identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
ED3DD86A5C17AE7FBC1C4EBAFC391CE3.text	ED3DD86A5C17AE7FBC1C4EBAFC391CE3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apanteles huberi Fernandez-Triana	<div><p>Apanteles huberi Fernandez-Triana sp. n. Figs 36</p><p>Apanteles sp. 2. Fernández-Triana and Huber, 2010: 316. [Examined].</p><p>Type locality.</p><p>Canada, British Columbia, Kispiox, 55°21'0"N, 127°40'58.8"W.</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype. Female (CNC), with first label: Choristoneura biennis, Kispiox, BC, T. G. Gray; second label with date as follows: 6.vii.1983; third label with Specimen ID: MIC 000108. CNC TYPE 23935.</p><p>Paratypes (CNC): 8 ♀ and 2 ♂ same data as holotype for the first two labels; 4 of those specimens with a third label with Specimen IDs: MIC 000106 and MIC 000107 (2 ♀), MIC 000109 (1 ♂), and CNCI JDR-specm 2009-470 (1 ♀).</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>This species will run to Apanteles fumiferanae in both the keys of Muesebeck (1922) and Mason (1974); and will run to Apanteles sp. 2 in the key of Fernández-Triana and Huber (2010). It is related to and morphologically very similar to Apanteles fumiferanae . It differs in the propodeal areola shape (elongated coffin-shaped or ovoid, and weakly defined anteriorly in Apanteles huberi; less elongated and well defined diamond-shaped in Apanteles fumiferanae), length of flagellomeres 2 and 14 (longer in Apanteles huberi) and medio tergite 1 (in Apanteles huberi almost parallel-sided, with greatest width 1.1 × the shortest width; while in Apanteles fumiferanae the medio tergite is widening apically, with the greatest width 1.2 –1.5× the shortest width). The two species also have different host species and differ in 1-4 base pairs within the barcoding region (more details below under the sections Molecular data, Distribution and biology and Comments).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Female</p><p>Antenna length 2-2.2 mm (missing in holotype), body length 2.7 mm (2.3-2.8 mm), forewing 2.8 mm (2.6-3.0 mm). Head with glossa truncate and short. Face with shallow, sparse punctures; and sparse, uniformly distributed setae. Face width at antennal base/face width at clypeus edge: 1.1 ×; intertentorial pit distance/face width at clypeus edge: 0.6 ×; compound eye height/head height: 0.8 ×; head height/width: 0.8 ×; face width at antennal base/head maximum width: 0.7 ×; malar space/basal width of mandible 1.1 × . Clypeus transversely narrow, its width/height: 3.7 × . Length/width of flagellomeres: 1st (3.5 ×), 2nd (4.0 ×), 8th (2.9 ×), 14th (1.2 ×), 15th (1.1 ×). Length of flagellomere 2/flagellomere 14: 3.0 × . Ocello-ocular distance/posterior ocelli diameter: 2.3 ×; distance betwen posterior ocelli/ocelli diameter: 2.3 × .</p><p>Mesosoma. Pronotum laterally with dorsal and ventral grooves well defined. Mesoscutum with sparse and shallow punctures (distance between punctures about 1.0 × its diameter), punctures sparser centrally. Mesoscutum 1.4 × wider than long. Mesoscutum and scutellum uniformly covered by dense, silvered-coloured pilosity. Scutellum almost smooth, with very sparse and shallow punctures. Scutellum length/width at base 1.1 × . Scutellar suture thin and shallow, with 12-14 costulae. Posterior band of scutellum polished. Scutellar lateral face with polished area semicircular and about 1/2 the face height. Mesopleuron setose and with punctures on the anterior margin and upper corner, rest smooth and glabrous; centrally with small depressed area with shallow transverse striae. Thin, crenulate sulcus separating meso and metapleura. Metapleuron mostly smooth and polished, with setae and punctures only dorsally and ventrally along margins; metapleuron with a short, crenulate, longitudinal sulcus running from lower margin near metacoxa through spiracle. Metapleural carina with a short lamella. Propodeum with an ovoid or coffin-shaped areola, with anterior carinae less defined; propodeum sparsely punctured in the anterior half, with transverse striation in the apical half.</p><p>Metasoma. Mediotergite 1 almost parallel sided, just slightly widening posteriorly; basal width/apical width 1.1 ×; length/apical width 1.4 ×; mediotergite 1 with smooth, basal depression; apical 2/3 sculptured with longitudinal striae, except for a median, sub-apical depressed area which is mostly smooth and a polished knob centrally in the apical margin. Mediotergite 2 transverse, trapezoidal in shape; basal width/apical width 0.7 ×; length/apical width 0.3 ×; with longitudinal striae covering most of the surface. Mediotergite 3 twice the length of mediotergite 2. Mediotergite 3 and following unsculptured, polished and uniformly covered by sparse setae. Hypopygium striate, with acute tip slightly protruding beyond apical tergites. Ovipositor sheaths fully setose, 0.9 –1.0× as long as metatibia length.</p><p>Legs. Metatibial inner spur 1.3 × (1.2 –1.5×) the length of outer spur, and 0.6 × (0.5 –0.6×) the length of metatarsomere 1. Metafemur 3.0 × (3.0 –3.1×) as long as wide.</p><p>Wings. Forewing vein R1a 1.1 × as long as stigma length; length of R1a about 2.0 × as long as the distance between its end and the end of 3RSb. Vein r 0.8 × the maximum width of stigma. Join of veins r and 2RS angulated, sometimes with small knob at their junction; vein 2M 1.0 –1.1× as long as vein (RS+M)b. Edge of vannal lobe of hindwing medially straight to slightly convex and with setae of uniform length which are shorter than those at base and apex of lobe.</p><p>Colour: Maxillary and labial palps, and two first pairs of legs (except for coxae), yellow; head, meso and metasoma, and all coxae dark-brown or black; apex of metatibia and part (sometimes most) of the metafemur and metatarsus orange-red or light brown. Most of veins light brown, stigma borders light brown, centrally pale.</p><p>Male</p><p>As females, except for slightly smaller size (2.3-2.4 mm), legs with brighter yellow coloration, and width of mediotergite 1 slightly less than in females.</p><p>Molecular data.</p><p>Partial barcodes (144 bp) from the holotype and three paratypes of Apanteles huberi were obtained and compared with two paratypes of Apanteles fumiferanae with a similar sequence length (Fig. 21). In spite of the relatively short sequences available for analysis (about one fifth of the barcoding region) the two species consistently differed between 1-4 base pairs (0.8-2.8%).</p><p>Distribution and biology.</p><p>Only known from the type locality in BC. All studied specimens were reared from Choristoneura biennis -it is the only braconid species reliably reared from that lepidopteran ( Fernández-Triana and Huber 2010).</p><p>Comments.</p><p>The related species Apanteles fumiferanae has a relatively wide range of hosts (Mason 1974; Fernández-Triana and Huber 2010), but has never been recorded parasitizing Choristoneura biennis . The different host species and slight but consistent morphological and barcoding differences provide sufficient evidence to consider Apanteles huberi as a separate and distinct species.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>I dedicate this species to John Huber (CNC) as an appreciation for the many things I have learned from him during the last four years (his knowledge of Hymenoptera and kindness are both extraordinary); and also for all the shared chocolate!</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/ED3DD86A5C17AE7FBC1C4EBAFC391CE3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fernandez-Triana, Jose L.	Fernandez-Triana, Jose L. (2010): Eight new species and an annotated checklist of Microgastrinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) from Canada and Alaska. ZooKeys 63: 1-53, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.63.565, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.63.565
D1CDD79E0662EA427504044EDA84EBEB.text	D1CDD79E0662EA427504044EDA84EBEB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apanteles jenniferae Fernandez-Triana	<div><p>Apanteles jenniferae Fernandez-Triana sp. n. Figs 47</p><p>Apanteles sp. 1. Fernández-Triana and Huber, 2010: 316. [Examined].</p><p>Type locality.</p><p>Canada, New Brunswick, Canterbury, 45°53'20.5"N, 67°27'49.6"W.</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype. Female (CNC), with first label as follows: C-26, Ex Choristoneura rosaceana Harr. on Red Maple; second label: Canterbury, York Co., N.B., 6.vii.1973. CNC TYPE 23936.</p><p>Paratypes (CNC): 3 ♀, 2 ♂ from Canterbury, NB; Galetta, Delta, and North Bay, ON; Old Chelsea and Tenoga, QC; ex: Choristoneura rosaceana (CNC).</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>This species is related to Apanteles fumiferanae but it is differentiated by its slightly larger size; yellow tegula; less defined areola (mostly marked by a depression and with only apical carinae; contrasting with a complete areola, well defined by carinae in Apanteles fumiferanae); medio tergite 2 (less transverse in Apanteles jenniferae, thinner in Apanteles fumiferanae); and meditergite 3 ( Apanteles jenniferae with some sculpture centrally in anterior margin basally, completely smooth in Apanteles fumiferanae).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Female</p><p>Antenna length 2.2-2.3 mm, body length 3.1 mm (3.0-3.4 mm), forewing 3.2 mm (3.2-3.6 mm). Head with glossa truncate and short. Face with shallow punctures (separation between punctures about the same than punctures diameter); and sparse, uniformly distributed setae. Face width at antennal base/face width at clypeus edge: 1.6 ×; intertentorial pit distance/face width at clypeus edge: 0.6 ×; compound eye height/head height: 0.7 ×; head height/width: 0.8 ×; face width at antennal base/head maximum width: 0.5 ×; malar space/basal width of mandible 1.3 × . Clypeus transversely narrow, its width/height: 3.5 × . Length/width of flagellomeres: 1st (3.9 ×), 2nd (3.8 ×), 8th (3.0 ×), 14th (1.4 ×), 15th (1.2 ×). Length of flagellomere 2/flagellomere 14: 2.6 × . Ocelo-ocular distance/posterior ocelli diameter: 2.0 ×; distance betwen posterior ocelli/ocelli diameter: 2.0 × .</p><p>Mesosoma. Pronotum laterally with dorsal and ventral grooves well defined. Mesoscutum with relatively close punctures (distance between punctures about 0.5 × its diameter). Mesoscutum 1.4 × wider than long. Mesoscutum and scutellum uniformly covered by dense, silvered-coloured pilosity. Scutellum almost smooth, with very sparse and shallow punctures mostly on the margins. Scutellum length/width at base 1.0 × . Scutellar suture well impressed, with 12 costulae, the central ones more spaced and deeply impressed than the lateral ones. Posterior band of scutellum polished. Scutellar lateral face with polished area semicircular slightly less than half the face height. Mesopleuron setose and with punctures on the anterior half; the posterior half glabrous and smooth except for a thin sulcus running from the posterior margin (at about half the length of that margin) towards the lower margin of mesopleuron (ending just before the punctures and setae of the anterior half). Thin, crenulated sulcus separating meso and metapleura. Metapleuron mostly smooth and polished, with setae and punctures only dorsally and ventrally along margins; metapleuron with a very short, crenulate, longitudinal sulcus running from lower margin near metacoxa through spiracle. Metapleural carina with short lamella. Propodeum with areola defined mostly by a central impression than carinae -though the posterior carinae are visible; propodeum coarsely punctured in the anterior half, with transverse striation in the apical half, the only smooth area is centrally inside the areola.</p><p>Metasoma. Mediotergite 1 barrel-shaped, wider medially than anteriorly or posteriorly; basal width/apical width 0.9 × (0.8 –0.9×); length/apical width 1.1 ×; mediotergite 1 with smooth, basal depression; apical 2/3 coarsely sculptured and with longitudinal striae, except for a median, sub-apical depressed area which is mostly smooth and a polished knob centrally in the apical margin. Mediotergite 2 transverse, trapezoidal to almost rectangular in shape; basal width/apical width 0.7 ×; length/apical width 0.3 ×; coarsely sculptured with longitudinal and transverse striae covering most of the surface, the posterior margin bordered by distinct, crenulated punctures. Mediotergite 3 about 1.5 × the length of mediotergite 2 and with some sculpture centrally in the anterior margin. Mediotergite 4 and following unsculptured, polished and uniformly covered by sparse setae. Hypopygium striate, with acute tip slightly protruding beyond apical tergites. Ovipositor sheaths fully setose, 1.0 × (0.9 –1.1×) as long as metatibia length.</p><p>Legs. Metatibial inner spur 1.4 × (1.4 –1.6×) the length of outer spur, and 0.6 × (0.5 –0.6×) the length of metatarsomere 1. Metafemur 3.0 × (3.0 –3.2×) as long as wide.</p><p>Wings. Forewing vein R1a 1.0 –1.1× as long as stigma length; length of R1a 6 –7.0× as long as the distance between its end and the end of 3RSb. Vein r 1.0 × (1.0 –1.1×) the maximum width of stigma. Join of veins r and 2RS angulated and with a small knob at their junction; vein 2M 0.8 × (0.7 –0.9×) as long as vein (RS+M)b. Edge of vannal lobe of hindwing medially straight to convex and glabrous.</p><p>Colour: Maxillary and labial palps, tegula, two first pairs of legs (except for coxae), and basal half of metafemur yellow; head, meso and metasoma dark-brown or black; wing base and all coxae brown; metafemur, apical half of metatibia and metatarsus yellowish- brown to orange-brown. Most of veins very light brown, almost hyaline; stigma light brown.</p><p>Male</p><p>As female except for longer flagellomere, antenna longer than body length, darker hind legs (with metafemur dark brown), and less transverse medio tergite 2 (which is almost quadrate and with striation arranged in a concentric way).</p><p>Distribution and biology.</p><p>The species is widely distributed in eastern Canada, where it has been reared from Choristoneura rosaceana .</p><p>Comments.</p><p>This species and the previous one ( Apanteles huberi) illustrate well the need for a review of what Fernández-Triana and Huber (2010) called "the Apanteles fumiferanae species-complex". It is becoming obvious that many species are hidden under that name, and a comprehensive approach combining detailed morphology, biology (especially verified host records) and molecular data will be required to unravel the rest of the species within that complex.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>I dedicate this species to Jennifer Read (CNC) to thank her for the many hours she spent taking photos for several projects we worked upon together; and as recognition for her superb photographic and editing skills.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D1CDD79E0662EA427504044EDA84EBEB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fernandez-Triana, Jose L.	Fernandez-Triana, Jose L. (2010): Eight new species and an annotated checklist of Microgastrinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) from Canada and Alaska. ZooKeys 63: 1-53, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.63.565, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.63.565
56FD2BA746713473BC3DB53D32CF8EF2.text	56FD2BA746713473BC3DB53D32CF8EF2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apanteles masmithi Fernandez-Triana	<div><p>Apanteles masmithi Fernandez-Triana sp. n. Figs 13, 14</p><p>Type locality.</p><p>Canada, Ontario, London, 42°59'1.32"N, 81°14'58.92"W.</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype. Female (CNC), with first label as follows: London, ON, 23.viii.1953, W.W. Judd, on Typha heads; second label (yellow) with a code: 54-B-4; third label with a provisional identification by Mason (1955); fourth label with Specimen ID: MIC 000048. CNC TYPE 23937.</p><p>Paratypes (CNC): 3 #F from London, ON, 23.viii.1953, W.W. Judd, on Typha heads, one of those specimens with a third label with Specimen IDs: MIC 000049; 5 #F, 6 #M from Digby, NS, 28.viii.1959, P.H.H. Gray, ex Limnaecia phragmitella, four of those specimens with a third label with Specimen IDs: MIC 000050, MIC 000051, MIC 000052 (3 #F), and MIC 000054 (1 #M); 5 #F, 1 #M from Lunenburg, NS, vi-vii.1969, B. Wright, ex Gelechidae larvae on cat-tail heads, two of those specimens with a third label with Specimen IDs: MIC 000053 (1 #F), and MIC 000057 (1 #M); 2 #F, 4 #M, Brighton, NS, P.H.H. Gray, ex. Limnaecia phragmitella and Dycimotomia julianalis, on Typha heads, two of those specimens with a third label with Specimen IDs: MIC 000055 and MIC 000056 (2 #M); 1 ♂, Leeds-Granville Co., forest, ix-x.2008, S. B. Peck. Specimen ID: CAM 0456.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>This species looks similar to Apanteles cockerelli Muesebeck, 1921; and it will run to that species in the available keys (e.g. Muesebeck 1921). It differs in the stigma colour in the fore wing (pale with only brown borders in Apanteles masmithi, completely brown in Apanteles cockerelli); the shape of vannal lobe in the hind wing (straight and with short setae medially in Apanteles masmithi, concave and glabrous in Apanteles cockerelli), and the relative length of the metatibial spurs (about the same length in Apanteles masmithi, the inner spur longer than the outer one in Apanteles cockerelli). The two species also have different geographic distribution, different host species, and differ in 14 base pairs within the barcoding region (more details below under the sections Molecular data, Distribution and biology and Comments).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Female</p><p>Antenna length 2.6 mm (2.1-2.5 mm), body length 3.7 mm (2.8-3.6 mm), forewing 3.5 mm (2.6-3.5 mm). Head with glossa bilobated and rather long. Face smooth, with very shallow punctures (separation between punctures larger than punctures diameter) and very sparse setae. Face width at antennal base/face width at clypeus edge: 1.1 ×; intertentorial pit distance/face width at clypeus edge: 0.6 ×; compound eye height/head height: 0.7 × (0.6 –0.7×); head height/width: 0.9 ×; face width at antennal base/head maximum width: 0.6 ×; malar space/basal width of mandible 1.7 × (1.3 –1.7×). Clypeus not much transverse, its width/height: 2.6 × . Length/width of flagellomeres: 1st (3.1 ×), 2nd (3.1 ×), 8th (2.3 ×), 14th (1.3 ×), 15th (1.0 ×). Length of flagellomere 2/flagellomere 14: 2.2 × . Ocelo-ocular distance/posterior ocelli diameter: 2.3 × (1.9 –2.3×); distance betwen posterior ocelli/ocelli diameter: 2.7 × (2.1 –2.7×).</p><p>Mesosoma. Pronotum very smooth and polished, laterally with dorsal and ventral grooves thin but deep and well defined. Mesoscutum mostly smooth, with shallow punctures (distance between punctures about its diameter), punctures a little closer and deeper in the posterior margin. Mesoscutum 1.2 × (1.1 –1.2×) wider than long. Mesoscutum and scutellum covered by sparse, silvered-coloured pilosity. Scutellum almost smooth, with very sparse (distance between punctures twice its diameter) and shallow punctures concentrated mostly on the margins. Scutellum length/width at base 1.1 × . Scutellar suture thin and shallow, with 16 (15-17) costulae. Posterior band of scutellum polished. Scutellar lateral face with the polished area triangular and about 4/5 the face height. Mesopleuron smooth and glabrous on most of its surface, with sparse setae and punctures (distance between punctures twice or more its diameter) only on the anterior and dorsal margins. Thin and shallow sulcus, with a few costulae, separating meso and metapleura. Metapleuron mostly smooth and polished, with setae and sparse punctures only dorsally and posteriorly along margins; metapleuron with a thin, longitudinal sulcus running from lower margin through spiracle. Metapleural carina with short lamella. Propodeum mostly smooth, with sparsely punctures in the anterior half and a few transverse striae in the apical half; propodeal areola absent but there is a short, postero-median longitudinal band of rugosity (consisting of several very short carinae radiating from nucha).</p><p>Metasoma. Mediotergite 1 arched and strongly narrowing toward apex, with a wide and deep basal depression; basal width/apical width 2.2 ×; length/apical width 2.3 (2.0 –2.3×); mediotergite 1 mostly smooth, polished and glabrous, with a few setae and elongated, longitudinal punctures postero-laterally. Mediotergite 2 smooth and polished, transverse, and wider centrally; basal width/apical width 1.0 × (0.9 –1.0×); length /apical width 0.5 × (0.3 –0.5×). Mediotergite 3 2.0 × (2.0 –2.5×) the length of mediotergite 2. Mediotergite 3 and following unsculptured, polished and uniformly covered by setae. Hypopygium striate, with acute tip protruding beyond apical tergites. Ovipositor sheaths fully setose, 1.9 × (1.8 –1.9×) as long as metatibia length.</p><p>Legs. Metatibial inner spur about the same length of outer spur, and 0.4 × (0.4 –0.5×) the length of metatarsomere 1. Metafemur 2.8 × as long as wide.</p><p>Wings. Forewing vein R1a 1.0 × as long as stigma length; length of R1a 5.0 × as long as the distance between its end and the end of 3RSb. Vein r 0.8 × the maximum width of stigma. Join of veins r and 2RS angulated and with a small know marking the angulation (sometimes only slightly angulated and then know very small to absent); vein 2M 0.6 × as long as vein (RS+M)b. Edge of vannal lobe of hindwing medially straight and with short setae that are slightly sparser than the rest of the lobe.</p><p>Colour: Mostly black to dark brown, except for: maxillary and labial palps (light brown to brown), wing base (light brown), profemur and part of most of all tibia and tarsi (light brown to yellow), meso and metatibial spurs (light yellow to witish). Wings hyaline, with most of veins transparent, except for C+Sc+R, R1, and occasionally r and 2RS which can be partially pigmented; stigma hyaline except for brownish borders.</p><p>Male</p><p>Similar to females but slightly smaller in size and with longer antennal segments (especially the apical ones). The maxillary and labial palpi tend to be yellow, and the legs tend to be darker (mostly black with less yellow areas). The mediotergite 1 is fully smooth and polished, and narrows stronger toward apex (being thinner compared to that of females). The wing veins are paler, of milky coloration, including the stigma (which brown borders are very thin, almost disappearing in some specimens).</p><p>Variation.</p><p>There is some variation in size among the different localities (it is shown in the description) and also the maxillary and labial palpi range from dark brown to yellow.</p><p>Molecular data.</p><p>Barcodesof 6 specimens of Apanteles masmithi and 3 of the related species Apanteles cockerelli were compared. Because all specimens but one were collected between 1951 and 1969 it was only possible to obtain mini-barcodes (144 bp). The only recent specimen (a paratype of Apanteles masmithi, collected in 2008) rendered a full barcode (657 bp) which fully matched the other specimens with mini-barcodes. The molecular results confirmed that they are indeed different species, with at least 14 (9.7%) of base pairs divergence (Fig. 22). Interestingly, specimens of Apanteles cockerelli within the US (from CA, MO and TX) seem to comprise more than one species -but that is beyond the geographical scope of the present work, thus they will be dealt with in a different paper.</p><p>Distribution and biology.</p><p>The species is widely distributed in Eastern Canada, where it has been recorded parasitizing Limnaecia phragmitella ( Gelechidae) on Typha spp. heads (cattail grass). Some paratypes from Nova Scotia had written on their labels that the host could also be Dycimotomia julianalis ( Pyralidae), also on cattail; however, this record needs to be confirmed. This is the first Microgastrinae (and Braconidae) species recorded as parasitoid of Limnaecia phragmitella .</p><p>Comments.</p><p>The specimens of Apanteles masmithi were identified by W. Mason as a different but related species to Apanteles cockerelli . The latter species has been recorded from US in the following ten states: CA, IA, ID, MI, MO, NE, NM, OR, SD, TX (Yu et al. 2005). The different host species ( Isophrictis sp. ( Gelechidae) for Apanteles cockerelli), 14 (9.7 %) of base pairs divergence within the barcoding region, and slight but consistent morphological differences, provide sufficient evidence to consider Apanteles masmithi as a distinct species.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>I dedicate this species, which DNA barcoding helped to recognize, to M. Alex Smith (University of Guelph) as an appreciation for the many parasitoid wasps he has helped to barcode, study and publish about; and also for sharing with me his superb knowledge on molecular approaches.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/56FD2BA746713473BC3DB53D32CF8EF2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fernandez-Triana, Jose L.	Fernandez-Triana, Jose L. (2010): Eight new species and an annotated checklist of Microgastrinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) from Canada and Alaska. ZooKeys 63: 1-53, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.63.565, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.63.565
D93D88D5562E33A34C92A6A8E7F508D6.text	D93D88D5562E33A34C92A6A8E7F508D6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apanteles roughleyi Fernandez-Triana	<div><p>Apanteles roughleyi Fernandez-Triana sp. n. Figs 58</p><p>Apanteles sp. near stagmatophorae. Fernández-Triana and Huber, 2010: 316. [Examined].</p><p>Type locality.</p><p>Canada, British Columbia, Mill Bay, 48°39'2"N, 123°33'33"W.</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype. Female (CNC), with first label with Specimen ID: CNCI JDR-specm 2009-463; second label with Forest Insect Survey number: 65.21.01A, and date: 22.iii.1965; third label as follows: Apanteles grandis [probably Abies grandis], Mill Bay, B.C.; fourth label: Ex? Choristoneura fumiferanae; fifth label with a provisional identification by Mason 1978. CNC TYPE 23938.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>This species looks similar to Apanteles stagmatophorae Gahan, 1919, and it will run to that species in the available keys (e.g. Muesebeck, 1921), but they differ in several characteristics. In Apanteles roughleyi the vannal lobe of hindwing is medially straight and glabrous (slightly convex to slightly straight but with uniform setae in Apanteles stagmatophorae), the ovipositor sheaths are longer (1.7 × compared to 1.2 ×), the metafemur is thinner (3.5 × as long as wide compared to 3.2 ×), and the propodeum is more sculptured (in Apanteles stagmatophorae the propodeum is mostly smooth, with very shallow and small punctures). The two species have a very separate distribution (BC in western Nearctic for Apanteles roughleyi; Maryland, in eastern Nearctic for Apanteles stagmatophorae). The known host are also from different families: Choristoneura sp., Tortricidae, for Apanteles roughleyi; Periploca gleditschiaeella (Chambers, 1876), Cosmopterigidae, for Apanteles stagmatophorae (more details below in the section Distribution and biology).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Female</p><p>Antenna broken, body length 3.3 mm, forewing 3.5 mm. Head with glossa truncate and short. Face with shallow punctures (separation between punctures about the same than punctures diameter) and uniformly distributed setae. Face width at antennal base/face width at clypeus edge: 1.0 ×; intertentorial pit distance/face width at clypeus edge: 0.5 ×; compound eye height/head height: 0.8 ×; head height/width: 0.8 ×; face width at antennal base/head maximum width: 0.7 ×; malar space/basal width of mandible 1.2 × . Clypeus transversely narrow, its width/height: 3.0 × . Length/width of flagellomeres: 1st (2.6 ×), 2nd (2.2 ×), 8th (2.3 ×), flagellomeres 12+ missing. Ocelo-ocular distance/posterior ocelli diameter: 2.0 ×; distance betwen posterior ocelli/ocelli diameter: 2.0 × .</p><p>Mesosoma. Pronotum laterally with dorsal and ventral grooves thin, but well defined and deep. Mesoscutum with very shallow and sparse punctures (distance between punctures 1.5 –2.0× its diameter). Mesoscutum 1.4 × wider than long. Mesoscutum uniformly covered by silvered-coloured pilosity; scutellum almost glabrous, with just a few setae on margins. Scutellum almost smooth, with very sparse, small and shallow punctures mostly on the center. Scutellum length/width at base 1.1 × . Scutellar suture very thin and shallow, with about 20 small and not well defined costulae. Posterior band of scutellum polished. Scutellar lateral face with polished area semicircular about 0.6 × the face height. Mesopleuron setose and with sparse punctures only on the anterior margin; the rest glabrous, smooth and polished. Thin, crenulated sulcus separating meso and metapleura. Metapleuron mostly smooth and polished, with setae and punctures only dorsally and ventrally along posterior margin; metapleuron with a thin sulcus running from lower margin near metacoxa through spiracle. Metapleural carina with a very short lamella. Propodeum mostly punctured, with a few striae postero-laterally; propodeal areola absent, but there is a central smooth area (contrasting with rest of the propodeum sculpture) and also there is a short, postero-median longitudinal band of rugosity (consisting of several short carinae radiating from nucha).</p><p>Metasoma. Mediotergite 1 narrowing towards apex; basal width/apical width 1.6 ×; length/apical width 1.9 ×; mediotergite 1 with smooth, basal depression; apical half coarsely punctured, except for a polished knob centrally in the apical margin. Mediotergite 2 transverse, trapezoidal in shape; basal width/apical width 0.5 ×; length/apical width 0.2 ×; sculptured with longitudinal striation and puntures covering most of the surface except the center. Mediotergite 3 1.6 × the length of mediotergite 2. Mediotergite 3 and following unsculptured, polished and uniformly covered by setae. Hypopygium striate, with an acute tip protruding well beyond the apical tergites. Ovipositor sheaths fully setose, 1.7 × as long as metatibia length.</p><p>Legs. Metatibial inner spur 1.1 × the length of outer spur, and 0.5 × the length of metatarsomere 1. Metafemur 3.5 × as long as wide.</p><p>Wings. Forewing vein R1a 1.3 × as long as stigma length; length of R1a 5.7 × as long as the distance between its end and the end of 3RSb. Vein r 1.0 × the maximum width of stigma. Join of veins r and 2RS slightly angulated; vein 2M 1.1 × as long as vein (RS+M)b. Edge of vannal lobe of hindwing medially straight and glabrous.</p><p>Colour: Mostly black to dark brown, except for: maxillary and labial palps (yellow); tegula and wing base (light brown); first two pairs of legs (yellow except for coxae which are partially light brown); hind legs (mostly yellow-brown, with metacoxa brown and dorsal brown marks on metafemur, metatibia and metatarsi). Wings hyaline, with most of veins brown, including stigma.</p><p>Male</p><p>Unknown.</p><p>Distribution and biology.</p><p>The host information ( Choristoneura fumiferana) was recorded originally in 1965, i.e., before Freeman (1967) split the genus Choristoneura and changed the species boundaries. The actual host is either Choristoneura occidentalis or Choristoneura pinus, but there is no way to determine which.</p><p>Comments.</p><p>The specimen bears a label by W. Mason, dated 1978, stating that it may actually be a new species related to Apanteles stagmatophorae . Comparison with two paratypes of the later species (housed in the CNC) confirms that the two species are distinct. In spite of the fact there is only one known specimen, the species is described to provide a name because of its potential economic importance ( Fernández-Triana and Huber 2010).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>I dedicate this species to the late Rob Rougley (University of Manitoba) who passed away when this paper was starting. We all miss you dear friend and colleague, but I am sure you should be chasing heavenly Ditiscidae beetles right now!</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D93D88D5562E33A34C92A6A8E7F508D6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fernandez-Triana, Jose L.	Fernandez-Triana, Jose L. (2010): Eight new species and an annotated checklist of Microgastrinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) from Canada and Alaska. ZooKeys 63: 1-53, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.63.565, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.63.565
6CAC4C39B5FC49FB50E1637D7225278E.text	6CAC4C39B5FC49FB50E1637D7225278E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apanteles samarshalli Fernandez-Triana	<div><p>Apanteles samarshalli Fernandez-Triana sp. n. Figs 9-12</p><p>Type locality.</p><p>United States, Florida, Monroe County, Key Largo, 25°5'11.4"N, 80°26'50.28"W.</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype. Female (CNC), with first label: FLA: Monroe Co., N. Key Largo, secondary hammock forest, iii-iv.1985; second label with Specimen ID: CNCH1234. CNC TYPE 23939.</p><p>Paratypes (CNC): 2 ♀ from N. Key Largo, Monroe Co., FL, secondary hammock forest, iii-iv.1985; 2 ♀ from Fat Deer Key, Monroe Co., FL, iii-iv.1985; 1 ♀ from Everglades National Park, Royal Palm Hammock, Monroe Co., FL, hammock forest, iii-iv.1985, S &amp; J. Peck; 2 ♀ from Archbold Biological Station, Highlands Co., FL, 26.iv.1967, B. V. Peterson; 1 ♀ from Rondeau Prov. Pk, ON, Mal. Trap, 19.viii-11.ix.1973.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Thus far this is the only Nearctic species of Apanteles with a significantly short antenna (half the body length); vein 2M very short, almost obliterating with vein 2RS; and antenna with yellow scape/pedicel and brown flagellomere. The combination of those characters makes Apanteles samarshalli one of the most distinctive and recognizable species within the genus.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Female</p><p>Antenna length 1.3 mm (1.3-1.5 mm), body length 2.6 mm (2.5-3.0 mm), forewing 2.3 mm (2.3-2.5 mm). Head with glossa truncate and short. Face with shallow punctures (separation between punctures about the same as its diameter). Face width at antennal base/face width at clypeus edge: 1.0 ×; intertentorial pit distance/face width at clypeus edge: 0.5 ×; compound eye height/head height: 0.7 ×; head height/width: 0.8 ×; face width at antennal base/head maximum width: 0.6 ×; malar space/basal width of mandible 1.0 × . Clypeus transverse, its width/height: 3.0 × . Length/width of flagellomeres: 1st (1.6 ×), 2nd (1.4 ×), 8th (0.8 ×), 14th (0.8 ×), 15th (0.9 ×). Length of flagellomere 2/flagellomere 14: 1.9 × . Ocelo-ocular distance/posterior ocelli diameter: 1.8 ×; distance betwen posterior ocelli/ocelli diameter: 1.9 × .</p><p>Mesosoma. Pronotum laterally with dorsal and ventral grooves well defined. Mesoscutum with coarse, close punctures (distance between punctures less than half its diameter). Mesoscutum 1.2 × (1.1 –1.2×) wider than long. Mesoscutum and scutellum covered by uniform, large, silvered-coloured pilosity. Scutellum almost smooth, with very shallow and sparse punctures in the margins. Scutellum length/width at base 0.8 × . Scutellar suture width 1/6 scutellum length, with 12-14 costulae. Posterior band of scutellum polished. Scutellar lateral face with the polished area triangular and about 4/5 the face height. Mesopleuron with close punctures and setae on the anterior half, smooth and glabrous on the posterior half. Thin and shallow sulcus, with fine costulae, separating meso and metapleura. Metapleuron mostly punctured and with setae, smooth, polished and glabrous only around the spiracle; metapleuron with a longitudinal sulcus running from ventral to dorsal margin of metapleuron through spiracle. Metapleural carina lamellate. Propodeum sculpture reticulate, postero-laterally with longitudinal striation; propodeal areola absent but there is a short, postero-median longitudinal band of rugosity (consisting of several short carinae radiating from nucha).</p><p>Metasoma. Mediotergite 1 evenly and slightly narrowing toward apex, with a wide and deep basal depression; basal width/apical width 1.4 ×; length/apical width 1.5; mediotergite 1 mostly sculptured (except for smooth basal depression and central knob on the posterior margin), with longitudinal striation on its apical 2/3. Mediotergite 2 smooth and polished, transverse, and wider centrally; basal width/apical width 0.8 ×; length/apical width 0.3 × . Mediotergite 3 2.0 –2.5× the length of mediotergite 2. Mediotergite 3 and following unsculptured, polished and covered by sparse setae on the posterior margins. Hypopygium striate, with acute tip slightly protruding beyond apical tergites. Ovipositor sheaths fully setose, short, 0.6 × as long as metatibia length.</p><p>Legs. Metatibial inner spur 1.3 × the length of outer spur, and 0.5 × the length of metatarsomere 1. Metafemur 2.7 × as long as wide.</p><p>Wings. Forewing vein R1a 1.3 × (1.2 –1.5×) as long as stigma length; length of R1a 4.0 × (4.0 –5.0×) as long as the distance between its end and the end of 3RSb. Vein r about the same length than maximum width of stigma. Join of veins r and 2RS evenly curved, not angulated; vein 2M very short, almost obliterating with 2RS, length of 2M 0.3 × as long as vein (RS+M)b. Edge of vannal lobe of hindwing medially strongly concave and glabrous.</p><p>Colour: Body black; antenna flagellomere, metacoxa, most of the metafemur and apical ¼ of metatibia brown; mandibles, labrum, maxillary and labial palps, scape, upper corner of pronotum, tegula and laterotergites 1-3, yellow. Wings hyaline, with most of veins brown pigmented; stigma brown with a minute pale spot basally.</p><p>Male</p><p>Unknown.</p><p>Molecular data.</p><p>From all specimens studied, only the holotype rendered a partial sequence (390 bp, approximately 60% of the barcoding region). The specimen matches almost perfectly (99.96%) a Costa Rican species named as Apanteles Rodriguez151 (Smith et al. 2008).</p><p>Distribution and biology.</p><p>The species has been found from the southwestern part of ON (Rondeau Provincial Park, 42°N) to about 25°N in FL (Everglades National Park and Florida Keys). None is know of its host, but most of the specimens have been collected in hammock forests.</p><p>Comments.</p><p>Despite the two widely separate areas of distribution (ON and FL), I have not been able to find any difference between the Canadian and US specimens; thus they are considered as conspecific here. As for the relation with Apanteles Rodriguez151, I have not been able to examine specimens of the latter. If proven con-specific, it would be even more puzzling to explain the distribution of the species. All of those areas share in common the presence of oaks, but the data available is not enough as to draw any solid conclusion at present.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>I dedicate this species to a great friend and entomologist, Steve A. Marshall (University of Guelph). I hope you have many more collecting and photography trips in the near future!</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6CAC4C39B5FC49FB50E1637D7225278E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fernandez-Triana, Jose L.	Fernandez-Triana, Jose L. (2010): Eight new species and an annotated checklist of Microgastrinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) from Canada and Alaska. ZooKeys 63: 1-53, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.63.565, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.63.565
42D0A4420F2F8F63571E3C08825CCB4B.text	42D0A4420F2F8F63571E3C08825CCB4B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Distatrix carolinae Fernandez-Triana	<div><p>Distatrix carolinae Fernandez-Triana sp. n. Figs 15, 16</p><p>Type locality.</p><p>Canada, Quebec, Gatineau, 45°29'16"N, 75°51'52"W.</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype. Female (CNC), with label as follows: Summit King Mtn. Old Chelsea, QUE, 26.vi.77, M. Sandborne. CNC TYPE 23940.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>This species is very similar to Distatrix solanae Whitfield, 1996, the other known Nearctic species. They differ slightly in body coloration (meso and metasoma mostly dark brown in Distatrix carolinae, mostly honey-orange in Distatrix solanae), length/width of flagellomere 2 and 14 (2.9 × and 3.3 × for Distatrix carolinae and 3.7 × and 3.8 × for Distatrix solanae respectively) and a longer inner metatibial spur compared to the outer one (1.5 × in Distatrix carolinae, 1.2 × in Distatrix solanae). The raised medial region of mediotergite 2 is delimited by divergent grooves that fade posteriorly in Distatrix solanae while the grooves are more or less parallel and not fading posteriorly in Distatrix carolinae .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Female</p><p>Antenna length 3.5 mm; body length 3.2 mm; forewing length 3.7 mm. Head with glossa truncate and short, maxillary and labial palps light yellow. Face with shallow and sparse punctures and uniformly distributed setae. Face width at antennal base/face width at clypeus edge: 1.1 ×; intertentorial pit distance/face width at clypeus edge: 0.7 ×; compound eye height/head height: 0.8 ×; head height/width: 0.8 ×; face width at antennal base/head maximum width: 0.4 ×; malar space/basal width of mandible 1.3 × . Clypeus transversely narrow, its width/height: 4.6 × . Length/width of flagellomeres: 1st (3.0 ×), 2nd (2.9 ×), 3rd (3.0 ×), 8th (3.0 ×), 14th (3.3 ×), 15th (3.0 ×), 16th (3.2 ×). Ocelo-ocular distance/posterior ocelli diameter: 0.4 ×; distance betwen posterior ocelli/ocelli diameter: 0.8 × .</p><p>Mesosoma. Pronotum with ventral groove present, dorsal one almost obliterated. Mesoscutum with shallow, sparse punctures (distance between punctures about the same as its diameter); punctures almost disappearing in the notauli and posterior area of mesoscutum. Notauli not impressed, visible only because of the contrast of different coloration and smoother area than most of the mesoscutum. Mesoscutum 1.3 × wider than long. Mesoscutum and scutellum uniformly covered by dense, silvered-coloured pilosity. Scutellum almost completely smooth. Scutellum length/width at base 1.2 × . Scutellar suture shallow and thin with 8-9 costulae some of them confluent. Posterior band of scutellum polished. Scutellar lateral face with polished area about 1/3 the face height. Mesopleura smooth and glabrous, except for a few punctures and setae on the margins; sternaulus marked by a shallow impression with transverse striae. Crenulated sulcus separating meso and metapleura. Metapleura smooth in basal half, apical half punctuated and with setae; metapleura with a crenulated, longitudinal sulcus running from lower margin near the metacoxa through the spiracle. Metapleural carina with lamella. Propodeum weakly punctuate, almost smooth; propodeal areola absent but there is a short, postero-median longitudinal band of rugosity (consisting of several short carinae radiating from nucha).</p><p>Metasoma . Mediotergite 1 parallel sided for over 3/4 of its length, then slightly narrowing towards apex where it is rounded at posterior end; basal width/apical width 1.8 ×; length/apical width 3.6 ×; mediotergite 1 essentially unscultured except postero-laterally near apical margin; with broad excavation medially over anterior half. Mediotergite 2 subtriangular but with lateral margins weakly defined; basal width/apical width 0.3 ×; length/apical width 0.5 ×; essentially smooth, with fine, longitudinal grooves sublaterally, delimiting a central, raised region that is more or less rectangular in shape. Mediotergite 3 1.2 × longer than mediotergite 2. Mediotergite 3 and following unsculptured, polished and with sparse setae. Hypopygium evenly sclerotized, truncated and slightly longer than apical tergites. Ovipositor sheaths very short (visible part 1/10 the length of metatibia), the tip blunt and with very sparse, tiny setae (those setae much shorter than hypopygium pilosity).</p><p>Legs . Metatibial inner spur 1.5 × the length of outer spur, and 0.7 × the length of metatarsomere 1. Metafemur 3.6 × as long as wide. Protarsus with Protapanteles-like spine. Tarsal claws basally with a large lobe that extends more than half the claw length.</p><p>Wings. Fore wing vein R1a as long as stigma length; length of R1a about 5.0 × as long as the distance between its end and the end of 3RSb. Vein r 0.8 × the maximum width of stigma. Vein r meeting 2RS in a distinct angle marked by a knob. Vein 2M about the same length that vein (RS+M)b. Hindwing with margin of vannal lobe medially straight and without setae in the flat area.</p><p>Colour: Maxillary and labial palps, labrum, mandibles, scape, pedicel, tegula, wing base, all legs (except for metatibia apex which is darker), medio tergite 1 and most of sternite yellow. Flagellomere light brown; clypeus orange-brown. Mesosoma dark brown, except for most of propleura and pronotum, notauli, lateral margins and apical 1/4 of mesoscutum which are honey-orange. Head brownish-black. Rest of metasoma brown. Stigma and veins in forewing brown.</p><p>Distribution and biology.</p><p>This species represents the northernmost record of the genus. Nothing is known of its biology.</p><p>Comments.</p><p>Based on morphology only, the limits between Distatrix carolinae and Distatrix solanae seem weak; however, morphological similarities are common within this genus. For example: Distatrix solanae shares a number of characteristics with Neotropical species (see Grinter et al. 2009). I consider the Canadian specimen as a new and distinct species based on the major differences within the localities and habitats ( California’s inner Coast Range and Oregon Cascade Mountains for Distatrix solanae; King Mountain in Gatineau Park, Quebec, for Distatrix carolinae). In the CNC there are several specimens representing at least another undescribed species from the Nearctic (southern and eastern US); the study of those specimen will clarify in time the limits of the North America species.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>I dedicate this species to Caroline Boudreault (CNC), who likes so much to ski and enjoy the Gatineau Park. Your friendship, advices and jokes are always a great encouragement!</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/42D0A4420F2F8F63571E3C08825CCB4B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fernandez-Triana, Jose L.	Fernandez-Triana, Jose L. (2010): Eight new species and an annotated checklist of Microgastrinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) from Canada and Alaska. ZooKeys 63: 1-53, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.63.565, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.63.565
B85F2EE14EA6730326B06355B3C8A3D7.text	B85F2EE14EA6730326B06355B3C8A3D7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudapanteles gouleti Fernandez-Triana	<div><p>Pseudapanteles gouleti Fernandez-Triana sp. n. Figs 17-18</p><p>Type locality.</p><p>Canada, Ontario, Ottawa, 45°21.365'N, 75°42.416'W.</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype. Female (CNC), with labels as follows: CANADA: ON, Ottawa, 45°21.365'N, 75°42.416'W, 13-23.vii.2007, H. Goulet, malaise trap, city garden; second label with Specimen ID: CAM 0253. CNC TYPE 23941.</p><p>Paratypes (CNC): 1 ♀ and 6 ♂ same data than holotype except for collecting dates as follow: 13-23.vii.2007 (2 ♂), 30.vii-10.viii.2007 (3 ♂), 10.viii-1.ix.2007 (1 ♀, 1♂) [Specimens ID: CAM 0251, 0252, 0254-0258]; 1 ♀ Quebec, Hull, Malaise Trap, 10.viii.1965; 5 ♂ Quebec, Hull, Malaise Trap, 31.viii.1965; 2 ♀ Quebec, Old Chelsea, Summit King Mountain, 350 m, 22 and 27.viii.1965; 1 ♀ Ontario, Twp. Nepean, 25.viii.1949, H. A. Tripp col., reared from an immature case of Paraclemensia acerifoliella collected 10.v.1949; 1 ♀ Ontario, St. Lawrence Islands National Park, McDonald Island, 5.viii.1976; 4 ♂ Ontario, St. Lawrence Islands National Park, Thwartway Island, 1.viii.1976 (1 ♂), 2.viii.1976 (2 ♂), 12.ix.1976 (1 ♂); 1 ♀ Ontario, Innisville, 6.viii.1963, W. R. Mason.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Pseudapanteles gouleti is recognized by its more sculptured propodeum, with transverse carination all over its surface in addition to the median carina (the rest of the Nearctic species have the propodeum mostly smooth with only a median carina and at most a few, small transverse ridges radiating from base of median carina); the uniformly brown veins and stigma in the forewing (veins mostly hyaline and stigma hyaline centrally with margins light brown in the other species); mediotergite 1 fully sculptured, its basal 0.6 parallel-sided and then narrowing towards apex, its basal width about 1.2 –1.3× its apical width (mediotergite 1 partially or fully smooth; barrel-shaped in Pseudapanteles nigrovariatus and Pseudapanteles sesiae or strongly narrowing from base to apex in Pseudapanteles dignus).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Female</p><p>Antenna length 2.2 mm (2.0-2.2 mm), slightly shorter than body length (2.6 mm, range: 2.2-2.7 mm) and forewing (2.7 mm, range: 2.3-2.7 mm). Head with glossa bilobate and long. Face with shallow and sparse punctures and sparse, uniformly distributed setae. Face width at antennal base/face width at clypeus edge: 1.2 ×; intertentorial pit distance/face width at clypeus edge: 0.5 ×; compound eye height/head height: 0.7 ×; head height/width: 0.9 ×; face width at antennal base/head maximum width: 0.6 ×; malar space/basal width of mandible 1.1 × . Clypeus transversely narrow, its width/height: 4.5 × . Length/width of flagellomeres: 1st (2.3 ×), 2nd (2.7 ×), 3rd (2.3 ×), 8th (2.0 ×), 14th (1.0 ×), 15th (1.0 ×), 16th (1.0 ×). Ocelo-ocular distance/posterior ocelli diameter: 2.5 ×; distance betwen posterior ocelli/ocelli diameter: 1.6 × .</p><p>Mesosoma. Pronotum XX. Mesoscutum uniformly sculptured by dense and well impressed punctures (distance between punctures about half their diameter). Mesoscutum 1.5 × wider than long. Mesoscutum and scutellum uniformly covered by dense, silvered-coloured pilosity. Scutellum similarly sculptured than mesoscutum, though punctures slightly shallower and sparser. Scutellum length/width at base 1.2 × . Scutellar suture thin and shallow, with 8-9 costulae. Posterior band of scutellum polished. Scutellar lateral face with polished area about 1/2 the face height. Except for a few punctures on the upper anterior margin, mesopleuron smooth and glabrous, setae over all of mesopleuron margins. Crenulated sulcus separating meso and metapleura. Metapleuron smooth in basal half, apical half punctate and with setae, metapleuron with a crenulated, longitudinal sulcus running from lower margin near metacoxa through spiracle. Metapleural carina with short lamella. Propodeum with median carina well defined and raised over its entire length; propodeum fully sculptured with transverse carinae, some radiating from the median carina.</p><p>Metasoma. Mediotergite 1 parallel sided for the basal 0.6 × of its length, then narrowing towards apex, basal width/apical width 1.3 × (1.2 –1.3×); length/apical width 3.1 ×; mediotergite 1 with deep medial groove over its basal half, fully sculptured with longitudinal to transverse striae (except for a very small basal area surrounding the beginning of the groove and a small, polished apical knob). Mediotergite 2 transverse, subtriangular to trapezoidal in shape; basal width/apical width 0.4 ×; length/apical width 0.4 ×; fine, longitudinal striae covering most of the surface (sometimes apical third smooth). Mediotergite 3 more than twice the length of mediotergite 2. Mediotergite 3 and following unsculptured, polished and uniformly covered by sparse setae. Hypopygium striate, with acute tip protruding beyond apical tergites. Ovipositor sheaths fully setose, 1.0 –1.2× as long as metatibia length.</p><p>Legs. Metatibial inner spur 1.4 × the length of outer spur, and 0.47 × the length of metatarsomere 1. Metafemur 3.2 –3.5× as long as wide.</p><p>Wings. Vein R1a 1.2 –1.3× as long as stigma length. Length of R1a about 6.0 × as long as the distance between its end and the end of 3RSb. Vein r X the maximum width of stigma. Vein r and 2RS evenly curved to very slightly arched, with no clear limits between the two veins. Vein 2M about twice as long as vein (RS+M)b. Edge of vannal lobe of hindwing medially straight to slightly convex and with uniform length setae shorter than those at base and apex of lobe.</p><p>Colour: Labrum, mandibles (except for black tips), scape and pedicel yellow; maxillary and labial palps light yellow; clypeus orange-brown; rest of antenna and head brown. Mesosoma, basal half of metacoxa and mediotergite 1 dark brown to black; mediotergite 2 completely, mediotergite 3 and following centrally, apical half of metacoxae dorsally, metatarsi and apex of metatibia, light brown; tegula, rest of legs, tergites 3 and following laterally, and all sterna, yellow to light yellow almost white; stigma and veins in forewing brown.</p><p>Male</p><p>Males have mediotergite 3 and following almost completely brown, clypeus, scape and pedicel darker, and metacoxa fully brown. The flagellomeres are longer than those of females.</p><p>Variation.</p><p>Some specimens have lighter body coloration.</p><p>Molecular data.</p><p>Eleven specimens rendered full barcodes, with four haplotypes showing up to 0.3% of variation (1-2 bp). Those specimens were compared with one unauthenticated specimen of Pseudapanteles dignus, the only Nearctic species with data available in GenBank. Pseudapanteles gouleti is very distinctive, with more than 18% of base pairs different from the other species (Fig. 23).</p><p>Distribution and biology.</p><p>All specimens have been collected in an area bounded by the St Lawrence and Ottawa rivers (44 º-46º N and 74 º-75º W) near Canada’s capital. This is the northernmost known record of the genus Pseudapanteles . I studied 8 ♀ and 15 ♂ captured between mid July to mid September. One specimen was reared from the Maple Leafcutter, Paraclemensia acerifoliella (Fitch, 1856) ( Incurvariidae). This is the third record of Braconidae parasitizing an incurvariid Lepidoptera; the other two being another Microgastrinae, Pholetesor ornigis (Weed, 1887), and a Braconinae, Bracon montowesei (Viereck, 1917); in all cases attacking the same incurvariid species (Marsh 1979; Yu et al. 2005; Whitfield 2006).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>I dedicate this species to Henri Goulet (CNC) in whose backyard (a biodiversity gem in Ottawa, fondly called by CNC researchers as "Goulet National Park") the holotype and several paratypes were collected. Henri wisely encouraged me to study the Microgastrinae and during four years has kindly given me access to his lab, collections and great expertise on many insect topics.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B85F2EE14EA6730326B06355B3C8A3D7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fernandez-Triana, Jose L.	Fernandez-Triana, Jose L. (2010): Eight new species and an annotated checklist of Microgastrinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) from Canada and Alaska. ZooKeys 63: 1-53, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.63.565, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.63.565
E81DCD0D9A163DF7AF806A6EE01067D6.text	E81DCD0D9A163DF7AF806A6EE01067D6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Venanus heberti Fernandez-Triana	<div><p>Venanus heberti Fernandez-Triana sp. n. Figs 19, 20</p><p>Venanus pinicola Mason, 1981: 95 (in part). [Examined].</p><p>Type locality.</p><p>Canada, Prince Edward Island, Blooming Point, 46°24.486'N, 62°57.062'W.</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype. Male (CNC), with labels as follows: CANADA: PEI, Blooming Point, 46°24.486'N, 62°57.062'W, 23.vii.2008, fallow field, 6m, Goulet, Boudreault &amp; Badiss, sweeping, #16. Second label with Specimen ID: MIC 000476. CNC TYPE 23942.</p><p>Paratypes (CNC): 1 ♀ Annapolis Royal, NS, 7.ix.1945, J. McDunnough, ex Microlep. on Gaylussacia; 2 ♂ same data than holotype (Specimen ID: MIC 000474 and MIC 000475); 1 ♂ Bridgetown, NS, 2.ix.12, JES; 1♂ Sable Island, NS, 11-15.ix.1967, W.R.M. Mason; 1 ♂ Halifax, NS, 15.viii.1954, J. McDunnough, ex Caloptilia asplenifoliella; 1 ♂ Knowlton, QC, 19.viii.1929, G. S. Walley, ex larva on Myrica; 1 ♂ Kazabazua, QC, 19.viii.1933, G. S. Walley, ex larva on blueberry.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Venanus heberti is similar to Venanus pinicola Mason, 1981, and will run to that species in the recent key to the New World species (Whitfield et al. in press). Venanus pinicola is smaller (females: 1.6-1.9 mm, average=1.7 mm, N=8; males 1.7-2.4 mm, average=2.0 mm, N=5) than Venanus heberti (female: 2.2 mm; males: 2.0-2.4 mm, average=2.2, N=8). The size (width and height) of the second submarginal cell in the fore wing (compared to the length of vein r, the width and the length of stigma) is smaller in Venanus pinicola -usually the values represent 0.6-0.8 of similar proportions for Venanus heberti . The males of Venanus pinicola have its veins mostly pigmented (as have the females of both species), contrasting with mostly unpigmented veins in males of Venanus heberti . The two species have different geographical distributions: Venanus pinicola in west Canada/US (AB, BC, YT and ID) and Venanus heberti in Eastern Canada. The known hosts are different: the Gelechids Coleotechnites milleri (Busck, 1914) and Coleotechnites starki (Freeman, 1957) for Venanus pinicola; and the Gracillarid Caloptilia asplenifoliella (Darlington, 1949) for Venanus heberti . The two species also differ in 12 base pairs of the barcode region (more details below under the sections Molecular data, Distribution and biology and Comments).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male</p><p>Antenna length 2.4 mm (1.9-2.4 mm), body length 2.4 mm (2.0-2.4 mm), forewing 2.1 mm (2.0-2.2 mm). Head with glossa truncate and short. Face smooth, with shallow punctures (separation between punctures larger than punctures diameter) and sparse, uniformly distributed setae. Face width at antennal base/face width at clypeus edge: 1.1 ×; intertentorial pit distance/face width at clypeus edge: 0.5 ×; compound eye height/head height: 0.7 ×; head height/width: 0.7 ×; face width at antennal base/head maximum width: 0.6 ×; malar space/basal width of mandible 1.0 × . Clypeus transverse, its width/height: 3.6 × . Ocelo-ocular distance/posterior ocelli diameter: 2.0 × (2.0 –2.4×); distance betwen posterior ocelli/ocelli diameter: 2.0 × .</p><p>Mesosoma. Pronotum very smooth and polished, laterally with only the ventral groove well defined. Mesoscutum mostly smooth, with shallow but close punctures (distance between punctures 0.5-0.7 its diameter), punctures a sparser centrally along the posterior margin. Mesoscutum 1.2 × (1.1 –1.2×) wider than long. Mesoscutum and scutellum covered by sparse, silvered-coloured pilosity (sparser in the scutellum). Scutellum mostly smooth, with a few, shallow, very sparse punctures. Scutellum length/width at base 1.0 × . Scutellar suture width 1/7 scutellum length, with 16 costulae not very well defined. Posterior band of scutellum polished. Scutellar lateral face with the polished area semicircular, 0.3 –0.4× the face height. Mesopleuron smooth and glabrous on most of its surface, with sparse setae and punctures (distance between punctures usually twice or more its diameter) only on the anterior, ventral and posterior margins . Deep sulcus, with costulae, separating meso and metapleura. Metapleuron setose and punctured along anterior and ventral margins; lower ¼ of metapleuron rugulose, and with a broad, crenulated sulcus running from lower margin through spiracle. Metapleural carina lamellate and with costulae. Propodeum mostly rugulose, especially on the apical third (which is concave and delimited from the rest of the propodeum by a vague transverse carina); an obscure longitudinal carinae running centrally from base of propodeum until it reaches the transverse carina; transverse carina intersected posteriorly by several longitudinal, arched ridges radiating from nucha.</p><p>Metasoma. Mediotergite 1 widened and rounded apically, with its widest part subapically; basal width/apical width 0.9 ×; length/apical width 1.5; mediotergite 1 rugulose, apical ¼ with longitudinal striation laterally and two pits at each side of a central, polished area (like a knob) that reaches the posterior margin of tergite. Mediotergite 2 trapezoidal in shape, centrally smooth and polished, laterally rugulose; basal width/apical width 0.6 ×; length/apical width 0.6 × . Mediotergite 3 twice the length of mediotergite 2. Mediotergite 3 and following unsculptured, polished and with few, sparse setae mostly along the posterior margin of tergites.</p><p>Legs. Metatibial inner spur 1.2 × the length of outer spur, and 0.6 × the length of metatarsomere 1. Metafemur 2.7 × as long as wide.</p><p>Wings. Forewing vein R1a 0.7 × as long as stigma length; length of R1a 2.7 × as long as the distance between its end and the end of 3RSb. Vein r 0.6 × (0.6 –0.7×) the maximum width of stigma. Second submarginal cell height about the same length (or slightly smaller or larger) than vein r length; vein 2M 3.0 × as long as vein (RS+M)b and 0.25 –0.33× the stigma length. Edge of vannal lobe of hindwing covex and uniformly setose.</p><p>Colour: Mostly black to dark brown; pro- and meso- tibiae and tarsi yellowish brown, as it is apical 0.2 × of metatibia, metatibial spurs, maxillary and labial palps. Wings hyaline, with most of veins transparent or whitish, except for C+Sc+R, R1, and 2M can be partially or totally pigmented; stigma brwon.</p><p>Female</p><p>Similar to male but with antenna (~1.0 mm) much shorter than body length (2.2 mm) and fore wing (2.0 mm). Antenna with a single row of placodes. Length/width of flagellomeres: 1st (1.6 ×), 2nd (1.1 ×), 8th (1.1 ×), 14th (1.2 ×), 15th (1.3 ×). Length of flagellomere 2/flagellomere 14: 1.2 × . Fore wing with most veins slightly pigmented (light brown in colour), and with larger and taller second submarginall cell (length of vein 2M half the stigma length, vein 2M almost twice the length of vein r). Metafemur thicker, 2.1 × as long as wide. Hypopygium not folded nor striate, with slightly pointed tip not protruding beyond apical tergites. Ovipositor sheaths barely exerted from hypopygium, 0.1 × as long as metatibia length; with sparse and minute setae.</p><p>Molecular data.</p><p>Full barcodesof 3 specimens of Venanus heberti and one specimen of the related species Venanus pinicola were obtained and compared (Fig. 24). The molecular data showed 12 (1.86 %) base pairs of difference between the two species.</p><p>Distribution and biology.</p><p>The species is widely distributed in Eastern Canada (QC, NS, PE), where it has been realibly reared from Gracillaria asplenifoliella . In the CNC there is one specimen of Venanus heberti from BC with a label stating it was reared from Caloptilia invariabilis (Braun, 1927). This has to be a labelling mistake because Coleotechnites invariabilis is only known from Eastern Canada (NS, ON, QC) and US, but has never been recorded from western Nearctic (De Prins and De Prins 2010).</p><p>Comments.</p><p>When Mason (1981) described Venanus pinicola he mentioned some variations in the specimens from Eastern Canada compared to the West, but considered that as intraspecific variation. The consistent, though subtle, morphological and molecular differences; different geographical distribution and hosts provide sufficient evidence to consider them as distinct species. Because of the similarities between the two species, four former paratypes of Venanus pinicola (in the CNC) are here transferred as paratypes of Venanus heberti .</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>I dedicate this species, recognized after DNA barcoding provided a first clue, to Paul Hebert (University of Guelph), as an appreciation for his support; and also for allowing the gathering of thousand of Microgastrinae barcodes -which will hopefully contribute in a significant way to the taxonomy of such a difficult and diverse group.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E81DCD0D9A163DF7AF806A6EE01067D6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fernandez-Triana, Jose L.	Fernandez-Triana, Jose L. (2010): Eight new species and an annotated checklist of Microgastrinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) from Canada and Alaska. ZooKeys 63: 1-53, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.63.565, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.63.565
