taxonID	type	format	identifier	references	title	description	created	creator	contributor	publisher	audience	source	license	rightsHolder	datasetID
03A80010775CFFA0FF14A787925FFF4E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/272954/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.272954	FIGURE 3. Chondrilla caribensis Rützler, Duran & Piantoni, 2007, RMNH Por. 9816, a, habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b, SEM image of spherasters.	FIGURE 3. Chondrilla caribensis Rützler, Duran & Piantoni, 2007, RMNH Por. 9816, a, habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b, SEM image of spherasters.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A80010775BFFA0FF14A7F691EDF86F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/272955/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.272955	FIGURE 4. Chondrosia collectrix (Schmidt, 1870), RMNH Por. 9338, a, habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of cross section of peripheral region.	FIGURE 4. Chondrosia collectrix (Schmidt, 1870), RMNH Por. 9338, a, habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of cross section of peripheral region.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A80010775AFFA2FF14A7609149FE6F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/272956/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.272956	FIGURE 5. Aplysina caissara Pinheiro & Hajdu, 2001, RMNH Por. 9340, a, habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of skeleton of pithed fibers.	FIGURE 5. Aplysina caissara Pinheiro & Hajdu, 2001, RMNH Por. 9340, a, habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of skeleton of pithed fibers.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A800107759FFA3FF14A1239430FEDA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/272957/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.272957	FIGURE 6. Aplysina cauliformis (Carter, 1882), RMNH Por. 9340, a, habitus of two specimens (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of skeleton of pithed fibers.	FIGURE 6. Aplysina cauliformis (Carter, 1882), RMNH Por. 9340, a, habitus of two specimens (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of skeleton of pithed fibers.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A800107758FFBCFF14A2B19123FEFF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/272958/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.272958	FIGURE 7. Aiolochroia crassa (Hyatt, 1875), RMNH Por. 9819, a, habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of skeleton of pithed fibers.	FIGURE 7. Aiolochroia crassa (Hyatt, 1875), RMNH Por. 9819, a, habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of skeleton of pithed fibers.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A800107747FFBDFF14A1B994CFFDA7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/272959/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.272959	FIGURE 8. Chelonaplysilla americana sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 9812 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of surface sand grain reticulation.	FIGURE 8. Chelonaplysilla americana sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 9812 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of surface sand grain reticulation.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A800107746FFBDFF14A07695E5F927.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/272960/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.272960	FIGURE 9. Igernella notabilis (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864), RMNH Por. 9337, a, fragments (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, one of the fragments enlarged (scale bar = 1 cm), b – c, light microscopic images, b, peripheral skeleton, c, horny spicule.	FIGURE 9. Igernella notabilis (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864), RMNH Por. 9337, a, fragments (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, one of the fragments enlarged (scale bar = 1 cm), b – c, light microscopic images, b, peripheral skeleton, c, horny spicule.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A800107745FFB8FF14A66790A6FE1D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/272961/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.272961	FIGURE 10. Ircinia felix (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9333 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, habitus of RMNH Por. 9936 (scale bar = 1 cm), c – d, light microscopic images of skeleton of RMNH Por. 9904, c, cross section, d, filaments.	FIGURE 10. Ircinia felix (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9333 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, habitus of RMNH Por. 9936 (scale bar = 1 cm), c – d, light microscopic images of skeleton of RMNH Por. 9904, c, cross section, d, filaments.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A800107743FFB8FF14A10293CAFB25.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/272962/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.272962	FIGURE 11. Dysidea etheria De Laubenfels, 1936, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9353 (scale bar = 1 cm), b. light microscopic image of cross section of skeleton of RMNH 10510.	FIGURE 11. Dysidea etheria De Laubenfels, 1936, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9353 (scale bar = 1 cm), b. light microscopic image of cross section of skeleton of RMNH 10510.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A800107742FFBAFF14A24E9131FB3A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/272963/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.272963	FIGURE 12. Callyspongia (Callyspongia) cf. pallida Hechtel, 1965, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9894 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, habitus of RMNH Por. 9900 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of surface skeleton of RMNH Por. 9894, c – c 1, SEM images of skeleton of RMNH Por. 9900, c, surface skeleton, c 1, detail of c, d, SEM image of oxeas.	FIGURE 12. Callyspongia (Callyspongia) cf. pallida Hechtel, 1965, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9894 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, habitus of RMNH Por. 9900 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of surface skeleton of RMNH Por. 9894, c – c 1, SEM images of skeleton of RMNH Por. 9900, c, surface skeleton, c 1, detail of c, d, SEM image of oxeas.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A800107741FFB5FF14A7829407FB3A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/272964/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.272964	FIGURE 13. Callyspongia (Callyspongia) scutica sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 9874 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, detail of branches of a (scale bar = 1 cm), b, habitus of paratype RMNH Por. 9968 (scale bar = 1 cm), c, SEM images of oxeas of holotype RMNH Por. 9874.	FIGURE 13. Callyspongia (Callyspongia) scutica sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 9874 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, detail of branches of a (scale bar = 1 cm), b, habitus of paratype RMNH Por. 9968 (scale bar = 1 cm), c, SEM images of oxeas of holotype RMNH Por. 9874.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A800107741FFB5FF14A7829407FB3A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/272965/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.272965	FIGURE 14. Callyspongia (Callyspongia) scutica sp. nov., holotype RMNH Por. 9874, a – d, SEM images of skeleton, a, overview of surface with oscule, b, cross section of branch, c, detail of ‘ double’ surface skeleton, d, cross section of peripheral skeleton, e – f, lightmicroscopic images of skeleton, e, surface skeleton showing unispicular spicule network, f, cross section of choanosomal skeleton showing rectangular reticulation of paucispicular fibers.	FIGURE 14. Callyspongia (Callyspongia) scutica sp. nov., holotype RMNH Por. 9874, a – d, SEM images of skeleton, a, overview of surface with oscule, b, cross section of branch, c, detail of ‘ double’ surface skeleton, d, cross section of peripheral skeleton, e – f, lightmicroscopic images of skeleton, e, surface skeleton showing unispicular spicule network, f, cross section of choanosomal skeleton showing rectangular reticulation of paucispicular fibers.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A80010774EFFB6FF14A6EA9354FABE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/272966/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.272966	FIGURE 15. Cladocroce guyanensis sp. nov., a, habitus of fragmented holotype RMNH Por. 9826 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of surface skeleton, c, SEM images of oxeas.	FIGURE 15. Cladocroce guyanensis sp. nov., a, habitus of fragmented holotype RMNH Por. 9826 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of surface skeleton, c, SEM images of oxeas.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A80010774DFFB7FF14A56F9497F812.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/272967/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.272967	FIGURE 16. Haliclona (Gellius) sp. aff. flagellifera (Ridley & Dendy, 1886), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9783 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of surface skeleton of ditto, c – e, SEM images of spicules of RMH Por. 9921, c, oxea, d, flagellated sigma, e, sigma.	FIGURE 16. Haliclona (Gellius) sp. aff. flagellifera (Ridley & Dendy, 1886), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9783 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of surface skeleton of ditto, c – e, SEM images of spicules of RMH Por. 9921, c, oxea, d, flagellated sigma, e, sigma.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A80010774BFFB0FF14A3B591E7FC07.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/272968/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.272968	FIGURE 17. Haliclona (Haliclona) epiphytica Zea & De Weerdt, 1999, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9970 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – c, light microsocpic images of skeleton, b, surface skeleton, c, cross section, d, SEM images of oxeas.	FIGURE 17. Haliclona (Haliclona) epiphytica Zea & De Weerdt, 1999, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9970 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – c, light microsocpic images of skeleton, b, surface skeleton, c, cross section, d, SEM images of oxeas.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A80010774AFFB2FF14A3B5943FFDA7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/272969/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.272969	FIGURE 18. Haliclona (Haliclona) cf. implexiformis (Hechtel, 1965), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9989 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, of RMNH Por. 9835 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – b 1, light microscopic images of skeleton, b, b, surface skeleton, b 1, cross section, c, SEM images of oxeas.	FIGURE 18. Haliclona (Haliclona) cf. implexiformis (Hechtel, 1965), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9989 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, of RMNH Por. 9835 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – b 1, light microscopic images of skeleton, b, b, surface skeleton, b 1, cross section, c, SEM images of oxeas.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A800107749FF8CFF14A076911EFBAE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/272970/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.272970	FIGURE 19. Amphimedon nanaspiculata (Hartman, 1955), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9876 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, of RMNH Por. 9985 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – c, light microscopic images of skeleton, b, surface skeleton of RMNH Por. 9896, c, cross section of RMNH Por. 9985, d, SEM image of oxea.	FIGURE 19. Amphimedon nanaspiculata (Hartman, 1955), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9876 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, of RMNH Por. 9985 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – c, light microscopic images of skeleton, b, surface skeleton of RMNH Por. 9896, c, cross section of RMNH Por. 9985, d, SEM image of oxea.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A800107749FF8CFF14A076911EFBAE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/272971/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.272971	FIGURE 20. Niphates erecta Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9895 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, of RMNH Por. 9877 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of cross section of peripheral skeleton of RMNH Por. 9905, c – d, SEM images of spicules, c, oxeas, d, sigma.	FIGURE 20. Niphates erecta Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9895 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, of RMNH Por. 9877 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of cross section of peripheral skeleton of RMNH Por. 9905, c – d, SEM images of spicules, c, oxeas, d, sigma.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A800107777FF8EFF14A7A59327FD1F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/272971/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.272971	FIGURE 20. Niphates erecta Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9895 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, of RMNH Por. 9877 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of cross section of peripheral skeleton of RMNH Por. 9905, c – d, SEM images of spicules, c, oxeas, d, sigma.	FIGURE 20. Niphates erecta Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9895 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, of RMNH Por. 9877 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of cross section of peripheral skeleton of RMNH Por. 9905, c – d, SEM images of spicules, c, oxeas, d, sigma.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A800107775FF8EFF14A00E930AF857.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/272972/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.272972	FIGURE 21. Neopetrosia proxima (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9878 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – c, light microscopic of images of skeleton, b, surface skeleton, c, cross section of peripheral choanosome, d, SEM image of oxea.	FIGURE 21. Neopetrosia proxima (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9878 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – c, light microscopic of images of skeleton, b, surface skeleton, c, cross section of peripheral choanosome, d, SEM image of oxea.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A800107774FF88FF14A62294F1FA29.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/272973/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.272973	FIGURE 22. Neopetrosia subtriangularis (Duchassaing, 1850), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9882 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic of image of ectosomal skeleton, c, SEM image of oxea.	FIGURE 22. Neopetrosia subtriangularis (Duchassaing, 1850), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9882 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic of image of ectosomal skeleton, c, SEM image of oxea.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A800107773FF89FF14A5FF92B2FC8F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/272974/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.272974	FIGURE 23. Petrosia (Petrosia) weinbergi Van Soest, 1980, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9898 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic of image surface skeleton, c – e, SEM images of spicules, c, larger oxeotes, d, intermediate-sized oxeas, e, smallest oxeas.	FIGURE 23. Petrosia (Petrosia) weinbergi Van Soest, 1980, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9898 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic of image surface skeleton, c – e, SEM images of spicules, c, larger oxeotes, d, intermediate-sized oxeas, e, smallest oxeas.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A800107772FF8BFF14A42C926DFB8A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/272975/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.272975	FIGURE 24. Petrosia (Strongylophora) devoogdae sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 10542, (scale bar = 1 cm), b – c, light microscopic images, b, cross section of peripheral skeleton, c, cross section of choanosomal skeleton, d – j, SEM images of spicules, d, strongyle, e, largest oxea, f, largest but one oxea, g, third largest oxea, h, smallest but one oxea, i, smallest oxea, i 1, smallest oxea enlarged, j, toxas, j 1 toxa enlarged.	FIGURE 24. Petrosia (Strongylophora) devoogdae sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 10542, (scale bar = 1 cm), b – c, light microscopic images, b, cross section of peripheral skeleton, c, cross section of choanosomal skeleton, d – j, SEM images of spicules, d, strongyle, e, largest oxea, f, largest but one oxea, g, third largest oxea, h, smallest but one oxea, i, smallest oxea, i 1, smallest oxea enlarged, j, toxas, j 1 toxa enlarged.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A800107770FF84FF14A7C093EAFE87.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/272976/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.272976	FIGURE 25. Xestospongia muta (Schmidt, 1870), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9805 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic of image surface skeleton, c, SEM images of oxeas, c 1, detail of pointed end and middle of oxea.	FIGURE 25. Xestospongia muta (Schmidt, 1870), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9805 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic of image surface skeleton, c, SEM images of oxeas, c 1, detail of pointed end and middle of oxea.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A80010777FFF86FF14A5A191C8FD57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/272977/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.272977	FIGURE 26. Calyx cf. podatypa (De Laubenfels, 1934), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9880 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – c, light microscopic of images of the skeleton of a fragment of RMNH Por. 9880, b, cross section, b 1, detail of the peripheral region, c, surface skeleton, d, SEM image of oxea.	FIGURE 26. Calyx cf. podatypa (De Laubenfels, 1934), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9880 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – c, light microscopic of images of the skeleton of a fragment of RMNH Por. 9880, b, cross section, b 1, detail of the peripheral region, c, surface skeleton, d, SEM image of oxea.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A80010777DFF80FF14A00D9554FC52.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/272978/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.272978	FIGURE 27. Oceanapia ascidia (Schmidt, 1870), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9993 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, of RMNH Por. 9300 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of the surface skeleton, c – d, SEM image of spicules, d, large oxea, d, small oxea.	FIGURE 27. Oceanapia ascidia (Schmidt, 1870), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9993 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, of RMNH Por. 9300 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of the surface skeleton, c – d, SEM image of spicules, d, large oxea, d, small oxea.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A80010777BFF81FF14A76794D8FF4E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/272979/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.272979	FIGURE 28. Oceanapia carotta (Schmidt, 1870), a, habitus of various specimens registered as RMNH Por. 6300 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – c, light microscopic images of skeleton, b, skeleton of a fistule, c, skeleton of main body, d – e, SEM image of spicules, d, oxea, e, sigmas.	FIGURE 28. Oceanapia carotta (Schmidt, 1870), a, habitus of various specimens registered as RMNH Por. 6300 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – c, light microscopic images of skeleton, b, skeleton of a fistule, c, skeleton of main body, d – e, SEM image of spicules, d, oxea, e, sigmas.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A80010777AFF83FF14A6C29441FD1E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/272980/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.272980	FIGURE 29. Oceanapia cf. stalagmitica (Wiedenmayer, 1977), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9867 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, of RMNH Por. 9736, a 2, of RMNH Por. 9846, b – c, light microscopic images of skeleton, b, skeleton of fistule of RMNH Por. 9867, c, skeleton of main body of RMNH Por. 9736, d – g, SEM images of spicules, d, oxea, e, sigma, f, normal toxas, g, large fat toxa.	FIGURE 29. Oceanapia cf. stalagmitica (Wiedenmayer, 1977), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9867 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, of RMNH Por. 9736, a 2, of RMNH Por. 9846, b – c, light microscopic images of skeleton, b, skeleton of fistule of RMNH Por. 9867, c, skeleton of main body of RMNH Por. 9736, d – g, SEM images of spicules, d, oxea, e, sigma, f, normal toxas, g, large fat toxa.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A800107778FF83FF14A0759553F90A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/272981/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.272981	FIGURE 30. Siphonodictyon densum (Schmidt, 1870), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9922 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic of image surface skeleton, b 1, detail of b, c, SEM image of oxeote strongyles.	FIGURE 30. Siphonodictyon densum (Schmidt, 1870), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9922 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic of image surface skeleton, b 1, detail of b, c, SEM image of oxeote strongyles.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A800107767FF9DFF14A56793C9F935.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/272982/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.272982	FIGURE 31. Auletta sycinularia Schmidt, 1870, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9790 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – d, SEM images of spicules, b, large style, b 1, detail of b, c, small style, c 1, detail of c, d, sinuous strongyles, d 1, detail of d.	FIGURE 31. Auletta sycinularia Schmidt, 1870, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9790 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – d, SEM images of spicules, b, large style, b 1, detail of b, c, small style, c 1, detail of c, d, sinuous strongyles, d 1, detail of d.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A800107766FF9EFF14A4229344F8CD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/272983/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.272983	FIGURE 32. Dragmaxia undata Alvarez, Van Soest & Rützler, 1998, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9821 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – c, SEM images of spicules, b, style, b 1, details of b, c, raphides of trichodragma, c 1, details of raphide apices.	FIGURE 32. Dragmaxia undata Alvarez, Van Soest & Rützler, 1998, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9821 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – c, SEM images of spicules, b, style, b 1, details of b, c, raphides of trichodragma, c 1, details of raphide apices.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A800107764FF98FF14A3B5910AFDFA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/272984/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.272984	FIGURE 33. Phakellia folium Schmidt, 1870, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9295 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1 ditto of RMNH Por. 9768 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – d, SEM images of spicules, b, larger style, b 1, detail of b, b 2, shorter version of large style, c, short style with curved upper part, c 1, detail of c, d, long thick sinuous strongyles, d 1, detail of d, d 2, thinner sinuous strongyle.	FIGURE 33. Phakellia folium Schmidt, 1870, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9295 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1 ditto of RMNH Por. 9768 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – d, SEM images of spicules, b, larger style, b 1, detail of b, b 2, shorter version of large style, c, short style with curved upper part, c 1, detail of c, d, long thick sinuous strongyles, d 1, detail of d, d 2, thinner sinuous strongyle.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A800107763FF98FF14A02A9496F9B2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/272985/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.272985	FIGURE 34. Halicnemia sp., a – c, SEM images of spicules, a, tylostyle, a 1, detail of a, b, tornote, b 1, detail of b, c, acanthoxeas.	FIGURE 34. Halicnemia sp., a – c, SEM images of spicules, a, tylostyle, a 1, detail of a, b, tornote, b 1, detail of b, c, acanthoxeas.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A800107763FF9AFF14A5A8945AF968.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/272986/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.272986	FIGURE 35. Higginsia coralloides Higgin, 1877, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9327 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – f, SEM images of spicules, b, oxea, b 1, detail of b, c, long thin style, c 1, detail of c, d, long thin anisoxea, d 1, detail of d, e, raphidiform oxea, f, acanthoxea, f 1, detail of f.	FIGURE 35. Higginsia coralloides Higgin, 1877, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9327 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – f, SEM images of spicules, b, oxea, b 1, detail of b, c, long thin style, c 1, detail of c, d, long thin anisoxea, d 1, detail of d, e, raphidiform oxea, f, acanthoxea, f 1, detail of f.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A800107760FF9BFF14A3F391D9F931.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/272987/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.272987	FIGURE 36. Myrmekioderma rea (De Laubenfels, 1934), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9788 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – e, SEM images of spicules, b, large oxea, b 1, detail of b, c, middle oxea, d, smallest oxea, d 1, enlarged image of d, e, detail of trichodragma f, habitus of RMNH Por. 9789 (scale bar = 1 cm), g, largest oxea, g 1, detail of g, h, middle oxea, i, smallest oxea, i 1, enlarged image of i, j, raphides of trichodragma.	FIGURE 36. Myrmekioderma rea (De Laubenfels, 1934), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9788 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – e, SEM images of spicules, b, large oxea, b 1, detail of b, c, middle oxea, d, smallest oxea, d 1, enlarged image of d, e, detail of trichodragma f, habitus of RMNH Por. 9789 (scale bar = 1 cm), g, largest oxea, g 1, detail of g, h, middle oxea, i, smallest oxea, i 1, enlarged image of i, j, raphides of trichodragma.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A800107760FF96FF14A42E9466FE12.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/272988/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.272988	FIGURE 37. Parahigginsia cf. strongylifera Van Soest, Meesters & Becking, 2014, a, habitus encrusting Characella poecillastroides, RMNH Por. 9882 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of the peripheral skeleton, c – d, SEM images of spicules, c, oxea, d, acanthomicroxea, d 1, detail of d.	FIGURE 37. Parahigginsia cf. strongylifera Van Soest, Meesters & Becking, 2014, a, habitus encrusting Characella poecillastroides, RMNH Por. 9882 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of the peripheral skeleton, c – d, SEM images of spicules, c, oxea, d, acanthomicroxea, d 1, detail of d.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A80010776DFF96FF14A102950EF8D8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/272989/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.272989	FIGURE 38. Aulospongus samariensis Hooper, Lehnert & Zea, 1999, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9928 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – h, SEM images of spicules, b, ectosomal tylostyle, b 1, detail of b, c, choanosomal acantho (tylo-) style, c 1, detail of c, d, ectosomal thin style, d 1, details of d, e, ectosomal oxea, e 1, details of e, f, largest rhabdostyle, f 1, detail of f, g, middle-sized rhabdostyle, g, smallest rhabdostyle, g 1, detail of g.	FIGURE 38. Aulospongus samariensis Hooper, Lehnert & Zea, 1999, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9928 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – h, SEM images of spicules, b, ectosomal tylostyle, b 1, detail of b, c, choanosomal acantho (tylo-) style, c 1, detail of c, d, ectosomal thin style, d 1, details of d, e, ectosomal oxea, e 1, details of e, f, largest rhabdostyle, f 1, detail of f, g, middle-sized rhabdostyle, g, smallest rhabdostyle, g 1, detail of g.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A80010776BFF91FF14A24E944EFAE2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/272990/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.272990	FIGURE 39. Raspailia (Raspailia) johnhooperi sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 9809 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, habitus of paratype RMNH Por. 9313 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of ectosomal long tylostyle surrounded by thin styles, c – g, SEM images of spicules, c, long ectosomal style, c 1 details of c, d – e, choanosomal strongyles, d 1, details of apices of symmetrical strongyle, e 1, details of apices of slightly asymmetrical strongyle, f, thin style, f 1, details of f, g, acanthostyle.	FIGURE 39. Raspailia (Raspailia) johnhooperi sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 9809 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, habitus of paratype RMNH Por. 9313 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of ectosomal long tylostyle surrounded by thin styles, c – g, SEM images of spicules, c, long ectosomal style, c 1 details of c, d – e, choanosomal strongyles, d 1, details of apices of symmetrical strongyle, e 1, details of apices of slightly asymmetrical strongyle, f, thin style, f 1, details of f, g, acanthostyle.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A80010776AFF92FF14A5789110F85E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/272991/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.272991	FIGURE 40. Raspailia (Parasyringella) thamnopilosa sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 6301 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – d, SEM images of spicules, b, style, b 1, details of b, c, oxea, c 1, details of c, d, rhabdostyle, d 1, details of d.	FIGURE 40. Raspailia (Parasyringella) thamnopilosa sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 6301 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – d, SEM images of spicules, b, style, b 1, details of b, c, oxea, c 1, details of c, d, rhabdostyle, d 1, details of d.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A800107768FFECFF14A3B5948BFC8E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/272992/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.272992	FIGURE 41. Thrinacophora funiformis Ridley & Dendy, 1886, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9847 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, detail of one of the branches in a (scale bar = 1 cm), b – e, SEM images of spicules, b, style, b 1, details of b, c, oxea, c 1, details of c, d, ‘ cladostyle’, d 1, details of d, e, trichodragma, e 1, detail of e showing individual raphides.	FIGURE 41. Thrinacophora funiformis Ridley & Dendy, 1886, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9847 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, detail of one of the branches in a (scale bar = 1 cm), b – e, SEM images of spicules, b, style, b 1, details of b, c, oxea, c 1, details of c, d, ‘ cladostyle’, d 1, details of d, e, trichodragma, e 1, detail of e showing individual raphides.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A800107717FFEDFF14A7579307FF4E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/272993/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.272993	FIGURE 42. Acanthella vaceleti Van Soest & Stentoft, 1988, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 10536 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, SEM image of a portion of the axial column, c – f, SEM images of spicules, c, shorter thicker style, c 1, details of c, d, longer thinner style, e, shorter sinuous strongyle, e 1, details of e, f, longer sinuous strongyle.	FIGURE 42. Acanthella vaceleti Van Soest & Stentoft, 1988, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 10536 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, SEM image of a portion of the axial column, c – f, SEM images of spicules, c, shorter thicker style, c 1, details of c, d, longer thinner style, e, shorter sinuous strongyle, e 1, details of e, f, longer sinuous strongyle.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A800107715FFEFFF14A3F39520FD1F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/272994/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.272994	FIGURE 43. Petromica (Chaladesma) citrina Muricy, Hajdu, Minervino, Madeira & Peixinho, 2001, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9990 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – d, SEM images of spicules, b, larger oxeote spicule, b 1, details of b, c, smaller oxeote spicule, c 1, details of c, d, various shapes of desmas.	FIGURE 43. Petromica (Chaladesma) citrina Muricy, Hajdu, Minervino, Madeira & Peixinho, 2001, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9990 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – d, SEM images of spicules, b, larger oxeote spicule, b 1, details of b, c, smaller oxeote spicule, c 1, details of c, d, various shapes of desmas.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A800107714FFE9FF14A0C7915CFF62.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/272995/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.272995	FIGURE 44. Biemna rhabdotylostylota sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 9927 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of the skeleton showing the diversity of mega- and microscleres, c – j, SEM images of spicules, c, large tylostyle, c 1, details of c, d, small tylostyle, e, large rhabdotylostyle, e 1, details of e, f, small rhabdotylostyle, f 1, details of f, g, large sigma, h, small sigma, i, long trichodragma, i 1, detail of i showing individual long microxeas, j, short trichodragma, j 1, detail of j showing individual short microxeas.	FIGURE 44. Biemna rhabdotylostylota sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 9927 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of the skeleton showing the diversity of mega- and microscleres, c – j, SEM images of spicules, c, large tylostyle, c 1, details of c, d, small tylostyle, e, large rhabdotylostyle, e 1, details of e, f, small rhabdotylostyle, f 1, details of f, g, large sigma, h, small sigma, i, long trichodragma, i 1, detail of i showing individual long microxeas, j, short trichodragma, j 1, detail of j showing individual short microxeas.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A800107712FFE6FF14A137919CFD32.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/272996/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.272996	FIGURE 45. Stelletta crassispicula (Sollas, 1886), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9888 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – f, SEM images of spicules, b, oxea 1 (anisoxea), b 1, details of b, c, oxea 2 (fusiform oxea), c 1, details of c, d, plagiotriaene 1, d 1, cladome of plagiotriaene 1, e, plagiotriaene 2, e 1, cladome of plagiotriaene 2, f, acanthotylaster.	FIGURE 45. Stelletta crassispicula (Sollas, 1886), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9888 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – f, SEM images of spicules, b, oxea 1 (anisoxea), b 1, details of b, c, oxea 2 (fusiform oxea), c 1, details of c, d, plagiotriaene 1, d 1, cladome of plagiotriaene 1, e, plagiotriaene 2, e 1, cladome of plagiotriaene 2, f, acanthotylaster.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A800107712FFE6FF14A137919CFD32.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/272997/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.272997	FIGURE 46. Stelletta crassispicula (Sollas, 1886), habitus images of various Guyana Shelf specimens, scale bars = 1 cm, a, RMNH Por. 9888, b, RMNH Por. 9813, c, RMNH Por. 9903, d, RMNH Por. 9889, e, RMNH Por. 9298, f, RMNH Por. 9337, g, RMNH Por. 9831, h, RMNH Por. 9335, i, RMNH Por. 9862.	FIGURE 46. Stelletta crassispicula (Sollas, 1886), habitus images of various Guyana Shelf specimens, scale bars = 1 cm, a, RMNH Por. 9888, b, RMNH Por. 9813, c, RMNH Por. 9903, d, RMNH Por. 9889, e, RMNH Por. 9298, f, RMNH Por. 9337, g, RMNH Por. 9831, h, RMNH Por. 9335, i, RMNH Por. 9862.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A800107712FFE6FF14A137919CFD32.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/272998/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.272998	FIGURE 47. Stelletta crassispicula (Sollas, 1886), SEM images showing variability of triaenes and tylasters in the various Guyana Shelf specimens, a 1 – f 1, cladomes of plagiotriaenes 1 of RMNH Por. 9888, 9813, 9903, 9298, 9335, 9862, a 2 – f 2, cladomes of plagiotriaenes 2 of ditto specimens, a 3 – f 3, tylasters of ditto specimens.	FIGURE 47. Stelletta crassispicula (Sollas, 1886), SEM images showing variability of triaenes and tylasters in the various Guyana Shelf specimens, a 1 – f 1, cladomes of plagiotriaenes 1 of RMNH Por. 9888, 9813, 9903, 9298, 9335, 9862, a 2 – f 2, cladomes of plagiotriaenes 2 of ditto specimens, a 3 – f 3, tylasters of ditto specimens.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A800107712FFE6FF14A137919CFD32.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/272956/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.272956	FIGURE 5. Aplysina caissara Pinheiro & Hajdu, 2001, RMNH Por. 9340, a, habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of skeleton of pithed fibers.	FIGURE 5. Aplysina caissara Pinheiro & Hajdu, 2001, RMNH Por. 9340, a, habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of skeleton of pithed fibers.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A80010771DFFE0FF14A197937EFD6A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/272999/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.272999	FIGURE 48. Stelletta vervoorti sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 9942 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – h, SEM images of spicules, b, oxea 1, b 1, detail of one of the apices of b, c, oxea 2, c 1, detail of one of the apices of c, d, dichotriaene, d 1, cladome of dichotriaene, e, larger plagiotriaene, e 1, cladome of larger plagiotriaene, f, smaller plagiotriaene, f 1, cladome of smaller plagiotriaene, g, anatriaene, g 1, cladome of anatriaene, h, oxyasters.	FIGURE 48. Stelletta vervoorti sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 9942 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – h, SEM images of spicules, b, oxea 1, b 1, detail of one of the apices of b, c, oxea 2, c 1, detail of one of the apices of c, d, dichotriaene, d 1, cladome of dichotriaene, e, larger plagiotriaene, e 1, cladome of larger plagiotriaene, f, smaller plagiotriaene, f 1, cladome of smaller plagiotriaene, g, anatriaene, g 1, cladome of anatriaene, h, oxyasters.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A80010771BFFE1FF14A0E1908DFE86.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/273000/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.273000	FIGURE 49. Rhabdastrella fibrosa Hechtel, 1983, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9785 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – f, SEM images of spicules, b, oxea, b 1, detail of one of the apices of b, c, ortho- to plagiotriaenes, c 1, cladome of c, d, anthaster, e, small strongylospheraster, f, oxyaster,	FIGURE 49. Rhabdastrella fibrosa Hechtel, 1983, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9785 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – f, SEM images of spicules, b, oxea, b 1, detail of one of the apices of b, c, ortho- to plagiotriaenes, c 1, cladome of c, d, anthaster, e, small strongylospheraster, f, oxyaster,	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A80010771AFFE3FF14A4589220FBE7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/273001/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.273001	FIGURE 50. Stellettinopsis megastylifera (Wintermann-Kilian & Kilian, 1984), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9931 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – i, SEM images of spicules, b, oxea 1, b 1, detail of one of the apices of b, c, oxea 2, d, style (stylote modification of oxea 1), d 1, detail of the head of d, e, dichotriaene and plagiotriaene-shaped incipient dichotriaene, e 1, cladome of dichotriaene, f, rare broken protriaene, g. acanthomicrohabd, h, oxyaster, i, strongylaster.	FIGURE 50. Stellettinopsis megastylifera (Wintermann-Kilian & Kilian, 1984), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9931 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – i, SEM images of spicules, b, oxea 1, b 1, detail of one of the apices of b, c, oxea 2, d, style (stylote modification of oxea 1), d 1, detail of the head of d, e, dichotriaene and plagiotriaene-shaped incipient dichotriaene, e 1, cladome of dichotriaene, f, rare broken protriaene, g. acanthomicrohabd, h, oxyaster, i, strongylaster.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A800107718FFFFFF14A67D9111FBE7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/273002/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.273002	FIGURE 51. Tribrachium schmidtii Weltner, 1882, ‘ fisheri’ form, a, habitus of specimens in sample RMNH Por. 6305 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, two specimens enlarged (scale bar = 1 cm), b, oxea, b 1 details of b, c, dichotriaene, c 1, cladome of dichotriaene, d, plagiotriaene (undeveloped dichotriaene), e, broken anatriaene, f, orthodiaene, f 1, cladome of orthodiaene, g, thin elongate microrhabd, g 1, thicker short microrhabd.	FIGURE 51. Tribrachium schmidtii Weltner, 1882, ‘ fisheri’ form, a, habitus of specimens in sample RMNH Por. 6305 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, two specimens enlarged (scale bar = 1 cm), b, oxea, b 1 details of b, c, dichotriaene, c 1, cladome of dichotriaene, d, plagiotriaene (undeveloped dichotriaene), e, broken anatriaene, f, orthodiaene, f 1, cladome of orthodiaene, g, thin elongate microrhabd, g 1, thicker short microrhabd.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A800107718FFFFFF14A67D9111FBE7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/273003/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.273003	FIGURE 52. Tribrachium schmidtii Weltner, 1882, ‘ schmidtii’ form, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9395 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, oxea, b 1 details of b, c, plagiotriaene, c 1, cladome of plagiotriaene, d, plagiotriaene with two bifid cladi (incipient dichotriaene), e, broken anatriaene, f, orthodiaene, f 1, cladome of orthodiaene, g, thin microrhabd, g 1, thicker microrhabd.	FIGURE 52. Tribrachium schmidtii Weltner, 1882, ‘ schmidtii’ form, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9395 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, oxea, b 1 details of b, c, plagiotriaene, c 1, cladome of plagiotriaene, d, plagiotriaene with two bifid cladi (incipient dichotriaene), e, broken anatriaene, f, orthodiaene, f 1, cladome of orthodiaene, g, thin microrhabd, g 1, thicker microrhabd.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A800107703FFF8FF14A3F39411F84C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/273004/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.273004	FIGURE 53. Erylus incrustans Lehnert & Van Soest, 1999, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9367 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – g, SEM images of spicules, b, oxea, b 1, details of b, c, larger ortho- / plagiotriaene, c 1, shorter ortho- / plagiotriaene, d, larger microrhabd, d 1, shorter microrhabd, e, fullgrown aspidaster, e 1, squarish aspidaster, e 2, larger juvenile aspidaster, e 3, smaller juvenile aspidaster, e 4, detail of e, f, spheroxyaster, g, oxy- / strongylaster.	FIGURE 53. Erylus incrustans Lehnert & Van Soest, 1999, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9367 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – g, SEM images of spicules, b, oxea, b 1, details of b, c, larger ortho- / plagiotriaene, c 1, shorter ortho- / plagiotriaene, d, larger microrhabd, d 1, shorter microrhabd, e, fullgrown aspidaster, e 1, squarish aspidaster, e 2, larger juvenile aspidaster, e 3, smaller juvenile aspidaster, e 4, detail of e, f, spheroxyaster, g, oxy- / strongylaster.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A800107702FFFBFF14A50691D8F992.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/273005/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.273005	FIGURE 54. Erylus surinamensis sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 9823 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – i, SEM images of spicules, b, large oxea, b 1, details of b, c, small oxea, d, dichotriaenes, d 1, juvenile dichotriaene, e, orthotriaene, e 1, juvenile orthotriaene, f, microrhabds, g, normal aspidaster, g 1, detail of g, g 2, entirely smooth aspidaster, h, large oxyaster, i, small oxyaster.	FIGURE 54. Erylus surinamensis sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 9823 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – i, SEM images of spicules, b, large oxea, b 1, details of b, c, small oxea, d, dichotriaenes, d 1, juvenile dichotriaene, e, orthotriaene, e 1, juvenile orthotriaene, f, microrhabds, g, normal aspidaster, g 1, detail of g, g 2, entirely smooth aspidaster, h, large oxyaster, i, small oxyaster.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A800107702FFFBFF14A50691D8F992.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/273006/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.273006	FIGURE 55. Erylus rhabdocoronatus sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 9339 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – g, SEM images of spicules, b, oxea, b 1, details of b, c, orthotriaene, d, microrhabd, d 1, enlarged microrhabd to show crowns of spines on the apices, e, aspidaster, e 1, detail of surface of aspidaster, f, large oxyasters, g, small oxyaster.	FIGURE 55. Erylus rhabdocoronatus sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 9339 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – g, SEM images of spicules, b, oxea, b 1, details of b, c, orthotriaene, d, microrhabd, d 1, enlarged microrhabd to show crowns of spines on the apices, e, aspidaster, e 1, detail of surface of aspidaster, f, large oxyasters, g, small oxyaster.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A800107700FFF5FF14A5379253FB3A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/273006/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.273006	FIGURE 55. Erylus rhabdocoronatus sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 9339 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – g, SEM images of spicules, b, oxea, b 1, details of b, c, orthotriaene, d, microrhabd, d 1, enlarged microrhabd to show crowns of spines on the apices, e, aspidaster, e 1, detail of surface of aspidaster, f, large oxyasters, g, small oxyaster.	FIGURE 55. Erylus rhabdocoronatus sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 9339 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – g, SEM images of spicules, b, oxea, b 1, details of b, c, orthotriaene, d, microrhabd, d 1, enlarged microrhabd to show crowns of spines on the apices, e, aspidaster, e 1, detail of surface of aspidaster, f, large oxyasters, g, small oxyaster.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A80010770EFFF6FF14A65B915DF846.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/273007/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.273007	FIGURE 56. Penares chelotropa Boury-Esnault, 1973, a, habitus of RMNH 9368 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – g, SEM images of spicules, b, large oxea, b 1, details of b, c – d, small oxeas, c 1 and d 1, details of c and d, e, orthotriaenes, f, microrhabds / microxeas, g, oxyasters.	FIGURE 56. Penares chelotropa Boury-Esnault, 1973, a, habitus of RMNH 9368 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – g, SEM images of spicules, b, large oxea, b 1, details of b, c – d, small oxeas, c 1 and d 1, details of c and d, e, orthotriaenes, f, microrhabds / microxeas, g, oxyasters.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A80010770CFFF0FF14A3F3925EFD82.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/273008/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.273008	FIGURE 57. Penares sineastra sp. nov., a, habitus of fragmented holotype RMNH Por. 9735 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – e, SEM images of spicules, b, oxea, b 1, detail of b, c, dichotriaenes, c 1, anomalous dichotriaene, d, orthotriaene, d 1, anomalous orthotriaene, e, large microrhabd, e 1, smaller version of e, e 1 a, detail of spined apex of e 1, e 2, intermediate microrhabd, e 2 a, detail of spined apex of e 2, e 3, smallest microrhabd.	FIGURE 57. Penares sineastra sp. nov., a, habitus of fragmented holotype RMNH Por. 9735 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – e, SEM images of spicules, b, oxea, b 1, detail of b, c, dichotriaenes, c 1, anomalous dichotriaene, d, orthotriaene, d 1, anomalous orthotriaene, e, large microrhabd, e 1, smaller version of e, e 1 a, detail of spined apex of e 1, e 2, intermediate microrhabd, e 2 a, detail of spined apex of e 2, e 3, smallest microrhabd.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A80010770BFFF2FF14A430922FFACF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/273009/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.273009	FIGURE 58. Geodia gibberosa Lamarck, 1815, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9795 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – g, SEM images of spicules, b, large oxea, b 1, details of b, c, ortho / plagiotriaene, c 1, cladome of ortho / plagiotriaene, d, cortical short oxea, d 1, details of d, e, sterraster, e 1, detail of surface of e, f, oxyaster, g, various shapes of spheroxyasters.	FIGURE 58. Geodia gibberosa Lamarck, 1815, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9795 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – g, SEM images of spicules, b, large oxea, b 1, details of b, c, ortho / plagiotriaene, c 1, cladome of ortho / plagiotriaene, d, cortical short oxea, d 1, details of d, e, sterraster, e 1, detail of surface of e, f, oxyaster, g, various shapes of spheroxyasters.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A800107709FFCCFF14A6C3941EFAD1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/273010/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.273010	FIGURE 59. Geodia pocillum sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 10547 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, habitus of the two paratypes RMNH Por. 9796 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 2, concentrated uniporal oscules in the small globular paratype, b – k, SEM images of spicules, b, long thin oxea, b 1, detail of apex of b, c, fusiform oxea, c 1, detail of apex of c, d, orthotriaene, d 1, cladome of d, d 2, cladome of a smaller orthotriaene, e, anatriaene, e 1, cladome of anatriaene, f, protriaene, f 1, cladome of protriaene, g, small cortical oxea, h, sterraster, h, detail of surface of sterraster, i, large oxyaster, j, small oxyaster, k, strongylospheraster.	FIGURE 59. Geodia pocillum sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 10547 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, habitus of the two paratypes RMNH Por. 9796 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 2, concentrated uniporal oscules in the small globular paratype, b – k, SEM images of spicules, b, long thin oxea, b 1, detail of apex of b, c, fusiform oxea, c 1, detail of apex of c, d, orthotriaene, d 1, cladome of d, d 2, cladome of a smaller orthotriaene, e, anatriaene, e 1, cladome of anatriaene, f, protriaene, f 1, cladome of protriaene, g, small cortical oxea, h, sterraster, h, detail of surface of sterraster, i, large oxyaster, j, small oxyaster, k, strongylospheraster.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A800107737FFCFFF14A6E59523FEA1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/273011/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.273011	FIGURE 60. Geodia sulcata sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 9336 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, cross section of peripheral skeleton showing palisade of small oxeas carried by cladomes of orthotriaenes and presence of rare sterrasters (arrows), c – f, SEM images of megascleres, c, oxea 1, c 1, detail of one of the apices of c, d, oxea 2, d 1, detail of one of the apices of d, e, orthotriaene, e 1, cladome of orthotriaene e, f, oxea 3, f 1, detail of one of the apices of f, g, light microscopic image of sterraster, h – i, SEM images of microscleres, h, large oxyaster, i, small oxyasters.	FIGURE 60. Geodia sulcata sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 9336 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, cross section of peripheral skeleton showing palisade of small oxeas carried by cladomes of orthotriaenes and presence of rare sterrasters (arrows), c – f, SEM images of megascleres, c, oxea 1, c 1, detail of one of the apices of c, d, oxea 2, d 1, detail of one of the apices of d, e, orthotriaene, e 1, cladome of orthotriaene e, f, oxea 3, f 1, detail of one of the apices of f, g, light microscopic image of sterraster, h – i, SEM images of microscleres, h, large oxyaster, i, small oxyasters.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A800107734FFC8FF14A1629514FB78.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/273012/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.273012	FIGURE 61. Pachastrella pacoi Van Soest, Meesters & Becking, 2014, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9786 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – f, SEM images of spicules, b, oxea, b 1, details of b, c, larger and smaller short-shafted plagiotriaenes, d, amphiaster, e, small microrhabd, e 1, intermediate microrhabd, e 2, large microrhabd, f, microrhabdose streptasters, f 1, detail of f.	FIGURE 61. Pachastrella pacoi Van Soest, Meesters & Becking, 2014, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9786 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – f, SEM images of spicules, b, oxea, b 1, details of b, c, larger and smaller short-shafted plagiotriaenes, d, amphiaster, e, small microrhabd, e 1, intermediate microrhabd, e 2, large microrhabd, f, microrhabdose streptasters, f 1, detail of f.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A800107733FFC9FF14A6189389F8D7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/273013/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.273013	FIGURE 62. Characella poecillastroides Van Soest, Meesters & Becking, 2014, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9822 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – g, SEM images of spicules, b, oxea, b 1, details of b, c, plagiotriaene, d, amphiaster, e, large acanthomicroxea, e 1, details of e, f, intermediate acanthomicroxea, g, small acanthomicroxea.	FIGURE 62. Characella poecillastroides Van Soest, Meesters & Becking, 2014, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9822 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – g, SEM images of spicules, b, oxea, b 1, details of b, c, plagiotriaene, d, amphiaster, e, large acanthomicroxea, e 1, details of e, f, intermediate acanthomicroxea, g, small acanthomicroxea.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A800107731FFCBFF14A3F39119FD6A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/273014/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.273014	FIGURE 63. Discodermia dissoluta Schmidt, 1880, a, habitus of RMNH 9787 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, SEM image of desma skeleton, c – g, SEM images of spicules, c, oxeote, c 1, details of c, d, discotriaenes, e, large acanthomicroxea, f, middle-sized acanthomicroxea, g, microrhabd, g 1, enlarged image of g.	FIGURE 63. Discodermia dissoluta Schmidt, 1880, a, habitus of RMNH 9787 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, SEM image of desma skeleton, c – g, SEM images of spicules, c, oxeote, c 1, details of c, d, discotriaenes, e, large acanthomicroxea, f, middle-sized acanthomicroxea, g, microrhabd, g 1, enlarged image of g.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A800107730FFCBFF14A0E192BBF855.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/273015/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.273015	FIGURE 64. Theonella atlantica Van Soest & Stentoft, 1988, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9825 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, SEM image of desma skeleton, c, oxeote, c 1, details of c, d, phyllotriaenes underside, d 1, phyllotriaene upperside, e, juvenile phyllotriaene, f, acanthomicrorhabds.	FIGURE 64. Theonella atlantica Van Soest & Stentoft, 1988, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9825 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, SEM image of desma skeleton, c, oxeote, c 1, details of c, d, phyllotriaenes underside, d 1, phyllotriaene upperside, e, juvenile phyllotriaene, f, acanthomicrorhabds.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A80010773FFFC6FF14A43E9434FAAA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/273016/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.273016	FIGURE 65. Thrombus kittonii (Carter, 1874), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9995 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, cladomes of small acanthotrichotriaene viewed from above, b 1, small acanthotrichotriaene viewed from below, b 2, small acanthotrichotriaene viewed from the side, c, large acanthotrichotriaene viewed from the side, c 1, large acanthotrichotriaene viewed from below, c 2, smooth larger trichotriaene, d, acanthoplagiotriaenes, d 1, smooth plagiotriaene.	FIGURE 65. Thrombus kittonii (Carter, 1874), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9995 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, cladomes of small acanthotrichotriaene viewed from above, b 1, small acanthotrichotriaene viewed from below, b 2, small acanthotrichotriaene viewed from the side, c, large acanthotrichotriaene viewed from the side, c 1, large acanthotrichotriaene viewed from below, c 2, smooth larger trichotriaene, d, acanthoplagiotriaenes, d 1, smooth plagiotriaene.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A80010773FFFC6FF14A43E9434FAAA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/273015/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.273015	FIGURE 64. Theonella atlantica Van Soest & Stentoft, 1988, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9825 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, SEM image of desma skeleton, c, oxeote, c 1, details of c, d, phyllotriaenes underside, d 1, phyllotriaene upperside, e, juvenile phyllotriaene, f, acanthomicrorhabds.	FIGURE 64. Theonella atlantica Van Soest & Stentoft, 1988, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9825 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, SEM image of desma skeleton, c, oxeote, c 1, details of c, d, phyllotriaenes underside, d 1, phyllotriaene upperside, e, juvenile phyllotriaene, f, acanthomicrorhabds.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A80010773DFFC0FF14A5339541FD1F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/273017/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.273017	FIGURE 66. Siphonidium ramosum (Schmidt, 1870), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9824 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, ectosomal desma skeleton, c, choanosomal desma skeleton, d, exotyle, d 1, detail of exotyle showing roughened tyle.	FIGURE 66. Siphonidium ramosum (Schmidt, 1870), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9824 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, ectosomal desma skeleton, c, choanosomal desma skeleton, d, exotyle, d 1, detail of exotyle showing roughened tyle.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A80010773BFFC3FF14A00E946BFC76.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/273018/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.273018	FIGURE 67. Craniella crustocorticata sp. nov., a – c, habitus of type material (scale bars = 1 cm), a, holotype RMNH Por. 6296, b, paratype RMNH Por. 9353, c, paratype RMNH 9326, d – f, surface skeleton of paratype RMNH 9326, d, light microscopic image of crust of cortical oxeas, e – f, SEM images of cortical skeleton, e, tangential view, f, cross section.	FIGURE 67. Craniella crustocorticata sp. nov., a – c, habitus of type material (scale bars = 1 cm), a, holotype RMNH Por. 6296, b, paratype RMNH Por. 9353, c, paratype RMNH 9326, d – f, surface skeleton of paratype RMNH 9326, d, light microscopic image of crust of cortical oxeas, e – f, SEM images of cortical skeleton, e, tangential view, f, cross section.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A80010773BFFC3FF14A00E946BFC76.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/273019/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.273019	FIGURE 68. Craniella crustocorticata sp. nov,, a – f, SEM images of spicules of the holotype RMNH Por. 6296, a, long thin oxea, a 1, details of a, b, cortical oxea, b 1, details of b, c, straight thick protriaene, c 1, cladome of straight thick prodiaene (modification of c), d, thin wispy protriaene (broken), d 1, cladome of thin wispy protriaene, e, anatriaene (broken), e 1, cladome of anatriaene, f, sigmaspires.	FIGURE 68. Craniella crustocorticata sp. nov,, a – f, SEM images of spicules of the holotype RMNH Por. 6296, a, long thin oxea, a 1, details of a, b, cortical oxea, b 1, details of b, c, straight thick protriaene, c 1, cladome of straight thick prodiaene (modification of c), d, thin wispy protriaene (broken), d 1, cladome of thin wispy protriaene, e, anatriaene (broken), e 1, cladome of anatriaene, f, sigmaspires.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A800107738FFDDFF14A7ED90ABF926.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/273020/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.273020	FIGURE 69. Fangophilina submersa Schmidt, 1880, a, habitus of one of nine specimens of RMNH Por. 10518 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – h, SEM images of spicules, b, longer oxea, c, shorter oxea, d – d 3, oxhorn plagiotriaenes, d, monoplagiotriaene, d 1, cladome of d, d 2, cladome of plagiodiaene, d 3, plagiotriaene, e, orthotriaene, e 1, cladome of e, f – f 3, protriaenes and modifications, f, robust prodiaene, f 1, cladome of robust protriaene, f 2, thinner protriaene, f 2 a, cladome of thinner prodiaene, f 3, threadlike thin prodiaene, g, cladome of anatriaene, h, double-curved long sigmaspire, h 1, single-curved short sigmaspire.	FIGURE 69. Fangophilina submersa Schmidt, 1880, a, habitus of one of nine specimens of RMNH Por. 10518 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – h, SEM images of spicules, b, longer oxea, c, shorter oxea, d – d 3, oxhorn plagiotriaenes, d, monoplagiotriaene, d 1, cladome of d, d 2, cladome of plagiodiaene, d 3, plagiotriaene, e, orthotriaene, e 1, cladome of e, f – f 3, protriaenes and modifications, f, robust prodiaene, f 1, cladome of robust protriaene, f 2, thinner protriaene, f 2 a, cladome of thinner prodiaene, f 3, threadlike thin prodiaene, g, cladome of anatriaene, h, double-curved long sigmaspire, h 1, single-curved short sigmaspire.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A800107726FFD8FF14A43D9223FD6A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/273021/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.273021	FIGURE 70. Tetilla pentatriaena Fernandez, Peixinho, Pinheiro & Menegola, 2011, a, habitus of a selection of specimens from RMNH Por. 9872 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, a single enlarged specimen from RMNH Por. 9872 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – i, SEM images of spicules, b, asymmetrical oxea, b 1, details of a, c, symmetrical fusiform oxea, c 1, details of c, d – f, protriaenes and modifications, d, protriaene with narrow cladome, d 1, detail of cladome of d, e, prodiaene with flaring cladi, e 1, cladome of e, f, small thin prodiaene, g – h, anatriaenes, g, anatriaene with wide cladome, g 1, cladome of g, h, anatriaene with narrow cladome, h 1, cladome of h, i, sigmaspire.	FIGURE 70. Tetilla pentatriaena Fernandez, Peixinho, Pinheiro & Menegola, 2011, a, habitus of a selection of specimens from RMNH Por. 9872 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, a single enlarged specimen from RMNH Por. 9872 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – i, SEM images of spicules, b, asymmetrical oxea, b 1, details of a, c, symmetrical fusiform oxea, c 1, details of c, d – f, protriaenes and modifications, d, protriaene with narrow cladome, d 1, detail of cladome of d, e, prodiaene with flaring cladi, e 1, cladome of e, f, small thin prodiaene, g – h, anatriaenes, g, anatriaene with wide cladome, g 1, cladome of g, h, anatriaene with narrow cladome, h 1, cladome of h, i, sigmaspire.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A800107723FFD8FF14A7739301F857.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/273022/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.273022	FIGURE 71. Agelas schmidtii Wilson, 1902, a, habit of RMNH Por. 9794 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, detail of hollow base (scale bar = 1 cm), b – b 3, SEM images of spicules, b, slightly curved fullgrown verticillated styles, b 1, detail of b, b 2, large almost smooth style, b 3, smooth juvenile stage showing annular swellings as incipient verticils.	FIGURE 71. Agelas schmidtii Wilson, 1902, a, habit of RMNH Por. 9794 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, detail of hollow base (scale bar = 1 cm), b – b 3, SEM images of spicules, b, slightly curved fullgrown verticillated styles, b 1, detail of b, b 2, large almost smooth style, b 3, smooth juvenile stage showing annular swellings as incipient verticils.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A800107722FFDAFF14A7A691C6F90E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/273023/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.273023	FIGURE 72. Hymerhabdia kobluki sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 9844 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, cross section of skeleton, c – e, SEM images of spicules, c, large thick styles, c 1, details of c, d, short styles, d 1, thin growth stage of d, e, angularly bent oxeas, e 1, apices of e.	FIGURE 72. Hymerhabdia kobluki sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 9844 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, cross section of skeleton, c – e, SEM images of spicules, c, large thick styles, c 1, details of c, d, short styles, d 1, thin growth stage of d, e, angularly bent oxeas, e 1, apices of e.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A800107721FFD4FF14A444931FFEDA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/273024/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.273024	FIGURE 73. Prosuberites laughlini (Díaz, Alvarez & Van Soest, 1987), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 10543 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, cross section of the skeleton encrusting carbonate rubble, c – e, SEM images of spicules, c, large tylostyle, c 1, details of c, d, intermediate tylostyle, d 1, details of d, e, small tylostyle, e 1, details of e.	FIGURE 73. Prosuberites laughlini (Díaz, Alvarez & Van Soest, 1987), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 10543 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, cross section of the skeleton encrusting carbonate rubble, c – e, SEM images of spicules, c, large tylostyle, c 1, details of c, d, intermediate tylostyle, d 1, details of d, e, small tylostyle, e 1, details of e.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A80010772FFFD5FF14A1039331FA4D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/273025/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.273025	FIGURE 74. Polymastia agglutinans Ridley & Dendy, 1886, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9393 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic cross section of papilla, showing three-layered skeleton with outer palisade of tylostyles, intermediate layer of tangential styles and bundles of subtylostyles, c – e, SEM images of spicules, c, subtylostyle, c 1, details of c, d, style, d 1, details of d, e, tylostyle, e 1, detail of e.	FIGURE 74. Polymastia agglutinans Ridley & Dendy, 1886, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9393 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic cross section of papilla, showing three-layered skeleton with outer palisade of tylostyles, intermediate layer of tangential styles and bundles of subtylostyles, c – e, SEM images of spicules, c, subtylostyle, c 1, details of c, d, style, d 1, details of d, e, tylostyle, e 1, detail of e.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A80010772EFFD6FF14A51A9250FD57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/273026/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.273026	FIGURE 75. Pseudotrachya amaza (De Laubenfels, 1934), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9806 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – d, SEM images of spicules, b, style, b 1, details of b, c, small style, c 1, details of c, d, oxeas.	FIGURE 75. Pseudotrachya amaza (De Laubenfels, 1934), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9806 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – d, SEM images of spicules, b, style, b 1, details of b, c, small style, c 1, details of c, d, oxeas.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A80010772DFFD0FF14A4189281FB72.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/273027/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.273027	FIGURE 76. Radiella sol Schmidt, 1870, a, habitus of the largest individual of RMNH Por. 9364 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, SEM image of cross section of another individual of RMNH Por. 9364, c – e, SEM images of spicules, c, subtylostyle, c 1, details of c, d, intermediate tylostyle, d 1, details of d, e, small tylostyle, e 1, details of e.	FIGURE 76. Radiella sol Schmidt, 1870, a, habitus of the largest individual of RMNH Por. 9364 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, SEM image of cross section of another individual of RMNH Por. 9364, c – e, SEM images of spicules, c, subtylostyle, c 1, details of c, d, intermediate tylostyle, d 1, details of d, e, small tylostyle, e 1, details of e.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A80010772BFFD2FF14A613943DFE1A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/273028/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.273028	FIGURE 77. Sphaerotylus bouryesnaultae sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 6303 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – e, SEM images of spicules, b, exotyle details of both ends and middle part, b 1, detail of tylote end, b 2, detail of exotyle end, c, polytylote subtylostyle, b 1, detail of upper end of c, c 2, magnified details of c, d, intermediate tylostyle, d 1, details of d, e, small ectosomal tylostyle, e 1, details of e.	FIGURE 77. Sphaerotylus bouryesnaultae sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 6303 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – e, SEM images of spicules, b, exotyle details of both ends and middle part, b 1, detail of tylote end, b 2, detail of exotyle end, c, polytylote subtylostyle, b 1, detail of upper end of c, c 2, magnified details of c, d, intermediate tylostyle, d 1, details of d, e, small ectosomal tylostyle, e 1, details of e.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A800107729FFD3FF14A1BD95E1FC3E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/273029/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.273029	FIGURE 78. Hamacantha (Ƒomerula) agassizi Topsent, 1920, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9849 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – d, SEM images of spicules, b, style, b 1, details of b, c, diancistras, d, sigma, d 1, detail of d.	FIGURE 78. Hamacantha (Ƒomerula) agassizi Topsent, 1920, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9849 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – d, SEM images of spicules, b, style, b 1, details of b, c, diancistras, d, sigma, d 1, detail of d.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A800107728FF2CFF14A55F93D2F849.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/273030/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.273030	FIGURE 79. Tylosigma ostreicola sp. nov., a, habitus (arrow) of holotype RMNH Por. 9955 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, cross section of skeleton showing single styles erect on the substratum and scattered sigmas in the tissue, c – e, SEM images of spicules, c, large tylostyle, c 1, details of c, d, small tylostyle, d 1, details of d, e, sigma.	FIGURE 79. Tylosigma ostreicola sp. nov., a, habitus (arrow) of holotype RMNH Por. 9955 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, cross section of skeleton showing single styles erect on the substratum and scattered sigmas in the tissue, c – e, SEM images of spicules, c, large tylostyle, c 1, details of c, d, small tylostyle, d 1, details of d, e, sigma.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A8001077D6FF2EFF14A20791DBFD1F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/273031/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.273031	FIGURE 80. Cornulum johnsoni (De Laubenfels, 1934), a, light microscopic image of the surface skeleton, b – c, SEM images of spicules, b, microspined tylote, b 1, details of b, c, twisted palmate isochela, d – e, light microscopic images of toxas (outlines artificially enhanced), d, large toxa, e, small toxa.	FIGURE 80. Cornulum johnsoni (De Laubenfels, 1934), a, light microscopic image of the surface skeleton, b – c, SEM images of spicules, b, microspined tylote, b 1, details of b, c, twisted palmate isochela, d – e, light microscopic images of toxas (outlines artificially enhanced), d, large toxa, e, small toxa.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A8001077D5FF2FFF14A0C795EBFCC6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/273032/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.273032	FIGURE 81. Asbestopluma (Asbestopluma) gracilior (Schmidt, 1870), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9734 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – f, SEM images of spicules, b, long style, b 1, details of b, c, shorter subtylostyle, c 1, details of c, d, acanthostrongyle, e, sigmancistra, f, palmate anischelae.	FIGURE 81. Asbestopluma (Asbestopluma) gracilior (Schmidt, 1870), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9734 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – f, SEM images of spicules, b, long style, b 1, details of b, c, shorter subtylostyle, c 1, details of c, d, acanthostrongyle, e, sigmancistra, f, palmate anischelae.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A8001077D3FF29FF14A2079164FDFA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/273033/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.273033	FIGURE 82. Coelosphaera (Coelosphaera) lissodendoryxoides sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype (two fragments) RMNH Por. 10512 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – g, SEM images of spicules, b, large tylote, b 1, details of b, c, small tylote, c 1, details of c, d, large arcuate isochela, e, small arcuate isochela, f, large sigma, g, small sigma.	FIGURE 82. Coelosphaera (Coelosphaera) lissodendoryxoides sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype (two fragments) RMNH Por. 10512 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – g, SEM images of spicules, b, large tylote, b 1, details of b, c, small tylote, c 1, details of c, d, large arcuate isochela, e, small arcuate isochela, f, large sigma, g, small sigma.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A8001077D2FF2BFF14A44293F4FCC7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/273034/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.273034	FIGURE 83. Lissodendoryx (Lissodendoryx) colombiensis Zea & Van Soest, 1986, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9901 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – g, SEM images of spicules, b, strongyle, b 1, detail of b, c, tylote, c 1, detail of c, d, large arcuate isochela, e, small arcuate isochela, f, sigma, g, raphide, g 1, trichodragma.	FIGURE 83. Lissodendoryx (Lissodendoryx) colombiensis Zea & Van Soest, 1986, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9901 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – g, SEM images of spicules, b, strongyle, b 1, detail of b, c, tylote, c 1, detail of c, d, large arcuate isochela, e, small arcuate isochela, f, sigma, g, raphide, g 1, trichodragma.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A8001077D0FF25FF14A7589116FE12.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/273035/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.273035	FIGURE 84. Monanchora arbuscula (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 10546 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – h, SEM images of spicules, b – e, spicules of RMNH Por. 10546, b, tylostyle, b 1, details of b, c, subtylostyle, c 1, details of c, d, tridentate anchorate isochela, e, sigmoid microsclere, f – h, spicules of RMNH Por. 9957, f, tylostyle, f 1, details of f, g, subtylostyle, g 1, details of g, h, polydentate anchorate isochela.	FIGURE 84. Monanchora arbuscula (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 10546 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – h, SEM images of spicules, b – e, spicules of RMNH Por. 10546, b, tylostyle, b 1, details of b, c, subtylostyle, c 1, details of c, d, tridentate anchorate isochela, e, sigmoid microsclere, f – h, spicules of RMNH Por. 9957, f, tylostyle, f 1, details of f, g, subtylostyle, g 1, details of g, h, polydentate anchorate isochela.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A8001077DEFF26FF14A1DB9277FCC0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/273036/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.273036	FIGURE 85. Crella (Pytheas) chelifera Van Soest, 1984, a, light microscopic image of surface skeleton, b – f, SEM images of spicules, b, long acanthostyle, b 1, detail of b, c, short acanthostyle, d, tornote, d 1, details of d, e, acanthoxea, f, arcuate isochela. Crella chelifera Van Soest, 1984: 77, text-fig. 28; Van Soest & Stentoft 1988: 122.	FIGURE 85. Crella (Pytheas) chelifera Van Soest, 1984, a, light microscopic image of surface skeleton, b – f, SEM images of spicules, b, long acanthostyle, b 1, detail of b, c, short acanthostyle, d, tornote, d 1, details of d, e, acanthoxea, f, arcuate isochela. Crella chelifera Van Soest, 1984: 77, text-fig. 28; Van Soest & Stentoft 1988: 122.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A8001077DDFF26FF14A75095E0F805.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/273037/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.273037	FIGURE 86. Pyloderma tropicale sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 10513 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of the surface membrane, c – d, SEM images of the spicules, c, short and fat oxea, c 1, details of c, d, long and thin oxea, d 1, details of d.	FIGURE 86. Pyloderma tropicale sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 10513 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of the surface membrane, c – d, SEM images of the spicules, c, short and fat oxea, c 1, details of c, d, long and thin oxea, d 1, details of d.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A8001077DCFF20FF14A5409163FDA7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/273038/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.273038	FIGURE 87. Hymedesmia (Stylopus) alcoladoi sp. nov., holotype RMNH Por. 9956, a, SEM image of choanosomal skeleton, b – d, SEM images of spicules, b, large acanthostyle, b 1, detail of b, c, small acanthostyle, d, tornote, d 1, details of d.	FIGURE 87. Hymedesmia (Stylopus) alcoladoi sp. nov., holotype RMNH Por. 9956, a, SEM image of choanosomal skeleton, b – d, SEM images of spicules, b, large acanthostyle, b 1, detail of b, c, small acanthostyle, d, tornote, d 1, details of d.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A8001077DBFF22FF14A5EB9313FDA7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/273039/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.273039	FIGURE 88. Phorbas amaranthus Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 10520 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – e, SEM images of spicules, b, large acanthostyle, b 1, detail of b, c, small acanthostyle, c 1, magnified image of c, d, tornote, d 1, details of d, e, arcuate isochela.	FIGURE 88. Phorbas amaranthus Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 10520 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – e, SEM images of spicules, b, large acanthostyle, b 1, detail of b, c, small acanthostyle, c 1, magnified image of c, d, tornote, d 1, details of d, e, arcuate isochela.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A8001077D9FF23FF14A07691FBFD57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/273040/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.273040	FIGURE 89. Iotrochota birotulata (Higgin, 1877), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9940 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – f, SEM images of spicules, b, long thin style, b 1, details of b, c, short thick style, d, thick strongyle, e, thin strongyle, e 1, detail of e, f, birotule.	FIGURE 89. Iotrochota birotulata (Higgin, 1877), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9940 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – f, SEM images of spicules, b, long thin style, b 1, details of b, c, short thick style, d, thick strongyle, e, thin strongyle, e 1, detail of e, f, birotule.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A8001077D8FF3DFF14A09F9088FCC6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/273041/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.273041	FIGURE 90. Antho (Acarnia) penneyi (De Laubenfels, 1936), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9929 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of a cross section of the skeleton, c – j, SEM images of spicules, c, large ectosomal style, c 1, details of c, d, middle sized choanosomal style, d 1, details of d, e, echinating small style, e 1, details of e, f, large ectosomal subtylostyle, f 1, details of f, g, small ectosomal style, g 1, details of g, h, acanthostrongyle, i, toxa, j, twisted palmate isochela.	FIGURE 90. Antho (Acarnia) penneyi (De Laubenfels, 1936), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9929 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of a cross section of the skeleton, c – j, SEM images of spicules, c, large ectosomal style, c 1, details of c, d, middle sized choanosomal style, d 1, details of d, e, echinating small style, e 1, details of e, f, large ectosomal subtylostyle, f 1, details of f, g, small ectosomal style, g 1, details of g, h, acanthostrongyle, i, toxa, j, twisted palmate isochela.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A8001077C6FF3FFF14A7569509FBC2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/273042/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.273042	FIGURE 91. Clathria (Clathria) gomezae sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 9954 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – h, SEM images of spicules, b, large style, b 1, details of b, c, small style, c 1, details of c, d, larger and smaller subtylostyle, d 1, details of larger subtylostyle, e, large cleistochelae, f, small cleistochela, g, palmate isochela, h, toxa.	FIGURE 91. Clathria (Clathria) gomezae sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 9954 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – h, SEM images of spicules, b, large style, b 1, details of b, c, small style, c 1, details of c, d, larger and smaller subtylostyle, d 1, details of larger subtylostyle, e, large cleistochelae, f, small cleistochela, g, palmate isochela, h, toxa.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A8001077C4FF39FF14A7839564FE87.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/273043/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.273043	FIGURE 92. Clathria (Microciona) snelliusae sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 9868 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – f, SEM images of spicules, b, style, b 1, details of b, c, large subtylostyle, c 1, details of c, d, small subtylostyle, d 1, details of d, e, acanthostyles, f, palmate isochelae, g, light microscopic image of toxas (not found on the SEM stub).	FIGURE 92. Clathria (Microciona) snelliusae sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 9868 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – f, SEM images of spicules, b, style, b 1, details of b, c, large subtylostyle, c 1, details of c, d, small subtylostyle, d 1, details of d, e, acanthostyles, f, palmate isochelae, g, light microscopic image of toxas (not found on the SEM stub).	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A8001077C2FF39FF14A2DD91D1F8E6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/273044/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.273044	FIGURE 93. Clathria (Thalysias) curacaoensis (Arndt, 1927), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9944 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopy image of cross section of the skeleton, c – k, SEM images of the spicules, c, style, c 1, details of c, d, large subtylostyle, d 1, details of d, e, middle-sized subtylostyle, e 1, detail of e, f, small subtylostyle, f 1, details of f, g, peculiar subtylostyle with T-shaped head, g 1 – g 3, variations of subtylostyle heads of g, h, acanthostyle, i, normal palmate isochela, j, twisted palmate isochela, j 1, magnified twisted palmate isochela, k, toxa.	FIGURE 93. Clathria (Thalysias) curacaoensis (Arndt, 1927), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9944 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopy image of cross section of the skeleton, c – k, SEM images of the spicules, c, style, c 1, details of c, d, large subtylostyle, d 1, details of d, e, middle-sized subtylostyle, e 1, detail of e, f, small subtylostyle, f 1, details of f, g, peculiar subtylostyle with T-shaped head, g 1 – g 3, variations of subtylostyle heads of g, h, acanthostyle, i, normal palmate isochela, j, twisted palmate isochela, j 1, magnified twisted palmate isochela, k, toxa.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A8001077C0FF34FF14A3F395EBFD32.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/273045/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.273045	FIGURE 94. Clathria (Thalysias) complanata sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 9972 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – f, SEM images of spicules, b, style, b 1, details of b, c, large subtylostyle, c 1, details of c, d, small subtylostyle, d 1, details of d, e, palmate isochela, f, toxa.	FIGURE 94. Clathria (Thalysias) complanata sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 9972 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – f, SEM images of spicules, b, style, b 1, details of b, c, large subtylostyle, c 1, details of c, d, small subtylostyle, d 1, details of d, e, palmate isochela, f, toxa.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A8001077CFFF35FF14A1979473FE86.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/273046/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.273046	FIGURE 95. Clathria (Thalysias) zeai sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 9885 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – g, SEM images of the spicules, b, style, b 1, details of b, c, large subtylostyle, c 1, details of c, d, small subtylostyle, d 1, detail of d, e, acanthostyle, f – f 1, twisted palmate isochelae, g, toxa, g 1, detail of toxa ending.	FIGURE 95. Clathria (Thalysias) zeai sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 9885 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – g, SEM images of the spicules, b, style, b 1, details of b, c, large subtylostyle, c 1, details of c, d, small subtylostyle, d 1, detail of d, e, acanthostyle, f – f 1, twisted palmate isochelae, g, toxa, g 1, detail of toxa ending.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A8001077CEFF37FF14A51E93BBFC8F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/273047/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.273047	FIGURE 96. Clathria (Axosuberites) riosae sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 9916 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of cross section of papilla, c – f, SEM images of the spicules, c, style, c 1, details of c, d, large subtylostyle, d 1, details of d, e, small subtylostyle, e 1, details of e, f, palmate isochelae.	FIGURE 96. Clathria (Axosuberites) riosae sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 9916 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of cross section of papilla, c – f, SEM images of the spicules, c, style, c 1, details of c, d, large subtylostyle, d 1, details of d, e, small subtylostyle, e 1, details of e, f, palmate isochelae.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A8001077CCFF31FF14A75791FEFF62.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/273048/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.273048	FIGURE 97. Mycale (Mycale) arenaria Hajdu & Desqueyroux-Faúndez, 1994, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9994 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – d, light microscopic images of the ectosomal skeleton, b, overview of showing subgenus Mycale skeleton and rosettes of anisochelae, c, two size categories of sigmas, d, two size categories of trichodragmas.	FIGURE 97. Mycale (Mycale) arenaria Hajdu & Desqueyroux-Faúndez, 1994, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9994 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – d, light microscopic images of the ectosomal skeleton, b, overview of showing subgenus Mycale skeleton and rosettes of anisochelae, c, two size categories of sigmas, d, two size categories of trichodragmas.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A8001077CCFF31FF14A75791FEFF62.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/273049/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.273049	FIGURE 98. Mycale (Mycale) arenaria Hajdu & Desqueyroux-Faúndez, 1994, a – e, f 1, SEM images of the spicules of RMNH Por. 9994, f – g, light microscopic images of spicules of RMNH Por. 9994, a, style, a 1, details of a, b, large anisochela, c, small anisochela, d, large sigma, e, small sigma, f, large trichodragma, f 1, large raphide, g, small trichodragma.	FIGURE 98. Mycale (Mycale) arenaria Hajdu & Desqueyroux-Faúndez, 1994, a – e, f 1, SEM images of the spicules of RMNH Por. 9994, f – g, light microscopic images of spicules of RMNH Por. 9994, a, style, a 1, details of a, b, large anisochela, c, small anisochela, d, large sigma, e, small sigma, f, large trichodragma, f 1, large raphide, g, small trichodragma.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A8001077CAFF33FF14A40D95E1FD75.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/273050/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.273050	FIGURE 99. Mycale (Mycale) cf. laevis (Carter, 1882), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9850 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of cross section of the skeleton, c – I, SEM images of the spicules, c, style, c 1, details of c, d, anisochela I, e, anisochela II, f, anisochela III, f 1, detail of f, g, large sigma, h, small sigma, i, trichodragma.	FIGURE 99. Mycale (Mycale) cf. laevis (Carter, 1882), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9850 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of cross section of the skeleton, c – I, SEM images of the spicules, c, style, c 1, details of c, d, anisochela I, e, anisochela II, f, anisochela III, f 1, detail of f, g, large sigma, h, small sigma, i, trichodragma.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A8001077C8FF0CFF14A02F952FF817.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/273051/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.273051	FIGURE 100. Mycale (Mycale) quadripartita Boury-Esnault, 1973, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9781 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, cross section of RMNH Por. 6310 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – c, light microscopic images of the spicules, b, rosette of anisochela I, c, trichodragmas, d – l, SEM images of the spicules, d, style, d 1, details of d, e, small style, f, anisochela I, g, anisochela II, h, anisochela III, i, large sigma, j, intermediate sized sigma, k, small sigma, k 1, enlarged image of k, l, raphide.	FIGURE 100. Mycale (Mycale) quadripartita Boury-Esnault, 1973, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9781 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, cross section of RMNH Por. 6310 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – c, light microscopic images of the spicules, b, rosette of anisochela I, c, trichodragmas, d – l, SEM images of the spicules, d, style, d 1, details of d, e, small style, f, anisochela I, g, anisochela II, h, anisochela III, i, large sigma, j, intermediate sized sigma, k, small sigma, k 1, enlarged image of k, l, raphide.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A8001077C8FF0CFF14A02F952FF817.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/272952/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.272952	FIGURE 1. Map of the northeast coast of South America showing the Guyana Shelf with 200 m depth contour and in the inset the area covered by the Dutch HMS ‘ Snellius’ O. C. P. S. 1966, HMS ’ Luymes’ O. C. P. S. II 1969, and HMS ‘ Luymes’ Guyana Shelf 1970 expeditions. Arrows indicate predominant current direction. Map courtesy of www. prima. com (map collection Free Edition).	FIGURE 1. Map of the northeast coast of South America showing the Guyana Shelf with 200 m depth contour and in the inset the area covered by the Dutch HMS ‘ Snellius’ O. C. P. S. 1966, HMS ’ Luymes’ O. C. P. S. II 1969, and HMS ‘ Luymes’ Guyana Shelf 1970 expeditions. Arrows indicate predominant current direction. Map courtesy of www. prima. com (map collection Free Edition).	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A8001077F6FF0EFF14A3B2937CFBAF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/273052/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.273052	FIGURE 101. Mycale (Zygomycale) angulosa (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9947 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of surface skeleton, c – j, SEM images of the spicules, c, style, c 1, details of c, d, anisochela I, e, anisochela II, f, palmate isochela, g, large sigma, h, small sigma, i, toxa, i 1, toxodragma, j, trichodragma.	FIGURE 101. Mycale (Zygomycale) angulosa (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9947 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of surface skeleton, c – j, SEM images of the spicules, c, style, c 1, details of c, d, anisochela I, e, anisochela II, f, palmate isochela, g, large sigma, h, small sigma, i, toxa, i 1, toxodragma, j, trichodragma.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A8001077F5FF08FF14A67E94F6FCE5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/273053/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.273053	FIGURE 102. Hymenancora cristoboi sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 9920 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – i, SEM images of the spicules, b, large acanthostyle, b 1, detail of b, c, small acanthostyle, c 1, detail of c, d, acanthose tornote, d 1, detail of d, d 2, smooth tornote, d 3, detail of d 2, e, large anchorate isochela, f, middle-sized anchorate isochela, g, smallest anchorate isochela, g 1, enlarged smallest anchorate isochela, h, large sigma, i, small sigma.	FIGURE 102. Hymenancora cristoboi sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 9920 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – i, SEM images of the spicules, b, large acanthostyle, b 1, detail of b, c, small acanthostyle, c 1, detail of c, d, acanthose tornote, d 1, detail of d, d 2, smooth tornote, d 3, detail of d 2, e, large anchorate isochela, f, middle-sized anchorate isochela, g, smallest anchorate isochela, g 1, enlarged smallest anchorate isochela, h, large sigma, i, small sigma.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A8001077F3FF09FF14A7C3928DFE4A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/273054/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.273054	FIGURE 103. Tedania (Tedania) ignis (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864). a, habitus of RMNH Por. 6308 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – e, SEM images of the spicules, b, style, b 1, details of b, c, microspined tylote, c 1, details of c, d, long onychaete, d 1, details of d, e, short onychaete, e 1, enlarged image of e.	FIGURE 103. Tedania (Tedania) ignis (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864). a, habitus of RMNH Por. 6308 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – e, SEM images of the spicules, b, style, b 1, details of b, c, microspined tylote, c 1, details of c, d, long onychaete, d 1, details of d, e, short onychaete, e 1, enlarged image of e.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A8001077F1FF0AFF14A0DB9517F809.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/273055/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.273055	FIGURE 104. Tedania (Stylotedania) folium subgen. nov. sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 9324 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – e, SEM images of the spicules, b, choanosomal style, b 1, details of b, c, ectosomal style, c, details of c, d, long onychaete, d 1, details of d, d 2, detail of tyle, e, small onychaete, e 1, magnified image of e, e 2, detail of tyle.	FIGURE 104. Tedania (Stylotedania) folium subgen. nov. sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 9324 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – e, SEM images of the spicules, b, choanosomal style, b 1, details of b, c, ectosomal style, c, details of c, d, long onychaete, d 1, details of d, d 2, detail of tyle, e, small onychaete, e 1, magnified image of e, e 2, detail of tyle.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A8001077FEFF06FF14A0E29207FEDA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/273056/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.273056	FIGURE 106. Diplastrella spirastrelloides sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 9843 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – f, SEM images of the spicules, b, large tylostyle, b 1, details of b, c, middle-sized tylostyle, c 1, details of c, d, small tylostyle, d 1, detail of d, e, large diplaster, f, small diplasters.	FIGURE 106. Diplastrella spirastrelloides sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 9843 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – f, SEM images of the spicules, b, large tylostyle, b 1, details of b, c, middle-sized tylostyle, c 1, details of c, d, small tylostyle, d 1, detail of d, e, large diplaster, f, small diplasters.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A8001077FDFF07FF14A51D9152F966.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/273057/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.273057	FIGURE 107. Spirastrella erylicola sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 10535 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – c, SEM images of the spicules, b, tylostyle, b 1, details of b, c, spiraster, c 1, spiraster with secondary spines, c 2, younger forms of the spirasters.	FIGURE 107. Spirastrella erylicola sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 10535 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – c, SEM images of the spicules, b, tylostyle, b 1, details of b, c, spiraster, c 1, spiraster with secondary spines, c 2, younger forms of the spirasters.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A8001077FBFF00FF14A3F39217F870.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/273058/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.273058	FIGURE 108. Placospongia ruetzleri sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype 9872 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – g, SEM images of the spicules, b, large tylostyle, b 1, details of b, c, small tylostyle, c 1, details of c, d, selenaster, e, juvenile selenaster, f, spirasters, g, acanthomicrorhabds.	FIGURE 108. Placospongia ruetzleri sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype 9872 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – g, SEM images of the spicules, b, large tylostyle, b 1, details of b, c, small tylostyle, c 1, details of c, d, selenaster, e, juvenile selenaster, f, spirasters, g, acanthomicrorhabds.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A8001077FAFF03FF14A44C94C0FCC6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/273059/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.273059	FIGURE 109. Hemiasterella camelus sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 9924 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, large oxea, b 1, details of b, c, small oxea, c 1, details of c, d, large oxyspherasters, e, small oxyspheraster.	FIGURE 109. Hemiasterella camelus sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 9924 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, large oxea, b 1, details of b, c, small oxea, c 1, details of c, d, large oxyspherasters, e, small oxyspheraster.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A8001077F8FF1CFF14A75693CAF812.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/273060/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.273060	FIGURE 110. Columnitis squamata Schmidt, 1870, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9818 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – f, SEM images of the spicules, b, large style, b 1, details of b, c, small style, c 1, details of c, d, megaster, e, acanthostrongylaster, f, micraster / tylaster.	FIGURE 110. Columnitis squamata Schmidt, 1870, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9818 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – f, SEM images of the spicules, b, large style, b 1, details of b, c, small style, c 1, details of c, d, megaster, e, acanthostrongylaster, f, micraster / tylaster.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A8001077E6FF1DFF14A3B592AEF82F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/273061/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.273061	FIGURE 111. Halicometes stellata (Schmidt, 1870), a, light microscopic image of habitus of RMNH Por. 9858 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – h, SEM images of the spicules, b, large style / strongyloxea, b 1, details of b, c, small style / strongyloxea, c 1, detail of c, d, exotyle, d 1, detail of d, e, megasters, e 1, megasters with low ray number, f, irregular oxyaster with conical rays, g, micraster / tylaster, g 1, smooth micraster, h, tiny micraster.	FIGURE 111. Halicometes stellata (Schmidt, 1870), a, light microscopic image of habitus of RMNH Por. 9858 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – h, SEM images of the spicules, b, large style / strongyloxea, b 1, details of b, c, small style / strongyloxea, c 1, detail of c, d, exotyle, d 1, detail of d, e, megasters, e 1, megasters with low ray number, f, irregular oxyaster with conical rays, g, micraster / tylaster, g 1, smooth micraster, h, tiny micraster.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A8001077E4FF18FF14A24E949DFD32.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/273062/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.273062	FIGURE 112. Timea tylasterina sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 9776 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – e, SEM images of the spicules, b, tylostyle, b 1, details of b, c, large tylasters, d, small tylasters, e, middle-sized thin-rayed tylaster.	FIGURE 112. Timea tylasterina sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 9776 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – e, SEM images of the spicules, b, tylostyle, b 1, details of b, c, large tylasters, d, small tylasters, e, middle-sized thin-rayed tylaster.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A8001077E4FF18FF14A24E949DFD32.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/272952/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.272952	FIGURE 1. Map of the northeast coast of South America showing the Guyana Shelf with 200 m depth contour and in the inset the area covered by the Dutch HMS ‘ Snellius’ O. C. P. S. 1966, HMS ’ Luymes’ O. C. P. S. II 1969, and HMS ‘ Luymes’ Guyana Shelf 1970 expeditions. Arrows indicate predominant current direction. Map courtesy of www. prima. com (map collection Free Edition).	FIGURE 1. Map of the northeast coast of South America showing the Guyana Shelf with 200 m depth contour and in the inset the area covered by the Dutch HMS ‘ Snellius’ O. C. P. S. 1966, HMS ’ Luymes’ O. C. P. S. II 1969, and HMS ‘ Luymes’ Guyana Shelf 1970 expeditions. Arrows indicate predominant current direction. Map courtesy of www. prima. com (map collection Free Edition).	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A8001077E4FF18FF14A24E949DFD32.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/272953/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.272953	FIGURE 2. Overview of stations on the Guyana Shelf made by the Dutch HMS ‘ Snellius’ O. C. P. S. 1966, HMS ’ Luymes’ O. C. P. S. II 1969, and HMS ‘ Luymes’ Guyana Shelf 1970 expeditions (black dots), with numbered stations where sponges were obtained. Details for each station are provided in the text with each described sponge species.	FIGURE 2. Overview of stations on the Guyana Shelf made by the Dutch HMS ‘ Snellius’ O. C. P. S. 1966, HMS ’ Luymes’ O. C. P. S. II 1969, and HMS ‘ Luymes’ Guyana Shelf 1970 expeditions (black dots), with numbered stations where sponges were obtained. Details for each station are provided in the text with each described sponge species.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A8001077E4FF18FF14A24E949DFD32.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/272954/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.272954	FIGURE 3. Chondrilla caribensis Rützler, Duran & Piantoni, 2007, RMNH Por. 9816, a, habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b, SEM image of spherasters.	FIGURE 3. Chondrilla caribensis Rützler, Duran & Piantoni, 2007, RMNH Por. 9816, a, habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b, SEM image of spherasters.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A8001077E4FF18FF14A24E949DFD32.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/272955/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.272955	FIGURE 4. Chondrosia collectrix (Schmidt, 1870), RMNH Por. 9338, a, habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of cross section of peripheral region.	FIGURE 4. Chondrosia collectrix (Schmidt, 1870), RMNH Por. 9338, a, habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of cross section of peripheral region.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A8001077E4FF18FF14A24E949DFD32.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/272956/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.272956	FIGURE 5. Aplysina caissara Pinheiro & Hajdu, 2001, RMNH Por. 9340, a, habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of skeleton of pithed fibers.	FIGURE 5. Aplysina caissara Pinheiro & Hajdu, 2001, RMNH Por. 9340, a, habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of skeleton of pithed fibers.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A8001077E4FF18FF14A24E949DFD32.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/272957/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.272957	FIGURE 6. Aplysina cauliformis (Carter, 1882), RMNH Por. 9340, a, habitus of two specimens (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of skeleton of pithed fibers.	FIGURE 6. Aplysina cauliformis (Carter, 1882), RMNH Por. 9340, a, habitus of two specimens (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of skeleton of pithed fibers.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A8001077E4FF18FF14A24E949DFD32.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/272958/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.272958	FIGURE 7. Aiolochroia crassa (Hyatt, 1875), RMNH Por. 9819, a, habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of skeleton of pithed fibers.	FIGURE 7. Aiolochroia crassa (Hyatt, 1875), RMNH Por. 9819, a, habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of skeleton of pithed fibers.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A8001077E4FF18FF14A24E949DFD32.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/272959/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.272959	FIGURE 8. Chelonaplysilla americana sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 9812 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of surface sand grain reticulation.	FIGURE 8. Chelonaplysilla americana sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 9812 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of surface sand grain reticulation.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A8001077E4FF18FF14A24E949DFD32.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/272960/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.272960	FIGURE 9. Igernella notabilis (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864), RMNH Por. 9337, a, fragments (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, one of the fragments enlarged (scale bar = 1 cm), b – c, light microscopic images, b, peripheral skeleton, c, horny spicule.	FIGURE 9. Igernella notabilis (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864), RMNH Por. 9337, a, fragments (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, one of the fragments enlarged (scale bar = 1 cm), b – c, light microscopic images, b, peripheral skeleton, c, horny spicule.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A8001077E4FF18FF14A24E949DFD32.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/272961/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.272961	FIGURE 10. Ircinia felix (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9333 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, habitus of RMNH Por. 9936 (scale bar = 1 cm), c – d, light microscopic images of skeleton of RMNH Por. 9904, c, cross section, d, filaments.	FIGURE 10. Ircinia felix (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9333 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, habitus of RMNH Por. 9936 (scale bar = 1 cm), c – d, light microscopic images of skeleton of RMNH Por. 9904, c, cross section, d, filaments.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A8001077E4FF18FF14A24E949DFD32.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/272962/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.272962	FIGURE 11. Dysidea etheria De Laubenfels, 1936, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9353 (scale bar = 1 cm), b. light microscopic image of cross section of skeleton of RMNH 10510.	FIGURE 11. Dysidea etheria De Laubenfels, 1936, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9353 (scale bar = 1 cm), b. light microscopic image of cross section of skeleton of RMNH 10510.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A8001077E4FF18FF14A24E949DFD32.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/272963/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.272963	FIGURE 12. Callyspongia (Callyspongia) cf. pallida Hechtel, 1965, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9894 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, habitus of RMNH Por. 9900 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of surface skeleton of RMNH Por. 9894, c – c 1, SEM images of skeleton of RMNH Por. 9900, c, surface skeleton, c 1, detail of c, d, SEM image of oxeas.	FIGURE 12. Callyspongia (Callyspongia) cf. pallida Hechtel, 1965, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9894 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, habitus of RMNH Por. 9900 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of surface skeleton of RMNH Por. 9894, c – c 1, SEM images of skeleton of RMNH Por. 9900, c, surface skeleton, c 1, detail of c, d, SEM image of oxeas.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A8001077E3FF18FF14A0BB92B6F856.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/273063/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.273063	FIGURE 113. Axinyssa ambrosia (De Laubenfels, 1936), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9999 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, habitus of RMNH Por. 9331 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – b 1, SEM images of the spicules, b, various sizes and shapes of oxeas, b 1, details of two of the oxeas.	FIGURE 113. Axinyssa ambrosia (De Laubenfels, 1936), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9999 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, habitus of RMNH Por. 9331 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – b 1, SEM images of the spicules, b, various sizes and shapes of oxeas, b 1, details of two of the oxeas.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A8001077E2FF1AFF14A6749084F8D0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/273064/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.273064	FIGURE 114. Ciocalypta alba Carvalho, Carraro, Lerner & Hajdu, 2003, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9938 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of surface skeleton, c, detail of b, d – f, SEM images of the spicules, d, large oxea, d 1, details of d, e, middle-sized oxea, e 1, details of e, f, small oxea, f 1, details of f.	FIGURE 114. Ciocalypta alba Carvalho, Carraro, Lerner & Hajdu, 2003, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9938 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of surface skeleton, c, detail of b, d – f, SEM images of the spicules, d, large oxea, d 1, details of d, e, middle-sized oxea, e 1, details of e, f, small oxea, f 1, details of f.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A8001077E0FF14FF14A3B292F2FB8A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/273065/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.273065	FIGURE 115. Epipolasis tubulata sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 9965, a 1, habitus of paratype RMNH Por. 10549 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of tangential halichondrioid ectosomal skeleton, c, ditto of cross section of peripheral skeleton, d – g, SEM images of the spicules, d, large oxeote style, d 1, details of d, e, small oxeote style, e 1, details of e, f, trichodragma, g, individual raphide, g 1, detail of hooked end of g.	FIGURE 115. Epipolasis tubulata sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 9965, a 1, habitus of paratype RMNH Por. 10549 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of tangential halichondrioid ectosomal skeleton, c, ditto of cross section of peripheral skeleton, d – g, SEM images of the spicules, d, large oxeote style, d 1, details of d, e, small oxeote style, e 1, details of e, f, trichodragma, g, individual raphide, g 1, detail of hooked end of g.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A8001077EFFF15FF14A7F094B8FE4A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/273066/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.273066	FIGURE 116. Hymeniacidon heliophila (Wilson, 1911), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9923 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of surface skeleton, c – c 1, SEM images of the spicules, c, various shapes of styles, c 1, details of c.	FIGURE 116. Hymeniacidon heliophila (Wilson, 1911), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9923 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of surface skeleton, c – c 1, SEM images of the spicules, c, various shapes of styles, c 1, details of c.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A8001077EEFF17FF14A43E9236FD32.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/273067/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.273067	FIGURE 117. Topsentia ophiraphidites (De Laubenfels, 1934), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9827 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, habitus of RMNH Por. 9303 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – e, SEM images of the spicules, b, large oxea, b 1, details of b, c, middle-sized oxea, c 1, details of c, d, small oxea, e, crooked middle-sized oxea.	FIGURE 117. Topsentia ophiraphidites (De Laubenfels, 1934), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9827 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, habitus of RMNH Por. 9303 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – e, SEM images of the spicules, b, large oxea, b 1, details of b, c, middle-sized oxea, c 1, details of c, d, small oxea, e, crooked middle-sized oxea.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A8001077ECFF17FF14A0E2948FF81A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/273068/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.273068	FIGURE 118. Pseudospongosorites suberitoides (Díaz, Pomponi & Van Soest, 1993), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9299 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, habitus of RMNH Por. 9778 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – c, SEM images of the spicules, b, large oxea, b 1, detail of b, c, small oxea, c 1 detail of c.	FIGURE 118. Pseudospongosorites suberitoides (Díaz, Pomponi & Van Soest, 1993), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9299 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, habitus of RMNH Por. 9778 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – c, SEM images of the spicules, b, large oxea, b 1, detail of b, c, small oxea, c 1 detail of c.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A8001077EBFF11FF14A67492A8FE1D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/273069/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.273069	FIGURE 119. Rhizaxinella clava (Schmidt, 1870), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9925 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, detail of body of RMNH Por. 9925, b – d, SEM images of the spicules, b, long style from the stalk, b 1, details of b, c, intermediate style from the body, c 1, detail of c, d, small ectosomal (sub-) tylostyle, d 1, details of d.	FIGURE 119. Rhizaxinella clava (Schmidt, 1870), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9925 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, detail of body of RMNH Por. 9925, b – d, SEM images of the spicules, b, long style from the stalk, b 1, details of b, c, intermediate style from the body, c 1, detail of c, d, small ectosomal (sub-) tylostyle, d 1, details of d.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A8001077EBFF11FF14A67492A8FE1D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/272952/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.272952	FIGURE 1. Map of the northeast coast of South America showing the Guyana Shelf with 200 m depth contour and in the inset the area covered by the Dutch HMS ‘ Snellius’ O. C. P. S. 1966, HMS ’ Luymes’ O. C. P. S. II 1969, and HMS ‘ Luymes’ Guyana Shelf 1970 expeditions. Arrows indicate predominant current direction. Map courtesy of www. prima. com (map collection Free Edition).	FIGURE 1. Map of the northeast coast of South America showing the Guyana Shelf with 200 m depth contour and in the inset the area covered by the Dutch HMS ‘ Snellius’ O. C. P. S. 1966, HMS ’ Luymes’ O. C. P. S. II 1969, and HMS ‘ Luymes’ Guyana Shelf 1970 expeditions. Arrows indicate predominant current direction. Map courtesy of www. prima. com (map collection Free Edition).	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A8001077EBFF11FF14A67492A8FE1D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/272953/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.272953	FIGURE 2. Overview of stations on the Guyana Shelf made by the Dutch HMS ‘ Snellius’ O. C. P. S. 1966, HMS ’ Luymes’ O. C. P. S. II 1969, and HMS ‘ Luymes’ Guyana Shelf 1970 expeditions (black dots), with numbered stations where sponges were obtained. Details for each station are provided in the text with each described sponge species.	FIGURE 2. Overview of stations on the Guyana Shelf made by the Dutch HMS ‘ Snellius’ O. C. P. S. 1966, HMS ’ Luymes’ O. C. P. S. II 1969, and HMS ‘ Luymes’ Guyana Shelf 1970 expeditions (black dots), with numbered stations where sponges were obtained. Details for each station are provided in the text with each described sponge species.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A8001077EBFF11FF14A67492A8FE1D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/272954/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.272954	FIGURE 3. Chondrilla caribensis Rützler, Duran & Piantoni, 2007, RMNH Por. 9816, a, habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b, SEM image of spherasters.	FIGURE 3. Chondrilla caribensis Rützler, Duran & Piantoni, 2007, RMNH Por. 9816, a, habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b, SEM image of spherasters.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A8001077EBFF11FF14A67492A8FE1D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/272955/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.272955	FIGURE 4. Chondrosia collectrix (Schmidt, 1870), RMNH Por. 9338, a, habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of cross section of peripheral region.	FIGURE 4. Chondrosia collectrix (Schmidt, 1870), RMNH Por. 9338, a, habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of cross section of peripheral region.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A8001077EBFF11FF14A67492A8FE1D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/272956/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.272956	FIGURE 5. Aplysina caissara Pinheiro & Hajdu, 2001, RMNH Por. 9340, a, habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of skeleton of pithed fibers.	FIGURE 5. Aplysina caissara Pinheiro & Hajdu, 2001, RMNH Por. 9340, a, habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of skeleton of pithed fibers.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A8001077EBFF11FF14A67492A8FE1D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/272957/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.272957	FIGURE 6. Aplysina cauliformis (Carter, 1882), RMNH Por. 9340, a, habitus of two specimens (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of skeleton of pithed fibers.	FIGURE 6. Aplysina cauliformis (Carter, 1882), RMNH Por. 9340, a, habitus of two specimens (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of skeleton of pithed fibers.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A8001077EBFF11FF14A67492A8FE1D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/272958/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.272958	FIGURE 7. Aiolochroia crassa (Hyatt, 1875), RMNH Por. 9819, a, habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of skeleton of pithed fibers.	FIGURE 7. Aiolochroia crassa (Hyatt, 1875), RMNH Por. 9819, a, habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of skeleton of pithed fibers.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A8001077EBFF11FF14A67492A8FE1D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/272959/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.272959	FIGURE 8. Chelonaplysilla americana sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 9812 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of surface sand grain reticulation.	FIGURE 8. Chelonaplysilla americana sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 9812 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of surface sand grain reticulation.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A8001077EBFF11FF14A67492A8FE1D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/272960/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.272960	FIGURE 9. Igernella notabilis (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864), RMNH Por. 9337, a, fragments (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, one of the fragments enlarged (scale bar = 1 cm), b – c, light microscopic images, b, peripheral skeleton, c, horny spicule.	FIGURE 9. Igernella notabilis (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864), RMNH Por. 9337, a, fragments (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, one of the fragments enlarged (scale bar = 1 cm), b – c, light microscopic images, b, peripheral skeleton, c, horny spicule.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A8001077EBFF11FF14A67492A8FE1D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/272961/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.272961	FIGURE 10. Ircinia felix (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9333 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, habitus of RMNH Por. 9936 (scale bar = 1 cm), c – d, light microscopic images of skeleton of RMNH Por. 9904, c, cross section, d, filaments.	FIGURE 10. Ircinia felix (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9333 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, habitus of RMNH Por. 9936 (scale bar = 1 cm), c – d, light microscopic images of skeleton of RMNH Por. 9904, c, cross section, d, filaments.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A8001077EBFF11FF14A67492A8FE1D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/272962/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.272962	FIGURE 11. Dysidea etheria De Laubenfels, 1936, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9353 (scale bar = 1 cm), b. light microscopic image of cross section of skeleton of RMNH 10510.	FIGURE 11. Dysidea etheria De Laubenfels, 1936, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9353 (scale bar = 1 cm), b. light microscopic image of cross section of skeleton of RMNH 10510.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A8001077EBFF11FF14A67492A8FE1D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/272963/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.272963	FIGURE 12. Callyspongia (Callyspongia) cf. pallida Hechtel, 1965, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9894 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, habitus of RMNH Por. 9900 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of surface skeleton of RMNH Por. 9894, c – c 1, SEM images of skeleton of RMNH Por. 9900, c, surface skeleton, c 1, detail of c, d, SEM image of oxeas.	FIGURE 12. Callyspongia (Callyspongia) cf. pallida Hechtel, 1965, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9894 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, habitus of RMNH Por. 9900 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of surface skeleton of RMNH Por. 9894, c – c 1, SEM images of skeleton of RMNH Por. 9900, c, surface skeleton, c 1, detail of c, d, SEM image of oxeas.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A8001077EBFF11FF14A67492A8FE1D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/272964/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.272964	FIGURE 13. Callyspongia (Callyspongia) scutica sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 9874 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, detail of branches of a (scale bar = 1 cm), b, habitus of paratype RMNH Por. 9968 (scale bar = 1 cm), c, SEM images of oxeas of holotype RMNH Por. 9874.	FIGURE 13. Callyspongia (Callyspongia) scutica sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 9874 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, detail of branches of a (scale bar = 1 cm), b, habitus of paratype RMNH Por. 9968 (scale bar = 1 cm), c, SEM images of oxeas of holotype RMNH Por. 9874.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A8001077EBFF11FF14A67492A8FE1D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/272965/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.272965	FIGURE 14. Callyspongia (Callyspongia) scutica sp. nov., holotype RMNH Por. 9874, a – d, SEM images of skeleton, a, overview of surface with oscule, b, cross section of branch, c, detail of ‘ double’ surface skeleton, d, cross section of peripheral skeleton, e – f, lightmicroscopic images of skeleton, e, surface skeleton showing unispicular spicule network, f, cross section of choanosomal skeleton showing rectangular reticulation of paucispicular fibers.	FIGURE 14. Callyspongia (Callyspongia) scutica sp. nov., holotype RMNH Por. 9874, a – d, SEM images of skeleton, a, overview of surface with oscule, b, cross section of branch, c, detail of ‘ double’ surface skeleton, d, cross section of peripheral skeleton, e – f, lightmicroscopic images of skeleton, e, surface skeleton showing unispicular spicule network, f, cross section of choanosomal skeleton showing rectangular reticulation of paucispicular fibers.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A8001077EBFF11FF14A67492A8FE1D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/272966/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.272966	FIGURE 15. Cladocroce guyanensis sp. nov., a, habitus of fragmented holotype RMNH Por. 9826 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of surface skeleton, c, SEM images of oxeas.	FIGURE 15. Cladocroce guyanensis sp. nov., a, habitus of fragmented holotype RMNH Por. 9826 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of surface skeleton, c, SEM images of oxeas.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A8001077EBFF11FF14A67492A8FE1D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/272967/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.272967	FIGURE 16. Haliclona (Gellius) sp. aff. flagellifera (Ridley & Dendy, 1886), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9783 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of surface skeleton of ditto, c – e, SEM images of spicules of RMH Por. 9921, c, oxea, d, flagellated sigma, e, sigma.	FIGURE 16. Haliclona (Gellius) sp. aff. flagellifera (Ridley & Dendy, 1886), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9783 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of surface skeleton of ditto, c – e, SEM images of spicules of RMH Por. 9921, c, oxea, d, flagellated sigma, e, sigma.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A8001077EBFF11FF14A67492A8FE1D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/272968/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.272968	FIGURE 17. Haliclona (Haliclona) epiphytica Zea & De Weerdt, 1999, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9970 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – c, light microsocpic images of skeleton, b, surface skeleton, c, cross section, d, SEM images of oxeas.	FIGURE 17. Haliclona (Haliclona) epiphytica Zea & De Weerdt, 1999, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9970 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – c, light microsocpic images of skeleton, b, surface skeleton, c, cross section, d, SEM images of oxeas.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A8001077EBFF11FF14A67492A8FE1D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/272969/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.272969	FIGURE 18. Haliclona (Haliclona) cf. implexiformis (Hechtel, 1965), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9989 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, of RMNH Por. 9835 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – b 1, light microscopic images of skeleton, b, b, surface skeleton, b 1, cross section, c, SEM images of oxeas.	FIGURE 18. Haliclona (Haliclona) cf. implexiformis (Hechtel, 1965), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9989 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, of RMNH Por. 9835 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – b 1, light microscopic images of skeleton, b, b, surface skeleton, b 1, cross section, c, SEM images of oxeas.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A8001077EBFF11FF14A67492A8FE1D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/272970/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.272970	FIGURE 19. Amphimedon nanaspiculata (Hartman, 1955), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9876 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, of RMNH Por. 9985 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – c, light microscopic images of skeleton, b, surface skeleton of RMNH Por. 9896, c, cross section of RMNH Por. 9985, d, SEM image of oxea.	FIGURE 19. Amphimedon nanaspiculata (Hartman, 1955), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9876 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, of RMNH Por. 9985 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – c, light microscopic images of skeleton, b, surface skeleton of RMNH Por. 9896, c, cross section of RMNH Por. 9985, d, SEM image of oxea.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A8001077EAFF13FF14A53893DCFC52.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/273070/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.273070	FIGURE 120. Suberites crispolobatus sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 9863 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, habitus of paratypes RMNH Por. 10548, a 2, habitus of two wedge-shaped paratypes RMNH Por. 9985 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – c, SEM images of the spicules, b, large tylostyle, b 1, details of b, c, small tylostyle, c 1, details of c.	FIGURE 120. Suberites crispolobatus sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 9863 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, habitus of paratypes RMNH Por. 10548, a 2, habitus of two wedge-shaped paratypes RMNH Por. 9985 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – c, SEM images of the spicules, b, large tylostyle, b 1, details of b, c, small tylostyle, c 1, details of c.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A8001077E8FF6CFF14A6589389F9CB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/273071/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.273071	FIGURE 121. Plakortis angulospiculatus (Carter, 1879), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9918 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – d, SEM figures of the spicules, b, larger diods, c, smaller diods, d, triod.	FIGURE 121. Plakortis angulospiculatus (Carter, 1879), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9918 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – d, SEM figures of the spicules, b, larger diods, c, smaller diods, d, triod.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A800107797FF6DFF14A5CF95FAFA5D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/273072/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.273072	FIGURE 122. Plakortis insularis Moraes & Muricy, 2003, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9652 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – c, SEM figures of the spicules, b, various sizes of diods, c, various sizes of triods.	FIGURE 122. Plakortis insularis Moraes & Muricy, 2003, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9652 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – c, SEM figures of the spicules, b, various sizes of diods, c, various sizes of triods.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A800107795FF6EFF14A3F394FAF8DF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/273073/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.273073	FIGURE 123. Hyalonema (Cyliconema) sp. aff. conqueror Tabachnick, Menshenina, Lopes & Hajdu, 2009, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9355 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – k, SEM images of the spicules, b, diactin of the body, b 1, details of b, c, smooth stylote monaxone, c 1, details of c, d, spined monaxone, d 1, details of d, e – f, hypodermal pentactins, g, hypodermal hexactin, h, dermal pinular pentactin, h 1, tangential rays of dermal pinular pentactin, i, macramphidisc, j, mesamphidisc, k, micramphidisc.	FIGURE 123. Hyalonema (Cyliconema) sp. aff. conqueror Tabachnick, Menshenina, Lopes & Hajdu, 2009, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9355 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – k, SEM images of the spicules, b, diactin of the body, b 1, details of b, c, smooth stylote monaxone, c 1, details of c, d, spined monaxone, d 1, details of d, e – f, hypodermal pentactins, g, hypodermal hexactin, h, dermal pinular pentactin, h 1, tangential rays of dermal pinular pentactin, i, macramphidisc, j, mesamphidisc, k, micramphidisc.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A800107793FF69FF14A2D9944DFD57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/273074/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.273074	FIGURE 124. Scleroplegma lanterna (Schmidt, 1879), a, habitus of deciduous specimen RMNH Por. 9718 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, dictyonal framework, c, lychnisc nodes, d, pentactin, e, hexactin.	FIGURE 124. Scleroplegma lanterna (Schmidt, 1879), a, habitus of deciduous specimen RMNH Por. 9718 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, dictyonal framework, c, lychnisc nodes, d, pentactin, e, hexactin.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A800107792FF6AFF14A7EA91F8FE87.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/273075/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.273075	FIGURE 125. Leucaltis clathria Haeckel, 1872, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9314 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – g, SEM images of the spicules, b, giant tetractine, c, giant triactines, d, large abruptly curved sagittal triactine, e, small abruptly curved sagittal triactine, including one reduced by loss of unpaired actine, e 1, abruptly curved sagittal tetractines, f, equiangular triactine, f 1, equiangular tetractine, g, trichoxea.	FIGURE 125. Leucaltis clathria Haeckel, 1872, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9314 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – g, SEM images of the spicules, b, giant tetractine, c, giant triactines, d, large abruptly curved sagittal triactine, e, small abruptly curved sagittal triactine, including one reduced by loss of unpaired actine, e 1, abruptly curved sagittal tetractines, f, equiangular triactine, f 1, equiangular tetractine, g, trichoxea.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A800107790FF64FF14A2D992ADFF62.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/273076/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.273076	FIGURE 126. Leucosolenia salpinx sp. nov., a – b, light microscopic images of two individual tubes together belonging to the holotype RMNH Por. 9743, c, light microscopic image of the tube wall showing tangential triactines and echinating diactines, d, apical aperture showing fringe of diactines.	FIGURE 126. Leucosolenia salpinx sp. nov., a – b, light microscopic images of two individual tubes together belonging to the holotype RMNH Por. 9743, c, light microscopic image of the tube wall showing tangential triactines and echinating diactines, d, apical aperture showing fringe of diactines.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A800107790FF64FF14A2D992ADFF62.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/273077/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.273077	FIGURE 127. Leucosolenia salpinx sp. nov., a – e, SEM images of the spicules of the holotype RMNH Por. 9743, a, sagittal triactine with very long unpaired actine of the tube walls, a 1, detail of a, b – b 1, triactines with variable unpaired actine length, c, – c 1, tetractines, c 2, detail of c, d, long diactine, d 1, faintly spined ending of d, e, short spined diactine, e 1, detail of e.	FIGURE 127. Leucosolenia salpinx sp. nov., a – e, SEM images of the spicules of the holotype RMNH Por. 9743, a, sagittal triactine with very long unpaired actine of the tube walls, a 1, detail of a, b – b 1, triactines with variable unpaired actine length, c, – c 1, tetractines, c 2, detail of c, d, long diactine, d 1, faintly spined ending of d, e, short spined diactine, e 1, detail of e.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A80010779FFF67FF14A68794D8FE4A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/273078/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.273078	FIGURE 128. Amphoriscus ancora sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 9741 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – d, SEM images of cross sections of the skeleton, b, overview of skeleton, c, cortical skeleton, d, inarticulate choanosomal skeleton.	FIGURE 128. Amphoriscus ancora sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 9741 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – d, SEM images of cross sections of the skeleton, b, overview of skeleton, c, cortical skeleton, d, inarticulate choanosomal skeleton.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A80010779FFF67FF14A68794D8FE4A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/273079/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.273079	FIGURE 129. Amphoriscus ancora sp. nov., a – e, SEM images of the spicules of holotype RMNH Por. 9741, a, large cortical tetractines, b, small atrial tetractines, c, triactines, d, anchoring triactines, d 1, detail of d, e, root diactine, e 1, details of e.	FIGURE 129. Amphoriscus ancora sp. nov., a – e, SEM images of the spicules of holotype RMNH Por. 9741, a, large cortical tetractines, b, small atrial tetractines, c, triactines, d, anchoring triactines, d 1, detail of d, e, root diactine, e 1, details of e.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A80010779BFF62FF14A3F394C1FB5F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/273080/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.273080	FIGURE 130. Grantia kempfi Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9941 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – d, SEM images of cross sections of the skeleton, b, overview, c, cortical skeleton, d, atrial skeleton.	FIGURE 130. Grantia kempfi Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9941 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – d, SEM images of cross sections of the skeleton, b, overview, c, cortical skeleton, d, atrial skeleton.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A80010779BFF62FF14A3F394C1FB5F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/273081/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.273081	FIGURE 131. Grantia kempfi Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976, a – i, SEM images of the spicules of RMNH Por. 9941, a, giant diactine, b, cortical triactines, c, tubar triactines, d, tubar tetractine, e, subtrial triactine, f, atrial triactine, g, atrial tetractine, h, fringe diactine, h 1, details of h, i, fringe triactine.	FIGURE 131. Grantia kempfi Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976, a – i, SEM images of the spicules of RMNH Por. 9941, a, giant diactine, b, cortical triactines, c, tubar triactines, d, tubar tetractine, e, subtrial triactine, f, atrial triactine, g, atrial tetractine, h, fringe diactine, h 1, details of h, i, fringe triactine.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
03A800107799FF7CFF14A6359273FD6A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/273082/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.273082	FIGURE 132. Leucandra aff. hentschelii Brøndsted, 1931, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9740 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – h, SEM images of the skeleton and the spicules, b, cortical skeleton, c, cortical triactine, d, subcortical giant triactine, e, subcortical tetractine, f, choanosomal triactines, g, atrial triactine, h, atrial tetractine.	FIGURE 132. Leucandra aff. hentschelii Brøndsted, 1931, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9740 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – h, SEM images of the skeleton and the spicules, b, cortical skeleton, c, cortical triactine, d, subcortical giant triactine, e, subcortical tetractine, f, choanosomal triactines, g, atrial triactine, h, atrial tetractine.	2017-12-31	Van, Rob W. M.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.			
