identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03A987A17B45AF6566C44212FB05DEA9.text	03A987A17B45AF6566C44212FB05DEA9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aschemonella Gooday 2017	<div><p>Aschemonella monilis Gooday &amp; Holzmann, 2017</p><p>Fig. 2; Supplementary Figs S1</p><p>Aschemonella monila Gooday and Holzmann in Gooday et al., 2017b, Figs 2A–E, 3A–F; Supplementary Fig. S1, Figs 1–8. Aschemonella monilis Gooday and Holzmann. Gooday et al., 2020a, p. 4 -6, figs 2-3.</p><p>Material examined. BC001 RC0056: morphology and genetics (isolates 21438, 21439). BC010 RC049B: morphology and genetics (isolate 21431). BC025 RC1042: morphology only. BC026 RC1056: morphology and genetics (isolate 21108). BC031 RC1345: morphology only. BC040 RC1689: morphology and genetics (isolate 21435). BC040 RC1731: morphology only. BC045 RC1900.1: morphology and genetics (isolate 21444). Sequenced isolates: 21108, 21431, 21435, 21444 (Table 2).</p><p>Description and remarks. Aschemonella monilis is by far the most abundant xenophyophore species in our collection. It is represented by around 34 complete and fragmentary specimens (Table 2), although not all of these were examined in detail. They conform closely to the original description (Gooday et al., 2017b). Nineteen specimens were found attached to nodules, of which three encrusted the host nodule for their entire length and the others extended upwards from the surface to a greater or lesser extent. The remaining 15 were unattached, at least when found. The majority of specimens are dark grey with either a smooth, relatively fine-grained wall or a rougher, more coarsely grained wall. Some of the latter type resemble the ‘delicate’ form distinguished by Gooday et al. (2017b) (Supplementary Fig. S1A, B). Other specimens are paler, dull orange to yellowish in overall colour but speckled with a variable density of dark grains (Fig. 2C, D, F; Supplementary Fig. S1D). These lighter coloured tests have generally smoother surfaces than the darker ones. Most sequenced specimens were of the paler, smooth-walled type, but they grouped together with one having a darker, rougher wall (Fig. 2A). This is consistent with the earlier genetic data (Gooday et al., 2017), and indicates that they represent the same species.</p><p>Apertural structures were observed in two specimens from BC045 (RC1900.1 &amp; 2). One has a smooth, blisterlike dome, measuring 1.42 × 1.00 mm, located near the junction between several chambers (Fig. 2D, E). It gives rise to two tubular extensions, one 0.83 mm long and of fairly even width (~ 0.17 mm), the other 1.06 mm long and of variable width (0.26 to 0.45 mm). The other structure is located on the final chamber and comprises a swelling ~ 1.20 mm long that is associated with two tubes (Fig. 2F, G). The longer tube is 3.5 mm in length and again of fairly even width (0.21 to 0.26 mm), the shorter is ~ 0.85 mm in length and 0.36 to 0.53 mm wide. The longer tube is relatively smooth, but the shorter tube has a lumpy, very uneven surface and the associated swelling has a similarly irregular shape. Several short, pustule-like tubes ~ 0.18 mm long and of similar width, are present elsewhere on the final chamber of this specimen. Similar apertural features (swellings, long tubes and clusters of short, pustule-like tubes) were described by Gooday et al. (2017b, Figs 3, 4 therein).</p><p>Aschemonella monilis is widely distributed across an area spanning some 3,800 km, being common in samples from the UK-1 license area (adjacent to the OMS area), as well as present in the Russian area in the central CCZ and APEI 4, a protected area in the western CCZ (Gooday et al., 2017a,b, 2020a). In the latter case, the three recorded specimens were morphologically atypical but genetically identical to those from the eastern CCZ. Aschemonella monilis is also the dominant faunal component in seafloor photographs from the southwestern part of APEI 6 (now APEI 3), located in the northeastern CCZ (Gooday et al., 2017b; Simon-Lledó et al., 2019).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A987A17B45AF6566C44212FB05DEA9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Holzmann, Maria;Barrenechea-Angeles, Inés;Lim, Swee-Cheng;Pawlowski, Jan	Holzmann, Maria, Barrenechea-Angeles, Inés, Lim, Swee-Cheng, Pawlowski, Jan (2024): New xenophyophores (Foraminifera, Monothalamea) from the eastern Clarion-Clipperton Zone (equatorial Pacific). Zootaxa 5419 (2): 151-188, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5419.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5419.2.1
03A987A17B44AF6A66C44747FEE7D985.text	03A987A17B44AF6A66C44747FEE7D985.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aschemonella tani Gooday & Holzmann 2024	<div><p>Aschemonella tani Gooday &amp; Holzmann sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 3, 4</p><p>Diagnosis. Species of Aschemonella with attached test forming tubular branching structures that grow free from solid substrate. Branches are relatively wide compared to their length and in places display vague segmentation. Upstanding parts extend into basal system of flat, branching tubes that encrust parts of the substrate surface. Stercomare forms irregular, sometimes discontinuous masses, but more elongated, continuous masses run along branches. Granellare forms pale yellowish, branching strands, typically 21–36 µm wide.</p><p>Etymology. The new species is named for Dr Koh Siang Tan, Head of the Marine Biology and Ecology Laboratory at the Tropical Marine Science Institute, Singapore, who has led research by Singapore scientists in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone.</p><p>Type specimen and locality. The holotype ( Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum, Singapore, reg. no. ZR C. FOR.0002, preserved in 10% formalin) was collected in box core BC036 (specimen RC1555); OMS license area, 12° 26' 45.5"N, 117° 49' 41.1"W; 4196 m water depth. A fragment was used for genetics (sequenced isolate: 21430). There were no other specimens .</p><p>Description. Shipboard photographs. The main part of the test (labelled ‘1’ in Fig. 3A) stands erect at the summit of a roughly conical nodule. Its overall height is around 3.9 mm. There is a short stalk, ~ 1.45 mm long and 0.9–1.1 mm wide, that gives rise to three branches, also short and relatively wide (length 1.5–1.7 mm; width 0.60– 1.0 mm). At its top, the test bifurcates into two further branches, the longer one 1.7 mm in length and 0.63–0.77 mm wide. The structure is rusty brown in overall colour. The base of the stalk continues as an encrusting structure that spreads across part of the nodule summit. The base also gives rise to two short branches that project from the nodule surface near the summit; one is ~ 1.20 mm long and the other at least of similar length. The summit region of the nodule hosts at least two other projecting structures (labelled ‘2’ and ‘3’ in Fig. 3A) with a weakly segmented appearance.</p><p>Preserved fragments. Parts 1, 2 and 3 in Fig. 3A are all recognisable among the preserved fragments. They are identical in general appearance and wall structure, suggesting that they are parts of the same organism. The wall is pale, brownish yellow, and about 40 µm thick. It is composed largely of small mineral grains (less than about 25 µm in size), mainly resembling quartz but with a scattering of blackish and reddish grains, and with sponge spicule fragments making a subordinate but important contribution. A few tests of agglutinated foraminifera are also incorporated into the wall.</p><p>The stercomare can be seen dimly through the test wall when illuminated with transmitted light. In the central parts of the fragments (Fig. 4A), it forms irregularly shaped, apparently disconnected masses up to ~800 µm in maximum extent but usually less. More elongated, continuous masses occupy the branches of the part 1 fragment (Fig. 3B). Part 3 appears to have more strongly developed stercomare since the interior is filled with dark material when viewed through the test wall. The granellare forms pale yellowish, branching strands, typically 21–36 µm wide but swelling in places to 50–65 µm (Fig. 4D).</p><p>The test, including the lower encrusting part, is to some extent obscured by another agglutinated structure. This is basically tubular, branches and is to some extent reticulated. The width is variable (0.40–0.80 mm) and there are several inflated segments. It is most likely another monothalamid species. In preserved fragments as well as in shipboard photographs (Fig. 3A–D), the branches have a lighter greyish colour compared to the Aschemonella that they partly overgrow.</p><p>Molecular characterisation. Aschemonella tani branches at the base of Aschemonella sp. 3 with A. aspera forming a sister group to these two species (Fig. 1). The grouping is not supported by the BV. The sequenced fragment of 18S gene of A. tani contains 1028 nucleotides and the GC content is 34 %.</p><p>Remarks. The branching, basically tubular test, and the fairly large, irregularly shaped stercomare masses of Aschemonella tani, distinguish it from A. monilis, in which the test is clearly segmented and the stercomare masses resemble pellets. It is much more similar to Aschemonella aspera, another species from the CCZ that also has an approximately tubular test growing upwards from the substrate to which it is attached. However, the test is more strongly branched in the new species and has a brownish yellow wall composed of small mineral grains with a smooth outer surface, unlike that of A. aspera, in which the wall is dark grey and much more coarsely agglutinated with a rough surface composed of micronodules and mineral grains. The most similar described species is A. ramuliformis . This also forms branching tubes, but they are more elongate and regular than those of the new species (Brady, 1884; Gooday et al., 2011). There are no records of A. ramuliformis being attached to a hard substrate.</p><p>These three species (A. aspera, A. monilis, A. ramuliformis) are genetically distinct from A. tani (Fig. 1). Based on molecular data, the new species is most closely related to Aschemonella sp. 3 of Gooday et al. (2017a), also from the CCZ. The test of this undescribed species forms an irregular system of reticulated tubes that are sometimes vaguely segmented and either attached to a nodule surface or grow free. The lower encrusting part of our A. tani specimen, which comprised tubular structures spreading across the nodule surface, is rather similar to the attached parts of Aschemonella sp. 3 . However, the upper, free-standing part of the test does not form the same kind of reticulated structure.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A987A17B44AF6A66C44747FEE7D985	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Holzmann, Maria;Barrenechea-Angeles, Inés;Lim, Swee-Cheng;Pawlowski, Jan	Holzmann, Maria, Barrenechea-Angeles, Inés, Lim, Swee-Cheng, Pawlowski, Jan (2024): New xenophyophores (Foraminifera, Monothalamea) from the eastern Clarion-Clipperton Zone (equatorial Pacific). Zootaxa 5419 (2): 151-188, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5419.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5419.2.1
03A987A17B49AF6966C4453DFCB4DE05.text	03A987A17B49AF6966C4453DFCB4DE05.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aschemonella undetermined Brady 1879	<div><p>Aschemonella? sp.</p><p>Supplementary Fig. S2</p><p>Material examined. BC040 RC1698 (morphology).</p><p>Description. The two illustrated fragments are around 7 and 19 mm in maximum dimension. The larger (Supplementary Fig. S2B) forms an irregular mass that is perforated by several open spaces, up to 2.20 mm across, so that parts of it appear broadly reticulated. The smaller (Supplementary Fig. S2A) has a single round open space, 1.24 mm in diameter, that is surrounded by broad bars, between 1.40 and 2.00 mm wide.</p><p>Both fragments are pale yellowish brown, with a smooth, generally finely agglutinated outer surface. However, the wall also incorporates relatively large, black grains, probably fragments of micronodules, that are concentrated in certain areas. This is most clear in the smaller fragment, where the dark grains occur mainly in bands across the bars, in one case being largely restricted to a distinct zone where the largest grain is 230 µm in size. The test wall is very delicate and no more than about 30-40 µm thick. There are no internal xenophyae and the test interior is filled with dark grey decayed stercomare.There is no sign of granellare.</p><p>Remarks. The thin, delicate wall composed of mineral grains and the absence of internal xenophyae suggest a placement for these distinctive fragments in Aschemonella .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A987A17B49AF6966C4453DFCB4DE05	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Holzmann, Maria;Barrenechea-Angeles, Inés;Lim, Swee-Cheng;Pawlowski, Jan	Holzmann, Maria, Barrenechea-Angeles, Inés, Lim, Swee-Cheng, Pawlowski, Jan (2024): New xenophyophores (Foraminifera, Monothalamea) from the eastern Clarion-Clipperton Zone (equatorial Pacific). Zootaxa 5419 (2): 151-188, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5419.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5419.2.1
03A987A17B48AF6F66C440E8FC9DDD01.text	03A987A17B48AF6F66C440E8FC9DDD01.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Abyssalia foliformis Gooday and Holzmann 2020	<div><p>Abyssalia foliformis Gooday and Holzmann 2020</p><p>Fig. 5</p><p>Abyssalia foliformis Gooday and Holzmann 2020, pp. 15-18, Figs 9, 10</p><p>Material examined. BC015 RC0612 (morphology and genetics). Sequenced isolate: 21442</p><p>Description. Shipboard photographs show a test fragment attached to a nodule (Fig. 5A). The fragment was detached when seen later in the laboratory (Fig. 5B). It is plate-like, about 21 mm long and 2.0– 2.6 mm thick with a slight twist and widening from about 7.0 mm near the base to about 13 mm at its upper end. The agglutinated particles consist almost entirely of sponge spicules, apart from one or two agglutinated foraminifera. A felted mesh of these spicules forms a poorly defined surface layer from which some of them project. This layer merges into a more open framework of spicules occupying the test interior.</p><p>The stercomare, which comprises small, rounded pellet-like masses (Fig. 5F), originally occupied much of the test interior. However, they are quite loose, and many had fallen out from the central part of the fragment following preservation. In peripheral areas, however, the stercomare is denser and has largely retained its coherence (Fig. 5B), Here, it appears to consist of tightly packed pellets that are presumably bound together in some way.</p><p>Branched granellare strands are well-developed and pervade much of the test interior (Fig. 5C, D). They are pale cream and of variable width (34–140 µm), often with more or less bulbous sections. The organic tubes that enclose the cytoplasmic branches are relatively thick and clearly visible under a stereomicroscope, given suitable lighting. The tubes are closely associated with the internal spicules, to which they are attached at multiple points (Fig. 5E).</p><p>Remarks. The holotype and hitherto unique specimen of Abyssalia foliformis from the western CCZ (Gooday et al., 2020) was attached to a nodule by a stalk that merged gradually with the wider upper part of the test. Our new specimen includes only the stalk, but the shape is consistent with the morphology of the holotype. Other features, notably the use of spicules in test construction, the pellet-like stercomare and the granellare strands with their well-developed organic tubes attachment to spicules, are very similar to those described for A. foliformis . We are therefore confident that this fragment represents the same species as that described by Gooday et al. (2020). The only apparent difference is that the holotype has a homogenous test that lacks a surface layer, whereas there is some differentiation between the outer and inner parts of our fragment. This is possibly because the original description was based mainly on the upper part of the test whereas we have only the basal stalk.</p><p>Gooday and Wawrzyniak-Wydrowska (2023; Fig. 6F, G therein) recently illustrated a xenophyophore fragment from the IOM license area that may have been derived from an Abyssalia species. Unfortunately, granellare from which DNA could potentially be amplified was not present, and not enough of the morphology was preserved to determine whether it could be assigned to A. foliformis .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A987A17B48AF6F66C440E8FC9DDD01	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Holzmann, Maria;Barrenechea-Angeles, Inés;Lim, Swee-Cheng;Pawlowski, Jan	Holzmann, Maria, Barrenechea-Angeles, Inés, Lim, Swee-Cheng, Pawlowski, Jan (2024): New xenophyophores (Foraminifera, Monothalamea) from the eastern Clarion-Clipperton Zone (equatorial Pacific). Zootaxa 5419 (2): 151-188, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5419.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5419.2.1
03A987A17B4FAF6D66C444B1FEC0DF03.text	03A987A17B4FAF6D66C444B1FEC0DF03.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Abyssalia foliformis Gooday & Holzmann 2020	<div><p>Abyssalia aff. foliformis</p><p>Figs 6, 7</p><p>Material examined. BC011 RC0520 (morphology and genetics). Sequenced isolate: 21429.</p><p>Description. Shipboard photographs. Most of our morphological information about the single specimen comes from photographs taken soon after its collection (Fig. 6). These show a complex branching, plate-like test attached to a nodule by a short, relatively wide basal stalk, about 4.3 mm wide and 4.0 mm high. The entire test is estimated to be roughly 22 mm high with a maximum horizontal span of about 58 mm. The stalk widens rapidly into a central plate-like part that gives rise to a series of elongate lobes of different sizes, radiating in different directions and in some cases appearing slightly twisted. The most prominent of these is roughly 13 mm long and widens from about 5.8 mm near the base to about 11 mm at the end. Others are shorter and do not widen to the same extent. One lobe, which can be measured accurately because there is a corresponding scale, is 11 mm long, 5.3 mm wide near the base and 8.1 mm wide near the end (Fig. 6D).</p><p>The overall colour of the test in these photographs is greyish brown, with a paler rim that is most obvious around the ends of the lobes. The yellow agglutinated tube of a foraminifera, probably Saccorhiza ramosa, winds around the stem and extends along the underside of one of the lobes.</p><p>Preserved fragment. One small lobe was available for more detailed study (Fig. 7). It measures ~ 6.5 cm long, a maximum of ~ 4 cm wide, and about 1.60 to 1.75 mm thick. There is a clearly defined test wall, about 220 to 245 µm thick, composed mainly of short, sponge spicule fragments and tiny transparent mineral grains (~10–50 µm in size), as well as occasional radiolarian shells. A few agglutinated foraminiferal shells are also incorporated. The spicules form a three-dimensional mesh that creates a very distinctive, somewhat labyrinthic appearance. There are few if any internal xenophyae and the test interior is largely occupied by dense stercomare. Narrow, pale cream granellare strands are exposed on the broken end of the fragment (Fig. 7D). They are generally 20–40 µm wide but sometimes wider at branching points. A few larger masses (up to ~60 µm) are also visible.</p><p>Molecular characterisation. Abyssalia aff. foliformis branches at the base of A. foliformis (90%BV) and both taxa build a well sustained (89%BV) group with A. sphaerica . The sequenced fragment of the 18S gene of Abyssalia aff. foliformis contains 1018 nucleotides and the GC content is 37%.</p><p>Remarks. This species is closely related genetically to Abyssalia foliformis, but morphologically distinct. The test is a branching structure that is considerably more complex than the leaf-like test of the type specimen of A. foliformis (Gooday et al., 2020) . The test wall of both species is composed almost entirely of sponge spicules, but the spicule framework of A. aff. foliformis is much more intricate that the relatively simple felted wall of A. foliformis .</p><p>Abyssalia aff. foliformis is very likely the same as Galatheammina sp. 7 of Gooday et al. (2017a, Supplementary Fig. S3A), a small, semi-circular plate, less than 1 cm in width and height, that was attached to a nodule in the UK-1 area. It was much smaller and simpler than our specimen, presumably a young individual, and lacked a basal stalk. Both share the same very distinctive wall structure comprising an intricate framework of spicule fragments and mineral gains, but since sequences were not obtained from Galatheammina sp. 7, we cannot confirm that it represent the same species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A987A17B4FAF6D66C444B1FEC0DF03	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Holzmann, Maria;Barrenechea-Angeles, Inés;Lim, Swee-Cheng;Pawlowski, Jan	Holzmann, Maria, Barrenechea-Angeles, Inés, Lim, Swee-Cheng, Pawlowski, Jan (2024): New xenophyophores (Foraminifera, Monothalamea) from the eastern Clarion-Clipperton Zone (equatorial Pacific). Zootaxa 5419 (2): 151-188, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5419.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5419.2.1
03A987A17B4DAF6C66C446B9FE36D889.text	03A987A17B4DAF6C66C446B9FE36D889.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Claraclippia Gooday & Holzmann 2024	<div><p>Claraclippia Gooday &amp; Holzmann gen. nov.</p><p>Diagnosis. Body partly attached, delicate, somewhat flexible. Distinct test absent although dusting of fine, loosely attached surficial particles present when freshly collected. Instead, body is composed largely of closely packed, branching stercomare branches (typically 100–150 µm diameter) that tend to fuse into more continuous sheets. Overall morphology complex but basically plate-like. A large irregular, three-dimensional structure with no obvious centre of organisation is formed by plate-like elements perforated by occasional small open spaces; in places, plates merge into bar-like elements that define larger open spaces.</p><p>Etymology. The name reflects the occurrence of the new genus in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone.</p><p>Remarks. The more or less naked body of Claraclippia is reminiscent of the genus Cerelasma, in which an agglutinated test is weakly developed or virtually absent (Tendal, 1972). The main difference between the new genus and the three species included by Tendal (1972, 1996) in Cerelasma (the genotype C. gyrosphaera, C. lamellosa, and C. massa) is that the test is larger with a basically plate-like structure compared to its relatively simple, ‘lumpy’, rounded shape in Cerelasma . The stercomare branches are also considerably narrower and much more numerous and densely packed in the new genus. A fourth species, Cerelasma implicata, recently described from the Russian license area in the central CCZ (Kamenskaya et al., 2017), is constructed from narrow, densely packed stercomare branches and granellare strands and therefore shows a greater morphological resemblance to Claraclippia . However, sequences have not been obtained from this or any other Ceralasma species and so their relationships, if any, to Claraclippia are unclear.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A987A17B4DAF6C66C446B9FE36D889	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Holzmann, Maria;Barrenechea-Angeles, Inés;Lim, Swee-Cheng;Pawlowski, Jan	Holzmann, Maria, Barrenechea-Angeles, Inés, Lim, Swee-Cheng, Pawlowski, Jan (2024): New xenophyophores (Foraminifera, Monothalamea) from the eastern Clarion-Clipperton Zone (equatorial Pacific). Zootaxa 5419 (2): 151-188, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5419.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5419.2.1
03A987A17B4CAF7166C44240FC31DF9D.text	03A987A17B4CAF7166C44240FC31DF9D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Claraclippia seminuda Gooday & Holzmann	<div><p>Claraclippia seminuda Gooday &amp; Holzmann gen. &amp; sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 8, 9</p><p>Diagnosis. As for genus.</p><p>Etymology. The name reflects the appearance of the type specimen, which, when freshly collected, was covered with a thin layer of fine sediment that was not retained when the specimen was preserved.</p><p>Type specimen and locality. The holotype ( Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum, Singapore, reg. no. ZR C. FOR.0001, preserved in 10% formalin) was collected in box core BC005 (specimen RC0202); OMS license area, 14° 06' 38.2"N, 117° 13' 54.2"W; 4200 m water depth. A fragment was used for genetics (sequenced isolates: 21436, 21437). There were no other specimens .</p><p>Description. Shipboard photographs. Photographs of the specimen as first seen on the box core surface shows it spread across several nodules with part of the base attached to at least one nodule (Fig. 8A, B). The photograph gives the impression that the body was somewhat flexible and had collapsed from a more upright position when the overlying water was drained from the box core. The test formed a complex but basically, plate-like structure, brownish grey in colour, that included several lobes, the main part being strongly curved.</p><p>When photographed in the shipboard laboratory after removal from the box core, the specimen appeared somewhat damaged with several obvious breaks, an indication of its fragility (Fig. 8C–F). It measured about 8 cm in overall maximum dimension. The largest part, which had broken into two main pieces, formed a folded, undulating plate, 6.4 cm in maximum dimension. The outer margin, which seemed largely intact, was curved with a broad concave section and two short tapering outgrowths, the larger being about 5 mm long and 3 mm wide at the base. Very vague, concentric zonation patterns were visible under low-angle lighting (Fig. 8C). These had different orientations, suggesting that there were several directions of growth. The plate was also perforated by a number of small open spaces, 0.5–1.2 mm in maximum dimension, some of them arranged in a rough arc (Fig. 8C–F). The other main body part visible in these photographs was more complicated. Although basically plate-like, it curved around to form what appears to be a funnel-like structure and was perforated by several relatively large open spaces, 1.4 –4.9 mm maximum dimension (Fig. 8F).</p><p>The photographs (Fig. 8) show that the test surface was originally covered with a veneer of fine-grained material. In some patches this appeared to be absent, exposing the tightly packed strands of the stercomare system. Under low-angled lighting, the strands created a hair-like surface pattern, even where the fine-grained veneer was present. The margin of the structure was often fairly even, but in places, possibly where damage has occurred, it has a frayed appearance with a fringe of exposed stercomare branches.</p><p>Preserved fragments. There are two main fragments that probably correspond to the two parts recognisable in shipboard photographs. Both are dark grey and somewhat flexible but very delicate. The larger fragment (Fig. 9C–E) measures between 4.7 to 5.5 cm maximum dimension and 2.6 to 4.1 cm minimum dimension, depending on the viewing angle. The structure has no obvious regularity or centre of organisation. It forms a complex and irregular three-dimensional system comprising plates, in places interrupted by open spaces or merging into bars that define open spaces (Fig. 9C, E). These spaces are of highly variable size, ranging from ~ 0.5 mm or less to 6.6 mm in the case of the largest one that is easily visible. The second fragment (Fig. 9F) is a much simpler undulating plate, 4.8 cm long, a maximum of 2.8 cm wide, and around 1.0 to 1.2 mm thick. The plate is interrupted by a few small open spaces (up to 1.1 mm maximum dimension), most of which are concentrated in one area.</p><p>The preserved fragments are composed largely of naked stercomare, mainly in the form of closely packed strands that are most distinct around the edges where they project slightly to form a dense fringe (Fig. 9A, B). Here, they are 75 to 150 µm, typically 90–120 µm, wide and branch but rarely anastomose.At least some of these sections probably represent the original margin of the test, although others appear damaged. Away from the edge, the strands lose their identity to varying extents. In places, they are still quite distinct. Elsewhere they become more tightly meshed and reticulated, with only chinks of space between them, and up to 200 µm wide. Sometimes they merge to form a more continuous sheet perforated by small open spaces.</p><p>When examined in Geneva after transport from Singapore the fragments retained some patches of the pale, fine-grained surface veneer that was seen in the shipboard photographs (Fig. 9A, B). Usually, this was found filling spaces between the stercomare branches. By the time they reached Southampton, no obvious trace of the fine-grained material remained (Fig. 9C–F). However, careful examination revealed a scattering of tiny mineral particles across the surface of the stercomare. Some of these grains stand out because they are white or because they glint in the light.</p><p>The granellare strands are clearly visible only around parts of the margin, where they are closely associated with the stercomare branches (Fig. 9B). They are distinctly reddish and stand out in contrast to the dark grey stercomare. The organic tube that contains the cytoplasm is very thin. The strands are of irregular width, generally between ~100 and 200 µm but occasionally somewhat wider. Some peripheral strands have slightly expanded ends. Away from the margin, the reddish strands can sometimes be glimpsed in gaps within the grey stercomare system.</p><p>Molecular characterisation. Claraclippia seminuda (100% BV) branches as sister to S. mattaeformis (100% BV), but the grouping of the two species is not supported by the BV. The two 18S sequences of C. seminuda are identical, they contain 908 nucleotides and the GC content is 44%.</p><p>Remarks. A distinctive feature of Claraclippia seminuda is the lack of any real test. Shipboard photographs of the freshly collected specimen show a layer of fine sediment particles covering much of the surface, although this veneer was very thin and did not totally obscure the underlying stercomare. Some parts of the veneer survived transport in RNAlater to Geneva, but it had disappeared when the fragments, now preserved in formalin, were examined in Southampton a year later.</p><p>There are intriguing morphological similarities between Claraclippia seminuda and Semi psammina mattaeformis Gooday &amp; Holzmann, 2017, a species also described from the CCZ that lives attached as a flat structure on nodule surfaces. In particular, the stercomare of S. mattaeformis forms ‘a dense, mat-like formation comprising closely packed, convoluted masses, generally 100–200 µm in width, that appear to merge and anastomose, but sometimes are aligned to run more or less parallel……. Elsewhere, the masses are less closely packed and form a more open system of anastomosing branches (again generally 100–200 µm width)’ (Gooday and Holzmann, 2017c). When the test is removed, these stercomare formations look remarkably similar to those of C. seminuda, although individual strands are somewhat wider and there are no obvious granellare branches. A test is present in S. mattaeformis, but it is thin, flimsy and easily detached, which tends to enhance the similarity with C. seminuda . The two species also branch as sister in the phylogenetic tree, although without bootstrap support (Fig. 1).</p><p>The construction of the body of Claraclippia seminuda largely from stercomare is a characteristic shared with Ceralasma massa . In other respects, however, the two species are quite different. The body is a rounded lump comprising wide (2–4 mm) stercomare branches in C. massa (Tendal, 1972), compared to mainly plate-like elements made up of much narrower (100–150 µm) stercomare branches in C. seminuda . The new species is also much larger (~ 8 cm), almost three times the size of the largest specimen of C. massa (2.8 cm; Tendal, 1972). It is more similar to Cerelasma implicata Kamenskaya, Gooday &amp; Tendal, 2017, which has a test composed of relatively narrow, closely packed stercomare branches interwoven with granellare branches. The main difference is that C. implicata is much smaller (14 mm or less) and morphologically simpler, with a basal trunk attached to a nodule and an expanded, flattened, fan-shaped upper part (Kamenskaya et al., 2017). The stercomare branches are also narrower (50–60 µm) than those of C. seminuda (75–150 µm). It is possible that the small specimens described by Kamenskaya et al. (2017) are juveniles of C. seminuda, but confirmation of this hypothesis would require genetic data. Stannophyllum mollum Tendal, 1972 is another species that is largely devoid of xenophyae. However, like other members of the genus, the test is held together by fine organic fibres (linellae), forming a distinct surface layer that clearly distinguishes S. mollum from C. seminuda (Tendal, 1972) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A987A17B4CAF7166C44240FC31DF9D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Holzmann, Maria;Barrenechea-Angeles, Inés;Lim, Swee-Cheng;Pawlowski, Jan	Holzmann, Maria, Barrenechea-Angeles, Inés, Lim, Swee-Cheng, Pawlowski, Jan (2024): New xenophyophores (Foraminifera, Monothalamea) from the eastern Clarion-Clipperton Zone (equatorial Pacific). Zootaxa 5419 (2): 151-188, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5419.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5419.2.1
03A987A17B51AF7066C44755FA87DB1D.text	03A987A17B51AF7066C44755FA87DB1D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stereodiktyoma Gooday & Holzmann 2024	<div><p>Stereodiktyoma Gooday &amp; Holzmann gen. nov.</p><p>Diagnosis. Test attached, delicate, forming a complex three-dimensional network of tubular elements, not arranged according to any particular pattern. Wall soft, finely agglutinated.</p><p>Etymology. From the Ancient Greek στερεός (stereós), literally meaning “solid” but in this context three-dimensional, and the Greek diktyoma meaning a ‘network’. Gender neuter</p><p>Remarks. Stereodiktyoma has morphological characteristics that resemble those of several existing genera. Tendalia has a reticulated arrangement of tubes, but these lie more or less in one plane and the walls are thinner, coarser-grained and more rigid and brittle than those of the new genus. In some species of Syringammina, notably the type species S. fragilissima, the test comprises a three-dimensional system of tubes. However, like those of Tendalia, the tubes are relatively thin-walled, rigid and brittle, as well as being arranged, at least peripherally, in a distinct pattern, with ‘radial branches’ and ‘anastomosing lateral branches (that) form consecutive layers’ (p. 36 in Tendal, 1972). The new genus is most similar morphologically to Shinkaiya lindsayi, also the type species of its genus. This has a test comprising a meshwork of anastomosing tubes, the walls of which are relatively thick, fine-grained, soft delicate, and therefore quite similar to those of the new genus.</p><p>There is no genetic support for a close relationship between Stereodiktyoma and either Shinkaiya or Syringammina (Fig. 1). It does branch in the same clade as Tendalia, although with no bootstrap (BV) support. The closest species to Stereodiktyoma genetically is Galatheammina sp. 2 of Gooday et al. (2017a). This relationship is supported by 100% BV, but as explained below, there is very little morphological similarity between the two species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A987A17B51AF7066C44755FA87DB1D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Holzmann, Maria;Barrenechea-Angeles, Inés;Lim, Swee-Cheng;Pawlowski, Jan	Holzmann, Maria, Barrenechea-Angeles, Inés, Lim, Swee-Cheng, Pawlowski, Jan (2024): New xenophyophores (Foraminifera, Monothalamea) from the eastern Clarion-Clipperton Zone (equatorial Pacific). Zootaxa 5419 (2): 151-188, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5419.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5419.2.1
03A987A17B50AF7666C442D5FECFDB1D.text	03A987A17B50AF7666C442D5FECFDB1D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stereodiktyoma mollis Gooday & Holzmann	<div><p>Stereodiktyoma mollis Gooday &amp; Holzmann gen. &amp; sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 10, Supplementary Fig. S3</p><p>Diagnosis. As for genus.</p><p>Etymology. Latin mollis, meaning soft, a reference to the poorly cemented test wall.</p><p>Type material and locality. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-117.55028&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.368083" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -117.55028/lat 12.368083)">The</a> holotype (Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum, Singapore, reg. no. ZR C. FOR.0003, preserved in 10% formalin) was collected in box core BC039 (specimen RC1623); OMS license area, 12° 22' 05.1"N, 117° 33' 01.0"W; 4157 m water depth. The specimen is in the form of numerous small fragments .</p><p><a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-117.48072&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.343722" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -117.48072/lat 12.343722)">The</a> paratype (Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum, Singapore, reg. no. ZR C. FOR.0002, preserved in 10% formalin) was collected in box core BC040 (specimen RC1697); OMS license area, 12° 20' 37.4"N, 117° 28' 50.6"W; 4174 m water depth. The specimen is in the form of numerous small fragments, some of which were used for genetics (sequenced isolate 21433) .</p><p>Description. Shipboard photographs. The holotype was intact when photographed (Fig. 10A, B). It was pale, brownish tan in colour and attached to a nodule. The base of the test extended for about 5 mm in one direction across the nodule surface, less in other directions. The width at the base, including these encrusting parts, was about 23 mm. The maximum height was almost 11 mm, of which about 6.2 mm was elevated above the surface of the nodule. This upper part was narrower (width ~ 14 cm) than the base. The attached part of the test comprised bars that had mainly coalesced to form plates interrupted by open spaces, although retaining some identity in places. It had an uneven margin with short, projecting finger-like or lobate processes. The upper elevated section formed a three-dimensional framework that consisted mainly of bars, 0.7–1.0 mm wide, around open spaces.</p><p>The paratype was also originally attached to a nodule but broke into two fairly large fragments when removed (Fig. 10C, D). One fragment measured 11.2 by 10.9 cm and had a subrectangular outline. The other measured 11.8 by 9.2 cm and had a semicircular outline; the flattened part may have been the base of the specimen. Both fragments comprised a three-dimensional framework of branches, each ~ 0.54–0.92 mm in diameter. A photograph of a nodule from the same box core (BC040) showed the remains of an encrusting xenophyophore that probably represents the same species (Supplementary Fig. S3A). It formed a mat-like structure covering an area measuring at least 17.5 by 15 mm. In places the surface was fairly smooth, but elsewhere it was uneven and appeared to comprise coalescing tubes, a few of which stood up for a short distance from the general surface. It was possibly the basal part of an upstanding test.</p><p>Preserved material. Both specimens were very fragile. The holotype, preserved in formalin, arrived in Southampton as small fragments, the largest a few milliimetres in size (Supplementary Fig. S3C–F). Fragments of the paratype, preserved in RNAlater, were initially sent to Geneva and included two larger pieces (Fig. 10E, F), around 6.0 and 8.7 mm maximum dimension. Further disintegration occurred during onward transport to Southampton. Most of the surviving fragments are basically cylindrical, although sometimes coalescing to form more plate-like structures (Supplementary Fig. S3D). This tendency for the tubes to coalesce is also evident in the shipboard photographs of the intact holotype (Fig. 10A, B).</p><p>The test wall has a very thin (no more than ~5 µm) basal layer composed of small but discernible transparent, pale yellowish grains. This is overlain by a much thicker (typically 130 to 260 µm) layer of soft, very fine-grained and easily disaggregated, sediment-like material (Supplementary Fig. S3C–D). The branches are tubular and there are no internal xenophyae, much of the internal space being occupied by a stercomare branch, typically 100 to 200 µm diameter (Supplementary Fig. S3F). Several branches often emerge from plate-like fragments or are visible along their broken edges. A narrow granellare strand is sometimes seen running parallel to the stercomare (Supplementary Fig. S3B). The granellare is pale yellowish, usually 30 to 50 µm diameter, and branches together with the stercomare where the tubular test elements bifurcate.</p><p>Molecular characterisation. Stereodictyoma mollis branches as sister to Galatheammina sp. 2 (100%BV). The length of sequenced fragment of 18S gene of S. mollis is 1068 nucleotides and the GC content is 30%.</p><p>Remarks. There are some morphological differences between the two specimens of Stereodiktyoma mollis . In particular, the holotype from box core included a fairly high proportion of plate-like fragments whereas fragments of the paratype were predominantly tubular. This difference is in the small preserved fragments is consistent with the appearance of the more intact specimens in shipboard photographs. However, in other respects, notably the wall structure, they are very similar and hence we consider them to represent the same species.</p><p>DNA sequences obtained from the paratype reveal a strongly supported relationship (100% BV) between Stereodiktyoma mollis and Galatheammina sp. 2 of Gooday et al. (2017c), albeit with fairly long branches in both cases. The Galatheammina species is known from a single specimen, possibly a fragment, from the UK-1 area. This forms a flat plate composed of radiolarians in a fine-grained matrix and with radiolarians also occupying the test interior, together with stercomare and granellare. The two species therefore have little in common morphologically.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A987A17B50AF7666C442D5FECFDB1D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Holzmann, Maria;Barrenechea-Angeles, Inés;Lim, Swee-Cheng;Pawlowski, Jan	Holzmann, Maria, Barrenechea-Angeles, Inés, Lim, Swee-Cheng, Pawlowski, Jan (2024): New xenophyophores (Foraminifera, Monothalamea) from the eastern Clarion-Clipperton Zone (equatorial Pacific). Zootaxa 5419 (2): 151-188, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5419.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5419.2.1
03A987A17B56AF7666C442CDFBA5DFEF.text	03A987A17B56AF7666C442CDFBA5DFEF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Shinkaiya contorta Gooday & Holzmann 2017	<div><p>Shinkaiya contorta Gooday &amp; Holzmann, 2017</p><p>Figs 11, 12</p><p>Shinkaiya contorta Gooday &amp; Holzmann, 2017, in Gooday et al. 2017c, p. 727 –730, Fig. 2A–F.</p><p>Material examined. BC004 RC0160 (morphology and genetics). Sequenced isolates: 21448, 21449.</p><p>Description. The shipboard photographs show a single plate-like fragment with an intact semicircular margin and concentric ‘growth lines’ clearly developed over parts of the surface (Fig. 11A). It was originally attached to a nodule and the lower margin was broken when it was removed from the substrate. The plate was strongly undulating so that it did not lie in one plane. It was still largely intact when seen in Geneva, where it measured 44 mm in maximum dimension. By the time it reached Southampton, the fragment had broken into several smaller pieces, some almost flat but others curved, and the largest with a maximum dimension of about 15 mm (Fig. 11B). They are greyish, with a smooth surface, in places overlain by patches of lighter material resembling fine-grained sediment. ‘Growth lines’ are sometimes visible. The wall is 60–95 µm thick, in a few places up to 115 µm (Fig. 11D, E; 12E), quite soft, delicate, and very fine-grained with a scattering of darker flecks.</p><p>The test interior is occupied mainly by masses of stercomare (Fig. 12C–F), some of which are attached to the underside of the wall. On detached wall fragments the stercomare forms distinctive strands, typically 50–105 µm in width, that branch and usually anastomose to varying degrees, sometimes forming dense networks (Fig. 12C–E). Granellare strands are whitish, typically 45–75 µm in width and weave between the stercomare. A granellare tube is not clearly visible under stereomicroscope.</p><p>Remarks. The wavy, plate-like morphology of the preserved fragment is consistent with that of the unique holotype of Shinkaiya contorta from the UK-1 area of the CCZ (Gooday et al., 2017c). This was an intact specimen, with a maximum dimension (46 mm), similar to that of the new specimen, but with a more complex structure that comprised a number of curved, plate-like elements, often with well-developed growth lines. The soft, finely agglutinated test wall, and the reticulated stercomare branches, are similar but some other test features are different. Particularly notable is that the plate itself, and particularly the wall of the plate, are much thinner (about 0.5–1.0 mm and 60–95 µm, respectively) than those of the type specimen (1.3–2.0 mm and 270–500 µm, respectively). Nevertheless, sequences obtained from the new fragment confirm its identification.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A987A17B56AF7666C442CDFBA5DFEF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Holzmann, Maria;Barrenechea-Angeles, Inés;Lim, Swee-Cheng;Pawlowski, Jan	Holzmann, Maria, Barrenechea-Angeles, Inés, Lim, Swee-Cheng, Pawlowski, Jan (2024): New xenophyophores (Foraminifera, Monothalamea) from the eastern Clarion-Clipperton Zone (equatorial Pacific). Zootaxa 5419 (2): 151-188, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5419.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5419.2.1
03A987A17B56AF7A66C4469AFD4FDAD9.text	03A987A17B56AF7A66C4469AFD4FDAD9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Psammina multiloculata Kamenskaya, Gooday, Tendal 2015	<div><p>Psammina multiloculata Kamenskaya, Gooday, Tendal, 2015</p><p>Fig. 13</p><p>Psammina multiloculata Kamenskaya, Gooday, Tendal, 2015: p. 584 –585, Figs 2, 3.</p><p>Psammina multiloculata Kamenskaya, Gooday, Tendal, 2015 . Kamenskaya et al., 2017, 300–301, Fig. 1a–d.</p><p>Material examined. Box core 10. Specimen RC0490 (morphology).</p><p>Description. Shipboard photographs. The single specimen stood vertically on the surface of the nodule to which it was attached (Fig. 13A, B). It comprised a basal stalk and an upper part with a number of plate-like elements radiating out from a central axis. The apparent height of the test, viewed from different angles, ranged from about 7.0 to 7.5 mm (mean 7.2 mm), but this was strongly influenced by foreshortening. The width varied from 4.4 to 5.9 mm (mean 5.37), depending on which plates were in view. Three main plates were visible when the test was viewed from above (Fig. 13C); they were more or less straight or slightly curved, of fairly even width (0.33-0.48 mm), and measuring 3.3, 2.5 and 2.0 mm in length. The plate of intermediate length divided at the end into two short side plates, about 0.90 and 1.10 mm long. The height of the stem, measured as the distance between the base and the highest side plate but again foreshortened to varying degrees, ranged from 2.16 to 3.14 mm depending on the orientation, and the width from 1.15 to 1.90 mm. It tapered downwards but widened slightly at the base.</p><p>Most of the test surface was dark, but with a paler zone around the plate rims, particularly along their upper edges (Fig. 13A, B). A vague, approximately concentric zonation is visible on some of the plates, together with a faint pattern comprising small, slightly raised patches and shallow depressions, corresponding to the compartmentalization described below.</p><p>Preserved specimen. The test, detached from the nodule, measures 10.7 mm long and 6.2 mm wide, as orientated in Fig. 13D. Most of the stem and the three upper plates are intact (Fig. 13D–E), although there is some damage around the edges of the plates. The test wall is very thin (~20 µm) and delicate (Fig. 13F–H). It is composed of fine transparent mineral grains, probably quartz, mixed with sponge spicules fragments, scattered dark particles and occasional reddish grains. Most of the non-biogenic grains are ~35 µm or less in size, although some are larger. At least one agglutinated foraminiferan test is incorporated into the wall. Where the edge of the test is intact, the wall continues around it with no obvious apertures. The overall colour is dark grey, influenced by the stercomare that largely fill the test and are dimly visible through the thin wall.</p><p>The test interior is partitioned into cell-like compartments. These are visible on the surface as slightly raised patches filled with dark stercomare, except for the pale peripheral zone (Fig. 13F). These patches are often somewhat rectangular and tend to be arranged concentrically, particularly towards the margin. It is difficult to give precise sizes, but they are on the order of ~600–700 µm long and ~420 µm wide. The cytoplasm is visible on broken edges as pale whitish strands enclosed within a delicate, transparent granellare tube, as well as larger, more irregular masses, notably in the stem.</p><p>Remarks. This is the first record of Psammina multiloculata from outside the Russian license area in the more central part of the CCZ. Our specimen agrees fairly well with the original description (Kamenskaya et al., 2015), particularly as regards the basically plate-like test morphology and its characteristic internal subdivision into small, cell-like compartments. There are some differences. The four Russian specimens either lacked a stalk (as in the holotype) or had a very short stalk. One of the two additional specimens described by Kamenskaya et al. (2017) had a short, tapered stalk, 5 mm long and up to 15 mm wide, while the other comprised the stalk, 5 mm long and 8 mm wide, and just the base of the upper plate-like part. The much larger size of the Russian specimens (usually&gt; 20 mm maximum dimension) suggests the greater proportion of the test occupied by the stalk in our specimen may be a juvenile feature.</p><p>Our specimen of P. multiloculata shares many features with Psammina sp. 3 from Stratum B of the UK-1 area, illustrated and briefly described in the supplementary material for Gooday (2017a; Supplementary Figure 4d, e therein). This earlier specimen is similar in size, 8.5 mm high and a maximum of 5.5 mm wide. The test wall contains a high proportion of sponge spicules, and the interior is partitioned into compartments that are occupied by stercomare masses of irregular width (typically 200–300 µm) and granellare strands (65–80 µm wide). The main difference is that the test is curled around to form an almost tubular structure. Possibly, they are conspecific, but this cannot be confirmed in the absence of genetic data.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A987A17B56AF7A66C4469AFD4FDAD9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Holzmann, Maria;Barrenechea-Angeles, Inés;Lim, Swee-Cheng;Pawlowski, Jan	Holzmann, Maria, Barrenechea-Angeles, Inés, Lim, Swee-Cheng, Pawlowski, Jan (2024): New xenophyophores (Foraminifera, Monothalamea) from the eastern Clarion-Clipperton Zone (equatorial Pacific). Zootaxa 5419 (2): 151-188, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5419.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5419.2.1
03A987A17B5AAF7966C44388FD29D985.text	03A987A17B5AAF7966C44388FD29D985.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Psammina multiloculata Kamenskaya, Gooday, Tendal 2015	<div><p>Psammina aff. multiloculata Kamenskaya, Gooday, Tendal, 2015</p><p>Supplementary Figs S4, S 5</p><p>Material examined (morphology only). BC044, RC1830</p><p>Shipboard observations. The specimen was found lying flat on the surface of the box core and was probably incomplete. In shipboard photographs it formed a flat plate, fairly elongated, more than 57 mm long and ~ 29 mm in maximum width, making it the largest specimen in our collection (Supplementary Fig. S4A). One of the longer sides was convex and probably included parts of the intact margin. The opposite side of the test was concave and appeared broken, as did the two irregularly shaped ends.</p><p>Preserved specimen. On arrival in Geneva, the plate had broken into several fragments, the largest about 13.5 mm long and 1.1–1.5 mm thick (Supplementary Fig. S5A). The following description is based mainly on observations made at this stage, since the fragments themselves had almost totally disintegrated by the time they reached Southampton.</p><p>The surface showed concentric lineations following a rather irregular, wavy course, in places comprising a series of short, curved sections to create a scalloped effect. The lineations are sometimes joined by faint transverse lines, reflecting the cell-like compartments that occupy the test interior. The outer wall is very thin (30–68 µm), delicate and easily damaged (Supplementary Fig. S5B–D). It is composed of very small mineral grains, which include a scattering of tiny orange and white grains, together with sponge spicule fragments and occasional radiolarians. The internal compartments are clearly visible in broken sections (Supplementary Fig. S5E, F) and are defined by partitions with the same thickness and composition as the external walls, with which they merge. Some of the partitions span the two outer walls more or less transversely, but overall, the compartments are not particularly regular and the partitions between them are orientated in various directions with respect to the outer walls.</p><p>Remarks. This specimen resembles Psammina multiloculata in terms of its wall structure and composition, as well as the compartmentalised test interior. However, although damaged, it is still much larger than the specimen described above (57 mm compared to only 7.5 mm!), and has a flat, plate-like morphology with no sign of a stalk or multiple radiating plates. Nevertheless, the holotype of P. multiloculata was originally described as being flat and plate-like (Kamenskaya et al., 2015). It was much smaller (24 mm) than the present specimen, although an intact example of the species described in a later study (Kamenskaya et al., 2017), which was also flat and plate-like, was closer in size (45 mm compared to 57 mm). It is therefore possible that this large plate should be assigned to P. multiloculata . However, this and the specimen described above are so different morphologically that in the absence of genetic data we prefer to keep them separate.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A987A17B5AAF7966C44388FD29D985	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Holzmann, Maria;Barrenechea-Angeles, Inés;Lim, Swee-Cheng;Pawlowski, Jan	Holzmann, Maria, Barrenechea-Angeles, Inés, Lim, Swee-Cheng, Pawlowski, Jan (2024): New xenophyophores (Foraminifera, Monothalamea) from the eastern Clarion-Clipperton Zone (equatorial Pacific). Zootaxa 5419 (2): 151-188, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5419.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5419.2.1
03A987A17B59AF7966C44134FD13DDBC.text	03A987A17B59AF7966C44134FD13DDBC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Psammina limbata Kamenskaya, Gooday & Tendal 2015	<div><p>Psammina aff. limbata form 1 sensu Gooday et al. 2018</p><p>Supplementary Fig. S6</p><p>Psammina aff. limbata form 1. Gooday et al., 2018, 930–934, Figs 3–5, Supplementary Fig. S1C–F.</p><p>Material examined. Box core 040. Specimen RC1699 (morphology). Box core 036. Specimen RC1588 (morphology). Dried.</p><p>Remarks. RC1677 (Fig. 6A, B). The specimen includes only the upper fan-shaped part of the test, which has broken off near the top of the stalk. The fan is ~ 11 mm and whole fragment is 8.4 mm high. There is a very obvious pale rim, devoid of the stercomare that occupy the remainder of the test. The specimen is undoubtedly the same as the form described by Gooday et al. (2018), particularly in terms of the agglutinated particles, which includes numerous agglutinated foraminifera, many of them orange in colour. This form is probably the same as Psammina limbata from the Russian license area, although this cannot be confirmed in the absence of genetic data for any of the Russian specimens.</p><p>RC1558 (Fig. 6C–F). The specimen was dried soon after collection and is greyish-brown in overall colour. The upper part is fan shaped, gently curved, and somewhat asymmetrical, merging into the stalk on one side and joining it more abruptly and at a higher point on the other side. The maximum width is 25.7 mm and the overall height 22.4 mm, of which ~ 5.9 mm is occupied by the stalk and ~ 16.6 mm by the fan. The fan-like part is 1.80–2.06 mm thick. The stalk is strongly tapered, from about 5.88 mm to 1.56 mm. The bases of several rod-like ‘roots’ arise from the lower part of the fan and the top of the stalk, 5 on one side, 2 on the other.</p><p>The test surface is fairly smooth, apart from clearly-developed, concentrically zoned undulations. The wall comprises a matrix of small mineral grains and tiny spicule fragments in which are embedded radiolarians, a few longer spicules and occasional agglutinated foraminiferan tests and larger mineral grains. The margin of the fan is abraided, exposing the interior, which comprises an open meshwork of spicules to which are attached radiolarians. The test wall is very thin, around 40–60 µm.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A987A17B59AF7966C44134FD13DDBC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Holzmann, Maria;Barrenechea-Angeles, Inés;Lim, Swee-Cheng;Pawlowski, Jan	Holzmann, Maria, Barrenechea-Angeles, Inés, Lim, Swee-Cheng, Pawlowski, Jan (2024): New xenophyophores (Foraminifera, Monothalamea) from the eastern Clarion-Clipperton Zone (equatorial Pacific). Zootaxa 5419 (2): 151-188, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5419.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5419.2.1
03A987A17B59AF7866C4456EFAAFD889.text	03A987A17B59AF7866C4456EFAAFD889.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Psammina limbata Kamenskaya, Gooday & Tendal 2015	<div><p>Psammina aff. limbata form 2 sensu Gooday et al., 2018</p><p>Supplementary Fig. S7</p><p>Psammina aff. limbata form 2. Gooday et al., 2018, 934–935, Fig. 6, Supplementary Fig. S2.</p><p>Material examined. Box core 034. Specimen RC1492 (morphology only). Box core 040. Specimen RC1337 (morphology only). Box core 042. Specimen RC1743 (morphology only). Dried.</p><p>Description. RC1337 (Supplementary Fig. S7A–C). The test comprises a semicircular, fan-shaped upper part, almost 33 mm wide, merging into a tapered stalk attached to a nodule. The test (stalk plus fan) is around 26 mm high and almost intact apart from some damage to the margin and several holes within the fan. The upper part is distinctly asymmetrical, being better developed on one side than the other. As a result, the stalk is also asymmetrical and longer on the side where the fan is less well developed. The base of the stalk extends into at least three branched root-like structures that spread across the nodule surface. The fan displays clearly developed ‘growth lines’ that delimit concentric zones. The upper part appears to be empty, the lower part is filled with dark material, probably decayed stercomare.</p><p>RC1492 (Supplementary Fig. S7D). The upper part of the test is damaged with little or none of the original margin surviving. What remains is 18 mm wide and displays a well-developed concentric zonation. The overall height is also 18 mm. However, the lower part is intact and tapers to a very short (1.2 mm) but relatively wide (3.0 mm) stalk. In addition to the main stalk there is a wide secondary support developed from the base of the fan, and two long, straight, bar-like processes (6.5 and 7.7 mm long and 0.5–0.6 mm wide), arise from the intact margin on the side of the test and are directed obliquely downwards.</p><p>RC1743 (dried). The specimen is badly cracked, but basically forms a semicircular fan with a fairly straight lower margin and the base of a stem. It measures 29.3 mm (width) by 25.8 mm (height). The wall has a rough surface with concentric growth zones. It comprises a mesh of sponge spicules, radiolarians and subordinate numbers of agglutinated foraminiferal tests and fragments, mainly yellow or orange in colour. Parts of the test interior are visible through gaps in the cracked wall, revealing parts of several very thin partitions corresponding to the external furrows that define the zones. Otherwise, the interior is empty.</p><p>Remarks. These three specimens are very similar to Psammina aff. limbata form 2 from the UK-1 license area, as illustrated in Figs 6E, G of Gooday et al. (2018). The concentric zonation with corresponding internal partitions is a typical feature and distinguishes this form from other stalked Psammina species described by Gooday et al. (2018). The straight, bar-like processes (Supplementary Fig. S7D) are also present in the UK- 1 specimen.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A987A17B59AF7866C4456EFAAFD889	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Holzmann, Maria;Barrenechea-Angeles, Inés;Lim, Swee-Cheng;Pawlowski, Jan	Holzmann, Maria, Barrenechea-Angeles, Inés, Lim, Swee-Cheng, Pawlowski, Jan (2024): New xenophyophores (Foraminifera, Monothalamea) from the eastern Clarion-Clipperton Zone (equatorial Pacific). Zootaxa 5419 (2): 151-188, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5419.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5419.2.1
03A987A17B5EAF4366C446B9FCCFDCE1.text	03A987A17B5EAF4366C446B9FCCFDCE1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stannophyllum granularium Tendal 1972	<div><p>Stannophyllum aff. granularium Tendal, 1972</p><p>Figs 14, 15</p><p>Material examined. Box core 10, specimen RC0489 (morphology and genetics). Box core 15, specimen RC0608 (morphology). Sequenced isolates: 21445, 21446</p><p>Descriptions.</p><p>RC0489 (sequenced)</p><p>The test is flexible, attached to a nodule in shipboard photographs (Fig. 14A, C). It measures 15.6 mm long and</p><p>11.5 mm wide. The overall shape is roughly and asymmetrically ovate, with one side more or less straight, the other side broadly curved, and the end gently rounded (Fig. 15B). There is no distinct stalk, but the attached margin is relatively short, about 4.6 mm in width.</p><p>The preserved specimen is 730–870 µm thick. The surface is rather uneven and fairly dark greyish brown when viewed in natural light. There is a lighter peripheral fringe that is only obvious in laboratory photographs of the fixed specimen, where it is best developed around the distal end of the test (Fig. 14D, E). In some areas, notably near the upper margin, the wall is composed of radiolarian shells with sponge spicule fragments also visible, leaving substantial gaps between these particles (Fig. 14E). Elsewhere, the gaps are largely filled in by much finer material. A few larger agglutinated foraminifera are also incorporated into the structure. The wall is pervaded and held together by a meshwork of fine proteinaceous fibres (linellae). Gaps in the surface are criss-crossed by linellae, through which dark grey stercomare masses are visible. The linellae are particularly well-developed and obvious in the peripheral zone.</p><p>The test interior was not examined, but the darker appearance of the test away from the lighter peripheral zone clearly results from the presence of stercomare masses. A row of eight more or less straight, slightly radiating granellare strands were visible at the distal end of the test, immediately inside the peripheral zone, before most were removed for genetic analysis (Fig. 14D, E). One of the strands branched once, but the others were unbranched. They were 88–117 µm wide, in some cases expanding to ~145–175 µm at their outer end. The granellare strands that had been removed for sequencing measured 76–190 µm wide (Fig. 14F).</p><p>RC0608 (not sequenced)</p><p>Shipboard photographs show the test bent over from what, presumably, was an upright orientation on the seafloor (Fig. 15A, B). It is considerably larger than RC0489, measuring 30.6 mm long with a maximum width of 21.4 mm. The shape is asymmetrically oval (Fig. 15A, C), similar to that of the sequenced specimen, although with a short wide proximal stem 7.8 mm wide and ~ 4 mm long that merges with the upper part of the test (Fig. 15D).</p><p>The preserved specimen is 520–650 µm thick. The test surface has a vague pattern of concentric arcuate zones running parallel to the curved upper (distal) margin (Fig. 15C). The wall is very similar to that of the sequenced specimen. Apart from a single agglutinated foraminiferan (Reophax sp.), it is composed largely of radiolarian shells of different sizes and a subordinate proportion of sponge spicules, with a patchy matrix of fine particles occupying the gaps across some parts of the surface (Fig. 15F). The meshwork of linellae that holds together the surface layer is strongly developed and clearly visible where there are gaps between the radiolarians and near the margin (Fig. 15E). The stercomare can also be seen through these gaps. In more central parts of the test, it forms an interconnected system of irregularly shaped lumps merging into more linear strands that radiate towards the towards the curved upper (distal) margin.</p><p>Molecular characterisation. Stannophyllum aff. granularium branches next to S. zonarium (100% BV). The barcoding fragment of the 18S gene of S. aff. granularium is 927 nucleotides long and its GC content is 29%. The two sequences obtained for this species are identical.</p><p>Remarks. Three of the 15 Stannophyllum species included by Tendal (1996) in his synoptic checklist of xenophyophores, S. granularium Tendal, 1972, S. radiolarium Haeckel, 1889 and S. zonarium, have tests composed to some degree of radiolarians (as described by Tendal, 1972). Stannophyllum zonarium, is the most widely reported of all xenophyophores (Tendal, 1996). The test is clearly zoned and the strongly developed linellae often project from the lower part in tangled bundles (Tendal, 1972; Gooday et al., 2020a), features are not seen in the species described here. In any case, genetic data indicate that the two species are distinct (Fig. 1).</p><p>The other two possible candidates have the following characteristics (Tendal, 1972). In S. granularium the test is 1.5–3.0 mm thick, dark brown in colour, sometimes with faint zonations, the surface is ‘granular’, the xenophyae comprise a combination of mineral particles and sponge spicules with a varying proportion of radiolarians and the linellae are strongly developed, often as a surface layer. In S. radiolarium, the test is 1–1.5 mm thick, lighter in colour, has a ‘soft consistency’, the surface is ‘smooth’, the xenophyae are mainly radiolarians with occasional sponge spicules, the linellae are sparse and do not form a surface layer.</p><p>The three possibly damaged specimens of S. granularium illustrated in Pl. 10A–C of Tendal (1972) and Pl. 1.3–1.5 of Tendal (1973) do not closely resemble either of our specimens. Tendal’s (1972) descriptions, however, suggest that our specimens are closer to S. granularium than to S. radiolarium, although there are differences. Radiolarians are generally a subordinate, rather than dominant, component of the xenophyae in S. granularium and may be almost absent. Our specimens are much thinner (&lt;1.0 mm when preserved, compared to 1.5–3.0 mm). With the exception of an anomalous record from the Indonesian region (Banda Sea, 4365 m depth), all specimens of S. granularium come from ~ 5000–6700 m in the NW Pacific (32–54˚ N), some distance from our shallower sampling area in the eastern equatorial Pacific. For these reasons, we cannot confidently assign our specimens to Tendal’s species, but refer it instead to Stannophyllum aff. granularium .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A987A17B5EAF4366C446B9FCCFDCE1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Holzmann, Maria;Barrenechea-Angeles, Inés;Lim, Swee-Cheng;Pawlowski, Jan	Holzmann, Maria, Barrenechea-Angeles, Inés, Lim, Swee-Cheng, Pawlowski, Jan (2024): New xenophyophores (Foraminifera, Monothalamea) from the eastern Clarion-Clipperton Zone (equatorial Pacific). Zootaxa 5419 (2): 151-188, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5419.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5419.2.1
03A987A17B61AF4166C44590FEDFDEEA.text	03A987A17B61AF4166C44590FEDFDEEA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stannophyllum Haeckel 1889	<div><p>The genus Stannophyllum</p><p>We obtained two sequences from a second species of Stannophyllum . This is the most species-rich xenophyophore genus and was placed by Haeckel (1889), Schultze (1907), Tendal (1972, 1996), together with a related genus Stannoma, in a distinct family, the Stannomidae, characterised by the presence of fine proteinaceous fibres that ramify the test. The new species groups with 100% bootstrap support with sequences from Stannophyllum zonarium, confirming that these are genuine Stannophyllum sequences. They consistently form a strongly supported (99% BV) group with Xenophyophore sp. 1. This is surprising since the only available material of Xenophyophore sp. 1 comprises tubular fragments that are morphologically completely different from Stannophyllum (Supplementary Figure 9c, d in Gooday et al., 2017a). The two sequences of Xenophyophore sp. 1 were obtained from one specimen and we would need additional material to examine and confirm its close molecular relationship with Stannophyllum .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A987A17B61AF4166C44590FEDFDEEA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Holzmann, Maria;Barrenechea-Angeles, Inés;Lim, Swee-Cheng;Pawlowski, Jan	Holzmann, Maria, Barrenechea-Angeles, Inés, Lim, Swee-Cheng, Pawlowski, Jan (2024): New xenophyophores (Foraminifera, Monothalamea) from the eastern Clarion-Clipperton Zone (equatorial Pacific). Zootaxa 5419 (2): 151-188, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5419.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5419.2.1
