. Chelicerae with weak rastellum of ca 30 spikes located in front of fang base. Each cheliceral furrow with 9 promarginal teeth and 5 – 6 mesobasal denticles. MIT indiscernible. Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in Fig. 205. Maxillae with 49 – 51 cuspules each. LEGS. Tibia and metatarsus I as in Figs 261, 291. Scopula: distal on metatarsi I – II, entire on tarsi I – II, narrowly divided with setae on tarsus III, widely divided on tarsus IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 8 each on tibiae, 11 – 13 on metatarsi, 14 – 15 on tarsi, 10 on cymbium. PTC I – IV with 9 – 10 teeth on outer and 11 teeth on inner margin. SPINATION. Palpal patella, patellae I – II and tarsi I – IV aspinose. Palp: femur d 5 (4), pd 3, rd 2; tibia d 5, p 3, r 2, v 6; cymbium d ~ 40 spikes. Leg I: femur d 4, pd 3, rd 3; tibia p 3 (2), pv 2, r 2, rv 2 + 2 M; metatarsus vp 1. Leg II: femur d 4, pd 3, rd 3; tibia p 3, v 8 (7); metatarsus p 1, v 4 (5). Leg III: femur d 4, pd 3, rd 3; patella p 2, r 2; tibia d 1, p 3 (2), r 2, v 7; metatarsus pd 4, p 3, rd 3, v 7. Leg IV: femur d 4, pd 3, rd 2; patella r 1; tibia d 1, pd 3, p 3 (4), r 3, v 6; metatarsus pd 4, p 3, r 4, v 8 (7). PALP. Tibia, cymbium and copulatory bulb as shown in Fig. 352. Embolus with long basal portion provided with low keel and short hooked apical part (Figs 385 – 387). SPINNERETS. See Fig. 560. PMS: length 0.45, diameter 0.20. PLS: maximal diameter 0.53; length of basal, medial and apical segments 1.02, 0.65, 0.67; total length 2.34; apical segment triangular. Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total Palp 4.55 (4.98) 2.47 (2.60) 3.95 (3.14) – 0.92 (2.27) 11.78 (12.99) Leg I 6.53 (6.52) 3.68 (4.05) 5.37 (4.53) 5.33 (3.90) 2.77 (2.48) 23.68 (21.48) Leg II 6.07 (5.97) 3.20 (3.64) 4.53 (3.62) 4.45 (3.57) 2.72 (2.48) 20.97 (19.28) Leg III 4.80 (4.95) 2.92 (2.93) 3.13 (2.85) 4.37 (3.85) 2.75 (2.44) 17.97 (17.02) Leg IV 6.13 (7.93) 3.53 (3.77) 4.55 (5.02) 6.12 (6.43) 3.08 (3.10) 23.41 (26.25) Female (paratype from Berksu, SMNH) HABITUS. See Figs 38, 65. MEASUREMENTS. TBL 21.50, CL 8.65, CW 7.22, LL 0.73, LW 1.50, SL 4.60, SW 3.92. COLOUR. Similar to that of male, but slightly lighter. CEPHALOTHORAX. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in Fig. 112. Clypeus and eye group as in Fig. 168. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.20 (0.27), ALE 0.34, PLE 0.25, PME 0.22; AME – AME 0.21 (0.14), ALE – AME 0.16 (0.13), ALE – PLE 0.29, PLE – PME 0.09, PME – PME 0.60. Chelicerae with weak rastellum of ca 35 – 40 dense spikes located in front of fang base. Each cheliceral furrow with 9 – 10 promarginal teeth and 4 – 6 mesobasal denticles. Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in Fig. 231. Maxillae with 44 – 46 cuspules each. LEGS. Tibia, metatarsus and tarsus IV covered with extremely long and dense dorsal hairs, 3 – 4 times as long as maximal width of corresponding segment (Fig. 311). Scopula: entire on metatarsus I, distal ⅔ of metatarsus II, palpal tarsus and tarsus I, narrowly divided with setae on tarsus II, widely divided on tarsi III – IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 9 – 11 each on tibiae, ca 20 on metatarsi and tarsi. Trichobothria, their bases and tarsal organ of leg I as shown on Figs 325 – 327. Palpal claw with 6 teeth. PTC I – IV with 6 – 7 teeth on each margin. SPINATION. Palpal femur and femora I – IV with 1 basodorsal spine and 3 – 5 dorsal bristles; patella I and tarsi I – IV aspinose. Palp: femur pd 1; patella pd 1; tibia p 2 (3), v 7 (5); tarsus v 3. Leg I: femur pd 1; tibia v 2 (1); metatarsus v 5 (4). Leg II: femur pd 1; patella p 2; tibia p 2, v 5; metatarsus v 6. Leg III: femur pd 2, rd 3; patella p 1 (2), r 1; tibia d 3, p 2, r 2, v 8 (7); metatarsus dp 4, r 3, v 8 (7). Leg IV: femur rd 2; patella r 2; tibia d 1, r 3, v 7 (8); metatarsus r 3, v 8 (7). SPERMATHECAE. See Fig. 491. Each paired spermatheca with low and wide conical base carrying two short club-like branches, with closely set proximal parts and widely divergent apices. SPINNERETS. See Figs 561 – 562. PMS: length 0.68, diameter 0.35. PLS: maximal diameter 1.13; length of basal, medial and apical segments 1.27, 0.75, 0.78; total length 2.80; apical segment triangular. Variation Carapace length in males (n = 3) ranges from 6.62 to 8.23, in females (n = 9) it varies from 6.57 to 8.93. Spermathecae show a quite insignificant variation (Figs 491 – 493).	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B723553EFFADFD9CE1F3FDDDCA52.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology The spiders occur in the highland zone of the Alay and Trans-Alay ridges where they inhabit subalpine and alpine grasslands in combination with a low open Juniperus woodland (Figs 627 – 628). All females were observed hiding inside their unprotected burrows 35 – 45 cm deep; the conspecific males were found hiding during the daytime under stones.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B723553EFFADFD9CE1F3FDDDCA52.taxon	distribution	Distribution Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan. See Fig. 751.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B723553DFFA3FDA7E36FFD64CDB7.taxon	description	Figs 86, 113, 140, 169, 206, 232, 262, 292, 353, 388, 494, 750	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B723553DFFA3FDA7E36FFD64CDB7.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis The only known pair of Raveniola concolor clearly differs from all other congeners belonging to the same species group by their uniformly dark brown body and legs (seen in dorsal aspect) vs an ornamented abdomen, or palps and legs lighter than the carapace. In having a similar body size and proportions of the male leg I (see Figs 262 and 271 – 272), this species resembles P. pamira sp. nov. However, the holotype male differs from males of the latter species in possessing a considerably longer and more sharply twisted distal section of the embolus (Fig. 388 cf. Figs 418 – 428), while the paratype female can be distinguished from females of P. pamira in having dissimilarly conformed spermathecae, with considerably higher and narrower bases (Fig. 494 cf. Figs 520 – 523).	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B723553DFFA3FDA7E36FFD64CDB7.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Holotype INDIA • ♂; Jammu & Kashmir State, North-Western Himalayas, Dras Valley, Shimsha Kharbu (Shimsha Karboo, as labelled); 34 ° 32 ′ N, 75 ° 59 ′ E; 2800 m a. s. l.; 15 Apr. 1929; L. Caporiacco leg.; MCSN AR 18. Paratype INDIA • 1 ♀; Jammu & Kashmir State, North-Western Himalayas, Shingo Valley, Apis; 34 ° 36 ′ N, 76 ° 02 ′ E; 2900 m a. s. l.; 16 Apr. 1929; MCSN AR 19.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B723553DFFA3FDA7E36FFD64CDB7.taxon	description	Description Male (holotype) MEASUREMENTS. TBL 15.10, CL 7.23, CW 6.27, LL 0.55, LW 1.00, SL 3.57, SW 2.97. COLOUR. Carapace, chelicerae, palps and legs uniformly dark chestnut brown; eye tubercle blackish brown; sternum, labium, maxillae, book-lungs and spinnerets medium brown; abdomen almost uniformly dark brown without clear dorsal pattern. CEPHALOTHORAX. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in Fig. 86. Clypeus and eye group as in Fig. 140. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.12 (0.16), ALE 0.22, PLE 0.17, PME 0.12; AME – AME 0.12 (0.08), ALE – AME 0.06 (0.04), ALE – PLE 0.04, PLE – PME 0.03, PME – PME 0.41. Anterior cheliceral edge only with slightly thickened setae; rastellum not developed. Each cheliceral furrow with 10 promarginal teeth and 4 mesobasal denticles. MIT indiscernible. Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in Fig. 206. Maxillae with 27 – 29 cuspules each. LEGS. Tibia and metatarsus I as in Figs 262, 292. Scopula: distal on metatarsi I – II; entire on tarsi I – II; narrowly divided with setae on tarsus III; sparse and widely divided on tarsus IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 9 – 10 on tibiae, 13 – 16 on metatarsi, 13 – 16 on tarsi, 11 on cymbium. PTC I – IV with 13 teeth on each margin. SPINATION. Palp: femur d 3, pd 1, rd 2; patella pd 1; tibia d 5, p 6, 3 (2), v 5; cymbium d 6. Leg I: femur d 4, pd 3, rd 3 (2); patella p 1; tibia p 2, r 2, rv 2 + 2 M. Leg II: femur d 4, pd 3, rd 1 (0); patella p 2; tibia p 3, v 7; metatarsus v 3. Leg III: femur d 3, pd 2, rd 2; patella p 2, r 1; tibia d 3, pd 3, p 3, r 3, v 7; metatarsus d 4, pd 4, p 4, r 2, v 9. Leg IV: femur d 4, pd 3, rd 3; patella p 3, r 1; tibia d 4, pd 3, dr 1, p 5, r 3, v 7; metatarsus d 1, pd 5, p 4, rd 3, r 3, v 9. Tarsi I – IV aspinose. PALP. Tibia, cymbium and copulatory bulb as shown in Fig. 353. Embolus with long basal portion provided with low keel and short hooked apical part (Fig. 388). SPINNERETS. PMS: length 0.15, diameter 0.07. PLS: maximal diameter 0.67; length of basal, medial and apical segments 0.55, 0.53, 0.53; total length 1.61; apical segment triangular. Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total Palp 3.25 (3.80) 2.07 (2.73) 3.05 (3.40) – 1.07 (3.00) 9.44 (12.93) Leg I 6.53 (6.50) 3.57 (4.23) 5.25 (5.00) 6.13 (4.47) 2.95 (2.77) 24.44 (22.97) Leg II 6.27 (6.20) 3.30 (3.95) 5.35 (5.00) 6.03 (4.53) 2.93 (2.90) 23.98 (22.58) Leg III 5.85 (5.95) 2.57 (3.13) 3.93 (3.85) 5.93 (5.33) 2.85 (2.97) 21.13 (21.23) Leg IV 6.27 (6.97) 3.17 (3.70) 5.90 (5.17) 7.77 (7.15) 3.00 (3.17) 26.61 (26.16) Female (paratype) MEASUREMENTS. TBL 21.00, CL 8.07, CW 6.80, LL 0.83, LW 1.70, SL 4.35, SW 3.37. COLOUR. Similar to that of male, but chelicerae relatively darker, brownish-black. CEPHALOTHORAX. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in Fig. 113. Clypeus and eye group as in Fig. 169. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.14 (0.20), ALE 0.31, PLE 0.21, PME 0.19; AME – AME 0.14 (0.08), ALE – AME 0.07 (0.04), ALE – PLE 0.06, PLE – PME 0.03, PME – PME 0.40. Cheliceral rastellum absent. Each cheliceral furrow with 10 – 11 promarginal teeth and 4 mesobasal denticles. Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in Fig. 232. Maxillae with 38 – 41 cuspules each. LEGS. Scopula: distal on metatarsi I – II; entire on palpal tarsus and tarsi I – II; sparse and widely divided by setae on tarsi III – IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 9 – 10 each on tibiae, 13 – 17 on metatarsi, 14 – 17 on tarsi. Palpal claw with 5 teeth. PTC I – IV with 12 – 14 teeth on inner and 10 – 11 teeth on outer margin. SPINATION. All femora with one basodorsal spine and 3 – 4 median and / or apical bristles; palpal patella, patellae I – II and tarsi I – IV aspinose. Palp: femur pd 1; tibia v 7; tarsus v 3 (8). Leg I: femur pd 1; tibia v 5; metatarsus v 5. Leg II: femur pd 1; tibia p 2, v 5; metatarsus v 6. Leg III: femur pd 1, rd 2; patella p 2, r 1; tibia d 1, p 2, r 2, v 7; metatarsus p 6, r 3, v 7. Leg IV: femur rd 1; patella p 1, r 1; tibia d 1, p 2, r 2, v 7; metatarsus p 5, r 3, v 7. SPERMATHECAE. Each of paired spermathecae U-shaped with relatively short and wide base carrying two equally thick, long and weakly diverging branches (Fig. 494). SPINNERETS. PMS: length 0.25, diameter 0.11. PLS: length of basal, medial and apical segments 0.65, 0.60, 0.53; total length 1.78; apical segment triangular.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B723553DFFA3FDA7E36FFD64CDB7.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology According to the label data, the holotype and the paratype were collected in a subalpine steppe zone. Other details remain unknown.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B723553DFFA3FDA7E36FFD64CDB7.taxon	distribution	Distribution India: Northwestern Himalayas. See Fig. 750.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235533FFA6FD9FE30DFCF3CC9A.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: D 8 D 03 F 0 B- 4 F 23 - 4 ACF-ACBE- 226049 F 93660 Figs 5 – 6, 39 – 40, 66, 69 – 70, 87 – 88, 114 – 115, 141 – 142, 170 – 171, 197, 207, 233 – 234, 263 – 264, 293 – 294, 312, 328 – 333, 354 – 355, 389 – 396, 469 – 470, 482 – 484, 495 – 499, 563 – 567, 629 – 646, 751	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235533FFA6FD9FE30DFCF3CC9A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Males of Raveniola cucullata sp. nov. differ from males of the four habitually similar species, R. dolosa sp. nov., R. ignobilis sp. nov., R. ornatula sp. nov. and R. pamira sp. nov., by noticeably shorter legs I – IV, and by metatarsi I – II, which are provided with denser and shorter scopula (Figs 263 – 264 cf. Figs 265, 267, 270 – 272). The structure of the tibia and metatarsus I and the conformation of the embolus in R. cucullata most closely resemble those in R. insolita sp. nov., but the latter species differs from R. cucullata in possessing a considerably longer male palpal tibia (Figs 354 – 355 cf. Fig. 360). Females of R. cucullata differ from females of R. dolosa and R. ornatula in having much larger PMS (which are strictly reduced in size in the two latter species (Figs 554, 556 cf. Figs 569 – 570, 582 – 583 )). Nevertheless, females of R. cucullata can be realibly distinguished from those of R. ignobilis and R. pamira only in the specific conformation of the spermathecal branches (which are either more widely set to each other, compared with R. dolosa, or longer, thinner and not dilated apically, compared with R. pamira (Figs 495 – 499 cf. Figs 520 – 523 )).	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235533FFA6FD9FE30DFCF3CC9A.taxon	etymology	Etymology The specific epithet is a Latin adjective referring to a clearly darkened cephalic portion of the carapace in this species (a character better developed in the conspecific males), that resembles in shape a hood (Latin: ‘ cucullus ’) folded back; the gender is feminine.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235533FFA6FD9FE30DFCF3CC9A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Holotype TAJIKISTAN • ♂; Vahsh Mts, Mullokoni Canyon, Shikildara Gorge; 38 ° 39 ′ N, 70 ° 01 ′ E; 1800 m a. s. l.; 29 Apr. 1990; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH. Paratypes (9 ♂♂, 12 ♀♀) TAJIKISTAN • 6 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; 1600 – 1900 m a. s. l.; SMNH • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Hazratisho Mts, Yahsu Canyon, Kapar (Sangdara) Gorge, near Sangdara Village; 38 ° 21.8 ′ N, 70 ° 09.9 ′ E; 1450 – 1800 m a. s. l.; 15 Oct. 1987; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH • 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding, Iokunj Gorge; 38 ° 23 ′ N, 70 ° 09 ′ E; 1700 m a. s. l.; 18 May 2002; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; Peter I Mts, Childara Canyon, Shahobdara Gorge, 4 km NNW of Shahob Village; 38 ° 51 ′ N, 70 ° 18 ′ E; 1900 – 2100 m a. s. l.; 12 Jul. 1988; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH • 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding, 2.5 km N of Shahob Village; 38 ° 50 ′ N, 70 ° 19 ′ E; 1800 m a. s. l.; 8 Jul. 2019; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH. Additional material (1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, 1 ♀ subad., 1 juv.) TAJIKISTAN • 1 ♀, 1 juv.; Vahsh Mts, Shuro Gorge; 38 ° 31 ′ N, 69 ° 46 ′ E; 1700 m a. s. l.; 20 Oct. 1968; E. M. Andreeva leg.; MIZW • 1 ♂, 1 ♀ subad.; Darvaz Mts (northern slope), environs of Miyonadu Village; [38 ° 50 ′ N, 70 ° 53 ′ E]; 3200 m a. s. l.; 1 – 30 Jun. 1968; V. I. Chikatunov leg.; MIZW • 1 ♀; Western Pamir, Darvaz Mts (southern slope), Obiviskharvi Canyon, surroundings of Ubagan Village; 38 ° 32 ′ N, 71 ° 03 ′ E; 1950 – 2100 m a. s. l.; 15 Jul. 1988; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235533FFA6FD9FE30DFCF3CC9A.taxon	description	Description Male (holotype) HABITUS. See Figs 5, 70. MEASUREMENTS. TBL 13.80, CL 6.13, CW 5.05, LL 0.43, LW 0.98, SL 3.23, SW 2.67. COLOUR. Carapace laterally, palpal femur, entire leg I and femora II – IV tangerine orange, chelicerae, most part of cephalic portion, thoracic fovea and radial grooves of carapace darker reddish brown; other segments of palp and legs II – IV yellowish orange; eye tubercle blackish brown; sternum, labium and maxillae light brownish orange; abdomen yellowish brown, with darker brown chevron-like dorsal pattern; spinnerets pale yellowish brown. CEPHALOTHORAX. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in Fig. 87. Clypeus and eye group as in Fig. 141. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.16 (0.22), ALE 0.29, PLE 0.22, PME 0.18; AME – AME 0.16 (0.10), ALE – AME 0.13 (0.10), ALE – PLE 0.16, PLE – PME 0.03, PME – PME 0.37. Anterior cheliceral edge only with slightly thickened setae; rastellum not developed. Intercheliceral tumescence present as a small pallid area with diffuse and weakly discernible borders (as in Fig. 197). Each cheliceral furrow with 9 promarginal teeth and 4 – 5 mesobasal denticles. Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in Fig. 207. Maxillae with 27 – 28 cuspules each. LEGS. Tibia and metatarsus I as in Figs 263, 293. Scopula: entire and distal on metatarsi I – II; entire on tarsus I; narrowly divided with setae on tarsus II; widely divided on tarsus III; sparse, mixed with setae and widely divided on tarsus IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 8 – 9 on tibiae, 13 – 18 on metatarsi, 11 – 15 on tarsi, 9 – 10 on cymbium. PTC I – IV with 10 – 12 teeth on each margin. SPINATION. Palp: femur d 3 (2), pd 2, rd 1; patella p 1; tibia d 3, p 2, rd 2, v 6; cymbium d 12 (15). Leg I: femur d 4, pd 2, rd 4 (2); patella p 2; tibia p 2, pv 1, r 2 (1), rv 2 + 2 M; metatarsus v 1 a. Leg II: femur d 4, pd 3, rd 4 (3); patella p 3; tibia p 3, v 8; metatarsus p 1, v 6. Leg III: femur d 4, pd 3, rd 2; patella p 2, r 1; tibia d 3, p 2, r 3, v 7; metatarsus d 4 (2), p 4, r 3, v 7. Leg IV: femur d 4, pd 3, rd 3; patella p 2, r 2; tibia p 3, pd 1, r 3, v 9 (7); metatarsus d 2 (1), p 4, r 3, v 8. Tarsi I – IV aspinose. PALP. Tibia, cymbium and copulatory bulb as shown in Fig. 354. Embolus with long basal portion provided with low keel and short hooked apical part (Figs 389 – 391). SPINNERETS. See Fig. 563. PMS: length 0.44, diameter 0.17. PLS: maximal diameter 0.52; length of basal, medial and apical segments 1.02, 0.61, 0.52; total length 2.15; apical segment triangular. Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total Palp 3.76 (3.73) 1.69 (2.09) 2.96 (2.39) – 1.02 (2.06) 10.43 (9.23) Leg I 5.73 (4.83) 2.84 (2.86) 3.97 (3.25) 4.28 (2.69) 2.49 (1.78) 19.31 (15.41) Leg II 5.12 (4.66) 2.47 (2.53) 3.61 (3.09) 3.89 (2.62) 2.49 (1.84) 17.58 (14.74) Leg III 4.27 (3.84) 1.98 (2.23) 2.87 (2.44) 3.77 (3.12) 2.40 (2.11) 15.29 (13.74) Leg IV 5.57 (5.01) 2.51 (2.58) 4.23 (3.51) 5.84 (4.45) 2.83 (2.47) 20.98 (18.02) Female (paratype from Mullokoni Canyon) HABITUS. See Figs 39, 69. MEASUREMENTS. TBL 16.10, CL 6.82, CW 5.94, LL 0.61, LW 1.34, SL 3.54, SW 3.18. COLOUR. Similar to that of male, but cephalic portion of carapace only slightly darkened. CEPHALOTHORAX. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in Fig. 114. Clypeus and eye group as in Fig. 170. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.14 (0.20), ALE 0.32, PLE 0.20, PME 0.17; AME-AME 0.17 (0.11), ALE-AME 0.13 (0.10), ALE-PLE 0.11, PLE-PME 0.05, PME-PME 0.52. Cheliceral rastellum underdeveloped as in male. Each cheliceral furrow with 9 promarginal teeth and 6 – 7 mesobasal denticles. Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in Fig. 233. Labium with 1 cuspule. Maxillae with 38 – 41 cuspules each. LEGS. Tibia and metatarsus IV without modified hairs (Fig. 312). Scopula: distal on metatarsi I – II; entire on palpal tarsus and tarsus I; widely divided with setae on tarsus II; sparse and widely divided by setae on tarsus III; vestigial on tarsus IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 8 – 10 each on tibiae, 13 – 16 on metatarsi; 12 – 15 on tarsi. Palpal claw with 4 promarginal teeth. PTC I – IV with 6 – 8 teeth on each margin. SPINATION. All femora with one basodorsal spine and 2 – 3 median and / or apical bristles; palpal patella, patellae I – II, and tarsi I – IV aspinose. Palp: femur pd 2; tibia v 5; tarsus v 2. Leg I: femur pd 2; tibia v 3; metatarsus v 6 (5). Leg II: femur pd 3; tibia p 1, v 3; metatarsus v 6. Leg III: femur pd 3, rd 3 (2); patella p 2, r 2; tibia d 1, p 2, r 2, v 7 (6); metatarsus p 3 (2), pd 2, r 3 (2), v 7. Leg IV: femur pd 1 (0), rd 1; patella r 1; tibia p 2, r 3, v 7; metatarsus p 3, r 4, v 8. SPERMATHECAE. Each of paired spermathecae U-shaped with very low triangular base carrying two branches, unequal to each other: thicker and straight or slightly curved inner branch, and slender and fairly twisted outer one (Fig. 494). SPINNERETS. See Fig. 564. PMS: length 0.69, diameter 0.28. PLS: length of basal, medial and apical segments 1.06, 0.56, 0.32; total length 1.94; apical segment triangular. Variation Carapace length in males (n = 10) varies from 4.97 to 6.20, in females (n = 10) from 5.67 to 8.48. The corresponding variations are shown for: the habitus and colouration – in Figs 6, 40, 66; the carapace, eye group and sternum – in Figs 88, 115, 142, 171, 234; the male tibia and metatarsus I – in Figs 264 and 294; the trichobothria, tarsal organ and claws of female tarsus I – in Figs 328 – 333; the male palp and copulatory bulb – in Figs 355, 392 – 396, 469 – 470; the spinnerets – in Figs 482 – 484, 565 – 567; the spermathecae – in Figs 495 – 499.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235533FFA6FD9FE30DFCF3CC9A.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology The species generally occurs in the midland montane zone, where it inhabits small riverside and slope woodlands (dominated by Juglans regia L., Juniperus seravschanica Kom., Acer spp. and Populus spp.) which are generally interspersed with a tall shrubland. Along the valleys of mountain streams, the spiders can penetrate into the subalpine and alpine zones. These spiders were observed hiding under rocks in the most humid microhabitats. Raveniola cucullata sp. nov. sympatrically shares the same biotopes together with R. dolosa sp. nov. and R. pamira sp. nov. in Peter I Mts and Darvaz Mts, and together with R. ignobilis sp. nov. and R. ornatula sp. nov. in Hozratisho Mts. See Figs 629 – 646.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235533FFA6FD9FE30DFCF3CC9A.taxon	distribution	Distribution Tajikistan: Vahsh Mts, Hazretisho Mts, Peter I Mts and Darvaz Mts, the northwestern and western branches of the Pamirs mountain system. See Fig. 651.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235536FFA4FD6EE5D5FD49CAC0.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 7 EC 137 C 9 - 9 E 8 D- 4 B 2 C- 8309 - 358072 F 8 FF 08 Figs 7, 41, 71, 89, 116, 143, 172, 208, 235, 265, 295, 356, 379 – 399, 500 – 503, 568 – 570, 643 – 650, 751	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235536FFA4FD6EE5D5FD49CAC0.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis In the structure of the embolus and the spermathecae, Raveniola dolosa sp. nov. resembles R. ignobilis sp. nov.; it can be distinguished from the latter in having the embolus lacking a raised keel and in possessing noticeably shorter spermathecae (vs a clearly keeled embolus and longer branches of the spermathecae in R. ignobilis; Figs 397 – 399, 500 – 503 cf. Figs 403 – 408, 509). Additionally, R. dolosa differs from R. ignobilis in having the posterior medium spinnerets strictly reduced in size (vs considerably larger PMS in the latter species; Figs 568 – 570 cf. Figs 573 – 574).	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235536FFA4FD6EE5D5FD49CAC0.taxon	etymology	Etymology The specific epithet is a Latin adjective ‘ dolosus / - a / - um ’ (= deceptive) referring to a general similarity of this new species to the closest congeners, Raveniola ignobilis sp. nov. and R. sororcula sp. nov.; the gender is feminine.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235536FFA4FD6EE5D5FD49CAC0.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Holotype TAJIKISTAN • ♂; Peter I Mts, Childara Canyon, Shahobdara Gorge, 4 km NNW of Shahob Village; 38 ° 51 ′ N, 70 ° 18 ′ E; 1900 m a. s. l.; 12 Jul. 1988; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH. Paratypes (13 ♀♀) TAJIKISTAN • 11 ♀♀; same locality as for holotype; 1900 – 2100 m a. s. l.; 12 – 13 Jul. 1988; S. Zonstein and S. V. Ovchinnikov leg.; SMNH • 2 ♀♀; same locality as for holotype, 2.5 km N of Shahob Village; 38 ° 50 ′ N, 70 ° 19 ′ E; 1800 m a. s. l.; 8 Jul. 2019; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235536FFA4FD6EE5D5FD49CAC0.taxon	description	Description Male (holotype) HABITUS. See Fig. 7. MEASUREMENTS. TBL 12.55, CL 5.24, CW 4.97, LL 0.50, LW 0.87, SL 2.51, SW 2.41. COLOUR. Carapace, chelicerae and leg I dull reddish brown; palps and legs II – IV lighter reddish brown; eye tubercle dark brown; sternum, labium and maxillae light yellowish brown; abdomen tan brown, with dark brown dorsal chevron-like pattern and a few small brown marks on ventral side; book-lungs and spinnerets pale yellowish brown. CEPHALOTHORAX. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in Fig. 89. Clypeus and eye group as in Fig. 143. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.14 (0.20), ALE 0.26, PLE 0.16, PME 0.12; AME – AME 0.10 (0.05), ALE – AME 0.11 (0.08), ALE – PLE 0.10, PLE – PME 0.06, PME – PME 0.37. Anterior cheliceral edge with unmodified setae; rastellum not developed. Each cheliceral furrow with 9 promarginal teeth and 3 – 4 mesobasal denticles. MIT indiscernible. Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in Fig. 208. Maxillae with 36 – 39 cuspules each. LEGS. Tibia and metatarsus I as in Figs 265, 295. Scopula: entire and distal on metatarsi I – II; entire on tarsi I – II; narrowly divided by setae on tarsus III; widely divided on tarsus IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 8 – 9 each on tibiae, 12 – 14 on metatarsi, 10 – 11 on tarsi, 7 – 8 on cymbium. PTC I – IV with 9 – 10 and 7 – 8 teeth on inner and outer margins, respectively. SPINATION. All femora with 1 – 2 basodorsal spines and 3 – 4 dorsal bristles; metatarsus I and tarsi I – IV aspinose. Palp: femur pd 2, rd 1; patella pd 1; tibia d 1, p 2, r 3, v 5; cymbium d 4 (5) + 12 – 15 spikes. Leg I: femur pd 3, rd 3; patella p 1; tibia p 2, pv 1, r 2, rv 2 + 2 M. Leg II: femur pd 3; patella p 2; tibia p 3, v 7; metatarsus v 5 (4). Leg III: femur pd 3, rd 2; patella p 2, r 1; tibia d 2 (1), p 4, r 3, v 7; metatarsus d 3, p 4, r 3, v 8. Leg IV: femur pd 3 (2), rd 2 (1); patella p 1, r 1; tibia d 1, p 3, r 3, v 9 (7); metatarsus d 3, p 4 (3), r 5 (4), v 9. PALP. Tibia, cymbium and copulatory bulb as shown in Fig. 356. Embolus with moderately long basal portion provided with very low keel and short, hooked apical part (Figs 397 – 399). SPINNERETS. See Fig. 568. PMS: length 0.36, diameter 0.16. PLS: maximal diameter 0.49; length of basal, medial and apical segments 0.75, 0.43, 0.38; total length 1.56; apical segment triangular. Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total Palp 3.13 (2.79) 1.61 (1.58) 2.49 (1.89) – 0.83 (1.92) 8.06 (8.18) Leg I 5.65 (3.70) 2.94 (2.43) 4.32 (2.88) 4.07 (2.21) 2.43 (1.71) 19.41 (12.93) Leg II 5.26 (3.36) 2.58 (2.16) 3.94 (2.56) 3.93 (2.20) 2.29 (1.79) 18.02 (12.07) Leg III 4.35 (3.09) 2.07 (1.81) 2.96 (2.04) 4.14 (2.72) 2.14 (1.87) 15.66 (11.53) Leg IV 5.46 (3.98) 2.46 (2.18) 4.08 (3.31) 5.82 (3.66) 2.78 (2.04) 20.60 (15.17) Female (paratype) HABITUS. See Fig. 41. MEASUREMENTS. TBL 15.60, CL 5.26, CW 4.53, LL 0.87, LW 1.11, SL 2.76, SW 2.48. COLOUR. Similar to that of male, but carapace and legs slightly paler. CEPHALOTHORAX. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in Fig. 116. Clypeus and eye group as in Fig. 172. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.13 (0.18), ALE 0.25, PLE 0.18, PME 0.16; AME – AME 0.12 (0.07), ALE – AME 0.10 (0.07), ALE – PLE 0.09, PLE – PME 0.05, PME – PME 0.35. Cheliceral rastellum absent. Each cheliceral furrow with 9 promarginal teeth and 9 – 10 mesobasal denticles. Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in Fig. 235. Maxillae with ca 70 cuspules each. LEGS. Scopula: distal on metatarsi I – II; entire on palpal tarsus and tarsus I; widely divided by setae on tarsus II; rudimentary on tarsi III – IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 11 – 12 each on tibiae, 16 – 18 on metatarsi; 13 – 15 on tarsi; 11 on palpal tarsus. Palpal claw with 5 promarginal teeth. PTC I – II and III – IV with 4 – 5 and 5 – 7 teeth on each margin, respectively. SPINATION. All femora with one basodorsal spine and 3 dorsal bristles; palpal patella, patellae I – II, and tarsi I – IV aspinose. Palp: femur pd 1; tibia p 1, v 7; tarsus v 3. Leg I: femur pd 1; tibia v 6; metatarsus v 6. Leg II: femur pd 1; tibia p 2, v 6; metatarsus v 6. Leg III: femur pd 2, rd 2; patella p 2, r 1; tibia d 1, p 2, r 2 (1), v 7; metatarsus d 3 (2), p 3, r 3, v 9 (8). Leg IV: femur rd 1; patella r 1; tibia p 2, r 2, v 7; metatarsus p 3, r 3, v 8 (7). SPERMATHECAE. Each of paired spermathecae V-shaped with relatively low and wide base carrying two densely located, short and weakly diverging branches (Fig. 500). SPINNERETS. See Figs 569 – 570. PMS: length 0.47, diameter 0.15. PLS: maximal diameter 0.57; length of basal, medial and apical segments 0.98, 0.42, 0.43; total length 1.83; apical segment triangular. Variation Carapace length varies in females (n = 9) from 4.30 to 6.17. Variations in the habitus and structure of the spermathecae as shown in Figs 71, 501 – 503.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235536FFA4FD6EE5D5FD49CAC0.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology All spiders were found hiding in soil cavities under stones in riverside woodlands, dominated by Juniperus seravschanica, Juglans regia and Populus sp. (Figs 643 – 650).	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235536FFA4FD6EE5D5FD49CAC0.taxon	distribution	Distribution Known only from the type locality. See Fig. 751.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235534FF9BFD64E3F0FBA8CF09.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: A 86 FF 08 F-F 3 AD- 4 AB 3 - B 399 - 7 ACC 509 D 3548 Figs 8, 42, 67 – 68, 90, 117, 144, 173 – 174, 209, 236, 266, 296, 313 – 314, 357, 400 – 402, 504 – 508, 571 – 572, 651 – 658, 752	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235534FF9BFD64E3F0FBA8CF09.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Within the concolor species group of Raveniola, the holotype male of R. hirta sp. nov. is well distinguishable, because it possesses the shortest embolus, compared to other species (Figs 400 – 402 cf. Figs 385 – 399, 403 – 428); it also has long modified hairs on the tibia and metatarsus IV, as shown in Fig. 313 (vs their presence in those species, where these hairs are known, only in females). Considering the last character, this new species shares with R. afghana sp. nov., R. alajensis sp. nov. and R. karategensis sp. nov. the presence of long modified hairs on the female tibia and metatarsus IV. Females of R. hirta can be distinguished from those of R. alajensis and R. karategensis by having a uniformly coloured (vs fairly ornamented) abdomen (Figs 42, 67 – 68 cf. Figs 38, 44, 65), and from those of R. afghana sp. nov. in possessing much shorter spermathecae provided with clearly wider inner branches (Figs 504 – 508 cf. Figs 489 – 490).	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235534FF9BFD64E3F0FBA8CF09.taxon	etymology	Etymology The specific epithet is an adjective referring to a hirsute (Latin: ‘ hirt-us / - a / - um ’) leg IV in this species, densely covered with elongated fine hairs in females and to a lesser extent in males; the gender is feminine.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235534FF9BFD64E3F0FBA8CF09.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Holotype TAJIKISTAN • ♂; Darvaz Mts (northern slope), upper part of Zidadara Canyon, 2.5 km NNE of Haburabot Pass; 38 ° 38.8 ′ N, 70 ° 43.6 ′ E; 2900 m a. s. l.; 13 Jul. 1988; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH. Paratypes (28 ♀♀) TAJIKISTAN • 7 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; 2900 – 3300 m a. s. l.; SMNH • 6 ♀♀; same locality as for holotype; 2850 m a. s. l.; 11 Jul. 2019; S. Zonstein and A. Hakimov leg.; SMNH • 7 ♀♀; Darvaz Mts (top watershed zone), Haburabot Pass; 38 ° 37.229 ′ N, 70 ° 43.135 ′ E; 3300 m a. s. l.; subalpine meadow-steppe; 26 – 27 Jul. 2023; A. A. Fomichev leg.; ISEA • 6 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; ZMMU • 2 ♀♀; Darvaz Mts (southern slope), Obiviskharvi Canyon; 38 ° 34 ′ N, 71 ° 03 ′ E; 3000 – 3300 m a. s. l.; 14 Jul. 1988; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235534FF9BFD64E3F0FBA8CF09.taxon	description	Description Male (holotype) HABITUS. See Fig. 8. MEASUREMENTS. TBL 17.40, CL 6.83, CW 6.27, LL 0.55, LW 1.00, SL 3.57, SW 2.97. COLOUR. Carapace laterally and posteriorly, palpal femur, entire leg I and femora II – IV cherry red, chelicerae, most part of cephalic portion, thoracic fovea and radial grooves of carapace darker reddish brown; other segments of palp and legs II – IV dark yellowish orange; clypeus and eye tubercle blackish brown; sternum, labium, maxillae and ventral surface of abdomen including spinnerets yellowish brown; abdomen dorsally uniformly brown. CEPHALOTHORAX. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in Fig. 90. Clypeus and eye group as in Fig. 144. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.16 (0.20), ALE 0.27, PLE 0.25, PME 0.16; AME – AME 0.17 (0.13), ALE – AME 0.14 (0.12), ALE – PLE 0.13, PLE – PME 0.06, PME – PME 0.55. Chelicerae with weak rastellum composed in each basal segment of 35 – 40 thickened spikes in front of fang base. Each cheliceral furrow with 8 promarginal teeth and 4 – 5 mesobasal denticles. MIT indiscernible. Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in Fig. 209. Maxillae with 30 – 35 cuspules each. LEGS. Tibia and metatarsus I as in Figs 266, 296. Tibia and metatarsus IV covered with modified hairs (Fig. 313). Scopula: entire and distal on metatarsi I – II; entire on tarsi I – II; entire but mixed with setae on tarsus III; sparse and widely divided on tarsus IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 8 – 11 each on tibiae, 16 – 19 on metatarsi, 12 – 17 on tarsi, 10 – 11 on cymbium. PTC I – IV with 7 – 8 teeth on each margin. SPINATION. Metatarsus I and tarsi I – IV aspinose. Palp: femur d 4, pd 1, rd 1; patella p 2; tibia d 6, p 3, r 3, v 5; cymbium d 4 – 5 normal + 10 – 15 small. Leg I: femur d 4; patella p 1; tibia p 3, pv 3, r 2, rv 2 + 2 M. Leg II: femur d 4, pd 3 (2), rd 2; patella p 3 (2); tibia p 3, v 8 (7); metatarsus p 3, v 6. Leg III: femur d 4, pd 3, rd 3; patella p 2 (1), r 1; tibia d 3, p 3, r 3, v 7; metatarsus p 5, pd 3, r 3, v 6. Leg IV: femur d 4 (3), pd 3, rd 3 (2); patella p 1, r 1; tibia p 3, r 3, v 8 (7); metatarsus p 3, pd 3, r 5, v 8. PALP. Tibia, cymbium and copulatory bulb as shown in Fig. 357. Embolus short with basal portion provided with low keel and with hooked apical part (Figs 400 – 404). SPINNERETS. See Fig. 571. PMS: length 0.39, diameter 0.16. PLS: maximal diameter 0.67; length of basal, medial and apical segments 0.77, 0.42, 0.41; total length 1.60; apical segment triangular. Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total Palp 3.83 (3.69) 1.85 (1.81) 3.04 (2.38) – 1.08 (2.37) 9.80 (10.25) Leg I 6.25 (5.32) 3.43 (2.95) 4.72 (3.62) 4.97 (3.24) 2.80 (2.29) 22.17 (17.42) Leg II 5.76 (4.79) 3.04 (2.58) 4.10 (2.97) 4.68 (2.99) 2.64 (2.26) 20.22 (15.59) Leg III 4.69 (3.99) 2.41 (2.18) 3.30 (2.48) 4.41 (3.15) 2.27 (1.96) 17.08 (13.76) Leg IV 6.34 (5.75) 3.11 (3.21) 5.16 (4.49) 6.83 (5.23) 3.12 (2.97) 24.56 (21.65) Female (paratype) HABITUS. See Fig. 42. MEASUREMENTS. TBL 16.40, CL 6.41, CW 5.56, LL 0.66, LW 1.30, SL 3.49, SW 3.10. COLOUR. Carapace, palpal femur and femora I – IV dark brownish orange; other segments of palp and legs I – IV lighter brownish orange; chelicerae dark cherry red; eye tubercle with wide and partially fused blackish brown rings around eyes; sternum, labium, maxillae and ventral surface of abdomen including spinnerets yellowish brown; abdomen dorsally uniformly brown as in male. CEPHALOTHORAX. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in Fig. 117. Clypeus and eye group as in Fig. 173. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.15 (0.21), ALE 0.31, PLE 0.25, PME 0.17; AME – AME 0.16 (0.10), ALE – AME 0.13 (0.10), ALE – PLE 0.14, PLE – PME 0.07, PME – PME 0.47. Chelicerae with weak rastellum composed of 25 – 30 thickened spikes in front of fang base. Each cheliceral furrow with 8 promarginal teeth and 3 – 4 mesobasal denticles. Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in Fig. 236. Maxillae with 29 – 34 cuspules each. LEGS. Tibia and metatarsus IV covered by dense modified hairs as in Fig. 314. Scopula: distal on metatarsi I – II; entire on palpal tarsus and tarsi I – II; widely divided by setae on tarsus III; vestigial on tarsus IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 9 – 11 each on tibiae, 16 – 18 on metatarsi, 14 – 15 on tarsi, 11 on palpal tarsus. Palpal claw with 4 promarginal teeth. PTC I – IV with 8 – 9 teeth on each margin. SPINATION. Palpal femur with 3 – 4 dorsal bristles instead of spines, femora I – IV with one basodorsal spine and 3 – 4 median and / or apical bristles; palpal patella and patellae I, II and IV, and tarsi I – IV aspinose. Palp: femur pd 1; tibia v 7 (6); tarsus v 2. Leg I: femur pd 2; tibia v 4; metatarsus v 5. Leg II: femur pd 3; tibia v 4 (3); metatarsus v 6. Leg III: femur pd 2 (1), rd 3 (2); patella p 2, r 1; tibia p 2 (1), r 2, v 6 (5); metatarsus p 3, pd 2, rd 3, v 7. Leg IV: femur rd 1; tibia v 6; metatarsus r 1, v 9. SPERMATHECAE. Each of paired spermathecae asymmetrical with relatively short and wide base carrying two diverging branches: massive trapezoidal inner branch and thin spindle-like outer one (Fig. 508). SPINNERETS. See Fig. 572. PMS: length 0.58, diameter 0.28. PLS: length of basal, medial and apical segments 1.31, 0.67, 0.66; total length 2.64; apical segment triangular. Variation Carapace length in females (n = 11) varies from 5.18 to 7.07. For female paratypes, the variations in their colouration, structure of the eye group and conformation of the spermathecae are shown in Figs 67 – 68, 174, 504 – 507.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235534FF9BFD64E3F0FBA8CF09.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology The species inhabits short-grass meadows and meadow-steppes in the subalpine and alpine zones. All spiders, including the holotype male, were collected from their relatively deep (of 35 – 45 cm depth) burrows. See Figs 651 – 658.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235534FF9BFD64E3F0FBA8CF09.taxon	distribution	Distribution Known from two highland localities in Darvaz Mts, Tajikistan (Fig. 752).	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B723550BFF99FD9BE6A5FC99CDAC.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 17 DD 6055 - 088 F- 4 BEF-A 1 D 6 - DD 4686 AF 191 C Figs 9, 43, 91, 118, 145, 175, 198, 210, 237, 267, 297, 315, 358 – 359, 403 – 408, 509, 573 – 574, 629 – 631, 752	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B723550BFF99FD9BE6A5FC99CDAC.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Due to its relatively short copulatory bulb, males of Raveniola ignobilis sp. nov. resemble the holotype of R. dolosa sp. nov., but differ from the latter in possessing two raised opposite keels in the proximal part of the embolus (Figs 403 – 408 cf. Figs 397 – 399). The conspecific females are distinguishable by a specific structure of their spermathecae, with long inner and outer branches set very close to each other (Fig. 509) vs differently arranged branches in other related species, where these branches are either shorter (Figs 500 – 503, 524 – 525) or broader spaced (Figs 495 – 499, 520 – 523).	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B723550BFF99FD9BE6A5FC99CDAC.taxon	etymology	Etymology The specific epithet is a Latin adjective meaning ‘ obscure’, ‘ inglorious’ and referring to a rather middling (or averaged) appearance of these congeners.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B723550BFF99FD9BE6A5FC99CDAC.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Holotype TAJIKISTAN • ♂; Hazratisho Mts, Kapar (Sangdara) Gorge, environs of Sangdara Village; 38 ° 22 ′ N, 70 ° 10 ′ E; 1650 m a. s. l.; 15 Oct. 1987; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH. Paratypes (4 ♂♂, 1 ♀, 1 ♀ subad.) TAJIKISTAN • 4 ♂♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 1450 – 1800 m a. s. l.; SMNH • 1 ♀ subad.; same collection data as for preceding, Iokunj Gorge; 38 ° 23 ′ N, 70 ° 09 ′ E; 1700 m a. s. l.; 18 May 2002; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH. Additional material (1 ♀ subad., 1 juv.) TAJIKISTAN • 1 ♀ subad.; Hazratisho Mts., 25 km E of Muminabad Town; 24 May 1966; E. M. Andreeva leg.; MIZW • 1 juv.; Darvaz Mts, Hirakdara Canyon between Kalai-Husain and Safedoron Villages; 2300 m a. s. l.; Juniperus park forest; 4 Jul. 1970; E. M. Andreeva leg.; MIZW.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B723550BFF99FD9BE6A5FC99CDAC.taxon	description	Description Male (holotype) HABITUS. See Fig. 9. MEASUREMENTS. TBL 14.40, CL 5.96, CW 5.59, LL 0.45, LW 0.89, SL 3.16, SW 2.87. COLOUR. Carapace and leg I from femur to basal metatarsus intensely brownish orange; other parts of leg I, and entire palps and legs II – IV, as well as sternum, labium and maxillae lighter brownish orange; eye tubercle with eyes surrounded with partially fused blackish rings, chelicerae light cherry red, abdomen pale greyish brown, dorsally with diffuse and weakly developed brownish chevron-like pattern; book-lungs and spinnerets very pale greyish yellow. CEPHALOTHORAX. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in Fig. 91. Clypeus and eye group as in Fig. 145. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.15 (0.20), ALE 0.27, PLE 0.22, PME 0.16; AME – AME 0.14 (0.09), ALE – AME 0.09 (0.06), ALE – PLE 0.09, PLE – PME 0.04, PME – PME 0.32. Anterior cheliceral edge with unmodified setae; rastellum not developed. Each cheliceral furrow with 9 promarginal teeth and 5 – 6 mesobasal denticles. Presumed intercheliceral tumescence poorly discernible, small, maculate and setose (Fig. 198). Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in Fig. 210. Maxillae with ca 60 cuspules each. LEGS. Tibia and metatarsus I as in Figs 267, 297. Scopula: entire and distal on metatarsi I – II; entire on tarsi I – II; widely divided on tarsi III – IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 9 – 10 each on tibiae, 13 – 15 on metatarsi, 12 – 13 on tarsi, 10 on cymbium. PTC I – II and III – IV with 8 – 9 and 10 – 12 teeth on each margin, respectively. SPINATION. Palp: femur d 4, pd 1, rd 1; patella pd 1; tibia d 4, p 3, r 1, v 6; cymbium d 3 (5) + 20 – 25 spikes. Leg I: femur d 2 + 2 bristles, pd 3; patella p 1; tibia p 2, pv 2, rv 2 + 2 M. Leg II: femur d 2 + 2 bristles, pd 3; patella p 1; tibia p 3, v 7; metatarsus p 1, v 5. Leg III: femur d 4, pd 3, rd 2; patella p 2 (1), r 1; tibia d 4, p 4, r 3, v 7; metatarsus d 4, p 4, r 3, v 6. Leg IV: femur d 3, pd 3, rd 2; patella p 2, r 1; tibia d 3, p 4, r 3, v 7; metatarsus d 1, p 4, r 3, v 8. Tarsi I – IV aspinose. PALP. Tibia, cymbium and copulatory bulb as shown in Figs 358 – 359. Embolus with long basal portion provided with low keel and short hooked apical part (Figs 403 – 405). SPINNERETS. See Fig. 573. PMS: length 0.48, diameter 0.14. PLS: maximal diameter 0.51; length of basal, medial and apical segments 0.80, 0.49, 0.37; total length 1.66; apical segment triangular. Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total Palp 3.74 (3.74) 1.89 (2.02) 2.92 (2.42) – 0.97 (2.11) 9.52 (10.29) Leg I 6.09 (4.84) 3.13 (2.96) 4.80 (3.52) 4.65 (2.64) 2.59 (1.77) 21.26 (15.73) Leg II 5.70 (4.41) 2.81 (2.59) 4.58 (3.18) 4.39 (2.72) 2.55 (1.78) 20.03 (14.68) Leg III 4.97 (3.72) 2.09 (2.01) 3.53 (2.45) 4.36 (3.17) 2.57 (1.93) 17.52 (13.28) Leg IV 6.03 (4.87) 2.49 (2.62) 4.79 (3.51) 6.52 (4.55) 3.01 (2.43) 22.84 (17.98) Female (paratype) HABITUS. See Fig. 43. MEASUREMENTS. TBL 16.60, CL 6.14, CW 5.58, LL 0.69, LW 1.19, SL 3.17, SW 2.86. COLOUR. Similar to that of male, but dorsal abdominal chevron-like pattern darker and better developed. CEPHALOTHORAX. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in Fig. 118. Clypeus and eye group as in Fig. 175. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.16 (0.22), ALE 0.30, PLE 0.17, PME 0.16; AME – AME 0.11 (0.05), ALE – AME 0.10 (0.07), ALE – PLE 0.09, PLE – PME 0.03, PME – PME 0.43. Cheliceral rastellum absent. Each cheliceral furrow with 8 – 9 promarginal teeth and 5 – 6 mesobasal denticles. Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in Fig. 237. Maxillae with 56 – 57 cuspules each. LEGS. Tibia and metatarsus IV as shown in Fig. 315. Scopula: distal on metatarsi I – II; entire on palpal tarsus and tarsi I – II; sparse and widely divided by setae on tarsus III; rudimentary on tarsus IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 7 – 8 each on tibiae, 13 – 15 on metatarsi, 12 – 14 on tarsi. Palpal claw with 4 promarginal teeth. PTC I – II and III – IV with 4 – 5 / 5 – 6 and 6 – 7 / 8 – 9 teeth on inner / outer margins, respectively. SPINATION. All femora with one basodorsal spine and 3 – 4 median and / or apical bristles; palpal patella, patella I, and tarsi I – IV aspinose. Palp: femur pd 1; tibia v 7 (6); tarsus v 3 (2). Leg I: femur pd 2; tibia v 3; metatarsus v 6. Leg II: femur pd 3; patella p 1; tibia p 2, v 3; metatarsus v 6. Leg III: femur pd 3, rd 3 (2); patella p 2, r 1; tibia d 1, p 2, r 2, v 7; metatarsus d 4, p 3, r 3, v 7. Leg IV: femur pd 1, rd 1; patella p 1, r 1; tibia d 1, p 3, r 3, v 7; metatarsus d 1, p 4, r 4, v 8. SPERMATHECAE. Each of paired spermathecae V-shaped with relatively short and wide base carrying two closely arosing, equally thick, long and weakly diverging branches (Fig. 509). SPINNERETS. See Fig. 574. PMS: length 0.61, diameter 0.23. PLS: maximal diameter 0.63; length of basal, medial and apical segments 1.06, 0.56, 0.28; total length 1.90; apical segment triangular. Variation Carapace length in the paratype males (n = 4) varies from 5.49 to 6.96. Some variations in the structure of the copulatory bulb as shown in Figs 406 – 408.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B723550BFF99FD9BE6A5FC99CDAC.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology The spiders were collected from their retreats under stones in different montane biotopes, mostly from the mixed woodlands at 1400 – 2300 m, dominated by Juglans regia and Juniperus seravschanica (Figs 629 – 631).	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B723550BFF99FD9BE6A5FC99CDAC.taxon	distribution	Distribution Tajikistan: Hazratisho and Darvaz Mts. See Fig. 752.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235509FF9EFD94E31FFCF7C9B2.taxon	description	Figs 10, 92, 146, 211, 268, 360, 409 – 411, 575, 677, 752	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235509FF9EFD94E31FFCF7C9B2.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Habitually, as well as in the structure of the copulatory bulb, the only known male of Raveniola insolita sp. nov. resembles males of R. alajensis sp. nov. and R. cucullata sp. nov. (Figs 10, 411 cf. Figs 4 – 6, 387, 393 – 396). However, it differs from the two latter species in having either a noticeably thinner proximal section of the embolus, additionally lacking a raised keel, or a considerably longer palpal tibia, compared with R. alajensis and R. cucullata, respectively (vs a thicker embolus provided with a long raised keel and a clearly shorter palpal tibia; see Figs 360, 409 – 410 cf. Figs 352, 354 – 355, 385 – 386).	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235509FF9EFD94E31FFCF7C9B2.taxon	etymology	Etymology The specific epithet ‘ insolita ’ is a Latin adjective (of the feminine gender) that means ‘ odd, different, unusual’ and refers to the unusual male characters of the holotype (which are intermediate between those in Raveniola alajensis sp. nov. and R. cucullata sp. nov., although the two latter species are not very closely related to one another).	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235509FF9EFD94E31FFCF7C9B2.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Holotype TAJIKISTAN • ♂; Peter I Mts, environs of Yashilkul (also Yashnylkul) Lake; ca 39 ° 07 ′ N, 71 ° 18 ′ E; 3300 – 3400 m a. s. l.; 29 Jul. 1891; B. Grąbczewski leg.; ZISP.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235509FF9EFD94E31FFCF7C9B2.taxon	description	Description Male (paratype) HABITUS. See Fig. 10. MEASUREMENTS. TBL 14.65, CL 6.58, CW 5.70, LL 0.49, LW 1.03, SL 3.38, SW 2.92. COLOUR. Carapace, palps and legs dark foxy brown (legs I – II slightly darker than palps and legs III – IV); eye tubercle blackish brown; chelicerae medium reddish brown; sternum, labium, maxillae and abdomen including spinnerets paler yellowish brown; darker chevron-like dorsal abdominal pattern medium brown. CEPHALOTHORAX. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in Fig. 92. Clypeus and eye group as in Fig. 146. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.18 (0.23), ALE 0.26, PLE 0.19, PME 0.18; AME – AME 0.16 (0.11), ALE – AME 0.13 (0.11), ALE – PLE 0.13, PLE – PME 0.05, PME – PME 0.42. Anterior cheliceral edge with 30 – 35 slightly thickened spikes. Each cheliceral furrow with 8 promarginal teeth and 3 – 4 mesobasal denticles. MIT indiscernible. Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in Fig. 211. Maxillae with 30 – 31 cuspules each. LEGS. Tibia and metatarsus I as in Fig. 268. Scopula: entire distal on metatarsi I – II; entire on tarsi I – II; narrowly divided with setae on tarsus III; sparse and widely divided on tarsus IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 8 – 10 on tibiae, 14 – 18 on metatarsi, 15 – 16 on tarsi, 8 – 9 on cymbium. PTC I – IV with 9 – 12 teeth on each margin. Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total Palp 4.11 2.09 3.35 – 1.01 10.56 Leg I 6.09 3.15 4.28 5.11 2.78 21.41 Leg II 5.56 2.93 4.12 4.43 2.79 19.83 Leg III 4.82 2.47 3.02 4.35 2.57 17.23 Leg IV 6.11 3.06 4.51 6.13 3.06 22.87 SPINATION. Palp: femur d 3, pd 2; patella pd 1; tibia d 4, p 3, r 3, v 6; cymbium d ~ 25 spikes. Leg I: femur d 4, pd 3, rd 3; patella p 2; tibia p 2, pv 3, r 3, rv 2 + 2 M; metatarsus v 1. Leg II: femur d 4, pd 3, rd 2; patella p 3; tibia p 2, v 8; metatarsus p 4 (3), v 6. Leg III: femur d 4, pd 3, rd 2; patella p 3, r 1; tibia d 2, pd 3, p 4, r 3, v 7; metatarsus d 3, p 4, r 4, v 7; tarsus p 1 (0), r 1 (0). Leg IV: femur d 4, pd 3, rd 2; patella p 2, r 1; tibia d 2, p 3, r 4 (3), v 9; metatarsus d 2, p 4, r 4, v 8; tarsus p 1, r 1. Tarsi I – II aspinose. PALP. Tibia, cymbium and copulatory bulb as shown in Fig. 360. Embolus with long basal portion provided with rudimentary keel and shorter hooked apical part (Figs 409 – 411). SPINNERETS. See Fig. 575. PMS: length 0.52, diameter 0.17. PLS: maximal diameter 0.56; length of basal, medial and apical segments 0.98, 0.60, 0.52; total length 2.10; apical segment triangular. Female Unknown.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235509FF9EFD94E31FFCF7C9B2.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology Judging from the label data, the holotype male was collected in an alpine meadow-steppe biotope at 3300 – 3400 m a. s. l. (such as shown in Fig. 677). Other details remain unknown.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235509FF9EFD94E31FFCF7C9B2.taxon	distribution	Distribution Tajikistan: the eastern part of Peter I Mts. See Fig. 752.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B723550FFF9CFDB3E622FDD9C87E.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 631 DA 123 - F 0 BE- 4 C 2 B-A 58 E-F 073 BB 22 E 75 B Figs 44, 119, 176, 238, 316 – 317, 510 – 512, 576, 659 – 666, 675, 678 – 679, 753	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B723550FFF9CFDB3E622FDD9C87E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis The new species shares with Raveniola afghana sp. nov., R. alajensis sp. nov. and R. hirta sp. nov. the presence of the modified long hairs on the female tibia and metatarsus IV. Females of R. karategensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from those of R. afghana and R. hirta by having a fuzzily ornamented (vs uniformly coloured) abdomen (see Fig. 44 cf. Figs 37, 42), and from females of R. alajensis in possessing a less pronounced abdominal pattern and the distinctly configured spermathecae with wider bases, broadly spaced stalks and clearly wider inner branches (Figs 44, 510 – 512 cf. Figs 38, 491 – 493).	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B723550FFF9CFDB3E622FDD9C87E.taxon	etymology	Etymology The specific epithet is a toponym referring to the range of this species, confined to the historical area Karategin (also Karategen), an eastern province of the Bukhara Emirate in the 19 th century, which included the Karategin Mts and Peter I Mts.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B723550FFF9CFDB3E622FDD9C87E.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Holotype TAJIKISTAN • ♀; Peter I Mts (southern slope), Harvikush Canyon, 35 km ENE of Tavildara Village; 38 ° 52 ′ N, 70 ° 49 ′ E; 1900 – 2200 m a. s. l.; 10 Jul. 2019; S. Zonstein and A. Hakimov leg.; SMNH. Paratypes (10 ♀♀) TAJIKISTAN • 4 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; SMNH • 3 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; 9 Jul. 1978; V. I. Ovcharenko leg.; SMNH • 3 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; ZISP.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B723550FFF9CFDB3E622FDD9C87E.taxon	description	Description Female (holotype) HABITUS. See Fig. 44. MEASUREMENTS. TBL 20.95, CL 7.46, CW 6.10, LL 0.59, LW 1.37, SL 3.88, SW 3.45. COLOUR. Carapace dull reddish brown with clypeus and eye tubercle even darker brown, eyes encircled with partially fused wide blackish brown rings; chelicerae dark cherry red brown; sternum, labium, maxillae, epigastrum, book-lungs and spinnerets light yellowish brown; palps and legs light to medium brownish orange; abdomen medium brown, dorsally with several small light brownish spots and diffuse dark brown chevron-like pattern. CEPHALOTHORAX. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in Fig. 119. Clypeus and eye group as in Fig. 176. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.16 (0.20), ALE 0.28, PLE 0.28, PME 0.19; AME – AME 0.21 (0.17), ALE – AME 0.20 (0.18), ALE – PLE 0.22, PLE – PME 0.09, PME – PME 0.55. Weak rastellum composed of 30 – 40 slightly thickened spikes on anterior cheliceral edge. Each cheliceral furrow with 9 promarginal teeth and 6 – 7 mesobasal denticles. Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in Fig. 238. Maxillae with 26 – 29 cuspules each. LEGS. Tibia and metatarsus IV densely covered with long modified hairs, as shown in Fig. 316. Scopula: entire and distal on metatarsi I – II; entire on palpal tarsus and tarsi I – II; sparse and widely divided by setae on tarsi III – IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 8 – 9 each on tibiae, 15 – 17 on metatarsi, 17 – 20 on tarsi. Palpal claw with 4 promarginal teeth. PTC I – IV with 6 – 7 teeth on each margin. Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total Palp 3.74 1.98 2.47 – 2.47 10.66 Leg I 5.19 2.97 3.63 3.34 2.35 17.48 Leg II 4.61 2.26 2.73 2.92 2.36 14.88 Leg III 4.26 2.23 2.51 3.41 2.19 14.60 Leg IV 5.83 3.12 4.42 5.91 2.96 22.24 SPINATION. All femora with one basodorsal spine and 3 – 4 median and / or apical bristles; tarsi I – IV aspinose. Palp: femur pd 1; patella p 1; tibia p 1 (0), v 6; tarsus v 2. Leg I: femur pd 2; patella p 1; tibia p 1 (0), v 4; metatarsus v 4. Leg II: femur pd 3; patella p 1; tibia p 2, v 6; metatarsus v 7 (6). Leg III: femur pd 4 (3), rd 3; patella p 3, r 2 (1); tibia d 1, p 2, r 3, v 7; metatarsus p 2, r 3, v 7. Leg IV: femur rd 3 (2); patella r 1; tibia r 3, v 7; metatarsus p 2, r 4, v 9. SPERMATHECAE. Each of paired spermathecae U-shaped with a relatively low and wide base carrying two more or less broadly spaced and unevenly shaped branches: a longer and wider trapezoidal inner branch and a more slender, shorter and club-like outer one (Fig. 510). SPINNERETS. See Fig. 576. PMS: length 0.89, diameter 0.36. PLS: length of basal, medial and apical segments 1.55, 0.73, 0.42; total length 2.70; apical segment triangular. Male Unknown. Variation Carapace length in paratype females (n = 7) varies from 6.71 to 7.88. All the examined females are habitually very similar to each other. Variations in the structure of the eye group, tibia and metatarsus IV, and the spermathecae as shown in Figs 177, 317, 511 – 512.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B723550FFF9CFDB3E622FDD9C87E.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology The spiders were found in the midland zone at an altitude of 1900 – 2000 m a. s. l. inhabiting open woodland dominated by Juniperus seravschanica. Females of Raveniola karategensis sp. nov. live in open burrows of 30 – 40 cm depth, provided with a weakly silk-lined entrance rim, walls and living chamber (Figs 659 – 666, 675, 678 – 679).	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B723550FFF9CFDB3E622FDD9C87E.taxon	distribution	Distribution Tajikistan: Peter I Mts. See Fig. 753.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B723550CFF93FD6FE149FD47CD1C.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 2 E 6 AD 8 A 1 - 010 C- 439 E- 8 EA 5 - 3 AD 43 C 180 B 86 Figs 11, 45 – 46, 72, 93, 120, 147, 178, 212, 239, 269, 298, 361, 412 – 414, 513 – 516, 577 – 580, 667 – 673, 753	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B723550CFF93FD6FE149FD47CD1C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis The new species shares with R. ornatula sp. nov. a denser (than usual) dorsal abdominal pattern, a wide roundish sternum, small PMS and an ornamented ventral surface of the abdomen, but can be distinguished from the latter in possessing a sparser ventral abdominal pattern (Figs 11, 45 – 46, 212, 239, 577 – 580 cf. Figs 12, 47, 213, 240, 581 – 583). Males of R. ornata sp. nov. differ from males of R. ornatula in having a long and narrow basal section of the embolus considerably exceeding the tegulum in its length (Figs 412 – 414 cf. Figs 415 – 417). The conspecific females can be distinguished from females of R. ornatula in possessing smaller but more numerous maxillary cuspules, as well as longer and narrower basal (inner) branches of the spermathecae (Figs 239, 513 – 516 cf. Figs 240, 517 – 519).	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B723550CFF93FD6FE149FD47CD1C.taxon	etymology	Etymology The specific epithet is a Latin adjective meaning ‘ ornate’, ‘ ornamented’, ‘ decorated’, and refers to a fine dorsal abdominal pattern characteristic for this species.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B723550CFF93FD6FE149FD47CD1C.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Holotype TAJIKISTAN • ♂; Sanglok Mts, northeastern slope above Sharshar Pass; 38 ° 18 ′ N, 69 ° 14 ′ E; 1880 m a. s. l.; 5 May 1991; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH. Paratypes (1 ♂, 16 ♀♀) TAJIKISTAN • 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; 1600 – 2200 m a. s. l.; 3 – 5 May 1991; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH • 2 ♀♀; Gazimailik Mts, eastern slope, 7 – 8 km WNW of Ganjina Village; 37 ° 59 ′ N, 68 ° 29 ′ E; 1700 – 1800 m a. s. l.; 20 Apr. 1989; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH • 7 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; 1900 – 2050 m a. s. l.; 18 Apr. 1991; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH • 4 ♀♀; Panj Karatau Mts, northeastern slope of Mt Astana; 37 ° 23 ′ N, 69 ° 15 ′ E; 1500 – 1600 m a. s. l.; 25 Apr. 1990; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH. Additional material (2 juvs) TAJIKISTAN • 1 juv.; Vahsh Karatau Mts, northern slope of Mt Hojamaston; 37 ° 59 ′ N, 68 ° 58 ′ E; 1900 m a. s. l.; 24 Apr. 1989; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH. UZBEKISTAN • 1 juv.; Babatag Mts, 2.5 km ESE of Mt Zarkassa; 37 ° 58 ′ N, 68 ° 11 ′ E; 1800 m a. s. l.; 1 May 1995; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B723550CFF93FD6FE149FD47CD1C.taxon	description	Description Male (holotype) HABITUS. See Fig. 11. MEASUREMENTS. TBL 13.25, CL 5.94, CW 5.53, LL 0.43, LW 0.89, SL 2.84, SW 2.70. COLOUR. Carapace and leg I from femur to metatarsus medium foxy brown; tarsus I, and entire palps and legs II – IV lighter foxy brown; eye tubercle with eyes surrounded with partially fused blackish rings, chelicerae light cherry red; sternum, labium and maxillae light brownish orange; abdomen pale yellowish brown with numerous brownish marks forming well-developed reticulate pattern on dorsal side and incomplete spotted pattern on ventral side; book-lungs and spinnerets pale yellowish brown. CEPHALOTHORAX. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in Fig. 93. Clypeus and eye group as in Fig. 147. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.17 (0.23), ALE 0.26, PLE 0.19, PME 0.17; AME – AME 0.15 (0.09), ALE – AME 0.13 (0.10), ALE – PLE 0.10, PLE – PME 0.04, PME – PME 0.48. Anterior cheliceral edge with unmodified setae; rastellum not developed. Each cheliceral furrow with 7 promarginal teeth and 4 – 5 mesobasal denticles. MIT indiscernible. Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in Fig. 212. Maxillae with 28 – 30 cuspules each. LEGS. Tibia and metatarsus I as in Figs 269, 298. Scopula: entire and distal on metatarsi I – II; entire on tarsi I – II; vestigial on tarsi III – IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 9 – 10 each on tibiae, 13 – 15 on metatarsi, 11 – 12 on tarsi, 8 on cymbium. PTC I – IV with 8 – 10 teeth on each margin. SPINATION. Palp: femur d 3, pd 2, rd 1; patella pd 1; tibia d 3, p 3, r 2, v 5; cymbium d 3 (4) + 12 – 15 spikes. Leg I: femur d 3, pd 3; patella p 1; tibia p 2, pv 1, rv 2 + 2 M. Leg II: femur d 3, pd 3, rd 3; patella p 1; tibia p 3, v 7; metatarsus p 1, v 4. Leg III: femur d 4, pd 3, rd 2; patella p 2, r 1; tibia d 4, p 4, r 3, v 7; metatarsus d 4, p 4, r 3, v 7. Leg IV: femur d 4, pd 3, rd 2 (1); patella p 2, r 1; tibia d 2, p 4, r 3, v 8; metatarsus d 5, p 4, r 4, v 9. Metatarsus I and tarsi I – IV aspinose. PALP. Tibia, cymbium and copulatory bulb as shown in Fig. 361. Embolus with long basal portion lacking keel and moderately short twisted apical part (Figs 412 – 414). SPINNERETS. See Fig. 577. PMS: length 0.33, diameter 0.12. PLS: maximal diameter 0.46; length of basal, medial and apical segments 0.76, 0.44, 0.52; total length 1.72; apical segment short digitiform. Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total Palp 3.71 (3.85) 1.78 (2.05) 2.73 (2.69) – 0.99 (2.32) 9.21 (10.91) Leg I 5.97 (5.26) 3.24 (3.31) 4.56 (3.97) 4.93 (3.48) 2.71 (2.28) 21.41 (18.30) Leg II 5.69 (5.02) 2.81 (2.85) 4.30 (3.57) 4.96 (3.44) 2.70 (2.27) 20.46 (17.15) Leg III 4.82 (4.61) 2.45 (2.43) 3.65 (2.97) 5.05 (4.04) 2.59 (2.43) 18.56 (16.48) Leg IV 6.01 (5.93) 2.86 (2.88) 4.66 (4.14) 6.63 (5.69) 2.96 (2.75) 23.12 21.39) Female (paratype from Sanglok Mts) HABITUS. See Fig. 46. MEASUREMENTS. TBL 19.85, CL 6.74, CW 6.29, LL 0.61, LW 1.38, SL 3.37, SW 3.39. COLOUR. As in male. CEPHALOTHORAX. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in Fig. 120. Clypeus and eye group as in Fig. 178. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.20 (0.26), ALE 0.32, PLE 0.24, PME 0.17; AME – AME 0.22 (0.16), ALE – AME 0.16 (0.13), ALE – PLE 0.16, PLE – PME 0.08, PME – PME 0.59. Cheliceral rastellum absent. Each cheliceral furrow with 7 promarginal teeth and 5 – 6 mesobasal denticles. Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in Fig. 239. Maxillae with 53 – 55 cuspules each. LEGS. Scopula: distal on metatarsi I – II; entire on palpal tarsus and tarsus I – II; vestigial on tarsi III – IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 9 – 11 each on tibiae, 16 – 18 on metatarsi, 13 – 16 on tarsi. Palpal claw with 6 promarginal teeth. PTC I – IV with 7 – 8 and 10 – 11 teeth on inner and outer margins, respectively. SPINATION. Femora I – IV with 1 – 2 basodorsal spines and 2 – 3 dorsal bristles; palpal patella, patella I, and tarsi I – IV aspinose. Palp: femur d 3, pd 1; tibia p 1, v 7; tarsus v 3 (2). Leg I: femur pd 1; tibia p 1, v 5; metatarsus v 6 (5). Leg II: femur pd 3; patella p 1; tibia p 2 (1), v 6 (5); metatarsus v 6. Leg III: femur pd 2, rd 2; patella p 2, r 1; tibia d 1, p 2, r 2, v 7 (6); metatarsus p 4, r 2, v 7. Leg IV: femur rd 1; patella r 1; tibia d 1, p 3, r 3, v 7; metatarsus p 4, r 4, v 7 (6). SPERMATHECAE. Each of paired spermathecae Y-shaped; a relatively high and narrow base together with inner branch form spermathecal trank; the latter carries a club-like outer branch diverging close to medium part of this structure (Fig. 515). SPINNERETS. See Figs 578 – 579. PMS: length 0.52, diameter 0.19. PLS: maximal diameter 0.78; length of basal, medial and apical segments 1.05, 0.69, 0.88; total length 2.62; apical segment short digitiform. Variation Carapace length in males (n = 2) varies from 3.67 to 5.94, in females (n = 11) from 5.37 to 6.74. Variation in details of the coloration, and in structure of the spermathecae as shown in Figs 45, 72, 513 – 514, 516.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B723550CFF93FD6FE149FD47CD1C.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology Raveniola ornata sp. nov. inhabits montane slopes and flattened summits between 1500 and 2200 m a. s. l., covered by shrubland and open park forest dominated by species of Acer L., Prunus L., Juniperus seravschanica and Cercis griffithii Boiss. (Figs 667 – 673). All spiders were found under stones.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B723550CFF93FD6FE149FD47CD1C.taxon	distribution	Distribution The far southern Uzbekistan and the southwestern Tajikistan. Despite a thorough search, the spiders were not found at altitudes below 1500 m a. s. l. (although the bottoms of intermontane semidesert valleys are located at an altitude of 500 – 1000 m a. s. l.). Therefore, the known species range is not continuous. The range of this species is mosaic, since all above-listed localities are confined to the upper zone of several low ridges (representing, within the entire area, the less aridized isolated biotopes); currently, these are entirely separated from each other. See Fig. 753.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235503FF91FD9BE4A9FD49CB0D.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 5 B 8115 AD- 5059 - 44 AC- 80 CB- 5 B 4 CA 05 A 8158 Figs 12, 47, 94, 121, 148, 179, 213, 240, 270, 299 – 300, 362, 415 – 417, 517 – 519, 581 – 583, 674, 753	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235503FF91FD9BE4A9FD49CB0D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis The new species shares with R. ornata sp. nov. a rich dorsal abdominal pattern, a wide roundish sternum, small PMS and a more or less densely ornamented ventral surface of the abdomen, but can be distinguished from the latter in possessing an even denser ventral abdominal pattern (Figs 12, 47, 213, 240, 581 – 583 cf. Figs 11, 45 – 46, 212, 239, 577 – 580). Males of R. ornatula sp. nov. differ from males of the latter species in having a shorter and wider basal section of the embolus (Figs 415 – 417 cf. Figs 412 – 414). The conspecific females can be distinguished from females of R. ornata in possessing larger but less numerous maxillary cuspules, as well as shorter and stouter basal (inner) branches of the spermathecae (Figs 240, 517 – 519 cf. Figs 239, 513 – 516).	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235503FF91FD9BE4A9FD49CB0D.taxon	etymology	Etymology The specific epithet is a Latin adjective meaning ‘ decorated’; the name refers to a very dense maculate dorsal and ventral abdominal pattern; it should also emphasize the similarity of this species to a closely related congener, Raveniola ornata sp. nov.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235503FF91FD9BE4A9FD49CB0D.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Holotype TAJIKISTAN • ♂; Hazratisho Mts, Yahsu Canyon, Sangdara Gorge; 38 ° 22 ′ N, 70 ° 10 ′ E; 1450 m a. s. l.; 15 Oct. 1987; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH. Paratypes TAJIKISTAN • 1 ♂, 5 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; 1450 – 1800 m a. s. l.; SMNH.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235503FF91FD9BE4A9FD49CB0D.taxon	description	Description Male (holotype) HABITUS. See Fig. 12. MEASUREMENTS. TBL 11.35, CL 4.27, CW 3.94, LL 0.30, LW 0.81, SL 2.12, SW 2.01. COLOUR. Carapace, palps and legs medium brownish orange (all appendages gradually lighten toward apices); eye tubercle with AMEs widely bordered and other eyes emarginated with blackish coloured cuticle, chelicerae reddish orange; sternum, labium and maxillae pale brownish yellow; abdomen yellowish brown with numerous brownish marks forming well-developed reticulate pattern on both dorsum and side; book-lungs and spinnerets pale yellowish brown. CEPHALOTHORAX. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in Fig. 94. Clypeus and eye group as in Fig. 148. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.14 (0.20), ALE 0.26, PLE 0.14, PME 0.14; AME – AME 0.14 (0.08), ALE – AME 0.09 (0.06), ALE – PLE 0.10, PLE – PME 0.07, PME – PME 0.34. Anterior cheliceral edge with unmodified setae; rastellum not developed. Each cheliceral furrow with 7 promarginal teeth and 5 – 6 relatively large and raised mesobasal denticles. MIT indiscernible. Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in Fig. 213. Maxillae with 30 – 31 cuspules each. LEGS. Tibia and metatarsus I as in Figs 270, 299. Scopula: entire and distal on metatarsi I – II; entire on tarsus I; narrowly divided with setae on tarsus II; absent on tarsi III – IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 8 – 9 each on tibiae, 11 – 13 on metatarsi, 11 – 12 on tarsi, 7 – 8 on cymbium. PTC I – II and III – IV with 8 – 10 and 9 – 11 teeth on each margin, respectively. SPINATION. Palp: femur d 3, pd 2; patella pd 1; tibia d 2, p 3, r 2, v 6; cymbium d 6 (4). Leg I: femur d 4, pd 3, rd 3 (2); patella p 1; tibia p 2, pv 2, rv 2 + 2 M; metatarsus v 1 (0). Leg II: femur d 4, pd 3; patella p 1; tibia p 3, v 7 (6); metatarsus v 5 (4). Leg III: femur d 4, pd 3, rd 3 (2); patella p 2, r 1; tibia d 2, p 3 (2), r 4 (3), v 7; metatarsus d 2, p 3, r 3, v 7. Leg IV: femur d 4, pd 3, rd 2; patella p 1, r 1; tibia d 2, p 3, r 3, v 7; metatarsus d 3, p 4, r 4, v 9. Tarsi I – IV aspinose. PALP. Tibia, cymbium and copulatory bulb as shown in Fig. 362. Embolus with short and conical basal portion lacking keel, and with even shorter and twisted apical part (Figs 415 – 417). SPINNERETS. See Fig. 581. PMS: length 0.31, diameter 0.10. PLS: maximal diameter 0.38; length of basal, medial and apical segments 0.58, 0.43, 0.42; total length 1.43; apical segment shortly digitiform. Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total Palp 2.60 (2.41) 1.44 (1.40) 1.99 (2.02) – 0.70 (1.43) 6.73 (7.26) Leg I 4.28 (3.32) 2.19 (2.16) 3.14 (2.33) 3.60 (1.98) 2.15 (1.35) 15.36 (11.14) Leg II 3.85 (3.07) 2.13 (1.98) 2.89 (2.07) 3.29 (1.96) 2.11 (1.33) 14.27 (10.41) Leg III 3.23 (2.67) 1.59 (1.82) 2.25 (1.70) 3.34 (2.24) 2.08 (1.49) 12.49 (9.92) Leg IV 4.37 (3.44) 1.91 (1.99) 3.16 (2.58) 4.65 (3.15) 2.33 (1.74) 16.42 (12.90) Female (paratype) HABITUS. See Fig. 47. MEASUREMENTS. TBL 12.50, CL 4.32, CW 3.90, LL 0.37, LW 1.04, SL 2.08, SW 2.07. COLOUR. As in male, but carapace and legs paler yellowish brown. CEPHALOTHORAX. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in Fig. 121. Clypeus and eye group as in Fig. 179. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.14 (0.20), ALE 0.27, PLE 0.16, PME 0.12; AME – AME 0.16 (0.10), ALE – AME 0.09 (0.06), ALE – PLE 0.08, PLE – PME 0.08, PME – PME 0.32. Cheliceral rastellum absent. Each cheliceral furrow with 7 long promarginal teeth and 4 – 6 relatively large mesobasal denticles. Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in Fig. 240. Maxillae with ca 35 cuspules each. LEGS. Scopula: entire and distal on metatarsi I – II; narrowly divided on palpal tarsus; widely divided on tarsi I – II; absent on tarsi III – IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 7 – 8 each on tibiae, 8 – 10 on metatarsi, 10 – 11 on tarsi I – IV, 8 on palpal tarsus. Palpal claw with 6 – 7 promarginal teeth. PTC I – II and III – IV with 6 – 7 and 8 – 9 short teeth on each margin, respectively. SPINATION. Palpal femur and femora I – II with 1 basodorsal spine and 3 – 4 dorsal bristles; palpal patella, patella I, and tarsi I – IV aspinose. Palp: femur pd 1; tibia v 7; tarsus v 2. Leg I: femur pd 1; tibia p 1, v 3; metatarsus v 6 (4). Leg II: femur pd 1; patella p 1; tibia p 1, v 5 (4); metatarsus v 7. Leg III: femur d 4, pd 3, rd 3 (2); patella p 2, r 1; tibia d 1, p 2, r 1, v 7; metatarsus p 3, r 3, v 7. Leg IV: femur d 4, rd 1; patella p 1 (0), r 1; tibia p 2, r 3, v 7; metatarsus p 3, r 2, v 7. SPERMATHECAE. Each of paired spermathecae Y-shaped with relatively short and wide basic (inner) branch and diverging from this structure long outer branch (Fig. 517). SPINNERETS. See Figs 582 – 583. PMS: length 0.32, diameter 0.09. PLS: maximal diameter 0.43; length of basal, medial and apical segments 0.85, 0.39, 0.38; total length 1.62; apical segment short digitiform. Variation Carapace length in the only male paratype is 4.18, in the female paratypes (n = 5) it ranges from 3.98 to 4.83. Variation in the structure of the metatarsus I in male and the spermathecae as shown in Figs 300, 518 – 519.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235503FF91FD9BE4A9FD49CB0D.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology Raveniola ornatula sp. nov. was found in the midland mountain zone of Hazretisho Mts. where it inhabits (sympatrically with R. cucullata sp. nov. and R. ignobilis sp. nov.) shrubs and fragmentary broad-leaved woodlands dominated by Acer spp. and Juglans regia (Fig. 674). All spiders were found under stones.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235503FF91FD9BE4A9FD49CB0D.taxon	distribution	Distribution Known only from the type locality. See Fig. 753.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235501FF94FD92E2BFFAC5CC6B.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: F 8 D 21997 - 9 A 6 A- 4 B 66 - 80 D 3 - 10638 D 797 C 48 Figs 13, 14, 48, 95 – 96, 122, 149 – 150, 180, 214 – 215, 241, 271 – 272, 301 – 302, 318, 334 – 336, 363 – 364, 418 – 428, 520 – 523, 584 – 586, 676, 680 – 690, 754	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235501FF94FD92E2BFFAC5CC6B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Males of Raveniola pamira sp. nov. can be distinguished from those of the related species in possessing a differently built basal section of the embolus, which appears to be either considerably longer than that in R. dolosa sp. nov. and R. ignobilis sp. nov, or provided with smaller and lower embolic keels than those in R. cucullata sp. nov. (Figs 418 – 428 cf. Figs 389 – 399, 403 – 408). In females of R. pamira, the spermathecal branches are either shorter or separated broader from each other than those in R. cucullata, R. dolosa and R. ignobilis, or they are longer and stronger than those branches in R. sororcula sp. nov. (Figs 520 – 523 cf. Figs 495 – 503, 509, 524 – 525).	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235501FF94FD92E2BFFAC5CC6B.taxon	etymology	Etymology The specific epithet is a toponym referring to the range of this species: the Pamir (s) mountain system.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235501FF94FD92E2BFFAC5CC6B.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Holotype TAJIKISTAN • ♂; Western Pamir, Darvaz Mts (southern slope), Obiviskharvi Canyon, 9 km NE of Ubagan Village; 38 ° 34.9 ′ N, 71 ° 09.2 ′ E; 2800 – 3000 m a. s. l.; 14 Jul. 1988; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH. Paratypes (4 ♂♂, 11 ♀♀) TAJIKISTAN • 1 ♀; same collecting data as for holotype; SMNH • 4 ♂♂, 8 ♀♀; same collecting data as for preceding, Ubagandara Gorge, surroundings of Ubagan Village; 38 ° 32 ′ N, 71 ° 03 ′ E; 1950 – 2100 m a. s. l.; 15 Jul. 1988; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH • 2 ♀♀; same collecting data as for preceding, environs of the abandoned Viskharvi-Bolo Village; 38 ° 33 ′ N, 71 ° 05 ′ E; 2100 – 2300 m a. s. l.; 13 Jul. 2019; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH. Additional material (1 ♀, 1 ♀ subad., 3 juvs) TAJIKISTAN • 1 ♀ subad., 3 juvs; Darvaz Mts, Sagirdasht Pass; 38 ° 38 ′ N, 70 ° 43 ′ E; 3400 m a. s. l.; 27 May 1970; E. M. Andreeva leg.; MIZW • 1 ♀; Peter I Mts, Childara Canyon, Shahobdara Gorge, 4 km NNW of Shahob Village; 38 ° 51 ′ N, 70 ° 18 ′ E; 1900 – 2100 m a. s. l.; 12 Jul. 1988; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235501FF94FD92E2BFFAC5CC6B.taxon	description	Description Male (holotype) HABITUS. See Fig. 13. MEASUREMENTS. TBL 16.65, CL 7.19, CW 6.44, LL 0.72, LW 1.10, SL 3.36, SW 3.07. COLOUR. Carapace and leg I from femur to basal metatarsus brownish orange; other parts of leg I, and entire palps and legs II – IV, as well as sternum, labium and maxillae lighter brownish orange; eye tubercle with eyes surrounded with partially fused blackish rings, chelicerae light cherry red, abdomen including spinnerets pale yellowish brown, dorsally with distinct chestnut brown chevron-like pattern, ventrally with few small brownish marks. CEPHALOTHORAX. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in Fig. 95. Clypeus and eye group as in Fig. 149. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.15 (0.19), ALE 0.32, PLE 0.20, PME 0.17; AME – AME 0.16 (0.12), ALE – AME 0.10 (0.08), ALE – PLE 0.14, PLE – PME 0.04, PME – PME 0.38. Anterior cheliceral edge with unmodified setae; rastellum not developed. Each cheliceral furrow with 9 promarginal teeth and 7 – 8 mesobasal denticles. MIT indiscernible. Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in Fig. 214. Maxillae with ca 70 cuspules each. LEGS. Tibia and metatarsus I as in Figs 271, 301. Scopula: entire and distal on metatarsi I – II; entire on tarsi I – II; widely divided on tarsi III – IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 9 – 10 each on tibiae, 15 – 22 on metatarsi, 15 – 19 on tarsi, 10 – 11 on cymbium. PTC I – IV with 9 – 11 teeth on each margin. SPINATION. Palp: femur d 4, pd 1, rd 1; patella p 2; tibia d 4 (3), p 2, r 3, v 6 (5); cymbium d 7 (5) + 3 – 4 spikes. Leg I: femur d 4, pd 3, rd 3; patella p 2; tibia p 3 (2), pv 2, r 1, rv 2 + 2 M. Leg II: femur d 4, pd 3, rd 1; patella p 2; tibia p 3, v 7; metatarsus v 5. Leg III: femur d 4, pd 3, rd 2; patella p 2, r 1; tibia d 3 (1), p 2, r 3, v 7; metatarsus d 4, p 3, r 3, v 5. Leg IV: femur d 4 (3), pd 3, rd 3 (2); patella p 1, r 1; tibia d 2, p 3, r 3, v 9 (8); metatarsus dp 5 (4), p 3, r 3, v 8. Metatarsus I and tarsi I – IV aspinose. PALP. Tibia, cymbium and copulatory bulb as shown in Fig. 363. Embolus with long basal portion provided with low keel and short hooked apical part (Figs 418 – 422). SPINNERETS. PMS: length 0.44, diameter 0.21. PLS: maximal diameter 0.58; length of basal, medial and apical segments 1.25, 0.81, 0.73; total length 2.79; apical segment triangular. Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total Palp 3.86 (4.49) 2.32 (2.53) 3.38 (3.51) – 1.12 (2.93) 10.68 (13.46) Leg I 6.58 (6.89) 3.47 (4.11) 5.57 (5.21) 5.65 (4.24) 2.92 (2.82) 24.19 (23.27) Leg II 6.42 (6.46) 3.18 (3.73) 5.18 (4.60) 5.69 (4.20) 2.80 (2.83) 23.27 (21.82) Leg III 5.54 (5.36) 2.81 (2.81) 4.03 (3.52) 5.29 (4.68) 2.67 (2.74) 20.34 (19.11) Leg IV 6.64 (6.87) 2.97 (3.33) 5.10 (5.03) 7.23 (6.38) 3.07 (3.20) 25.01 (24.81) Female (paratype) HABITUS. See Fig. 48. MEASUREMENTS. TBL 23.70, CL 8.81, CW 7.74, LL 0.86, LW 1.55, SL 4.44, SW 3.97. COLOUR. Similar to that of male, except for evenly light brownish orange legs I – IV and dark cherry red chelicerae. CEPHALOTHORAX. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in Fig. 122. Clypeus and eye group as in Fig. 180. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.18 (0.24), ALE 0.32, PLE 0.22, PME 0.20; AME – AME 0.19 (0.13), ALE – AME 0.19 (0.16), ALE – PLE 0.26, PLE – PME 0.08, PME – PME 0.66. Cheliceral rastellum absent. Each cheliceral furrow with 9 promarginal teeth and 8 mesobasal denticles. Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in Fig. 241. Maxillae with ca 70 cuspules each. LEGS. Tibia and metatarsus IV as shown in Fig. 318. Scopula: entire and distal on metatarsi I – II; entire and dense on palpal tarsus and tarsi I – II; sparser and widely divided by setae on tarsi III – IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 9 – 11 each on tibiae, 14 – 18 on metatarsi, 13 – 15 on tarsi. Palpal claw with 4 promarginal teeth. PTC I – II and III – IV with 7 – 9 and 9 – 11 teeth on each margin, respectively. SPINATION. All femora with one basodorsal spine and 3 – 4 long dorsal spine-like setae. Palpal patella, patella I and tarsi I – IV aspinose. Palp: femur pd 2, rd 1; tibia p 2, v 7; tarsus v 4. Leg I: femur pd 3; tibia p 2, v 5; metatarsus v 6. Leg II: femur pd 4; patella p 1; tibia p 3, v 6; metatarsus v 7. Leg III: femur pd 3 (1), rd 3 (2); patella p 2, r 1; tibia d 1, p 2, r 3, v 7; metatarsus d 3, p 3, r 3, v 7. Leg IV: femur rd 2; patella p 1, r 1; tibia p 3, r 3 (2), v 7; metatarsus d 2, p 4, r 3, v 10. SPERMATHECAE. Each of paired spermathecae U-shaped with relatively low and wide base carrying two unevenly thick branches: long, stout and apically mostly trilobate inner brach, and a similarly long but much more slender and undivided outer branch (Fig. 520). SPINNERETS. See Figs 585 – 586. PMS: length 1.06, diameter 0.32. PLS: length of basal, medial and apical segments 1.64, 0.97, 0.88; total length 3.49; apical segment triangular. Variation Carapace length in males (n = 4) ranges from 5.66 to 7.19, in females (n = 9) from 5.65 to 8.81. Variations in the colouration and in the conformation of the eye group, sternum, labium and maxillae are shown in Figs 14, 96, 215; in the shape of the male tibia I, metatarsus I and palp in Figs 272, 302, 364; in the structure of the copulatory bulb and the spermathecae in Figs 323 – 328 and 521 – 523. The structural peculiarities of tarsus I are shown in Fig. 336.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235501FF94FD92E2BFFAC5CC6B.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology The spiders were found in riverside gallery woodlands dominated by Juglans regia and in the abovelocated subalpine and alpine meadow biotopes. All specimens were collected from their retreats under stones (Figs 676, 680 – 690).	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235501FF94FD92E2BFFAC5CC6B.taxon	distribution	Distribution Known from the mid-mountain and highland zones of Darvaz Mts and Peter I Mts. See Fig. 754.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235501FF94FD92E2BFFAC5CC6B.taxon	discussion	Remarks Andreeva (1975, 1976) mentioned “ Brachythele sp. ”, unexpectedly found in the highlands of Darvaz Mts at altitudes of 3400 m (Sagirdasht Pass) and 3500 – 3700 m (“ in the upper parts of the Viskharv Valley ”). In the course of the current study, the specimens from the former locality, deposited in MIZW, were examined and identified as belonging to R. pamira sp. nov. (see the list of the additional material above).	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235504FF95FD81E544FD49C9B2.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 8 ECBE 7 DA- 43 F 6 - 4 D 99 - 96 B 6 - C 87823 C 6 E 986 Figs 49, 123, 181, 242, 524 – 525, 587 – 588, 691, 698, 754	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235504FF95FD81E544FD49C9B2.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis The rich and dense dorsal ornament of the abdomen in the new species resembles that in Raveniola ornata sp. nov. and R. ornatula sp. nov. (Fig. 49 cf. Figs 45 – 47). However, unlike these congeners, R. sororcula sp. nov. possesses a broadly oval sternum, medium-sized PMS and a very short apical segment of the PMS (vs a subcircular sternum, small PMS and digitiform apical segment of PLS; Figs 242, 587 – 588 cf. Figs 239 – 240, 579, 582) and lacks any more-or-less developed ventral abdominal pattern (such as shown in Figs 580, 583). In the structure of the spermathecae, R. sororcula seems to be similar to R. dolosa sp. nov. (Figs 524 – 525 cf. Figs 500 – 503); however, it differs from the latter species in possessing clearly larger PMS, compared with small PMS in R. dolosa (see Fig. 587 cf. Figs 569 – 570). Finally, this new species differs from the sympatric congener, R. pamira sp. nov., in having a weak cheliceral rastellum and a shorter apical segment of the PLS (vs the absence of rastellar setae and a noticeably longer apical segment of the PLS in the latter species; see Fig. 586 cf. Fig. 588).	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235504FF95FD81E544FD49C9B2.taxon	etymology	Etymology The specific epithet is a Latin noun meaning ‘ a little sister’; the name refers to a smaller species size, compared to that of a larger sibling neighbor, R. pamira sp. nov.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235504FF95FD81E544FD49C9B2.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Holotype TAJIKISTAN • ♀; Western Pamir, Darvaz Mts (southern slope), Obiviskharvi Canyon, environs of Hurk Village; 38 ° 31 ′ N, 71 ° 02 ′ E; 1600 – 1700 m a. s. l.; 15 Jul. 2019; S. Zonstein and A. Hakimov leg.; SMNH. Paratypes (3 ♀♀) TAJIKISTAN • 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; SMNH • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding, surroundings of Ubagan Village; 38 ° 32 ′ N, 71 ° 03 ′ E; 1950 – 2100 m a. s. l.; 15 Jul. 1988; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235504FF95FD81E544FD49C9B2.taxon	description	Description Female (holotype) HABITUS. See Fig. 49. MEASUREMENTS. TBL 18.35, CL 6.77, CW 6.10, LL 0.64, LW 1.21, SL 3.55, SW 3.17. COLOUR. Carapace dark reddish brown; eye tubercle dark brown with eyes encircled with wide blackish brown rings; chelicerae very dark cherry brown; sternum, labium, maxillae, palps and legs I – IV medium to dark brownish orange; abdomen medium fawn brown, dorsally with rich and dense dark reddish brown reticulate ornament (similar in its shade and intensity to carapace colouration); book lungs, epigastrum and spinnerets light yellowish brown. CEPHALOTHORAX. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in Fig. 123. Clypeus and eye group as in Fig. 181. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.15 (0.21), ALE 0.29, PLE 0.22, PME 0.15, AME – AME 0.16 (0.10), ALE – AME 0.14 (0.11), ALE – PLE 0.16, PLE – PME 0.10, PME – PME 0.47. Dorsodistal edge of chelicerae with a transverse row of ca 20 thickened and partially broken setae in front of fang base. Each cheliceral furrow with 8 promarginal teeth and 7 – 8 mesobasal denticles. Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in Fig. 242. Maxillae with ca 80 cuspules each. LEGS. Scopula: entire and distal on metatarsi I – II; entire on palpal tarsus and tarsi I – II; widely divided by setae on tarsi III – IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 9 – 10 each on tibiae, 15 – 18 on metatarsi, 11 – 16 on tarsi. Palpal claw with 5 promarginal teeth. PTC I – II and III – IV with 4 – 7 and 7 – 8 teeth on each margin, respectively. Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total Palp 3.94 1.85 2.63 – 2.34 10.76 Leg I 5.15 3.13 3.84 2.94 2.03 17.09 Leg II 4.82 3.02 3.20 3.03 2.12 16.19 Leg III 3.95 2.48 2.43 3.15 1.84 13.85 Leg IV 5.32 2.87 3.60 4.81 2.37 18.97 SPINATION. All femora I – II with one basodorsal spine and 3 – 4 dorsal bristles. Palpal patella, patella I and tarsi I – IV aspinose. Palp: femur pd 1; tibia p 2, v 8 (7); tarsus v 5 (4). Leg I: femur pd 1; tibia p 1, v 5 (4); metatarsus v 6. Leg II: femur pd 3; patella p 1; tibia p 2, v 5; metatarsus v 6. Leg III: femur pd 3, rd 2; patella p 2, r 1; tibia d 2, p 2, r 3, v 7; metatarsus d 3, p 4, r 3, v 7. Leg IV: femur pd 1, rd 1; patella r 1; tibia p 2, r 3, v 7; metatarsus d 1, p 3, r 3, v 10 (8). SPERMATHECAE. Each of paired spermathecae provided with low and wide base carrying two thin and weakly diverging branches (Fig. 524). SPINNERETS. See Figs 587 – 588. PMS: length 0.64, diameter 0.22. PLS: maximal diameter 0,74; length of basal, medial and apical segments 1.22, 0.63, 0.30; total length 2.15; apical segment shortly triangular and obliquely truncated from base to apex in lateral view. Male Unknown. Variation Carapace length in three paratype females varies from 6.72 to 7.79. Variation in the structure of the spermathecae as shown in Fig. 525.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235504FF95FD81E544FD49C9B2.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology The spiders were found under stones along the stream in the riverside gallery woodland dominated by Juglans regia. Their retreats and females with cocoons are shown in Figs 691 – 698.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235504FF95FD81E544FD49C9B2.taxon	distribution	Distribution Known only from the type locality. See Fig. 754.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B723551AFF8AFD8DE622FAC4C9B3.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnostic characters Maxillae with a few cuspules confined to probasal maxillary edge (Figs 216 – 219, 243 – 246). PMS absent; apical segment of PLS triangular or shortly digitiform (Figs 589 – 596). Males: tibiae and metatarsi I – II without modified hairs (Figs 273 – 277, 303); cymbium moderately short (as in Figs 365 – 369); embolus bent and screwed subapically, with or without subapical keel (Figs 429 – 438). Females: each paired spermatheca Ⱶ-shaped, mostly low and moderately wide, with wide base and inner branch incorporated into the entire cone-shaped trunk, and with short and club-like or fusiform lateral diverticulum (Figs 526 – 533).	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B723551BFF89FD6AE622FB06CDAF.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 4 BE 24613 - AC 5 B- 46 ED- 83 C 0 - 0 CC 41 F 64 D 8 A 5 Figs 15, 50, 97, 124, 151 – 152, 182, 216, 243, 273, 303, 365, 429 - 431, 471 – 474, 526 – 527, 589 – 590, 699 – 706, 754	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B723551BFF89FD6AE622FB06CDAF.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Within the species group, males of Raveniola diluta sp. nov. differ from other male members in having a longer proximal section of the embolus, combined with a lengthened keel (vs either the presence of a short triangular keel in R. fedotovi or the absence of a raised keel in R. pallens sp. nov. and R. zyuzini sp. nov.; Figs 429 – 431, cf. Figs 432 – 438). Females of Raveniola diluta are distinguishable owing to a peculiar structure of the spermathecae, provided with short conical trunks and longer and strictly curved outer branches which are subequal in length to the spermathecal trunks (vs differently built female copulatory organs in other species of the group (Figs 526 – 527, cf. Figs 528 – 533).	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B723551BFF89FD6AE622FB06CDAF.taxon	etymology	Etymology The specific epithet is a Latin adjective ‘ dilutus / - a / - um ’ meaning ‘ light’ or ‘ pallid’ and referring to the pale ground color of the specimens belonging to this species; the gender is feminine (diluta).	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B723551BFF89FD6AE622FB06CDAF.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Holotype TAJIKISTAN • ♂; Hissar Mts, Sardai-Miyona Canyon, Hanaka Gorge; 38 ° 50.4 ′ N, 69 ° 17.6 ′ E; 1600 m a. s. l.; 4 Oct. 1986; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH. Paratypes (5 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀) TAJIKISTAN • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; SMNH • 2 ♂♂; Hissar Mts, Sorvo Canyon, Surhob Gorge, 3 km NW of Soni Village; 38 ° 50.6 ′ N, 69 ° 24.1 ′ E; 1900 m a. s. l.; 6 – 7 Oct. 1986; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 1900 – 2100 m a. s. l.; 17 – 19 Apr. 1988; SMNH • 2 ♀♀; Hissar Mts, Varzob Canyon, Kondara Gorge; 38 ° 48.5 ′ N, 68 ° 48.8 ′ E; 1300 – 1600 m a. s. l.; 9 Jul. 1988; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH. Additional material (1 ♀ subad., 1 juv.) TAJIKISTAN • 1 juv.; Hissar Mts, Sardai-Miyona Canyon, Hanaka Gorge; 38 ° 51 ′ N, 69 ° 17 ′ E; 1500 m a. s. l.; 4 Oct. 1986; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH • 1 ♀ subad.; Sorvo Canyon, Surhob Gorge, 1.5 km W of Soni Village; 38 ° 49.6 ′ N, 69 ° 25.5 ′ E; 1750 m a. s. l.; 5 Jul. 2019; S. Zonstein; SMNH.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B723551BFF89FD6AE622FB06CDAF.taxon	description	Description Male (holotype) HABITUS. See Fig. 15. MEASUREMENTS. TBL 11.20, CL 4.75, CW 4.02, LL 0.34, LW 0.75, SL 2.31, SW 2.03. COLOUR. Cephalothorax and appendages pale reddish orange; carapace, femora I – III dorsally and entire leg I slightly darker; chelicerae more intensely reddish orange; eye tubercle brown with eyes embedded by wide partially fused blackish rings; abdomen and spinnerets almost uniformly milky white. CEPHALOTHORAX. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in Fig. 97. Clypeus and eye group as in Fig. 151. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.13 (0.17), ALE 0.19, PLE 0.11, PME 0.12; AME – AME 0.09 (0.05), ALE – AME 0.08 (0.06), ALE – PLE 0.04, PLE – PME 0.04, PME – PME 0.29. Anterior cheliceral edge with unmodified setae; rastellum not developed. Each cheliceral furrow with 9 promarginal teeth and 1 mesobasal denticle. MIT indiscernible. Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in Fig. 216. Maxillae with 7 – 8 cuspules each. LEGS. Tibia and metatarsus I as in Figs 303, 373. Scopula: long (0.8 – 1.0 segment width), relatively sparse and fine; entire and distal on metatarsi I – II; narrowly divided on tarsus I; widely divided by setae on tarsus II; rudimentary, mixed and widely divided with setae on tarsus III; absent on tarsus IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 8 – 9 each on tibiae, 11 – 15 on metatarsi, 12 – 14 on tarsi, 9 – 10 on cymbium. PTC I – III with 8 – 10 teeth on each margin; PTC IV with 8 – 9 and 11 – 12 teeth on inner and outer margins, respectively. SPINATION. Palp: femur d 4, pd 2, rd 2; patella pd 2; tibia d 2, p 2 (3), r 2, v 6; cymbium d 4. Leg I: femur d 4, pd 3, rd 3; patella p 2 (1); tibia p 2, pv 2, rv 2 + 2 M, metatarsus v 2. Leg II: femur d 4, pd 3; patella p 1; tibia p 3, v 11 (7); metatarsus p 1, v 9 (6). Leg III: femur d 4, pd 3, rd 3; patella p 3 (2); tibia d 3, p 3, r 3, v 7; metatarsus p 4, r 3, v 7. Leg IV: femur d 4, pd 3, rd 3 (2); patella p 2 (1); tibia d 4, p 3, r 3, v 9; metatarsus d 3, p 4 (3), r 3, v 7. Tarsi I – IV aspinose. PALP. Tibia, cymbium and copulatory bulb as shown in Fig. 365. Embolus bipartite: proximal part moderately long, swollen, cone-shaped with dense shallow ridges and lengthened triangular keel; apical part short and corkscrew-shaped (Figs 429 – 431). SPINNERETS. See Fig. 589. PLS: maximal diameter 0.33; length of basal, medial and apical segments 0.71, 0.43, 0.38; total length 1.52; apical segment triangular. Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total Palp 2.59 (3.11) 1.46 (1.62) 2.20 (2.01) – 0.74 (1.91) 6.99 (8.65) Leg I 4.57 (4.26) 2.57 (2.56) 3.89 (2.72) 3.38 (2.49) 2.23 (1.74) 16.64 (13.77) Leg II 4.24 (3.78) 2.22 (2.48) 3.57 (2.73) 3.39 (2.51) 2.20 (1.60) 15.62 (13.10) Leg III 3.72 (3.44) 1.73 (2.03) 3.21 (2.30) 3.84 (3.13) 2.20 (1.51) 14.70 (12.41) Leg IV 4.81 (4.67) 2.08 (2.35) 4.08 (3.48) 5.59 (4.45) 2.64 (2.09) 19.20 (17.04) Female (paratype) HABITUS. See Fig. 50. MEASUREMENTS. TBL 13.50, CL 5.66, CW 4.75, LL 0.46, LW 0.99, SL 2.92, SW 2.54. COLOUR. As in male, with uniformly pale legs and slightly darker chelicerae. CEPHALOTHORAX. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in Fig. 124. Clypeus and eye group as in Fig. 182. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.14 (0.19), ALE 0.31, PLE 0.16, PME 0.13; AME – AME 0.12 (0.07), ALE – AME 0.12 (0.09), ALE – PLE 0.09, PLE – PME 0.06, PME – PME 0.45. Cheliceral rastellum absent. Each cheliceral furrow with 9 promarginal teeth and 4 – 5 mesobasal denticles. Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in Fig. 243. Maxillae with 10 – 11 cuspules each. LEGS. Scopula: entire and distal on metatarsi I – II; narrowly divided on palpal tarsus and tarsus I; widely divided by setae on tarsus II; absent on tarsi III – IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 8 – 9 each on tibiae, 13 – 14 on metatarsi, 12 – 15 on tarsi, 9 – 10 on palpal tarsus. Palpal claw with 3 promarginal teeth. PTC I – II and III – IV with 4 – 5 and 5 – 6 teeth on each margin, respectively. SPINATION. Palp: femur d 3, pd 1; patella p 2; tibia v 8 (7); tarsus v 2. Leg I: femur d 4, pd 1; tibia p 3, v 7; metatarsus v 6. Leg II: femur d 4, pd 1; tibia p 3, v 7; metatarsus v 6. Leg III: femur d 4, pd 3, rd 2; patella p 2, r 1; tibia d 1, p 2, r 2, v 7; metatarsus d 3, p 3, r 3, v 7. Leg IV: femur d 4, pd 1, rd 1; patella p 1, r 1; tibia d 1, p 3, r 2, v 7; metatarsus d 2, p 4, r 4, v 7. Patellae I – II and tarsi I – IV aspinose. SPERMATHECAE. Each of paired spermathecae formed by a low cone-shaped trunk carrying a relatively long and bent outer branch; spermathecal trunks widely spaced from each other (Figs 526 – 527). SPINNERETS. See Fig. 590. PLS: maximal diameter 0.56; length of basal, medial and apical segments 1.07, 0.64, 0.65; total length 2.36; apical segment triangular. Variation Carapace length in males (n = 4) varies from 4.15 to 4.75, in females (n = 5) from 3.95 to 5.66. The overall pale colouration looks to be even lighter in spiders from the eastern Hissar (Romit) and conversely slightly darker in specimens from the central part of this ridge (Kondara). Variations in the eye arrangement and in the structure of the copulatory bulb as shown in Figs 152 and 471 – 474, respectively.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B723551BFF89FD6AE622FB06CDAF.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology All spiders were found hiding in soil cavities under stones in fragmentary midland montane woodlands, dominated by walnut, Juglans regia. See Figs 699 – 706.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B723551BFF89FD6AE622FB06CDAF.taxon	distribution	Distribution Known from the central and southeastern parts of Hissar Mts, Tajikistan. See Fig. 754.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235519FF8FFDD9E318FD84C9B2.taxon	description	Figs 16, 51, 98, 125, 153, 183, 199, 217, 244, 274 – 275, 366, 432 – 433, 528 – 529, 591 – 592, 707 – 710, 755	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235519FF8FFDD9E318FD84C9B2.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Males of Raveniola fedotovi differ from other male congeners in having a characteristic triangular (very short, but high and acute) keel, demarcating proximal and distal sections of the embolus (vs either the presence of a lengthened keel in R. diluta sp. nov., or the absence of a raised keel in R. pallens sp. nov. and R. zyuzini sp. nov.; Figs 432 – 433, cf. Figs 428 – 431, 324 – 438). The sole adult female of R. fedotovi, known to date, is distinguishable owing to a specific structure of the spermathecal trunks, which are considerably longer, and relatively more closely spaced to each other than in females of other species representing the same group (Figs 528 – 529, cf. Figs 526 – 527, 530 – 533).	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235519FF8FFDD9E318FD84C9B2.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Lectotype UZBEKISTAN • ♂; Hissar Mts (northwestern slope), surroundings of Ishkent Village; 38 ° 49 ′ N, 66 ° 58 ′ E; 1100 – 1300 m a. s. l.; 25 – 28 Mar. 1942; D. M. Fedotov leg.; ZMMU. Paralectotypes UZBEKISTAN • 3 ♂♂; same collection data as for holotype; PSU, deposited as preparations. Additional material (1 ♂, 1 ♀, 2 juvs) UZBEKISTAN • 1 juv.; Kugitang (Koitendagh) Mts, Baglydara Canyon, 10 – 11 km W of Hatak Village; 37 ° 58 ′ N, 66 ° 43 ′ E; 1300 – 1400 m a. s. l.; 8 Apr. 1989; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH • 1 juv.; Baisuntau Mts, Akrabat Pass; 38 ° 15 ′ N, 66 ° 50 ′ E; 1500 m a. s. l.; 17 Apr. 1987; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH • 1 ♂; Zeravshan Mts, Jindy-Daria Canyon, Hojakurgan Gorge; 39 ° 11 ′ N, 67 ° 17 ′ E; 1400 – 1600 m a. s. l.; 29 Apr. 1992; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 4 May 2022; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235519FF8FFDD9E318FD84C9B2.taxon	description	Description Male (lectotype) Figures 16, 153, 199, 217, 274 – 275, 366, 432 – 433, 591 are based on the paralectotypes and conspecific material. HABITUS. See Fig. 16. MEASUREMENTS. TBL 6.90, CL 3.38, CW 2.85, LL 0.28, LW 0.60, SL 1.78, SW 1.51. COLOUR. Carapace, palps and legs light brownish orange; eye tubercle blackish brown; chelicerae light reddish brown; sternum, labium and maxillae yellow; abdomen uniformly greyish white without clear dorsal pattern. CEPHALOTHORAX. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in Fig. 98. Clypeus and eye group as in Fig. 153. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.08 (0.12), ALE 0.13, PLE 0.09, PME 0.06; AME – AME 0.08 (0.05), ALE – AME 0.05 (0.04), ALE – PLE 0.02, PLE – PME 0.02, PME – PME 0.16. Anterior cheliceral edge with unmodified setae; rastellum not developed. Each cheliceral furrow with 7 promarginal teeth and 4 – 5 mesobasal denticles. MIT indiscernible (Fig. 199). Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in Fig. 217. Maxillae with 7 cuspules each. LEGS. Tibia and metatarsus I as in Fig. 274. Scopula: entire and distal on metatarsi I – II; entire on tarsus I; narrowly divided with setae on tarsus II; widely divided on tarsus III; rudimentary on tarsus IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 7 each on tibiae, 10 – 12 on metatarsi, 7 – 10 on tarsi, 6 on cymbium. PTC I – IV with 6 – 7 and 5 teeth on outer and inner margins, respectively. SPINATION. Palp: femur d 3, pd 2; tibia d 2, p 3, r 1, v 4; cymbium d 4. Leg I: femur d 4, pd 3, rd 3; patella p 1; tibia p 2, pv 2, rv 2 + 2 M; metatarsus v 1. Leg II: femur d 4, pd 3; patella p 1; tibia p 3, v 6; metatarsus v 6. Leg III: femur d 4, pd 3, rd 3; patella p 1, r 1; tibia d 2, p 2, r 2, v 6; metatarsus d 1, p 3, r 3, v 7. Leg IV: femur d 4, pd 3, rd 3; patella p 1; tibia d 2, p 3, r 3, v 7; metatarsus d 1, p 3, r 2, v 9 (8). Palpal patella and tarsi I – IV aspinose. PALP. Tibia, cymbium and copulatory bulb as shown in Fig. 366. Embolus with widely tapering basal portion ending with triangular keel, and with twisted apical part (as shown in Figs 432 – 433). SPINNERETS. See Fig. 591. PLS: maximal diameter 0.37; length of basal, medial and apical segments 0.60, 0.42, 0.27; total length 1.29; apical segment triangular. Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total Palp 1.93 (2.68) 1.07 (1.45) 1.43 (1.69) – 0.65 (1.42) 5.08 (7.24) Leg I 3.20 (3.23) 1.78 (2.09) 2.43 (2.35) 2.54 (1.77) 1.45 (1.34) 11.40 (10.78) Leg II 2.98 (2.96) 1.50 (1.89) 2.18 (2.08) 2.14 (1.84) 1.43 (1.36) 10.23 (10.13) Leg III 2.57 (2.63) 1.43 (1.54) 1.89 (1.78) 2.60 (2.25) 1.46 (1.39) 9.95 (9.59) Leg IV 3.51 (3.54) 1.48 (1.92) 2.76 (2.66) 3.75 (3.31) 2.07 (1.61) 13.57 (13.04) Female (paratype) HABITUS. See Fig. 51. MEASUREMENTS. TBL 15.05, CL 4.22, CW 3.91, LL 0.41, LW 0.87, SL 2.15, SW 2.06. COLOUR. Mostly as in male, but chelicerae light scarlet red and legs more uniformly coloured, without difference between legs I and II – IV. CEPHALOTHORAX. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in Fig. 125. Clypeus and eye group as in Fig. 183. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.13 (0.17), ALE 0.24, PLE 0.15, PME 0.07; AME – AME 0.13 (0.09), ALE – AME 0.09 (0.07), ALE – PLE 0.09, PLE – PME 0.06, PME – PME 0.40. Cheliceral rastellum absent. Each cheliceral furrow with 10 promarginal teeth and 5 – 6 mesobasal denticles. Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in Fig. 244. Maxillae with 13 – 14 cuspules each. LEGS. Scopula: entire and distal on metatarsi I – II; entire on palpal tarsus; narrowly divided on tarsus I; widely divided by setae on tarsus II; absent on metatarsi and tarsi III and IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 9 – 10 each on tibiae, 13 – 15 on metatarsi, 11 – 13 on tarsi, 9 – 10 on palpal tarsus. Palpal claw with 4 promarginal teeth widely separated from each other. PTC I – II and III – IV with 6 – 7 and 6 – 8 teeth on each margin, respectively. SPINATION. Palpal femur and femora I – II with 4 dorsal bristles; femora III – IV with one thin basodorsal spine and 3 dorsal bristles alongside midline; palpal patella, patellae I – II and tarsi I – IV aspinose. Palp: femur pd 1; tibia v 10 (7); tarsus v 4 (3). Leg I: femur pd 1; tibia v 5; metatarsus v 6. Leg II: femur pd 1; tibia p 3, v 7; metatarsus p 1, v 7 (6). Leg III: femur pd 3, rd 2; patella p 1, r 1; tibia d 1, p 2, r 2, v 7; metatarsus d 2, p 3, r 3 (2), v 7. Leg IV: femur rd 1; patella r 1; tibia d 1, p 2, r 3, v 7; metatarsus d 1, p 3, r 3, v 10 (9). SPERMATHECAE. Each of paired spermathecae with wide cone-shaped trunk and short fusiform outer branch (Figs 528 – 529). SPINNERETS. See Fig. 592. PMS: absent. PLS: maximal diameter 0.45; length of basal, medial and apical segments 0.84, 0.55, 0.53; total length 1.92; apical segment triangular. Variation Carapace length in males (n = 3) varies from 3.30 to 3.95. One of the fragmented paralectotype males possesses 8 (vs 7 in the lectotype) teeth on the cheliceral furrow promargin (Fig. 199). According to Charitonov (1946), within the type series, the number of the maxillary cuspules ranges from 5 to 8 (some type specimens were used by D. E. Charitonov as preparations, and only a few of their parts have survived to date). A weak difference in the structure of the male tibia and metatarsus I is shown in Fig. 275. Most other features, including a specific shape of the embolic keel, were found to be consistent throughout the available specimens.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235519FF8FFDD9E318FD84C9B2.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology Raveniola fedotovi inhabits the rocky midland montane slopes between 1100 and 1600 m a. s. l., from the steppe shrubland zone in high foothills (Fig. 707) to the higher-located zone of mosaic riverside woodland dominated by Juglans regia (Fig. 708). The collected conspecific specimens were found in overgrown screes under shrubs and tree canopies hiding deeply inside the rocky layer (Figs 709 – 710).	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235519FF8FFDD9E318FD84C9B2.taxon	distribution	Distribution South Uzbekistan. See Fig. 755.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B723551CFF82FD92E622FD38CCCC.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 4 F 2510 F 5 - 833 E- 42 C 4 - 9 C 5 D-C 17 B 434 FFF 9 B Figs 17, 52, 99, 126, 154, 184, 218, 245, 276, 367, 434 – 435, 530 – 531, 593 – 594, 755	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B723551CFF82FD92E622FD38CCCC.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Raveniola pallens sp. nov. differs from other members of the same species group in possessing a wider eye group with relatively smaller and noticeably broadly spaced anterior median eyes (Figs 154, 184 cf. 151 – 153, 155, 182 – 183, 185). Unlike males of R. diluta sp. nov. and R. fedotovi, possessing an embolic keel, the holotype male of R. pallens lacks this structure; it differs from males of R. zyuzini sp. nov. in having a noticeably lesser curved metatarsus I and by a sparser scopula on metatarsi and tarsi I – II (Fig. 276 cf. Fig. 277). Females of R. pallens sp. nov. are distinguishable due to having a widely divided ventral scopula on the palpal tarsus (vs entire one in females of the related species), as well as owing to their low, mound-like and widely spaced spermathecal trunks (vs the higher cone-shaped ones in other species of the group; Figs 530 – 531 cf. Figs 526 – 529, 532 – 533).	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B723551CFF82FD92E622FD38CCCC.taxon	etymology	Etymology The specific epithet is a Latin adjective (of any gender) meaning ‘ light’ or ‘ pallid’ and referring to the pale ground color of the specimens belonging to this species.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B723551CFF82FD92E622FD38CCCC.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Holotype UZBEKISTAN • ♂; Zeravshan Mts (southwestern slope), foothills below Amankutan Pass; 39 ° 13.5 ′ N, 66 ° 53.5 ′ E; 1000 – 1300 m a. s. l.; 9 Apr. 1991; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH. Paratype UZBEKISTAN • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 900 m a. s. l.; 7 Apr. 1989; SMNH. Additional material (1 ♀ subad., 1 juv.) UZBEKISTAN • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; 850 m a. s. l.; 9 Apr. 1991; SMNH • 1 ♀ subad.; northern foothills of Turkestan Mts, Beshbuloq Canyon, vicinity of Turkmen Village; 39 ° 57 ′ N, 68 ° 30 ′ E; 600 – 700 m a. s. l.; 27 Jun. 1980; A. B. Nenilin leg.; SMNH.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B723551CFF82FD92E622FD38CCCC.taxon	description	Description Male (holotype) HABITUS. See Fig. 17. MEASUREMENTS. TBL 9.05, CL 3.65, CW 2.99, LL 0.25, LW 0.63, SL 1.82, SW 1.57. COLOUR. Carapace, palps and legs light brownish orange; eye tubercle blackish brown; chelicerae light reddish brown; sternum, labium and maxillae yellow; abdomen uniformly greyish white without distinct dorsal pattern. CEPHALOTHORAX. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in Fig. 99. Clypeus and eye group as in Fig. 154. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.10 (0.14), ALE 0.19, PLE 0.12, PME 0.08; AME – AME 0.10 (0.06), ALE – AME 0.05 (0.03), ALE – PLE 0.03, PLE – PME 0.03, PME – PME 0.28. Anterior cheliceral edge with unmodified setae; rastellum not developed. Each cheliceral furrow with 7 promarginal teeth and 7 – 8 mesobasal denticles. MIT indiscernible. Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in Fig. 218. Maxillae with 9 – 11 cuspules each. LEGS. Tibia and metatarsus I as in Fig. 276. Scopula: entire and distal on metatarsi I – II; entire on tarsus I; narrowly divided with setae on tarsus II; widely divided on tarsus III; rudimentary on tarsus IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 8 – 9 each on tibiae, 13 – 14 on metatarsi, 10 – 12 on tarsi, 8 on cymbium. PTC I – IV with 6 – 8 teeth on each margin. SPINATION. Patella I and tarsi I – IV aspinose. Palp: femur d 3, pd 1; tibia p 3, r 1, v 5; cymbium d 4 + 5 smaller. Leg I: femur d 3, pd 2; tibia p 2, pv 1, rv 2 + 2 M; metatarsus v 1. Leg II: femur d 3, pd 2; patella p 1; tibia p 3, v 7 (6); metatarsus p 1, v 6. Leg III: femur d 4, pd 3, rd 2; patella p 2, r 1; tibia d 2, p 2, r 2, v 7; metatarsus d 3, p 3, r 3, v 7. Leg IV: femur d 4, pd 3, rd 2; patella p 1, r 1; tibia d 2, p 3, r 3, v 8 (7); metatarsus d 2, p 4, r 3, v 8 (7). PALP. Tibia, cymbium and copulatory bulb as shown in Fig. 367. Embolus lacking keel, corkscrew-shaped, thin and gradually tapering to its tip (Figs 434 – 435). SPINNERETS. See Fig 593. PLS: maximal diameter 0.31; length of basal, medial and apical segments 0.49, 0.30, 0.27; total length 1.06; apical segment triangular. Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total Palp 1.93 (2.53) 1.01 (1.43) 1.53 (1.86) – 0.64 (1.54) 5.11 (7.36) Leg I 3.18 (3.54) 1.89 (2.17) 2.58 (2.74) 2.57 (2.07) 1.63 (1.49) 11.85 (12.01) Leg II 2.79 (3.38) 1.62 (1.90) 2.30 (2.28) 2.39 (2.14) 1.58 (1.47) 10.68 (11.17) Leg III 2.54 (2.97) 1.31 (1.68) 1.84 (2.15) 2.51 (2.53) 1.54 (1.54) 9.74 (10.87) Leg IV 3.15 (3.99) 1.64 (1.97) 2.67 (3.23) 3.56 (3.94) 1.83 (1.76) 12.85 (14.89) Female (paratype) HABITUS. See Fig. 52. MEASUREMENTS. TBL 13.20, CL 5.07, CW 4.43, LL 0.43, LW 1.04, SL 2.62, SW 2.31. COLOUR. As in male, with body even paler; legs I – IV uniformly very light yellowish tan and noticeably paler than yellowish orange carapace. CEPHALOTHORAX. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in Fig. 126. Clypeus and eye group as in Fig. 184. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.12 (0.17), ALE 0.23, PLE 0.12, PME 0.06; AME – AME 0.23 (0.18), ALE – AME 0.10 (0.08), ALE – PLE 0.03, PLE – PME 0.03, PME – PME 0.63. Cheliceral rastellum absent. Each cheliceral furrow with 9 promarginal teeth and 2 – 3 mesobasal denticles. Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in Fig. 245. Maxillae with 10 – 11 pointed (not rounded or blunt) cuspules each. LEGS. Scopula: entire and distal on metatarsi I – II; narrowly divided on tarsus I; widely divided on palpal tarsus and tarsus II; absent on tarsi III – IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 9 – 10 each on tibiae, 14 – 15 on metatarsi, 12 – 14 on tarsi, 9 on palpal tarsus. Palpal claw with 3 promarginal teeth. PTC I – II and III – IV with 5 and 4 – 5 teeth on each margin, respectively. SPINATION. Femora I – IV dorsally along midline with 2 – 3 spines and 2 – 3 bristles; palpal patella, patella I, and tarsi I – IV aspinose. Palp: femur d 4, pd 1; tibia p 4 (2), v 8 (7); tarsus v 2. Leg I: femur pd 1; tibia p 2, v 6; metatarsus v 7 (4). Leg II: femur pd 1; patella p 1; tibia p 2 (1), v 6 (5); metatarsus v 6. Leg III: femur pd 3, rd 2; patella p 2, r 1; tibia d 1, p 2, r 2, v 7; metatarsus d 5, p 3, r 2, v 7. Leg IV: femur pd 2, rd 3 (2); patella p 1, r 1; tibia d 1, p 2 (3), r 3 (2), v 7; metatarsus d 2, p 2, r 3, v 7. SPERMATHECAE. Each of paired spermathecae small and low mound-like, with short and wide trunk that carries small and short outer branch diverging from spermathecal trunk close to its apex (Figs 530 – 531). SPINNERETS. See Fig. 594. PLS: maximal diameter 0.51; length of basal, medial and apical segments 0.91, 0.66, 0.42; total length 1.99; apical segment triangular.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B723551CFF82FD92E622FD38CCCC.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology Raveniola pallens sp. nov. inhabits rocky slopes in foothills and the low-mountain zone between 600 and 1300 m a. s. l., covered by steppe grasslands and sparse shrubland with Pistacea vera L., Cercis griffithii, species of Acer, Prunus (sect. Amygdalus (L.) Benth. & Hook. f.), etc. By their nature, these biotopes resemble the landscape which is shown in Fig. 707. All spiders were found hiding under stones.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B723551CFF82FD92E622FD38CCCC.taxon	distribution	Distribution Southeastern Uzbekistan. See Fig. 755.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235512FF80FD91E5FFFD49CBDC.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: B 61 B 579 D- 3 D 60 - 4 EF 1 - A 77 D- 5 F 7285 F 6356 D Figs 18, 53, 73 – 74, 100, 127, 155, 185, 219, 246, 277, 337 – 339, 368 – 369, 436 – 438, 475 – 477, 532 – 533, 595 – 596, 711 – 714, 755	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235512FF80FD91E5FFFD49CBDC.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Raveniola zyuzini sp. nov. differs from other members of the same species group by having a darker brownish orange carapace and legs (vs considerably paler brownish or yellowish orange ones – Figs 18, 53 cf. Figs 15 – 17, 50 – 52). Unlike males of R. diluta sp. nov. and R. fedotovi, possessing a raised embolic keel, males of R. zyuzini either entirely lack this structure or possess only a low vestige of the keel; the new species differs from R. pallens sp. nov. in having a longer proximal section of the embolus (Figs 236 – 238 cf. Figs 234, 235). Females of R. zyuzini are distinguishable due to their weakly sclerotized spermathecal trunks, carrying fusiform outer branches (vs differently conformed spermathecae in other species of the group; Figs 532 – 533 cf. Figs 526 – 531).	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235512FF80FD91E5FFFD49CBDC.taxon	etymology	Etymology The specific epithet is given in honour and memory of Dr. Alexei Zyuzin (1951 – 2021), noting his significant contribution to the taxonomical and faunistic study of Central Asian spiders.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235512FF80FD91E5FFFD49CBDC.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Holotype UZBEKISTAN • ♂; Babatag Mts, environs of Chorroha (Chorraga) Pass, 10.4 km ENE of Mt Zarkassa; 38 ° 04.0 ′ N, 68 ° 13.5 ′ E; 1400 m a. s. l.; 15 Apr. 1990; S. Zonstein leg; SMNH. Paratypes (8 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀) UZBEKISTAN • 1 ♂; same collection data as for holotype; SMNH • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 12 Apr. 1989; SMNH • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding, northern slope of Mt Zarkassa; 38 ° 02.0 ′ N, 68 ° 11.7 ′ E; 1900 m a. s. l.; 20 Apr. 2019; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH • 4 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding, eastern slope of Mt Zarkassa; 1300 – 1800 m a. s. l.; 26 Apr. 1994; S. V. Ovchinnikov leg.; SMNH.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235512FF80FD91E5FFFD49CBDC.taxon	description	Description Male (holotype) HABITUS. See Fig. 18. MEASUREMENTS. TBL 12.20, CL 5.14, CW 4.32, LL 0.41, LW 0.86, SL 2.57, SW 2.26. COLOUR. Carapace, as well as most palp and leg segments medium brownish orange; leg I slightly darker than other legs; eye tubercle blackish brown; chelicerae medium reddish brown; sternum, labium, maxillae, metatarsi and tarsi II – IV light yellowish orange; abdomen and spinnerets very pale yellowish brown, dorsal abdominal pattern indiscernible. CEPHALOTHORAX. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in Fig. 100. Clypeus and eye group as in Fig. 155. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.12 (0.18), ALE 0.20, PLE 0.14, PME 0.13; AME – AME 0.12 (0.06), ALE – AME 0.08 (0.05), ALE – PLE 0.05, PLE – PME 0.03, PME – PME 0.31. Anterior cheliceral edge with unmodified setae; rastellum not developed. Each cheliceral furrow with 10 promarginal teeth and 3 mesobasal denticles. MIT indiscernible. Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in Fig. 219. Maxillae with 8 cuspules each. LEGS. Tibia and metatarsus I as in Fig. 277. Scopula: entire and distal on metatarsi I – II; entire on tarsus I; narrowly divided by setae on tarsus II; absent on tarsi III and IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 8 – 10 each on tibiae, 16 – 18 on metatarsi, 13 – 14 on tarsi, 10 on cymbium. PTC I – II and III – IV with 8 – 9 and 9 – 10 teeth on each margin. SPINATION. Palp: femur d 5, pd 2, rd 1; patella pd 1; tibia d 3, p 3, r 3, v 7; cymbium d 5 (4). Leg I: femur d 4, pd 3, rd 3; patella p 1; tibia p 2, pv 2, r 1 (0), rv 2 + 2 M; metatarsus v 1. Leg II: femur d 4, pd 3, rd 2 (1); patella p 1; tibia p 3, v 7; metatarsus p 1, v 6. Leg III: femur d 4, pd 3, rd 3; patella p 2, r 2; tibia d 2, p 3, r 3, v 6; metatarsus d 3, p 3, r 4, v 7. Leg IV: femur d 4, pd 3, rd 3 (2); patella p 1, r 2; tibia d 2, p 3, r 3, v 7; metatarsus d 2, p 3, r 3, v 9. Tarsi I – IV aspinose. PALP. Tibia, cymbium and copulatory bulb as shown in Fig. 368. Embolus with long, slightly tapering proximal section, provided with low rounded keel, and with short curved apex (Fig. 436). SPINNERETS. See Fig. 595. PLS: maximal diameter 0.34; length of basal, medial and apical segments 0.78, 0.39, 0.34, respectively; total length 1.51; apical segment triangular. Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total Palp 2.73 (2.42) 1.59 (1.57) 2.29 (1.85) – 0.83 (1.63) 7.44 (7.47) Leg I 4.51 (3.46) 2.60 (2.21) 3.57 (2.74) 3.62 (2.30) 2.22 (1.57) 16.52 (12.28) Leg II 4.22 (3.28) 2.37 (1.98) 3.37 (2.40) 3.34 (2.28) 2.10 (1.55) 15.40 (11.49) Leg III 3.63 (2.92) 1.96 (1.61) 2.78 (2.16) 3.75 (2.97) 2.09 (1.57) 14.21 (11.23) Leg IV 4.72 (3.82) 2.24 (1.99) 3.71 (3.31) 5.38 (4.27) 2.43 (1.57) 18.29 (14.96) Female (paratype) HABITUS. See Fig. 53. MEASUREMENTS. TBL 13.00, CL 4.42, CW 3.73, LL 0.36, LW 0.87, SL 2.12, SW 2.01. COLOUR. In general as in male, but legs more uniformly coloured, without difference between legs I and II – IV. CEPHALOTHORAX. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in Fig. 127. Clypeus and eye group as in Fig. 185. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.10 (0.14), ALE 0.21, PLE 0.12, PME 0.11; AME – AME 0.12 (0.08), ALE – AME 0.09 (0.07), ALE – PLE 0.05, PLE – PME 0.03, PME – PME 0.33. Cheliceral rastellum absent. Each cheliceral furrow with 9 promarginal teeth and 3 – 4 mesobasal denticles. Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in Fig. 246. Maxillae with 10 – 11 cuspules each. LEGS. Scopula: entire and distal on metatarsi I – II; entire on palpal tarsus and tarsus I; narrowly divided by setae on tarsus II; absent on tarsi III and IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 9 – 10 each on tibiae, 13 – 14 on metatarsi, 11 – 13 on tarsi, 9 – 10 on palpal tarsus. Palpal claw with 4 promarginal teeth. PTC I – II and III – IV with 7 – 8 and 5 – 8 teeth on each margin, respectively. SPINATION. Palp: femur d 3, pd 1; patella p 1; tibia v 7; tarsus v 2 (1). Leg I: femur d 4, pd 1; tibia v 7; metatarsus v 6 (5). Leg II: femur d 4, pd 1; tibia p 2, v 7; metatarsus p 1, v 6. Leg III: femur d 4, pd 3, rd 2; patella p 1; tibia d 1, p 2, r 2, v 7; metatarsus d 2, p 3, r 3, v 7. Leg IV: femur d 4, pd 2 (1), rd 1; patella p 1, r 1; tibia d 1, p 3, r 3, v 7; metatarsus d 1, p 4, r 4, v 7. Patellae I – II and tarsi I – IV aspinose. SPERMATHECAE. Each of paired spermathecae with wide cone-shaped trunk and short fusiform outer branch diverging from medium part of spermathecal trunk (Figs 532 – 533). SPINNERETS. See Fig. 596. PMS: absent. PLS: maximal diameter 0.59; length of basal, medial and apical segments 0.68, 0.52, 0.47; total length 1.67; apical segment triangular. Variation Carapace length in males (n = 7) varies from 3.80 to 5.19, in females (n = 4) from 3.44 to 5.32. Within the type series, a few insignificant variations in the habitus and colouration are shown in Figs 73 – 74. For some structural details of the tarsal organ and trichobothria, see Figs 377 – 379. The most common conformation of the copulatory bulb, lacking the keel, is similar to that shown in Figs 475 – 477. The less distributed variant of the bulb, provided with a rudimentary keel, is shown in Figs 369, 437 – 438.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235512FF80FD91E5FFFD49CBDC.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology All spiders were found under stones in open park woodland composed of low deciduous trees (Acer spp., Crataegus spp., etc.) at 1300 – 1600 m a. s. l. and in sparse mixed forest biotopes dominated by Juniperus seravschanica at 1600 – 1900 m a. s. l. See Figs 711 – 714.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235512FF80FD91E5FFFD49CBDC.taxon	distribution	Distribution Known only from the type locality. See Fig. 755.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235510FF86FDB4E2E2FAC5CA08.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnostic characters Less numerous cuspules confined to probasal edge of maxilla (Figs 220 – 228, 247 – 255). PLS small, lackung spigots or entirely absent; apical segment of PLS mostly triangular or digitiform in some species (Figs 485 – 486, 597 – 618). Males: tibiae and metatarsi I – II without modified hairs (Figs 278 – 289, 304 – 309); cymbium very short (as in Figs 370 – 378); embolus gradually tapering and only slightly curved subapically, always without subapical keel (Figs 439 – 465). Females: spermathecae always with trunk, narrow Y- or F-shaped (Figs 534 – 554).	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235516FF85FDCAE3B8FB53CDED.taxon	description	Figs 19, 54, 75, 80 – 81, 101, 128, 156, 186, 220, 247, 278 – 279, 340 – 342, 370, 439 – 440, 485, 534 – 536, 597 – 600, 715 – 716, 756	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235516FF85FDCAE3B8FB53CDED.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Raveniola ferghanensis is well distinguishable from all other species of the virgata group. Males possess a very long embolus that noticeably exceeds the tegulum in its length (vs subequal in length in other species; Figs 439 – 440 cf. Figs 441 – 465). Females can be distinguished by the characteristic shape of the spermathecae, where an elongate inner branch (i. e., a distal section of the trunk) appears to be considerably longer than the lateral diverticulum (vs shorter than the latter or both branches are subequal in length; Figs 534 – 536 cf. Figs 537 – 554). Additionally, R. ferghanensis is the largest member of the group. Unlike other group members, this obligate bothrobiont species lives in burrows; it can be encountered only in lowland subarid and arid biotopes.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235516FF85FDCAE3B8FB53CDED.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Holotype KYRGYZSTAN • ♂; Fergana Mts (southwestern slope), foothills 1.6 km E of Jalal-Abad City; 40 ° 55.9 ′ N, 73 ° 02.0 ′ E; 950 m a. s. l.; 8 Apr. 1982; S. Zonstein leg.; ZISP. Paratypes (7 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀) KYRGYZSTAN • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 900 – 1000 m a. s. l.; 8 – 10 Apr. 1982; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; ZISP • 2 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; 29 Apr. 1982; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH • 3 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding, foothills 5 km W of Jalal-Abad City; 40 ° 57 ′ N, 72 ° 54 ′ E; 900 – 1200 m a. s. l.; 7 Apr. 1982; S. Zonstein and S. V. Ovchinnikov leg.; SMNH. Additional material (6 ♂♂, 9 ♀♀, 2 ♀♀ subad., 3 juvs) KAZAKHSTAN • 1 ♀ subad.; hills west of Kaplanbek (also Kabylanbek) Town; 41 ° 30 ′ N, 69 ° 16 ′ E; 450 – 500 m a. s. l.; 30 Mar. 1983; A. B. Nenilin and S. V. Ovchinnikov leg.; SMNH. KYRGYZSTAN • 2 juvs; Chatkal Mts (southern slope), foothills 3 km NNE of Tash-Kumyr; 41 ° 22.6 ′ N, 72 ° 14.7 ′ E; 700 m a. s. l.; 23 Jun. 1992; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH • 6 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀; environs of Jalal-Abad City; 19 Oct. 1992; S. Zonstein and D. A. Milko leg.; SMNH. TAJIKISTAN • 1 ♀; Turkestan Mts (northern slope), foothills south of Konibodom City (40 ° 18 ′ N, 70 ° 26 ′ E); 500 – 700 m a. s. l.; 15 Jun. 1968; V. F. Bahvalov leg.; SMNH. UZBEKISTAN • 2 ♀♀ (fragmented); Fergana Valley, near Kokand City; [40 ° 32 ′ N, 70 ° 57 ′ E]; 500 m a. s. l.; 1 – 30 Jun. 1871; A. P. Fedchenko leg.; ZMMU • 1 juv.; environs of Ferghana City; [40 ° 23 ′ N, 71 ° 47 ′ E]; 600 m a. s. l.; 14 May 1981; D. M. Schwetz leg.; SMNH • 1 ♀; foothills east of Andijan City; 40 ° 49 ′ N, 72 ° 27 ′ E; 500 – 600 m a. s. l.; 6 Apr. 1988; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH • 1 ♀ subad.; foothills of Qurama Mts near Uigursai Canyon, 10 km NNW of Pap Town; 40 ° 57 ′ N, 71 ° 02 ′ E; 600 – 650 m a. s. l.; 12 Apr. 2018; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235516FF85FDCAE3B8FB53CDED.taxon	description	Redescription Male (holotype) HABITUS. See Fig. 19. MEASUREMENTS. TBL 16.70, CL 7.17, CW 6.33, LL 0.52, LW 0.99, SL 3.51, SW 2.98. COLOUR. Carapace, all femora and patellae, tibiae I – II and metatarsus I brownish orange; eye tubercle blackish brown; chelicerae and maxillae light red; sternum, labium, leg coxae, palpal tibia and cymbium, tibiae III – IV, metatarsi II – IV and tarsi I – IV light yellowish orange; labiosternal and sternal sigilla medium reddish brown; abdomen light grayish yellow, with darker brown chevron-like dorsal pattern; book-lungs and spinnerets pale yellowish brown. CEPHALOTHORAX. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in Fig. 101. Clypeus and eye group as in Fig. 156. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.20 (0.28), ALE 0.33, PLE 0.23, PME 0.17; AME – AME 0.21 (0.13), ALE – AME 0.14 (0.10), ALE – PLE 0.11, PLE – PME 0.04, PME – PME 0.47. Anterior cheliceral edge only with slightly thickened setae; rastellum not developed. Each cheliceral furrow with 9 promarginal teeth and 4 – 5 mesobasal denticles. MIT indiscernible. Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in Fig. 220. Maxillae with 10 – 11 cuspules each. LEGS. Tibia and metatarsus I as in Fig. 278. Scopula: distal on metatarsi I – II; entire on tarsi I – II; widely divided and mixed with setae on tarsus III; sparse and widely divided on tarsus IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 10 – 11 on tibiae, 15 – 21 on metatarsi, 15 – 18 on tarsi, 12 on cymbium. PTC I – IV with 6 – 8 teeth on each margin. SPINATION. Palp: femur d 4, pd 3, rd 3; patella pd 2; tibia d 3, p 3, pv 3, r 2, rv 2; cymbium d 20 – 25 short spines. Leg I: femur d 4, pd 3, rd 3; patella p 1; tibia p 3, pv 2, r 3, rv 2 + 2 M; metatarsus p 1, v 4. Leg II: femur d 4, pd 3, rd 3; patella p 2; tibia p 3, r 1, v 7; metatarsus d 1, p 2, r 1 (0), v 6. Leg III: femur d 4, pd 3, rd 3; patella p 3, r 1; tibia d 3, p 3, r 3, v 7; metatarsus d 4, p 4, r 3, v 7. Leg IV: femur d 4, pd 3, rd 3; patella p 2 (1), r 1; tibia d 2, p 3, r 3, v 7; metatarsus d 4, p 3, r 3, v 7. Tarsi I – IV aspinose. PALP. Tibia, cymbium and copulatory bulb as shown in Fig. 370. Embolus long and thin, spike-shaped, straight along almost all its length and very gently curved subapically (Figs 439 – 440). SPINNERETS. PMS: length 0.29, diameter 0.08. PLS: maximal diameter 0.58; length of basal, medial and apical segments 0.97, 0.69, 0.64; total length 2.30; apical segment triangular. Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total Palp 4.25 (5.14) 2.11 (2.61) 3.49 (3.56) – 1.18 (3.19) 11.03 (14.50) Leg I 6.97 (6.91) 3.31 (4.09) 5.41 (5.02) 4.97 (4.17) 3.33 (2.94) 23.99 (23.13) Leg II 6.70 (6.13) 2.96 (3.86) 4.87 (4.61) 4.93 (4.11) 3.14 (2.98) 22.60 (21.69) Leg III 5.53 (5.56) 2.45 (3.21) 4.37 (3.51) 5.94 (4.48) 3.13 (2.89) 21.42 (19.65) Leg IV 7.37 (6.92) 3.05 (3.50) 5.72 (4.92) 8.07 (6.85) 3.61 (3.26) 27.76 (25.45) Female (paratype) HABITUS. See Fig. 54. MEASUREMENTS. TBL 26.40, CL 9.76, CW 8.44, LL 0.88, LW 1.89, SL 5.03, SW 4.31. COLOUR. Similar to that of male, but legs I – IV almost uniformly light yellowish orange (slightly and gradually lightening from femur to tarsus). CEPHALOTHORAX. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in Fig. 128. Clypeus and eye group as in Fig. 186. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.22 (0.32), ALE 0.38, PLE 0.33, PME 0.18; AME – AME 0.27 (0.17), ALE – AME 0.18 (0.13), ALE – PLE 0.09, PLE – PME 0.08, PME – PME 0.71. Cheliceral rastellum absent. Each cheliceral furrow with 9 promarginal teeth and 4 mesobasal denticles. Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in Fig. 247. Maxillae with 10 – 12 cuspules each. LEGS. Scopula: distal on metatarsi I – II; entire on palpal tarsus and tarsi I – II; absent and replaced by short dense setae on tarsi III – IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 10 – 11 each on tibiae, 24 – 30 on metatarsi, 22 – 27 on leg tarsi, 16 – 17 on palpal tarsus. Palpal claw with 4 promarginal teeth. PTC I – II with 4 – 5 teeth on each margin. PTC III – IV with 2 – 3 teeth on inner and 4 – 5 teeth on outer margins. SPINATION. All femora with one basodorsal spine and 3 – 5 median and apical spikes; palpal patella and tarsi I – IV aspinose. Palp: femur pd 1; tibia p 2, v 4; tarsus v 3. Leg I: femur pd 1; patella p 1; tibia p 2, v 5; metatarsus v 6. Leg II: femur pd 1; patella p 1; tibia p 3, v 5 (4); metatarsus p 1, v 6. Leg III: femur rd 3; patella p 1, r 1 (0); tibia d 1, p 1, r 2, v 7; metatarsus p 3, r 3, v 7. Leg IV: femur rd 1; patella r 1; tibia d 1, p 2, r 2, v 7; metatarsus p 3, r 3, v 7. SPERMATHECAE. Each of paired spermathecae F-shaped, with long and relatively narrow base carrying long inner and much shorter outer branches (Fig. 536). SPINNERETS. See Figs 599 – 600. PMS: length 0.37, diameter 0.18. PLS: maximal diameter 0.98; length of basal, medial and apical segments 1.46, 0.87, 0.88; total length 3.21; apical segment triangular. Variation Carapace length in males (n = 11) varies from 4.64 to 7.28, in females (n = 8) from 7.49 to 10.47. Live spiders are shown in Figs 75, 80 – 81; the tarsal organ, trichobothria of male tarsus I, and PMS – in Figs 340 – 342, 485. Variation in the structure of the male tibia and metatarsus I and in the conformation of the spermathecae as shown in Figs 279 and 534 – 535, respectively.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235516FF85FDCAE3B8FB53CDED.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology Unlike most other members of this species group, Raveniola ferghanensis occurs exclusively within aridized piedmont and foothill areas, where the spiders inhabit semidesert and steppe biotopes (most often, a sparse shrubland steppe on the loess substrate); see Fig. 715. They do not use any natural retreats, but build long, up to 40 – 50 cm deep, and weakly silk-lined burrows (the opening of an individual burrow is shown in Fig. 716). Wandering adult males were found during periods of an optimal heat and moisture combination – in April and in October.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235516FF85FDCAE3B8FB53CDED.taxon	distribution	Distribution The species is known from Fergana Valley and neighboring foothills and low mountains in eastern Uzbekistan and adjoining regions of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. See Fig. 756.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235515FFFBFD9BE4D8FD49CBDF.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 11 E 652 E 9 - 0591 - 46 EB-AEBD- 97 E 713558 C 10 Figs 20, 55, 102, 129, 157, 187, 221, 248, 280, 304, 371, 441 – 442, 537, 601 – 603, 717 – 718, 756	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235515FFFBFD9BE4D8FD49CBDF.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis In possessing a gently twisted embolus, the male holotype of R. kirgizica sp. nov. resembles males of R. kopetdaghensis, R. mikhailovi and R. virgata. It can be distinguished from the former species in the presence of PMS (vs their absence in R. kopetdaghensis) and from the two latter species in possessing a noticeably longer tibia and metatarsus I (Fig. 280 cf. Figs 282 – 283, 286 – 287); the detailed structure of the embolus also looks different (Figs 441 – 442 cf. Figs 443 – 446, 454 – 458). The only known female (paratype) is distinguishable due to a specific conformation of the paired spermathecae, which are so small and thin, and so widely spaced from each other, that they can be reliably distinguished from the spermathecae in all other species of this group (Fig. 537 cf. Figs 334 – 536, 538 – 554).	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235515FFFBFD9BE4D8FD49CBDF.taxon	etymology	Etymology The specific epithet is a toponym referring to the range of this species: Kyrgyzstan (also Kirgizia).	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235515FFFBFD9BE4D8FD49CBDF.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Holotype KYRGYZSTAN • ♂; Alay Mts (northern slope), Kyrgyz-Ata Canyon, Karagoi Gorge; 40 ° 03 ′ N, 72 ° 36 ′ E; 2450 m a. s. l.; 22 May 1993; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH. Paratype KYRGYZSTAN • 1 ♀; Alay Mts (northern slope), Beleuli Canyon, 15 km SW of Gulcha Town, environs of Chon-Beleuli Village; 40 ° 14 ′ N, 73 ° 37 ′ E; 2200 m a. s. l.; 28 Jul. 1988; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH. Additional material KYRGYZSTAN • 1 juv.; Alay Mts (northern slope), Kurshab-Gulcha Canyon, 1 km SSE of Gulcha Town, left bank of Gulcha River; 40 ° 18 ′ N, 73 ° 27 ′ E; 1800 – 2000 m a. s. l.; 11 Aug. 1985; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235515FFFBFD9BE4D8FD49CBDF.taxon	description	Description Male (holotype) HABITUS. See Fig. 20. MEASUREMENTS. TBL 12.50, CL 5.53, CW 4.64, LL 0.47, LW 0.92, SL 2.49, SW 2.38. COLOUR. Carapace (except for slightly darker postocular band and radial groves), palps and legs light brownish orange; eye tubercle blackish brown; chelicerae light red; sternum, labium and maxillae pale yellowish orange; abdomen light greyish brown, dorsally with weakly developed medium sepia brown chevron-like pattern; book-lungs and spinnerets pale yellowish brown. CEPHALOTHORAX. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in Fig. 102. Clypeus and eye group as in Fig. 157. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.13 (0.18), ALE 0.18, PLE 0.16, PME 0.13; AME – AME 0.14 (0.09), ALE – AME 0.10 (0.08), ALE – PLE 0.08, PLE – PME 0.05, PME – PME 0.35. Anterior cheliceral edge with unmodified setae; rastellum not developed. Intercheliceral tumescence indiscernible. Each cheliceral furrow with 10 – 11 promarginal teeth and 3 mesobasal denticles. MIT indiscernible. Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in Fig. 221. Maxillae with 12 cuspules each. LEGS. Tibia and metatarsus I as in Figs 280, 304. Scopula: entire and distal on metatarsi I – II; entire on tarsus I; narrowly divided by setae on tarsus II; widely divided on tarsus III; vestigial on tarsus IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 9 – 10 each on tibiae, 16 – 18 on metatarsi, 12 – 15 on tarsi, 11 on cymbium. PTC I – IV with 6 – 7 teeth on each margin. SPINATION. Palp: femur d 3, pd 2, rd 1; patella pd 1; tibia d 2, p 3, r 1, v 12 – 15; cymbium d 4. Leg I: femur d 4, pd 3, rd 3; patella p 1; tibia p 2, pv 1, r 1, rv 2 + 2 M. Leg II: femur d 4, pd 3; patella p 1; tibia p 3, v 7; metatarsus v 5. Leg III: femur d 4, pd 3, rd 3; patella p 2, r 1; tibia d 3, p 2, r 2, v 7; metatarsus d 3, p 3, r 4, v 9. Leg IV: femur d 4, pd 3, rd 3; patella p 1, r 1; tibia d 2, p 3, r 3, v 7; metatarsus d 4, p 3, r 3, v 9. Metatarsus I and tarsi I – IV aspinose. PALP. Tibia, cymbium and copulatory bulb as shown in Fig. 371. Embolus long tapering, clearly Sshaped in lateral view, and curved outwards along its entire length (Figs 441 – 442). SPINNERETS. See Figs 601 – 602. PMS: length 0.34, diameter 0.12. PLS: maximal diameter 0.43; length of basal, medial and apical segments 0.73, 0.46, 0.51; total length 1.70; apical segment shortly digitiform. Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total Palp 2.89 (2.33) 1.44 (1.59) 2.41 (2.02) – 0.87 (1.79) 7.61 (7.73) Leg I 4.61 (3.64) 2.50 (2.17) 3.79 (2.79) 4.07 (2.24) 2.11 (1.65) 17.08 (12.49) Leg II 4.32 (3.41) 2.21 (2.09) 3.63 (2.51) 3.60 (2.29) 2.09 (1.68) 15.85 (11.98) Leg III 4.07 (2.94) 1.71 (1.78) 3.22 (2.21) 4.24 (2.63) 2.34 (1.75) 15.58 (11.31) Leg IV 5.03 (4.10) 2.18 (2.17) 4.25 (3.09) 5.96 (3.96) 2.63 (2.01) 20.05 (15.33) Female (paratype) HABITUS. See Fig. 55. MEASUREMENTS. TBL 17.60, CL 5.32, CW 4.55, LL 0.53, LW 1.03, SL 2.48, SW 2.37. COLOUR. Mostly as in male, but with noticeably paler dorsal abdomen. Dorsal pattern presented by only three pairs of short diffuse chevrons on posterior quarter of abdomen. CEPHALOTHORAX. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in Fig. 129. Clypeus and eye group as in Fig. 187. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.12 (0.18), ALE 0.19, PLE 0.14, PME 0.12; AME – AME 0.17 (0.11), ALE – AME 0.12 (0.09), ALE – PLE 0.12, PLE – PME 0.05, PME – PME 0.43. Cheliceral rastellum absent. Each cheliceral furrow with 9 promarginal teeth and 2 mesobasal denticles. Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in Fig. 248. Maxillae with 12 – 13 cuspules each. LEGS. Scopula: entire and distal on metatarsi I – II; entire on palpal tarsus; narrowly divided with setae on tarsus I; widely divided on tarsus II; rudimentary and bilateral on tarsus III; absent on tarsus IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 8 – 9 each on tibiae, 13 – 15 on metatarsi, 12 – 14 on tarsi, 10 on palpal tarsus. Palpal claw with 3 promarginal teeth. PTC I – IV with 5 – 7 teeth on each margin. SPINATION. Femora I – IV with one basodorsal spine and 4 – 5 dorsal spikes; palpal femur dorsally with 4 spikes; patellae I – II with 1 prodorsal spike; palpal patella, and tarsi I – IV aspinose. Palp: femur pd 1; tibia p 2, v 8 (7); tarsus v 5 (4). Leg I: femur pd 1; tibia p 2, v 7; metatarsus p 1 (0), v 7 (6). Leg II: femur pd 1; tibia p 2, v 7; metatarsus v 7. Leg III: femur pd 2, rd 2; patella p 2, r 1; tibia d 1, p 2, r 2, v 7; metatarsus d 4, p 3, r 3, v 7. Leg IV: femur pd 1, rd 1; patella p 1, r 1; tibia d 1, p 2, r 2, v 7; metatarsus d 3, p 4, r 4, v 8. SPERMATHECAE. Individual spermathecae widely spaced from one another. Each of paired spermathecae Y-shaped with relatively short and narrow base dividing into a pair of equally thin but unevenly long branches: shorter inner and longer outer ones (Fig. 537). SPINNERETS. See Fig. 603. PMS: length 0.30, diameter 0.14. PLS: maximal diameter 0.53; length of basal, medial and apical segments 1.08, 0.62, 0.48; total length 2.18; apical segment triangular.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235515FFFBFD9BE4D8FD49CBDF.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology The spiders were found under stones in sparse montane forest, dominated by Juniperus spp. (chiefly, by J. turkestanica Kom. and J. seravschanica). The landscape and the natural biotope of the type locality is shown in Figs 717 – 718.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235515FFFBFD9BE4D8FD49CBDF.taxon	distribution	Distribution Known only from the type locality. See Fig. 756.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B723556BFFF9FDD8E2EEFBC7C8F1.taxon	description	Figs 21 – 22, 103, 158, 222, 281, 305, 372, 443 – 444, 604, 719, 757	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B723556BFFF9FDD8E2EEFBC7C8F1.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Raveniola kopetdaghensis is well distinguishable due to the full absence of PMS, which are present in all other species of the group (see Fig. 604 cf. Figs 597 – 603, 605 – 618). From members of the diluta group, also possessing only one pair of the spinnerets, R. kopetdaghensis differs in having a narrow awlshaped embolus (vs differently arranged types of the embolus; Figs 443 – 444 cf. Figs 429 – 438).	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B723556BFFF9FDD8E2EEFBC7C8F1.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Holotype TURKMENISTAN • ♂; Kopetdag Mts, Aidere Canyon; 38 ° 25 ′ N, 56 ° 49 ′ E; 900 m a. s. l.; 20 Apr. 1980; V. Fet leg.; ZISP. Paratypes (27 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ subad., 6 juvs; all collected with pitfall traps) TURKMENISTAN • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; SMNH • 3 ♂♂; Kopetdag Mts, Aidere Canyon; 38 ° 23 ′ – 38 ° 25 ′ N, 56 ° 46 ′ – 56 ° 51 ′ E; 750 – 1200 m a. s. l.; 20 – 30 Mar. 1980; V. Fet leg.; ZISP • 2 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; 30 Mar. – 1 Apr. 1980; V. Fet leg.; ZISP • 1 ♀ subad.; same collection data as for preceding; 30 Mar. – 20 Apr. 1980; V. Fet leg.; ZISP • 4 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; 1 – 10 Apr. 1980; V. Fet leg.; ZISP • 3 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; 10 – 20 Apr. 1980; V. Fet leg.; ZMMU • 5 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; 20 Apr. – 1 May 1980; V. Fet leg.; SMNH • 1 ♂, 6 juvs; Kopetdag Mts, Firyuza Canyon; 37 ° 52 ′ N, 58 ° 02 ′ E; 1200 – 1400 m a. s. l.; 7 – 16 Feb. 1979; G. T. Kuznetzov leg.; ZMMU • 5 ♂♂, 1 ♀ subad.; Kopetdag Mts, Karanki Gorge; 37 ° 48 ′ N, 58 ° 18 ′ E; 800 – 900 m a. s. l.; 8 – 15 Apr. 1980; G. T. Kuznetzov leg.; ZISP • 3 ♂♂; Kopetdag Mts, Kurtusu Gorge; 37 ° 44 ′ N, 58 ° 23 ′ E; 800 – 1000 m a. s. l.; 15 – 22 Mar. 1980; G. T. Kuznetzov leg.; SMNH. Additional material (7 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ subad.) TURKMENISTAN • 1 ♂; Kopetdag Mts, Aidere Canyon; 1 – 30 Jun. 1983; V. Fet leg.; SMNH • 2 ♀♀ subad.; Kopetdag Mts, Eldere Canyon; 38 ° 31 ′ N, 56 ° 23 ′ E; 800 – 1000 m a. s. l.; 5 – 9 Jul. 1982; N. S. Ustinova leg.; ZMMU • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; 16 – 25 Apr. 1983; S. Zabelin leg.; ZMMU • 4 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; 28 Nov. – 18 Dec. 1984; T. Sorokina leg.; SMNH • 1 ♂; Kopetdag Mts, near summit of Mt Syunt; 38 ° 31 ′ N, 56 ° 22 ′ E; 1560 m a. s. l.; 26 Mar. 1993; D. A. Milko leg.; SMNH.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B723556BFFF9FDD8E2EEFBC7C8F1.taxon	description	Description Male (holotype) HABITUS. See Fig. 21. MEASUREMENTS. TBL 11.40, CL 4.51, CW 4.17, LL 0.40, LW 0.86, SL 2.34, SW 2.08. COLOUR. Carapace, sternum, labium, maxillae and leg coxae light yellowish orange; chelicerae and radial grooves of carapace medium reddish orange; eye tubercle blackish brown; palps, legs and spinnerets pale brownish yellow; abdomen light greyish brown, dorsally with darker and weakly contrasting brown chevron-like pattern. CEPHALOTHORAX. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in Fig. 103. Clypeus and eye group as in Fig. 158. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.12 (0.18), ALE 0.22, PLE 0.14, PME 0.13; AME – AME 0.15 (0.09), ALE – AME 0.10 (0.07), ALE – PLE 0.08, PLE – PME 0.04, PME – PME 0.37. Anterior cheliceral edge with unmodified setae; rastellum not developed. Each cheliceral furrow with 9 promarginal teeth and 3 – 4 mesobasal denticles. MIT indiscernible (Fig. 200). Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in Fig. 222. Maxillae with 9 – 10 cuspules each. LEGS. Tibia and metatarsus I as in Figs 281, 305. Scopula: entire and distal on metatarsi I – II; entire on tarsus I; narrowly divided by setae on tarsus II; sparse and very widely divided on tarsi III – IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 8 – 9 each on tibiae, 13 – 15 on metatarsi, 12 – 13 on tarsi, 8 on cymbium. PTC I – IV with 7 – 9 teeth on each margin. SPINATION. Palp: femur d 3, pd 1; patella p 1; tibia d 2, p 3, r 2, v 6 (7); cymbium d 6. Leg I: femur d 4, pd 3, rd 3; patella p 1; tibia p 2, pv 3, r 3 (2), rv 2 + 2 M; metatarsus v 5 (3). Leg II: femur d 4, pd 3; patella p 1; tibia p 2 (3), v 7; metatarsus d 1, p 2, v 5. Leg III: femur d 4, pd 3, rd 2; patella p 1, r 1; tibia d 3, p 3, r 3, v 7; metatarsus d 1, p 3, r 3, v 7. Leg IV: femur d 4, pd 3, rd 2; patella p 1, r 1; tibia d 2, p 3, r 3, v 7; metatarsus d 3, p 4, r 4, v 8. Tarsi I – IV aspinose. PALP. Tibia, cymbium and copulatory bulb as shown in Fig. 372. Embolus long tapering and slightly curved subapically (Figs 443 – 444). SPINNERETS. See Fig. 604. PMS: absent. PLS: maximal diameter 0.43; length of basal, medial and apical segments 0.76, 0.63, 0.58; total length 1.97; apical segment shortly digitiform. Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total Palp 2.73 1.22 2.18 – 0.74 6.87 Leg I 4.69 2.25 3.95 3.47 2.06 16.42 Leg II 4.37 2.04 3.48 3.15 2.05 15.09 Leg III 3.93 1.73 2.98 3.53 2.02 14.19 Leg IV 4.98 1.84 3.97 5.06 2.35 18.20 Female Adult females are unknown. All the four examined female specimens (CL 4.0 – 4.2) lack developed spermathecae and thus they are recognised to represent subadult spiders. Although Fet (1984) used some female characters in the original description, he did not mention any feature related to the spermathecae. Until the description of conspecific adult females is published, the species should be considered as known only for males. Variation Carapace length in males (n = 12) varies from 4.21 to 4.87; a characteristic pale colouration, including a poorly developed chevron-like abdominal pattern, shows no significant variation throughout the specimens (as in Fig. 22).	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B723556BFFF9FDD8E2EEFBC7C8F1.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology The species inhabits mountain forest biotopes at 700 – 1560 m a. s. l.; its distribution is mainly confined to sparse forest formation dominated by Acer turkomanicum Pojark. and Juniperus turkomanica B. Fedtshenko. See Fig. 719, showing the type locality. Wandering males were collected from late November till June, with a certain peak in April. Since almost all specimens (with only one exception) were collected exclusively using pitfall traps, no detailed information regarding the spider retreats is known.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B723556BFFF9FDD8E2EEFBC7C8F1.taxon	distribution	Distribution Turkmenistan: southwestern and central parts of the Kopetdag Mts. See Fig. 757.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235569FFFCFDD2E1CCFAB7CA0B.taxon	description	Figs 23 – 24, 56 – 57, 78 – 79, 104, 130, 159, 188 – 189, 223, 249 – 250, 282, 306, 373, 445 – 447, 538 – 540, 605 – 608, 720 – 722, 758	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235569FFFCFDD2E1CCFAB7CA0B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Males of Raveniola mikhailovi differ from the related male congeners by the following characters: from R. nenilini sp. nov. and R. vulpina sp. nov. by a gently twisted (vs slightly arcuate) embolus, and from R. virgata in having a less stout palpal tibia, as well as a thinner tibia and metatarsus I (Figs 282, 373, 445 – 447 cf. Figs 286 – 287, 376, 448 – 449, 459 – 465). Females of R. mikhailovi are distinguishable due to a specific structure of the spermathecae, with relatively short trunks and widely diverging lateral diverticula (vs differently arranged spermathecal structures in other species; see Figs 538 – 540 cf. Figs 541 – 543, 547 – 554).	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235569FFFCFDD2E1CCFAB7CA0B.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Holotype KYRGYZSTAN • ♂; Chatkal Mts (southern slope), Hoja-Ata Canyon, Karangitun Gorge; 41 ° 46 ′ N, 71 ° 56 ′ E; 1200 – 1400 m a. s. l.; 2 May 1983; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH. Paratypes (8 ♂♂, 24 ♀♀, 1 ♀ subad.) KYRGYZSTAN • 3 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; SMNH • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding, Tumanyak Gorge; 41 ° 49 ′ N, 71 ° 56 ′ E; 1800 m a. s. l.; 5 Jul. 2000; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH • 5 ♀♀, 1 ♀ subad.; same collection data as for preceding, Kokkolot Gorge; 41 ° 47 ′ N, 71 ° 57 ′ E; 1600 m a. s. l.; 16 May 1982; S. V. Ovchinnikov leg.; SMNH • 4 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding, Kichkil Gorge; 41 ° 50 ′ N, 71 ° 57 ′ E; 1400 m a. s. l.; 9 Jul. 1983; K. G. Mikhailov leg.; ZMMU • 5 ♂♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding, vicinity of Sary-Chelek Lake; 41 ° 52 ′ N, 71 ° 58 ′ E; 1900 – 2000 m a. s. l.; 28 May 1992; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH • 1 ♂, 9 ♀♀; Chatkal Mts, Aflatun Canyon, Oyalma (Uyalma) Gorge; 41 ° 52 ′ N, 71 ° 51 ′ E; 1800 m a. s. l.; 29 Jul. 1983; K. G. Mikhailov leg.; ZMMU. Additional material (4 ♀♀, 2 ♀♀ subad.) KYRGYZSTAN • 2 ♀♀ subad.; Chatkal Mts, Sary-Chelek Reserve; 25 Jul. 1968; V. F. Bakhvalov leg.; SMNH • 4 ♀♀; Chatkal Mts, Chapchama Pass; 41 ° 32 ′ N, 70 ° 49 ′ E; 2850 m a. s. l.; 8 Jul. 1968; V. F. Bakhvalov leg.; SMNH.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235569FFFCFDD2E1CCFAB7CA0B.taxon	description	Description Male (holotype) HABITUS. See Fig. 23. MEASUREMENTS. TBL 12.30, CL 4.56, CW 4.12, LL 0.39, LW 0.81, SL 2.33, SW 2.16. COLOUR. Carapace, palps and legs medium yellowish orange; leg I slightly darker than other legs; eye tubercle blackish brown; chelicerae light cherry red; sternum, labium and maxillae light yellowish orange; abdomen greyish brown, with darker brown dorsal chevron-like pattern and a few small brown marks on ventral side; book-lungs and spinnerets pale yellowish brown. CEPHALOTHORAX. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in Fig. 104. Clypeus and eye group as in Fig. 159. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.15 (0.22), ALE 0.27, PLE 0.20, PME 0.18; AME – AME 0.12 (0.05), ALE – AME 0.06 (0.03), ALE – PLE 0.05, PLE – PME 0.02, PME – PME 0.29. Anterior cheliceral edge with unmodified setae; rastellum not developed. Each cheliceral furrow with 9 – 10 promarginal teeth and 2 mesobasal denticles. MIT indiscernible. Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in Fig. 223. Maxillae with 11 – 15 cuspules each. LEGS. Tibia and metatarsus I as in Figs 282, 306. Scopula: entire and distal on metatarsi I – II; entire on tarsus I; narrowly divided by setae on tarsus II; sparse and very widely divided on tarsi III – IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 8 – 9 each on tibiae, 12 – 14 on metatarsi, 11 – 12 on tarsi, 8 on cymbium. PTC I – II and III – IV with 8 – 10 and 9 – 11 teeth on each margin, respectively. SPINATION. Palp: femur d 3, pd 2, rd 2; patella pd 1; tibia d 2, p 3, r 1, v 6; cymbium d 10 (12). Leg I: femur d 4, pd 3, rd 3; patella p 1; tibia p 2, pv 1, r 2, rv 2 + 2 M; metatarsus v 1. Leg II: femur d 4, pd 3; patella p 1; tibia p 4 (3), v 7; metatarsus p 2 (1), v 4 (3). Leg III: femur d 4, pd 3, rd 2; patella p 3 (2), r 1; tibia d 3, p 3, r 3, v 8; metatarsus p 3, r 3, v 8. Leg IV: femur d 4, pd 3, rd 3; patella p 1, r 1; tibia d 3, p 3, r 3, v 9; metatarsus d 3, p 4, r 4, v 8. Tarsi I – IV aspinose. PALP. Tibia, cymbium and copulatory bulb as shown in Fig. 373. Embolus long tapering and slightly curved subapically (Figs 445 – 447). SPINNERETS. See Figs 605 – 606. PMS: length 0.23, diameter 0.12. PLS: maximal diameter 0.42; length of basal, medial and apical segments 0.68, 0.47, 0.38; total length 1.53; apical segment triangular. Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total Palp 2.61 (3.19) 1.41 (1.78) 1.83 (2.36) – 0.72 (2.25) 6.57 (9.58) Leg I 4.13 (4.31) 2.26 (2.77) 3.36 (3.41) 3.27 (2.66) 1.99 (2.04) 15.01 (15.19) Leg II 3.81 (4.13) 2.03 (2.47) 3.02 (2.88) 3.07 (2.70) 1.94 (2.03) 13.87 (14.21) Leg III 3.63 (3.46) 1.71 (1.89) 2.58 (2.45) 3.73 (3.02) 2.03 (2.03) 13.68 (12.85) Leg IV 4.71 (4.62) 2.14 (2.50) 3.67 (3.59) 5.18 (4.66) 2.65 (2.25) 18.35 (17.62) Female (paratype) HABITUS. See Fig. 57. MEASUREMENTS. TBL 18.10, CL 6.56, CW 5.54, LL 0.58, LW 1.13, SL 3.35, SW 2.84. COLOUR. As in male. CEPHALOTHORAX. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in Fig. 130. Clypeus and eye group as in Fig. 189. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.13 (0.19), ALE 0.28, PLE 0.20, PME 0.14; AME – AME 0.14 (0.08), ALE – AME 0.12 (0.09), ALE – PLE 0.07, PLE – PME 0.06, PME – PME 0.40. Cheliceral rastellum absent. Each cheliceral furrow with 9 promarginal teeth and 3 mesobasal denticles. Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in Fig. 250. Maxillae with 12 – 16 cuspules each. LEGS. Scopula: entire and distal on metatarsi I – II; entire on palpal tarsus and tarsus I; narrowly divided by setae on tarsus II; sparse and widely divided on tarsus III; rudimentary on tarsus IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 9 – 11 each on tibiae, 15 – 16 on metatarsi, 14 – 15 on tarsi, 10 on palpal tarsus. Palpal claw with 4 long promarginal teeth. PTC I – II and III – IV with 6 – 7 and 7 – 9 teeth on each margin, respectively. SPINATION. Femora with 1 – 2 basodorsal spine and 2 – 3 dorsal bristles; palpal patella and tarsi I – IV aspinose. Palp: femur pd 1; tibia v 7; tarsus v 4. Leg I: femur pd 1; patella p 1; tibia p 2, v 7; metatarsus v 6. Leg II: femur pd 1; patella p 1; tibia p 2, v 7; metatarsus v 6. Leg III: femur pd 3, rd 2; patella p 2, r 1; tibia d 1, p 2, r 2, v 7; metatarsus d 1, p 4, r 3, v 8 (7). Leg IV: femur pd 1, rd 1; patella p 1, r 1; tibia d 1, p 3 (2), r 3, v 7; metatarsus d 1, p 4, r 4, v 12 (10). SPERMATHECAE. Each of paired spermathecae Y-shaped with relatively short and wide base carrying two relatively short and widely diverging branches (Fig. 540). SPINNERETS. See Fig. 608. PMS: length 0.38, diameter 0.18. PLS: maximal diameter 0.62; length of basal, medial and apical segments 1.08, 0.55, 0.48; total length 2.11; apical segment triangular. Variation Carapace length in males (n = 9) varies from 4.41 to 5.69, in females (n = 11) from 4.72 to 7.37. Variations in the habitus, the eye group arrangement, and the structure of the sternum and the spinnerets are shown in Figs 24, 56, 78 – 79, 188, 249, 607. Variation in the structure of the spermathecae as shown in Figs 538 – 540.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235569FFFCFDD2E1CCFAB7CA0B.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology According to the observations and the labelled collection data, the spiders were collected under stones in a wide array of montane habitats – from shrubland on the lower border of the forested zone via the broad-leaved, mixed and coniferous montane forests (dominated by Juglans regia and Picea schrenkiana Fisch. & C. A. Mey., respectively) to the subalpine and alpine woodless grasslands (Figs 720 – 722). The spiders use cavities under stones as retreats. In Sary-Chelek Reserve, they can occur together with a sympatric species, Raveniola vulpina sp. nov. (the ranges of these two species partially overlap).	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235569FFFCFDD2E1CCFAB7CA0B.taxon	distribution	Distribution Known from Western Tien-Shan: Chatkal Mts. See Fig. 758. Notes When describing this species, the illustrations showing the copulatory bulb of the male holotype of R. vulpina sp. nov., stored in a folder under the name indicating the type locality, common for two species (Sary-Chelek), were mistakenly used instead of images of this structure actually belonging to the male holotype of the sympatric R. mikhailovi, kept in the same folder. This error is corrected herein. All other images of the holotype, used at the original description (Zonstein 2021: figs 1, 5), are correct.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B723556CFFF2FD96E3A4FAC4C9B2.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 0 AF 92 C 5 C- 1013 - 4448 - 8948 - 0447994 ACDAC Figs 25, 58, 105, 131, 160, 190, 224, 251, 283, 307, 374, 448 – 449, 541 – 543, 609 – 611, 723 – 730, 758	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B723556CFFF2FD96E3A4FAC4C9B2.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Males of Raveniola nenilini sp. nov. differ from the related male congeners by the following characters: from R. michailovi and R. virgata by a gently arcuate (vs slightly twisted) embolus, and from R. vulpina sp. nov. in having a considelably shorter and stouter palpal tibia, as well as a broader copulatory bulb (Figs 374, 448 – 449 cf. Figs 377 – 378, 445 – 447, 454 – 465). Females of R. nenilini are distinguishable due to a specific structure of the spermathecae, with long strap-shaped trunks, and long and thin lateral diverticula, where each diverticulum starts with a long and narrow neck and ends with a short subglobular fundus (vs differently arranged spermathecal structures in other species). See Figs 541 – 543 cf. Figs 538 – 540, 544 – 550).	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B723556CFFF2FD96E3A4FAC4C9B2.taxon	etymology	Etymology The specific epithet is given in honour and memory of Andrei Nenilin (1960 – 1986), noting his role in the modern research of the Central Asian spider fauna.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B723556CFFF2FD96E3A4FAC4C9B2.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Holotype UZBEKISTAN • ♂; Ugam Mts (southern slope), Kainarsai Gorge; 41 ° 42.3 ′ N, 70 ° 00.5 ′ E; 1300 m a. s. l.; 24 Apr. 1983; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH. Paratypes (2 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀) UZBEKISTAN • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; 1300 – 1400 m a. s. l.; SMNH • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; 1150 – 1250 m a. s. l.; 19 – 20 Oct. 1985; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH • 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype, Sijaksai Gorge; 41 ° 43 ′ N, 70 ° 03 ′ E; 1200 m a. s. l.; 31 Mar. 1983; A. B. Nenilin and S. V. Ovchinnikov leg.; SMNH • 1 ♀; Chimgan Mts (northern slope), Mazarsai Canyon; 41 º 33 ′ N, 70 º 05 ′ E; 1200 m a. s. l.; 16 Jun. 1995; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding, Gulikamsai Canyon; 41 º 33 ′ N, 70 º 04 ′ E; 1300 m a. s. l.; 8 May 2023; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH. Additional material (4 ♀♀, 3 juvs) UZBEKISTAN • 1 juv.; Chatkal Mts (western slope), Aksakata Canyon, northwestern slope of Mt Syurenata; 41 ° 24 ′ N, 69 ° 51 ′ E; 1600 – 1800 m a. s. l.; 3 May 2018; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH • 1 juv.; Ugam Mts, Urumgachsai Gorge; 41 ° 55 ′ N, 70 ° 20 ′ E; 1300 m a. s. l.; 24 Jun. 1997; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH • 1 juv.; Karzhantau Mts, Kansai Canyon, 2 km W of Khumsan Town; 41 ° 41 ′ N, 69 ° 55 ′ E; 1050 m a. s. l.; 6 May 2022; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH • 4 ♀♀; Qurama Mts, Kamchik Pass; 41 ° 06 ′ N, 70 ° 31 ′ E; 2200 m a. s. l.; 8 Apr. 1986; S. V. Ovchinnikov leg.; SMNH.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B723556CFFF2FD96E3A4FAC4C9B2.taxon	description	Description Male (holotype) HABITUS. See Fig. 25. MEASUREMENTS. TBL 8.55, CL 4.26, CW 3.77, LL 0.34, LW 0.71, SL 2.04, SW 1.71. COLOUR. Carapace and chelicerae uniformly brownish orange; eye tubercle blackish brown; palps and legs yellowish orange (leg I slightly darker than other legs); sternum, labium and maxillae light yellowish orange; abdomen dorsally with reticulate pattern consisting of numerous dense and irregular light yellow spots on medium chestnut brown background, and ventrally light greyish brown, with pale yellowish brown book-lungs and spinnerets. CEPHALOTHORAX. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in Fig. 105. Clypeus and eye group as in Fig. 160. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.10 (0.14), ALE 0.19, PLE 0.14, PME 0.11; AME – AME 0.12 (0.08), ALE – AME 0.06 (0.04), ALE – PLE 0.05, PLE – PME 0.04, PME – PME 0.25. Anterior cheliceral edge with unmodified setae; rastellum not developed. Each cheliceral furrow with 9 promarginal teeth and 2 mesobasal denticles. MIT indiscernible. Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in Fig. 224. Maxillae with 17 – 18 cuspules each. LEGS. Tibia and metatarsus I as in Figs 283, 307. Scopula: entire and distal on metatarsi I – II; entire on tarsus I; narrowly divided with setae on tarsus II; sparse and widely divided on tarsi III – IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 8 – 9 each on tibiae, 10 – 11 on metatarsi, 11 – 12 on tarsi, 9 – 10 on cymbium. PTC I – IV with 9 – 10 teeth on each margin. SPINATION. Palpal patella, patella I, and tarsi I – IV aspinose. Palp: femur d 3, pd 2; tibia d 1, p 3, r 1, v 3; cymbium d 4 (5). Leg I: femur d 4, pd 3, rd 3; tibia p 2, pv 2, r 1, rv 2 (1) + 2 M; metatarsus v 2. Leg II: femur d 4, pd 3; patella p 1; tibia p 3, v 7; metatarsus p 1, v 6. Leg III: femur d 4, pd 3, rd 3; patella p 2; tibia d 2, p 3, r 3, v 7; metatarsus d 2, p 3, r 3, v 7. Leg IV: femur d 4, pd 3, rd 3; patella p 1, r 1; tibia d 2, p 3, r 3, v 7; metatarsus d 3 (2), p 3, r 4, v 8. PALP. Tibia, cymbium and copulatory bulb as shown in Fig. 374. Embolus long, tapering and slightly curved subapically (Figs 448 – 449). SPINNERETS. See Fig. 609. PMS: length 0.16, diameter 0.06. PLS: maximal diameter 0.31; length of basal, medial and apical segments 0.64, 0.28, 0.29; total length 1.21; apical segment triangular. Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total Palp 2.41 (3.53) 1.24 (1.98) 1.81 (2.31) – 0.64 (2.06) 6.10 (9.88) Leg I 4.04 (4.52) 1.96 (2.76) 3.11 (3.29) 2.99 (2.24) 1.98 (1.69) 14.08 (14.50) Leg II 3.87 (4.45) 1.82 (2.57) 2.80 (2.87) 2.82 (2.21) 1.87 (1.58) 13.18 (13.68) Leg III 3.34 (3.36) 1.26 (2.08) 2.31 (2.37) 3.22 (2.98) 1.91 (1.99) 12.04 (12.78) Leg IV 4.06 (5.04) 1.75 (2.41) 3.19 (3.18) 4.29 (4.11) 2.20 (2.17) 15.49 (16.91) Female (paratype from Kainarsai) HABITUS. See Fig. 58. MEASUREMENTS. TBL 16.50, CL 6.62, CW 5.87, LL 0.53, LW 1.11, SL 3.26, SW 2.80. COLOUR. As in male. CEPHALOTHORAX. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in Fig. 131. Clypeus and eye group as in Fig. 190. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.14 (0.19), ALE 0.27, PLE 0.20, PME 0.14; AME – AME 0.21 (0.16), ALE – AME 0.16 (0.14), ALE – PLE 0.12, PLE – PME 0.10, PME – PME 0.48. Cheliceral rastellum absent. Each cheliceral furrow with 9 – 10 promarginal teeth and 2 mesobasal denticles. Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in Fig. 251. Maxillae with 15 – 17 cuspules each. LEGS. Scopula: entire and distal on metatarsi I – II; entire on palpal tarsus and tarsus I; narrowly divided by setae on tarsus II; sparse and widely divided on tarsus III; rudimentary on tarsus IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 8 – 10 each on tibiae, 13 – 19 on metatarsi, 12 – 14 on tarsi, 9 on palpal tarsus. Palpal claw with 3 promarginal teeth. PTC I – II and III – IV with 4 – 5 and 5 – 6 teeth on each margin, respectively. SPINATION. Femora I – IV with 1 – 2 basodorsal spines and 2 – 3 dorsal spikes (underdeveloped spines); palpal femur dorsally with 3 spikes; palpal patella, patella I, and tarsi I – IV aspinose. Palp: femur pd 1; tibia p 2, v 4; tarsus v 2. Leg I: femur pd 2; tibia p 2, v 3; metatarsus v 4. Leg II: femur pd 2; patella p 1; tibia p 2, v 5; metatarsus v 7. Leg III: femur pd 3, rd 2; patella p 3 (2), r 1; tibia d 1, p 2, r 2 (1), v 7; metatarsus d 3 (2), p 3, r 3, v 8 (7). Leg IV: femur pd 1, rd 1; patella r 1; tibia p 2, r 2, v 7; metatarsus p 3, r 2, v 8 (7). SPERMATHECAE. Each of paired spermathecae Y-shaped with relatively short and wide base carrying two equally thin, long and weakly diverging branches (Fig. 542). SPINNERETS. See Fig. 610. PMS: length 0.28, diameter 0.15. PLS: maximal diameter 0.65; length of basal, medial and apical segments 0.84, 0.45, 0.37; total length 1.66; apical segment triangular. Variation Carapace length in male paratypes (n = 2) varies from 3.84 to 4.73, in females (n = 8) from 3.67 to 6.62. Variation in the structure of the spermathecae and female spinnerets as shown in Figs 541, 543 and 611.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B723556CFFF2FD96E3A4FAC4C9B2.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology All spiders were found hiding in leaf litter or in soil cavities under stones in the montane woods, composed of Acer spp., Juglans regia and Juniperus spp. (Figs 723 – 730).	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B723556CFFF2FD96E3A4FAC4C9B2.taxon	distribution	Distribution Known from the westernmost part of the Tieng-Shan mountain system: Ugam Mts and adjoining part of Chimgan Mts. Most likely, a few conspecific specimens, represented chiefly by juveniles, were found also in midlands and highlands of the neighboring Chatkal, Karzhantau and Qurama Mts. See Fig. 758.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235563FFF0FDB5E622FB9CC8E8.taxon	description	Figs 26 – 27, 106, 161, 225, 284 – 285, 375, 450 – 453, 612, 759	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235563FFF0FDB5E622FB9CC8E8.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Raveniola ovchinnikovi sp. nov. clearly differs from other species of the group by having a pale coloured body and legs, as well as by the full absence of the abdominal pattern and by its clearly longer (shortly digitiform vs triangular) apical segments of PLS (Figs 26 – 27, 612 cf. 19 – 24, 28 – 35, 75 – 81, 597 – 598, 605, 609, 614, 616).	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235563FFF0FDB5E622FB9CC8E8.taxon	etymology	Etymology The specific epithet is given in honour and memory of Sergei Ovchinnikov (1958 – 2007) noting his considerable contribution to the modern study of Central Asian spiders.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235563FFF0FDB5E622FB9CC8E8.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Holotype KYRGYZSTAN • ♂; foothills of Kyrgyz Mts (northern slope), Kok-Dzhar Gorge, 3 km SSE of Bishkek; 42 ° 47.4 ′ N, 74 ° 37.7 ′ E; 1100 m a. s. l.; 15 Oct. 1992; S. V. Ovchinnikov leg.; SMNH. Paratype KYRGYZSTAN • 1 ♂; same collecting data as for preceding, Orto-Sai Canyon, 2.5 km S of Bishkek; 42 ° 47.7 ′ N, 74 ° 36.2 ′ E; 1050 m a. s. l.; SMNH. Additional material (5 juvs) KAZAKHSTAN • 1 juv.; foothills of Chu-Ili Mts, surroundings of Kordai Town; 43 ° 02 ′ N, 74 ° 43 ′ E; 600 – 700 m a. s. l.; 11 Jun. 1983; S. V. Ovchinnikov leg.; SMNH. KYRGYZSTAN • 1 juv.; foothills of Kyrgyz Mts, Alamedin Canyon, 12 km SE of Bishkek, environs of Koi-Tash Village; 42 ° 43 ′ N, 74 ° 40 ′ E; 1300 m a. s. l.; 20 Jul. 1978; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH • 2 juvs; Chu Valley, bank of Ala-Archa River, 1 km N of Bishkek; 42 ° 57 ′ N, 74 ° 34.5 ′ E; 700 m a. s. l.; 5 Apr. 1983; S. Zonstein and S. V. Ovchinnikov leg.; SMNH • 1 juv; foothills of Kyrgyz Mts (northern slope), Jardy-Kaindy Canyon, 80 km WSW of Bishkek; 42 ° 41 ′ N, 73 ° 37 ′ E; 1200 m a. s. l.; 11 Jun. 1985; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235563FFF0FDB5E622FB9CC8E8.taxon	description	Description Male (holotype) HABITUS. See Fig. 26. MEASUREMENTS. TBL 9.10, CL 4.03, CW 3.52, LL 0.37, LW 0.78, SL 2.12, SW 1.84. COLOUR. Entire cephalothorax, palps and legs pale orange; carapace and chelicerae slightly darker, light brownish orange; eye tubercle dark brown to brownish black; abdomen uniformly pale greyish white, without dorsal pattern; spinnerets very pale greyish yellow. CEPHALOTHORAX. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in Fig. 106. Clypeus and eye group as in Fig. 161. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.12 (0.16), ALE 0.19, PLE 0.11, PME 0.09; AME – AME 0.14 (0.10), ALE – AME 0.06 (0.04), ALE – PLE 0.05, PLE – PME 0.04, PME – PME 0.30. Anterior cheliceral edge with unmodified setae; rastellum absent. Each cheliceral furrow with 10 – 11 promarginal teeth and 4 mesobasal denticles. MIT indiscernible. Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in Fig. 225. Maxillae with 12 – 13 cuspules each. LEGS. Tibia and metatarsus I as in Fig. 284. Scopula: entire and distal on metatarsi I – II; entire on tarsus I; narrowly divided with setae on tarsus II; widely divided on tarsus III; sparse and rudimentary on tarsus IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 8 – 9 each on tibiae, 8 – 11 on metatarsi, 10 – 12 on tarsi, 8 on cymbium. PTC I – IV with 8 and 8 – 10 teeth on outer and inner margins, respectively. Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total Palp 2.33 1.23 2.17 – 0.63 6.36 Leg I 4.16 2.16 3.25 3.21 2.12 14.90 Leg II 3.94 1.93 3.18 3.16 2.13 14.34 Leg III 3.49 1.25 1.92 3.14 2.15 11.95 Leg IV 4.21 1.91 3.67 3.78 2.67 16.24 SPINATION. Palpal patella, patellae I – II, and tarsi I – IV aspinose. Palp: femur d 2, pd 2, rd 2; tibia d 4, pv 3, r 2, v 5; tarsus d 5. Leg I: femur d 4, pd 2, rd 2; tibia p 2, r 2, pv 2, rv 2 + 2 M; metatarsus v 1. Leg II: femur d 4, pd 2; tibia p 3, v 7; metatarsus p 1, v 6. Leg III: femur d 4, pd 3, rd 2; patella p 2, r 2 (1); tibia d 3, p 3, r 3, v 7; metatarsus d 3, p 4, r 3, v 7. Leg IV: femur d 4, pd 3, rd 2; patella p 2 r 2 (1); tibia d 1, d 3 (2), p 3, r 4, v 7; metatarsus d 3, p 3, r 3 (1), v 8 (6). PALP. Tibia, cymbium and copulatory bulb as shown in Fig. 375. Embolus long, tapering and slightly curved subapically (Figs 450 – 452). SPINNERETS. See Fig. 612. PMS: length 0.18, diameter 0.07. PLS: maximal diameter 0.33; length of basal, medial and apical segments 0.90, 0.57, 0.52; total length 1.99; apical segment digitiform. Female Unknown. Variation Carapace length in the male paratype 3.68. The variation in habitus and the structure of the male tibia and metatarsus I, and the copulatory bulb, as shown in Figs 27, 285 and 453.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235563FFF0FDB5E622FB9CC8E8.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology Unlike most species of the group, Raveniola ovchinnikovi sp. nov. occurs in a subarid low-altitude zone of intermontain valleys and in dry low foothills, where it inhabits steppe biotopes on the loess substrate. All spiders were collected from cavities and cracks in the clay precipices or from abandoned rodent burrows.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235563FFF0FDB5E622FB9CC8E8.taxon	distribution	Distribution The northernmost part of Kyrghyztan and the adjoining territory of southeastern Kazakhstan: the Chu Valley and the adjoining foothills of Kyrgyz and Chu-Ili Mts. See Fig. 759.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235560FFF6FD9FE1DBFF6CCBC2.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: E 4 DE 9 EC 3 - 3 D 2 A- 4 F 4 B- 9167 - 3 D 80 A 69832 E 5 Figs 59, 132, 191, 252, 544 – 546, 613, 759	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235560FFF6FD9FE1DBFF6CCBC2.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis The new species can be distinguished from other members of the group by having smaller PME (which are about 0.7 times as large as AME) and, correspondingly, by larger interdistances AME – PME and PLE – PME (which are approximately equal to two and one PME diameters, respectively). Within other related species, AME are subequal to PME, and the distances AME – PME and PLE – PME are clearly shorter than two and one PME diameter, respectively. The structure of the spermathecae in R. tarabaevi sp. nov. most closely resembles that in R. kirgizica sp. nov.; both species share a relatively short and subapically constricted spermathetical trunk, combined with a long lateral diverticulum. However, in R. tarabaevi, the main trunk is not so slender as in R. kirgizica (Figs 544 – 546 cf. Fig. 537).	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235560FFF6FD9FE1DBFF6CCBC2.taxon	etymology	Etymology The specific epithet is given in honour and memory of Chingiz Tarabaev (1951 – 1999), for his significant personal contribution to the modern study of the Central Asian spider fauna.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235560FFF6FD9FE1DBFF6CCBC2.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Holotype KAZAKHSTAN • ♀; Zhetyzhol Mts, Kastek Ridge, Uzunbulak Gorge, eastern slope of Mt Beriktas; 42 ° 54 ′ N, 75 ° 33 ′ E; 1700 – 1900 m a. s. l.; 12 May 1988; S. Zonstein and S. Ovchinnikov leg.; SMNH. Paratypes KAZAKHSTAN • 6 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; SMNH. Additional material KAZAKHSTAN • 2 ♀♀; Trans-Ili Mts, Turgen Canyon 8 km S of Turgen Town, forest protection area; 43 ° 18 ′ N, 77 ° 38 ′ E; 1500 m a. s. l.; 12 Jul. 1993; S. Ovchinnikov and D. Milko leg.; SMNH.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235560FFF6FD9FE1DBFF6CCBC2.taxon	description	Description Female (holotype) HABITUS. See Fig. 59. MEASUREMENTS. TBL 15.75, CL 4.91, CW 4.54, LL 0.47, LW 0.98, SL 2.62, SW 2.36. COLOUR. Carapace, sternum, labium, maxillae, palps and legs uniformly light ginger orange; eye tubercle blackish brown; chelicerae reddish orange; abdomen and spinnerets pale grayish brown; abdomen dorsally with slightly darker grayish cardiac mark followed behind by several very small and almost indistinct brownish chevrons. CEPHALOTHORAX. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in Fig. 132. Clypeus and eye group as in Fig. 191. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.12 (0.16), ALE 0.27, PLE 0.14, PME 0.08; AME – AME 0.14 (0.10), ALE – AME 0.12 (0.10), ALE – PLE 0.11, PLE – PME 0.07, PME – PME 0.37. Cheliceral rastellum absent. Each cheliceral furrow with 9 promarginal teeth and 3 – 4 relatively large mesobasal denticles. Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in Fig. 252. Maxillae with 22 cuspules each. LEGS. Scopula: entire and distal on metatarsi I – II; narrowly divided on palpal tarsus and tarsi I – II; sparse and widely divided on tarsus III; absent on tarsus IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 8 – 9 each on tibiae, 14 – 16 on metatarsi, 11 – 13 on tarsi, 9 on palpal tarsus. Palpal claw with 4 promarginal teeth. PTC I – IV with 6 – 8 teeth on each margin. Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total Palp 2.77 1.43 1.88 – 1.63 7.71 Leg I 3.43 2.07 2.79 1.94 1.58 11.81 Leg II 3.24 2.01 2.30 2.08 1.59 11.22 Leg III 3.05 1.82 2.03 2.65 1.67 11.22 Leg IV 3.89 2.03 2.91 3.66 1.93 14.42 SPINATION. Femora I – IV with one basodorsal spine and 3 dorsal bristles; palpal femur dorsally with 3 bristles; tarsi I – IV aspinose. Palp: femur pd 1; patella p 1; tibia v 7; tarsus v 2. Leg I: femur pd 1; patella p 1; tibia p 1 (0), v 6; metatarsus v 7. Leg II: femur pd 1; patella p 1; tibia p 1, v 6; metatarsus v 7. Leg III: femur pd 2, rd 2; patella r 1; tibia d 1, p 2, r 3, v 7; metatarsus d 2, p 3, r 3, v 7. Leg IV: femur pd 2, rd 1; patella p 1, r 1; tibia d 1, p 3, r 2, v 7; metatarsus d 2, p 4 (3), r 3, v 8. SPERMATHECAE. Each of paired spermathecae Y-shaped with short spermathecal trunk carrying relatively long lateral diverticulum with fairly pronounced terminal fundus (Fig. 544). SPINNERETS. See Fig. 613. PMS: length 0.29, diameter 0.13. PLS: maximal diameter 0.59; length of basal, medial and apical segments 0.81, 0.54, 0.48; total length 1.83; apical segment triangular. Male Unknown. Variation Carapace length in females (n = 6) varies from 4.37 to 6.25. Abdomen dorsally with a weak brownish chevron-like pattern that ranges from poorly discernible to almost indistinct throughout the specimens. Within the type series, only a minor variation in the structure of the spermathecae is observed, as shown in Figs 545 – 546.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235560FFF6FD9FE1DBFF6CCBC2.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology All spiders were found hiding under stones in small mountain gorges covered with open low forest and shrubs.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235560FFF6FD9FE1DBFF6CCBC2.taxon	distribution	Distribution Kazakhstan: Northern Tien-Shan (Trans-Ili Mt Ridge, including its western spur, Zhetyzhol Mts). See Fig. 759.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235560FFF6FD9FE1DBFF6CCBC2.taxon	discussion	Notes Logunov & Gromov (2012: text figure on p. 28) depicted a female belonging to this species as Raveniola sp.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235566FFEAFDB9E2FDFBC6CFEE.taxon	description	Figs 28 – 33, 60, 107, 133, 162 – 163, 192 – 193, 201, 226, 253, 286 – 287, 308, 343 – 348, 376, 454 – 458, 478, 486, 547 – 550, 614 – 615, 731 – 734, 739 – 746, 760	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235566FFEAFDB9E2FDFBC6CFEE.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Males of Raveniola virgata are distinguishable due to a unique array of generally unexceptional characters: a stouter tibia I with the megaspines set closer to each other; a gently curved and completely aspinose metatarsus I; a shorter and stouter palpal tibia; a moderately long and very gently twisted embolus. None of the sibling species (R. mikhailovi, R. nenilini sp. nov. and R. vulpina sp. nov.) share the same combination. See Figs 28 – 30, 286 – 287, 308, 376, 454 – 458 cf. Figs 283 – 284, 288 – 289, 306 – 307, 309, 373 – 374, 377 – 378, 445 – 449, 459 – 465. Females of R. virgata differ poorly by their somatic structures from females of the related species and can be distinguished from them mostly by the specific structure of the spermathecae, with long inclined trunks and weakly diverging diverticula (Figs 547 – 550 cf. Figs 538 – 543, 551 – 554).	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235566FFEAFDB9E2FDFBC6CFEE.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Lectotype KYRGYZSTAN • ♂ (no other data except “ Margelhan ”, the labeled locality seems to be given as a relatively close geographic point, known at that time; most likely, it does not correspond to the current Margelan in Fergana Region, Uzbekistan); MNHN 6506 – B 361. Paralectotype KYRGYZSTAN • 1 ♀; collected together with the holotype and placed in the same vial. Additional materia l (32 ♂♂, 131 ♀♀, 3 juvs) KYRGYZSTAN • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Fergana Mts, Gava (labeled as “ Kawa ”); 41 ° 15 ′ N, 72 ° 50 ′ E; 1300 – 1500 m a. s. l.; 1912; K. Küchler leg.; SMF • 1 ♂, 11 ♀♀; Fergana Mts, 2 km N of Charvak Village; 41 ° 16.7 ′ N, 72 ° 59.5 ′ E; 1100 – 1250 m a. s. l.; 5 May 1981; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH • 4 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; 1000 – 1050 m a. s. l.; 28 May 1981; SMNH • 1 ♂, 7 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; 6 – 8 Jun. 1981; SMNH • 7 ♀♀; Fergana Mts, surroundings of Gumhana Village; 41 ° 19 ′ N, 72 ° 58 ′ E; 1300 – 1450 m a. s. l.; 1 – 2 Aug. 1981; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 24 Aug. 1981; SMNH • 1 ♂; Fergana Mts, Airy Gorge; 41 ° 22.4 ′ N, 72 ° 59.8 ′ E; 2050 m a. s. l.; 16 Oct. 1980; S. Zonstein leg.; ZISP • 1 ♂, 8 ♀♀; Fergana Mts, environs of Dashman Village; 41 ° 21 ′ N, 73 ° 00 ′ E; 1600 – 2000 m a. s. l.; 19 – 26 Oct. 1980; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH • 7 ♀♀; Fergana Mts, Jaradar Gorge; 41 ° 20 ′ N, 72 ° 59 ′ E; 1350 – 1600 m a. s. l.; 10 – 13 Jun. 1979; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH • 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; 18 Oct. 1980; SMNH • 9 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; 3 – 10 Jun. 1982; SMNH • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 25 Jun. 1981; SMNH • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; 10 – 14 Oct. 1982; SMNH • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 29 May 1984; SMNH • 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; 10 – 11 Oct. 1985; SMNH • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; 16 Apr. 1981; M. A. Kozlov leg.; ZMMU • 3 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; 29 Sep. 1983; K. Y. Eskov leg.; ZMMU • 3 ♀♀; Fergana Mts, vicinity of Arslanbob Town; 41 ° 20.0 ′ – 41 ° 22.3 ′ N, 72 ° 56.5 ′ – 72 ° 58.0 ′ E; 1550 – 2100 m a. s. l.; 23 Jun. 1981; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH • 18 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; 2 – 9 Jul. 1981; SMNH • 3 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; 27 Sep. – 12 Oct. 1983; SMNH • 17 ♂♂, 23 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; 22 – 24 Oct. 1992; SMNH • 1 ♀; Fergana Mts, Arslanbob Canyon; 41 ° 24 ′ N, 72 ° 58 ′ E; 2400 m a. s. l.; 5 Oct. 1982; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH • 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; 2200 m a. s. l.; 30 Sep. 1983; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH • 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; 2600 – 3000 m a. s. l.; 17 Jul. 1991; S. V. Ovchinnikov leg.; SMNH • 1 ♀; Fergana Mts, northern slope below Kenkol Pass; 41 ° 32.6 ′ N, 73 ° 02.5 ′ E; 2200 m a. s. l.; 21 Jul. 1993; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH • 5 ♀♀; Fergana Mts, Karaungur Canyon, vicinity of Kenkol Lake; 41 ° 31 ′ N, 73 ° 02 ′ E; 1800 m a. s. l.; 16 Jul. 1995; leg. S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH • 1 ♀; Fergana Mts, Kugart Canyon, near Kara-Alma Village; 41 ° 13 ′ N, 73 ° 20 ′ E; 1400 – 1500 m a. s. l.; 29 May 1979; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH • 1 ♀; Fergana Mts, Yassy Canyon, Zindansai Gorge, 2.5 km N of Akterek Village; 40 ° 53 ′ N, 73 ° 41 ′ E; 1400 m a. s. l.; 18 Aug. 1985; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH • 1 juv.; Alash Mts, Toskaul Canyon, Kerege-Tash Gorge; 41 ° 15.5 ′ N, 72 ° 39.4 ′ E; 1500 m a. s. l.; 13 May 1993; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH • 4 ♀♀; Surentyube Mts, Changet Canyon, Telek (Toluk) Gorge; 40 ° 57 ′ N, 73 ° 11 ′ E; 1400 m a. s. l.; 9 Apr. 1983; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH • 2 juvs; same collection data as for preceding; Sarybulak Gorge; 40 ° 59 ′ N, 73 ° 17 ′ E; 1600 m a. s. l.; 2 Oct. 1985; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235566FFEAFDB9E2FDFBC6CFEE.taxon	description	Description Male (lectotype MNHN 6506 – B. 361) The figures used also partially refer to the most similar male from the vicinity of Arslanbob. HABITUS. As shown in Figs 28, 29, 32, 33. MEASUREMENTS. TBL ca 11.50, CL 4.56, CW 4.21, LL 0.47, LW 0.90, SL 2.35, SW 1.98. COLOUR. Carapace, palps and legs medium foxy brown; tibia I slightly darker than other segments of legs I – IV; eye tubercle blackish brown; chelicerae medium red; sternum, labium and maxillae light yellowish brown; abdomen grayish brown, dorsally with brownish dorsal chevron-like pattern; epigastrum, book-lungs and spinnerets light yellowish brown. CEPHALOTHORAX. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in Fig. 107. Clypeus and eye group as in Fig. 162. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.15 (0.20), ALE 0.26, PLE 0.20, PME 0.14; AME – AME 0.12 (0.07), ALE – AME 0.08 (0.06), ALE – PLE 0.07, PLE – PME 0.05, PME – PME 0.32. Anterior cheliceral edge with unmodified setae; intercheliceral tumescence absent (see Fig. 201). Each cheliceral furrow with 10 promarginal teeth and 4 mesobasal denticles (as in Fig. 343). Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in Figs 226, 344. Maxillae with 12 – 14 cuspules each. LEGS. Tibia and metatarsus I as in Figs 286, 308. Scopula: entire and distal on metatarsi I – II; entire on tarsi I – II; vestigial on tarsi III – IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 8 each on tibiae, 12 – 15 on metatarsi, 12 – 13 on tarsi, 9 on cymbium. Trichobothrial bases and tarsal organ of leg I as shown in Figs 345 – 347. Paired tarsal claws wide, unpaired claw small and sharply inclined ventrad (as in Fig. 348). PTC I – IV with 9 – 10 and 11 teeth on outer and inner margin, respectively. SPINATION. Palp: femur d 4, pd 1, rd 1; tibia d 1, p 3, r 1, v 6; cymbium d 5. Leg I: femur d 3, pd 2; tibia p 2, pv 2, r 2, rv 2 + 2 M. Leg II: femur d 3, pd 3; tibia p 2, v 6; metatarsus p 1, v 5. Leg III: femur d 4, pd 3, rd 2; patella p 2, r 1; tibia d 1, p 4 (3), r 3, v 6; metatarsus d 4, p 3, r 3, v 7 (6). Leg IV: femur d 4, pd 3, rd 2; patella r 1; tibia d 4, p 3, r 4, v 6; metatarsus d 4, p 5, r 4, v 9. Palpal patella, patellae I – II, metatarsus I and tarsi I – IV aspinose. PALP. Tibia, cymbium and copulatory bulb as shown in Fig. 376. Long, thin and very gently S-shaped embolus gradually tapering to apex (Figs 29, 454 – 455, 478). SPINNERETS. See Figs 486, 614. PMS: length 0.28, diameter 0.13. PLS: maximal diameter 0.35; length of basal, medial and apical segments 0.60, 0.40, 0.38; total length 1.38; apical segment triangular. Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total Palp 2.58 (2.18) 1.50 (1.35) 2.27 (1.60) – 0.70 (1.28) 7.05 (6.41) Leg I 4.48 (2.67) 2.53 (1.90) 3.28 (1.92) 3.33 (1.40) 1.95 (1.07) 15.57 (8.96) Leg II 3.87 (2.45) 2.23 (1.65) 3.15 (1.77) 3.15 (1.45) 1.95 (1.13) 14.35 (8.45) Leg III 3.63 (2.25) 1.75 (1.35) 2.83 (1.52) 3.63 (1.87) 2.12 (1.30) 13.96 (8.26) Leg IV 4.45 (3.07) 2.05 (1.60) 3.57 (2.27) 5.18 (2.83) 2.50 (1.50) 17.75 (11.27) Female (paralectotype MNHN 6506 – B. 361) The figures used also partially refer to the most similar female from Arslanbob. HABITUS. As shown in Fig. 60. MEASUREMENTS. TBL ca 12.50, CL 3.98, CW 3.42, LL 0.40, LW 0.77, SL 2.03, SW 1.80. COLOUR. As in male, but uniformly coloured legs I – IV slightly paler; abdomen dorsally with more contrasting chevron-like pattern. CEPHALOTHORAX. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in Fig. 133. Clypeus and eye group as in Fig. 192. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.13 (0.17), ALE 0.20, PLE 0.13, PME 0.11; AME – AME 0.11 (0.07), ALE – AME 0.07 (0.05), ALE – PLE 0.05, PLE – PME 0.03, PME – PME 0.28. Cheliceral rastellum absent. Each cheliceral furrow with 9 promarginal teeth and 3 – 4 mesobasal denticles. Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in Fig. 253. Maxillae with 17 – 22 cuspules each. LEGS. Scopula: entire and distal on metatarsi I – II; entire on palpal tarsus and tarsus I; narrowly divided by setae on tarsus II, absent on tarsi III – IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 9 each on tibiae, 12 – 14 on metatarsi, 11 – 12 on tarsi; 9 on palpal tarsus. Palpal claw with 4 promarginal teeth. PTC I – II with 5 teeth on each margin; PTC III – IV with 4 and 5 – 6 teeth on outer and inner margin, respectively. SPINATION. Femora I – IV with one basodorsal spine and 3 dorsal spikes; palpal femur dorsally with 3 spikes; palpal patella, patellae I – II, and tarsi I – IV aspinose. Palp: femur pd 1; tibia v 7; tarsus v 8 (3). Leg I: femur pd 1; tibia v 5; metatarsus v 5. Leg II: femur pd 1; tibia p 2, v 5; metatarsus v 6. Leg III: femur rd 1; patella p 1, r 1; tibia d 1, p 2, r 2, v 7; metatarsus d 3, p 3, r 3, v 7. Leg IV: femur rd 1; patella p 1, r 1; tibia d 1, p 2, r 2, v 7; metatarsus d 1, p 4, r 3, v 7. SPERMATHECAE. Each of paired spermathecae Y-shaped with narrow base carrying two equally thick, long and weakly diverging branches (Fig. 547). SPINNERETS. See Fig. 615. PMS: length 0.38, diameter 0.17. PLS: maximal diameter 0.69; length of basal, medial and apical segments 1.08, 0.64, 0.63; total length 2.35; apical segment triangular. Variation Carapace length in conspecific males (n = 21) varies from 4.14 to 5.62, in females (n = 28) from 4.52 to 7.33. Variation in the colouration, in the structure of the eye group, and the male tibia and metatarsus I, as shown in Figs 30 – 33, 163, 193, 287. Variation in the structure of the copulatory bulb and the spermathecae as shown in Figs 456 – 458 and 548 – 550, respectively.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235566FFEAFDB9E2FDFBC6CFEE.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology Most of the collected spiders were found hiding in soil cavities under stones, or in leaf litter, in tall and dense montane forest at 1200 – 2200 m a. s. l., dominated by walnut, Juglans regia (Figs 731 – 734). Other specimens occured in a shrubland and fragmentary woodland area at 1000 – 1250 m a. s. l. (i. e., within the transition zone below the lower forest boundary), or in subalpine and alpine meadows at 2200 – 3000 m a. s. l., above the forested midland belt.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235566FFEAFDB9E2FDFBC6CFEE.taxon	distribution	Distribution Kyrgyzstan: Fergana Mts, including the northwestern spurs of this mountain ridge. See Fig. 760.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B7235566FFEAFDB9E2FDFBC6CFEE.taxon	discussion	Notes Simon (1891) very roughly defined the type locality of R. virgata as noted above. Bakhromova (2016) and Yunusov et al. (2022) noted this species for the entire Ferghana Depression (divided between Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan), without making distinctions between the countries represented here. No actual records in Uzbekistan have been registered since the original description of this species (1891). Conversely, all the examined congeners collected from this part of Uzbekistan were found to belong to R. ferghanensis. The assumed record of R. virgata in Kazakhstan (Logunov & Gromov 2012: 220) remains unconfirmed; most likely, it can be based on misidentified material.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B723557AFFE8FD94E6DEFD49C83A.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: C 7957862 - 1670 - 4 A 16 - AF 15 - DABDA 8453319 Figs 34 – 35, 61 – 62, 76 – 77, 108, 134 – 135, 164 – 165, 194 – 195, 227 – 228, 254 – 255, 288 – 289, 309, 377 – 378, 459 – 465, 551 – 554, 616 – 618, 735 – 738, 760	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B723557AFFE8FD94E6DEFD49C83A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Males of Raveniola vulpina sp. nov. differ from the related male congeners by the following characters: from R. michailovi and R. virgata by a gently arcuate (vs slightly twisted) embolus, and from R. nenilini sp. nov. in having a considerably longer and thinner palpal tibia, as well as a narrower copulatory bulb (Figs 377 – 378, 459 – 465 cf. Figs 373 – 374, 376, 447, 458). Females of R. vulpina differ from females of the related species in having the dorsal abdominal pattern lacking a clearly discernible median stripe (vs its presence; see Figs 61 – 62 cf. Figs 56 – 58, 60). Additionally, they are distinguishable due to a specific structure of the spermathecae, with broadly spaced, curved and flattened trunks and widely diverging lateral diverticula (vs differently arranged spermathecal structures in other species; Figs 551 – 554 cf. Figs 538 – 543, 547 – 550).	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B723557AFFE8FD94E6DEFD49C83A.taxon	etymology	Etymology The specific epithet ‘ vulpina ’ is the Latin adjective of ‘ vulpes ’ (= fox) meaning ‘ vulpine’ and referring to the foxy ground colouration of this species.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B723557AFFE8FD94E6DEFD49C83A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Holotype KYRGYZSTAN • ♂; Chatkal Mts. (southern slope), Sary-Chelek Nature Reserve, Tumanyak Gorge, Karagailisai; 41 ° 49.4 ′ N, 71 ° 56.5 ′ E; 1400 – 1600 m a. s. l.; 5 Jul. 2000; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH. Paratypes (18 ♂♂, 30 ♀♀) KYRGYZSTAN • 3 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; SMNH • 2 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; 41 ° 48.7 ′ N, 71 ° 55.3 ′ E; 1800 m a. s. l.; SMNH • 1 ♀; Karangitun Gorge; 41 ° 48 ′ N, 71 ° 57 ′ E; 1700 m a. s. l.; 26 May 1993; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH • 9 ♂♂, 15 ♀♀; Talas Mts (southern slope), Uzunahmat Canyon, Birbulak Gorge; 42 ° 01.6 ′ N, 72 ° 24.6 ′ E; 1400 – 1800 m a. s. l.; 14 Aug. 1986; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH • 6 ♂♂, 11 ♀♀; Talas Mts, Tereksai Canyon; 42 ° 10 ′ N, 72 ° 21 ′ E; 2450 – 2800 m a. s. l.; 16 Aug. 1986; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH • 1 ♂; Talas Mts (northern slope), Beshtash Canyon, Kyrgolot Gorge; 42 ° 18.3 ′ N, 72 ° 20.4 ′ E; 2030 m a. s. l.; 18 Aug. 1986; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH. Additional material (3 juvs) KYRGYZSTAN • 2 juvs; Talas Mts, Otmek Valley 7 km WNW of Otmek Pass; 42 ° 19 ′ N, 73 ° 07 ′ E; 2800 m a. s. l.; 9 Jul. 1987; S. Zonstein and S. V. Ovchinnikov leg.; SMNH • 1 juv.; Kyrgyz Mts (northern slope), Kara-Balta Canyon, near the confluence of Kara-Balta and Chon-Mazar rivers; 42 ° 24 ′ N, 73 ° 46 ′ E; 2100 – 2200 m a. s. l.; 3 Jul. 1994; S. V. Ovchinnikov leg.; SMNH.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B723557AFFE8FD94E6DEFD49C83A.taxon	description	Description Male (holotype) HABITUS. See Figs 34, 76. MEASUREMENTS. TBL 12.90, CL 5.62, CW 4.82, LL 0.43, LW 0.83, SL 2.80, SW 2.38. COLOUR. Carapace, palps and legs (except for darker brown femora) brownish orange; leg I slightly darker than other legs; eye tubercle blackish brown; chelicerae medium reddish brown; sternum, labium and maxillae light yellowish orange; abdomen yellowish brown, with almost indistinct brownish dorsal chevron-like pattern and a few small brown marks on ventral side; book-lungs and spinnerets pale yellowish brown. CEPHALOTHORAX. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in Fig. 108. Clypeus and eye group as in Fig. 264. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.14 (0.20), ALE 0.27, PLE 0.18, PME 0.16; AME – AME 0.11 (0.05), ALE – AME 0.09 (0.06), ALE – PLE 0.07, PLE – PME 0.05, PME – PME 0.29. Anterior cheliceral edge with unmodified setae; rastellum not developed. Intercheliceral tumescence indiscernible. Each cheliceral furrow with 9 promarginal teeth and 1 mesobasal denticle. MIT indiscernible. Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in Fig. 227. Maxillae with 11 – 12 cuspules each. LEGS. Tibia and metatarsus I as in Figs 288, 309. Scopula: entire and distal on metatarsi I – II; entire on tarsus I; narrowly divided by setae on tarsus II; widely divided on tarsus III; vestigial on tarsus IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 8 – 9 each on tibiae, 13 – 15 on metatarsi, 11 – 13 on tarsi, 8 on cymbium. PTC I – II and PTC III – IV with 10 – 11 and 11 – 13 teeth on each margin, respectively. SPINATION. Palp: femur d 3, pd 3, rd 2; patella pd 2; tibia d 2, p 3, r 3, v 6; cymbium d 4. Leg I: femur d 4, pd 3, rd 3; patella p 1; tibia p 2, pv 2, r 1, rv 2 + 2 M, metatarsus v 2. Leg II: femur d 4, pd 3; patella p 1; tibia p 3, v 8 (7); metatarsus v 6. Leg III: femur d 4, pd 3 (2), rd 3; patella p 2; tibia d 3, p 3, r 3, v 9; metatarsus p 4, r 3, v 10 (9). Leg IV: femur d 4, pd 3, rd 2; patella p 2; tibia d 4, p 3, r 3, v 9; metatarsus p 4, r 4, v 11. Tarsi I – IV aspinose. PALP. Tibia, cymbium and copulatory bulb as shown in Fig. 377. Embolus long, tapering and slightly curved subapically (Figs 459 – 462). SPINNERETS. See Fig. 616. PMS: length 0.25, diameter 0.11. PLS: maximal diameter 0.51; length of basal, medial and apical segments 0.87, 0.58, 0.48; total length 1.93; apical segment triangular. Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total Palp 2.98 (3.25) 1.58 (1.63) 2.47 (2.30) – 0.87 (2.06) 7.90 (9.24) Leg I 4.78 (4.38) 2.73 (2.81) 4.02 (3.31) 4.27 (2.68) 2.28 (1.93) 18.08 (15.11) Leg II 4.62 (4.25) 2.50 (2.56) 3.85 (2.79) 3.85 (2.45) 2.27 (1.84) 17.09 (13.89) Leg III 3.94 (3.44) 2.09 (1.97) 3.14 (2.40) 4.21 (2.77) 2.34 (1.76) 15.72 (12.34) Leg IV 4.93 (4.59) 2.42 (2.46) 4.25 (3.33) 5.91 (4.21) 2.73 (2.34) 20.24 (16.93) Female (paratype) HABITUS. See Figs 61, 77. MEASUREMENTS. TBL 17.80, CL 6.31, CW 5.72, LL 0.59, LW 1.22, SL 3.22, SW 3.01. COLOUR. In general as in male, with more intensely shaded dorsal abdomen and chelicerae. CEPHALOTHORAX. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in Fig. 134. Clypeus and eye group as in Fig. 194. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.13 (0.21), ALE 0.25, PLE 0.20, PME 0.12; AME – AME 0.18 (0.10), ALE – AME 0.13 (0.09), ALE – PLE 0.08, PLE – PME 0.08, PME – PME 0.43. Cheliceral rastellum absent. Each cheliceral furrow with 8 promarginal teeth and 1 – 3 mesobasal denticles. Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in Fig. 254. Maxillae with 13 – 20 cuspules each. LEGS. Scopula: entire and distal on metatarsi I – II; entire on palpal tarsus and tarsus I; narrowly divided by setae on tarsus II; sparse and widely divided on tarsus III; rudimentary on tarsus IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 8 – 10 each on tibiae, 14 – 15 on metatarsi, 12 – 15 on tarsi, 10 on palpal tarsus. Palpal claw with 3 promarginal teeth. PTC I – II and III – IV with 6 – 7 and 6 teeth on each margin, respectively. SPINATION. Femora I – IV with one basodorsal spine and 3 dorsal bristles; palpal femur dorsally with 4 bristles; tarsi I – IV aspinose. Palp: femur pd 1; patella p 1 (0); tibia p 2, v 8; tarsus v 7. Leg I: femur pd 1; patella p 1; tibia p 1 (0), v 7; metatarsus v 7 (6). Leg II: femur pd 1; patella p 1; tibia p 2, v 7; metatarsus v 7. Leg III: femur pd 2, rd 2; patella p 2, r 1; tibia d 1, p 2, r 2, v 7 (5); metatarsus d 2, p 4, r 4, v 12 (9). Leg IV: femur pd 1, rd 1; patella p 1, r 1; tibia d 1, p 3, r 2, v 7; metatarsus d 1, p 4, r 4, v 12 (11). SPERMATHECAE. Each of paired spermathecae Y-shaped with relatively long and narrow base carrying two unevenly conformed branches: inner branch longer, wider, flattened and subapically dilated; outer branch shorter, club-like, with long, narrow and strictly sclerotised proximal neck, and with short, more or less rounded subapical section (Fig. 552). SPINNERETS. See Figs 617 – 618. PMS: length 0.38, diameter 0.17. PLS: maximal diameter 0.69; length of basal, medial and apical segments 1.08, 0.64, 0.63; total length 2.35; apical segment triangular. Variation Carapace length in males (n = 11) varies from 4.37 to 5.83, in females (n = 14) from 4.28 to 7.29. The colouration and other key somatic characters of males and females from Talas Mts as shown in Figs 35, 77, 135, 165, 195, 228, 255, 289, 378. Variation in the structure of the spermathecae as shown in Figs 463 – 465, 551, 553 – 554.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B723557AFFE8FD94E6DEFD49C83A.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology The species occurs in midland and highland montane belts, mostly in fragmentary woodlands composed of the spruce Picea schrenkiana Fisch. & C. A. Mey. and / or the fir Abies semenovii B. Fedtsch., or in the mixed forest, with the participation of these coniferous trees and the walnut Juglans regia (Figs 735 – 738). The spiders were found exclusively in their retreats under stones and logs. Along the river valleys, this species can penetrate into the subalpine and alpine zones.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
03A8B723557AFFE8FD94E6DEFD49C83A.taxon	distribution	Distribution Known only from the type locality. See Fig. 760.	en	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2024): A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 967: 1-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459
