identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03A86948FFF9A067FD89F99583AB5C06.text	03A86948FFF9A067FD89F99583AB5C06.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Metaradiophrya lumbrici (Dujardin 1841)	<div><p>Metaradiophrya lumbrici (Dujardin, 1841)</p><p>Figs 2, 3, 4, 5</p><p>Description</p><p>The body size is about 105–230 × 55–130 µm, with an average of 170 × 100 µm. The shape is ovate to elliptical with an anterior body end rounded and posterior end broadly rounded to truncate. The cell is distinctly dorsoventrally flattened (Figs 2A, F, 3B, F–M, 4A–B, E–F). On the ventral side, about 10 µm away from the anterior body end, there is a conspicuous fibrillar hook composed of two unequally long arms. The longer arm is 25–35 µm long, flat and completely situated underneath the cell surface. The shorter arm is 8–13 µm long, usually appears slightly more robust at the base and projects from the cell in lateral view. A set of very distinct fibers is associated with the hook: on average 6 (5–7) fibers are attached to the upper right side of the longer arm, on average 33 (30–37) fibers to the ventral side of the longer arm and on average 11 (8–13) fibers to the left side of the shorter arm (Figs 2 A–C, 3A, 5).</p><p>The nuclear apparatus is composed of a macronucleus and a micronucleus. The macronucleus is rodlike with both ends rounded. It begins about 27 µm away from the anterior body margin and ends about 12 µm above the posterior body margin. Its length spans a range from approximately 85 to 200 µm and its width ranges from 8 to 18 µm, averaging at 13 µm. The macronuclear surface is smooth and without any irregularities, however, small vesicules appear in its vicinity in dying cells. The micronucleus is typically situated close to the mid-portion of the macronucleus. The shape of micronucleus is circular to elliptical and its diameter is approximately 7 µm. The central region of micronucleus appears homogenous and brighter than its margin in the differential interference optics and might represent a central nucleolus (Figs 2 F–G, 3B–M, 4A, C–D).</p><p>There are invariably two staggered rows of contractile vacuoles, extending right and left of the macronucleus. Their number ranges from 3 to 12 with an average of 6 vacuoles in the right row and from 3 to 11 with an average of 6 vacuoles in the left row (Figs 2A, F–G, 3B, F–M, 4B–D). The cytoplasm is colorless and contains innumerable granules being ca 0.4 µm across and rod-like bacteria being about 3–15 µm long (Figs 2G, 4 C–D). The cortex is rigid and without any specific granules (Fig. 5). Swims moderately fast by rotation about the main body axis.</p><p>Somatic ciliature is holotrichous and composed of very densely ciliated and narrowly spaced kineties. The ventral ciliature is interrupted by a subapical suture that extends from the right body margin over the fibrillar hook towards the left body margin. Somatic kineties above the suture run towards the anterior body end where they curve onto the dorsal body side to meridionally extend over its surface towards the posterior body end. Somatic kineties below the suture run meridionally over the ventral side towards the posterior body end (Figs 2 A–B, 3A, 4E–F, 5). The number of kineties on each body side ranges from 60 to 78. Lateral kineties form a right and a left subterminal suture in the posterior body region (Figs 2 D–E, 4E).</p><p>Occurrence</p><p>Metaradiophrya lumbrici was detected exclusively in a group of anecic earthworms, namely, in L. terrestris at three localities: in gardens in the Šúrska ulica street in Rendez and in the Jakubská ulica street in Rača as well as in floodplain soils in a riparian, willow-poplar forest near the Karlova Ves branch of the Danube River (Table 2). Ciliates were typically isolated from the middle part of the gastrointestinal tract, although very rarely one or two specimens were recorded also slightly above and below this gut region.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A86948FFF9A067FD89F99583AB5C06	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Obert, Tomáš;Vďačný, Peter	Obert, Tomáš, Vďačný, Peter (2019): Integrative taxonomy of five astome ciliates (Ciliophora, Astomatia) isolated from earthworms in Central Europe. European Journal of Taxonomy 559: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.559
03A86948FFF4A062FD82F9AF80165EED.text	03A86948FFF4A062FD82F9AF80165EED.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Metaradiophrya varians (de Puytorac 1954)	<div><p>Metaradiophrya varians (de Puytorac, 1954)</p><p>Figs 6, 7</p><p>Description</p><p>The body size is about 110–180 × 85–95 µm. The body shape is ovate to elliptical with an anterior body end rounded and posterior end broadly rounded to truncate. The cell is distinctly dorsoventrally flattened (Figs 6A, F–I, 7A, D). The fibrillar hook is localized about 10 µm away from the anterior body end. Its longer arm measures on average 30 µm, while its shorter arm only 11 µm. The hook appears slightly flatter than in the previous species and the thickened base of the shorter arm has been never observed. There are 5 or 6 fibers attached to the upper right side of the longer arm, on average 26 (22–29) fibers to the ventral side of the longer arm and 11 or 12 fibers to the left side of the shorter arm (Figs 6 A–C, 7B). The nuclear apparatus consists of a single macronucleus and a single micronucleus. The macronucleus commences on average 25 µm away from the anterior body end and terminates on average 11 µm away from the posterior body end. The size of macronucleus is about 80–140 × 10–15 µm. The macronucleus extends through cell’s midline. The micronucleus reaches a diameter of 6–8 µm and is situated close to the macronucleus about in its mid-portion (Figs 6 D–I, 7A, D).</p><p>There are two staggered rows of contractile vacuoles arranged along the right and left side of the macronucleus: 5–8 vacuoles in the right row and 6 or 7 vacuoles in the left row (Figs 6A, E–I, 7A, D). The cytoplasm is colorless and studded with granules about 0.5 µm across. The cortex is rigid and without granules (Fig. 7B). Swims moderately fast by rotation about the main body axis.</p><p>Somatic ciliature is holotrichous and composed of very densely ciliated and narrowly spaced kineties. The ventral ciliature is interrupted by a subapical suture extending from the right body margin over the fibrillar hook to the left body margin. Somatic kineties above the suture run towards the anterior body end where they curve onto the dorsal body side to meridionally extend over its surface towards the posterior body end. Somatic kineties below the suture run meridionally over the ventral side towards the posterior body end (Figs 6 A–B, 7B–C). The number of ventral kineties ranges from 50 to 64 on the ventral side and from 53 to 64 on the dorsal side. There is a subterminal suture on the left and the right side of the body.</p><p>Occurrence</p><p>Metaradiophrya varians was solely recorded in the epigeic E. fetida at two comparatively distant localities, i.e., in compost heaps in the Jakubská ulica street in Rača and in the Botanical Garden of Comenius University (Fig. 1; Table 2). Metaradiophrya varians inhabited only the middle part of the gastrointestinal tract and there were usually ten exemplars per earthworm. Our data on occurrence of M. varians and M. lumbrici indicate that both species are specialized on different ecological groups of host oligochaetes. The ecologically different L. terrestris and E. fetida never contained the same species of Metaradiophrya, even when they originated from closely situated localities or when they were cocultivated in the laboratory.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A86948FFF4A062FD82F9AF80165EED	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Obert, Tomáš;Vďačný, Peter	Obert, Tomáš, Vďačný, Peter (2019): Integrative taxonomy of five astome ciliates (Ciliophora, Astomatia) isolated from earthworms in Central Europe. European Journal of Taxonomy 559: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.559
03A86948FFF1A07DFDA3FA55813259B6.text	03A86948FFF1A07DFDA3FA55813259B6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anoplophrya lumbrici (Schrank 1803)	<div><p>Anoplophrya lumbrici (Schrank, 1803)</p><p>Figs 8, 9</p><p>Description</p><p>The body size is about 50–120 × 35–100 µm, with an average of 90 × 60 µm. The shape is broadly elliptical to elliptical with both ends rounded. The cell is distinctly dorsoventrally flattened (Figs 8A, E–I, 9A–B, D).</p><p>The nuclear apparatus consists of a single macronucleus and a single micronucleus. The macronucleus begins about 11 µm away from the anterior body end and extends through the cell’s midline. The size of macronucleus varies from about 30–95 × 5–15 µm, with an average of 72 × 9 µm. The macronuclear surface is smooth to slightly irregular. In dying cells, the macronucleus diminishes in size leaving behind a conspicuous hyaline envelope. The macronucleus sometimes also fragments within the envelope in postmortem cells. The micronucleus is situated conspicuously far away from the macronucleus, namely, near the middle of the left body margin and always opposite to the row of contractile vacuoles. The micronucleus is globular and approximately 5 µm in diameter (Figs 8A, D–I, 9A–D).</p><p>There is only a single row of contractile vacuoles extending along the right cell margin. The number of vacuoles is three or four and their size ranges from 4 to 11 µm in diastole. A contractile vacuole originates by fusion of three to five vesicules (Figs 8A, E–F, H–I, 9A–B, D). The cytoplasm is colorless and contains innumerable granules being about 1.5 µm across. The cortex is semi-rigid and without specific granules. Swims moderately fast by rotation about the main body axis.</p><p>The somatic ciliature is holotrichous and composed of meridionally extending kineties over both cell sides. The number of ventral kineties varies from 30 to 50, averaging at 42. The number of dorsal kineties almost matches the number on the ventral side (30–51, on average 43). Somatic kineties are composed of very densely arranged basal bodies, i.e., intrakinetal distance is only 1.3 µm (Figs 8A, 9B). There is an apical and a terminal suture at the anterior and the posterior pole where individual somatic kineties begin and terminate, respectively (Figs 8 B–C, 9E).</p><p>Occurrence</p><p>Anoplophrya lumbrici was recorded only in the anecic L. terrestris at three localities: gardens at the Šúrska ulica street in Rendez and at the Jakubská ulica street in Rača as well as in floodplain soils in a riparian, willow-poplar forest near the Karlova Ves branch of the Danube River (Table 2). Ciliates were typically isolated from the middle part of the gastrointestinal tract, although very rarely some specimens were recorded also below this gut region.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A86948FFF1A07DFDA3FA55813259B6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Obert, Tomáš;Vďačný, Peter	Obert, Tomáš, Vďačný, Peter (2019): Integrative taxonomy of five astome ciliates (Ciliophora, Astomatia) isolated from earthworms in Central Europe. European Journal of Taxonomy 559: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.559
03A86948FFEEA07EFDBAFC3F86BE5815.text	03A86948FFEEA07EFDBAFC3F86BE5815.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anoplophrya vulgaris de Puytorac 1954	<div><p>Anoplophrya vulgaris de Puytorac, 1954</p><p>Figs 10, 11 A–C</p><p>Description</p><p>The body size is about 100–145 × 60–80 µm. The body shape is broadly elliptical to elliptical with both ends rounded. The cell is distinctly dorsoventrally flattened (Figs 10A, D–F, 11A–B).</p><p>The nuclear apparatus is composed of a single macronucleus and a single micronucleus.The macronucleus begins about 6 µm away from the anterior body end extends through the cell’s midline into the posterior body region. The length of macronucleus varies from 80 to 110 µm and its width ranges from 9 to 18 µm. The macronuclear surface is smooth. The macronucleus diminishes in size leaving behind a conspicuous hyaline envelope in dying cells. The micronucleus is situated conspicuously far away from the macronucleus, namely, near the middle of the left body margin and opposite to the row of contractile vacuoles. The micronucleus is globular and approximately 4 µm in diameter (Figs 10A, D–F, 11A–B).</p><p>There is a single row of contractile vacuoles arranged along the right cell margin. It is composed of three or four vacuoles being 5–9 µm across during diastole (Figs 10A, D–F, 11A–B). The cytoplasm is colorless and studded with granules measuring approximately 0.5–1.0 µm in diameter. The cortex is semi-rigid and without specific granules. Swims moderately fast by rotation about the main body axis.</p><p>Somatic ciliature is holotrichous and composed of kineties meridionally extending over both cell sides. There are on average 34 (24–45) kineties on each body side. Individual kineties are very narrowly arranged and the interkinetal distance ranges from about 0.6 to 2.0 µm. Likewise, basal bodies are very narrowly spaced within kineties and the intrakinetal distance is ca 1 µm. There is an apical and a terminal suture at each cell pole where individual somatic kineties commence and terminate, respectively (Figs 10 A–C, 11B–C).</p><p>Occurrence</p><p>Anoplophrya vulgaris was recorded in two species of epigeic earthworms, viz., in E. fetida and D. veneta . Ciliate 18S rRNA gene sequences originated from both hosts were identical. Host earthworms came from a compost heap in the Botanical Garden of Comenius University and at the Jakubská ulica street in Rača as well as from humous soil with a high content of decomposing plant material from a garden at the foothill of the Malé Karpaty Mts. (Table 2). Endosymbiotic ciliates typically occurred in the middle part of the gastrointestinal tract. There were usually 10 to 15 endosymbionts per host.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A86948FFEEA07EFDBAFC3F86BE5815	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Obert, Tomáš;Vďačný, Peter	Obert, Tomáš, Vďačný, Peter (2019): Integrative taxonomy of five astome ciliates (Ciliophora, Astomatia) isolated from earthworms in Central Europe. European Journal of Taxonomy 559: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.559
03A86948FFEDA078FD8AFDA081C65850.text	03A86948FFEDA078FD8AFDA081C65850.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anoplophrya nodulata (Dujardin 1841)	<div><p>Anoplophrya cf. nodulata (Dujardin, 1841)</p><p>Figs 11 D–E, 12</p><p>Description</p><p>Only five specimens were found, three were morphologically examined and two were used for molecular analyses. Therefore, the description is rather incomplete. The body size is about 100 × 50 µm. The shape is ovate to broadly fusiform with both ends rounded. The cell is distinctly dorsoventrally flattened (Figs 11 D–E, 12).</p><p>The macronucleus begins about 10 µm away from the anterior body end and extends through the cell’s midline. Its size is usually 75 × 13 µm. The macronuclear surface was slightly irregular. The macronucleus displays similar postmortem changes as in the two previous Anoplophrya species, i.e., it slightly diminishes in size leaving behind a hyaline envelope. The micronucleus was not observed (Figs 11 D–E, 12).</p><p>There are two staggered rows of contractile vacuoles extending along the right and left side of the macronucleus: 3–6 vacuoles in the right row and 3–5 vacuoles in the left row. The average size of vacuoles ranged from 5–7 µm during diastole (Figs 11 D–E, 12). The cytoplasm is colorless and filled with granules being approximately 1 µm in diameter. The cortex is semi-rigid and without specific granules. Swims moderately fast by rotation about the main body axis.</p><p>Somatic ciliature is holotrichous and composed of densely ciliated meridional kineties. Due to the low number of ciliates, their number on the ventral and dorsal side could not be determined.</p><p>Occurrence</p><p>Anoplophrya nodulata was detected only in two out of five specimens of Octolasion tyrtaeum investigated. This endogeic earthworm originated from the upper 50 cm peat layer in the riparian zone of the Rašelinisko Pond in the vicinity of the Pusté Úľany Village in the Galanta District (Table 2). Endosymbiotic ciliates were found only in the central part of the oligochaete gastrointestinal tract. No other ciliates were recorded in the digestive system of O. tyrtaeum .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A86948FFEDA078FD8AFDA081C65850	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Obert, Tomáš;Vďačný, Peter	Obert, Tomáš, Vďačný, Peter (2019): Integrative taxonomy of five astome ciliates (Ciliophora, Astomatia) isolated from earthworms in Central Europe. European Journal of Taxonomy 559: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.559
