identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03B687833140FFB0FF0F7B63FDB6FCD8.text	03B687833140FFB0FF0F7B63FDB6FCD8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Myopopone castanea (Smith 1860)	<div><p>Myopopone castanea (Smith, 1860)</p><p>Material examined. University Campus (Bukit Timah), Oct 1970, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _ HYM_0000266; Mandai forest, 7 Jun 2018, W. Wang leg., hand collection (night), ZRC _ ENT00007262 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. ANIC 32- 026171 - 026172, RWTacc.68.67 (ANIC).</p><p>Literature. Yong et al. (2017).</p><p>Localities: Mandai forest; Pulau Ubin; University Campus (Bukit Timah).</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was found in disturbed secondary forest or such forest fragments in semi-urban settings, sometimes in soil at the bases of large trees.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833140FFB0FF0F7B63FDB6FCD8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833140FFB0FF0F7943FEBFFB57.text	03B687833140FFB0FF0F7943FEBFFB57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mystrium camillae Emery 1889	<div><p>Mystrium camillae Emery, 1889</p><p>Material examined. Mandai Road, 8 Jun 2017, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _ ENT00000924 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. CASENT0172325, ANTC6550 (ANIC).</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Mandai Road – 12.5-mile Mandai Road, near Bukit Mandai.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Found in secondary forest bush litter.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833140FFB0FF0F7943FEBFFB57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833140FFB0FF0F7EFCFC2EFE37.text	03B687833140FFB0FF0F7EFCFC2EFE37.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Prionopelta kraepelini Forel 1905	<div><p>Prionopelta kraepelini Forel, 1905</p><p>Material examined. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.778694&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.292389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.778694/lat 1.292389)">Males</a>, Prince George’s Park Residences (NUS), 1.292389°N, 103.778694°E, 3-10 Jun 2015, M.S. Foo and W. Wang leg., malaise trap, ZRC _ BDP0041602, 46318 ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.73053&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.4461945" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.73053/lat 1.4461945)">Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve</a>, 1°26’46.3”N 103°43’49.9”E, 7-14 Nov 2012, J. Puniamoorthy et al. leg., malaise trap, ZRC _ BDP0017406 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Wang et al. (2018a).</p><p>Localities. Prince George’s Park Residences (National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge campus); Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was collected from disturbed secondary forest fragments in urban or semi-urban settings, and also mangroves.</p><p>Remarks. This species was identified primarily from males collected via malaise traps. Considering the hypogaeic nature of P. kraepelini, it is unlikely that the species nests in actual mangroves – the tidal zone that undergoes periodic inundation. Winged males collected from mangrove malaise traps may have originated from drier grounds in adjacent back mangroves.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833140FFB0FF0F7EFCFC2EFE37	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833140FFB0FD737823FBFEFA98.text	03B687833140FFB0FD737823FBFEFA98.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stigmatomma besucheti (Baroni Urbani 1978)	<div><p>Stigmatomma besucheti (Baroni Urbani, 1978)</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. ANIC 32- 016286-16287(ANIC); CASENT0172194, ANTC6446 (CASC); CASENT0195513, ANIC 32016287 (CASC – current repository).</p><p>Literature. Esteves &amp; Fisher (2016).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve (BTNR); University Campus (Bukit Timah).</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Found in Imperata grassland; also in degraded coastal hill forest on granite (i.e., BTNR).</p><p>Remarks. This species has not been recorded from anywhere outside the Malagasy region except for Singapore. The type series was collected in Seychelles, specifically from La Digue island in 1975, possibly from soil samples (Esteves &amp; Fisher 2016). Morphological differences have been noted between specimens from Seychelles and Singapore, but because of inadequate material to ascertain character variation, these specimens were tentatively considered conspecific (Esteves &amp; Fisher 2016). It is quite possible that S. besucheti may be more widespread outside the Malagasy region, but is rarely collected and/or identified because of its elusive hypogaeic nature.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833140FFB0FD737823FBFEFA98	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833140FFB3FD737F83FD6DFE18.text	03B687833140FFB3FD737F83FD6DFE18.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stigmatomma reclinatum (Mayr 1879)	<div><p>Stigmatomma reclinatum (Mayr, 1879)</p><p>Material examined. Locality and collection date unavailable, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _ HYM_0000265; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.77995&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.35284" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.77995/lat 1.35284)">Bukit Timah Nature Reserve</a>, BT 06, 1.35284N, 103.77995E, 11 Jan 2017, W. Wang leg., ZRC _HYM_0000571; Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, 1 May 2015, W. Wang leg., ZRC _HYM_0000572; Central Catchment Nature Reserve, 10 Aug 2011, E.J.Y. Soh leg., Gangsa 1, ZRC _HYM_0001751 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Male, CASENT0172223, ANTC6464 (ANIC).</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; Central Catchment Nature Reserve; University of Malaya (now known as the Bukit Timah campus of the National University of Singapore).</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was found mainly in primary or old/mature secondary forest, usually in leaf litter or soil at bases of trees.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833140FFB3FD737F83FD6DFE18	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833143FFB3FF67787CFECEFBF7.text	03B687833143FFB3FF67787CFECEFBF7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chronoxenus dalyi (Forel 1895)	<div><p>Chronoxenus dalyi (Forel, 1895)</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916), Overbeck (1924) [both as ‘ Bothriomyrmex wroughtoni subsp. dalyi ’].</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Road</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was found in a garden, specifically at the foot of a hollow tree, in passages like those made by termites.</p><p>Remarks. This species is only known from Singapore based on literature records at the time of writing.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833143FFB3FF67787CFECEFBF7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833143FFB3FF677E1CFC00FCF7.text	03B687833143FFB3FF677E1CFC00FCF7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chronoxenus wroughtonii (Forel 1895)	<div><p>Chronoxenus wroughtonii (Forel, 1895)</p><p>Material examined. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.7628&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.2012501" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.7628/lat 1.2012501)">Alate</a> queens, Pulau Semakau, 1°12’04.5”N 103°45’46.1”E, SMN2, 17-24 Oct 2013, J. Puniamoorthy et al. leg., malaise trap, ZRC _ BDP0015382 ; same locality as previous, 15-22 Nov 2012, J. Puniamoorthy et al. leg., malaise trap, ZRC _ BDP0017738; along Mandai Road, ex. Manis javanica, 12 Jun 1985, collector unknown, ZRC _ ENT00007307 [ Chronoxenus sp.1 .of. SKY]; locality unknown, 14 Apr 1993, Sk. Yamane leg. (SKYC) .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Mandai Road; Pulau Semakau.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Individual workers were found in Manis javanica (pangolin) stomach contents – the pangolin was roadkill found on Mandai Road. Exact origins of these C. wroughtonii specimens could not therefore be verified, but might be postulated to be secondary forest distributed along Mandai Road. Alate queens were also collected in replanted mangrove forest on an offshore island landfill.</p><p>Remarks. Chronoxenus wroughtonii is currently known from Central, South and East Asia, and parts of Southeast Asia including the Philippines, while its subspecies – C. wroughtonii javanus (Forel, 1909), is known only from Indonesia (Java) (antmaps.org - accessed Jan 2022; Janicki et al. 2016). We compared the specimens with type images of both species and subspecies on AntWeb, and found greater similarities with C. wroughtonii . Hence, at the time of writing we consider the two queens to be C. wroughtonii, but this putative conclusion may be changed when more material of both species are made available for examination in future.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833143FFB3FF677E1CFC00FCF7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833143FFB3FD4B7963FBB3FA97.text	03B687833143FFB3FD4B7963FBB3FA97.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dolichoderus affinis Emery 1889	<div><p>Dolichoderus affinis Emery, 1889</p><p>Material examined. Island Club, 30 Jun 1964, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _HYM_0000799 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Queen types, FOCOL2780-2781 (ZMHB). Non-types – Singapore Botanic Gardens, 5 Aug 2014, J.K. Wetterer leg., vial #479 (JKWC) .</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916), Overbeck (1924).</p><p>Localities. Queen type locality – Bukit Timah Road. Island Club. Singapore Botanic Gardens.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was found in public or private gardens, in one instance, under the bark of a branch of a dead tree.</p><p>Remarks. Type locality in Myanmar (Emery 1889), but queen type described from Singapore (Viehmeyer 1916).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833143FFB3FD4B7963FBB3FA97	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833143FFB2FD4B7F83FD91FEB7.text	03B687833143FFB2FD4B7F83FD91FEB7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dolichoderus crawleyi Donisthorpe 1917	<div><p>Dolichoderus crawleyi Donisthorpe, 1917</p><p>Material examined. Namly Avenue, 28 Apr 1985, D.H. Murphy leg., DHM-SG85- Doli 2, ZRC _ ENT00027902 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Syntype; CASENT0902970, ANTC22527 (BMNH) .</p><p>Literature. Type – Donisthorpe (1917).</p><p>Localities. Specific type locality unknown. Namly Avenue.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. The type series was found associated with Lecanium sp. (coccids) in hollow stems of a Macaranga tree. Also found under bark of unknown trees.</p><p>Remarks. Type locality in Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833143FFB2FD4B7F83FD91FEB7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833142FFB2FF0F7B5CFDCFFD57.text	03B687833142FFB2FF0F7B5CFDCFFD57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dolichoderus indrapurensis Forel 1912	<div><p>Dolichoderus indrapurensis Forel, 1912</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. ANIC 32- 061444, RWTAcc.68.18 (ANIC).</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Nee Soon</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Specific information uncertain, but possibly either swamp forest or old secondary forest inferring from locality.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833142FFB2FF0F7B5CFDCFFD57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833142FFB2FF0F78FCFDE0FB17.text	03B687833142FFB2FF0F78FCFDE0FB17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dolichoderus sulcaticeps (Mayr 1870)	<div><p>Dolichoderus sulcaticeps (Mayr, 1870)</p><p>Material examined. End of Rifle Range Road, stagnant pool, 28 Apr 1993, collector unknown, ZRC _HYM_0000246 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Male and queen of Hypoclinea sulcaticeps, FOCOL2769 -2770 (ZMHB).</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916), Overbeck (1924) [as Dolichoderus (Hypoclinea) sulcaticeps].</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Road; Rifle Range Road.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. The ants were found in pasteboard nests underneath leaves; parts of nests used to keep coccids.</p><p>Remarks. Type locality in Borneo (Mayr 1870), but the male and queen were first described from Singapore (Viehmeyer 1916).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833142FFB2FF0F78FCFDE0FB17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833142FFB2FF0F7F3CFC66FBD7.text	03B687833142FFB2FF0F7F3CFC66FBD7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dolichoderus thoracicus Smith 1860	<div><p>Dolichoderus thoracicus Smith, 1860</p><p>Material examined. Rifle Range Road, Feb 2015, R.Z.B. Quek leg., ZRC _ ENT00007860; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.79063&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.4177" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.79063/lat 1.4177)">Pulau Ubin</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.79063&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.4177" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.79063/lat 1.4177)">Jalan Sam Heng</a>, 1.412604°N, 103.99317°E, 4 Dec 2016, G.W. Yong and M.K.L. Wong leg., ZRC _HYM_0001110; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.79063&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.4177" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.79063/lat 1.4177)">Pulau Ubin</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.79063&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.4177" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.79063/lat 1.4177)">Outward Bound School</a> grounds, 1.416622°N, 103.99443°E, 4 Dec 2016, G.W. Yong and M.K.L. Wong leg., ZRC _ HYM_0001111; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.79063&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.4177" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.79063/lat 1.4177)">Upper Thomson Nature Park</a>, 9 Dec 2017, Sk. Yamane leg. (SKYC). Dealate queens, Ulu Sembawang Park, 1.4177°N, 103.79063°E, 14 Jul 2017, W. Wang leg., ZRC _HYM_0001738 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Multiple specimens in ZRC. Type of ‘ Hypoclinea sellaris ’, FOCOL2773 (ZMHB).</p><p>Literature. Roger (1863) [as type of ‘ Hypoclinea sellaris ’]; Dill (2002).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; Lower Peirce Reservoir; National University of Singapore (Kent Ridge campus); Nee Soon; Pulau Ubin; Rifle Range Road; Sime Road; Ulu Sembawang Park; Upper Thomson Nature Park.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. These ants were mostly found in disturbed secondary and wasteland forests, swamp forest, and also in an urban city park.</p><p>Remarks. A locally common and globally widespread tramp species, usually gregarious and numerous where it occurs. Probably a species complex (Dill 2002), substantial morphological variation among different allopatric populations has been observed.At the time of writing, we treat these variants as conspecific until more compelling evidence for species delineation is made available in future. If more species are delimited from this complex, the perceived trampy nature of D. thoracicus may be disproved.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833142FFB2FF0F7F3CFC66FBD7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833142FFBDFD737E43FE6BFBD7.text	03B687833142FFBDFD737E43FE6BFBD7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Iridomyrmex anceps (Roger 1863)	<div><p>Iridomyrmex anceps (Roger, 1863)</p><p>Material examined. Pulau Ubin, 7 Jan 2014, Sk. Yamane leg., ZRC _HYM_0000358 – 359; Changi sand dunes, 21 Nov 1982, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _HYM_0000631. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.7628&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.2012501" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.7628/lat 1.2012501)">Alates</a>, Pulau Semakau replanted mangrove, 1°12’04.5”N 103°45’46.1”E, SMN2, 6-13 Jun 2013, J. Puniamoorthy et al. leg., malaise trap, ZRC _ BDP0015281; same locality and collectors as previous, 17-24 Oct 2013, ZRC _ BDP0015381; same locality and collectors as previous, 21-28 Nov 2013, ZRC _ BDP0015369-15370; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.760445&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.2066389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.760445/lat 1.2066389)">Pulau Semakau</a> old mangrove fragment, 1°12’23.9”N 103°45’37.6”E, SMO3, 30 Apr – 7 Mar 2013, J. Puniamoorthy et al. leg., ZRC _ BDP0016225; same locality and collectors as previous, 22-29 Nov 2012, ZRC _ BDP0015244 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Non-types, ANIC32-038822, 59573 (ANIC). Non-types, J.K. Wetterer leg. (JKWC) - Kallang, Riverside Park, 29 Jul 2014, vial #372; Punggol, by MRT station, 30 Jul 2014, vial #390; Pasir Panjang, by MRT station, 5 Aug 2014, vial #482; Singapore Botanic Gardens, 5 Aug 2014, vial #479 .</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916), Overbeck (1924).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Road; Changi, Loyang Industrial Estate; Pasir Panjang; Pasir Ris Park; Pulau Semakau; Pulau Ubin; Punggol; Riverside Park (Kallang); Singapore Botanic Gardens.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Often found in gardens, urban parks, and disturbed secondary forests. Winged alates collected from malaise traps set up in both replanted and old-growth mangroves on an offshore island landfill.</p><p>Remarks. This species is afflicted with substantial taxonomic uncertainty, and different geographic forms may actually comprise a species complex. It is considered endemic to the Indomalayan region where it was first described, and appears globally widespread. It seems to be a rather resilient species, able to adapt to and thrive in a broad range of different habitat types.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833142FFBDFD737E43FE6BFBD7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783314DFFBDFF677E7CFB57FEB7.text	03B68783314DFFBDFF677E7CFB57FEB7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ochetellus glaber (Mayr 1862)	<div><p>Ochetellus glaber (Mayr, 1862)</p><p>Material examined. Chestnut Avenue wasteland, 11 Jul 2009, H.K. Lua leg., LHK 505, sweepnet, ZRC _HYM_0000182; Tuas West Drive marshland, 31 Mar 2007, H.K. Lua leg., ZRC _HYM_0000183; Upper Thomson Nature Park, 9 Dec 2017, Sk. Yamane leg. (SKYC) .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Chestnut Avenue; Tuas; Upper Thomson Nature Park.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Associated mostly with young secondary habitat in Singapore, including wasteland forest fragments in semi-urban settings, and marshland. These ants were also commonly observed at forest margins. Nests were found in dead twigs, rotting wood or under stones.</p><p>Remarks. This species may have been introduced locally, though it can be considered native to the Indo-Australian region that includes Singapore. This conjecture cannot be verified at the time of writing because of deficient data.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783314DFFBDFF677E7CFB57FEB7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783314DFFBCFD4B7B5CFEB7FDD7.text	03B68783314DFFBCFD4B7B5CFEB7FDD7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Philidris cordata (Smith 1859)	<div><p>Philidris cordata (Smith, 1859)</p><p>Material examined. Rifle Range Road, 6 Dec 2017, W. Wang leg., WW-SG17- Phil 1, ZRC _ ENT00028313; Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve, 28 Mar 2018, W. Wang leg., WW-SG18- Phil 1, ZRC _ ENT00000958; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.77988&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.35386" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.77988/lat 1.35386)">Bukit Timah Nature Reserve</a>, BT05, 1.35386°N, 103.77988°E, 28 Dec 2016, W. Wang leg., WW-SG16-010, ZRC _HYM_0000503; Bukit Batok <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.76235&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.34304" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.76235/lat 1.34304)">East Avenue</a> 6, BB8, 1.34304°N, 103.76235°E, 28-30 Aug 2016, G.W. Yong leg., trunk pitfall trap, ZRC _HYM_0001544; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.79839&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.38311" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.79839/lat 1.38311)">Upper Thomson Nature Park</a>, UT5, 1.38311°N, 103.79839°E, 11-13 Sep 2016, G.W. Yong leg., pitfall, ZRC _HYM_0001545; Kent Ridge Park, 7 Dec 2017, W. Wang leg., WW-SG17-043, hand collection (day), ZRC _ ENT00014138 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. CASENT0909511, ANTC31950 (MHNG) [type of ‘ Philidris cordata fuscus jactans ’].</p><p>Literature. Forel (1911) [as type of ‘ Philidris cordata fuscus jactans ’].</p><p>Localities. Bukit Batok East; Upper Thomson Nature Park.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Found mostly in young secondary habitat in Singapore, including disturbed scrub in parks and abandoned plantation forests, also sometimes in primary forest and mangroves. Nests have been found in fallen twigs and behind bark of dead trees; semi-carton nests were frequently found linked to extensive trunk trails made of similar substrate.</p><p>Remarks. Due to taxonomic ambiguities at the time of writing, two subspecies — P. cordata fusca and P. cordata protensa — have been included in this section. It is possible that these subspecies may be raised to species status in future if more empirical evidence are made available. Philidris cordata fusca appears limited to primary and disturbed secondary forests, while P. cordata protensa has only been found in mangroves. First local record of this species is as type of ‘ Philidris cordata fuscus jactans (Forel, 1911)’ - now considered an unavailable quadrinomial.</p><p>These ants are typically found in extreme abundance, sometimes in semi-carton nest extensions or satellites on tree trunks or base of trees, often linked by pervasive/extensive trunk trails. Arguably, such trunk trails and carton nest building behaviour may be only demonstrated by one subspecies — P. cordata fusca .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783314DFFBCFD4B7B5CFEB7FDD7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783314CFFBCFF0F7843FE6FFB17.text	03B68783314CFFBCFF0F7843FE6FFB17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Philidris laevigata (Emery 1895)	<div><p>Philidris laevigata (Emery, 1895)</p><p>Material examined. Rifle Range Road, 6 Dec 2017, W. Wang leg., hand collection (day), WW-SG17-045, ZRC _ ENT00014140 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916), Overbeck (1924) [as ‘ Iridomyrmex levigatus ’]; Baroni Urbani (1977) [as ‘ Iridomyrmex laevigatus jactans’].</p><p>Localities. Ayer Terjun (archaic place name); Botanic Gardens; Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; Chua Chu Kang; Pulau Bulang; Rifle Range Road; Ulu Beri</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Found mostly in primary or mature secondary habitat in Singapore, including native-dominated secondary forest. Colonies have been observed in (hollows of) bamboo and hollow branches, in bark fissures or under loose bark of trees, covered up with earth. The ants typically form carton trunk trails near and around bases of trees.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783314CFFBCFF0F7843FE6FFB17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783314CFFBCFF0F7F03FBD7FD57.text	03B68783314CFFBCFF0F7F03FBD7FD57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Philidris myrmecodiae (Emery 1887)	<div><p>Philidris myrmecodiae (Emery, 1887)</p><p>Material examined. MacRitchie Reservoir, 6 Jan 2014, Sk. Yamane leg., SG14-SKY-02, ZRC _HYM_0000468 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. MacRitchie Reservoir</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species appears associated with primary and/or old/mature secondary forests. Nests were found in dead twigs or branches.</p><p>Remarks. This species was originally described as a variant of Iridomyrmex cordatus (now known as Philidris cordata), and was observed to consist of many ‘intermediary’ forms with broad colour variation. We are unable to distinctly differentiate between Philidris cordata protensa and this species based on original descriptions and available type images online, especially since both species have been reported to have broad intra-species variation including light- and dark-coloured morphs. With more compelling evidence in future, it is possible that the material treated as P. myrmecodiae in this study may be P. cordata protensa or other species closely affiliated with P. cordata . Workers tend to be numerous and aggressive where they occur; trunk trails often extensive and constructed pervasively around the central colony location.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783314CFFBCFF0F7F03FBD7FD57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783314CFFBCFD7378C3FBB2F937.text	03B68783314CFFBCFD7378C3FBB2F937.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tapinoma andamanense subsp. capsincola Forel 1911	<div><p>Tapinoma andamanense capsincola Forel, 1911</p><p>Material examined. Males and workers, I-cube building (NUS), 1.29347, 103.77633, May-Sep 2015, M.S. Foo &amp; W. Wang leg., malaise trap, ZRC _BDP (multiple); Prince George’s Park Residences (NUS), 1.29239, 103.77869, 1-8 Apr 2015, same collectors as previous, ZRC _ BDP0046251; University Hall (NUS), 1.29711, 103.77658, 1-16 Sep 2015, same collectors as previous, ZRC _ BDP0042894 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916), Overbeck (1924).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Road; National University of Singapore campus (multiple locations).</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Colonies were found in a garden, specifically in a dry branch of a Jambu tree, in withered bamboo, and in hollow twigs of mangosteen trees. More recent specimens were collected in malaise traps mostly set up in disturbed secondary forest fragments, in semi-urban settings.</p><p>Remarks. At the time of writing, Tapinoma andamanense Forel, 1903 is only known by its holotype queen collected from Andaman Island, India. Without queen specimens from Singapore for comparison, we cannot justify the raising of the subspecies capsincola to species. According to original descriptions of T. andamanense capsincola, however, the subspecies queen has a somewhat shorter head that is broader posteriorly.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783314CFFBCFD7378C3FBB2F937	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783314FFFBFFF677AE3FEF4FBF7.text	03B68783314FFFBFFF677AE3FEF4FBF7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tapinoma glaucum (Viehmeyer 1916)	<div><p>Tapinoma glaucum (Viehmeyer, 1916)</p><p>Material examined. Singapore, locality and collection date not specified, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _HYM_0000617.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Type, FOCOL2860 (ZMHB) .</p><p>Literature. Type - Viehmeyer (1916) [as type of Semonius glaucus]; Overbeck (1924) [as Semonius glaucus].</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Road [type]</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. The type series was collected from a garden.</p><p>Remarks. Type locality in Singapore. While exact collection date is unknown, we estimate the ZRC specimen to have been collected between 1965 to 1990, when collector D.H. Murphy was active. This minute species may arguably be distinguished from other similar congeners by the following combination:1) its overall dark bluish-greenish shimmer, 2) very finely, densely reticulate head and body surfaces, 3) mesosoma slightly shorter than head, 4) pronotum in dorsal view nearly twice as wide as long, 5) funicular segments 2-4 (segment 1 being basal-most) distinctly wider than long.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783314FFFBFFF677AE3FEF4FBF7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783314FFFBFFF677E63FC78FD17.text	03B68783314FFFBFFF677E63FC78FD17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tapinoma indicum Forel 1895	<div><p>Tapinoma indicum Forel, 1895</p><p>Material examined. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.77458&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.306222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.77458/lat 1.306222)">Alates</a>, University Town (NUS), 1.306222°N, 103.774583°E, 20- 27 May 2015, M.S. Foo and W. Wang leg., malaise trap, ZRC _ BDP0045129 ; same locality and collectors as previous, 1-8 Jul 2015, malaise trap, ZRC _ BDP0045948; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.778694&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.292389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.778694/lat 1.292389)">Prince George’s Park Residences</a> (NUS), 1.292389°N, 103.778694°E, 17-24 Jun 2015, M.S. Foo and W. Wang leg., malaise trap, ZRC _ BDP0044384 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916), Overbeck (1924).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Road; Prince George’s Park Residences, University Town (both part of the National University of Singapore campus).</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was found in a garden - colony in decaying wood on the ground, in tree stumps slightly above ground surface, nesting between stem and loose bark, closed up with earth. Alates were found in disturbed secondary or wasteland forest patches, also grassy patches adjoining urban human dwellings.</p><p>Remarks. Species similar to T. melanocephalum, but may be differentiated partly by its generally lighter brown (head and mesosoma not blackish as in the latter) and relatively more uniform body colour. The two species can also be distinguished based on funicular segments – the third funicular segment (numbered from the basalmost segment) in T. indicum is wider than long, whereas in T. melanocephalum the same segment is distinctly longer than wide. In addition, funicular segments 4-8 of T. indicum are each at least as wide as long, while in T. melanochepalum these segments are clearly longer than wide.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783314FFFBFFF677E63FC78FD17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783314FFFBEFD4B7903FD38FBD7.text	03B68783314FFFBEFD4B7903FD38FBD7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tapinoma melanocephalum (Fabricius 1793)	<div><p>Tapinoma melanocephalum (Fabricius, 1793)</p><p>Material examined. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.77995&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.35284" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.77995/lat 1.35284)">Bukit Timah Nature Reserve</a>, BT06, 1.35284°N, 103.77995°E, 11 Jan 2017, W. Wang leg., WW-SG17-005, ZRC _HYM_0000573; queen, Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum, level 1M lab, 14 Nov 2018, J. Tan leg., ZRC _ ENT00007577; males, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.778694&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.292389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.778694/lat 1.292389)">Prince George’s Park Residences</a> (NUS), 1.292389N, 103.778694E, 20-27 May 2015, M.S. Foo and W. Wang leg., malaise trap, ZRC _ BDP0046763; same locality and collectors as previous, 3-10 Jun 2015, malaise trap, ZRC _ BDP0041599; Sungei Buloh, 8 Jan 2014, Sk. Yamane leg., SG14-SKY-33 (SKYC) .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Syntype of Myrmica pellucida, CASENT 0903062, ANTC22648 (BMNH). Non-types, J.K. Wetterer leg. (JKWC) – Bishan, by MRT station, 31 Jul 2014, vial #424; City Hall, by church, 29 Jul 2014, vial #374; Harbourfront, Jul-Aug 2014, vials #385, 472; Hougang, 30 Jul 2014, vial #402; Kallang, Riverside Park, 29 Jul 2014, vial #372; Katong, 27-28 Jul 2014, vials #328, 332, 345; Marine Parade, Jul-Aug 2014, vials #358, 368, 435; Mountbatten, by MRT station, 4 Aug 2014, vial #465; Outram Park, by MRT station, 29 Jul 2014, vial #380; Pasir Panjang, by MRT station, 5 Aug 2014, vial #483; Punggol, 30 Jul 2014, vials #390, 392; Queenstown, 29 Jul 2014, vial #383; Serangoon, 30 Jul 2014, vial #389; Tai Seng, 31 Jul 2014, vial #422.</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916), Overbeck (1924); Shattuck (1994); Tan &amp; Corlett (2012); Wang et al.(2018a).</p><p>Localities. Bishan; Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; Bukit Timah Road; City Hall; Harbourfront; Hougang; Katong; Marine Parade; Mountbatten; National University of Singapore campus; Outram Park; Pasir Panjang; Pulau Semakau; Pulau Ubin; Punggol; Queenstown; Riverside Park (Kallang); Serangoon; Sungei Buloh; Tai Seng.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Found in a broad range of habitats. Garden – colonies found under loose bark, closed up with earth, and in branches lying on the ground. Also collected from disturbed secondary forests and mangrove backforests. In mangroves, the ants were found nesting in a dead twig on a tree. Often observed and/or collected in urban settings, such as parks and inside household compounds or residences.</p><p>Remarks. A globally widespread tropical tramp species with unknown native range. Commonly known as the ‘ghost ant’, alluding to its pale gaster and legs that contrast sharply with blackish brown head and mesosoma.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783314FFFBEFD4B7903FD38FBD7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783314EFFBEFF0F7E43FBE0FEB7.text	03B68783314EFFBEFF0F7E43FBE0FEB7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Technomyrmex albipes (Smith 1861)	<div><p>Technomyrmex albipes (Smith, 1861)</p><p>Material examined. Pulau Ubin village, 7 Jan 2014, Sk. Yamane leg., SG14-SKY-17, ZRC _ HYM_0000437; Sungei Buloh, 8 Jan 2014, Sk. Yamane leg., ZRC _HYM_0000438. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.778694&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.292389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.778694/lat 1.292389)">Male</a>, Prince George’s Park Residences (NUS), 1.292389N, 103.778694E, 19-26 Aug 2015, M.S. Foo and W. Wang leg., malaise trap, ZRC _ BDP0047424 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916), Overbeck (1924); Bolton (2007).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Hill; Bukit Timah Road; Nee Soon; Prince George’s Park Residences (NUS); Pulau Ubin; Sungei Buloh.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Colonies were found in a garden — in rotten wood, hollow branches and withered bamboo. The ants were also found in disturbed secondary, swamp forests, and mangroves, where a colony was found in a dead twig on a tree.</p><p>Remarks. Known to be a highly successful tramp species able to nest and forage in both groundlevel and arboreal environments (Bolton 2007), also commonly found in parks and other urban settings elsewhere.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783314EFFBEFF0F7E43FBE0FEB7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783314EFFBEFD737B5CFB72FB77.text	03B68783314EFFBEFD737B5CFB72FB77.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Technomyrmex difficilis Forel 1892	<div><p>Technomyrmex difficilis Forel, 1892</p><p>Material examined. Alates and workers, Mandai mangroves, 23 May 1979, D.H. Murphy leg., DHM-SG79-001, ZRC _ ENT00048398 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Bolton (2007).</p><p>Localities. Botanic Gardens; Kent Ridge; Mandai mangroves.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was mostly found in urban parks and gardens. In mangroves, the ants were found nesting in decayed branches of Avicennia sp.</p><p>Remarks. Frequently confused with T. albipes, but can be distinguished from the latter species by the presence of setae on the head dorsum behind the level of the posterior margin of the eye, also a longer and more slender promesonotum (Bolton 2007). Considered native to the Malagasy region, the species is suggested to have started spreading across Southeast Asia and Oceania more than 60 years ago (Wetterer 2013). This species is estimated to have been first collected from Singapore around or earlier than 1948 (Wetterer 2013).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783314EFFBEFD737B5CFB72FB77	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783314EFFBEFD737E9CFBB9F957.text	03B68783314EFFBEFD737E9CFBB9F957.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Technomyrmex elatior Forel 1902	<div><p>Technomyrmex elatior Forel, 1902</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Syntypes of ‘ Technomyrmex albipes var. cordiformis ’, FOCOL2874 – 2875 (ZMHB) .</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916), Overbeck (1924) [both as ‘ Technomyrmex albipes var. cordiformis ’]; Bolton (2007).</p><p>Localities. Ayer Terjun (archaic place name)</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. A colony of this species was found in a broken and hollowed piece of a tree branch, forest type unknown.</p><p>Remarks. This species is only known from one locality in Singapore — Ayer Terjun; area now urbanized and developed.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783314EFFBEFD737E9CFBB9F957	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833149FFB9FF677A9CFDD0FC97.text	03B687833149FFB9FF677A9CFDD0FC97.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Technomyrmex horni Forel 1912	<div><p>Technomyrmex horni Forel 1912</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. CASENT0249786, PSW10256-3 (PSWC, Davis).</p><p>Literature. Bolton (2007).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Specimen from Bukit Timah indicated to be from rainforest - possibly the specific location should be Bukit Timah Nature Reserve.</p><p>Remarks. This species and T. schimmeri are currently the only members of a complex with indistinct inter-species boundaries (Bolton 2007). The two species are almost indistinguishable morphologically, taking into account the morphological variability among different populations per species. Should more material and other forms of evidence, such as DNA, be made available for analyses in future, this treatment may be revised.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833149FFB9FF677A9CFDD0FC97	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833149FFB9FF6779BCFCC5FE56.text	03B687833149FFB9FF6779BCFCC5FE56.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Technomyrmex kraepelini Forel 1905	<div><p>Technomyrmex kraepelini Forel, 1905</p><p>Material examined. Upper Peirce Reservoir, 10 Jan 2014, Sk. Yamane leg., SG14- SKY-53, ZRC _HYM_0000464; same locality and collection data, SG14-SKY-51, ZRC _HYM_0000465; Lower Peirce Reservoir, 28 Jul 1990, H.K. Lua leg., ZRC _ HYM_0000229. ZRC _ BDP0016044; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.77458&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.306222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.77458/lat 1.306222)">University Town</a> (NUS), 1.306222°N, 103.774583°E, 8-15 Jul 2015, M.S. Foo and W. Wang leg., malaise trap, ZRC _ BDP0046474. Alate, Pulau Ubin, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.94836&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.42126" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.94836/lat 1.42126)">Sg.</a> Assam, 1.42126°N, 103.94836°E, PU3, 27 Oct – 3 Nov 2012, J. Puniamoorthy et al. leg., malaise trap, ZRC _ BDP0016044 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. ANIC 32- 044947, D3-9 (ANIC).</p><p>Literature. Bolton (2007); Tan &amp; Corlett (2012); Wang et al. (2018a).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Batok; Bukit Timah; Lower Peirce Reservoir; Mandai Road; Seletar; Tuas West Drive; University Town (NUS); Upper Peirce Reservoir.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Typically found foraging at ground level, often on/in leaf litter. Can be found in different types of secondary forest: abandoned plantation, native-dominated and waste woodland. Sometimes also found in marshland.</p><p>Remarks. Winged alates of this species have been identified from samples of malaise traps set up in disturbed spontaneous vegetation patches in urban or semi-urban settings, and in mangroves.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833149FFB9FF6779BCFCC5FE56	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833149FFB9FD4B7BC3FBBDFB97.text	03B687833149FFB9FD4B7BC3FBBDFB97.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Technomyrmex pratensis (Smith 1860)	<div><p>Technomyrmex pratensis (Smith, 1860)</p><p>Material examined. Locality and collector data unavailable, NS138C, 1994, ZRC _ HYM_0000112; MacRitchie Reservoir, 6 Jan 2014, Sk. Yamane leg., SG14-SKY-01, ZRC _ HYM_00000467; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.77995&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.35284" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.77995/lat 1.35284)">Bukit Timah Nature Reserve</a>, BT06, 1.35284°N, 103.77995°E, 11 Jan 2017, W. Wang leg., ZRC _HYM_0000580; Upper Thomson Nature Park, 9 Dec 2017, ex.leaf litter, Sk. Yamane leg., SG-17-SKY-37, -40 (SKYC) .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; MacRitchie Reservoir; Upper Thomson Nature Park.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. In mature and/or abandoned plantation secondary forests. Nests were found in leaf litter, rotting wood or living trees such as Macaranga sp.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833149FFB9FD4B7BC3FBBDFB97	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833149FFB8FD4B7E83FD91FE57.text	03B687833149FFB8FD4B7E83FD91FE57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Technomyrmex schimmeri Viehmeyer 1916	<div><p>Technomyrmex schimmeri Viehmeyer, 1916</p><p>Material examined. Upper Thomson Nature Park, 9 Dec 2017, W. Wang leg., ZRC _ ENT00000776; Kent Ridge, KR 02_05, 2017, W.N. Lam leg., ZRC; Nee Soon, 17 Aug 2017, W.N. Lam leg., ZRC; MacRitchie Reservoir, 9 Jan 2014, ex. leaf litter, Sk. Yamane leg., SG14-SKY-36 (SKYC) .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Types, including 1 queen, FOCOL2877 – 2879 (ZMHB) .</p><p>Literature. Type – Viehmeyer (1916). Overbeck (1924); Bolton (2007).</p><p>Localities. Type locality – Bukit Timah Road. Bukit Batok; Kent Ridge; near I-cube building; MacRitchie Reservoir; Nee Soon; Upper Thomson Nature Park .</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. The type series was found in withered bamboo in a garden. This species was also collected from scrubland, and abandoned plantation secondary forest, usually in leaf litter sometimes at bases of trees. Specimens have also been collected from liquid contents of Nepenthes pitchers.</p><p>Remarks. Type locality in Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833149FFB8FD4B7E83FD91FE57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833148FFB8FD737923FBD6FAF7.text	03B687833148FFB8FD737923FBD6FAF7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aenictus camposi Wheeler & Chapman 1985	<div><p>Aenictus camposi Wheeler &amp; Chapman, 1985</p><p>Material examined. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.8114&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.3843666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.8114/lat 1.3843666)">Nee Soon Swamp Forest</a>, at base of pipeline, 01°23.062’N, 103°48.684’E, Feb 2015, W. Wang leg., Cryo-Acam _NS1- NS2, ZRC; Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, 28 Mar. (year unavailable), D.H. Murphy leg., C2-7, ZRC _HYM_0000005-6; Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, 24 Aug 1967, D.H. Murphy leg., Pitfall B8-31, ZRC _HYM_0000256 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; Nee Soon Forest.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Found in forest, sometimes in leaf litter or part of bivouac under soil. Also collected from ground pitfall traps.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833148FFB8FD737923FBD6FAF7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833148FFB8FF0F7BFCFE55FC97.text	03B687833148FFB8FF0F7BFCFE55FC97.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Technomyrmex strenuus Mayr 1872	<div><p>Technomyrmex strenuus Mayr, 1872</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Syntype - CASENT0903048, ANTC22633 (BMNH) .</p><p>Literature. Syntype – Mayr (1872). Bolton (2007).</p><p>Localities. Unavailable.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Unknown in the Singapore context.</p><p>Remarks. Original type locality is in Borneo (Mayr 1872), but specimen from Singapore also designated as syntype.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833148FFB8FF0F7BFCFE55FC97	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833148FFB8FF0F79BCFD0CFA77.text	03B687833148FFB8FF0F79BCFD0CFA77.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Technomyrmex textor Forel 1909	<div><p>Technomyrmex textor Forel, 1909</p><p>Material examined. Mandai Road, M 1D, 1.41258°N, 103.79839°E, 8 Jun 2017, W. Wang leg., ZRC _ ENT00000951; Mandai Road, 21 Nov 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _ HYM_0001638 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Mandai Road.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Native-dominated secondary forest. Some foragers collected behind bark of Macaranga gigantea tree.</p><p>Remarks. This species is distinguishable by its relatively small size and pale light-brown body, characters atypical of most other congeners.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833148FFB8FF0F79BCFD0CFA77	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833148FFB8FF0F7F9CFB4EFD77.text	03B687833148FFB8FF0F7F9CFB4EFD77.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Technomyrmex vitiensis Mann 1921	<div><p>Technomyrmex vitiensis Mann, 1921</p><p>Material examined. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.79779&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.41468" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.79779/lat 1.41468)">Mandai Road</a>, 1.41468, 103.79779, ZRC _ ENT00048978; alates, Pulau Semakau New Fragment, 2012 – 2013, J. Puniamoorthy et al. leg., malaise trap, ZRC _ BDP multiple; Pulau Semakau Old Fragment, SMO3, Nov 2012, same collectors as previous, malaise trap, ZRC _ BDP0016539 ; queen, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.73053&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.4465834" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.73053/lat 1.4465834)">Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve</a>, SB2, 1°26’47.7”N, 103°43’49.9”E, 12-19 Dec 2012, same collectors as previous, malaise trap, ZRC _ BDP0016345 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Mandai Road; Pulau Semakau; Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was collected from both old growth and newly replanted mangroves, and in native-dominated secondary forest more inland.</p><p>Remarks. Winged alates collected using malaise traps set up in mangrove forests on an offshore island landfill – Pulau Semakau, part of the Mangrove Insect Project (MIP) 2012 – 2013.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833148FFB8FF0F7F9CFB4EFD77	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833148FFBBFD737F63FD11FF37.text	03B687833148FFBBFD737F63FD11FF37.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aenictus cylindripetiolus Jaitrong & Yamane 2013	<div><p>Aenictus cylindripetiolus Jaitrong &amp; Yamane, 2013</p><p>Material examined. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.80653&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.41138" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.80653/lat 1.41138)">Central Catchment Nature Reserve</a> (fringe), 1.41138°N, 103.80653°E, 29 Nov 2016, G.W. Yong &amp; Ben Ho leg., ZRC _HYM_0000293 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Central Catchment Nature Reserve</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was discovered in a native-dominated secondary forest fragment, forming a fast-moving ant trail under leaf litter.</p><p>Remarks. Active ant trail found in the evening.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833148FFBBFD737F63FD11FF37	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783314BFFBBFF677B23FE78FD77.text	03B68783314BFFBBFF677B23FE78FD77.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aenictus gracilis Emery 1893	<div><p>Aenictus gracilis Emery, 1893</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. ANIC 32- 059592, Shattuck.1345388838 (ANIC).</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. The original label indicates ‘degraded coastal hill forest on granite’, but this is not an entirely accurate description of the actual habitat type in BTNR. The ants were probably found in either primary or old/mature secondary forest.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783314BFFBBFF677B23FE78FD77	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783314BFFBBFF6778E3FDF9FB37.text	03B68783314BFFBBFF6778E3FDF9FB37.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aenictus seletarius Wong & Guenard 2016	<div><p>Aenictus seletarius Wong &amp; Guénard, 2016</p><p>Material examined. Holotype, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.80299&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.39625" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.80299/lat 1.39625)">Seletar Trail</a>, ca. 40 m, 1.392467°N, 103.801308°E, 25.vii.2015, M.K.L. Wong leg., subterranean pitfall trap, ZRC _ ENT00000663; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.80299&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.39625" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.80299/lat 1.39625)">Seletar Trail</a>, 1.39625°N, 103.802994°E, 15 Jul 2015, M.K.L. Wong leg., SPT15, pitfall trap, ZRC _ ENT00000669.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Type – Wong &amp; Guénard (2016).</p><p>Localities. Seletar Trail (near Central Catchment Nature Reserve)</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This small species was collected from rainforest, deep in soil, using subterranean pitfall traps.</p><p>Remarks. Type locality in Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783314BFFBBFF6778E3FDF9FB37	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783314BFFBBFF677F23FD25F9B7.text	03B68783314BFFBBFF677F23FD25F9B7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aenictus shuckardi Forel 1901	<div><p>Aenictus shuckardi Forel, 1901</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916), Overbeck (1924).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Road</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Garden.</p><p>Remarks. In literature, this species was identified only from a single male collected at a lit-lamp. No workers are known to have been collected from the same locality till present day.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783314BFFBBFF677F23FD25F9B7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783314BFFBBFD4B7AE3FB94FDB8.text	03B68783314BFFBBFD4B7AE3FB94FDB8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aenictus yamanei Wiwatwitaya & Jaitrong 2011	<div><p>Aenictus yamanei Wiwatwitaya &amp; Jaitrong, 2011</p><p>Material examined. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.806496&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.382794" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.806496/lat 1.382794)">Nee Soon forest</a>, 1.382794°N, 103.806499°E, 23 Oct 2017, W.N. Lam leg., NS09- GL, ZRC _ ENT00000748 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Nee Soon forest</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Swamp forest, found in contents of Nepenthes gracilis pitcher.</p><p>Remarks. Species identified from only a single worker in pitcher contents.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783314BFFBBFD4B7AE3FB94FDB8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783314BFFBBFD4B785CFB56F918.text	03B68783314BFFBBFD4B785CFB56F918.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dorylus laevigatus (Smith 1857)	<div><p>Dorylus laevigatus (Smith, 1857)</p><p>Material examined. Lower Peirce Reservoir, Forest A, 7 Aug 1990, Zoology Dept. 3 rd year project, ZRC _ ENT00000191 ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.81578&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.355491" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.81578/lat 1.355491)">Central Catchment Nature Reserve</a>, Venus Loop, SPT15, 1.355491, 103.815777, 15 Jun 2015, M.K.L. Wong leg., subterranean pitfall trap, ZRC _ ENT00000671 ; Rifle Range Road, 6 Dec 2017, Sk. Yamane leg., SG17-SKY-02, ZRC _ ENT00000879 . Male alates; 3 Pandan Valley, 16 Sep 2016, Y.C. Tay leg., ZRC _HYM_0001734; Chun Tin Road, 24 Dec 2009, C.M. Yang leg., ZRC _ ENT00014107-14108 ; Ang Mo Kio Drive, ITE Headquarters, 29 Sep 2020, H.F. Loo &amp; S.K. Koh leg., on carpet in pantry, ZRC _ ENT00028565 ; Pasir Panjang Road, 20 Jan 2021, J. Ho leg., ZRC _ ENT00047779 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916), Overbeck (1924) [as Dorylus (Dichthadia) levigatus var. breviceps].</p><p>Localities. (Only localities where workers were found are given here, as male occurrences are not accurate inferences of nest locations) Central Catchment Nature Reserve; Lower Peirce Reservoir; Rifle Range Road.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Primary and/or mature secondary forest — colonies were found in soil.</p><p>Remarks. Considered a kind of Old World ‘army ant’ — a general term for ants characterized by cooperative group foraging/predatory tactics and nomadic behaviour. Solitary male alates have been reported from urban residential or commercial areas away from forested areas — these are isolated incidences of males dispersed far from their original nest sources.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783314BFFBBFD4B785CFB56F918	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783314AFFBAFF0F7AE3FE44FD17.text	03B68783314AFFBAFF0F7AE3FE44FD17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lioponera hewitti (Wheeler 1919)	<div><p>Lioponera hewitti (Wheeler, 1919)</p><p>Material examined. Nee Soon forest, 30 Dec 2014, W. Wang leg., ZRC _ ENT00007302 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Nee Soon</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was found in secondary swamp forest, where individuals were collected from rotting wood.</p><p>Remarks. Slight morphological differences from L. hewitti in its original description, but this may be variation between allopatric populations, thus we treat the Singapore specimens as conspecific to those from Borneo. This tentative species record may be changed should new evidence be made available in future indicating heterospecificity.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783314AFFBAFF0F7AE3FE44FD17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783314AFFBAFF0F7903FD91FB17.text	03B68783314AFFBAFF0F7903FD91FB17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lioponera singaporensis (Viehmeyer 1916)	<div><p>Lioponera singaporensis (Viehmeyer, 1916)</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Syntype of Cerapachy singaporensis, CASENT 0911265, ANTC33507 (NHMB) . Types of Phyracaces singaporensis, FOCOL 0335-336 (DEIC); FoCol0807-0809 (ZMHB).</p><p>Literature. Type – Viehmeyer (1916); Overbeck (1924) [both as Phyracaces singaporensis].</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Road</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. A colony of this species was found in the hollow branch of a mangosteen tree, in a garden.</p><p>Remarks. Type locality in Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783314AFFBAFF0F7903FD91FB17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783314AFFBAFF0F7F03FBC5FDD7.text	03B68783314AFFBAFF0F7F03FBC5FDD7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ooceraea biroi (Forel 1907)	<div><p>Ooceraea biroi (Forel, 1907)</p><p>Material examined. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.77853&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.40699" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.77853/lat 1.40699)">Mandai</a>, 1.40699, 103.77853, 19 Sep 2015, M.K.L. Wong leg., leaf litter, Berlese extraction, ZRC _ ENT00000670 ; Pearl’s Hill City Park, 21 Aug 2017, J. Choi leg., Jchoi-SG17-01, ZRC _HYM_0001748; MacRitchie forest, 30 Aug 1982, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _ ENT00027945 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Paralectotype of Cerapachys (Syscia) biroi, CASENT 0907059, ANTC27237 (MHNG) . Syntype of C. biroi, CASENT 0916710, ANTC44062 (HNHM Budapest) .</p><p>Literature. Type – Forel (1907) [ Cerapachys (Syscia) biroi].</p><p>Localities. MacRitchie; Mandai; Pearl’s Hill City Park.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Both mature and young secondary forests, also cultivated land in urban or semi-urban settings such as parks. Nests were often found in soil under rocks, or in old rotten logs typically filled with soil or abandoned termite nest residue. Individuals were sometimes collected from leaf litter.</p><p>Remarks. Type locality in Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783314AFFBAFF0F7F03FBC5FDD7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783314AFFBAFD737843FCDDFA77.text	03B68783314AFFBAFD737843FCDDFA77.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parasyscia dohertyi (Emery 1902)	<div><p>Parasyscia dohertyi (Emery, 1902)</p><p>Material examined. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, Feb-Mar 1968, D.H. Murphy leg., A122-8, ZRC _HYM_0000724</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. A single worker was found in either primary or old/mature secondary forest.</p><p>Remarks. This is the first local record of Parasyscia . The specimen mostly confers with the holotype of P. dohertyi, based on online type images and descriptions in Wilson (1959). However, we observed a few differences between the Singapore specimen and the holotype that may warrant a reassessment of species in future, should more local material be available: 1) head slightly wider, CI 91 compared to CI 88 in the holotype; 2) posteroventral corner of head projected distinctly as rounded lobe (projection more shallow in the holotype); 3) generally smaller in size, petiole and postpetiole widths 0.58 and 0.68 mm respectively (0.66 and 0.80 mm in the holotype).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783314AFFBAFD737843FCDDFA77	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783314AFF85FD737FE3FE79FE77.text	03B68783314AFF85FD737FE3FE79FE77.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Simopone bakeri Menozzi 1926	<div><p>Simopone bakeri Menozzi, 1926</p><p>Material examined. Nee Soon swamp, 13 Jun 1994, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _ HYM_0000831 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Holotype (IEUB). Dealate queen, CASENT0173045, ANTC8121 (MCZ).</p><p>Literature. Type – Menozzi (1926). Taylor (1966); Brown (1975); Bolton &amp; Fisher (2012).</p><p>Localities. Nee Soon Swamp Forest</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This arboreal species is associated with primary and/or mature secondary forests in Singapore, including swamp forest.</p><p>Remarks. Rarely observed or collected mainly because of its apparent arboreal nature. Type locality in Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783314AFF85FD737FE3FE79FE77	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833175FF85FF677EFCFBBCFED7.text	03B687833175FF85FF677EFCFBBCFED7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Holcoponera cribrata (Emery 1900)	<div><p>Holcoponera cribrata (Emery, 1900)</p><p>Material examined. Central Catchment Nature Reserve, 14 Sep 2011, E.J.Y. Soh leg., MainddiT.15, ZRC _ ENT00028674 ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.77859&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.3513" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.77859/lat 1.3513)">Bukit Timah</a>, 1.35130, 103.77859, 31 Jul 2015, M.K.L. Wong leg., pitfall trap, ZRC _ ENT00000673 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Specimens collected by D.H. Murphy and R.W. Taylor from Peirce Reservoir in 1988, examined by Lattke (2004) but depositories unknown.</p><p>Literature. Lattke (2004) [as Gnamptogenys cribrata].</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah, Central Catchment Nature Reserve; Peirce Reservoir.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was found in primary or mature secondary forests in Singapore.</p><p>Remarks. Genus initially determined as Gnamptogenys, but present species combination generated in Camacho et al. (2022) based on phylogenetic evidence.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833175FF85FF677EFCFBBCFED7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833175FF85FD4B7B43FC2DFCB7.text	03B687833175FF85FD4B7B43FC2DFCB7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stictoponera bicolor (Emery 1889)	<div><p>Stictoponera bicolor (Emery, 1889)</p><p>Material examined. Khatib wasteland, 1.41122, 103.82862, 20 Apr 2016, M.K.L. Wong leg., ZRC _ ENT00000672 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Khatib</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was found in a waste woodland forest.</p><p>Remarks. At the time of writing, this species is known from only one locality in Singapore. Genus initially determined as Gnamptogenys, but present species combination revived in Camacho et al. (2022) based on phylogenetic evidence.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833175FF85FD4B7B43FC2DFCB7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833175FF85FD4B79A3FB49F8F7.text	03B687833175FF85FD4B79A3FB49F8F7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stictoponera binghamii (Forel 1900)	<div><p>Stictoponera binghamii (Forel, 1900)</p><p>Material examined. Mandai, Bird Park Buffer, 17 Jul 2019, J. Tan &amp; N. Chin leg., JTNC- MIS-002, Mandai Insect Survey, ZRC _ ENT00013543; Bukit Timah forest, Apr 1968, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _HYM_0000611-612; same locality as previous, 17 Mar 1967, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _HYM_0000615-616 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Type male – FOCOL0867 (ZMHB).</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916), Overbeck (1924) [both as Stictoponera binghami (sic)].</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah; Mandai.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Found mostly in primary or mature secondary forests, as well as young secondary habitat in Singapore. Individuals have been collected from forest litter and soil samples; nests can be found in cavities of fallen rotting/decaying wood or branches. In one instance, a nest was found in a large fallen rotting branch alongside a Leptogenys colony.</p><p>Remarks. The first local record of this species was a male type specimen identified and described by Viehmeyer (1916), based on material collected by Hans Overbeck. Genus initially determined as Gnamptogenys, but present species combination revived in Camacho et al. (2022) based on phylogenetic evidence.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833175FF85FD4B79A3FB49F8F7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833175FF85FF677BE3FD6FFB97.text	03B687833175FF85FF677BE3FD6FFB97.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Syscia Roger 1861	<div><p>Syscia cf.sp.3.of.SKY (*excluded from official named species count)</p><p>Material examined. Queen and worker, Mandai Lake Road, 1°24’36.5”N, 103°47’04.0”, 53m, 18 July 2019, J.S. Tan &amp; N.L. Chin leg., Winkler extraction, ZRC _ ENT00028290 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New genus record.</p><p>Localities. Mandai Lake Road</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. The ants were found in disturbed mature secondary forest, in leaf litter and upper soil substrate.</p><p>Remarks. This is the first record of the genus Syscia in Singapore, though we were unfortunately unable to identify it to named species. The species confers mostly with Syscia sp.3 .of.SKY. Of known species, it looks most similar to Syscia chaladthanyakiji Jaitrong et al., 2020, but with nine antennal segments (instead of 11 in S. chaladthanyakiji), and head with strong posteroventral lamellate flange.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833175FF85FF677BE3FD6FFB97	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833174FF84FF0F7AE3FE5FFC57.text	03B687833174FF84FF0F7AE3FE5FFC57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stictoponera coxalis (Roger 1860)	<div><p>Stictoponera coxalis (Roger, 1860)</p><p>Material examined. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, 25 May 1967, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _ HYM_0000250; Mandai Road, 5 Dec 2016, G.W.J. Yong leg., ZRC _HYM_0001005; Dairy Farm, 22 Jun 2012, Zestin Soh leg., ZRC _ ENT00028676 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; Dairy Farm; Mandai Road.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Found in primary or mature secondary forests in Singapore, including native-dominated secondary forest. Nests were found in fallen rotting wood and leaf litter.</p><p>Remarks. Some examined ZRC material were originally identified as ‘ Gnamptogenys costata (Emery, 1889) ’, but that was considered a junior synonym of ‘ G. coxalis’ (Lattke &amp; Delsinne 2016). Genus initially determined as Gnamptogenys, but present species combination revived in Camacho et al. (2022) based on phylogenetic evidence.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833174FF84FF0F7AE3FE5FFC57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833174FF84FF0F79C3FE91FA17.text	03B687833174FF84FF0F79C3FE91FA17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stictoponera gabata (Lattke 2004)	<div><p>Stictoponera gabata (Lattke, 2004)</p><p>Material examined. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.76316&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.34218" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.76316/lat 1.34218)">Bukit Batok East Avenue</a> 6, 1.34218, 103.76316, 27-29 Sep 2016, G.W.J. Yong et al. leg., BB2GPc422, ZRC _ ENT00028675 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Bukit Batok East</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Abandoned plantation secondary forest.</p><p>Remarks. This species is currently only known from a single specimen in Singapore. Genus originally described as Gnamptogenys, but present species combination generated in Camacho et al. (2022) based on phylogenetic evidence.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833174FF84FF0F79C3FE91FA17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833174FF84FF0F7C03FCC5FD97.text	03B687833174FF84FF0F7C03FCC5FD97.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stictoponera hyalina (Lattke 2004)	<div><p>Stictoponera hyalina (Lattke, 2004)</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Holotype – ANIC32-017682, Ab2-10 (ANIC). Non-type – ANIC32 -017682, Ab 2-10 (ANIC).</p><p>Literature. Type - Lattke (2004) [as Gnamptogenys hyalina].</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Associated with primary and/or mature secondary forest; small colony found in dry bracket fungus on log.</p><p>Remarks. Type locality in Singapore. Original label describes habitat as ‘degraded coastal hill forest on granite’, but this does not accurately describe the inland BTNR forest. Genus initially determined as Gnamptogenys, but present species combination generated in Camacho et al. (2022) based on phylogenetic evidence.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833174FF84FF0F7C03FCC5FD97	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833174FF84FD737883FCC5FA97.text	03B687833174FF84FD737883FCC5FA97.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stictoponera ortostoma (Lattke 2004)	<div><p>Stictoponera ortostoma (Lattke, 2004)</p><p>Material examined. Bukit Timah Forest, 17 Mar 1967, D.H. Murphy leg., forest litter/soil, Berlese extraction, #N-13, ZRC _HYM_0000614 – 616 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Holotype – ANIC32-017689, N-13Ab4-20 (ANIC). Non-type – ANIC32-017690, N-13Ab4-20 (ANIC).</p><p>Literature. Type - Lattke (2004) [as Gnamptogenys ortostoma].</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Associated with primary and/or mature secondary forest; in leaf litter.</p><p>Remarks. Type locality in Singapore. Original label describes habitat as ‘degraded coastal hill forest on granite’, but this does not accurately describe the inland BTNR forest. Genus initially determined as Gnamptogenys, but present species combination generated in Camacho et al. (2022) based on phylogenetic evidence.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833174FF84FD737883FCC5FA97	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833174FF87FD737F83FE48FE77.text	03B687833174FF87FD737F83FE48FE77.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stictoponera posteropsis Gregg 1951	<div><p>Stictoponera posteropsis Gregg, 1951</p><p>Material examined. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, collection date unknown, D.H. Murphy leg., pitfall B7-2, ZRC _HYM_0000613.</p><p>Material not physically examined. FMNHINS0002821931, FMHD_81-282 (FMNH).</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Associated with primary and/or mature secondary forests. Individuals can be found on the forest floor, and in tree buttress litter. Genus initially determined as Gnamptogenys, but present species combination revived in Camacho et al. (2022) based on phylogenetic evidence.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833174FF87FD737F83FE48FE77	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833177FF87FF677823FE01F938.text	03B687833177FF87FF677823FE01F938.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Acropyga acutiventris Roger 1862	<div><p>Acropyga acutiventris Roger, 1862</p><p>Material examined. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, near BT08, 31 May 2017, W. Wang leg., WW-SG17-025, ZRC _ ENT00000971 ; Central Catchment Nature Reserve, 16 Feb 2016, G.W.J. Yong leg., ZRC _HYM_0000996; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.77869&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.29239" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.77869/lat 1.29239)">Prince George’s Park Residences</a> (National University of Singapore), 1.29239, 103.77869, 24 Mar – 1 Apr 2015, M.S. Foo &amp; W. Wang leg., malaise trap, NUS0001, ZRC _ BDP0044267 ; Mandai Lake Road, Northern Node buffer area (Rainforest Park), MIS_ L02_LL, 1°24’36.5”N, 103°47’04.0”, 53 m a.s.l., 18 Jul 2019, J.S. Tan &amp; N.L. Chin leg., Winkler extraction, ZRC _ ENT00028297 ; same locality as previous, 8 Sep 2020, N. Chin, L. Tan &amp; C. Goh leg., NCTG_MIS_022, ZRC _ ENT00047801 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. ANIC 32-018494, Shattuck1345243946 (ANIC); ANIC 32-018649, Shat - tuck1345244635/1345244638/1345244641 (ANIC).</p><p>Literature. LaPolla (2004).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; Central Catchment Nature Reserve; Mandai Lake Road; Prince George’s Park Residences (NUS); Singapore Botanic Gardens.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Usually associated with primary and/or secondary forests at varying levels of disturbance in Singapore, including back mangrove forest, and disturbed but well-developed secondary forest fragments in urban or semi-urban settings (e.g. parkland). Nests were found in soil, soil mounds or rotten trunks and logs; individuals were often found at high densities from leaf litter and top soil, also under wood.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833177FF87FF677823FE01F938	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833177FF87FD4B7AE3FCF6FDF8.text	03B687833177FF87FD4B7AE3FCF6FDF8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Acropyga inezae Forel 1912	<div><p>Acropyga inezae Forel, 1912</p><p>Material examined. Nee Soon Swamp Forest, plot Q6, 3 Sep 2019, W. Wang leg., WW-SG19-001, ZRC _ ENT00013859 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Nee Soon Swamp Forest</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Freshwater swamp forest – nest found in hummock, soil matrix around tree roots.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833177FF87FD4B7AE3FCF6FDF8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833177FF87FD4B7863FBD2FC18.text	03B687833177FF87FD4B7863FBD2FC18.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Acropyga oceanica Emery 1900	<div><p>Acropyga oceanica Emery, 1900</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Workers from Singapore as indicated in LaPolla (2004), exact depository not specified.</p><p>Literature. LaPolla (2004).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Primary and/or mature secondary forest.</p><p>Remarks. Habitat described as ‘degraded coastal hill forest on granite’ transcribed from original labels, however this is an inaccurate description of forest types in the BTNR.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833177FF87FD4B7863FBD2FC18	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833177FF87FD4B7E03FC76FA97.text	03B687833177FF87FD4B7E03FC76FA97.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Acropyga rubescens Forel 1894	<div><p>Acropyga rubescens Forel, 1894</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916), Overbeck (1924) [both as Acropyga acutiventris rubescen s].</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Road</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Garden.</p><p>Remarks. At the time of writing, this species appears to be known in Singapore based only on literature records.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833177FF87FD4B7E03FC76FA97	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833177FF86FD4B7FBCFCF7F917.text	03B687833177FF86FD4B7FBCFCF7F917.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anoplolepis gracilipes (Smith 1857)	<div><p>Anoplolepis gracilipes (Smith, 1857)</p><p>Material examined. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, ZRC _ ENT00000343; same locality as previous, ZRC _ ENT00000361 ; Central Catchment Nature Reserve, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.81578&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.35549" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.81578/lat 1.35549)">Venus Loop</a>, 1.35549, 103.81578, ZRC _ ENT00000729 ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.79952&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.39097" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.79952/lat 1.39097)">Seletar Trail</a>, 1.39097, 103.79952, ZRC _ ENT00000730 ; Pulau Ubin, ZRC _ ENT0007859 ; same locality as previous, ZRC _HYM_0000378; Mandai, ZRC _ ENT00013534 ; Mandai, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.78319&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.40842" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.78319/lat 1.40842)">Northern Node</a>, 1.40842, 103.78319, 54 m a.s.l., ZRC _ ENT00013870 ; Mandai, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.78228&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.40536" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.78228/lat 1.40536)">Bird Park Buffer</a>, near L10, 1.40536, 103.78228, 73 m a.s.l., ZRC _ ENT00013882 ; Kent Ridge Park, ZRC _HYM_0000376; MacRitchie Reservoir, ZRC _HYM_0000377; Pulau Sentosa, ZRC _HYM_0000911; Pulau Ubin, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.99443&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.41662" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.99443/lat 1.41662)">Outward Bound School</a> grounds, 1.41662, 103.99443, ZRC _HYM_0001160; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.75413&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.42638" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.75413/lat 1.42638)">Kranji Road</a>, 1.42638, 103.75413, ZRC _ HYM_0001179; same locality as previous, 7 Sep 2016, ZRC _HYM_0001192, 1195; same locality as previous, 5-7 Sep 2016, pitfall trap, ZRC _HYM_0001193-1194, 1196; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.80513&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.41119" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.80513/lat 1.41119)">Mandai Road</a> 3, M3D, 1.41119, 103.80513, ZRC _HYM_0001180; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.77187&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.32609" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.77187/lat 1.32609)">Sunset Way</a>, 1.32609, 103.77187, 22-24 Aug 2016, G.W. Yong leg., pitfall trap, ZRC _HYM_0001187; same locality as previous, 21-23 Aug 2016, G.W. Yong leg., pitfall trap, ZRC _HYM_0001197- 1198, 1200; same locality and collection data as previous, trunk pitfall trap, ZRC _ HYM_0001199; Bukit Batok <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.76235&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.34304" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.76235/lat 1.34304)">East Avenue</a> 6, 1.34304, 103.76235, 27-29 Sep 2016, G.W. Yong leg., pitfall trap, ZRC _HYM_0001201, 1203-1206; same locality as previous, 28-30 Aug 2016, G.W. Yong leg., pitfall trap, ZRC _ HYM_0001189; same locality as previous, 30 Aug – 1 Sep 2016, G.W. Yong leg., trunk pitfall trap, ZRC _HYM_0001190-1191; Seletar Link, 7 Dec 2015, M.K.L. Wong leg., Winkler extraction, ZRC _ ENT00000730; same locality as previous, 16-18 Oct 2016, G.W. Yong leg., trunk pitfall trap, ZRC _HYM_0001217, 1220-1221, 1224; same locality as previous, 23-25 Oct 2016, G.W. Yong leg., pitfall trap, ZRC _HYM_0001210 – 1211; same locality as previous, 16 Oct 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _HYM_0001218, 1222, 1226; same locality as previous, 18 Oct 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _HYM_0001219, 1223, 1225, 1227; same locality as previous, 23 Oct 2016, G.W. Yong leg, ZRC _HYM_0001208, 1212, 1214- 1215; same locality as previous, 25 Oct 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _HYM_0001209, 1213, 1216; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.79835&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.38311" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.79835/lat 1.38311)">Upper Thomson Nature Park</a>, 1.38311, 103.79835, 9-11 Oct 2016, G.W. Yong leg., pitfall trap, ZRC _HYM_0001265-1266; same locality as previous, 2-4 Oct 2016, G.W. Yong leg., pitfall trap, ZRC _HYM_0001267 – 1269; same locality as previous, 4 Oct 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _HYM_0001270.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Syntypes – CASENT0102951, ANTC5313 (OUMNH); CASENT0103001, ANTC5357 (OUMNH); CASENT0903237, ANTC23099 (BMNH) Non-types - numerous specimens from multiple localities, both catalogued and uncatalogued (ZRC); ANIC32-012878, RWTacc.68.25 (ANIC); ANIC32-012879, RWTacc.68.8 (ANIC) .</p><p>Literature. Type – Smith (1857) [as Formica gracilipes]. Viehmeyer (1916), Overbeck (1924) [both as Plagiolepis longipes]; Wetterer (2005); Tan &amp; Corlett (2012); Yong et al. (2017).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Batok East Avenue; Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; Central Catchment Nature Reserve; Kranji Road; MacRitchie Reservoir; Mandai; National University of Singapore (Kent Ridge/Clementi campus); Nee Soon; Pulau Ubin; Seletar Link; Seletar Trail; Sentosa; Singapore Botanic Gardens; Sunset Way; Upper Thomson Nature Park.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Broad range of different habitats of varying levels of disturbance in Singapore, including primary and mature secondary forests, degraded wasteland forests and spontaneous vegetation fragments in urban or semi-urban settings. These ants have very generalized foraging and nesting habits, typically found at high densities and extremely pervasive where they occur. Nests can be found under stones or in fallen rotting wood and logs.</p><p>Remarks. Singapore is the type locality of this infamous global invasive species. Anoplolepis gracilipes (Smith, 1857) was originally a junior synonym of Anoplolepis longipes (Jerdon, 1851) (synonymy by Emery 1887); hence Anoplolepis gracilipes (Smith, 1857) became the first available replacement name for Anoplolepis longipes (Jerdon, 1851) (Bolton, 1995: 67), since the latter was identified as a junior primary homonym of Pheidole longipes (Latreille, 1802) . Colonies can be polydomous and/or polygynous (forming ‘supercolonies’), with overwhelmingly numerous queens and workers. Colony dispersal by ‘budding’ has been documented for this highly invasive species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833177FF86FD4B7FBCFCF7F917	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833171FF81FF677AE3FDF9FD37.text	03B687833171FF81FF677AE3FDF9FD37.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Camponotus (Karavaievia) overbecki Viehmeyer 1916	<div><p>Camponotus (Karavaievia) overbecki Viehmeyer, 1916</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Types – CASENT0910416, ANTC32748 (MHNG); FOCOL2490-2493 [as types of Camponotus (Myrmosphincta) dolichoderoides subsp. overbecki] (ZMHB) .</p><p>Literature. Type – Viehmeyer (1916); Overbecki (1924) [both as Camponotus (Myrmosphincta) dolichoderoides subsp. overbecki].</p><p>Localities. Mandai Road.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. These ants were originally found in pasteboard nests under the leaves of a tree.</p><p>Remarks. Type locality in Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833171FF81FF677AE3FDF9FD37	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833171FF81FF677923FDF9FB77.text	03B687833171FF81FF677923FDF9FB77.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Camponotus (Myrmamblys) adustus Viehmeyer 1916	<div><p>Camponotus (Myrmamblys) adustus Viehmeyer, 1916</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Type – FOCOL2281 (ZMHB) .</p><p>Literature. Type – Viehmeyer (1916); Overbeck (1924) [both as Camponotus (Myrmamblys) bellus subsp. adustus].</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Road</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Garden – type specimens were caught with a sweepnet over foliage.</p><p>Remarks. Type locality in Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833171FF81FF677923FDF9FB77	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833171FF81FF677EE3FC5EFDB8.text	03B687833171FF81FF677EE3FC5EFDB8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Camponotus (Myrmamblys) bedoti Emery 1893	<div><p>Camponotus (Myrmamblys) bedoti Emery, 1893</p><p>Material examined. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.778694&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.292389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.778694/lat 1.292389)">Prince George’s Park Residences</a> (NUS), 1.292389, 103.778694, Mar- Sep 2015, M.S. Foo &amp; W. Wang leg., malaise trap, ZRC _BDP (multiple); Upper Peirce Reservoir, 10 Jan 2014, Sk. Yamane leg., SG14- SKY-49, ZRC _HYM_0000445-446; Pulau Semakau, 2012-2014, J. Puniamoorthy et al. leg., malaise trap, mangroves, ZRC _BDP (multiple); Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve, SB1, 21-28 Nov 2012, J. Puniamoorthy et al. leg, malaise trap, Reg. 29595, mangroves, ZRC _ BDP0017497; Pulau Ubin, 4 Dec 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _ ENT00027980 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Forel (1907) [as Camponotus reticulatus bedoti]; Viehmeyer (1916); Overbeck (1924); Wang et al. (2018a).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Road; Prince George’s Park Residences (NUS); Pulau Semakau; Pulau Ubin; Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve; Upper Peirce Reservoir.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Associated with both mature and young secondary habitats in Singapore, including mangrove back forest and disturbed secondary forest fragments in urban or semi-urban settings. Colonies have been found in dead twigs on trees.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833171FF81FF677EE3FC5EFDB8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833171FF81FD4B78A3FB9EFB77.text	03B687833171FF81FD4B78A3FB9EFB77.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Camponotus (Myrmamblys) bellus Forel 1908	<div><p>Camponotus (Myrmamblys) bellus Forel, 1908</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Minor workers, queens and males, FOCOL2289-2296 (ZMHB).</p><p>Literature. First description of queen – Forel (1912). First descriptions of minor worker and male – Viehmeyer (1916); Overbeck 1924.</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Road</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Garden – colonies in withered bamboo, and in hollow branches of trees.</p><p>Remarks. This species was first described based on a soldier collected from Indonesia. The queen, minor worker and male for the species were described later on based on specimens collected from Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833171FF81FD4B78A3FB9EFB77	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833171FF81FD4B7EE3FB2DF9D7.text	03B687833171FF81FD4B7EE3FB2DF9D7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Camponotus (Myrmamblys) ephippiatus Viehmeyer 1916	<div><p>Camponotus (Myrmamblys) ephippiatus Viehmeyer, 1916</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Type – FO- COL2280, FOCOL2280 (ZMHB).</p><p>Literature. Type – Viehmeyer (1916); Overbeck (1924).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Road</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Garden – type specimens were caught with a sweepnet over foliage.</p><p>Remarks. Type locality in Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833171FF81FD4B7EE3FB2DF9D7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833170FF80FF0F7AE3FE23FDD7.text	03B687833170FF80FF0F7AE3FE23FDD7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Camponotus (Myrmamblys) gretae Forel 1902	<div><p>Camponotus (Myrmamblys) gretae Forel, 1902</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916), Overbeck (1924) [as Camponotus (Colobopsis) gretae].</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Road</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Garden.</p><p>Remarks. The only literature record of this species in Singapore is that of a single queen collected from a lamp in a garden (Viehmeyer 1916; Overbeck 1924).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833170FF80FF0F7AE3FE23FDD7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833170FF80FF0F7843FCD7FDF7.text	03B687833170FF80FF0F7843FCD7FDF7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Camponotus (Myrmamblys) reticulatus Roger 1863	<div><p>Camponotus (Myrmamblys) reticulatus Roger, 1863</p><p>Material examined. Mandai mangrove, 2 Nov 1976, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _ HYM_0000945; alate queen and worker, same locality as previous, 2 Oct 1970, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _HYM_0000633; Namly Avenue, 25 Apr 1985, D.H. Murphy leg., forest, ZRC _ HYM_0000946; Kent Ridge, 24 Jun 1985, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _HYM_0000947-949 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None; new record.</p><p>Localities. Kent Ridge; Mandai mangrove; Namly Avenue.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species is usually associated with both mature and young secondary habitats in Singapore, mostly disturbed forest fragments in urban or semi-urban parklands, and mangrove forests. The ants can be found in damp logs, sometimes on the ground under Eugenia plants, in close association with planthoppers ( Flatidae). In mangroves, a nest was found in a twig of Sonneratia .</p><p>Remarks. This species is superficially similar to C. bedoti, especially in the unique convex lateral profile of the propodeal dorsum. Minor workers of C. reticulatus can be differentiated from C. bedoti based on the following ( C. bedoti traits in parentheses): 1) largely dark reddish-brown in colour, with front edge of head including malar area brownish-yellow (largely black, including the malar area), 2) entire body generally densely reticulate-punctate, appearing rather dull or weakly shining (body largely finely reticulate-punctate and shiny, gaster sparsely punctate and shining, sometimes superficially reticulate), 3) body covered with dense appressed hairs or pubescence (body with much sparser pubescence, the gaster especially with dispersed punctures bearing standing hairs), 4) dorsum of propodeum more strongly depressed, i.e., propodeal ‘saddle’ more distinct (propodeal dorsum weakly depressed, propodeal saddle indistinct).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833170FF80FF0F7843FCD7FDF7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833170FF80FD737863FC45F977.text	03B687833170FF80FD737863FC45F977.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Camponotus (Myrmamblys) reticulatus subsp. sericellus Viehmeyer 1916	<div><p>Camponotus (Myrmamblys) reticulatus sericellus Viehmeyer, 1916</p><p>Material examined. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.778694&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.292389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.778694/lat 1.292389)">Queen</a>, Prince George’s Park Residences (NUS), 1.292389, 103.778694, 1-8 Apr 2015, M.S. Foo &amp; W. Wang leg. , malaise trap, NUS0005, ZRC _ BDP0046220; Sime forest, collection date and collector unknown, ZRC _ ENT00048388 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Types – CASENT0910532, ANTC32839 (MHNG); FOCOL2283 – 2288 (ZMHB) .</p><p>Literature. Type – Viehmeyer (1916); Overbeck (1924) [both as Camponotus (Myrmamblys) bedoti subsp. sericellus]. Wang et al. (2018a).</p><p>Localities. Type locality – Bukit Timah Road. Prince George’s Park Residences (NUS); Sime forest .</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Type specimens of this subspecies were collected from a garden, “between bark and stem” on a Chiku ( Manilkara zapota) tree. More recent specimens were sampled from disturbed secondary forest fragments in semi-urban settings.</p><p>Remarks. Type locality in Singapore. Minor workers of C. reticulatus sericellus resemble those of C. reticulatus, though the latter appear to have somewhat shorter antennal scapes. At the time of writing, we have insufficient viable material (i.e., aged queen specimen of C. reticulatus in poor condition, no major workers available for comparison) to confidently assess distinguishing features between the two forms. Thus, we maintain status quo for the subspecies sericellus.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833170FF80FD737863FC45F977	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833173FF83FF677AE3FDF9FD97.text	03B687833173FF83FF677AE3FDF9FD97.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Camponotus (Myrmosaulus) camelinus (Smith 1857)	<div><p>Camponotus (Myrmosaulus) camelinus (Smith, 1857)</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Syntype – CASENT0901905, ANTC21350 (OUMNH). Non-type – CASENT0906945, ANTC27560 (BMNH) .</p><p>Literature. Type – Smith (1857) [as Formica camelina].</p><p>Localities. Unknown.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Unknown in the Singapore context.</p><p>Remarks. Type locality in Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833173FF83FF677AE3FDF9FD97	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833173FF82FF677883FDF1FEF7.text	03B687833173FF82FF677883FDF1FEF7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Camponotus (Myrmosericus) parius Emery 1889	<div><p>Camponotus (Myrmosericus) parius Emery, 1889</p><p>Material examined. Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum (NUS), 29 Mar 2018, W.Wang leg., WW-SG18- Campo 1, ZRC _ ENT00000919; MacRitchie Catchment Reservoir, 20 Apr 1994, collector unknown, NS 123B, ZRC _ HYM_0000109; MacRitchie Reservoir, 6 Jan 2014, Sk. Yamane leg., ZRC _HYM_0000404; Upper Peirce Reservoir, 10 Jan 2014, Sk. Yamane leg. (SKYC); Pulau Ubin, 7 Jan 2014, Sk. Yamane leg., ZRC _HYM_0000405; Choa Chu Kang Avenue 2, Block 273, 1 Mar 2017, D.J. Court leg., ZRC _HYM_0001723; University Hall (NUS), 1.297111, 103.776583, 12-19 Aug 2015, M.S. Foo &amp; W. Wang leg., malaise trap, NUS0084, ZRC _ BDP0047532; Prince George’s Park Residences (NUS), 1.292389, 103.778694, 8-15 Jul 2015, M.S. Foo &amp; W. Wang leg., malaise trap, NUS0061, ZRC _ BDP0045928; same locality as previous, 1-8 Sep 2015, M.S. Foo &amp; W. Wang leg., malaise trap, NUS0093, ZRC _ BDP0047461; Pulau Tekukor, 9 Dec 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _ ENT00027978; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.84747&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.220167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.84747/lat 1.220167)">St. John’s Island</a>, 1.220167, 103.847472, 11 May 2016, J.S. Ascher et al. leg., ZRC _ ENT00047855; City Hall, 29 Jul 2014, J.K. Wetterer leg., ZRC _ ENT00054652; Outram Park, same collector and date as previous, ZRC _ ENT00054653; Serangoon, 30 Jul 2014, same collector as previous, ZRC _ ENT00054654; Marine Parade, 1 Aug 2014, same collector as previous, ZRC _ ENT00054655; Kranji, 2 Aug 2014, same collector as previous, ZRC _ ENT00054656; Singapore Botanic Gardens, 5 Aug 2014, same collector as previous, ZRC _ ENT00054659; Pasir Panjang, same collector and date as previous, ZRC _ ENT00054660 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Wang et al. (2018a) [misidentified as Camponotus rufoglaucus].</p><p>Localities. Choa Chu Kang Avenue 2; City Hall; Kranji; National University of Singapore (Kent Ridge/Clementi campus); MacRitchie Reservoir; Marine Parade; Outram Park; Pasir Panjang; Pulau Tekukor; Pulau Ubin; Serangoon; Singapore Botanic Gardens; St. John’s Island; Upper Peirce Reservoir.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species is often associated with young secondary habitat in Singapore, also commonly observed close to human infrastructure in urban or semi-urban settings. Nests were typically seen in soil in cultivated grassland or grass patches near roadside trees. Colony presence is often conspicuous with narrow nest entrance usually surrounded by a relatively (much) wider outer ring of sandy soil.</p><p>Remarks. Often mistaken for the other more well-known black Camponotus species — C. auriventris, C. parius can be distinguished from the latter mainly by the absence of a deep metanotal groove (in C. auriventris the metanotal groove is visible as a deep indentation between mesonotum and propodeum in lateral view), also a smoother sculpture with fine whitish pubescence.</p><p>Camponotus parius also closely resembles C. rufoglaucus in general habitus. Workers of the two species can be differentiated by colour – C. parius is almost entirely uniformly black, while C. rufoglaucus is typically black with varying amounts of reddish-brown. Body colour, however, might be unreliable because of the broad variation apparent in the latter species. The species may also be distinguished based on condition of standing pilosity. In C. parius workers, standing hairs on entire dorsum are sparse, laterally-projecting hairs almost absent along sides of head in full-face view except in anterior portion closer to mandibular base. In contrast, C. rufoglaucus workers have denser and more numerous standing hairs on entire dorsum, especially the mesosoma; in full-face view, sides of head lined with many laterally-projecting hairs.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833173FF82FF677883FDF1FEF7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833172FF82FF0F7B63FDAAFBB7.text	03B687833172FF82FF0F7B63FDAAFBB7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Camponotus (Myrmotarsus) nigricans subsp. enganensis Forel 1916	<div><p>Camponotus (Myrmotarsus) nigricans enganensis Forel, 1916</p><p>Material examined. Alate queen, Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum (NUS), on staircase linking to NUS Museum, 21 Sep 2020, J.S. Tan leg., ZRC _ ENT00028320 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. FOCOL2338 [as type of Camponotus (Myrmotarsus) nigricans subsp. nitidiceps] (ZMHB) .</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916), Overbeck (1924) [both as Camponotus (Myrmotarsus) nigricans subsp. nitidiceps].</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Road. Single alate queen found at LKCNHM building compound may have dispersed from nest in unknown distant location, exact locality of original nest unverifiable.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Queens have been found attracted to lamps in a garden.</p><p>Remarks. This species was originally described based on the queen. Appearance of workers currently unknown. May be more common than might be inferred from relatively rare occurrences of alate queens.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833172FF82FF0F7B63FDAAFBB7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833172FF82FF0F7EA3FD91F9F7.text	03B687833172FF82FF0F7EA3FD91F9F7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Camponotus (Myrmotarsus) quadrisectus subsp. hians Forel 1907	<div><p>Camponotus (Myrmotarsus) quadrisectus hians Forel, 1907</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Types – CASENT0910508-910509, ANTC32820- 3282 (MHNG); CASENT0922412, ANTC43615 (HNHM, Budapest) .</p><p>Literature. Type – Forel (1907).</p><p>Localities. Unknown.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Unknown in the Singapore context.</p><p>Remarks. Type locality in Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833172FF82FF0F7EA3FD91F9F7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833172FF82FD737AE3FBC5FCD7.text	03B687833172FF82FD737AE3FBC5FCD7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Camponotus (Myrmotarsus) quadrisectus subsp. margaritae Forel 1907	<div><p>Camponotus (Myrmotarsus) quadrisectus margaritae Forel, 1907</p><p>Material examined. Island Club forest, 20 May 1985, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _ HYM_0000890-892.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Syntypes – CASENT0910510, ANTC32822 (MHNG); CASENT0922409, ANTC43612 (HNHM, Budapest) .</p><p>Literature. Type – Forel (1907).</p><p>Localities. Island Club forest (Central Catchment Nature Reserve).</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Workers of this species were collected from primary or old/mature secondary forest, where they were found in a carton nest at the foot of a tree. The ants were reportedly found together with an unnamed Crematogaster species.</p><p>Remarks. Type locality in Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833172FF82FD737AE3FBC5FCD7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833172FF8DFD737943FD13FD37.text	03B687833172FF8DFD737943FD13FD37.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Camponotus (Tanaemyrmex) albosparsus Bingham 1903	<div><p>Camponotus (Tanaemyrmex) albosparsus Bingham, 1903</p><p>Material examined. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.778694&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.292389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.778694/lat 1.292389)">Prince George’s Park Residences</a> (NUS), 1.292389, 103.778694, 8-15 Apr 2015, M.S. Foo &amp; W. Wang leg., malaise trap, NUS0009, ZRC _ BDP0046879 ; same locality and collectors as previous, 5-12 Aug 2015, malaise trap, NUS0077, ZRC _ BDP0047381; Pulau Semakau, 2012-2014, J. Puniamoorthy et al. leg., mangroves, malaise trap, ZRC _BDP (multiple); Nee Soon Swamp Forest, NS2, 28 Mar-4 Apr 2012, J. Puniamoorthy et al. leg., malaise trap Reg. 29158, ZRC _ BDP0015966 ; locality unknown, 23 Jul 1996, Sk. Yamane leg., ZRC _HYM_0000430- 431; Kent Ridge Park, 11 Jan 2014, Sk. Yamane leg. (SKYC) .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Non-types, J.K. Wetterer leg. (JKWC) – Amber Road, Katong, 28 Jul 2014, vial #339; Pasir Panjang, by MRT station, 5 Aug 2014, vial #484; Punggol, by MRT station, 30 Jul 2014, vial #390; Serangoon, 30 Jul 2014, vial #389; Singapore Botanic Gardens, 5 Aug 2014, vial #480 .</p><p>Literature. Li (2006) [as Camponotus bedoti albosparsus]; Wang et al. (2018a).</p><p>Localities. Amber Road (Katong); Kent Ridge Park; Nee Soon Swamp Forest; Pasir Panjang; Prince George’s Park Residences (NUS); Pulau Semakau; Punggol; Serangoon; Singapore Botanic Gardens.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Found in both mature and young secondary habitats, including disturbed secondary forest fragments in urban or semi-urban settings, mangrove and swamp forests in Singapore. Individuals were usually found in open areas around or near forest fringes or edges, sometimes under stones, and at bases of trees, close to man-made infrastructure.</p><p>Remarks. Workers of this species are typically distinguished from other congeners by a pair of large pale-whitish patches/dots, on each of the first two gastral tergites respectively.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833172FF8DFD737943FD13FD37	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783317DFF8DFF677923FDF9FA37.text	03B68783317DFF8DFF677923FDF9FA37.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Camponotus (Tanaemyrmex) arrogans (Smith 1858)	<div><p>Camponotus (Tanaemyrmex) arrogans (Smith, 1858)</p><p>Material examined. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.77914&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.34913" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.77914/lat 1.34913)">Bukit Timah Nature Reserve</a>, BT 03, 1.34913, 103.77914, 17 May 2017, W. Wang leg., old secondary forest, WW-SG17-053, ZRC _ ENT00027972 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Syntype – CASENT0903598, ANTC23456 (BMNH) .</p><p>Literature. Type – Smith (1858) [as Formica arrogans]. Emery (1896) [as Camponotus maculatus arrogans]; Viehmeyer (1916); Overbeck (1924).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species is associated with primary and old or mature secondary habitat in Singapore. In old secondary forest, nestmates have been collected from the surface of a buttress root of a large tree, presumably in the vicinity of the actual nest. It is unclear exactly where actual nests may be located, i.e., in tree cavities or amidst buttress litter.</p><p>Remarks. Type locality in Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783317DFF8DFF677923FDF9FA37	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783317DFF8CFF677C23FE7FFC17.text	03B68783317DFF8CFF677C23FE7FFC17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Camponotus (Tanaemyrmex) carinifer Viehmeyer 1916	<div><p>Camponotus (Tanaemyrmex) carinifer Viehmeyer, 1916 stat. n.</p><p>Camponotus (Myrmoturba) tinctus var. carinifer Viehmeyer, 1916: 156 (s.q.)</p><p>Subspecies of Camponotus irritans: Bolton, 1995: 91.</p><p>Material examined. Prince George’s Park Residences (NUS), 1.292389, 103.778694, 15-22 Apr 2015, M.S. Foo &amp; W. Wang leg., malaise trap, NUS0013, ZRC _ BDP0045404 ; same locality and collectors as previous, 29 Jul-5 Aug 2015, malaise trap, NUS0073, ZRC _ BDP0047331; same locality and collectors as previous, 23-30 Sep 2015, malaise trap, NUS0105, ZRC _ BDP0047294; Mandai mangroves, 17 Nov 1978, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _HYM_0000881; same locality and collector as previous, 1975, ZRC _HYM_0000882; Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve, 14 Mar 2018, M.S. Foo leg., back mangrove, ZRC _ ENT00000911 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Types – CASENT0910154 [cotype major of C. (Myrmoturba) tinctus var. carinifer], ANTC32547 (MHNG); FOCOL2391-2396 [queens and workers of C. tinctus var. carinifer] (ZMHB) .</p><p>Literature. Types - Viehmeyer (1916); Overbeck (1924) [both as Camponotus (Myrmoturba) tinctus var. carinifer]. Wang et al. (2018a) [identified as Camponotus irritans].</p><p>Localities. Jurong Road; Mandai mangroves; Prince George’s Park Residences (NUS); Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was found mainly in disturbed young or mature secondary forest fragments in semi-urban settings, close to man-made infrastructure. The type series was collected from a nest in a rotting dead tree trunk along a road. In mangroves, a colony was found nesting in a rotting branch of the mangrove plant Rhizophora .</p><p>Remarks. Prior to this study, C. carinifer was treated as a subspecies of Camponotus irritans (Smith, 1857) . However, upon comparisons of type images and original descriptions, we believe C. carinifer is sufficiently distinct to be considered a separate species.</p><p>The original description of C. irritans was based on “normal” minor workers (not majors/soldiers), specifically a large worker (12.7 mm) and a smaller one (6.4 mm). We noted that the maximum size for non-major workers in C. irritans appears larger than in local minors of C. carinifer – the latter never exceeds 10 mm in total length. Further, even majors of C. carinifer are at most around 10 - 11mm in length, at least for specimens from Singapore.</p><p>Based on our observations, large minor workers of C. carinifer can be distinguished from those of C. irritans by the following ( C. irritans traits in parentheses): 1) mesosoma not elongate, in dorsal view pronotum as wide as head, rounded and not much narrowed anteriorly (mesosoma elongate and slender, pronotum narrower than head, distinctly tapered and narrowed anteriorly), 2) posterior margin of head very weakly and broadly convex in full face view (posterior margin of head strongly convex), 3) petiole in profile narrower and more squamiform, weakly tapered towards apex (petiole longer, strongly tapered towards apex), 4) apex of scape and most of antenna flagellum light yellowish-brown, reddish-brown at the tips (apex of scape and entire flagellum ferruginous).</p><p>Camponotus carinifer is very similar to Camponotus tinctus (Smith, 1858) (nom. rev., see relevant species section below). In fact, the minor workers are almost indistinguishable from each other. The two species can still be differentiated based on major workers and queens. We discuss this in greater detail under Remarks for C. tinctus .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783317DFF8CFF677C23FE7FFC17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783317CFF8CFF0F7E03FE3DFA77.text	03B68783317CFF8CFF0F7E03FE3DFA77.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Camponotus (Tanaemyrmex) festinus subsp. eximius Emery 1900	<div><p>Camponotus (Tanaemyrmex) festinus eximius Emery, 1900</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916); Overbeck (1924).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Road</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Garden.</p><p>Remarks. At the time of writing, this species is only known from Singapore based on a single literature record of a queen caught at a lit-lamp in a garden.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783317CFF8CFF0F7E03FE3DFA77	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783317CFF8CFF0F7FE3FC34FE77.text	03B68783317CFF8CFF0F7FE3FC34FE77.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Camponotus (Tanaemyrmex) festinus subsp. simaluranus Forel 1915	<div><p>Camponotus (Tanaemyrmex) festinus simaluranus Forel, 1915</p><p>Material examined. Major worker, Nee Soon, 14 Apr 1993, Sk. Yamane leg., swamp forest (SKYC) .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916), Overbeck (1924) [both as Camponotus (Dinomyrmex) inezae var. simalurana].</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Road; Nee Soon.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. In the only literature record of this subspecies in Singapore, the ants were reportedly found in the trunk of a garden tree with cavities created by termites. More recently, a major worker was collected from swamp forest.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783317CFF8CFF0F7FE3FC34FE77	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783317CFF8FFD737BE3FE59FB57.text	03B68783317CFF8FFD737BE3FE59FB57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Camponotus (Tanaemyrmex) irritans (Smith 1857)	<div><p>Camponotus (Tanaemyrmex) irritans (Smith, 1857)</p><p>Material examined. Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum bus stop, 13 Jan 2017, S.H. Tan leg., nest in junction box, WW-SG17-007, ZRC _HYM_0000575; Kranji Road, Sep-Nov 2016, G.W. Yong et al. leg., ZRC _ ENT00057823-57827 ; Upper Thomson Nature Park, 11-13 Sep 2016, G.W. Yong et al. leg., ZRC _ ENT00057828 ; Seletar Link, 23-25 Oct 2016, same collectors as previous, ZRC _ ENT00057829 ; Mandai Road, 29 Nov – 1 Dec 2016, G.W. Yong et al. leg., ZRC _ ENT00057830 ; Sunset Way, 31 Aug 2016, G.W. Yong et al. leg., ZRC _ ENT00057831 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Wang et al. (2018a) - but see Remarks for Camponotus carinifer .</p><p>Localities. Kranji Road; Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum (NUS); Mandai Road; Seletar Link; Sunset Way.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. These ants appear to be quite tolerant of degraded or disturbed environments, able to thrive in areas near man-made infrastructure as well as young or mature secondary forest fragments. A colony was even found nesting inside an outdoor electrical junction box next to a building in urban settings. The ants are commonly observed (unverified sightings), sometimes photographed, but not collected. The species is probably more widespread locally than is represented in formal museum holdings, not limited to the two localities listed in this section. In recent times, these ants have apparently also become increasingly popular in the local pet trade.</p><p>Remarks. As mentioned before (see Remarks for C. carinifer), C. irritans was first described based on two minor workers – a large one (&gt; 12 mm) and another roughly half its size (which Smith defined as truly ‘minor’). The major worker was never formally described. This is problematic with regards to species delimitation, especially for species of the subgenus Tanaemyrmex, as the worker caste can be extremely polymorphic.</p><p>Within each colony sample we examined, we observed a broad spectrum of intermediate worker forms, varying mainly in head shape, size, and body colours. Nevertheless, the elongate and slender habitus, characteristic of C. irritans as it was first described, persists across all variants, including teneral individuals. It is difficult to clearly define the boundaries separating ‘majors’ from ‘minors’ because of the apparent continuum of forms. As expected, Smith’s (1857) original description and the online type image of C. irritans matched only with a few individuals per sample. Major workers, also variable in head shape, resemble those of Camponotus carin Emery, 1889 and other close relatives. Minor workers of different species of Camponotus can be almost identical to each other. Some minor workers of the C. irritans colonies we examined, for example, closely matched the original description and type image for Camponotus mitis (Smith, 1858), except for petiole shape. Consequently, we cannot overlook the possibility that specimens we currently recognize as “ C. irritans ” may in fact belong to another similar species of the subgenus Tanaemyrmex .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783317CFF8FFD737BE3FE59FB57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783317FFF8FFF677EC3FDF9F917.text	03B68783317FFF8FFF677EC3FDF9F917.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Camponotus (Tanaemyrmex) maculatus subsp. obfuscatus Viehmeyer 1916	<div><p>Camponotus (Tanaemyrmex) maculatus obfuscatus Viehmeyer, 1916</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Types – FOCOL2400-2402 (ZMHB) [as types of Camponotus (Myrmoturba) subnuda var. obfuscata]</p><p>Literature. Type – Viehmeyer (1916); Overbeck (1924) [both as Camponotus (Myrmoturba) subnudus var. obfuscata].</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Road</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Garden – type colony found in withered bamboo. A solitary type queen was also found in a rotten branch lying on the ground.</p><p>Remarks. Type locality in Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783317FFF8FFF677EC3FDF9F917	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783317FFF8FFD4B7AE3FB56FDB7.text	03B68783317FFF8FFD4B7AE3FB56FDB7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Camponotus (Tanaemyrmex) maculatus subsp. subnudus Emery 1889	<div><p>Camponotus (Tanaemyrmex) maculatus subnudus Emery, 1889</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916), Overbeck (1924) [both as Camponotus (Myrmoturba) subnudus].</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Road</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Garden – a single queen collected at a lit-lamp.</p><p>Remarks. At the time of writing, there are only literature records of this subspecies in Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783317FFF8FFD4B7AE3FB56FDB7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783317FFF8FFD4B78A3FB56FBF7.text	03B68783317FFF8FFD4B78A3FB56FBF7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Camponotus (Tanaemyrmex) maxwellensis Forel 1913	<div><p>Camponotus (Tanaemyrmex) maxwellensis Forel, 1913</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916), Overbeck (1924) [both as Camponotus (Myrmoturba) maculatus subsp. maxwellensis].</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Road</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Garden – a single queen collected in a hollow branch of a tree.</p><p>Remarks. At the time of writing, there are only literature records of this species in Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783317FFF8FFD4B78A3FB56FBF7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783317FFF8FFD4B7E63FB56FA77.text	03B68783317FFF8FFD4B7E63FB56FA77.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Camponotus (Tanaemyrmex) mitis (Smith 1858)	<div><p>Camponotus (Tanaemyrmex) mitis (Smith, 1858)</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916), Overbeck (1924) [both as Camponotus (Myrmoturba) maculatus subsp. mitis].</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Road</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Garden.</p><p>Remarks. At the time of writing, there are only literature records of this species in Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783317FFF8FFD4B7E63FB56FA77	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783317FFF8EFD4B7FE3FC56FE57.text	03B68783317FFF8EFD4B7FE3FC56FE57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Camponotus (Tanaemyrmex) tinctus (Smith 1858)	<div><p>Camponotus (Tanaemyrmex) tinctus (Smith, 1858), nom. rev.</p><p>Formica tincta Smith, 1858: 21 (q.)</p><p>Viehmeyer, 1916; 155 (s.w.); Karavaiev, 1929b: 237 (m.)</p><p>Combination in Camponotus: Mayr, 1862: 676.</p><p>Combination in Camponotus (Myrmoturba): Forel, 1914: 267.</p><p>Combination in Camponotus (Tanaemyrmex): Emery, 1925: 94.</p><p>Status as species: Mayr, 1862: 676; Mayr, 1863: 401; Roger, 1863b: 3; Mayr, 1865: 30; Mayr, 1867: 39 (redescription); Smith, 1871: 304; Dalla Torre, 1893: 254; Emery, 1896b: 371; Viehmeyer, 1916: 154; Wheeler, 1935: 40.</p><p>Junior synonym of Camponotus luteus: Bingham, 1903: 379.</p><p>Subspecies of Camponotus maculatus: Emery, 1900a: 704; Stitz, 1925: 124.</p><p>Subspecies of Camponotus irritans: Emery, 1920: 7, 17; Stitz, 1925: 124; Emery, 1925: 94; Karavaiev, 1929b: 237; Stitz, 1932: 736; Chapman &amp; Capco, 1951: 248; Baltazar, 1966: 274; Bolton, 1995: 127.</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. FOCOL2386-2387 [used in first descriptions of Camponotus tinctus workers] (ZMHB).</p><p>Literature. Types - Viehmeyer (1916); Overbeck (1924) [both as Camponotus (Myrmoturba) tinctus var. carinifer, and C. (Myrmoturba) tinctus].</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Road</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. A queen of this species was caught at a lit lamp in a garden. The ants were also found nesting in decaying or rotten branches.</p><p>Remarks. While Camponotus tinctus was first described based on a queen specimen from Myanmar, major and minor workers of the species were described later by Viehmeyer (1916) based on specimens from Singapore. Minor workers of this species can be distinguished from C. irritans using the characters detailed under Remarks for C. carinifer (see above).</p><p>Camponotus tinctus closely resembles C. carinifer, though major workers and queens may be differentiated by the following characters ( C. carinifer traits in parentheses): 1) clypeus without or with very weak and indistinct median carina, (clypeus with distinct median carina), 2) posterior head margin almost flat, weakly and broadly concave (posterior head margin deeply concave medially), 3) in anterodorsal/oblique view, rear corners of head not forming rounded lobes, only slightly projected posteriorly (rear corners of head forming rounded lobes, strongly projected posteriorly).</p><p>Given the absence of more compelling observable differences, it remains possible that C. carinifer and C. tinctus are actually ecomorphs of a morphologically variable species. In this case, DNA evidence coupled to more material coverage of the two species from other parts of Indomalaya, may be key to resolving this issue.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783317FFF8EFD4B7FE3FC56FE57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783317EFF8EFD737BC3FB7DFC17.text	03B68783317EFF8EFD737BC3FB7DFC17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Camponotus (Tanaemyrmex) variegatus (Smith 1858)	<div><p>Camponotus (Tanaemyrmex) variegatus (Smith, 1858)</p><p>Material examined. Linden Drive, 6 Jun 1985, D.H. Murphy leg., on mango, ZRC _ HYM_0000884 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Type — Smith (1858) [as Formica variegata].</p><p>Localities. Linden Drive</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Unknown in Singapore context – habitat information written on original label of ZRC specimen illegible.</p><p>Remarks. Both Ceylon (now known as Sri Lanka) and Singapore were named as type localities in the original description of this species (Smith 1858), no lectotype was designated.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783317EFF8EFD737BC3FB7DFC17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783317EFF8EFD737E03FCD7F9B7.text	03B68783317EFF8EFD737E03FCD7F9B7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Camponotus (Tanaemyrmex) variegatus subsp. fuscithorax Dalla Torre 1893	<div><p>Camponotus (Tanaemyrmex) variegatus fuscithorax Dalla Torre, 1893</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916), Overbeck (1924) [both as Camponotus (Myrmoturba) maculatus subsp. mitis var. fuscithorax].</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Road</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. These ants were found in gardens – colonies were found in the end of a branch of a dead tree, in bamboo, and under an old packing-case on the ground. Queens have also been collected from lit-lamps in gardens.</p><p>Remarks. The soldier, queen and male of this subspecies were first described by Viehmeyer (1916) based on specimens collected in Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783317EFF8EFD737E03FCD7F9B7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833179FF89FF677A9CFDF9FD57.text	03B687833179FF89FF677A9CFDF9FD57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Colobopsis badia (Smith 1857)	<div><p>Colobopsis badia (Smith, 1857)</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Syntype – CASENT0901897, ANTC21342 (OUMNH)</p><p>Literature. Type – Smith (1857) [as Formica badia]. Viehmeyer (1916), Overbeck (1924) [both as Camponotus (Colobopsis) badius].</p><p>Localities. Ayer Terjun (archaic place name); Bukit Timah Hill; Mandai Road.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Typically associated with primary and old secondary forest, these ants have been found in Nepenthes pitcher cups; colonies have been collected from inside the wood of living trees.</p><p>Remarks. Type locality in Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833179FF89FF677A9CFDF9FD57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833179FF89FF6778FCFDAAF9B7.text	03B687833179FF89FF6778FCFDAAF9B7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Colobopsis leonardi (Emery 1889)	<div><p>Colobopsis leonardi (Emery, 1889)</p><p>Material examined. Sungei Buloh, 8 Jan 2013, Sk. Yamane leg., lower vegetation, ZRC _ HYM_0000441; MacRitchie Reservoir, 6 Jan 2014, Sk. Yamane leg., ZRC _HYM_0000442; Kent Ridge, 13 May 1985, D.H. Murphy leg., roadside tree trunk, ZRC _HYM_0000886- 888; same locality as previous, 28 May 1985, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _HYM_0000889; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.77397&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.35599" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.77397/lat 1.35599)">Bukit Timah Nature Reserve</a>, near BT02, 1.35599, 103.77397, 25 Jan 2017, W. Wang leg., ZRC _ ENT00014152; Kranji mangrove, 2 Jul 1985, D.H. Murphy leg., dead twig and tree bole, DHM-SG85- Colo 1, ZRC _ ENT00027954 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916), Overbeck (1924) [as Camponotus (Colobopsis) pilosus].</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve (= Bukit Timah Hill); Bukit Timah Road; Kent Ridge; Kranji; MacRitchie Reservoir; Sungei Buloh .</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species appears associated mostly with primary and old or mature secondary habitats, including mangrove forest. The ants were often found on trees or lower vegetation; nests have been collected from dead twigs and tree boles.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833179FF89FF6778FCFDAAF9B7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833179FF89FD4B7A9CFC61FD37.text	03B687833179FF89FD4B7A9CFC61FD37.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Colobopsis leonardi subsp. gracilenta (Viehmeyer 1916)	<div><p>Colobopsis leonardi gracilenta (Viehmeyer, 1916)</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Type queen – FOCOL2515 (ZMHB) [as Camponotus (Colobopsis) pilosus subsp. gracilentus] .</p><p>Literature. Type – Viehmeyer (1916); Overbeck (1924) [both as Camponotus (Colobopsis) pilosus subsp. gracilentus].</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Road</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Garden.</p><p>Remarks. This subspecies was first described and is only known based on a single queen collected from a lit-lamp in a garden; no workers have yet to be formally described. Type locality in Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833179FF89FD4B7A9CFC61FD37	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833179FF89FD4B78DCFB2DFB17.text	03B687833179FF89FD4B78DCFB2DFB17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Colobopsis moeschi subsp. lygaea (Viehmeyer 1916)	<div><p>Colobopsis moeschi lygaea (Viehmeyer, 1916)</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Types – FOCOL2270-2271 (ZMHB) [as Camponotus (Myrmamblys) moeschi var. lygaea] .</p><p>Literature. Type – Viehmeyer (1916); Overbeck (1924) [both as Camponotus (Myrmamblys) moeschi var. lygaea].</p><p>Localities. Ayer Terjun (archaic place name)</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. No information available on macrohabitat; ants of the type series were found in Nepenthes pitcher cups. Nepenthes pitcher plants are usually found in old or mature secondary forest.</p><p>Remarks. Type locality in Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833179FF89FD4B78DCFB2DFB17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833179FF89FD4B7F3CFB56F937.text	03B687833179FF89FD4B7F3CFB56F937.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Colobopsis rothneyi (Forel 1893)	<div><p>Colobopsis rothneyi (Forel, 1893)</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916), Overbeck (1924) [as Camponotus (Colobopsis) rothneyi].</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Hill</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Deducing from its reported locality in Singapore, this species is probably associated mostly with primary and/or mature secondary forest. Nests have been found in hollow branches.</p><p>Remarks. At the time of writing, there are only literature records of this species in Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833179FF89FD4B7F3CFB56F937	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833178FF88FF0F7A9CFD1AFD97.text	03B687833178FF88FF0F7A9CFD1AFD97.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Colobopsis rothneyi subsp. krafti (Forel 1901)	<div><p>Colobopsis rothneyi krafti (Forel, 1901)</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Type queen – Forel (1901) [as Camponotus (Colobopsis) rothneyi r. krafti].</p><p>Localities. Unknown.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. None available.</p><p>Remarks. Type locality in Singapore. This subspecies was first described and is only known based on a single queen collected from Singapore by Dr. H. Kraft in late May 1894 (Forel 1901). Whereabouts of the physical type specimen are unknown at the time of writing.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833178FF88FF0F7A9CFD1AFD97	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833178FF88FF0F78BCFBA5FED7.text	03B687833178FF88FF0F78BCFBA5FED7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Colobopsis vitrea (Smith 1860)	<div><p>Colobopsis vitrea (Smith, 1860)</p><p>Material examined. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.73053&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.4461945" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.73053/lat 1.4461945)">Admiralty</a>, 4 Feb 2015, W. Wang leg., abandoned park, ZRC _ ENT00000974; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.73053&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.4461945" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.73053/lat 1.4461945)">Bukit Timah forest</a>, 3 Nov 1973, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _ HYM_00000968; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.73053&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.4461945" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.73053/lat 1.4461945)">Tyersall Istana</a>, 9 Jun 1985, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _HYM_0000969; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.73053&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.4461945" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.73053/lat 1.4461945)">Catchment forest</a> (= <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.73053&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.4461945" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.73053/lat 1.4461945)">Central Catchment Nature Reserve</a>), 15 Sep 1964, D.H. Murphy leg., trunk, ZRC _HYM_0000970; Mandai forest, 15 Jan 2020, W. Wang leg., horizontal trunk of tree, ZRC _ ENT00027940; Pulau Ubin, PU 1, 1°25’11.64’’N, 103°56’6.252’’E, 25 Aug-1 Sep 2012, J. Puniamoorthy et al. leg., malaise trap, Reg. 29436, ZRC _ BDP0015995; Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve, SB 1, 1°26’46.3’’N, 103°43’49.9’’E, 16 m, 2012-2014, J. Puniamoorthy et al. leg., malaise trap, ZRC _BDP (multiple) .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916), Overbeck (1924) [both as Camponotus (Colobopsis) vitreus].</p><p>Localities. Admiralty; Bukit Timah forest; Bukit Timah Road; Central Catchment Nature Reserve; Mandai forest; Pulau Ubin; Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve; Tyersall Istana.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species is associated with both mature and young secondary habitat in Singapore, often disturbed secondary forest fragments in urban or semi-urban settings, also abandoned park forests. Alates have been collected using malaise traps from mangrove back forests, but actual nesting sites in mangroves have yet to be found. Colonies have been found in withered bamboo, decayed wood, and hollow twigs of mangosteen trees. Individuals were also found foraging on trunks of living trees.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833178FF88FF0F78BCFBA5FED7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833178FF88FD737B43FBE7FC17.text	03B687833178FF88FD737B43FBE7FC17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Colobopsis vitrea subsp. angustula (Emery 1925)	<div><p>Colobopsis vitrea angustula (Emery, 1925)</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. CASENT0915605, ANTC34823 (NHMW)</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916), Overbeck (1924) [as Camponotus (Colobopsis) vitreus var. angustata].</p><p>Localities. Ayer Terjun (archaic place name); Bukit Timah Road; Changi.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Colonies have been found in rotten wood and bamboo in gardens; nests seem to occupy deserted termite tunnels or cavities. One colony was reported to be nesting in the stem of a fern, hollowed out to around five feet above ground, with small round entrance holes scattered some distance apart (from each other).</p><p>Remarks. The very first recorded specimen of this species was an alate queen collected by Ranson in 1870, from Changi.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833178FF88FD737B43FBE7FC17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833178FF88FD737E03FB78FA77.text	03B687833178FF88FD737E03FB78FA77.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Colobopsis vitrea subsp. vittatula (Forel 1913)	<div><p>Colobopsis vitrea vittatula (Forel, 1913)</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916); Overbeck (1924).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Road</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Garden.</p><p>Remarks. This subspecies was first described and is only known based on a single queen from Sumatra. Likewise, the only known record of the subspecies in Singapore is that of a single queen collected from a lit-lamp in a garden.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833178FF88FD737E03FB78FA77	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833178FF8BFD737FE3FB42FE37.text	03B687833178FF8BFD737FE3FB42FE37.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dinomyrmex gigas (Latreille 1802)	<div><p>Dinomyrmex gigas (Latreille, 1802)</p><p>Material examined. Alate queen, Bukit Batok St. 21, 28 May 2018, Faith leg., ZRC _ ENT00000990 ; Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, North View Path, 15 Aug 2009, T.M. Leong et al. leg., ZRC _6_21680; Bukit Timah forest, 16 Jul 1965, P. H.L. leg., ZRC _HYM_0000939; dealate queen, Holland Close, 11 Dec 2019, K. Lim leg., ZRC _ ENT00014092; Kent Ridge, 20 Dec 1989, K.Yong leg., ZRC _HYM_0000156; alate queen, Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum (NUS), ground floor, 21 Jan 2019, S.H. Tan leg., ZRC _ ENT00047825; alate queen, same locality as previous, main lobby, 12 Mar 2018, T. Mokan leg., ZRC _ ENT00000900; Lower Peirce Reservoir Road, Aug 1990, collector unknown, ZRC _ ENT00000218; Lower Peirce Reservoir, Forest B, 7 Aug 1990, collector unknown, ZRC _ ENT00000096; Lower Peirce Reservoir, Forest A, 8 Aug 1990, collector unknown, ZRC _ ENT00000118; same locality as previous, 25 Aug 1990, collector unknown, ZRC _ ENT00000185; same locality as previous, 18 Aug 1990, collector unknown, ZRC _HM_0000146; MacRitchie Catchment Reservoir (Reserve), 25 Apr 1994, J.C. leg., NS 125B, ZRC _HYM_0000070; same locality, 9 Jan 2014, Sk. Yamane leg. (SKYC); Nee Soon Swamp Forest, 7 Jun 1990, H.K. Lua leg., 106, ZRC _HYM_0000134; locality unknown, 25 Dec 1967, G.W. Classy leg., ZRC _HYM_0000940-941, 943-944; locality unknown, 2 Jan 1968, same collector as previous, ZRC _HYM_0000942; workers and alates, Nee Soon Swamp Forest, 2012-2014, J. Puniamoorthy et al. leg., malaise trap, ZRC _BDP (multiple) .</p><p>Material not physically examined. CASENT0280278, PSW09574 (PSWC); FMNHINS0000045763-45764, FMNH.Emu. CE.IRN_163906 (FMNH, Chicago, USA).</p><p>Literature. Smith (1857) [as Formica gigas]; Viehmeyer (1916), Overbeck (1924) [as Camponotus (Dinomyrmex) gigas]; Tan &amp; Corlett (2012) [as Camponotus gigas].</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve (= Bukit Timah Hill); Kent Ridge; Lower Peirce Reservoir; MacRitchie Catchment Reserve; Nee Soon Swamp Forest .</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species is associated mostly with primary and old or mature secondary habitat in Singapore, including swamp forests. These large ants have been observed nesting in huge fallen logs or rotting wood close to bases of mature trees. Solitary workers were usually found foraging over wide areas of forest, sometimes even in grassland adjacent to forest edges.</p><p>Remarks. Alates, typically queens, have occasionally been found in urban dwellings or residential areas somewhat far away from their original nest sites (i.e., forested areas). These locations cannot be strictly considered as ‘localities’ for the species, since they do not correspond to where actual nests occur. Queens are known to fly over long distances away from the source nest during dispersal.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833178FF8BFD737FE3FB42FE37	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783317BFF8BFD4B7BDCFC1EF937.text	03B68783317BFF8BFD4B7BDCFC1EF937.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Echinopla lineata Mayr 1862	<div><p>Echinopla lineata Mayr, 1862</p><p>Material examined. Kent Ridge, 24 Jun 1985, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _HYM_0000249 ; Kent Ridge Park, 11 Jan 2014, Sk. Yamane leg., ZRC _HYM_0000403; Kranji mangrove, 2 Jul 1985, D.H. Murphy leg., DHM-SG85- <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.88555&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.40518" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.88555/lat 1.40518)">Poly</a> 1, ZRC _ ENT00027955; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.88555&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.40518" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.88555/lat 1.40518)">Linden Drive</a> kampong, 27 Mar 1975, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _HYM_0000918-919; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.88555&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.40518" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.88555/lat 1.40518)">Mandai</a> mangroves, 18 Aug 1977, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _HYM_0000917; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.88555&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.40518" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.88555/lat 1.40518)">Pulau Ubin</a>, 1 Aug 2016, W. Wang leg., ZRC _ ENT00014151; Seletar Link, 1.40518, 103.88555, 23 Oct 2016, G.W. Yong leg., SL7GH1076, ZRC _ HYM_0001181; Sungei Buloh, 8 Jan 2013, Sk. Yamane leg., ZRC _HYM_0000402 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. CASENT0280335, PSW10245-4 (PSWC). In Zettel &amp; Laciny (2015): Singapore Zoo, 2 Nov 2003, H. Zettel leg. (ZCW) .</p><p>Literature. Zettel &amp; Laciny (2015).</p><p>Localities. Kent Ridge; Kent Ridge Park; Kranji mangrove; Lim Chu Kang; Linden Drive kampong; Mandai mangroves; Pulau Ubin; Seletar Link; Singapore Zoo (in Mandai); Sungei Buloh.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This arboreal species was found mainly in mangroves and young secondary forests of varying quality and levels of disturbance, such as waste woodland secondary forest fragments in urban or semi-urban settings. In mangroves, the ants have been found on lower vegetation, or nesting in felled Lumnitzera or hollow twigs of Lumnitzera . In other forests, individuals have been found in hollow branches suspended in bushes under Eugenia, also nesting in other suspended hollow branches.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783317BFF8BFD4B7BDCFC1EF937	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783317AFF8AFF0F7A9CFDD2FDD7.text	03B68783317AFF8AFF0F7A9CFDD2FDD7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Echinopla melanarctos Smith 1857	<div><p>Echinopla melanarctos Smith, 1857</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Holotype – CASENT0901878, ANTC21323 (OUMNH).</p><p>Literature. Type – Smith (1857).</p><p>Localities. Unknown.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. No information available in the Singapore context.</p><p>Remarks. Type locality in Singapore. At the time of writing, this species is only known by its primary type collected from Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783317AFF8AFF0F7A9CFDD2FDD7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783317AFF8AFF0F787CFEF1FC57.text	03B68783317AFF8AFF0F787CFEF1FC57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Echinopla rugosa Andre 1892	<div><p>Echinopla rugosa André, 1892</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916); Overbeck (1924).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Road</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. A colony was found in withered bamboo in a garden.</p><p>Remarks. At the time of writing, this species is only known from Singapore based on literature records.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783317AFF8AFF0F787CFEF1FC57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783317AFF8AFF0F79FCFD1AF918.text	03B68783317AFF8AFF0F79FCFD1AF918.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euprenolepis procera (Emery 1900)	<div><p>Euprenolepis procera (Emery, 1900)</p><p>Material examined. Nee Soon Swamp Forest, NS 1, 16-23 May 2012, J. Puniamoorthy et al. leg., malaise trap, Reg. 29246, ZRC _ BDP0015065; Mandai Road, 5-7 Dec 2016, G.W. Yong leg., pitfall trap, ZRC _ HYM_0000513; Mandai Road 1, M1D, 5-7 Dec 2016, G.W. Yong leg., pitfall trap, M1D19GPd2571, ZRC _HYM_0001182; Upper Thomson Nature Park, UT 1, 4 Oct 2016, G.W. Yong leg., UT11GH1898, ZRC _ HYM_0001183 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Nee Soon Swamp Forest; Mandai Road; Upper Thomson Nature Park.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species is associated mostly with primary or mature secondary habitat, including swamp and native-dominated secondary forest, as well as young secondary habitat such as abandoned plantation forests in Singapore.</p><p>Remarks. These ants are usually ground-foraging and were mostly collected using pitfall traps.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783317AFF8AFF0F79FCFD1AF918	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783317AFF8AFD737AE3FC46FBF8.text	03B68783317AFF8AFD737AE3FC46FBF8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gesomyrmex spatulatus Cole 1949	<div><p>Gesomyrmex spatulatus Cole, 1949</p><p>Material examined. Nassim Road, 25 Sep 1969, D.H. Murphy leg., DHM-SG69- Geso 1/2, ZRC _HYM_0000001-3 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Nassim Road</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was found nesting in old cerambycid mines or borings in live terminal twigs of a parasitic fig ( Ficus sp.) on a large fallen tree. Some individuals were also observed to be swiftly running under sunlight on the same fallen tree.</p><p>Remarks. Specimens examined confer more with G. spatulatus sensu lato in terms of petiolar and clypeal shapes, though the species G. kalshoveni Wheeler, 1929 appears more likely in terms of known geographic distribution (Indonesia (Java), as opposed to India (Assam)). The Singapore specimens may in fact be an entirely new species with characters intermediate between G. kalshoveni and G. spatulatus . Given the lack of more compelling empirical evidence at the time of writing, we tentatively treat these specimens as conspecific to G. spatulatus .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783317AFF8AFD737AE3FC46FBF8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783317AFF8AFD737E63FBC5FA17.text	03B68783317AFF8AFD737E63FBC5FA17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lepisiota rothneyi subsp. splendida (Viehmeyer 1916)	<div><p>Lepisiota rothneyi splendida (Viehmeyer, 1916)</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Types – FOCOL2227-2229 (ZMHB) [as Plagiolepis rothneyi subsp. splendida]</p><p>Literature. Type – Viehmeyer (1916) [as Acantholepis rothneyi subsp. splendida]; Overbeck (1924) [as Plagiolepis rothneyi splendida].</p><p>Localities. Ayer Terjun (archaic place name); Bukit Timah Road.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Type specimens were collected from Nepenthes pitcher cups in a garden.</p><p>Remarks. Type locality in Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783317AFF8AFD737E63FBC5FA17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783317AFF95FD737C03FED0FEB7.text	03B68783317AFF95FD737C03FED0FEB7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Myrmoteras (Myagroteras) bakeri Wheeler 1919	<div><p>Myrmoteras (Myagroteras) bakeri Wheeler, 1919</p><p>Material examined. Bukit Timah forest, 1965, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _HYM_0000866.</p><p>Material not physically examined. ANIC 32- 014953, Shattuck1345232391 (ANIC).</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve (= Bukit Timah forest).</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was found in leaf litter in primary and/or old secondary forests in Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783317AFF95FD737C03FED0FEB7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833165FF95FF677BA3FE3DFBD7.text	03B687833165FF95FF677BA3FE3DFBD7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Myrmoteras barbouri Creighton 1930	<div><p>Myrmoteras barbouri Creighton, 1930</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. ANIC 32- 014921, Shattuck1345232397 (ANIC).</p><p>Literature. Moffett (1985, 1986).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species is associated with primary and old or mature secondary forests in Singapore. Individuals can be found in leaf litter on forest floors. These ants have also been found in disturbed primary forest, at around 100 m elevation - a nest was found in a soil crevice beneath leaf litter.</p><p>Remarks. Voucher specimens of this species are unavailable in ZRC, or have not been identified from unsorted material. Original labels of material in ANIC describe habitat as ‘degraded coastal hill forest on granite’, but this may not be an accurate description of the forest in Bukit Timah Nature Reserve where specimens were collected.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833165FF95FF677BA3FE3DFBD7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833165FF95FF677E7CFB60FD97.text	03B687833165FF95FF677E7CFB60FD97.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nylanderia birmana (Forel 1902)	<div><p>Nylanderia birmana (Forel, 1902)</p><p>Material examined. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.81041&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.39095" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.81041/lat 1.39095)">Lower Peirce Reservoir Park</a>, 1.39095, 103.81041, 17 Dec 2021, W.N. Lam leg., ZRC _ ENT00057789-57790 ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.8103&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.38726" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.8103/lat 1.38726)">Upper Peirce Reservoir Park</a>, 1.38726, 103.81030, same collector and date as previous, ZRC _ ENT00057788 ; workers and alate queen, same locality and collector as previous, 27 Dec 2021, ZRC _ ENT00057791; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.8245&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.35229" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.8245/lat 1.35229)">MacRitchie Reservoir Park</a>, 1.35229, 103.82450, 21 Oct 2021, same collector as previous, ZRC _ ENT00057792 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Lower Peirce Reservoir; MacRitchie Reservoir; Upper Peirce Reservoir.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was collected from leaf litter in freshwater swamp forest, also native-dominated primary and/or secondary dryland forests.</p><p>Remarks. Nylanderia birmana resembles Paratrechina longicornis in body colour and general habitus, but can be distinguished from the latter by the following ( P. longicornis traits in parentheses): 1) head and mesosoma finely and irregularly reticulate, weakly shining or almost matte (smooth and moderately shining, weakly shagreened), 2) antennal scapes with erect macrosetae (scapes lacking erect macrosetae), 3) mesosoma and legs relatively more robust and larger, dorsal outline of promesonotum more strongly convex in lateral view (body more slender, dorsal outline of promesonotum weakly convex in lateral view).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833165FF95FF677E7CFB60FD97	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833165FF94FD4B78BCFE7FFDF7.text	03B687833165FF94FD4B78BCFE7FFDF7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nylanderia bourbonica (Forel 1886)	<div><p>Nylanderia bourbonica (Forel, 1886)</p><p>Material examined. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.02525&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.36206" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.02525/lat 1.36206)">Alate</a> queens, Changi, 1.36206, 104.02525, 7 May 2020, mercury vapour lamp, ZRC ; alate queen, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.7628&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.2012501" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.7628/lat 1.2012501)">Pulau Semakau New Fragment</a>, SMN2, 1°12’04.5’’N, 103°45’46.1’’E, 21-28 Nov 2013, J. Puniamoorthy et al. leg., replanted mangroves, malaise trap, Reg. 30285, ZRC _ BDP0015368 ; alate queen, same locality and collector as previous, 13-20 Aug 2012, replanted mangroves, malaise trap, Reg. 29431, ZRC _ BDP0015362; male, Pulau Ubin, PU 2, 1°24’39.1”N, 103°59’23.2”E, 22-29 Sep 2012, J. Puniamoorthy et al. leg., mangroves, malaise trap, Reg. 29489, ZRC _ BDP00008654 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Changi; Pulau Semakau; Pulau Ubin.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. A recognized tramp species that has spread nearly worldwide to tropical or subtropical areas mainly via human commerce (Wetterer 1998), N. bourbonica identified from Singapore appears to occur in a fairly broad range of habitats at varied levels of human disturbance. These habitats include disturbed secondary forest fragments in semi-urban settings, also replanted mangroves and old growth mangrove forests.</p><p>Remarks. At the time of writing, the examined material (comprising only winged alates) could not be confidently established as N. bourbonica with absolute certainty. The species appears to be morphologically variable across populations, and therein lies the possibility that some of these populations may actually be different, albeit closely-related, species. In view of this taxonomic conundrum, though there are slight differences between the morphology of the Singapore specimens and that of the type images, we tentatively consider the Singapore specimens to be conspecific. Species validity should be reassessed in future when more empirical evidence such as DNA is made available for global populations of N. bourbonica .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833165FF94FD4B78BCFE7FFDF7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833164FF94FF0F7863FDF1FB97.text	03B687833164FF94FF0F7863FDF1FB97.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nylanderia clandestina (Mayr 1870)	<div><p>Nylanderia clandestina (Mayr, 1870)</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Queen and male types – FOCOL2715-2716 (ZMHB) [as Prenolepis clandestina] .</p><p>Literature. Queen and male types – Viehmeyer (1916); Overbeck (1924) [as Prenolepis (Nylanderia) clandestina].</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Road</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. A colony was found under the bark of a fallen branch on the ground in a garden.</p><p>Remarks. While the species was first described based on a worker collected from Java (Mayr 1870), the queen and male were only described later on by Viehmeyer (1916) using specimens collected by Overbeck in Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833164FF94FF0F7863FDF1FB97	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833164FF94FF0F7E83FBECFDF7.text	03B687833164FF94FF0F7E83FBECFDF7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nylanderia kraepelini (Forel 1905)	<div><p>Nylanderia kraepelini (Forel, 1905)</p><p>Material examined. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.77731&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.36385" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.77731/lat 1.36385)">Dairy Farm Nature Park</a>, 1.36385, 103.77731, 15 Oct 2021, W.N. Lam leg., ZRC _ ENT00057794 ; MacRitchie Reservoir Park, 12-27 Oct 2021, same collector as previous, ZRC _ ENT00057796-57797 , ZRC _ ENT00057800-57802; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.93272&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.41984" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.93272/lat 1.41984)">Pulau Ubin</a>, 1.41984, 103.93272, 17 Nov 2021, same collector as previous, ZRC _ ENT00057795 ; workers and alate queen, Upper Peirce Reservoir Park, 11-27 Oct 2021, same collector as previous, ZRC _ ENT00057793, ZRC _ ENT00057798- 57799, ZRC _ ENT00057803-57804 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Dairy Farm; MacRitchie Reservoir; Pulau Ubin; Upper Peirce Reservoir.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was collected from leaf litter in primary and/or old or mature secondary dryland forests, and swamp forest. Individuals were often numerous when found.</p><p>Remarks. Nylanderia kraepelini can be distinguished from other congeners by: 1) its relative small size (i.e., 1.3 – 1.4 mm), 2) microreticulate head and gaster - in contrast with a smooth and shining mesosoma, 3) relatively small eye — roughly 6-8 ommatidia along its maximum diameter in profile.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833164FF94FF0F7E83FBECFDF7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833164FF94FD73781CFBA1FC77.text	03B687833164FF94FD73781CFBA1FC77.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nylanderia yerburyi (Forel 1894)	<div><p>Nylanderia yerburyi (Forel, 1894)</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Forel (1912) [as Prenolepis yerburyi].</p><p>Localities. Unknown.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Unknown in the Singapore context.</p><p>Remarks. At the time of writing, there is only a single literature record of this species in Singapore (i.e., Forel 1912).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833164FF94FD73781CFBA1FC77	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833164FF97FD73799CFB44FCF7.text	03B687833164FF97FD73799CFB44FCF7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oecophylla smaragdina (Fabricius 1775)	<div><p>Oecophylla smaragdina (Fabricius, 1775)</p><p>Material examined. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.93598&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.34239" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.93598/lat 1.34239)">Bukit Batok East Avenue</a> 6, 1.34304, 103.76235, 5 Oct 2016, G.W. Yong leg., BB6, ZRC _HYM_0001477-1478; same locality and collector as previous, 29 Sep 2016, ZRC _HYM_0001479-1481; Hougang Avenue 4, 1.34561, 103.88884, 14 Dec 2016, G.W. Yong leg., HA1GH914, ZRC _ HYM_0001488; same locality and collector as previous, 12 Dec 2016, HA3TH932, ZRC _HYM_0001489; Icube, National University of Singapore, 1.293472, 103.77633, May-Sep 2015, M.S. Foo &amp; W. Wang leg., malaise trap, ZRC _BDP (multiple); Prince George’s Park Residences (NUS), 1.29239, 103.77869, Apr-Jul 2015, same collectors as previous, malaise trap, ZRC _BDP (multiple); University Town (NUS), 1.30622, 103.77458, May-Sep 2015, same collectors as previous, malaise trap, ZRC _BDP (multiple); Kranji Road, 1.42638, 103.75413, 8-10 Nov 2016, G.W. Yong leg., KR1, ZRC _HYM_0001461 – 1466; same locality and collector as previous, 8 Nov 2016, KR4, ZRC _HYM_0001467; same locality and collector as previous, 1 Nov 2016, KR8, ZRC _HYM_0001460; Pulau Ubin, 7 Jan 2014, Sk. Yamane leg., ZRC _HYM_0000379; Seletar Link, 1.40518, 103.88555, 25 Oct 2016, G.W. Yong leg., SL4GH1019, ZRC _HYM_0001490; Sunset Way, 1.32609, 103.77187, Aug-Sep 2016, G.W. Yong leg., SW2, ZRC _HYM_0001469- 1470; same locality and collector as previous, 23 Sep 2016, SW4GH309, ZRC _ HYM_0001471; same locality, collection date and collector as previous, SW6GH356, ZRC _HYM_0001472; same locality and collector as previous, 21-23 Sep 2016, pitfall trap, SW7, ZRC _HYM_0001172, 1473-1475; waste woodland beside Temasek Polytechnic, 1.34239, 103.93598, 13-15 Dec 2016, G.W. Yong leg., TT1, ZRC _HYM_0001482-1485; same locality, collection date and collector as previous, TT3, ZRC _HYM_0001486-1487. Pulau Semakau New Fragment, 1°12›04.5››N, 103°45›46.1››E, 2012, J. Puniamoorthy et al. leg., replanted mangroves, malaise trap, SMN2, ZRC _BDP (multiple) .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Non-types, ANIC32-043666, 043928-043929, Tom Gush Collection 3698/3714 (ANIC); ANIC32- 043930, Tom Gush Collection 3682 (ANIC). Non-types, J.K. Wetterer leg. (USNM) – Katong, Amber Road, 28 Jul 2014, vial #340, 349; Marine Parade, 28 Jul 2014, vial #357; City Hall, by church, 29 Jul 2014, vial #378; Dhoby Ghaut, Istana Park, 30 Jul 2014, vials #406 – 418; Punggol Point, 30 Jul 2014, vial #393; Katong, 1 Aug 2014, vials #443, 450; Promenade, by MRT station, 4 Aug 2014, vial #468; Pasir Panjang, by MRT station, 5 Aug 2014, vial #484.</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916), Overbeck (1924); Tan &amp; Corlett (2012); Yong et al. (2017); Wang et al. (2018).</p><p>Localities. Amber Road (Katong); Bukit Batok East; Bukit Timah Road; City Hall; Dhoby Ghaut; Hougang; Katong; Kranji; Marine Parade; National University of Singapore (NUS); Pasir Panjang; Promenade; Pulau Semakau New Fragment; Pulau Ubin; Punggol Point; Seletar Link; Sunset Way, etc.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species can be found in a broad range of different habitats with varying levels of disturbance in Singapore, including cultivated vegetation in semi-urban settings such as urban parks or overhead planters, also in both mature and young secondary forests and even mangroves. In parks, individuals have been seen on stone surfaces and foliage, sometimes in or on leaf litter. The species is known to create rather conspicuous nests comprising a ball-like structure of interwoven leaves and silken substrate, typically in bushes or shrubs pavement-side. Occasionally, large nests have been spotted in the crowns of large dipterocarp trees, which are typically mistaken for hornet hives by observers from afar.</p><p>Remarks. A highly aggressive and behaviourally dominant species that is apparently used for pest control in plantations such as oil palm.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833164FF97FD73799CFB44FCF7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833167FF97FD4B791CFB2DFAB7.text	03B687833167FF97FD4B791CFB2DFAB7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Overbeckia subclavata Viehmeyer 1916	<div><p>Overbeckia subclavata Viehmeyer, 1916</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Types – FOCOL2564-2568 (ZMHB) [w.q.m.]; FOCOL0130 (DEIC); CASENT0905180 (MSNG) [male]; CASENT0178502 (MCZ). Non-types – CASENT0101191-92, ANTC3162-63 (NHMB, Basel, Switzerland) .</p><p>Literature. Type – Viehmeyer (1916); Overbeck (1924).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Road</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Colonies, including that of the type series, were found in withered bamboo, and in hollow branches of mangosteen trees in a garden.</p><p>Remarks. Type locality in Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833167FF97FD4B791CFB2DFAB7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833167FF96FD4B7F5CFC68FDB7.text	03B687833167FF96FD4B7F5CFC68FDB7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paraparatrechina malaccana (Viehmeyer 1916)	<div><p>Paraparatrechina malaccana (Viehmeyer, 1916) stat. n.</p><p>Prenolepis (Nylanderia) butteli subsp. malaccana Viehmeyer, 1916: 147 (w.)</p><p>Combination in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery 1925: 220.</p><p>Combination in Paraparatrechina: LaPolla et al. 2010: 128.</p><p>Material examined. MacRitchie Reservoir, 9 Jan 2014, Sk. Yamane leg., SG14-SKY-39, ZRC _HYM_0000439; Island Club forest (sic; in MacRitchie Reservoir), 20 May 1985, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _HYM_0000774; Central Catchment Nature Reserve, 10 Sep 2011, E.J.Y. Soh leg., ZRC _ ENT00048008; Upper Thomson Nature Park, Sep-Oct 2016, G.W. Yong et al. leg., ZRC _ ENT00057813-57817; Bukit Batok East Avenue 6, 27-29 Sep 2016, G.W. Yong et al. leg., ZRC _ ENT00049050, 57818; Mandai Road, Nov-Dec 2016, G.W. Yong et al. leg., ZRC _ ENT00057819-57821; Sunset Way, 22 Aug 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _ ENT00049056-49057 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Bukit Batok; Central Catchment Nature Reserve; MacRitchie Reservoir; Mandai Road; Sunset Way; Upper Thomson Nature Park.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was found in both young and old/mature secondary forest, largely on shrubs or foliage. Individuals were sometimes collected by manual beating of vegetation, and in one instance, in a pitfall trap.</p><p>Remarks. Paraparatrechina malaccana was originally recognized as a subspecies of P. butteli (Forel, 1913) . Based on our assessment of local specimens and comparisons with online type images and original descriptions, we believe that the subspecies malaccana is distinct from P. butteli and should be raised to species.</p><p>Workers of both species can be differentiated based on the following ( P. butteli traits in parentheses): 1) head rounded in full-face view, sides convex, eyes very wide apart from each other, positioned above transverse midline of head (head more elongate-oval, longer than wide, eyes positioned at transverse midline of head), 2) head with bluish-green sheen, rest of body mostly brownish with a faintly-metallic purple or violet sheen (head and body largely uniformly blackish brown or brown and shiny, but shimmer not coloured as in P. malaccana), 3) meso- and meta- pleura mostly smooth and shining (same lateral faces finely reticulate and weakly shining), 4) mid- and hind tibiae and tarsi pale-whitish, distal ends of femora articulating with those tibiae also distinctly pale-whitish, tibiae with faint traces of brown – intensity of brown traces varies among individuals (mid- and hind tibiae brown, distal ends of femora mostly pale-brown and not strongly contrasting with rest of brown femur, tarsi pale-whitish).</p><p>We have also observed isometric size polymorphism amongst individuals from the same sample, with the smallest individuals of total length ~ 1mm, and larger individuals about 1.5 – 2 mm.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833167FF96FD4B7F5CFC68FDB7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833166FF91FD7378A3FD3FFD77.text	03B687833166FF91FD7378A3FD3FFD77.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paraparatrechina opaca (Emery 1887)	<div><p>Paraparatrechina opaca (Emery, 1887)</p><p>Material examined. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.79839&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.38311" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.79839/lat 1.38311)">Upper Peirce Reservoir</a>, 10 Jan 2014, Sk. Yamane leg., SG14-SKY-52, ZRC _HYM_0000466; Upper Thomson Nature Park, 1.38311, 103.79839, 9-11 Oct 2016, G.W. Yong leg., UT6, ZRC _ HYM_0001686-1689; same locality, collection date/s and collector as previous, UT1, ZRC _HYM_0001690-1691 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Upper Peirce Reservoir; Upper Thomson Nature Park.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species is associated mostly with primary or mature secondary habitat in Singapore, also sometimes in young secondary habitat such as abandoned plantation secondary forests. These ants may be found foraging on tree trunks or in low foliage.</p><p>Remarks. Based on original descriptions (see Emery 1900) and type images on AntWeb, the subspecies metallescens differs from P. opaca in terms of having pale leg joints and basal half of antennal scape; in the type of P. opaca, leg joints are as brown as the rest of the leg, basal half of antennal scape not so pale. We have, however, observed that the aforementioned characters can occur in intermediate states among nest mates of P. opaca, thus these traits may not accurately distinguish between species/subspecies.</p><p>Moreover, according to Emery (1900), the subspecies metallescens can also be distinguished from P. opaca by being smaller (i.e., TL 2.25 mm compared to 2.75 mm), and mesosoma having a purplish or greenish metallic sheen. The mesosoma of P. opaca specimens we examined however, also had a blue-greenish metallic sheen, despite them not having other supposedly diagnostic characters of subspecies metallescens mentioned in the previous paragraph.</p><p>Considering the above observations, and the isometric size variation shown in other species of this genus, it is possible that the subspecies metallescens may be a synonymous variant of P. opaca . We lack adequate material from a wider geographic range necessary to make definite taxonomic conclusions concerning the two forms in this study.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833166FF91FD7378A3FD3FFD77	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833161FF91FF6778E3FBF2F977.text	03B687833161FF91FF6778E3FBF2F977.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paratrechina longicornis (Latreille 1802)	<div><p>Paratrechina longicornis (Latreille, 1802)</p><p>Material examined. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.77187&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.32609" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.77187/lat 1.32609)">Bukit Timah Nature Reserve</a>, 8 Sep 2005, collector unknown, yellow pan trap, ZRC _HYM_0000163; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.77187&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.32609" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.77187/lat 1.32609)">Commonwealth Avenue West</a>, 21 Nov 2006, HK Lua leg., LHK 464, ZRC _HYM_0000167; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.77187&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.32609" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.77187/lat 1.32609)">Commonwealth Road</a>, 1.31115, 103.78171, 22-24 Nov 2016, G.W.Yong leg., CW3/4, ZRC _HYM_0001525- 1527; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.77187&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.32609" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.77187/lat 1.32609)">HougangAvenue</a> 4, 1.34561, 103.88884, 12-14 Dec 2016, G.W. Yong leg., trunk pitfall trap, HA4TPd952, ZRC _HYM_0001528; workers and males, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.77187&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.32609" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.77187/lat 1.32609)">National University</a> of Singapore campus, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.77187&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.32609" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.77187/lat 1.32609)">Apr-Sep</a> 2015, M.S. Foo &amp; W. Wang leg., malaise trap, ZRC _BDP (multiple); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.77187&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.32609" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.77187/lat 1.32609)">Kent Ridge Park</a>, 11 Jan 2014, Sk. Yamane leg., ZRC _HYM_0000400; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.77187&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.32609" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.77187/lat 1.32609)">Kent Ridge</a>, 6 Jan 1983, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _HYM_0000621; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.77187&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.32609" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.77187/lat 1.32609)">Nee Soon Swamp Forest</a>, 5 Apr 2005, P. Grootaert leg., malaise trap, PGT 25046-25048, ZRC _ HYM_0000166; Pulau Ubin, 7 Jan 2014, Sk. Yamane leg., ZRC _HYM_0000401; Sungei Buloh, Feb 2015, R.Z.B. Quek leg., mangrove, ZRC _ ENT00007862; Sunset Way, 1.32609, 103.77187, Aug-Sep 2016, G.W. Yong leg., SW1/4/5, ZRC _HYM_0001491-1512 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Non-types, ANIC32-010873 (in timber imported from Singapore), ANIC32-053856 (ANIC). Non-types, J.K. Wetterer leg. (USNM) – Bishan, 31 Jul 2014, vial #423; Buona Vista, by MRT station, 5 Aug 2014, vial #485; City Hall, by church, Jul-Aug 2014, vials #376, 489; Dhoby Ghaut, Istana Park, 30 Jul 2014, vial #403; Hougang, 30 Jul 2014, vial #402; Kallang, Riverside Park, 29 Jul 2014, vial #373; Katong, Jul-Aug 2014, vials #328, 334, 349, 444, 447; Kranji, by MRT station, 2 Aug 2014, vial #452; Little India, 27 Jul 2014, vial #330; Marine Parade, Jul-Aug 2014, vials #353, 370, 436; Mountbatten, by MRT station, 4 Aug 2014, vial #464; Pasir Panjang, by MRT station, 5 Aug 2014, vial #481; Promenade, by MRT station, 4 Aug 2014, vial #468; Punggol, by MRT station, 30 Jul 2014, vial #391; Queenstown, 29 Jul 2014, vials #382, 384; Serangoon, 30 Jul 2014, vial #389; Singapore Botanic Gardens, by MRT station, 5 Aug 2014, vial #476; Tai Seng, by MRT station, 31 Jul 2014, vial #422.</p><p>Literature. Wetterer (2008); Tan &amp; Corlett (2012); Yong et al. (2017); Wang et al. (2018a).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; Commonwealth Avenue West; Commonwealth Road; Dhoby Ghaut; Fort Canning Park; Hougang; Katong; Kent Ridge; Kranji; Little India; Marine Parade; Mountbatten; National University of Singapore campus; Nee Soon Swamp Forest; Pasir Panjang; Promenade; Pulau Ubin; Punggol; Queenstown; Serangoon; Singapore Botanic Gardens; Sungei Buloh; Sunset Way; Tai Seng.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This infamous invasive pest is mostly associated with areas of or close to human disturbance in Singapore, such as parks in semi-urban settings and urban residential areas. The ants are also common in young secondary forest fragments and at forest edges, for example waste woodlands and abandoned plantation secondary forests. The species appears tolerant of a broad range of different environment stressors, and has been collected from inland forest fragments, swamp forest, even mangroves.</p><p>Remarks. A well-known widespread global tramp species spread by human commerce and often ubiquitous in heavily disturbed environments, the earliest known record of P. longicornis in Singapore is a specimen in the BMNH dated back to 1931 (Wetterer 2008).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833161FF91FF6778E3FBF2F977	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833160FF90FF0F7A9CFD1AFDF7.text	03B687833160FF90FF0F7A9CFD1AFDF7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Plagiolepis bicolor Forel 1901	<div><p>Plagiolepis bicolor Forel, 1901</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916); Overbeck (1924).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Road</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Colonies of this species were found under bark or in hollow twigs of mangosteen trees.</p><p>Remarks. At the time of writing, there are only literature records of this species in Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833160FF90FF0F7A9CFD1AFDF7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833160FF90FF0F781CFD1AFC37.text	03B687833160FF90FF0F781CFD1AFC37.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Plagiolepis exigua Forel 1894	<div><p>Plagiolepis exigua Forel, 1894</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916); Overbeck (1924).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Road</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Garden – colonies were found in withered shoots of bamboo near ground, between long fibres of withered bamboo, in dry fallen branches, and in hollow twigs of mangosteen trees.</p><p>Remarks. At the time of writing, there are only literature records of this species in Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833160FF90FF0F781CFD1AFC37	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833160FF90FF0F79DCFD1AFAB7.text	03B687833160FF90FF0F79DCFD1AFAB7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyrhachis (Campomyrma) creusa Emery 1897	<div><p>Polyrhachis (Campomyrma) creusa Emery, 1897</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916), Overbeck (1924) [both as Polyrhachis (Myrmhopla) hecuba].</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Road</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. A colony was found in withered bamboo in a garden.</p><p>Remarks. At the time of writing, there are only literature records of this species in Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833160FF90FF0F79DCFD1AFAB7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833160FF90FF0F7F5CFCFEFE37.text	03B687833160FF90FF0F7F5CFCFEFE37.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyrhachis (Chariomyrma) arcuata (Le Guillou 1842)	<div><p>Polyrhachis (Chariomyrma) arcuata (Le Guillou, 1842)</p><p>Material examined. University Campus (Bukit Timah), 9 Oct 1975, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _ HYM_0000895; same locality and collector as previous, 7 Nov 1977, ZRC _HYM_0000979 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Forel (1907); Viehmeyer (1916); Overbeck (1924).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Road; University Campus (Bukit Timah).</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was found in gardens or patches of spontaneous vegetation in semi-urban settings.</p><p>Remarks. Polyrhachis arcuata might be more common than is represented by samples available for examination and in literature, especially in parks or other cultivated or spontaneous vegetation patches in the larger urban matrix.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833160FF90FF0F7F5CFCFEFE37	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833160FF90FD737BDCFC03FC17.text	03B687833160FF90FD737BDCFC03FC17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyrhachis (Chariomyrma) modesta Smith 1857	<div><p>Polyrhachis (Chariomyrma) modesta Smith, 1857</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Holotype queen – CASENT0901853, ANTC21297 (OUMNH).</p><p>Literature. Type – Smith (1857). Emery (1896).</p><p>Localities. Unknown.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Unknown in the Singapore context.</p><p>Remarks. Type locality in Singapore. This species was first described based on the holotype alate queen collected from Singapore. Neither worker nor male descriptions have been published.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833160FF90FD737BDCFC03FC17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833160FF90FD737E3CFC70F977.text	03B687833160FF90FD737E3CFC70F977.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyrhachis (Cyrtomyrma) laevissima Smith 1858	<div><p>Polyrhachis (Cyrtomyrma) laevissima Smith, 1858</p><p>Material examined. Tyersall Istana, 9 Jun 1985, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _HYM_0000839-841; Fort Siloso (Sentosa), 16 Dec 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _HYM_0001045; Bukit Timah, railway track, 12 Dec 2008, H.K. Lua leg., ZRC _ ENT00048390 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916), Overbeck (1924) [as Polyrhachis levissima].</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah; Fort Siloso (Sentosa); Tyersall Istana.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species appears to be associated with cultivated or spontaneous secondary vegetation in semi-urban settings. Colonies were found in withered bamboo in gardens, also in shrub foliage surrounding an abandoned building.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833160FF90FD737E3CFC70F977	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833163FF93FF677A9CFD66FD57.text	03B687833163FF93FF677A9CFD66FD57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyrhachis (Cyrtomyrma) lepida Kohout 2006	<div><p>Polyrhachis (Cyrtomyrma) lepida Kohout, 2006</p><p>Material examined. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.77702&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.40144" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.77702/lat 1.40144)">Mandai</a>, 1.40144, 103.77702, 7 Apr 2016, collector unknown, ZRC _ ENT00028312 ; Upper Peirce Reservoir, 10 Jan 2014, Sk. Yamane leg., ZRC _ HYM_0000397-398; MacRitchie Reservoir, 9 Jan 2014, Sk. Yamane leg. (SKYC) .</p><p>Material not physically examined. FMNHINS0002842043, tc1357710853 (FMNH).</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. MacRitchie Reservoir; Mandai; Upper Peirce Reservoir.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species is associated with primary or mature secondary habitat in Singapore, including mature/old secondary forest.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833163FF93FF677A9CFD66FD57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833163FF93FF6778FCFE41FAF7.text	03B687833163FF93FF6778FCFE41FAF7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyrhachis (Myrma) beccarii Mayr 1872	<div><p>Polyrhachis (Myrma) beccarii Mayr, 1872</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Mezger &amp; Moreau (2015).</p><p>Localities. Unknown.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Unknown in the Singapore context.</p><p>Remarks. At the time of writing, there is only a single literature record of this species in Singapore (see Mezger &amp; Moreau 2015) – no specific locality or collection data were given in publication. Considering that we are unable to verify and validate the source and identity of the specimen used in Mezger &amp; Moreau’s (2015) phylogeny, we cannot rule out the possibility that this may have been a misidentified specimen.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833163FF93FF6778FCFE41FAF7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833163FF93FF677F1CFBDCFE57.text	03B687833163FF93FF677F1CFBDCFE57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyrhachis (Myrma) carbonaria Smith 1857	<div><p>Polyrhachis (Myrma) carbonaria Smith, 1857</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. CASENT0919849, ANTC42479 (CASC).</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah (alt. 100 ft.; possibly Bukit Timah Hill)</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Unknown in the Singapore context – exact information unavailable from original label of unexamined material. However, it may be inferred that the ant was found in either mature secondary or primary forest, since it was possibly collected from Bukit Timah Hill, which is an established nature reserve with both forest types.</p><p>Remarks. At the time of writing, the only record of this species is that of a single worker from Bukit Timah collected in 1962 by E.S. Ross and D.Q. Cavagnaro, species identity determined by the late Rudy Kohout.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833163FF93FF677F1CFBDCFE57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833163FF93FD4B7BC3FB6EFC77.text	03B687833163FF93FD4B7BC3FB6EFC77.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyrhachis (Myrma) hosei Donisthorpe 1942	<div><p>Polyrhachis (Myrma) hosei Donisthorpe, 1942</p><p>Material examined. Kent Ridge Park, 11 Jan 2014, Sk. Yamane leg., ZRC _HYM_00000480 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Kent Ridge Park</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. The ants were found foraging on spontaneous vegetation in a semi-urban park setting.</p><p>Remarks. This species is currently known from Singapore based on specimens from only one locality, but may be more ubiquitous than implied by apparent sampling occurrence.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833163FF93FD4B7BC3FB6EFC77	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833163FF92FD4B79E3FD1AF977.text	03B687833163FF92FD4B79E3FD1AF977.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyrhachis (Myrma) illaudata Walker 1859	<div><p>Polyrhachis (Myrma) illaudata Walker, 1859</p><p>Material examined. Bukit Timah, Hindhede Drive, 17 Apr 1988, H.K. Lua leg., ZRC _ ENT00000331; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.79839&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.38311" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.79839/lat 1.38311)">Bukit Timah Nature Reserve</a>, BT 01, 1.35764, 103.77491, 1 Feb 2017, W. Wang leg., WW-SG17-039, ZRC _ ENT00007569; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.79839&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.38311" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.79839/lat 1.38311)">Bukit Timah forest</a>, 3 Nov 1973, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _ HYM_0000854, 857-860; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.79839&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.38311" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.79839/lat 1.38311)">Bukit Timah Nature Reserve</a>, BT 05, 1.35386, 103.77988, ZRC _HYM_0001753; Bukit Timah (University Campus), 7 Nov 1977, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _HYM_0000861; Commonwealth Road, 1.31115, 103.78171, 22 Nov 2016, G.W. Yong coll., tree trunk, CW2TH668, ZRC _ HYM_0001589; same locality and collector as previous, 24 Nov 2016, CW3TH708, ZRC _ HYM_00001592; Kranji Road, 1.42638, 103.75413, 10 Nov 2016, G.W. Yong leg., KR10GH1560, ZRC _HYM_0001597; MacRitchie Reservoir, 9 Jan 2014, Sk. Yamane leg., ZRC _HYM_0000389; Mandai Road, M 3D, 1.41119, 103.80513, Nov-Dec 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _HYM_0001593-1594; Mandai Road, M 1D, 1.41258, 103.79839, Nov-Dec 2016, same collector as previous, ZRC _HYM_0001599-1600; same locality as previous, 4 Oct 2018, W. Wang leg., ZRC _ ENT00047826; Prince George’s Park Residences (NUS), 1.292389, 103.778694, 6 May 2015, M.S. Foo &amp; W. Wang leg., malaise trap, NUS0021, ZRC _ BDP0041454, 41412; Seletar Link, SL 3, 1.40518, 103.88555, 18 Oct 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _HYM_0001595-1596; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.79839&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.38311" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.79839/lat 1.38311)">Sunset Way</a>, 1.32609, 103.77187, 29-31 Aug 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _HYM_0001553; same locality and collector as previous, 21-23 Sep 2016, ZRC _HYM_0001590-1591; Upper Peirce Reservoir headquarters [sic], 10 Jan 2014, Sk. Yamane leg., ZRC _HYM_00000390; Upper Thomson Nature Park, 1.38311, 103.79839, 19 Oct 2016, G.W. Yong leg., UT5GH1640, ZRC _HYM_0001598 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Non-types, FMNHINS0002842133, tc1357712761; FMNHINS0003259695, tc1357712757 (FMNH); Harbourfront, Marang Trail, 4 Aug 2014, J.K. Wetterer leg., vial #473 (JKWC) .</p><p>Literature. Tan &amp; Corlett (2012).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; Bukit Timah (University Campus); Commonwealth Road; Kranji Road; Harbourfront; MacRitchie Reservoir; Mandai Road; Prince George’s Park Residences (NUS); Seletar Link; Sunset Way; Upper Peirce Reservoir; Upper Thomson Nature Park.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species is associated occasionally with primary forests, mostly with mature and/or old secondary habitats, and infrequently with young secondary forest fragments of varying levels of disturbance in Singapore. These include native-dominated secondary forest, abandoned plantation and waste woodland secondary forests. Individuals can be found foraging on leaf litter, dead wood, fallen logs, tree trunks or low foliage.</p><p>Remarks. This species has a wide range of variation in the development and shape of petiole, spines, and also pilosity. A critical revision is needed to clarify its status as a single species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833163FF92FD4B79E3FD1AF977	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833162FF92FD737A9CFC4EFDD7.text	03B687833162FF92FD737A9CFC4EFDD7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyrhachis (Myrma) inermis Smith 1858	<div><p>Polyrhachis (Myrma) inermis Smith, 1858</p><p>Material examined. MacRitchie Reservoir, 6 Jan 2014, Sk. Yamane leg., ZRC _HYM_0000481 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. FMNHINS0002842039, tc1357710822 (FMNH).</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Kent Ridge Park; MacRitchie Reservoir.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species appears to be associated with either young or mature secondary forests in Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833162FF92FD737A9CFC4EFDD7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833162FF92FD73787CFB86FA57.text	03B687833162FF92FD73787CFB86FA57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyrhachis (Myrma) nigropilosa Mayr 1872	<div><p>Polyrhachis (Myrma) nigropilosa Mayr, 1872</p><p>Material examined. MacRitchie, NS 184, 9 Jun 1995, S.L. Goh &amp; B.K.H. Tan leg., ZRC _ ENT00000373 ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.77803&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.4083" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.77803/lat 1.4083)">Mandai</a>, 1.4083, 103.77803, 12 Nov 2015, M.K.L. Wong leg., ZRC _ ENT00000733 ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.79015&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.41155" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.79015/lat 1.41155)">Mandai Road</a>, 1.41155, 103.79015, 23 Nov 2016, G.W. Yong leg., M2D2GH1961, ZRC _HYM_0001177; Upper Peirce Reservoir, 10 Jan 2014, Sk. Yamane leg., SG14-SKY-47, ZRC _HYM_0000462; alate queen, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.81131&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.3845" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.81131/lat 1.3845)">Nee Soon Swamp Forest</a>, NS2, 1°23’04.2”N, 103°48’40.7”E, 28 Nov-5 Dec 2012, J. Puniamoorthy et al. leg., malaise trap, Reg. 29611, ZRC _ BDP0009132 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Menozzi (1926) [as Polyrhachis nigropilosa conophthalma]; Mezger &amp; Moreau (2015).</p><p>Localities. MacRitchie; Mandai; Nee Soon Swamp Forest; Upper Peirce Reservoir.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This arboreal species is associated mostly with primary or mature secondary habitats, such as native-dominated secondary and swamp forests, as well as young secondary forests in Singapore. Nests have been found in decayed branches.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833162FF92FD73787CFB86FA57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783316DFF9DFF677A9CFD62FD97.text	03B68783316DFF9DFF677A9CFD62FD97.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyrhachis (Myrma) obesior Viehmeyer 1916	<div><p>Polyrhachis (Myrma) obesior Viehmeyer, 1916</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Type – Viehmeyer (1916); Overbeck (1924) [both as Polyrhachis mayri obesior]. Kohout (1998).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Road</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Specimens of the type series were collected in a garden.</p><p>Remarks. Type localities in Singapore and Malaysia (i.e., Gunong Angsi) (Viehmeyer 1916). At the time of writing, the only record of this species in Singapore is that of the type series.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783316DFF9DFF677A9CFD62FD97	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783316DFF9DFF6778BCFD3BFBF7.text	03B68783316DFF9DFF6778BCFD3BFBF7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyrhachis (Myrma) orsylla Smith 1861	<div><p>Polyrhachis (Myrma) orsylla Smith, 1861</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Forel (1907).</p><p>Localities. Unknown.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. No information available in the Singapore context.</p><p>Remarks. Specimens identified as ‘ P. orsyllus ’ in Viehmeyer (1916) and Overbeck (1924) were collected by Overbeck in Gunong Angsi – a locality in Malaysia and not Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783316DFF9DFF6778BCFD3BFBF7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783316DFF9DFF677E1CFD62FA77.text	03B68783316DFF9DFF677E1CFD62FA77.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyrhachis (Myrma) orsylla subsp. ritsemai Mayr 1883	<div><p>Polyrhachis (Myrma) orsylla ritsemai Mayr, 1883</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916), Overbeck (1924) [as Polyrhachis orsyllus ritesmai].</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Road</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. The ants were found nesting in withered bamboo in a garden.</p><p>Remarks. At the time of writing, there are only literature records of this species in Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783316DFF9DFF677E1CFD62FA77	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783316DFF9DFF677F9CFC02F937.text	03B68783316DFF9DFF677F9CFC02F937.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyrhachis (Myrma) proxima Roger 1863	<div><p>Polyrhachis (Myrma) proxima Roger, 1863</p><p>Material examined. Bukit Batok <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.79839&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.38311" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.79839/lat 1.38311)">East Avenue</a> 6, BB2, 1.34304, 103.76235, Sep 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _HYM_0001557, 1567; Commonwealth Road, 1.31115, 103.78171, 24 Nov 2016, G.W. Yong leg., tree trunk, ZRC _ HYM_0001554, 1568; Hougang Avenue 4, 1.34561, 103.88884, 12 Dec 2016, G.W. Yong leg., HA5GH990, ZRC _ HYM0001572; Kent Ridge, scrub, 13 May 1985, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _HYM_0000927-929; Kranji Road, 1.42638, 103.75413, Nov 2016, G.W. Yong leg., tree trunk, ZRC _HYM_0001580-1582; Lorong Banir, 29 Jun 1995, collector unknown, NS 193, ZRC _ ENT00000358; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.79839&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.38311" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.79839/lat 1.38311)">Mandai Road</a>, 1.41119, 103.80513, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.79839&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.38311" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.79839/lat 1.38311)">Nov-Dec</a> 2016, G.W. Yong leg., M3D, ZRC _HYM_0001569-1571; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.79839&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.38311" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.79839/lat 1.38311)">National University</a> of Singapore campus grounds, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.79839&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.38311" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.79839/lat 1.38311)">Apr-Sep</a> 2015, M.S. Foo &amp; W. Wang leg., malaise trap, ZRC _BDP (multiple); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.79839&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.38311" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.79839/lat 1.38311)">Seletar Link</a>, 1.40518, 103.88555, Oct 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _HYM_0001573-1579; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.79839&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.38311" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.79839/lat 1.38311)">Sunset Way</a>, 1.32609, 103.77187, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.79839&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.38311" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.79839/lat 1.38311)">Aug-Sep</a> 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _HYM_0001555-1556, 1560-1566; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.79839&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.38311" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.79839/lat 1.38311)">Tyersall Istana</a>, 9 Jun 1985, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _HYM_0000863; Upper Peirce Reservoir, 10 Jan 2014, Sk. Yamane leg., ZRC _HYM_0000391; Upper Thomson Nature Park, 1.38311, 103.79839, Sep-Oct 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _HYM_0001558- 1559, 1583-1588 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. FMNHINS0002842042, tc1357710848 (FMNH).</p><p>Literature. Forel (1893); Viehmeyer (1916); Overbeck (1924); Wang et al. (2018a).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Batok East Avenue 6; Bukit Timah, Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; Commonwealth Road; Hougang Avenue 4; Kent Ridge; Kranji Road; Lorong Banir; MacRitchie Reservoir; Mandai Road; National University of Singapore campus grounds; Seletar Link; Sunset Way; Tyersall Istana; Upper Peirce Reservoir; Upper Thomson Nature Park.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species is associated mainly with both mature and young secondary habitats at varying levels of disturbance in Singapore, including native-dominated, waste woodland and abandoned plantation secondary forests, often fragments in a larger semi-urban matrix. Individuals have also been found foraging in urban cultivated areas on grassy patches, or semi-urban forest fringes on foliage in scrubland.</p><p>Remarks. While species occurrences appear widespread in Singapore, most forest fragments where P. proxima populations thrive are highly likely under threat of future urban development.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783316DFF9DFF677F9CFC02F937	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783316CFF9CFF0F7A9CFDDBFDB7.text	03B68783316CFF9CFF0F7A9CFDDBFDB7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyrhachis (Myrma) pruinosa Mayr 1872	<div><p>Polyrhachis (Myrma) pruinosa Mayr, 1872</p><p>Material examined. Kent Ridge Park, 7 Dec 2017, Sk. Yamane leg., ZRC _ ENT0000883 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Forel (1913); Viehmeyer (1916); Overbeck (1924).</p><p>Localities. Ayer Terjun (archaic place name); Bukit Timah; Kent Ridge Park; Jurong Road; Mandai Road.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was found mostly in disturbed secondary forests, frequently in Nepenthes pitcher cups at Ayer Terjun.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783316CFF9CFF0F7A9CFDDBFDB7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783316CFF9CFF0F785CFD1BFBD7.text	03B68783316CFF9CFF0F785CFD1BFBD7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyrhachis (Myrma) striata Mayr 1862	<div><p>Polyrhachis (Myrma) striata Mayr, 1862</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Forel (1893).</p><p>Localities. Unknown.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Unknown in Singapore context.</p><p>Remarks. Specimens identified from Overbeck’s collections as P. striata in Viehmeyer (1916) were collected from Gunong Angsi in Malaysia, not Singapore. Thus, at the time of writing, there is only a single known literature record of this species in Singapore, identified from Arthur Müller’s collections (Forel 1893).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783316CFF9CFF0F785CFD1BFBD7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783316CFF9CFF0F7E7CFD1AF917.text	03B68783316CFF9CFF0F7E7CFD1AF917.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyrhachis (Myrma) striatorugosa Mayr 1862	<div><p>Polyrhachis (Myrma) striatorugosa Mayr, 1862</p><p>Material examined.; Mandai Lake Road, 3 Nov 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _HYM_0001042; Nee Soon Swamp Forest, 28 Dec 1989, Y.H. Koo &amp; K. Snyder leg., ZRC _ ENT00047921 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. FMNHINS0002842045, tc1357712546 (FMNH).</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Mandai Lake Road; Nee Soon Swamp Forest; Upper Peirce Reservoir.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was found in freshwater swamp forest, also primary or old secondary forest.</p><p>Remarks. A member of the P. relucens species group that includes P. nigropilosa (Kohout 2008), P. striatorugosa may be differentiated from the latter by its finely striated gaster. This species is also similar to P. sculpturata Smith, 1860, but with a distinct (though small) intercalary tooth on dorsal margin of petiole.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783316CFF9CFF0F7E7CFD1AF917	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783316CFF9CFD737A9CFC11FD77.text	03B68783316CFF9CFD737A9CFC11FD77.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyrhachis (Myrma) villipes Smith 1857	<div><p>Polyrhachis (Myrma) villipes Smith, 1857</p><p>Material examined. Bukit Timah forest, 3 Nov 1973, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _ HYM_0000966; Island Club forest, 20 May 1985, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _ HYM_0000967 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916); Overbeck (1924).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah forest; Bukit Timah Road; Island Club forest.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species appears associated with primary and/or mature secondary forest. A single queen was also collected from a lit lamp in a garden.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783316CFF9CFD737A9CFC11FD77	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783316CFF9CFD73789CFBB7F9D7.text	03B68783316CFF9CFD73789CFBB7F9D7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyrhachis (Myrma) vindex Smith 1857	<div><p>Polyrhachis (Myrma) vindex Smith, 1857</p><p>Material examined. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, 3 Nov 1973, D.H. Murphy leg., forest, ZRC _HYM_0000933; same locality and collector as previous, area K5, 13 May 1967, ZRC _HYM_0000934; Sime Road forest, 8 Aug 1978, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _HYM_0000932; Island Club forest, 20 May 1985, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _ HYM_0000936; Kent Ridge, 18 Mar 1985, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _HYM_0000935; same locality and collector as previous, 28 May 1985, ZRC _HYM_0000937 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. CASENT0217808, ANTC17997 (CASC).</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; Island Club forest; Kent Ridge; Seletar Reservoir; Sime Road forest .</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species is associated mostly with primary or mature secondary forests in Singapore, including native-dominated secondary forest. The ants have also been found in disturbed young secondary forest fragments in semi-urban settings. Individual workers are sometimes collected from foliage or low vegetation via sweep-netting.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783316CFF9CFD73789CFBB7F9D7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783316FFF9FFF677A9CFD62FDF7.text	03B68783316FFF9FFF677A9CFD62FDF7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyrhachis (Myrmatopa) charaxa Smith 1860	<div><p>Polyrhachis (Myrmatopa) charaxa Smith, 1860</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Emery (1896); Viehmeyer (1912) [both as Polyrhachis charaxus].</p><p>Localities. Unknown.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Unknown in the Singapore context.</p><p>Remarks. At the time of writing, there are only literature records of this species in Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783316FFF9FFF677A9CFD62FDF7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783316FFF9FFF67781CFDC1FBF7.text	03B68783316FFF9FFF67781CFDC1FBF7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyrhachis (Myrmatopa) flavicornis Smith 1857	<div><p>Polyrhachis (Myrmatopa) flavicornis Smith, 1857</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Syntypes – CASENT0901857, ANTC21301 (OUMNH); alate queen, CASENT0901877, ANTC21321 (OUMNH) .</p><p>Literature. Type – Smith (1857). Smith (1858); Emery (1896).</p><p>Localities. Unknown.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Unknown in the Singapore context.</p><p>Remarks. Type locality in Singapore, but specific locality name and habitat unknown.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783316FFF9FFF67781CFDC1FBF7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783316FFF9FFF677E1CFB97FD17.text	03B68783316FFF9FFF677E1CFB97FD17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyrhachis (Myrmatopa) leviuscula Viehmeyer 1916	<div><p>Polyrhachis (Myrmatopa) leviuscula Viehmeyer, 1916</p><p>Material examined. Sungei Buloh, 8 Jan 2014, Sk. Yamane leg., SG14-SKY-27, ZRC _ HYM_0000461 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Types – CASENT0910788, ANTC33049 (MHNG); FOCOL2554 (ZMHB) [as types of Polyrhachis (Myrmatopa) schang var. leviuscula]. Non-type – CASENT0906574, ANTC24598 (BMNH) .</p><p>Literature. Type – Viehmeyer (1916); Overbeck (1924) [both as P. schang var. leviuscula].</p><p>Localities. Buki Timah Road; Sungei Buloh.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Specimens of the type series were collected with a sweep net in a garden, thus we may infer that the ants forage on low foliage. A colony ‘of a very similar form’ was also found on a palm leaf in the same garden (Overbeck 1924), but these have not been verified to be conspecific to P. leviuscula .</p><p>More recently (from the time of writing), the ants were found nesting in a rolled leaf in back mangrove forest.</p><p>Remarks. Type locality in Singapore. Physically unexamined non-type material (i.e., CASENT0906574) was collected by Dr. G.E. Brooke in 1912, preceding publication of the original species description, and was initially identified as P. schang var. laurae (now a junior synonym of P. leviuscula).</p><p>The more recent specimens mostly confer with P. leviuscula in appearance, though with slightly weaker dorsolateral mesonotal projections/‘teeth’. The species resembles Polyrhachis (Myrmatopa) solmsi Emery, 1887, but the latter has petiolar spines that are almost supine and more strongly directed posteriorly in profile view.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783316FFF9FFF677E1CFB97FD17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783316FFF9FFD4B7903FC04FB17.text	03B68783316FFF9FFD4B7903FC04FB17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyrhachis (Myrmatopa) piliventris Smith 1858	<div><p>Polyrhachis (Myrmatopa) piliventris Smith, 1858</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Holotype alate queen – CASENT0903307, ANTC23165 (BMNH).</p><p>Literature. Type – Smith (1858). Emery (1896).</p><p>Localities. Unknown.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Unknown in Singapore context.</p><p>Remarks. Type locality in Singapore; this species was first described based on the holotype alate queen collected from Singapore. At the time of writing, the holotype queen remains the only known physical record of P. piliventris in Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783316FFF9FFD4B7903FC04FB17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783316FFF9EFD4B7F03FDDDFEF7.text	03B68783316FFF9EFD4B7F03FDDDFEF7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyrhachis (Myrmatopa) varicolor Viehmeyer 1916	<div><p>Polyrhachis (Myrmatopa) varicolor Viehmeyer, 1916</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Syntype series deposited at MNHU, Berlin .</p><p>Literature. Type – Viehmeyer (1916); Overbeck (1924) [both as Polyrhachis fruhstorferi subsp. varicolor]. Kohout (2008) [raised to species].</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Road</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Specimens of the type series were collected from a garden.</p><p>Remarks. At the time of writing, the type series is the only known record of this species in Singapore. Type locality in Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783316FFF9EFD4B7F03FDDDFEF7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783316EFF9EFF0F7B1CFBDFFC97.text	03B68783316EFF9EFF0F7B1CFBDFFC97.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyrhachis (Myrmhopla) abdominalis Smith 1858	<div><p>Polyrhachis (Myrmhopla) abdominalis Smith, 1858</p><p>Material examined. Bukit Timah, 1.347957, 103.779142, 29 Oct 2015, M.K.L. Wong leg., ZRC _ ENT00000737; Bukit Timah, Hindhede Drive, 30 May 1988, H.K. Lua leg., ZRC _ HYM_0000078; Hougang Avenue 4, HA5, 1.34561, 103.88884, 12-14 Dec 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _HYM_0001601, 1603-1605; Kent Ridge Park, 11 Jan 2014, Sk. Yamane, ZRC _HYM_0000394; Kranji Road, 1.42638, 103.75413, 1-10 Nov 2016, G.W. Yong leg., tree trunk, ZRC _HYM_0001609-1612; Lorong Banir, 29 Jun 1995, collector unknown, NS 193, ZRC _ ENT00000359; MacRitchie Reservoir, 6 Jan 2014, Sk. Yamane leg., ZRC _HYM_0000395; Mandai Road, 1.41258, 103.79839, 5 Dec 2016, G.W. Yong leg., M1D19GH2572, ZRC _HYM_0001615; Nee Soon Swamp Forest, plot Q9, 1.398925, 103.808608, 24 Sep 2019, W.N. Lam et al. leg., nest in hollows of PVC pipes, WW-SG19-007, ZRC _ ENT00013881; Prince George’s Park Residences (NUS), 1.292389, 103.778694, Apr-Sep 2015, M.S. Foo &amp; W. Wang leg., malaise trap, ZRC _BDP (multiple); Pulau Ubin, 14 Jun 2018, W. Wang leg., mangrove, nest in hollow of metal piping of malaise trap, WW-SG18-Poly1, ZRC _ ENT00007299; Seletar Link, 1.40518, 103.88555, 16-15 Oct 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _HYM_0001606-1608; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.79839&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.38311" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.79839/lat 1.38311)">University Hall</a> (NUS), 1.297111, 103.776583, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.79839&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.38311" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.79839/lat 1.38311)">May-Aug</a> 2015, M.S. Foo &amp; W. Wang leg., malaise trap, ZRC _BDP (multiple); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.79839&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.38311" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.79839/lat 1.38311)">Upper Thomson Nature Park</a>, 1.38311, 103.79839, 9-11 Oct 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _HYM_0001613-1614 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. FMNHINS0002842037, tc1357710809; FMNHINS0002842049, tc1357710875 (FMNH).</p><p>Literature. Mezger &amp; Moreau (2015); Wang et al. (2018a).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; Hougang Avenue 4; Kent Ridge Park; Kranji Road; Lorong Banir; MacRitchie Reservoir; Mandai; Nee Soon Swamp Forest; Prince George’s Park Residences (NUS); Pulau Ubin; Seletar Link; University Hall (NUS); Upper Peirce Reservoir; Upper Thomson Nature Park.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species is associated mostly with both mature and young secondary habitats at varying levels of disturbance in Singapore. These include swamp forest, mangroves, native-dominated, abandoned plantation and waste woodland secondary forests. Individual foragers are typically collected from tree trunks, while both alates and workers have been collected using malaise traps from disturbed secondary forest fragments in semi-urban settings. While considered arboreal, this species has been found nesting in unconventional places, e.g. in hollows of PVC or metal pipes - parts of artifical infrastructures such as malaise or leaf litter traps.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783316EFF9EFF0F7B1CFBDFFC97	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783316EFF99FD737983FE60FC97.text	03B68783316EFF99FD737983FE60FC97.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyrhachis (Myrmhopla) armata (Le Guillou 1842)	<div><p>Polyrhachis (Myrmhopla) armata (Le Guillou, 1842)</p><p>Material examined. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.778694&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.292389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.778694/lat 1.292389)">Bukit Timah forest</a>, 3 Nov 1973, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _HYM_0000850, 852; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.778694&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.292389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.778694/lat 1.292389)">Istana Club forest</a>, 20 May 1985, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _HYM_0000848-849; alate queen, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.778694&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.292389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.778694/lat 1.292389)">University Town</a> (NUS), 26 Apr 2019, N. Chin &amp; J. Tan leg., ZRC _ ENT00013540; Prince George’s Park Residences, 1.292389, 103.778694, Aug 2015, M.S. Foo &amp; W. Wang leg., malaise trap, ZRC _ BDP0047321, 47427; Singapore Botanical Gardens, Sep 1965, collector unknown, ZRC _HYM_0000853; Upper Peirce Reservoir, 10 Jan 2014, Sk.Yamane leg., ZRC _HYM_0000392-393 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. CASENT 0281398, PSW 10255 - 3 (PSWC); FMNHINS0002842132, FMNHINS0003249694, ESJY-U-0024 (FMNH).</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916); Overbeck (1924); Tan &amp; Corlett (2012); Wang et al. (2018a).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah; Bukit Timah Hill; Istana Club forest; Kent Ridge Park; Prince George’s Park Residences (NUS); Singapore Botanical Gardens; University Town (NUS); Upper Peirce Reservoir</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This arboreal species is associated mainly with mature and/or young secondary habitats, including disturbed secondary forest fragments or even cultivated park areas in urban or semi-urban settings. Individuals including winged alates have sometimes been found in human infrastructure close to forest fringes or fragments. In rainforest, the species can be found foraging on lower vegetation.</p><p>Remarks. Polyrhachis armata appears similar in general appearance (and colouration) to P. abdominalis, but can be distinguished from the latter by its coarser and more matte body sculpture. Singapore is actually the type locality for a subspecies of P. armata - P. armata defensa [see next paragraph below]. It is possible that subspecies is simply a morphological variant of the species, the most striking variable feature being the condition of the petiolar spines (length and thickness) – which can exhibit broad intranidal variation (W. Wang pers. obs.)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783316EFF99FD737983FE60FC97	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833169FF99FF6779BCFEEBFA57.text	03B687833169FF99FF6779BCFEEBFA57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyrhachis (Myrmhopla) armata subsp. defensa Smith 1857	<div><p>Polyrhachis (Myrmhopla) armata defensa Smith, 1857</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Syntype – CASENT0901845, ANTC21289 (OUMNH) [as Polyrhachis defensus] .</p><p>Literature. Type – Smith (1857) [as P. defensus]. Emery (1925) [transferred to subspecies of P. armata].</p><p>Localities. Unknown.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. No information available in the Singapore context.</p><p>Remarks. Type locality in Singapore. See Remarks in previous section (i.e., P. armata) on distinction between P. armata and this subspecies.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833169FF99FF6779BCFEEBFA57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833169FF99FF677FFCFB56FB17.text	03B687833169FF99FF677FFCFB56FB17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyrhachis (Myrmhopla) bicolor Smith 1858	<div><p>Polyrhachis (Myrmhopla) bicolor Smith, 1858</p><p>Material examined. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.75413&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.4238" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.75413/lat 1.4238)">Kranji Road</a>, 1.4238, 103.75413, 10 Nov 2016, G.W. Yong leg., tree trunk, KR1TH1399, ZRC _HYM_0001177.2; Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve, 8 Jan 2014, Sk. Yamane leg., nest between leaves, SG14-SKY-28, ZRC _HYM_0000460; Lim Chu Kang, 20 May 1976, C.S. J. leg., ZRC _HYM_0000906; Mandai mangrove, 2 Oct 1978, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _ HYM_0000976; same locality, collection date and collector as previous, DHM-SG78- Poly 1, ZRC _ ENT00014141; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.778694&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.292389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.778694/lat 1.292389)">Prince George’s Park Residences</a> (NUS), 1.292389, 103.778694, Apr 2015, M.S. Foo &amp; W. Wang leg., malaise trap, ZRC _ BDP0044269, 45587; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.70185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.408657" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.70185/lat 1.408657)">Western Catchment</a>, 1.408657, 103.701849, 20 Nov 2015, M.K.L. Wong leg., ZRC _ ENT00000731 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. CASENT0217750, ANTC1952 (CASC).</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916); Overbeck (1924); Mezger &amp; Moreau (2015).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah; Bukit Timah Road; Kranji Road; Lim Chu Kang; Mandai mangrove; Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve; Western Catchment.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was mainly found in mangroves, or young secondary habitats including waste woodlands and disturbed secondary forest fragments within urban or semi-urban settings, in Singapore. In mangroves, nests were found between leaves, or in ‘silk-webbed’ leaves of Sonneratia; individuals were sometimes collected from tree trunks or foliage above ground.</p><p>Remarks. There is considerable morphological variation between populations of this species. For the purposes of this checklist, we tentatively treat all morphological variants as conspecific, pending more concrete empirical evidence for species differentiation in future.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833169FF99FF677FFCFB56FB17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833169FF99FD4B7F03FBC7F977.text	03B687833169FF99FD4B7F03FBC7F977.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyrhachis (Myrmhopla) bicolor subsp. aurinasis Forel 1901	<div><p>Polyrhachis (Myrmhopla) bicolor aurinasis Forel, 1901</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Forel (1907).</p><p>Localities. Unknown.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. No information available in the Singapore context.</p><p>Remarks. The only literature record of this subspecies in Singapore is that of a single queen collected by Biró (Forel 1907).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833169FF99FD4B7F03FBC7F977	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833168FF98FF0F7A9CFDE2FA78.text	03B687833168FF98FF0F7A9CFDE2FA78.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyrhachis (Myrmhopla) chalybea Smith 1857	<div><p>Polyrhachis (Myrmhopla) chalybea Smith, 1857</p><p>Material examined. Jalan Kayu wasteland, 1 Feb 1975, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _ HYM_0000838; Lower Peirce Reservoir, Forest B, 10 Aug 1990, collector unknown, ZRC _ ENT00000203; Mandai mangrove, 17 Oct 1978, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _HYM_0000836-837; Sime Road forest, 27 Jun 1982, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _ HYM_0000834; same locality as previous, 18 Jan 1976, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _ HYM_0000908; University Campus (Bukit Timah), 17 Mar 1974, D.H. Murphy leg., nutmeg tree, ZRC _HYM_0000835 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Type – Smith (1857) [as Polyrhachis chalybeus].</p><p>Localities. Jalan Kayu; Lower Peirce Reservoir, Forest B; Mandai mangrove; Sime Road; University campus (Bukit Timah).</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species is associated mainly with young secondary habitat of varying levels of disturbance, including waste woodland secondary forest fragments in urban or semi-urban settings, in Singapore. It is sometimes also found in mangrove back forest. Individuals were usually collected on trees or tree trunks.</p><p>Remarks. The holotype specimen depicted on AntWeb was inferred to be from Bacan island, Indonesia (based on specimen label ‘Bac’), however, in the original description of ‘ P. chalybeus ’, only two other type localities were given: Singapore and Malacca. It may be notable that an additional label on the holotype specimen reads ‘Mal-ca’, which might refer to Malacca, one of two type localities indicated in Smith’s (1857) original account.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833168FF98FF0F7A9CFDE2FA78	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833168FF98FF0F7F9CFB2FFED7.text	03B687833168FF98FF0F7F9CFB2FFED7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyrhachis (Myrmhopla) cryptoceroides Emery 1887	<div><p>Polyrhachis (Myrmhopla) cryptoceroides Emery, 1887</p><p>Material examined. Rifle Range Road, 27 Jul 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _HYM_0001044.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Rifle Range Road</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was found in old secondary forest.</p><p>Remarks. Polyrhachis cryptoceroides can be distinguished from other members of the cryptoceroides group by its medially deeply emarginate anterior clypeal margin.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833168FF98FF0F7F9CFB2FFED7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833168FF98FD737B7CFC32FAD7.text	03B687833168FF98FD737B7CFC32FAD7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyrhachis (Myrmhopla) dives Smith 1857	<div><p>Polyrhachis (Myrmhopla) dives Smith, 1857</p><p>Material examined. Kent Ridge, 1981, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _HYM_0000957; Kranji Road, 10 Nov 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _ HYM_0001041 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Holotype – CASENT0903388, ANTC23251 (BMNH).</p><p>Literature. Type – Smith (1857). Kohout (2010).</p><p>Localities. Kent Ridge; Kranji Road.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species is associated mostly with young secondary habitat in Singapore, including wasteland forest and disturbed secondary forest fragments in urban or semi-urban settings. Individuals have been found foraging in shrubs and on grass. Known to be a polygynous, wide-ranging species that build a distinctive carton nests on lower branches of grasses, trees and shrubs - foliage and twigs are combined with larval silk to create the nest structure.</p><p>Remarks. Type locality in Singapore. The original description by Smith (1857) was based on specimens collected by A.R. Wallace. Southeast Asian specimens of P. dives have been observed to be slightly different morphologically from their Australian and New Guinean counterparts - the former have a more deeply emarginate anterior clypeal margin, and eyes almost never protruding from the lateral cephalic outline.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833168FF98FD737B7CFC32FAD7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833168FF98FD737F7CFB2DF957.text	03B687833168FF98FD737F7CFB2DF957.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyrhachis (Myrmhopla) hector Smith 1857	<div><p>Polyrhachis (Myrmhopla) hector Smith, 1857</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Holotype – CASENT0901811, ANTC21233 (OUMNH).</p><p>Literature. Type – Smith (1857). Emery (1896); Viehmeyer (1912); Bolton (1974).</p><p>Localities. Unknown.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Unknown in Singapore context.</p><p>Remarks. Type locality in Singapore, but specific locality name and habitat unknown.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833168FF98FD737F7CFB2DF957	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783316BFF9BFF677A9CFE48FDD7.text	03B68783316BFF9BFF677A9CFE48FDD7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyrhachis (Myrmhopla) hippomanes subsp. ceylonensis Emery 1893	<div><p>Polyrhachis (Myrmhopla) hippomanes ceylonensis Emery, 1893</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916); Overbeck (1924).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Road</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Garden.</p><p>Remarks. The only literature record of this subspecies in Singapore is that of a single queen collected from a lamp in a garden (Viehmeyer 1916; Overbeck 1924).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783316BFF9BFF677A9CFE48FDD7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783316BFF9BFF67787CFDFDFB78.text	03B68783316BFF9BFF67787CFDFDFB78.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyrhachis (Myrmhopla) lucidula Emery 1893	<div><p>Polyrhachis (Myrmhopla) lucidula Emery, 1893</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Type queen – FOCOL2944 (ZMHB) .</p><p>Literature. Types (queen and male) – Viehmeyer (1916); Overbeck (1924) [as Polyrhachis hippomanes subsp. lucidula].</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Road</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Colonies of the species were found in withered bamboo in a garden.</p><p>Remarks. The queen and male of this species were first described by Viehmeyer (1916) based on specimens collected by Overbeck (1924) in Singapore. Viehmeyer (1916) commented that should the species turn out to be a new ‘form’, he would name it ‘ lucidissima ’ – a new variety of the (then) subspecies lucidula .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783316BFF9BFF67787CFDFDFB78	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783316BFF9BFF677E9CFDBCF978.text	03B68783316BFF9BFF677E9CFDBCF978.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyrhachis (Myrmhopla) muelleri Forel 1893	<div><p>Polyrhachis (Myrmhopla) muelleri Forel, 1893</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Syntype – CASENT0910868, ANTC33129 (MHNG) .</p><p>Literature. Type – Forel (1893) [as Polyrhachis mülleri]. Forel (1901, 1907); Emery (1925).</p><p>Localities. Unknown.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Unknown in Singapore context.</p><p>Remarks. Type locality in Singapore. The species was first described as ‘ P. mülleri ’ in the original publication (Forel 1893), but the species name was later (since Emery 1925) adjusted to the Latin alphabet, which comprises only 26 letters not including ‘ ü’.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783316BFF9BFF677E9CFDBCF978	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783316BFF9BFD4B7A9CFB58FB77.text	03B68783316BFF9BFD4B7A9CFB58FB77.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyrhachis (Myrmhopla) saevissima Smith 1860	<div><p>Polyrhachis (Myrmhopla) saevissima Smith, 1860</p><p>Material examined. Upper Peirce Reservoir, 10 Jan 2014, Sk. Yamane leg., SG14-SKY-46, ZRC _HYM_0000423; Pulau Ubin, PU 3, 15-22 Dec 2012, J. Puniamoorthy et al. leg., mangroves, malaise trap, Reg. 29646, ZRC _ BDP0016507; alate queen, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.73053&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.4461945" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.73053/lat 1.4461945)">Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve</a>, SB 1, 1°26’46.3”N, 103°43’49.9”E, 12-19 Dec 2012, J. Puniamoorthy et al. leg., mangroves, malaise trap, Reg. 29634, ZRC _ BDP0017223 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Pulau Ubin; Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve; Upper Peirce Reservoir.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species is found in primary or mature secondary habitats in Singapore, including mangroves where most occurrences have been reported. In primary or mature secondary forests, nests were found between leaves.</p><p>Remarks. At the time of writing, taxonomic validity of P. saevissima is uncertain with broad morphological variation observed between populations. While for the purposes of this checklist we tentatively treat these variants as conspecific, it is possible that these might be proven to be different species with more empirical evidence made available in future.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783316BFF9BFD4B7A9CFB58FB77	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783316BFF9BFD4B7E9CFBAAF997.text	03B68783316BFF9BFD4B7E9CFBAAF997.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyrhachis (Myrmhopla) thailandica Kohout 2006	<div><p>Polyrhachis (Myrmhopla) thailandica Kohout, 2006</p><p>Material examined. Mandai Road, 13 Jan 2017, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _HYM_0001043 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Mandai Road</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was found in disturbed mature secondary forest.</p><p>Remarks. Polyrhachis thailandica can be differentiated from the similar-looking P. jerdonii Forel, 1892 by the presence of a strong median carina on the clypeus.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783316BFF9BFD4B7E9CFBAAF997	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783316AFF9AFF0F7A9CFE87FD57.text	03B68783316AFF9AFF0F7A9CFE87FD57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyrhachis (Myrmhopla) tibialis subsp. parsis Emery 1900	<div><p>Polyrhachis (Myrmhopla) tibialis parsis Emery, 1900</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916); Overbeck (1924).</p><p>Localities. Ayer Terjun (archaic place name); Bukit Timah Road.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. These ants were found in a hollow fallen branch on the ground in a garden. The species was also collected from Nepenthes pitcher cups, possibly in secondary forest or similar spontaneous vegetation.</p><p>Remarks. At the time of writing, there are only literature records of this subspecies in Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783316AFF9AFF0F7A9CFE87FD57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783316AFF9AFF0F78FCFD25FBB7.text	03B68783316AFF9AFF0F78FCFD25FBB7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyrhachis (Myrmothrinax) frauenfeldi Mayr 1862	<div><p>Polyrhachis (Myrmothrinax) frauenfeldi Mayr, 1862</p><p>Material examined. Mandai mangroves, 26 Jun 1979, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _ HYM_0000958 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916); Overbeck (1924).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Road; Mandai mangroves.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. An alate queen of this species was collected from a lit lamp in a garden. The ants have also been found in mangroves.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783316AFF9AFF0F78FCFD25FBB7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783316AFF9AFF0F7E5CFE23F9D7.text	03B68783316AFF9AFF0F7E5CFE23F9D7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyrhachis (Myrmothrinax) saigonensis Forel 1886	<div><p>Polyrhachis (Myrmothrinax) saigonensis Forel, 1886</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916), Overbeck (1924) [both as Polyrhachis thrinax subsp. saigonensis].</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Road.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Garden.</p><p>Remarks. The only literature record of this species in Singapore is that of a single queen collected from a lamp in a garden (Viehmeyer 1916; Overbeck 1924).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783316AFF9AFF0F7E5CFE23F9D7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783316AFF9AFD737A9CFB4EFE17.text	03B68783316AFF9AFD737A9CFB4EFE17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyrhachis (Myrmothrinax) textor Smith 1857	<div><p>Polyrhachis (Myrmothrinax) textor Smith, 1857</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916); Overbeck (1924).</p><p>Localities. Ayer Terjun (archaic place name)</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Specimens of this species were found in a Nepenthes pitcher cup.</p><p>Remarks. At the time of writing, there are only literature records of this species in Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783316AFF9AFD737A9CFB4EFE17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783316AFF9AFD73783CFBC5FBF7.text	03B68783316AFF9AFD73783CFBC5FBF7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyrhachis (Myrmothrinax) thrinax subsp. inconstans Viehmeyer 1916	<div><p>Polyrhachis (Myrmothrinax) thrinax inconstans Viehmeyer, 1916</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Types – CASENT0910798, ANTC33059 (MHNG); FOCOL2530-2531 (ZMHB) .</p><p>Literature. Type – Viehmeyer (1916); Overbeck (1924).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Road</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Ants of this subspecies were found in a pasteboard nest in the fold of a palm leaf in a garden; individual foragers were also collected from around other parts of the garden.</p><p>Remarks. Type locality in Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783316AFF9AFD73783CFBC5FBF7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783316AFF9AFD737E1CFCFBF957.text	03B68783316AFF9AFD737E1CFCFBF957.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyrhachis (Myrmothrinax) thrinax subsp. overbecki Dorow 1995	<div><p>Polyrhachis (Myrmothrinax) thrinax overbecki Dorow, 1995</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Types – CASENT0910797, ANTC33058 (MHNG); FOCOL2527, FOCOL2529 (ZMHB); type queen, FOCOL2528 (ZMHB) [all as types of Polyrhachis thrinax var. nigripes] .</p><p>Literature. Type – Viehmeyer (1916); Overbeck (1924) [as P. thrinax var. nigripes]. Dorow (1995).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Road</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. A pasteboard nest of this subspecies was found in the twisted leaf of a shrub in a garden.</p><p>Remarks. The present species epithet is a replacement name for P. thrinax nigripes Viehmeyer, 1916 (see Dorow 1995). Type locality in Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783316AFF9AFD737E1CFCFBF957	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833115FFE5FF677A9CFED9FDF7.text	03B687833115FFE5FF677A9CFED9FDF7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyrhachis (Polyrhachis) bellicosa Smith 1859	<div><p>Polyrhachis (Polyrhachis) bellicosa Smith, 1859</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916); Overbeck (1924).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Road</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Specimens of this species were collected from a garden.</p><p>Remarks. At the time of writing, this species is known from Singapore based only on literature records.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833115FFE5FF677A9CFED9FDF7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833115FFE5FF67781CFED0FB77.text	03B687833115FFE5FF67781CFED0FB77.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyrhachis (Polyrhachis) olybria Forel 1912	<div><p>Polyrhachis (Polyrhachis) olybria Forel, 1912</p><p>Material examined. Race Course forest, 22 Jun 1977, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _ HYM_0000971 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, 30 Apr 1967, D.H. Murphy leg. (in Kohout 2014).</p><p>Literature. Kohout (2014).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; Race Course forest.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species is associated with primary and/or mature secondary forests in Singapore. Individuals have been found along forest trails, or among low vegetation.</p><p>Remarks. Despite being considered a relatively common species in Southeast Asia, P. olybria appears limited to areas of good quality forest in Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833115FFE5FF67781CFED0FB77	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833115FFE5FF677E9CFDD1F977.text	03B687833115FFE5FF677E9CFDD1F977.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyrhachis (Polyrhachis) ypsilon Emery 1887	<div><p>Polyrhachis (Polyrhachis) ypsilon Emery, 1887</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Lectotype – CASENT0905548, ANTC26437 (MSNG).</p><p>Literature. Type – Emery (1887). Hung (1970) [designation of lectotypes, paralectotypes]; Kohout (1998); Kohout (2014).</p><p>Localities. Unknown.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Unknown in the Singapore context.</p><p>Remarks. Type locality in Singapore. At the time of writing, the only record of this species in Singapore is that of its type series, collected in 1875 by D’Albertis (Emery 1887).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833115FFE5FF677E9CFDD1F977	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833115FFE5FD4B7A9CFBBFFA77.text	03B687833115FFE5FD4B7A9CFBBFFA77.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Prenolepis jerdoni Emery 1893	<div><p>Prenolepis jerdoni Emery, 1893</p><p>Material examined. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.78167&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.35499" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.78167/lat 1.35499)">Bukit Timah Nature Reserve</a>, BT07, 1.35499, 103.78167, 28 Sep 2016, W. Wang leg., leaf litter, winkler extraction, ZRC _HYM_0000569; same locality, collection date and collector as previous, leaf litter, winkler extraction, ZRC _HYM_0000570; male, I-Cube building (NUS), 1.29347, 103.77633, 24 Mar-1 Apr 2015, M.S. Foo &amp; W. Wang leg., malaise trap, NUS0002, ZRC _ BDP0044670; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.77658&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.29711" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.77658/lat 1.29711)">University Hall</a> (NUS), 1.29711, 103.77658, 13-20 May 2015, M.S. Foo &amp; W. Wang leg., malaise trap, NUS0032, ZRC _ BDP0044799; males, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.81131&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.3845" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.81131/lat 1.3845)">Nee Soon Swamp Forest</a>, NS2, 1°23’04.2”N, 103°48’40.7”E, 28 Mar-4 Apr 2012, J. Puniamoorthy et al. leg., malaise trap, Reg. 29158, ZRC _ BDP0015151, 15168, 15924; same locality as previous, 1.38245, 103.80206, 46 m, 26 Apr 2018, W. Wang leg., winkler extraction, NS_W2, ZRC _ ENT00000956 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916); Overbeck (1924); Wang et al. (2018a).</p><p>Localities. Ayer Terjun (archaic place name); Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; Bukit Timah Road; National University of Singapore campus; Nee Soon Swamp Forest.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species is associated mostly with old or mature secondary forests, as well as young secondary habitats such as Adinandra belukar dominated forest in Singapore. Both alates (males and queens) and workers have been collected, the former in great abundance, using malaise traps in swamp forest. The ants can also be found in disturbed secondary forest fragments in urban or semi-urban settings.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833115FFE5FD4B7A9CFBBFFA77	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833115FFE4FD4B7F9CFDA4FBB6.text	03B687833115FFE4FD4B7F9CFDA4FBB6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Prenolepis subopaca Emery 1900	<div><p>Prenolepis subopaca Emery, 1900</p><p>Material examined. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, 28 Mar 1967, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _ HYM_0000760; Mandai Track 15, 4 Jan 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _HYM_0001029- 1031; Mandai Track, 4 Jan 2017, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _HYM_0001168; Mandai Lake Road, 4 Jan 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _ HYM_0001032; same locality and collector as previous, 5 Nov 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _ ENT00047967; Upper Peirce Reservoir, 10 Jan 2014, Sk. Yamane leg. (SKYC) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.81944&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.38241" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.81944/lat 1.38241)">Upper Thomson Nature Park</a>, 1.38241, 103.81944, 9-11 Oct 2016, G.W. Yong et al. leg., UT4TPc1672, ZRC _ ENT00047920 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Bukit Timah, 1°21’N, 103°47’E, 50 m, 7 Apr 1989, P.S. Ward leg.; Sembawang, 18 Jun 1967, D.H. Murphy leg. [in Williams &amp; LaPolla 2016].</p><p>Literature. Williams &amp; LaPolla (2016); Peeters &amp; Yong (2017).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; Mandai Lake Road; Mandai Track; Sembawang; Upper Peirce Reservoir; Upper Thomson Nature Park.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species is associated mostly with mature or old secondary forests of varying levels of disturbance, including abandoned plantation forest. Nests can be found in leaf litter; individuals were usually found foraging arboreally.</p><p>Remarks. Prenolepis subopaca is morphologically similar to its congener P. jerdoni . The former can be differentiated from the latter by its finely reticulate and dull (almost matte) cuticular sculpture, and thick pubescence present in patches on pronotal and propodeal dorsums, and also the gaster.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833115FFE4FD4B7F9CFDA4FBB6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833114FFE4FF0F7EA3FE50F9B7.text	03B687833114FFE4FF0F7EA3FE50F9B7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudolasius badius Viehmeyer 1916	<div><p>Pseudolasius badius Viehmeyer, 1916</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Type queen – FOCOL2677 (ZMHB) .</p><p>Literature. Type – Viehmeyer (1916); Overbeck (1924).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Road</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. The type queen was collected at a lit-lamp in a garden.</p><p>Remarks. Type locality in Singapore. This species was first described based on a single queen collected in Singapore. At the time of writing, the type queen remains the only known record of the species in Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833114FFE4FF0F7EA3FE50F9B7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833114FFE4FD737A9CFBFCFB37.text	03B687833114FFE4FD737A9CFBFCFB37.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudolasius circularis Viehmeyer 1916	<div><p>Pseudolasius circularis Viehmeyer, 1916</p><p>Material examined. Alate queen, males and workers, Nee Soon Swamp Forest, 16 Mar 1981, D.H. Murphy leg., DHM-SG81-Psel2, ZRC _ENT00027952.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Type queen – FOCOL2676 (ZMHB) .</p><p>Literature. Type – Viehmeyer (1916); Overbeck (1924).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Road; Nee Soon Swamp Forest.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. The type queen was collected at a lit-lamp in a garden. More recently, a colony was found nesting under a log on a raised path in swamp forest.</p><p>Remarks. Type locality in Singapore. This species was first described based on a single queen collected in Singapore. The queen can be distinguished from other congeners mainly by its expansive rounded mesosoma (in dorsal view), mesoscutum much wider than long, propodeum very short but wide with no distinction between lateral and posterior margins, both of which form a continuous broadly convex outline in dorsal view. Workers exhibit strong allometric polymorphism, with large majors having massive sub-cordate heads with deeply concave posterior margins, disproportionately small eyes and short antennal scapes; smaller minor workers tend to have smaller and less expanded heads, with antennal scapes exceeding the occipital margin.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833114FFE4FD737A9CFBFCFB37	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833114FFE4FD737EDCFB4EF9D7.text	03B687833114FFE4FD737EDCFB4EF9D7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudolasius ludovici Forel 1913	<div><p>Pseudolasius ludovici Forel, 1913</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916); Overbeck (1924).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Road</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. A single queen was collected at a lit-lamp in a garden.</p><p>Remarks. At the time of writing, there are only literature records of this species in Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833114FFE4FD737EDCFB4EF9D7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833117FFE7FF677FDCFC5FFD57.text	03B687833117FFE7FF677FDCFC5FFD57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptanilla havilandi Forel 1901	<div><p>Leptanilla havilandi Forel, 1901</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Types — CASENT0101455, ANTC3654 (MNHN); CASENT0901483, ATC21005 (OUMNH); CASENT0902773, ANTC22248 (BMNH); CASENT0907032, ANTC27210 (MHNG); FOCOL1126 (ZMHB) .</p><p>Literature. Type – Forel (1901). Emery (1910).</p><p>Localities. Unknown.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Unknown in the Singapore context; probably a hypogaeic subterranean species as with most other Leptanilla species.</p><p>Remarks. Type locality in Singapore. Despite not having been recorded from Singapore for more than a century since its initial discovery, Leptanilla havilandi has been firmly established as a valid species discernible from its congeners within Indomalaya (see: Baroni Urbani 1977c, Ito et al. 2001, Wong &amp; Guénard 2016). The scarcity of specimens may be partly attributed to the species’ subterranean nature and minute size, which render it elusive and difficult to find.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833117FFE7FF677FDCFC5FFD57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833117FFE7FD4B78FCFB24FAF7.text	03B687833117FFE7FD4B78FCFB24FAF7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptanilla hypodracos Wong & Guenard 2016	<div><p>Leptanilla hypodracos Wong &amp; Guénard, 2016</p><p>Material examined. Holotype – <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.815&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.355" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.815/lat 1.355)">Central Catchment Nature Reserve</a>, ca. 55 m, 1.355, 103.815, 15 Jun 2015, M.K.L. Wong leg., subterranean pitfall trap, ZRC _ ENT00000664.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Paratypes – same collection data as holotype, MW150615- 1.2, -1.3 (HKUC) .</p><p>Literature. Wong &amp; Guénard (2016).</p><p>Localities. Central Catchment Nature Reserve</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. The type series was collected from underground using a baited subterranean pitfall trap installed in a well-shaded fragment of old secondary forest.</p><p>Remarks. Type locality in Singapore. At the time of writing, the only record of this species in Singapore is that of its type series.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833117FFE7FD4B78FCFB24FAF7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833117FFE7FF677A9CFD62FE17.text	03B687833117FFE7FF677A9CFD62FE17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudolasius martini Forel 1911	<div><p>Pseudolasius martini Forel, 1911</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916); Overbeck (1924).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Road</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Males were collected at a lit-lamp in a garden.</p><p>Remarks. At the time of writing, there are only literature records of this species in Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833117FFE7FF677A9CFD62FE17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833117FFE7FF67783CFE31FC17.text	03B687833117FFE7FF67783CFE31FC17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudolasius mayri subsp. duplicatus Viehmeyer 1916	<div><p>Pseudolasius mayri duplicatus Viehmeyer, 1916</p><p>Material examined. None available</p><p>Material not physically examined. Types – males, FOCOL2688-2689; queen, FOCOL2690 (ZMHB) .</p><p>Literature. Type – Viehmeyer (1916); Overbeck (1924) [both as Pseudolasius mayri var. duplicata].</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Road</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Type alates were collected at a lit-lamp in a garden.</p><p>Remarks. Type locality in Singapore. This species was first described based on a queen collected from Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833117FFE7FF67783CFE31FC17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833117FFE7FF677E3CFDDCFA77.text	03B687833117FFE7FF677E3CFDDCFA77.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudolasius trimorphus Karavaiev 1929	<div><p>Pseudolasius trimorphus Karavaiev, 1929</p><p>Material examined. Nee Soon forest, 26 Apr 2018, W. Wang leg., WW-SG18- Pseul 1, ZRC _ ENT00000949 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Nee Soon forest</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was found in Adinandra belukar -dominated secondary forest; a nest was found under the bark of an underground tree root, with soil substrate.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833117FFE7FF677E3CFDDCFA77	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833117FFE6FD4B7F1CFD06FC17.text	03B687833117FFE6FD4B7F1CFD06FC17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Protanilla rafflesi Taylor 1990	<div><p>Protanilla rafflesi Taylor (1990)</p><p>Material examined. Queen and workers, Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, D 10-4, 28 Jan 1969, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _HYM_0000023; same locality and collector as previous, 7 Dec 1968, ZRC _HYM_0000028; same locality as previous, 1.34796, 103.77914, 29 Oct 2015, M.K.L. Wong leg., ZRC _ ENT00000674; Bukit Timah Hill, slope, D11-7, collection date unknown, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _HYM_0000027; Lower Peirce Reservoir, Aug 1990, collector unknown, ZRC _HYM_0000244; same collection data as previous (SKYC); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.8065&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.38279" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.8065/lat 1.38279)">Nee Soon forest</a>, 1.38279, 103.80650, 25 Sep 2017, W. Wang leg., NSW1, Winkler extraction, ZRC _ ENT00000910 ; same locality and collector as previous, 1.38245, 103.80206, 46m, 26 Apr 2018, Winkler extraction, ZRC _ ENT00000953 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Holotype – CASENT0102375, ANTC4604 (BMNH) . Paratype – ANIC32-017901, Shattuck1345248029 (ANIC).</p><p>Literature. Type – Taylor in Bolton (1990). Xu (2012).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah; Bukit Timah Nature Reserve (a.k.a. Bukit Timah Hill); Lower Peirce Reservoir Road; MacRitchie; Nee Soon forest.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species is associated mostly with primary or mature secondary habitat in Singapore, including swamp forest and old secondary forest. Specimens have also been collected from young secondary Adinandra belukar -dominated forest. Usually found in leaf litter and woody ground debris, often collected via Winkler extraction.</p><p>Remarks. Type localities (i.e., MacRitchie and Bukit Timah Nature Reserve) in Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833117FFE6FD4B7F1CFD06FC17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833116FFE6FF0F7E43FDA2F937.text	03B687833116FFE6FF0F7E43FDA2F937.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Acanthomyrmex ferox Emery 1893	<div><p>Acanthomyrmex ferox Emery, 1893</p><p>Material examined. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.80208&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.38252" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.80208/lat 1.38252)">Queens</a> and workers, Nee Soon Swamp Forest, 1.38252, 103.80208, 25 Sep 2017, W. Wang leg., NS_W1, Winkler extraction, WW-SG17-041, ZRC _ ENT00014121 ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.80081&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.39192" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.80081/lat 1.39192)">Seletar Trail</a>, 1.39192, 103.80081, 18 Oct 2015, M.K.L. Wong leg., Berlese extraction, ZRC _ ENT00000683 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. FMNHINS0002821982-2821990, FMHD_81-282 (FMNH).</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; Nee Soon Swamp Forest; Seletar Trail.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species is associated with primary and/or mature secondary forests in Singapore, including swamp forest. Individuals have been found in leaf or (tree) buttress litter, also on the forest floor.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833116FFE6FF0F7E43FDA2F937	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833116FFE6FD737A9CFBC2F8F7.text	03B687833116FFE6FD737A9CFBC2F8F7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aphaenogaster simulans Forel 1915	<div><p>Aphaenogaster simulans Forel, 1915 stat. n.</p><p>Aphaenogaster (Deromyrma) feae r. simulans Forel, 1915: 31 (w.q.m.)</p><p>Subspecies of Aphaenogaster feae: Emery, 1921: 65; Chapman &amp; Capco, 1951: 133; Bolton, 1995: 73.</p><p>Material examined. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.77491&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.35764" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.77491/lat 1.35764)">Bukit Timah Nature Reserve</a>, near BT01, 1.35764, 103.77491, 1 Feb 2017, W. Wang leg., ZRC _ ENT00007570 ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.80208&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.38252" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.80208/lat 1.38252)">Mandai Road</a>, plot 1, 1.38252, 103.80208, 16 Nov 2016, G.W. Yong et al. leg., M1D4GH2159, ZRC _ ENT00047838 ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.80208&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.38252" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.80208/lat 1.38252)">Nee Soon Swamp Forest</a>, 1.38252, 103.80208, 25 Sep 2017, W. Wang leg., NS_W1, leaf litter, Winkler extraction, ZRC _ ENT00047839 ; same locality as previous, Woodcutter’s trail, 4 Sep 2017, W. Wang leg., ZRC _ ENT00000985 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; Mandai; Nee Soon Swamp Forest.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species is associated mostly with primary or mature secondary forests in Singapore, including swamp forest, where workers are usually found foraging on leaf litter or in Nepenthes pitcher contents. At the time of writing, a single occurrence of the species had also been recorded at an abandoned park - young secondary forest.</p><p>Remarks. Originally described as a subspecies of Aphaenogaster feae Emery, 1889, A. simulans can be distinguished from the former based on the following ( A. feae characters in parentheses): 1) propodeal spines/denticles very short and blunt, barely protruding from propodeal junction (propodeal spines relatively longer, acute, distinctly protruding from propodeal junction), 2) petiolar node in dorsal view roughly as long as wide, broadly ovate (petiolar node in dorsal view distinctly longer than wide, elongate-ovate), 3) head in full face view, excluding the narrowed neck, ca. 1.5 times longer than wide, area posterior to eyes somewhat conical or like an inverted-cone (head in full face view, excluding the neck, only slightly longer than wide (&lt;1.5 times), area posterior to eyes semi-circular).</p><p>We believe that these observed differences, some of which were also mentioned in original descriptions for both species, justify the raising of simulans to species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833116FFE6FD737A9CFBC2F8F7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833111FFE1FF677A9CFDC8FB78.text	03B687833111FFE1FF677A9CFDC8FB78.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Calyptomyrmex beccarii Emery 1893	<div><p>Calyptomyrmex beccarii Emery, 1893</p><p>Material examined. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, Jungle Fall Valley, 10 Apr 1976, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _HYM_0000623-624; Kent Ridge Park, YM site 2, 7 Dec 2017, W. Wang leg., ZRC _ ENT00027983; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.77853&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.40699" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.77853/lat 1.40699)">Mandai</a>, 1.40699, 103.77853, 19 Sep 2015, M.K.L. Wong leg., Berlese extraction, ZRC _ ENT00000684; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.77853&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.40699" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.77853/lat 1.40699)">Mandai Lake</a> Road, 3 Nov 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _HYM_0000990; same locality, collection date and collector as previous, ZRC _HYM_0001737.</p><p>Material not physically examined. FOCOL2181-2182 (ZMHB) [types of Calyptomyrmex beccarii var. glabratus] .</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916), Overbeck (1924) [both as C. beccarii var. glabratus]; Shattuck (2011).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; Bukit Timah Road; Kent Ridge Park; Mandai; Mandai Lake Road.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species can be found mostly in young or old/mature secondary habitats in Singapore, including waste woodlands and disturbed secondary forest fragments in urban or semi-urban settings.A few occurrences were also recorded from cultivated vegetation such as gardens. Individuals have been collected from leaf litter, sometimes soil and root substrate matrices at bases of trees.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833111FFE1FF677A9CFDC8FB78	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833111FFE1FF677E9CFC77FE37.text	03B687833111FFE1FF677E9CFC77FE37.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Calyptomyrmex loweryi Shattuck 2011	<div><p>Calyptomyrmex loweryi Shattuck, 2011</p><p>Material examined. Bukit Batok East, 29 Sep 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _HYM_0000991 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Bukit Batok East</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. A single specimen was found in mature or young secondary forest in Singapore. This species has only been found in one locality to date.</p><p>Remarks. Calyptomyrmex loweryi is very similar to the more widespread C. beccarii, but can be distinguished from the latter by its relatively larger size, wider head (HW generally&gt; 1.13 mm, see Shattuck 2011; 1.15 mm in the Singapore specimen) and broader posterior margin of head. However, we noticed some larger specimens of C. beccarii with maximum head width slightly more than 1.10 mm, unlike what was diagnosed in Shattuck (2011). These larger workers were from the same colony as their smaller nestmates, whose measurements better fulfilled the diagnosis for C. beccarii . Thus, size should be used with caution when differentiating between C. loweryi and beccarii .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833111FFE1FF677E9CFC77FE37	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833111FFE1FD4B7823FCC3FCB6.text	03B687833111FFE1FD4B7823FCC3FCB6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cardiocondyla kagutsuchi Terayama 1999	<div><p>Cardiocondyla kagutsuchi Terayama, 1999</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Seifert (2003).</p><p>Localities. Unknown.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Unknown in the Singapore context.</p><p>Remarks. At the time of writing, there is only a single literature record of this species in Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833111FFE1FD4B7823FCC3FCB6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833111FFE0FD4B79A3FEC9FD57.text	03B687833111FFE0FD4B79A3FEC9FD57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cardiocondyla obscurior Wheeler 1929	<div><p>Cardiocondyla obscurior Wheeler, 1929</p><p>Material examined. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.77633&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.29347" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.77633/lat 1.29347)">Icube</a>, National University of Singapore (NUS), 1.29347, 103.77633, 29 Jul-5 Aug 2015, M.S. Foo &amp; W. Wang leg., malaise trap, NUS00074, ZRC _ BDP0042671 ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.77869&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.29239" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.77869/lat 1.29239)">Prince George’s Park Residences</a> (NUS), 1.29239, 103.77869, 24 Mar-1 Apr 2015, M.S. Foo &amp; W. Wang leg., malaise trap, NUS0001, ZRC _ BDP0044284, ZRC _ BDP0044334 ; same locality and collectors as previous, 29 Apr-6 May 2015, malaise trap, NUS0021, ZRC _ BDP0044156; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.77658&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.297111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.77658/lat 1.297111)">University Hall</a> (NUS), 1.297111, 103.77658, 1-8 Apr 2015, M.S. Foo &amp; W. Wang leg., malaise trap, NUS0008, ZRC _ BDP0045349 ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.77458&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.30622" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.77458/lat 1.30622)">University Town</a> (NUS), 1.30622, 103.77458, 5-12 Aug 2015, M.S. Foo &amp; W. Wang leg., malaise trap, NUS0079, ZRC _ BDP0042640 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Wang et al. (2018a).</p><p>Localities. National University of Singapore campus (Clementi/Kent Ridge).</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This is an accomplished tramp species presumably native to Southeast Asia, mainly associated with disturbed secondary forest fragments in urban or semi-urban settings in Singapore; it can also be found in urban cultivated grass- or parklands. While the species is known to nest in dead twigs or branch cavities of bushes/trees/shrubs, formal records of local occurrences comprise mostly alates collected via malaise traps. Like its close relative (similarly also a tramp species) C. wroughtonii, C. obscurior nests in vegetation above the surface rather than in soil. Polygynous colonies with multiple queens are known to be common.</p><p>Remarks. Given the morphological similarities with the congener C. wroughtonii, which has been recorded from Singapore since 1892, it is possible that at least some historical records of C. wroughtonii were actually misidentified C. obscurior .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833111FFE0FD4B79A3FEC9FD57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833110FFE0FF0F78C3FD1EFB97.text	03B687833110FFE0FF0F78C3FD1EFB97.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cardiocondyla strigifrons Viehmeyer 1922	<div><p>Cardicondyla strigifrons Viehmeyer, 1922</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. In Seifert et al. (2017): Singapore, 1.31, 103.83, Nest sample collected pre-1920, H. Overbeck leg.</p><p>Literature. Seifert et al. (2017).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Road</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Unknown in the Singapore context.</p><p>Remarks. The name of the locality where this species was collected was roughly inferred from coordinates provided in Seifert et al. (2017).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833110FFE0FF0F78C3FD1EFB97	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833110FFE0FF0F7E83FE89F8F7.text	03B687833110FFE0FF0F7E83FE89F8F7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cardiocondyla tjibodana Karavaiev 1935	<div><p>Cardiocondyla tjibodana Karavaiev, 1935</p><p>Material examined. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, 13 Dec 1995, H.K. Lua et al. leg., NS 212C, ZRC _ ENT00000347 ; Upper Peirce Reservoir, 10 Jan 2014, Sk. Yamane leg. (SKYC) .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; Upper Peirce Reservoir.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was found in either primary or mature secondary forests in Singapore.</p><p>Remarks. In other countries, this species is known to nest in shallow soil in more open disturbed habitat with weakly herbaceous or even bare grounds. It is therefore possible that there are more undocumented occurrences of the species in more exposed and disturbed habitats locally.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833110FFE0FF0F7E83FE89F8F7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833110FFE0FD737A9CFC42FB17.text	03B687833110FFE0FD737A9CFC42FB17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cardiocondyla wroughtonii (Forel 1890)	<div><p>Cardiocondyla wroughtonii (Forel, 1890)</p><p>Material examined. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.75413&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.42638" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.75413/lat 1.42638)">Kranji Road</a>, 1.42638, 103.75413, 8 Nov 2016, G.W. Yong leg., KR1TH1392, ZRC _HYM_0001773; same locality and collector as previous, 7 Sep 2016, ZRC _ ENT00048403; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.80513&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.4119" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.80513/lat 1.4119)">Mandai Road</a>, 1.4119, 103.80513, 29 Nov 2016, G.W. Yong leg., M3D4GH850, ZRC _HYM_0001772; Upper Peirce Reservoir, 10 Jan 2014, Sk. Yamane leg. (SKYC) .</p><p>Material not physically examined. CASENT0908352, ANTC29539 (MHNG) [syntype of C.wroughtonii quadraticeps]; FOCOL1612 (ZMHB) [type queen of C.wroughtonii quadraticeps].</p><p>Literature. Forel (1912), Viehmeyer (1916), Overbeck (1924) [all as C. wroughtonii quadraticeps]. Seifert (2003).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Road; Kranji Road; Mandai Road; Upper Peirce Reservoir.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was found in both mature native-dominated, and young waste woodland secondary forests in Singapore, also in gardens. Some specimens were collected on tree trunks.</p><p>Remarks. Cardiocondyla wroughtonii is a recognized global tramp species that can thrive in a range of habitats including degraded vegetation in urban or semi-urban settings. Thus, it is highly possible that actual species distribution in Singapore might be broader, and underrepresented by material available for examination at the time of writing.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833110FFE0FD737A9CFC42FB17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833110FFE3FD737F3CFEC6FC77.text	03B687833110FFE3FD737F3CFEC6FC77.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cardiocondyla undefined-4	<div><p>Cardiocondyla sp.4 .of.SKY (*excluded from official named species count)</p><p>Material examined. Queens and workers, Central Catchment Nature Reserve, 4 Sep 2017, W. Wang leg., WW-SG17-020, ZRC _HYM_0001757; queens and workers, Mandai forest, 15 Jan 2020, W. Wang leg., WW-SG20-001, ZRC _ ENT00014129 ; Kranji Road, 7 Sep 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _ ENT00048406 .</p><p>Localities. Central Catchment Nature Reserve; Kranji Road; Mandai.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species appears to be associated mostly with mature and/or old secondary forests. Nests were found in cavities in bark of large fallen trees, or in fallen wood on ground.</p><p>Remarks. Though currently undescribed, this unique species is given special mention here as it appears quite common not just in Singapore, but in Borneo and throughout South Thailand (Sk. Yamane 2020, pers. comm.). Body generally uniformly dark brown, almost entirely coarsely rugose-reticulate except for the gaster which is smooth and shining. This species appears affiliated to Cardiocondyla thoracica (Smith, 1859), or is at least in the same species group, based on similar features such as: 1) anterior margin of pronotal disc slightly elevated and projecting above the otherwise (near) continuous convex outline of the mesosomal dorsum in profile, 2) metanotal groove indistinct or almost absent, and 3) very long propodeal spines with apices directed posteriorly.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833110FFE3FD737F3CFEC6FC77	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833113FFE3FF67799CFB56FC57.text	03B687833113FFE3FF67799CFB56FC57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Carebara affinis (Jerdon 1851)	<div><p>Carebara affinis (Jerdon, 1851)</p><p>Material examined. Lower Peirce Reservoir, Forest A, 7 Aug 1990, Zoology Dept 3 rd Year project students, ZRC _ ENT00000192 ; same locality as previous, Forest B, 25 Aug 1990, Zoology Dept 3 rd Year project students, ZRC _ ENT00000113; Lorong Banir, NS 192, 16 Jun 1995, Yang &amp; Lua leg., ZRC _ ENT00000376 ; Bukit Timah, Hindhede Drive, 25 Dec 1989, H.K. Lua leg., ZRC _HYM_00000130; Pulau Ubin, 7 Jan 2014, Sk. Yamane leg., ZRC _HYM_00000434-435, 482-483; University Campus Botany Garden, 11 Feb 1977, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _HYM_0000913; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.80513&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.41119" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.80513/lat 1.41119)">Mandai Road</a>, 1.41119, 103.80513, 29 Nov- 1 Dec 2016, G.W. Yong leg., pitfall trap, M3D3GPc806, ZRC _HYM_0001770; Bukit Batok <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.76235&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.34304" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.76235/lat 1.34304)">East Avenue</a> 6, 1.34304, 103.76235, 3-5 Oct 2016, G.W. Yong leg., pitfall trap, BB1GPd382, ZRC _HYM_0001771; Mandai forest, 7 Jun 2018, W. Wang leg., ZRC _ ENT00047996 ; male, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.77458&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.30622" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.77458/lat 1.30622)">University Town</a> (NUS), 1.30622, 103.77458, 29 Apr-6 May 2015, M.S. Foo &amp; W. Wang leg., NUS0023, malaise trap, ZRC _ BDP0044771 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916). Overbeck (1924), Yamane (2003) [all as Pheidologeton affinis]. Wang et al. (2018a).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Batok East; Bukit Timah Hindhede Drive; Bukit Timah Road; Lorong Banir; Lower Peirce Reservoir; Mandai; University Town (NUS).</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was found in both mature and young secondary forests at varying levels of disturbances, including native-dominated and abandoned plantation secondary forests. Individuals have been collected occasionally in disturbed forest fragments in semi-urban settings, or in cultivated gardens. The species has sometimes been collected from leaf litter or decayed wood.</p><p>Remarks. Considerable morphological variation was observed among different colonies of C. affinis, but we lack convincing empirical evidence supporting further species delimitation for this possible species complex at the time of writing. Thus, in this checklist, we tentatively treat all morphological variants as conspecific.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833113FFE3FF67799CFB56FC57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833113FFE3FD4B79FCFC5DF9B8.text	03B687833113FFE3FD4B79FCFC5DF9B8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Carebara castanea Smith 1858	<div><p>Carebara castanea Smith, 1858</p><p>Material examined. Alate queen, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.97475&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.41149" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.97475/lat 1.41149)">Pulau Ubin</a>, 1.41149, 103.97475, 22 Oct 2015, S.X. Chui et al. leg., ZRC _ ENT00047836 ; alate queen, Kent <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.77615&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.29518" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.77615/lat 1.29518)">Ridge Road</a>, 1.29518, 103.77615, 2 Nov 2015, Y.G. Tan leg., ZRC _ ENT00047837 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Kent Ridge Road; Pulau Ubin.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Alate queens were found, sometimes en masse, in secondary forest patches or fragments in semi-urban settings.</p><p>Remarks. At the time of writing, the only records of this species in Singapore are of alate queens. The alate queen of C. castanea closely resembles that of Carebara lignata Westwood, 1840, however, its post-petiole appears broadest (in dorsal view) anteriorly, unlike in C. lignata .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833113FFE3FD4B79FCFC5DF9B8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833112FFE2FF0F7A9CFB72FB97.text	03B687833112FFE2FF0F7A9CFB72FB97.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Carebara diversa (Jerdon 1851)	<div><p>Carebara diversa (Jerdon, 1851)</p><p>Material examined. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.88555&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.40518" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.88555/lat 1.40518)">Bukit Timah Hindhede Drive</a>, 19 Nov 1989, H.K. Lua leg., ZRC _ HYM_0000158; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.88555&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.40518" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.88555/lat 1.40518)">Bukit Timah Nature Reserve</a>, 13 Dec 1995, H.K. Lua et al. leg., NS 212C, ZRC _ ENT00000348; same locality as previous, 12 Oct 2015, D.J. Court leg., pitfall trap, ZRC _ ENT00048442; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.88555&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.40518" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.88555/lat 1.40518)">Commonwealth Avenue West</a>, 6 Dec 2005, H.K. Lua leg., LHK 457, ZRC _HYM_0000039-40; alate queens, Holland <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.88555&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.40518" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.88555/lat 1.40518)">Close</a> (in HDB flat), 14 Apr 1990, K. Lim leg., ZRC _HYM_0000201; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.88555&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.40518" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.88555/lat 1.40518)">National University</a> of Singapore (Clementi/Kent Ridge campus), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.88555&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.40518" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.88555/lat 1.40518)">Apr-Sep</a> 2015, M.S. Foo &amp; W. Wang leg., malaise trap, ZRC _BDP (multiple); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.88555&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.40518" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.88555/lat 1.40518)">Labrador</a> beach, 29 Apr 1985, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _ ENT00027996; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.88555&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.40518" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.88555/lat 1.40518)">Lower Peirce Reservoir</a>, Forest A, 25 Aug 1990, collector unknown, ZRC _ ENT0000137; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.88555&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.40518" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.88555/lat 1.40518)">Mandai</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.88555&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.40518" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.88555/lat 1.40518)">Northern Node</a>, 4 Sep 2019, J. Tan &amp; N. Chin leg., large fallen rotting branch, MIS_NN_ AC, ZRC _ ENT00027942; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.88555&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.40518" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.88555/lat 1.40518)">Mandai Lake Road</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.88555&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.40518" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.88555/lat 1.40518)">Rainforest Park North</a>, Buffer area, 1.40842, 103.78319, 54 m, 4 Sep 2019, J. Tan &amp; N. Chin leg., leaf litter, ZRC _ ENT00013862; Nee Soon Swamp Forest, 16 Apr 1992, D.H. Murphy et al. leg., Y790, ZRC _ HYM_00000037; same locality as previous, 5 Apr 2005, P. Grootaert leg., malaise trap, PGT 25046-25048, ZRC _HYM_0000038; Neo Tiew Lane, 16 Jul 2009, H.K. Lua leg., LHK 513, ZRC _HYM_0000035; Pulau Ubin (Outward Bound School grounds), 1.41662, 103.99443, 4 Dec 2016, G.W. Yong &amp; M.K.L. Wong leg., ZRC _HYM_0001051-1054; Seletar Link, 1.40518, 103.88555, 16-18 Oct 2016, G.W. Yong leg., pitfall trap, SL3GPd1195, ZRC _HYM_0001769; Seletar Reservoir Park, 12 May 1994, collector unknown, NS 132C, ZRC _HYM_0000108 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Non-types, CASENT0195766, PSW09562 (PSWC). Non-types, J.K. Wetterer leg. (JKWC) - Amber Road (Katong), 28 Jul 2014, vial #348; Dhoby Ghaut, Istana Park, 30 Jul 2014, vial #403; Harbourfront, 29 Jul 2014, vial #385; Katong Park, 1 Aug 2014, vial #448; Outram Park, 29 Jul 2014, vial #381; Punggol Point, 30 Jul 2014, vial #395; Singapore Botanic Gardens, 5 Aug 2014, vial #475 .</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916), Overbeck (1924), Moffett (1987, 1988), Yamane (2003), Tan &amp; Corlett (2012) [all as Pheidologeton diversus]. Wang et al. (2018a).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; Commonwealth Avenue West; Dhoby Ghaut; Harbourfront; Holland Close; Katong Park; Labrador beach; Lower Peirce Reservoir; Mandai; Mandai Lake Road; National University of Singapore campus; Nee Soon Swamp Forest; Neo Tiew Lane; Outram Park; Pulau Ubin; Punggol Point; Seletar Link; Seletar Reservoir Park; Singapore Botanic Gardens.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was mainly found at edges of mature/old secondary forest, in disturbed waste woodland secondary forest fragments, or swathes of cultivated vegetation such as gardens, in urban or semi-urban settings. Colonies often form rather pervasive trunk trails on the ground (including across human-made pavements), tree trunks, and over foliage. These trunk trails are part of the species’ unique group hunting/foraging or swarm raiding strategies. These ants are known to be extreme trophic generalists, consuming a wide range of material including animal carcasses, fruits, nuts, bark etc. Alates of C. diversa frequently occur in abundance at urban residential areas following a period of prolonged heavy rain and humid weather.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833112FFE2FF0F7A9CFB72FB97	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833112FFE2FD737EBCFBC5F8F7.text	03B687833112FFE2FD737EBCFBC5F8F7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Carebara overbecki (Viehmeyer 1916)	<div><p>Carebara overbecki (Viehmeyer, 1916)</p><p>Material examined. Pulau Ubin, 22 Oct 2016, W. Wang leg., leaf litter, Winkler extraction, ZRC _ENT00000988.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Types – CASENT0908912, ANTC31343 (MHNG); FOCOL0278-279 (DEIC, Muncheberg); 3 males, 2 workers, FOCOL1918-1922 (ZMHB) .</p><p>Literature. Type – Viehmeyer (1916); Overbeck (1924) [as Oligomyrmex overbecki]. Moffett (1986) [as Oligomyrmex overbecki].</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Road; Pulau Ubin.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This minute species is associated mostly with mature secondary forests in Singapore. The ants can be found in leaf litter or under bark. Nests have been found in large aged fallen tree trunks, also in root cavities in a soil mound, just next to a termite nest.</p><p>Remarks. Type locality in Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833112FFE2FD737EBCFBC5F8F7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783311DFFEDFF677A9CFDF9FC57.text	03B68783311DFFEDFF677A9CFDF9FC57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Carebara silenus (Smith 1858)	<div><p>Carebara silenus (Smith, 1858)</p><p>Material examined. Male, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.77658&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.29711" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.77658/lat 1.29711)">University Hall</a> (NUS), 1.29711, 103.77658, 6-13 May 2015, M.S. Foo &amp; W. Wang leg., malaise trap, NUS0028, ZRC _ BDP0041385 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Syntypes – CASENT0900737 -900738, ANTC19789 (BMNH)[types of Pheidologeton silenus] .</p><p>Literature. Type – Smith (1858) [as Pheidole silenus]. Moffett (1988a), Yamane (2003) [both as Pheidologeton silenus].</p><p>Localities. University Hall (NUS)</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Similar foraging and/or hunting tactics as with Carebara diversa, but lacking the stable trunk trails unique to the latter (Moffett 1988a). There is no available information on the habitat in which the type series was obtained. This species may likely be found in mature or old secondary forest fragments, in urban or semi-urban settings, where it sometimes appears to thrive in sympatry with C. diversa .</p><p>Remarks. Type locality in Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783311DFFEDFF677A9CFDF9FC57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783311DFFEDFF6779FCFBCFFCF8.text	03B68783311DFFEDFF6779FCFBCFFCF8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cataulacus granulatus (Latreille 1802)	<div><p>Cataulacus granulatus (Latreille, 1802)</p><p>Material examined. Bukit Batok, 28 Jan 2015, W. Wang leg., ZRC _ ENT00027963 ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.76235&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.34304" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.76235/lat 1.34304)">Bukit Batok East Avenue</a> 6, 1.34304, 103.76235, BB- 6GH076, ZRC _HYM_0001202.2; same locality and collector as previous, 30 Aug 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _HYM_0001208.2- 1209.2; Bukit Timah forest, 14 Aug 1968, D.H. Murphy leg., A124-4, ZRC _ HYM_0000691; Kent Ridge, 14 Apr 1985, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _HYM_0000689; Kent Ridge scrub, 18 May 1985, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _HYM_0000692; Lower Peirce Reservoir, 21 Jul 1990, H.K. Lua leg., ZRC _ HYM_0000232; Sungei Buloh, 8 Jan 2013, Sk. Yamane leg., ZRC _HYM_0000413; Pulau Sentosa, 2 Dec 1989, collector unknown (SKYC) .</p><p>Material not physically examined. CASENT0901453, ANTC20975 (OUMNH) [holotype of Cataulacus hispidus Smith, 1876, junior synonym of C. granulatus]; CASENT0922493, PSW09575-5 (PSWC).</p><p>Literature. Smith (1876) [as type of C. hispidus]. Forel (1912) [as C. hispidus]. Forel (1911), Viehmeyer (1916), Overbeck (1924) [all as C. granulatus subsp. hispidus]. Bolton (1974).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Batok; Bukit Timah; Bukit Timah Road; Kent Ridge; Lower Peirce Reservoir; Pulau Sentosa (now simply known as ‘Sentosa’); Sungei Buloh; Thompson Road.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species can be found in a broad range of habitat types, including urban or semi-urban scrub, waste woodland forest (abandoned park), mangrove back forest, and abandoned plantation (young) secondary forest. These ants are considered arboreal; specimens are often collected from low vegetation or foliage, sometimes on tree trunks or low branches.</p><p>Remarks. The first local record of this species was as the holotype of C. hispidus .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783311DFFEDFF6779FCFBCFFCF8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783311DFFEDFD4B791CFB6AFAB8.text	03B68783311DFFEDFD4B791CFB6AFAB8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cataulacus horridus (Smith 1857)	<div><p>Cataulacus horridus (Smith, 1857)</p><p>Material examined. Bukit Timah forest, collection date unknown, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _ HYM_0000688.</p><p>Material not physically examined. CASENT0217825, ANTC18013 (CASC); CASENT0922498, PSW09575-4 (PSWC).</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916); Overbeck (1924).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah forest</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This arboreal species can be found in primary or mature/old forests in Singapore. Individuals were collected from low vegetation, or on bark of trees.</p><p>Remarks. Examined ZRC material was originally identified as Cataulacus insularis Smith, 1857 – now a junior synonym of C. horridus .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783311DFFEDFD4B791CFB6AFAB8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783311DFFECFD4B7F5CFDAAFEF7.text	03B68783311DFFECFD4B7F5CFDAAFEF7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cataulacus latissimus (Emery 1893)	<div><p>Cataulacus latissimus (Emery, 1893)</p><p>Material examined. Central Catchment Nature Reserve, Bukit Kalang service road, 3 Dec 2004, T.M. Leong leg., ZRC _ ENT00048384 ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.80228&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.39532" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.80228/lat 1.39532)">Seletar Trail</a>, 1.39532, 103.80228, 5 Mar 2016, M.K.L. Wong leg., ZRC _ ENT00000685 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Bolton (1974).</p><p>Localities. Central Catchment Nature Reserve; Seletar Trail.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was collected from the edges of primary or secondary forest, in foliage along trails or roads.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783311DFFECFD4B7F5CFDAAFEF7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783311CFFECFF0F7B1CFE6AFB97.text	03B68783311CFFECFF0F7B1CFE6AFB97.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cataulacus praetextus (Smith 1867)	<div><p>Cataulacus praetextus (Smith, 1867)</p><p>Material examined. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.80185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.41312" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.80185/lat 1.41312)">Mandai Road</a>, plot 1, 1.41312, 103.80185, 6-8 Dec 2016, G.W. Yong et al. leg., M1D18GPb2421, ZRC _ ENT00048642 ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.81292&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.3834167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.81292/lat 1.3834167)">Nee Soon Swamp Forest</a>, NS 1, 1°23’00.3”N, 103°48’46.5”E, 28 Mar-4 Apr 2012, J. Puniamoorthy et al. leg., malaise trap, Reg. 29157, ZRC _ BDP0014626 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Alate queen, FOCOL2122 (ZMHB) [type queen of Cataulacus praetextus var. sumatrensis – now junior synonym of C. praetextus].</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916), Overbeck (1924) [both as C. praetextus var. sumatrensis].</p><p>Localities. Jurong Road; Mandai Road; Nee Soon Swamp Forest.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Workers of this species were found together with Tetramorium obtusidens Viehmeyer, 1916 and Technomyrmex albipes (Smith, 1861) in the same withered branch of a roadside tree; workers have also been collected from Nepenthes pitcher cups. The species appears mostly associated with old/ mature secondary forests in Singapore, including swamp forest.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783311CFFECFF0F7B1CFE6AFB97	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783311CFFECFF0F7E83FD91F937.text	03B68783311CFFECFF0F7E83FD91F937.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Crematogaster anthracina Smith 1857	<div><p>Crematogaster anthracina Smith, 1857</p><p>Material examined. Mandai mangroves, 4 Oct 1979, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _ HYM_0000699 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Syntype – CASENT0901434, ANTC20957 (OUMNH). Non-type – CASENT0914071, ANTC27752 (BMNH) .</p><p>Literature. Type – Smith (1857) [as Crematogaster anthracinus].</p><p>Localities. Mandai mangroves</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. No habitat information is available for the type series. Non-type material of this species was collected from mangroves, where the ants were found nesting in a twig of Sonneratia sp.</p><p>Remarks. Type locality in Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783311CFFECFF0F7E83FD91F937	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783311CFFECFD737AE3FC16FDD7.text	03B68783311CFFECFD737AE3FC16FDD7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Crematogaster aurita Karavaiev 1935	<div><p>Crematogaster aurita Karavaiev, 1935</p><p>Material examined. Jalan Ulu Sembawang, 1.417, 103.769, Jul 2015, J.K.N. Tan leg., C190, JKT-SG15-001, ZRC _ ENT00013939 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Jalan Ulu Sembawang</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Uncertain in the Singapore context, but this species was possibly found in young secondary forest, as inferred from the reported locality.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783311CFFECFD737AE3FC16FDD7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783311CFFECFD737843FB38FAD7.text	03B68783311CFFECFD737843FB38FAD7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Crematogaster borneensis Andre 1896	<div><p>Crematogaster borneensis André, 1896</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. CASENT0193115, BBB111 (BBBC).</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916), Overbeck (1924) [both as Crematogaster (Decacrema) borneensis macarangae].</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Hill; Central Catchment, Sime Road.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species is obligately associated with Macaranga plants, specifically host species belonging to the sections Pachystemon and Pruinosae, which are commonly found in secondary forests in general. The ant-plant associations are not strictly species-specific, and C. borneensis is known to inhabit/colonize two to seven different Macaranga host species over its entire distributional range. In Singapore, the ants were found in the hollow internodes of shafts of Macaranga hypoleuca (Rchb.f. &amp; Zoll.) Müll.Arg., and also with scale insects in Macaranga bancana (Miq.) Müll.Arg.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783311CFFECFD737843FB38FAD7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783311CFFECFD737F43FCFBF917.text	03B68783311CFFECFD737F43FCFBF917.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Crematogaster brunnea subsp. ruginota Santschi 1928	<div><p>Crematogaster brunnea ruginota Santschi, 1928</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916), Overbeck (1924) [both as Crematogaster subnuda politula var. ruginota].</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Road</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Individuals were found in the stump of a branch on a living tree, in a garden.</p><p>Remarks. At the time of writing, there are only literature records of this subspecies in Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783311CFFECFD737F43FCFBF917	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783311FFFEFFF677AE3FDE6FCD7.text	03B68783311FFFEFFF677AE3FDE6FCD7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Crematogaster coriaria Mayr 1872	<div><p>Crematogaster coriaria Mayr, 1872</p><p>Material examined. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, near BT01, 7 Jun 2017, W. Wang leg., WW-SG17-029, ZRC _ ENT00000983 ; same locality as previous, near BT02, 1.35599, 103.77397, 12 Jul 2017, W. Wang leg., WW-SG17-016, ZRC _HYM_0001736; Bukit Peirce, 10 May 2005, Sk. Yamane leg., nest in dead twig on ground (SKYC) .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Bukit Peirce; Bukit Timah Nature Reserve.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species is associated with primary and old secondary forests in Singapore, and appears arboreal. Nests have been found in trunks of living trees (e.g. Lithocarpus sp.), and also in cavities of fallen branches or twigs in old secondary forest.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783311FFFEFFF677AE3FDE6FCD7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783311FFFEFFF677943FD62FB77.text	03B68783311FFFEFFF677943FD62FB77.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Crematogaster decamera Forel 1910	<div><p>Crematogaster decamera Forel, 1910</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916); Overbeck (1924).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Road</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. A single queen was collected from a lit-lamp in a garden.</p><p>Remarks. At the time of writing, there are only literature records of this species in Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783311FFFEFFF677943FD62FB77	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783311FFFEFFF677EE3FC5CFE37.text	03B68783311FFFEFFF677EE3FC5CFE37.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Crematogaster difformis Smith 1857	<div><p>Crematogaster difformis Smith, 1857</p><p>Material examined. Upper Peirce Reservoir, 10 Jan 2014, Sk. Yamane leg., ZRC _ HYM_0000365-366.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Lectotype and paralectotypes (OUMNH) .</p><p>Literature. Type – Smith (1857). Viehmeyer (1916), Overbeck (1924) [both misspelt as ‘ C. deformis ’]; Hosoishi &amp; Ogata (2009).</p><p>Localities. Ayer Terjun (archaic place name); Bukit Timah Hill; Choa Chu Kang Road; Upper Peirce Reservoir.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was found in primary or mature secondary forests in Singapore.</p><p>Remarks. Type locality in Singapore. Very similar to the more common C. sewardi, distinguished mainly by the configuration or direction of appressed hairs/setae on the first gastral tergite - in C. sewardi, the gastral hairs are all posteriorly-directed, whereas in C. difformis, hairs in the posterior section (of the tergite) are directed medially inwards towards the centre of the tergite.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783311FFFEFFF677EE3FC5CFE37	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783311FFFEFFD4B7823FB40FB17.text	03B68783311FFFEFFD4B7823FB40FB17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Crematogaster dohrni subsp. artifex Mayr 1878	<div><p>Crematogaster dohrni artifex Mayr, 1878 [erroneously printed as 1879 in AntCat and AntWeb]</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Syntype – CASENT0919683, ANTC41462 (NHMW) [type of C. artifex] .</p><p>Literature. Type – Mayr (1878) [as C. artifex]. Viehmeyer (1916), Overbeck (1924) [both as C. artifex].</p><p>Localities. Changi (type locality); Jurong Road.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. The ants were found in Nepenthes pitcher cups, presumably in mature or old secondary forest. Colonies were also found housed in fairly large pasteboard nests around branches of trees and shrubs, with smaller satellite nests of similar substrate on neighbouring leaves sheltering scale insects ( Coccidae).</p><p>Remarks. Type locality in Singapore. Crematogaster dohrni artifex was first described as C. artifex Mayr, 1878; status as subspecies of C. dohrni was first suggested by Forel (1902), but only formally established by Emery (1922).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783311FFFEFFD4B7823FB40FB17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783311FFFEEFD4B7F03FEFCFDD7.text	03B68783311FFFEEFD4B7F03FEFCFDD7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Crematogaster egidyi subsp. szaboi Forel 1913	<div><p>Crematogaster egidyi szaboi Forel, 1913</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Syntype – CASENT0908577, ANTC30926 (MHNG)</p><p>Literature. Type – Forel (1913).</p><p>Localities. Unknown.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Unknown in Singapore context.</p><p>Remarks. Type locality in Singapore. At the time of writing, this subspecies is known only from Singapore. While we lack more recent physical material for objective comparisons, based on images on AntWeb, we observed the following differences between the types of C. egidyi szaboi and C. egidyi (in parentheses): 1) head in full face view wider than long (head in full face view either as long as wide or slightly longer than wide), 2) antennal scape mostly with dense appressed or decumbent short hairs (scape with numerous erect or suberect short hairs). Considering that these apparent differences may be symptomatic of variable imaging perspectives or conditions, we refrain from making any definite taxonomic conclusions in this paper based on our limited observations, i.e., maintain the subspecies szaboi.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783311FFFEEFD4B7F03FEFCFDD7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783311EFFEEFF0F7843FD9CFAD7.text	03B68783311EFFEEFF0F7843FD9CFAD7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Crematogaster ferrarii Emery 1888	<div><p>Crematogaster ferrarii Emery, 1888</p><p>Material examined. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.93598&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.34239" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.93598/lat 1.34239)">Temasek Polytechnic</a> - adjacent waste woodland, 1.34239, 103.93598, 13 Dec 2016, G.W. Yong leg., TT2GH587, ZRC _ HYM_0001767; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.75994&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.2056111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.75994/lat 1.2056111)">Pulau Semakau Old Fragment</a>, SMO2, 1°12’20.2”N, 103°45’35.8”E, 4-11 Oct 2012, J. Puniamoorthy et al. leg., mangroves, malaise trap, Reg. 29512, ZRC _ BDP0016526; same locality and collectors as previous, 27 Sep-4 Oct 2012, mangroves, malaise trap, Reg. 29499, ZRC _ BDP0016412, -16414 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916); Overbeck (1924).</p><p>Localities. Chua [sic] Chu Kang Road; Pulau Semakau Old Fragment; (beside) Temasek Polytechnic.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was found in waste woodland secondary forest, and also in old-growth mangroves; in the latter, specimens were collected in malaise traps. Colonies have been found in withered bamboo.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783311EFFEEFF0F7843FD9CFAD7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783311EFFEEFF0F7F43FBC5FDB7.text	03B68783311EFFEEFF0F7F43FBC5FDB7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Crematogaster inflata Smith 1857	<div><p>Crematogaster inflata Smith, 1857</p><p>Material examined. Bukit Timah Forest, 20 Dec 1969, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _ HYM_0000595 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Lectotype and paralectotype workers (OUMNH) – examined by Hosoishi &amp; Ogata (2009) .</p><p>Literature. Type – Smith (1857) [as Crematogaster inflatus]. Viehmeyer (1916), Overbeck (1924) [both as C. inflatus]; Hosoishi &amp; Ogata (2009).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Forest; Chua [sic] Chu Kang Road.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species is associated with primary and mature or old secondary forests in Singapore. Nests were observed to be made of ‘earth’ or ‘pasteboard’, typically on branches high up on (fallen) trees or in the high canopy. The ants were typically collected from fallen trees or large branches. Sometimes nests appeared to be associated with scale insects ( Coccidae) in fissures of tree bark, and underneath loose bark.</p><p>Remarks. Type locality in Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783311EFFEEFF0F7F43FBC5FDB7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783311EFFEEFD7378A3FBF1FA77.text	03B68783311EFFEEFD7378A3FBF1FA77.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Crematogaster linsenmairi Feldhaar, Maschwitz & Fiala 2016	<div><p>Crematogaster linsenmairi Feldhaar, Maschwitz &amp; Fiala, 2016</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Types – FOCOL1645-1647 (ZMHB) [original syntypes of Crematogaster borneensis hosei tubuli (see Viehmeyer 1916)]</p><p>Literature. Type – Feldhaar et al. (2016). Viehmeyer (1916), Overbeck (1924) [both as C. borneensis hosei var. tubuli].</p><p>Localities. Mandai Road</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. A member of the Macaranga - associated Crematogaster captiosa -subgroup (which also includes C. borneensis), this species colonizes mainly Macaranga hosts of the section Pruinosae, more rarely colonizing the section Pachystemon when the preferred host species are absent (Feldhaar et al. 2016). Nests have been reported to be found in hollow shafts at the end (tips) of branches of large Macaranga shrubs in Singapore.</p><p>Remarks. Type locality in Singapore. At the time of writing, this species is known to only occur in a single locality in Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783311EFFEEFD7378A3FBF1FA77	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783311EFFE9FD737FE3FED0FDB7.text	03B68783311EFFE9FD737FE3FED0FDB7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Crematogaster modiglianii Emery 1900	<div><p>Crematogaster modiglianii Emery, 1900</p><p>Material examined. Island Club forest, 20 May 1985, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _ HYM_0000709; Central Catchment Reservoir (sic), 10 May 2006, Sk. Yamane leg. (SKYC) .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Central Catchment Nature Reserve (CCNR); Island Club forest [part of CCNR].</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. A colony of this species was found in a carton nest with Polyrhachis sp., in primary or mature secondary forest. The ants were also found nesting in hanging dead twigs in similar forest.</p><p>Remarks. Previously reported literature records of the species in Singapore (i.e., Viehmeyer 1916, Overbeck 1924) actually refer to specimens from ‘St Barbe Island’, part of the Riau Island Archipelago in Indonesia, and not in Singapore. Thus, at the time of writing, this is the only known physical record of the species in Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783311EFFE9FD737FE3FED0FDB7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833119FFE9FF6778A3FE02FB77.text	03B687833119FFE9FF6778A3FE02FB77.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Crematogaster overbecki Viehmeyer 1916	<div><p>Crematogaster overbecki Viehmeyer, 1916</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Types – CASENT0912734, ANTC36291 (NHMB, Basel); queen, male and worker, FOCOL0272 -274 (DEIC, Muncheberg); queen, male and workers, FOCOL1634 -1637 (ZMHB) .</p><p>Literature. Type – Viehmeyer (1916); Overbeck (1924).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Road</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. A colony of this species was found in a dead branch of a tree in a garden, “honeycombed” by termites and beetle larvae.</p><p>Remarks. Type locality in Singapore. The only records of this species in Singapore are that of the type series.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833119FFE9FF6778A3FE02FB77	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833119FFE9FF677EE3FD62F957.text	03B687833119FFE9FF677EE3FD62F957.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Crematogaster rogenhoferi Mayr 1879	<div><p>Crematogaster rogenhoferi Mayr, 1879</p><p>Material examined. Temasek Polytechnic, adjacent waste woodland, 1.34239, 103.93598, 13 Dec 2016, G.W. Yong leg., TT2GH586, ZRC _HYM_0001722 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916); Overbeck (1924).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Road; (beside) Temasek Polytechnic.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was found in a waste woodland secondary forest fragment in urban settings, also in a garden, where individuals were collected either in Nepenthes pitcher cups, or on trees where they were observed “visiting” scale insects ( Coccidae).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833119FFE9FF677EE3FD62F957	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833119FFE8FD4B7AE3FE4BFEB8.text	03B687833119FFE8FD4B7AE3FE4BFEB8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Crematogaster sewardi Forel 1901	<div><p>Crematogaster sewardi Forel, 1901</p><p>Material examined. Admiralty, 4 Feb 2015, W. Wang leg., ZRC _ ENT00048400; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.78171&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.31115" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.78171/lat 1.31115)">Bukit Timah Nature Reserve</a>, NS 202, 4 Dec 1995, H.K. Lua et al. leg., ZRC _ ENT00000357; same locality as previous, 5 Feb 1983, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _HYM_0000705-707; Commonwealth Road, 1.31115, 103.78171, 24 Nov 2016, G.W. Yong leg., CW1TH633, ZRC _ HYM_0001762; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.78171&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.31115" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.78171/lat 1.31115)">Kent Ridge</a>, 28 May 1985, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _HYM_0000701; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.78171&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.31115" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.78171/lat 1.31115)">Lower Peirce Reservoir</a>, 21 Jul 1990, H.K. Lua leg., ZRC _HYM_0000139; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.78171&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.31115" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.78171/lat 1.31115)">Mandai forest</a>, 15 Jan 2020, W. Wang leg., foraging trail on tree trunk, WW-SG20-007, ZRC _ ENT00047968; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.78171&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.31115" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.78171/lat 1.31115)">National University</a> of Singapore campus (Clementi/Kent Ridge), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.78171&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.31115" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.78171/lat 1.31115)">Apr-Sep</a> 2015, M.S. Foo &amp; W. Wang leg., malaise trap, ZRC _BDP (multiple); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.78171&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.31115" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.78171/lat 1.31115)">Nee Soon forest</a>, 16 Aug 2017, W. Wang leg., WW-SG17-065, ZRC _ ENT00047969; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.78171&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.31115" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.78171/lat 1.31115)">Pulau Ubin</a>, 7 Jan 2014, Sk. Yamane leg., ZRC _HYM_0000361-363; same locality as previous, PU3, 1-8 Sep 2012, J. Puniamoorthy et al. leg., mangroves, malaise trap, Reg. 29451, ZRC _ BDP0016447- 16448; Sungei Buloh, Feb 2015, R.Z.B. Quek leg., mangroves, ZRC _ ENT00007861; Upper Peirce Reservoir, 10 Jan 2014, Sk. Yamane leg., ZRC _HYM_0000360 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Locality unknown, 4 Dec 1995, Sk. Yamane leg. (SKYC); locality unknown, 23 Jul 1996, Sk. Yamane leg. (SKYC) [examined in Hosoishi &amp; Ogata 2008, 2009].</p><p>Literature. Hosoishi &amp; Ogata (2008, 2009); Wang et al. (2018a).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; Commonwealth Road; Kent Ridge; Lower Peirce Reservoir; Mandai; National University of Singapore campus (Clementi/Kent Ridge); Pulau Ubin; Sungei Buloh; Upper Peirce Reservoir.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was often found in disturbed secondary forest fragments including waste woodland and abandoned park forests, and also cultivated park areas within semi-urban settings or near urban dwellings. Sometimes these ants were found in mangroves, typically on tree branches or tree trunks. Nests have been found in tree holes.</p><p>Remarks. As C. sewardi is morphologically very similar to C. difformis, it is possible that the latter species as identified in Viehmeyer (1916) and Overbeck (1924), may have been misidentified C. sewardi .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833119FFE8FD4B7AE3FE4BFEB8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833118FFE8FF0F7BA3FB17FDF7.text	03B687833118FFE8FF0F7BA3FB17FDF7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Crematogaster subnuda subsp. discinodis Emery 1893	<div><p>Crematogaster subnuda discinodis Emery, 1893</p><p>Material examined. Kranji Road, 1.42638, 103.75413, 7 Sep 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _ HYM_0001766; Labrador Hill, 9 May 1985, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _HYM_0000704; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.77658&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.29711" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.77658/lat 1.29711)">Pulau Semakau</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.77658&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.29711" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.77658/lat 1.29711)">Apr-Oct</a> 2012, J. Puniamoorthy et al. leg., mangroves, malaise trap, ZRC _BDP (multiple); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.77658&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.29711" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.77658/lat 1.29711)">Pulau Ubin</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.77658&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.29711" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.77658/lat 1.29711)">Apr-Oct</a> 2012, J. Puniamoorthy et al. leg., mangroves, malaise trap, ZRC _BDP (multiple); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.77658&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.29711" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.77658/lat 1.29711)">Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve</a>, Apr-Oct 2012, J. Puniamoorthy et al. leg., malaise trap, ZRC _BDP (multiple); University Hall (NUS), 1.29711, 103.77658, M.S. Foo &amp; W. Wang leg., malaise trap, ZRC _BDP (multiple) .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Syntype – CASENT0904488, ANTC24399 (MSNG) .</p><p>Literature. Type – Emery (1893) [as Crematogaster discinodis]. Wang et al. (2018a).</p><p>Localities. Kranji Road; Labrador Hill; Pulau Semakau; Pulau Ubin; Sungei Buloh; University Hall (NUS).</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was often found in both mature and young secondary forests in Singapore, including waste woodland secondary forest, frequently fragments in semi-urban or urban settings; nests have been found in fallen twigs. Individuals have also been collected in fairly large numbers from mangroves using malaise traps.</p><p>Remarks. Type locality in Singapore. Crematogaster subnuda discinodis appears similar to C. subnuda Mayr, 1879, but can be distinguished by its largely smooth and shiny integument, and overall lighter body colours, relative to the more rugulose and darker body of the C. subnuda type.</p><p>However, Emery (1900) observed that samples of C. subnuda collected from parts of Indonesia could vary widely in terms of head and mesosomal sculpture, and also body colour. It is not stated if this variation occurred between or within different colony samples. If extreme variation does occur between intranidal workers, it would support the synonymy of subspecies discinodis under C. subnuda . At the time of writing, we do not have adequate material (i.e., colony series of C. subnuda from a broader geographic range) necessary for evaluation. Thus, at this point we refrain from making any unjustified taxonomic changes to the current subspecies.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833118FFE8FF0F7BA3FB17FDF7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833118FFEBFD737863FE0FFDB7.text	03B687833118FFEBFD737863FE0FFDB7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Crematogaster treubi Emery 1896	<div><p>Crematogaster treubi Emery, 1896</p><p>Material examined. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.77187&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.32609" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.77187/lat 1.32609)">Bukit Timah Nature Reserve</a>, 1.35499, 103.78167, 19 Jul 2017, W. Wang leg., ZRC _ ENT00047931; I-cube building (NUS), 1.293472, 103.77633, 1-8 Apr 2015, M.S. Foo &amp; W. Wang leg., malaise trap, ZRC _ BDP0045999; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.77187&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.32609" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.77187/lat 1.32609)">Lower Peirce Reservoir</a>, Aug 1990, collector unknown, ZRC _ ENT00000144; Pulau Semakau New Fragment, Apr-Oct 2012, J. Puniamoorthy et al. leg., mangroves, malaise trap, ZRC _BDP (multiple); Pulau Ubin, Apr-Oct 2012, J. Puniamoorthy et al. leg., mangroves, malaise trap, ZRC _BDP (multiple); same locality as previous, 7 Jan 2014, Sk. Yamane leg., ZRC _HYM_0000368-370; Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve, Apr-Oct 2012, J. Puniamoorthy et al. leg., malaise trap, ZRC _BDP (multiple); same locality as previous, 1.44632, 103.73057, 5 Dec 2018, W. Wang leg., ZRC _ ENT00007638; Sunset Way, 1.32609, 103.77187, 23 Sep 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _HYM_0001765; Upper Peirce Reservoir, 10 Jan 2014, Sk. Yamane leg., ZRC _ HYM_0000371-374 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Queens, FOCOL1632-1633 (ZMHB) [types of Crematogaster millardi] .</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916), Overbeck (1924) [both as C. millardi]. Wang et al. (2018a).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; Bukit Timah Road; I-cube building (NUS); Lower and Upper Peirce Reservoir; Pulau Semakau New Fragment; Pulau Ubin; Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve; Sunset Way.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species is associated mostly with young or mature secondary forests in Singapore, including abandoned plantation forest and other disturbed fragments in urban or semi-urban settings. These ants have also been found in mangroves, nesting in mangrove tree trunks or foraging on Thalassina (mud lobster) mounds.</p><p>Remarks. This species was first recorded from Singapore as types of ‘ C. millardi ’ (Viehmeyer 1916); the latter species was synonymized as a junior synonym of C. treubi by Hosoishi &amp; Ogata (2012).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833118FFEBFD737863FE0FFDB7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783311BFFEBFD4B7AE3FB56FC78.text	03B68783311BFFEBFD4B7AE3FB56FC78.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Crematogaster (Orthocrema) bandarensis Forel 1913	<div><p>Crematogaster (Orthocrema) bandarensis Forel, 1913</p><p>Material examined. Bukit Batok <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.76235&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.34304" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.76235/lat 1.34304)">East Avenue</a> 6, BB2, 1.34304, 103.76235, Sep 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _HYM_0001716-1717; Kent Ridge Park, 7 Dec 2017, W. Wang leg.,WW-SG17-028, ZRC _ ENT00000982 ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.75413&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.42638" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.75413/lat 1.42638)">Kranji Road</a>, 1.42638, 103.75413, 8-10 Nov 2016, ZRC _HYM_0001718-1720; Upper Seletar Reservoir, 4 Oct 2020, G.W. Yong leg., GY-SG20-003, ZRC _ ENT00028568 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Bukit Batok East; Kent Ridge Park; Kranji Road; Upper Seletar Reservoir .</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was found mainly in young and/or mature secondary forests in Singapore, including abandoned plantation and waste woodland forests. Specimens were often collected in ground pitfall traps. In one occurrence, the ants were found nesting at the base of a tree, amidst leaf litter and tree roots.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783311BFFEBFD4B7AE3FB56FC78	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783311BFFEBFD4B79E3FB56F958.text	03B68783311BFFEBFD4B79E3FB56F958.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Crematogaster (Orthocrema) longipilosa Forel 1907	<div><p>Crematogaster (Orthocrema) longipilosa Forel, 1907</p><p>Material examined. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.79015&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.41155" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.79015/lat 1.41155)">Bukit Timah Nature Reserve</a>, 4 Dec 1995, H.K. Lua et al. leg., NS 201B, ZRC _ ENT00000367; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.79015&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.41155" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.79015/lat 1.41155)">Lower Peirce Reservoir</a>, 28 Jul 1990, H.K. Lua leg., LHK 108, ZRC _ HYM_0000142; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.79015&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.41155" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.79015/lat 1.41155)">Mandai Lake Road</a>, 5 Nov 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _ ENT00048422; Mandai Road, 1.41155, 103.79015, 21-23 Nov 2016, G.W. Yong leg., M2D1GPc1931, ZRC _HYM_0001764 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Forel (1912); Viehmeyer (1916); Overbeck (1924).</p><p>Localities. Ayer Terjun (archaic place name); Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; Bukit Timah Road; Lower Peirce Reservoir; Mandai.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was mostly found in primary and/or mature secondary forests in Singapore, including native-dominated secondary forest. The ants have sometimes been found in Nepenthes pitcher cups, and also frequently collected with ground pitfall traps.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783311BFFEBFD4B79E3FB56F958	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783311BFFEBFF6778A3FD32FA17.text	03B68783311BFFEBFF6778A3FD32FA17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Crematogaster yappi Forel 1901	<div><p>Crematogaster yappi Forel, 1901</p><p>Material examined. Pulau Semakau, 2012-2013, J. Puniamoorthy et al. leg., mangroves, malaise trap, ZRC _BDP (multiple).</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Pulau Semakau (Old and New Fragments).</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was collected from mangroves and/or mangrove backforests in Singapore, specifically on an offshore island landfill.A larger proportion of specimens were from newly replanted mangroves. Abundant workers were collected using malaise traps, implying that the species dwells or forages on elevated vegetation above ground.</p><p>Remarks. At the time of writing, this species was previously only known from its type locality in Kedah, Malaysia. The species’ restricted occurrence in mangroves here seems anomalous relative to the original habitat in its type locality, i.e., Gunung Inas, Kedah, which is an inland area of relatively high elevation (&gt; 1000 m a.s.l.). It might be possible that local populations of C. yappi were introduced through human commerce, or via imported plants used for mangrove reforestation.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783311BFFEBFF6778A3FD32FA17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783311AFFEAFF0F7AE3FD04FC37.text	03B68783311AFFEAFF0F7AE3FD04FC37.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Crematogaster (Orthocrema) myops Forel 1911	<div><p>Crematogaster (Orthocrema) myops Forel, 1911</p><p>Material examined. Queens, males, and workers, Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, 8 Aug 2017, W. Wang leg., ZRC _HYM_0001745; queens and workers, same locality as previous, 4 Jan 2017, W. Wang leg.,WW-SG17-003, ZRC _ HYM_0000566; queens and workers, same locality as previous, 1.35386, 103.77988, 23 Aug 2017, W. Wang leg.,WW-SG17-063, ZRC _ ENT00047959; same locality as previous, 1.35764, 103.77491, 7 Jun 2017, W.Wang leg., WW-SG17-064, ZRC _ ENT00047960 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. CASENT0914541, PSW09576-9 (PSWC).</p><p>Literature. Hosoishi et al. (2010).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This small-eyed subterranean species was found in primary and old/mature secondary forests in Singapore. Nests were often found in, or in soil under rotting wood, also in soil substrate and debris at bases of trees, usually large dipterocarps.</p><p>Remarks. At the time of writing, this species is only known from one locality in Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783311AFFEAFF0F7AE3FD04FC37	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783311AFFEAFF0F7E23FB6FFCD7.text	03B68783311AFFEAFF0F7E23FB6FFCD7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Crematogaster (Orthocrema) quadriruga Forel 1911	<div><p>Crematogaster (Orthocrema) quadriruga Forel, 1911</p><p>Material examined. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.93598&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.34239" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.93598/lat 1.34239)">National University</a> of Singapore campus (Clementi/Kent Ridge), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.93598&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.34239" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.93598/lat 1.34239)">Apr-Sep</a> 2015, M.S. Foo &amp; W. Wang leg., malaise trap, ZRC _BDP (multiple); Pulau Semakau Old Fragment, SMO2, 1°12’20.2”N, 103°45’35.8”E, 5-12 Jul 2012, J. Puniamoorthy et al. leg., mangroves, malaise trap, Reg. 29343, ZRC _ BDP0015230; Pulau Ubin, 7 Jan 2014, Sk. Yamane leg., ZRC _HYM_0000387- 388; Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve, 14 Mar 2018, W. Wang leg., WW-SG18-Crem1, ZRC _ ENT00000905; Ulu Sembawang Road, 17 May 1994, collector unknown, NS 135, ZRC _ ENT00000269; Temasek Polytechnic, adjacent waste woodland, 1.34239, 103.93598, 15 Dec 2016, G.W. Yong leg., TT1TH548, ZRC _HYM_0001763 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Wang et al. (2018a).</p><p>Localities. National University of Singapore campus (Clementi/Kent Ridge); Pulau Semakau Old Fragment; Pulau Ubin; Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve; Ulu Sembawang Road; (beside) Temasek Polytechnic.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was often found in disturbed mature or young secondary forest fragments in urban or semi-urban settings, including waste woodlands, where the ants were found foraging on tree trunks. Crematogaster quadriruga has also been found in mangroves, where individuals have been collected from trails on elevated branches of living trees.</p><p>Remarks. This small, yellowish species is similar in appearance to C. bandarensis, but can be distinguished from the latter by its small propodeal spiracle that is located relatively apart from the metapleural gland bulla - in C. bandarensis the propodeal spiracle is large and touching the metapleural gland bulla.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783311AFFEAFF0F7E23FB6FFCD7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783311AFFEAFD73797CFB90F937.text	03B68783311AFFEAFD73797CFB90F937.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dilobocondyla fulva Viehmeyer 1916	<div><p>Dilobocondyla fulva Viehmeyer, 1916</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Types – CASENT0908982, ANTC31413 (MHNG); workers, queen and male, FOCOL1971-1974 (ZMHB) [as types of D. cataulacoidea var. fulva] .</p><p>Literature. Type – Viehmeyer (1916), Overbeck (1924) [both as D. cataulacoidea var. fulva]. Wheeler (1924); Taylor (1991) [raised to species].</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Road</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. A presumably arboreal species, the type colony series was found in a hollowed-out pith channel of a twig of a mangosteen tree in a garden.</p><p>Remarks. Type locality in Singapore. This species was originally described as a subspecies of Dilobocondyla cataulacoidea (see Viehmeyer 1916), before being raised to species status by Taylor (1991). A few congeneric worker specimens from the same locality (i.e., Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, not equivalent to the type locality) were determined to confer more with D. sebesiana Wheeler, 1924 sensu lato (uncertain since only the queen has been described for the latter species).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783311AFFEAFD73797CFB90F937	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833105FFF5FF677AE3FED9FDB7.text	03B687833105FFF5FF677AE3FED9FDB7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Erromyrma latinodis (Mayr 1872)	<div><p>Erromyrma latinodis (Mayr, 1872)</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916), Overbeck (1924) [both as Monomorium latinoda (sic) – misspelling of M. latinode].</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Road</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was reportedly found in a garden.</p><p>Remarks. At the time of writing, this species is only known from Singapore based on literature records.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833105FFF5FF677AE3FED9FDB7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833105FFF5FF67785CFDEFFA77.text	03B687833105FFF5FF67785CFDEFFA77.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eurhopalothrix heliscata Wilson & Brown 1985	<div><p>Eurhopalothrix heliscata Wilson &amp; Brown, 1985</p><p>Material examined. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.7782&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.35342" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.7782/lat 1.35342)">Alate</a> queen, Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, BT 4, 1.35342, 103.77820, 1 Mar 2017, M.S. Foo leg., malaise trap, Reg. B 8274, ZRC _ BDP0072108 ; Rifle Range Road, 6 Dec 2017, F. Ito leg., WW-SG17-024, ZRC _ ENT00000775 ; males, National University of Singapore (NUS) campus, 6 Dec 2017, F. Ito leg., emerged in lab – May – Jun 2019, F117-143 (SKYC) .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Paratype – CASENT0900938, ANTC20060 (BMNH) .</p><p>Literature. Type – Wilson &amp; Brown (1984).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; NUS campus (Kent Ridge/Clementi); Rifle Range Road .</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species is associated with primary and old/mature secondary forests in Singapore. Nests were typically found in soil under rotting wood or fallen logs.</p><p>Remarks. Type locality in Singapore. The actual publication year of the article in which this species was first described is 1984, however 1985 appears to be the accepted publication year of the species in literature.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833105FFF5FF67785CFDEFFA77	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833105FFF5FF677F9CFB16FE97.text	03B687833105FFF5FF677F9CFB16FE97.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eurhopalothrix omnivaga Taylor 1990	<div><p>Eurhopalothrix omnivaga Taylor, 1990</p><p>Material examined. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, 25 Sep 2019, D.J. Court leg., ZRC _ ENT00013947 ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.80954&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.39932" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.80954/lat 1.39932)">Nee Soon Swamp</a> (Forest), 1.39932, 103.80954, 13 Sep 2015, M.K.L. Wong leg., ZRC _ ENT00000689 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; Nee Soon Swamp Forest.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was found in primary and/or mature secondary forests in Singapore, including swamp forest. Specimens were collected from soil and leaf litter.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833105FFF5FF677F9CFB16FE97	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833105FFF4FD4B7BBCFEFDFE97.text	03B687833105FFF4FD4B7BBCFEFDFE97.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eurhopalothrix procera (Emery 1897)	<div><p>Eurhopalothrix procera (Emery, 1897)</p><p>Material examined. Bukit Batok East, 29 Sep 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _ ENT00014124 ; alate queen, Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, 7 Sep 2016, M.S. foo leg., ZRC _ HYM_0001735; same locality as previous, 1.34796, 103.77914, 29 Oct 2015, M.K.L. Wong leg., ZRC _ ENT00000686; Loyang, 25 Dec 1991, D.H. Murphy leg., DHM-SG91- Eur 1, ZRC _ ENT00027934 ; queens, male and workers, Mandai Track, 4 Jan 2017, G.W. Yong leg., GY-SG17-001, ZRC _ ENT00027987 ; Nee Soon, NS141A, 1994, collector unknown, ZRC _ ENT00027943 ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.79839&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.38311" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.79839/lat 1.38311)">Upper Thomson Nature Park</a>, 1.38311, 103.79839, 19 Oct 2016, G.W. Yong leg., UT2GH1613, ZRC _HYM_0001641 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Bukit Batok East; Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; Loyang; Mandai Track; Nee Soon; Upper Thomson Nature Park.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species is associated mostly with primary and secondary forests in Singapore, including young abandoned park and plantation secondary forests. Individuals were often collected from rotting logs and leaf litter. Nests were found under loose bark of fallen trees or logs.</p><p>Remarks. Often mistaken for and assumed to be E. heliscata (especially since E. heliscata was first described from Singapore), E. procera is morphologically distinct, e.g. body sculpture overall less coarse, body hairs sparse, generally finer and not explicitly clavate. Specimens in Singapore confer more with the form of E. procera malua (Mann, 1919) than the primary types of E. procera, although the subspecies is now considered a junior synonym of the latter (thus invalid). We observed distinct differences in structure between original E. procera and the currently invalid subspecies malua that may warrant future raising of the latter to a separate species. For this checklist, however, in the absence of more compelling empirical evidence, we tentatively accept the conspecificity of E. procera and the subspecies malua.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833105FFF4FD4B7BBCFEFDFE97	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833104FFF4FF0F7B83FDB0FC77.text	03B687833104FFF4FF0F7B83FDB0FC77.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gauromyrmex acanthinus (Karavaiev 1935)	<div><p>Gauromyrmex acanthinus (Karavaiev, 1935)</p><p>Material examined. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, near BT05, 1.35386, 103.77988, 23 Aug 2017, W. Wang leg., WW-SG17-018, ZRC _ HYM_0001747; same locality and collector as previous, 1 Nov 2017, ZRC _EnT00047952 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species is associated with primary or old secondary forest in a single locality. In one instance, the ants were found nesting under the bark of a very large living tree. They were also observed in large dead logs or fallen rotting branches.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833104FFF4FF0F7B83FDB0FC77	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833104FFF4FF0F79E3FC1EFD77.text	03B687833104FFF4FF0F79E3FC1EFD77.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Liomyrmex gestroi (Emery 1887)	<div><p>Liomyrmex gestroi (Emery, 1887)</p><p>Material examined. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.77736&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.3489" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.77736/lat 1.3489)">Bukit Timah Nature Reserve</a>, ca. 50 m uphill of Main Path, 1.3489, 103.77736, 15 Mar 2017, W. Wang leg., trunk cavity of very large fallen tree, ZRC _ HYM_0001169; Nassim Road, 25 Sep 1969, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _HYM_0000018; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.99443&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.41662" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.99443/lat 1.41662)">Pulau Ubin</a>, 1.41662, 103.99443, 4 Dec 2016, G.W. Yong &amp; M.K.L. Wong leg., ZRC _ HYM_0001072; Rifle Range Road, 27 Jul 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _HYM_00000994; Racecourse forest, 11 Jan 1981, D.H. Murphy leg., DHM-SG81- Lio 1, ZRC _ ENT00027928 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Non-type workers, specific locality unknown, Sk. Yamane leg. (SKYC) – in Rigato &amp; Bolton (2011).</p><p>Literature. Rigato &amp; Bolton (2011); Yong et al. (2017).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; Nassim Road; Pulau Ubin; Rifle Range Road; Racecourse Forest.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species is associated with primary or secondary forests in Singapore, including young secondary forests. The ants have been found mostly in or under bark of large dead trees in old secondary forest. In one instance, nestmates were found in the trunk cavity of a very large, relatively fresh-fallen tree. Though often reported elsewhere to be associated with termites, no such associations were observed or recorded for local occurrences of this species. The ants have also been found boring in rotten timber under bark of standing dead trees ca. 50 feet above ground, in deep bark scrapings of trees, and under frais-filled bark.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833104FFF4FF0F79E3FC1EFD77	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833104FFF4FD7378E3FB93FB77.text	03B687833104FFF4FD7378E3FB93FB77.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lophomyrmex bedoti Emery 1893	<div><p>Lophomyrmex bedoti Emery, 1893</p><p>Material examined. Locality and collection date unknown (only ‘Singapore’ indicated on label), D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _HYM_0000634; locality unknown [but deduced as Nee Soon based on ‘swamp forest’ on original label], 14 Apr 1993, Sk. Yamane leg. (SKYC) .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916); Overbeck (1924).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Road; Nee Soon.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was found in the rotten trunk of a fallen tree on the ground, in a garden. More recently these ants were also collected from swamp forest.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833104FFF4FD7378E3FB93FB77	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833104FFF7FD737EE3FD20FD57.text	03B687833104FFF7FD737EE3FD20FD57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lordomyrma Emery 1897	<div><p>Lordomyrma cf.sp.7.of.SKY (*excluded from official named species count)</p><p>Material examined. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.78319&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.40842" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.78319/lat 1.40842)">Queens</a>, males and workers, Mandai, Northern Node, 1.40842, 103.78319, 54 m a.s.l., 25 Jul 2019, J. Tan &amp; S. Tang leg., JTNC-MIC-005, ZRC _ ENT00013559 ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.77653&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.40469" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.77653/lat 1.40469)">Mandai Bike Trail</a>, 1.40469, 103.77653, 10 Mar 2016, M.K.L. Wong leg., ZRC _ ENT00000690 ; Mandai Track, 4 Jan 2017, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _ ENT00027990 ; Pulau Ubin, 12 Jan 2015, W. Wang leg., ZRC _ ENT00000980 ; Upper Thomson Road, 11 Oct 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _HYM_0000997 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New genus record.</p><p>Localities. Mandai; Pulau Ubin; Upper Thomson Road.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was collected from old or mature secondary forests, including abandoned plantation forest. The ants were sometimes found nesting in fallen rotting wood, logs or tree branches.</p><p>Remarks. This is the first record of the genus Lordomyrma in Singapore; unfortunately, we were unable to identify local specimens to known species at the time of writing. This species should be closely related to L. reticulata or L. azumai based on general habitus and strong rugulose-reticulate sculpture. It is most similar morphologically to L. idianale that was described from the Philippines, but with small nodules on the pronotal humeri amongst other more subtle differences.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833104FFF7FD737EE3FD20FD57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833107FFF7FF6778C3FD3AF977.text	03B687833107FFF7FF6778C3FD3AF977.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mayriella transfuga Baroni Urbani 1977	<div><p>Mayriella transfuga Baroni Urbani, 1977</p><p>Material examined. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.78167&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.35499" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.78167/lat 1.35499)">Bukit Timah Nature Reserve</a>, BT07, 1.35499, 103.78167, 22 Dec 2016, W. Wang leg., soil, WW-SG16-005, ZRC _HYM_0000353; same locality as previous, 1.34796, 103.77914, 29 Oct 2015, M.K.L. Wong leg., Berlese extraction, ZRC _ ENT00000691-692; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.80206&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.38245" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.80206/lat 1.38245)">Nee Soon</a>, 1.38245, 103.80206, 46 m, 26 Apr 2018, W. Wang leg., Winkler extraction, NS_W2, ZRC _ ENT00000954 ; Pulau Ubin, 22 Oct 2016, W. Wang leg., Winkler extraction, ZRC _ ENT00000987 ; same locality as previous, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.99317&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.4126" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.99317/lat 1.4126)">Jalan Sam Heng</a>, 1.41260, 103.99317, 4 Dec 2016, G.W. Yong &amp; M.K.L. Wong leg., Winkler extraction, ZRC _HYM_0001136 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. ANIC 32- 014977, Shattuck1345185593; ANIC 32- 015009, Shattuck1345233190 (ANIC).</p><p>Literature. Taylor (1991); Shattuck &amp; Barnett (2007).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; Nee Soon; Pulau Ubin.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was found mostly in primary and/or mature secondary forests, as well as young secondary forests in Singapore, including Adinandra belukar and swamp forest. These minute ants were usually collected from leaf litter or leaf mound berlesate.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833107FFF7FF6778C3FD3AF977	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833107FFF6FD4B7A9CFEF3FD37.text	03B687833107FFF6FD4B7A9CFEF3FD37.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Meranoplus bicolor (Guerin-Meneville 1844)	<div><p>Meranoplus bicolor (Guérin-Méneville, 1844)</p><p>Material examined. Botany Dept. Garden (NUS), 1 Nov 1990, H.K. Lua leg., ZRC _ ENT00000260; Changi sand dunes, 21 Nov 1982, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _ HYM_0000696; Commonwealth Avenue West, 6 Apr 2006, H.K. Lua leg., LHK 461, ZRC _HYM_0000187; I-cube building (NUS), 1.29347, 103.77633, 24 Jun-1 Jul 2015, M.S. Foo &amp; W. Wang leg., malaise trap, NUS0054, ZRC _ BDP0044222; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.77458&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.30622" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.77458/lat 1.30622)">University Town</a> (NUS), 1.30622, 103.77458, Apr-May 2015, M.S. Foo &amp; W. Wang leg., malaise trap, ZRC _BDP multiple; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.75413&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.42638" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.75413/lat 1.42638)">Kranji Road</a>, 1.42638, 103.75413, 1-10 Nov 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _HYM_0001274-1278; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.96924&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.40308" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.96924/lat 1.40308)">Pulau Ubin</a>, 1.40308, 103.96924, 4 Dec 2016, G.W. Yong &amp; M.K.L. Wong leg., ZRC _HYM_0001073; Queen’s Crescent, 14 Mar 2006, H.K. Lua leg., LHK 460, ZRC _HYM_0000185; Sime Road, 14 Jul 2009, H.K. Lua leg., LHK 508, ZRC _HYM_0000188; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.93598&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.34239" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.93598/lat 1.34239)">Temasek Polytechnic</a>, adjacent waste woodland, 1.34239, 103.93598, 13-15 Dec 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _HYM_0001272-1273; Tuas West Drive, 31 Mar 2007, H.K. Lua leg., LHK 466, ZRC _HYM_0000184; Upper Peirce Reservoir, 10 Jan 2014, Sk. Yamane leg., ZRC _ HYM_0000406-407; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.70185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.40866" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.70185/lat 1.40866)">Western Catchment</a>, 1.40866, 103.70185, 20 Nov 2015, M.K.L. Wong leg., ZRC _ ENT00000693 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Non-types, J.K. Wetterer leg. (JKWC) - Kallang, Riverside Park, 29 Jul 2014, vial #372; Punggol, by MRT station, 30 Jul 2014, vial #390; Bishan, 31 Jul 2014, vial #424; Tai Seng, by MRT station, 31 Jul 2014, vial #422; East Coast Park (Katong), 1 Aug 2014, vial #442; Pasir Panjang, by MRT station, 5 Aug 2014, vial #482; Singapore Botanic Gardens, 5 Aug 2014, vial #477 .</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916); Overbeck (1924); Tan &amp; Corlett (2012); Wang et al. (2018a).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Road; Changi; Commonwealth Avenue West; East Coast Park (Katong part); Kranji Road; National University of Singapore campus (multiple sites); Pasir Panjang; Pulau Ubin; Punggol; Queen’s Crescent; Riverside Park (Kallang); Sime Road; Singapore Botanic Gardens; Tai Seng; Temasek Polytechnic; Tuas West Drive; Upper Peirce Reservoir; Western Catchment.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was commonly found in young secondary forests in Singapore, also in recreational parks and other cultivated areas in urban or semi-urban settings, and grasslands. Individuals have also been collected from disturbed and waste woodland secondary forests; one occurrence reported in marshland. This species is known to nest in soil and forage mostly on the ground, though individuals have been collected via malaise traps and sweep netting of vegetation. One ground nest was described as forming ‘narrow passages in loamy soil which go deep below the surface.’</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833107FFF6FD4B7A9CFEF3FD37	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833106FFF6FF0F7923FE66FB17.text	03B687833106FFF6FF0F7923FE66FB17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Meranoplus malaysianus Schodl 1998	<div><p>Meranoplus malaysianus Schödl, 1998</p><p>Material examined. Holland <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.78236&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.32982" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.78236/lat 1.32982)">Woods</a>, 1.32982, 103.78236, 16 Oct 2017, W.N. Lam leg., HW02_05, ZRC _ ENT00047926 ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.7862&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.28707" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.7862/lat 1.28707)">Kent Ridge</a>, 1.28707, 103.7862, 9 Jan 2018, R.J.Y. Lim et al. leg., ZRC _ ENT00047841 ; same locality and collectors as previous, 1.28791, 103.7855, 19 May 2017, ZRC _ ENT00047842 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Holland Woods; Kent Ridge.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This minute species was found in mature secondary forests, frequently in lower pitcher contents of Nepenthes ampullaria or N. rafflesiana .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833106FFF6FF0F7923FE66FB17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833106FFF6FF0F7F03FC6DFE57.text	03B687833106FFF6FF0F7F03FC6DFE57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Meranoplus mucronatus Smith 1857	<div><p>Meranoplus mucronatus Smith, 1857</p><p>Material examined. Mandai, 10 Sep 1980, Tay Soon Cheng leg., sugar [sic] plantation, ZRC _ ENT00047925; locality and collectors unknown, Oct-Nov 1988, ZRC _ ENT00028677 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Mandai</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was once found in a sugarcane plantation in Singapore.</p><p>Remarks. This species is the largest of the genus Meranoplus in the Oriental region, and can be easily distinguished from its congeners in the same region by its strikingly armed promesonotal shield. The record of M. mucronatus in Viehmeyer (1916) was of specimens from Gunong Angsi in Malaysia, not Singapore as is often mistaken.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833106FFF6FF0F7F03FC6DFE57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833106FFF6FD737BC3FC66FB58.text	03B687833106FFF6FD737BC3FC66FB58.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Metapone murphyi Wang, Yamada & Eguchi 2019	<div><p>Metapone murphyi Wang, Yamada &amp; Eguchi, 2019</p><p>Material examined. Holotype, Pulau Sakra, 7 Mar 1981, D.H. Murphy leg., DHM-SG81-Meta1, ZRC _ ENT00000878; paratypes, worker, queens and males, same locality and collecting data as holotype, ZRC _HYM_0000016.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Wang et al. (2019).</p><p>Localities. Pulau Sakra</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. The type series of this species was found in a decayed coconut stump, on an offshore island that has long since been heavily developed for industrial purposes.</p><p>Remarks. Type locality in Singapore. At the time of writing, the only known record of this species is that of the type series from Singapore. Considering the elusive termitophilous nature of the genus Metapone, M. murphyi might be thriving elsewhere undiscovered on the main island or other offshore islands in association with termite nests.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833106FFF6FD737BC3FC66FB58	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833106FFF1FD737EC3FD62FDB7.text	03B687833106FFF1FD737EC3FD62FDB7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Monomorium atomum subsp. procax Forel 1911	<div><p>Monomorium atomum procax Forel, 1911</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Syntype – CASENT0908766, ANTC31116 (MHNG) .</p><p>Literature. Type – Forel (1911) [as Monomorium (Martia) atomus var. procax]. Viehmeyer (1916), Overbeck (1924) [both as M. (Martia) atomus var. procax].</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Hill; Bukit Timah Road.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was found in primary or mature/old secondary forest, also in a garden, where colonies were collected from dead, hollowed-out (tree) branches.</p><p>Remarks. Type locality in Singapore. We do not have more recent physical material for reliable systematic assessment. Differences between M. atomum and its subspecies procax are also subtle and difficult to discern from type images on AntWeb. Nevertheless, we observed one striking difference: the propodeum in M. atomum is distinctly much longer than wide in dorsal view, whereas in M. atomum procax the propodeum is only slightly longer than wide. We maintain the subspecies procax for want of more compelling empirical evidence and material to support a raise in status to species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833106FFF1FD737EC3FD62FDB7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833101FFF1FF6778A3FD26FB77.text	03B687833101FFF1FF6778A3FD26FB77.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Monomorium butteli subsp. demochrum Viehmeyer 1916	<div><p>Monomorium butteli demochrum Viehmeyer, 1916</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Types – CASENT0908694, ANTC31044 (MHNG); dealate queen and workers, FOCOL1693-1696 (ZMHB) .</p><p>Literature. Type – Viehmeyer (1916); Overbeck (1924).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Road</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. The type series was found in a garden under a portico, specifically under a flower-pot on a table.</p><p>Remarks. Type locality in Singapore. At the time of writing, the only record of this species is that of the type series from Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833101FFF1FF6778A3FD26FB77	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833101FFF1FF677EE3FB6BF9B7.text	03B687833101FFF1FF677EE3FB6BF9B7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Monomorium floricola (Jerdon 1851)	<div><p>Monomorium floricola (Jerdon, 1851)</p><p>Material examined. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.79839&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.38311" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.79839/lat 1.38311)">Bukit Batok East</a>, 1.34304, 103.76235, Sep-Oct 2016, G.W. Yong leg., trunk pitfall, ZRC _HYM_0001282-1283; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.79839&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.38311" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.79839/lat 1.38311)">Commonwealth Road</a>, 1.31115, 103.78171, 22-24 Nov 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _ HYM_0001286-1287; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.79839&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.38311" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.79839/lat 1.38311)">Kranji Road</a>, 1.42638, 103.75413, 1-3 Nov 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _HYM_0001288-1289; queens, males and workers, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.79839&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.38311" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.79839/lat 1.38311)">National University</a> of Singapore campus (Clementi/Kent Ridge, multiple sites), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.79839&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.38311" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.79839/lat 1.38311)">Apr-Sep</a> 2015, M.S. Foo &amp; W. Wang leg., malaise trap, ZRC _BDP (multiple); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.79839&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.38311" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.79839/lat 1.38311)">Pulau Ubin</a>, 7 Jan 2014, Sk. Yamane leg., ZRC _HYM_0000380-381; queens, males and workers, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.79839&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.38311" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.79839/lat 1.38311)">Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve</a>, 28 Mar 2018, W. Wang leg., WW-SG18- Mono 1, ZRC _ ENT00000959; queens and workers, same locality as previous, 8 Jan 2014, Sk. Yamane leg., SG14-SKY-34, ZRC _HYM_0000440; Sunset Way, 1.32609, 103.77187, 21-23 Sep 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _HYM_0001280-1281; Temasek Polytechnic, adjacent waste woodland, 1.34239, 103.93598, 13-15 Dec 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _HYM_0001284-1285; Upper Thomson Nature Park, 1.38311, 103.79839, Oct 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _HYM_0001290-1292 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Non-types, J.K. Wetterer leg. (USNM) – Amber Road (Katong), 28 Jul 2014, vials #331, 345, 351; Riverside Park (Kallang), 29 Jul 2014, vial #372; City Hall, by church, 29 Jul 2014, vial #374; Outram Park, by MRT station, 29 Jul 2014, vial #379; Queenstown, 29 Jul 2014, vial #383; Promenade, by MRT station, 4 Aug 2014, vial #468.</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916); Overbeck (1924); Wang et al. (2018a).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Batok East; Commonwealth Road; Kranji Road; National University of Singapore campus (Clementi/Kent Ridge); Pulau Ubin; Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve; Sunset Way; beside Temasek Polytechnic; Upper Thomson Nature Park.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species appears very common in Singapore and was often found in a broad variety of different habitats across the disturbance spectrum, including: abandoned plantation and waste woodland secondary forests, disturbed secondary forest fragments in urban or semi-urban settings, gardens, mangroves, sometimes even in urban infrastructure including buildings. In mangroves, nests were found in bark of dead tree trunks, and also in dead twigs on trees, usually with multiple queens per colony. Colonies have also been found in hollow twigs of mangosteen trees and in withered bamboo.</p><p>Remarks. This species is a recognized common tramp ant widespread throughout the whole world, mostly in warm tropical regions.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833101FFF1FF677EE3FB6BF9B7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833100FFF0FF0F7AE3FEA5FA17.text	03B687833100FFF0FF0F7AE3FEA5FA17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Monomorium hospitum Viehmeyer 1916	<div><p>Monomorium hospitum Viehmeyer, 1916</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Syntypes – 4 queens, 4 males (MNHU). Types – queen, male, workers, FOCOL1727-1730 (ZMHB) .</p><p>Literature. Type – Viehmeyer (1916), Overbeck (1924) [both as Monomorium (Corynomyrmex) hospitum]. Bolton (1987).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Road</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. The type series of this species was found with M. floricola workers in a garden, specifically inside the narrow passages of a branch stump.</p><p>Remarks. Type locality in Singapore. Based on images on AntWeb, the worker of M. hospitum resembles the more widespread M. floricola, but with subtle differences ( M. floricola traits in parentheses): 1) posterior margin of head broadly convex, transitions to lateral margin in a smooth curve without apparent angle (posterior margin almost flat with weak median depression, posterior corners roundly angulate), 2) propodeal junction distinctly angulate (propodeal junction indistinct and obtusely rounded).</p><p>Monomorium hospitum was originally described based only on queens and males. Viehmeyer (1916) surmised that M. hospitum appeared ‘parasitic’ on M. floricola, as alates of the former species were collected from the latter’s nest. The author also felt that the alates of M. hospitum were distinct enough to warrant the establishment of a new subgenus — the now-defunct ‘ Corynomyrmex ’. The queen of M. hospitum is easily distinguished from that of M. floricola by its relatively convex mesosomal dorsum, such that mesosoma appears ovate in profile (in M. floricola queens, mesosomal dorsum is almost entirely flat and straight, mesosoma more cylindrical in profile).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833100FFF0FF0F7AE3FEA5FA17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833100FFF0FD737AE3FBE9FCB7.text	03B687833100FFF0FD737AE3FBE9FCB7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Monomorium monomorium Bolton 1987	<div><p>Monomorium monomorium Bolton, 1987</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Tan &amp; Corlett (2012).</p><p>Localities. National University of Singapore campus (Kent Ridge); West Coast Park.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Specimens identified as this species were collected from young secondary forests, recreational parks (mown grassland with trees and shrubs), and open grasslands.</p><p>Remarks. At the time of writing, this presumably non-native species is only known from Singapore based on one relatively recent literature record that could not be verified for taxonomic accuracy. Some specimens available in the ZRC were morphologically similar to M. monomorium sensu lato but could not be identified as the latter with confidence – these were at best designated as undescribed species of the M. monomorium group.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833100FFF0FD737AE3FBE9FCB7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833100FFF3FD7379A3FD39FD37.text	03B687833100FFF3FD7379A3FD39FD37.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Monomorium pharaonis (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>Monomorium pharaonis (Linnaeus, 1758)</p><p>Material examined. National University of Singapore (NUS) building, 10 Jul 2007, D. Lohman leg. (SKYC) .</p><p>Material not physically examined. ANIC 32- 062894-062896 (ANIC); CASENT0102330, ANTC4573 (BMNH) [former lectotype of ‘ Myrmica fragilis ’ – now invalid name]; CASENT0008625, ANTC2204 (OUMNH) [former lectotype of ‘ Monomorium / Myrmica vastator ’ – now invalid name]. Non-types, J.K. Wetterer leg. (JKWC) – Harbourfront, 29 Jul 2014, vial #385; Katong, Amber Road, 31 Jul 2014, vial #434; Mountbatten, by MRT station, 4 Aug 2014, vial #465; Queenstown, 29 Jul 2014, vial #383.</p><p>Literature. Smith (1857) [as Myrmica vastator]; Smith (1858) [as Myrmica fragilis]; Viehmeyer (1916); Overbeck (1924); Heterick (2006); Tan &amp; Corlett (2012).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Road; Bukit Timah Nature Reserve (BTNR); Central Catchment Nature Reserve (CCNR); NUS campus.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. These ants were commonly found both foraging and nesting indoors in artificial human-constructed infrastructure, such as in households and offices, also in back gardens of residential housing. This species was also reportedly collected at baited traps set up in primary and/or old secondary forests.</p><p>Remarks. As with many other congeners, Monomorium pharaonis is considered a globally widespread tramp ant, invasive to many areas, and is also infamous as a common household/ indoor pest where it occurs. Records of the species from primary or old secondary forests in the CCNR and BTNR were only in literature and could not be taxonomically verified at the time of writing. It is possible that these records were cases of misidentification.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833100FFF3FD7379A3FD39FD37	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833103FFF3FF677923FDCFFB77.text	03B687833103FFF3FF677923FDCFFB77.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Myrmecina bandarensis Forel 1913	<div><p>Myrmecina bandarensis Forel, 1913</p><p>Material examined. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.81292&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.3834167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.81292/lat 1.3834167)">Alate</a> queen, Nee Soon Swamp Forest, NS 1, 1°23’00.3”N, 103°48’46.5”E, 28 Mar-4 Apr 2012, J. Puniamoorthy et al. leg., malaise trap, Reg. 29157, ZRC _ BDP0014622 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Nee Soon Swamp Forest</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. A single alate queen of this species was found in freshwater swamp forest, collected in a malaise trap sample.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833103FFF3FF677923FDCFFB77	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833103FFF3FF677EE3FB2DFED7.text	03B687833103FFF3FF677EE3FB2DFED7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Myrmecina magnificens Wong & Guenard 2016	<div><p>Myrmecina magnificens Wong &amp; Guénard, 2016</p><p>Material examined. Holotype, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.79839&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.41258" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.79839/lat 1.41258)">Central Catchment Nature Reserve</a>, Seletar Trail, 1.39514, 103.80260, 47 m, 2 Sep 2015, M.K.L. Wong leg., Winkler extraction, ZRC _ ENT00000665; Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, 1.34883, 103.77869, 9 May 2017, W. Wang leg., ZRC _ HYM_0000982; same locality as previous, 30 May 2016, D.J. Court leg., pitfall trap, ZRC _ ENT00048382; Mandai Road, 1.41258, 103.79839, 5-7 Dec 2016, G.W. Yong leg., M1D7GPb2495, ZRC _HYM_0001293.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Four paratype workers (HKUC) .</p><p>Literature. Type - Wong &amp; Guénard (2016).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; Central Catchment Nature Reserve; Mandai Road.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species is associated with primary and/or mature secondary forests in Singapore, typically in soil and leaf litter.</p><p>Remarks. Type locality in Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833103FFF3FF677EE3FB2DFED7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833103FFF3FD4B7B43FCFFFCB7.text	03B687833103FFF3FD4B7B43FCFFFCB7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Myrmecina maryatiae Okido, Ogata & Hosoishi 2020	<div><p>Myrmecina maryatiae Okido, Ogata &amp; Hosoishi, 2020</p><p>Material examined. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.77397&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.35599" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.77397/lat 1.35599)">Bukit Timah Nature Reserve</a>, 1.35599, 103.77397, 2 Aug 2017, W. Wang leg., ZRC _ HYM0001743 ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.78137&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.37451" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.78137/lat 1.37451)">Chestnut Nature Park</a>, 1.37451, 103.78137, 27 Feb 2022, T.K.C. Leung leg., ZRC _ ENT00054741 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; Chestnut Nature Park.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Individuals of this species were found in primary and Dillenia suffruticosa - dominated young secondary forest, on fallen logs.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833103FFF3FD4B7B43FCFFFCB7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833103FFF2FD4B79A3FEC4FCB7.text	03B687833103FFF2FD4B79A3FEC4FCB7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Myrmicaria adpressipilosa Santschi 1928	<div><p>Myrmicaria adpressipilosa Santschi, 1928 stat. n.</p><p>Myrmicaria (Heptacondylus) arachnoidea [sic] var. adpressipilosa Santschi, 1928: 130 (w.)</p><p>Subspecies of Myrmicaria arachnoides: Bolton, 1995: 285; Pfeiffer et al., 2011: 16.</p><p>Material examined. Queen and workers, Nee Soon forest, 11 Feb 1974, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _ ENT00006313 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Nee Soon forest</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was found in swamp forest and/or its adjacent drier native-dominated secondary forest, also in old or mature secondary forest further inland. The ants build carton nests on leaves and foliage, usually on undersides of large tree leaves.</p><p>Remarks. Myrmicaria adpressipilosa was originally described as a subspecies of Myrmicaria arachnoides (Smith, 1857) . Emery (1900) stated that M. adpressipilosa resembled Myrmicaria arachnoides lutea Emery, 1900 in terms of body colour and general habitus, but could be differentiated from the latter, by the mostly adpressed or decumbent hairs on its body. Based on colonies of both taxa from other parts of Southeast Asia, it was later determined that the adpressed hairs are really an artifact and not diagnostic of the species (Bakhtiar &amp; Yamane 2022, unpublished) Further examination of those colonies revealed more compelling differences between workers of both species (Bakhtiar &amp; Yamane 2022, unpublished). Myrmicaria adpressipilosa can be distinguished from M. arachnoides based on the following ( M. arachnoides traits in parentheses): 1) propodeal spiracle large, its maximum diameter slightly shorter or longer than distance between spiracle and dorsal margin of propodeum (propodeal spiracle small, its maximum diameter much shorter than distance between spiracle and dorsal margin of propodeum), 2) pronotal and propodeal sides irregularly striate (pronotal and propodeal sides extensively smooth and shining), 3) propodeal declivity with lateral longitudinal carinae (propodeal declivity lacking lateral carinae) [Bakhtiar &amp; Yamane 2022, unpublished].</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833103FFF2FD4B79A3FEC4FCB7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833102FFF2FF0F79A3FD1AFA77.text	03B687833102FFF2FF0F79A3FD1AFA77.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Myrmicaria arachnoides (Smith 1857)	<div><p>Myrmicaria arachnoides (Smith, 1857)</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916); Overbeck (1924).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Road</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Alate queens and males were found at a lit-lamp in a garden; in the same garden, a dealate queen was also found in a small pasteboard cell on the underside of a leaf.</p><p>Remarks. At the time of writing, this species is only known from Singapore based on past literature records. A number of the alates collected at the same time by Overbeck were later on identified as the subspecies lutea and luteiventris respectively (see Viehmeyer 1922).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833102FFF2FF0F79A3FD1AFA77	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833102FFF2FF0F7FE3FB89FE37.text	03B687833102FFF2FF0F7FE3FB89FE37.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Myrmicaria arachnoides subsp. lutea Emery 1900	<div><p>Myrmicaria arachnoides lutea Emery, 1900</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Types – queens and males, FOCOL1602-1605 (ZMHB) .</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1922) [type queen and male].</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Road</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Alates were collected from a lit-lamp in a garden.</p><p>Remarks. The queen and male of this subspecies were first described by Viehmeyer (1922) based on specimens collected from Singapore, that were in turn initially identified as M. arachnoides in Viehmeyer’s earlier publication (see Viehmeyer 1916).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833102FFF2FF0F7FE3FB89FE37	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833102FFFDFD737823FDAEFDF7.text	03B687833102FFFDFD737823FDAEFDF7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Myrmicaria luteiventris Emery 1900	<div><p>Myrmicaria luteiventris Emery, 1900</p><p>Material examined. Queens, males and workers, Pulau Ubin, 1.42022, 103.94598, 31 Aug 2016, M.S. Foo, W. Wang &amp; M. Tuan leg., WW-SG16-001, ZRC _HYM_0000247; same locality as previous, 1.41662, 103.99443, 4 Dec 2016, G.W. Yong &amp; M.K.L. Wong leg., ZRC _HYM_0001079 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Type queen – FOCOL1597 (ZMHB) .</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1922) [type queen].</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Road; Pulau Ubin.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This subspecies was found in relatively disturbed old or mature secondary forest on an offshore island, where colonies were found in carton nests on the undersides of large leaves. Alates were collected from a lit-lamp in a garden.</p><p>Remarks. Myrmicaria luteiventris was originally described as a subspecies of M. arachnoides . It was later raised to species status in Pfeiffer et al. (2011), but the authors did not give any justification for this – it might have been likely a typographical error.</p><p>The queen of this species was first described by Viehmeyer (1922) based on specimens collected from Singapore, which were initially identified as M. arachnoides in Viehmeyer’s earlier publication (see Viehmeyer 1916).</p><p>The workers of M. luteiventris resemble that of M. arachnoides, except for their gaster, which is (for at least its posterior half) much paler in colour than the head and mesosoma. In M. arachnoides, the body is not distinctly bicolorous.</p><p>Further examination of colonies from other parts of Southeast Asia revealed other more compelling differences between workers of both species (Bakhtiar &amp; Yamane 2022, unpublished). Myrmicaria luteiventris can be distinguished from M. arachnoides based on the same characters described under Remarks for M. adpressipilosa . As with M. arachnoides, M. luteiventris can also be differentiated from M. adpressipilosa by the latter’s generally uniform body colour.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833102FFFDFD737823FDAEFDF7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783310DFFFDFF677863FD99FC17.text	03B68783310DFFFDFF677863FD99FC17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Myrmicaria melanogaster Emery 1900	<div><p>Myrmicaria melanogaster Emery, 1900</p><p>Material examined. Peirce Catchment, 28 Dec 1973, D.H. Murphy leg., A340-6, ZRC _ ENT00006312; same locality and collection data as previous, ZRC _HYM_0000771.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Peirce Catchment</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species appears associated with either primary or old/mature secondary forest in Singapore, as inferred from its collection locality. Some specimens were also collected from the forest edge.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783310DFFFDFF677863FD99FC17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783310DFFFDFF677E03FE95FA77.text	03B68783310DFFFDFF677E03FE95FA77.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paratopula demeta Bolton 1988	<div><p>Paratopula demeta Bolton, 1988</p><p>Material examined. MacRitchie, 1.34291, 103.82689, 15 Jun 2016, M.K.L. Wong leg., MKLW000049, ZRC _ ENT00027953 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. MacRitchie</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. A single worker was found on a vine in primary or old/mature secondary forest. This genus is known to be largely arboreal.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783310DFFFDFF677E03FE95FA77	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783310DFFFDFF677FE3FCCEFDF7.text	03B68783310DFFFDFF677FE3FCCEFDF7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paratopula oculata (Smith 1857)	<div><p>Paratopula oculata (Smith, 1857)</p><p>Material examined. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.73053&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.4465834" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.73053/lat 1.4465834)">Dealate</a> queen, Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve, SB 2, 1°26’47.7”N, 103°43’49.9”E, 24-31 Oct 2012, J. Puniamoorthy et al. leg., malaise trap, Reg. 29544, ZRC _ BDP0016446 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. One female specimen (queen) in BMNH – identified by Bolton (1988).</p><p>Literature. Bolton (1988).</p><p>Localities. Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. A single queen was found in a malaise trap sample from mangroves.</p><p>Remarks. Queens and males of this species can be distinguished from other congeners by the presence of long, acutely-pointed, curved fine hairs projecting from the tibiae, also similar long and fine curved standing hairs on entire body dorsum, including the head (Bolton 1988).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783310DFFFDFF677FE3FCCEFDF7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783310DFFFDFD4B781CFB56FB57.text	03B68783310DFFFDFD4B781CFB56FB57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pheidole aglae Forel 1913	<div><p>Pheidole aglae Forel, 1913</p><p>Material examined. Sunset Way, 1.32609, 103.77187, 21-23 Sep 2016, G.W. Yong leg., pitfall trap, SW5GPc324, ZRC _ HYM_0001779 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. FOCOL1356 (ZMHB) [type of P. exasperata var. polita – now invalid name] .</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916), Overbeck (1924) [both as Pheidole exasperata var. polita]; Eguchi (2001); Tan &amp; Corlett (2012).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Hill; MacRitchie Reservoir; Sunset Way.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was found mostly in primary or mature secondary forests in Singapore, sometimes young secondary habitats such as abandoned plantation secondary forests. Colonies have been found in rotten branches and rotting wood on the forest floor.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783310DFFFDFD4B781CFB56FB57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783310DFFFDFD4B7EFCFC26F917.text	03B68783310DFFFDFD4B7EFCFC26F917.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pheidole aristotelis Forel 1911	<div><p>Pheidole aristotelis Forel, 1911</p><p>Material examined. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.79015&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.41155" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.79015/lat 1.41155)">Bukit Timah Nature Reserve</a>, 1.35499, 103.78167, 19 Jul 2017, W. Wang leg., ZRC _ ENT00047932; same locality as previous, 5 Jun 1968, D.H. Murphy leg., D6- 10, ZRC _HYM_0000733; Mandai Road, 1.41155, 103.79015, 21 Nov 2016, G.W. Yong leg., M2D1GH1938, ZRC _HYM_0001782 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Eguchi (2001); Tan &amp; Corlett (2012).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; Central Catchment Nature Reserve; Mandai Road.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was found in primary or old/mature secondary forests in Singapore, including native-dominated secondary forest.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783310DFFFDFD4B7EFCFC26F917	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783310CFFFCFF0F7A9CFD1AFDD7.text	03B68783310CFFFCFF0F7A9CFD1AFDD7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pheidole binghamii Forel 1902	<div><p>Pheidole binghamii Forel, 1902</p><p>Material examined. Seletar Link, 1.40518, 103.88555, 25 Oct 2016, G.W. Yong leg., SL6GH1060, ZRC _HYM_0001780 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Seletar Link</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Individual workers were collected from waste woodland secondary forest.</p><p>Remarks. At the time of writing, this species is only known from a one locality in Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783310CFFFCFF0F7A9CFD1AFDD7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783310CFFFCFF0F787CFE90FAF7.text	03B68783310CFFFCFF0F787CFE90FAF7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pheidole cariniceps Eguchi 2001	<div><p>Pheidole cariniceps Eguchi, 2001</p><p>Material examined. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.79839&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.41258" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.79839/lat 1.41258)">Bukit Timah Nature Reserve</a>, 24 Aug 2015, J. Koh leg., ZRC _ ENT00013867; queen and workers, same locality as previous, 1.35386, 103.77988, 4 Jan 2017, W. Wang leg.,WW-SG17-004, ZRC _ HYM_0000568; same locality as previous, plot III-2, 12 Oct 2015, D.J. Court leg., pitfall trap, ZRC _ ENT00048443; Mandai Road, 1.41258, 103.79839, 16 Nov 2016, G.W. Yong leg., M1D4GH2163, ZRC _HYM_0001777 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Tan &amp; Corlett (2012).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; Central Catchment Nature Reserve; Mandai Road.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was found in primary and old/mature secondary forests in Singapore, including native-dominated secondary forest. The ants were found in rotting wood; individuals were usually collected from leaf litter.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783310CFFFCFF0F787CFE90FAF7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783310CFFFCFF0F7F1CFB0DFB57.text	03B68783310CFFFCFF0F7F1CFB0DFB57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pheidole clypeocornis Eguchi 2001	<div><p>Pheidole clypeocornis Eguchi, 2001</p><p>Material examined. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.77988&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.35386" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.77988/lat 1.35386)">Bukit Timah Nature Reserve</a>, BT 05, 1.35386, 103.77988, 4 Jan 2017, W. Wang leg., WW-SG17-001, ZRC _ HYM_0000564; same locality and collector as previous, BT02, 15 Mar 2017, WW-SG17-040, ZRC _ ENT00007803; queen and workers, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.77988&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.35386" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.77988/lat 1.35386)">Mandai Lake Road</a>, Night Safari, N 01°24’22.0’’, E103°47’04.7’’, 48 m, 8 Sep 2020, J.S. Tan &amp; M. Bte. Hussin leg., JTM-MIS-017, ZRC _ ENT00047775; males, queens and workers, National University of Singapore campus (Clementi/Kent Ridge, multiple sites), Apr-Aug 2015, M.S. Foo &amp; W. Wang leg., malaise trap, ZRC _BDP (multiple) .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Tan &amp; Corlett (2012); Wang et al. (2018a).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; Central Catchment Nature Reserve; Mandai Lake Road; National University of Singapore campus (Clementi/Kent Ridge).</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was found in both primary and old/mature secondary forests in Singapore, including disturbed secondary forest fragments in urban or semi-urban settings. In primary forest, colonies were found in fallen twigs or in soil near bases of aged rotting wood. In old secondary forest, the ants were found nesting under bark of fallen rotting branches or logs, also on leaf litter. Numerous alates were collected from cultivated grassy patches and disturbed secondary forest fragments in urban and semi-urban settings, using malaise traps.</p><p>Remarks. The minor workers of P. clypeocornis are almost indistinguishable from those of P. hortensis . Species occurrence was therefore only confirmed where major workers were available, or when DNA barcodes (from alates and minors) matching the verified species were obtained (see Wang et al. 2018a).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783310CFFFCFF0F7F1CFB0DFB57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783310CFFFCFD737EC3FB0BF997.text	03B68783310CFFFCFD737EC3FB0BF997.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pheidole elisae Emery 1900	<div><p>Pheidole elisae Emery, 1900</p><p>Material examined. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, plot III-2, 19 Apr 2016, D.J. Court leg., pitfall trap, ZRC _ ENT00048453 ; Mandai Lake Road, 5 Nov 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _ ENT00048424 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; Mandai Lake Road.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was found in old or mature secondary forests in Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783310CFFFCFD737EC3FB0BF997	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783310FFFFFFF677A9CFD3BFB17.text	03B68783310FFFFFFF677A9CFD3BFB17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pheidole fervens Smith 1858	<div><p>Pheidole fervens Smith, 1858</p><p>Material examined. Labrador beach, 29 Apr 1985, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _HYM_0000728 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Syntypes – CASENT0901519 -0901520, ANTC21037 (BMNH) .</p><p>Literature. Type – Smith (1858). Viehmeyer (1916), Overbeck (1924) [both as Pheidole javana]. Eguchi (2001, 2004); Sarnat et al. (2015).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Road; Labrador beach.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species is associated with a wide variety of habitats in Singapore, especially in heavily disturbed areas in urban and/ or semi-urban settings such as public beaches, roadsides, and forest edges. Nests were typically found in soil or under stones, also in rotten wood, and in dead tree stumps filled with ‘humus’ or other debris. In one instance, a colony was observed underneath a decaying fallen tree, ‘partly in the tree’ and ‘partly in (sic) the ground.’</p><p>Remarks. Type locality in Singapore. Substantial numbers of specimens of this species were observed amongst existing unsorted and uncatalogued museum material. Thus it could be inferred that the species is much more common than was represented by official catalogued records of the ZRC, at the time of writing. It is known as a globally widespread and potentially invasive species, and could be native to a large part of the Indomalayan bioregion or the Oceanic region (Sarnat et al. 2015).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783310FFFFFFF677A9CFD3BFB17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783310FFFFFFF677F3CFE3DF8F7.text	03B68783310FFFFFFF677F3CFE3DF8F7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pheidole hortensis Forel 1913	<div><p>Pheidole hortensis Forel, 1913</p><p>Material examined. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.78225&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.35435" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.78225/lat 1.35435)">Bukit Timah Nature Reserve</a>, BT 08, 1.35435, 103.78225, 14 Dec 2016, W. Wang leg., WW-SG16-004, ZRC _ HYM_0000294 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. A colony was found in soil near tree roots in mature secondary forest.</p><p>Remarks. The minor workers of P. hortensis are almost indistinguishable from those of P. clypeocornis . Species identity was therefore only confirmed for material where major workers were available.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783310FFFFFFF677F3CFE3DF8F7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783310FFFFFFD4B7A9CFC71FC97.text	03B68783310FFFFFFD4B7A9CFC71FC97.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pheidole magrettii Emery 1887	<div><p>Pheidole magrettii Emery, 1887</p><p>Material examined. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.73048&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.44614" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.73048/lat 1.44614)">Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve</a>, 1.44614, 103.73048, 14 Mar 2018, M.S. Foo leg., WW-SG18- Phei 1, ZRC _ ENT00000901 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was found nesting in fallen rotting wood in mangrove back forest.</p><p>Remarks. A few hours after collection, majors and minors of this species were observed to each possess a pair of conspicuous opaque bright yellow spots/patches at base of gaster (first gastral tergite), spots dissipated 2 days after collection — possibly midgut or crop contents, fatty mass. The major worker confers most with P. magrettii sensu lato, with lateral face of occipital lobe and gena mostly smooth and shiny.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783310FFFFFFD4B7A9CFC71FC97	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783310FFFFEFD4B79BCFEFBFCF7.text	03B68783310FFFFEFD4B79BCFEFBFCF7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pheidole megacephala (Fabricius 1793)	<div><p>Pheidole megacephala (Fabricius, 1793)</p><p>Material examined. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.76235&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.34304" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.76235/lat 1.34304)">Bukit Batok East Avenue</a> 6, 1.34304, 103.76235, 30 Aug 2016, G.W. Yong leg., BB4GH101, ZRC _HYM_0001776; Bukit Timah forest, Oct 1968, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _HYM_0000739; University campus (Bukit Timah), 23 Jun 1968, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _HYM_0000738 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. In Wetterer (2012) – site unknown, 1879, F. Smith (BMNH). Non-types, ANIC32-022899 (ANIC). Non-types, J.K. Wetterer leg. (USNM) – Bishan, by MRT station, 31 Jul 2014, vial #424; Harbourfront, 4 Aug 2014, vial #469; Little India, 27 Jul 2014, vial #330; Mountbatten, by MRT station, 4 Aug 2014, vial #465; Promenade, by MRT station, 4 Aug 2014, vial #466 .</p><p>Literature. Forel (1901); Wetterer (2007, 2012); Tan &amp; Corlett (2012).</p><p>Localities. Bishan; Bukit Batok East; Bukit Timah forest; Harbourfront; Little India; Mountbatten; University campus (Bukit Timah); National University of Singapore campus (Clementi/Kent Ridge); Promenade.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was found mostly in disturbed young secondary forest fragments in urban or semi-urban settings in Singapore, including waste woodlands and abandoned plantation forests, also along exposed forest fringes. Sometimes, ant trails were also found within urban man-made infrastructure such as concrete buildings, typically close to adjoining patches of disturbed spontaneous vegetation.</p><p>Remarks. Commonly known as the ‘African big-headed ant’, P. megacephala is a recognized globally widespread and particularly aggressive invasive species. It has been reported to often have severe negative impacts on native invertebrate fauna where it occurs (Wetterer 2012a). The native range of P. megacephala is presumably the Afrotropical region (Wetterer 2015),</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783310FFFFEFD4B79BCFEFBFCF7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783310EFFFEFF0F791CFD92FB37.text	03B68783310EFFFEFF0F791CFD92FB37.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pheidole nodgii Forel 1905	<div><p>Pheidole nodgii Forel, 1905</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Type males – FOCOL1362-1364 (ZMHB) .</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916); Overbeck (1924).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Road</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Colonies of this species were found in a garden, under a flower-pot and on a felled tree on the ground respectively.</p><p>Remarks. The male of P. nodgii was first described based on specimens collected from Singapore (see Viehmeyer 1916).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783310EFFFEFF0F791CFD92FB37	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783310EFFFEFF0F7EDCFB63FE17.text	03B68783310EFFFEFF0F7EDCFB63FE17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pheidole nodgii subsp. verlatenensis Wheeler 1937	<div><p>Pheidole nodgii verlatenensis Wheeler, 1937</p><p>Material examined. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.79839&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.41258" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.79839/lat 1.41258)">Bukit Timah Nature Reserve</a>, 1.35284, 103.77995, 11 Jan 2017, W. Wang leg., WW-SG17-008, ZRC _HYM_0000579; Mandai Road, 1.41258, 103.79839, 21 Dec 2016, G.W. Yong leg., M1D20GH2080, ZRC _ HYM_0001531 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; Mandai Road.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This subspecies was found in old or mature native-dominated secondary forest in Singapore. A colony was found in soil near rotting wood.</p><p>Remarks. Specimens available at the time of writing could not be definitely and confidently identified to species based on morphology, in the absence of type images or material for comparison. For the purposes of this checklist, we tentatively treat these specimens as Pheidole nodgii verlatenensis sensu lato, with the caveat that this record may change in future if more information or material becomes available for a more accurate species diagnosis.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783310EFFFEFF0F7EDCFB63FE17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783310EFFF9FD73783CFEC7FD97.text	03B68783310EFFF9FD73783CFEC7FD97.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pheidole parva Mayr 1865	<div><p>Pheidole parva Mayr, 1865</p><p>Material examined. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, along path, 22 Sep 2016, W. Wang leg., ZRC _ ENT00000894 ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.75413&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.42638" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.75413/lat 1.42638)">Kranji Road</a>, 1.42638, 103.75413, 8-10 Nov 2016, G.W. Yong leg., KR9GPa1492, ZRC _HYM_0001774; males and workers, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.77458&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.292389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.77458/lat 1.292389)">Prince George’s Park Residences</a> (NUS), 1.292389, 103.774583, Apr-Aug 2015, M.S. Foo &amp; W. Wang leg., malaise trap, ZRC _BDP (multiple); males and workers, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.77458&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.30622" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.77458/lat 1.30622)">University Town</a> (NUS), 1.30622, 103.77458, Apr-Sep 2015, M.S. Foo &amp; W. Wang leg., malaise trap, ZRC _BDP (multiple); male, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.76261&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.2008612" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.76261/lat 1.2008612)">Pulau Semakau New Fragment</a>, SMN1, 1°12’03.1”N, 103°45’45.4”E, 25 Oct- 1 Nov 2012, J. Puniamoorthy et al. leg., malaise trap, Reg. 29547, ZRC _ BDP0016131 ; alate queen, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.760445&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.2066389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.760445/lat 1.2066389)">Pulau Semakau Old Fragment</a>, SMO3, 1°12’23.9”N, 103°45’37.6”E, 13-20 Aug 2012, J. Puniamoorthy et al. leg., malaise trap, Reg. 29435 ZRC _ BDP0016540 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Man &amp; Lee (2012); Tan &amp; Corlett (2012); Wang et al. (2018a).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; Kranji Road; National University of Singapore campus (Clementi/Kent Ridge, multiple sites); Pulau Semakau.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This tiny and inconspicuous species was found in a wide variety of habitats, mostly highly disturbed areas including young waste woodland secondary forest fragments and cultivated parks/gardens in urban or semi-urban settings. These ants have also been reported in mangroves, open grasslands, trailside along forest edges, and even on impervious surfaces in residential areas and other man-made infrastructure (see Tan &amp; Corlett 2012). Individuals were often found in soil and leaf litter, in rotting wood, under stones or root mats.</p><p>Remarks. Pheidole parva is a relatively widespread species presumed native to the Indomalayan bioregion and introduced outside thereof (Sarnat et al. 2015). It appears welladapted to human-dominated environments, and is considered invasive in parts of the Old World (Fischer &amp; Fisher 2013). The species has been suggested to have potential to becoming indoor nuisance pests where they occur in large numbers (Man &amp; Lee 2012; Sarnat et al. 2015)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783310EFFF9FD73783CFEC7FD97	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833109FFF9FF677883FC40FDF8.text	03B687833109FFF9FF677883FC40FDF8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pheidole plagiaria Smith 1860	<div><p>Pheidole plagiaria Smith, 1860</p><p>Material examined. Bukit Batok <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.76235&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.34304" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.76235/lat 1.34304)">East Avenue</a> 6, 1.34304, 103.76235, 5 Oct 2016, G.W. Yong leg., BB6GH412, ZRC _HYM_0001778; Bukit Timah, Hindhede Drive, 25 Nov 1989, H.K. Lua leg., ZRC _ ENT00000247 ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.77995&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.35284" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.77995/lat 1.35284)">Bukit Timah Nature Reserve</a>, 1.35284, 103.77995, 11 Jan 2017, W. Wang leg., WW-SG17-006, ZRC _HYM_0000574; Lorong Banir, 16 Jun 1995, Yang &amp; Lua leg., ZRC _ ENT00000377 ; Mandai Lake Road, 5 Nov 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _ ENT00048426 ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.79839&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.41258" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.79839/lat 1.41258)">Mandai Road</a>, 1.41258, 103.79839, 21 Dec 2016, G.W. Yong leg., M1D3GH2059, ZRC _HYM_0001781; I-cube building (NUS), 29 Jul-5 Aug 2015, M.S. Foo &amp; W. Wang leg., malaise trap, ZRC _ BDP0042659; Pulau Ubin, PU 1, 1°24’36.3”N, 103°59’25.5”E, 17-24 Nov 2012, J. Puniamoorthy et al. leg., malaise trap, Reg. 29592, ZRC _ BDP0015318; same locality and collectors as previous, 12-19 Oct 2013, malaise trap, Reg. 30212, ZRC _ BDP0016192 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Tan &amp; Corlett (2012); Wang et al. (2018a).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Batok; Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; Lorong Banir; Mandai Lake Road; Mandai Road; National University of Singapore campus (Clementi/Kent Ridge); Pulau Ubin.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was found in a broad range of habitats spanning across different levels of the disturbance spectrum, including primary and mature secondary forests, young secondary forest fragments in semi-urban settings, mangrove back forests, scrub and open grasslands. Sometimes, the ants were even observed foraging on impervious surfaces in man-made infrastructure. Nests were found in rotting wood, also in soil at bases of large trees.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833109FFF9FF677883FC40FDF8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833109FFF9FD4B781CFB2DFB57.text	03B687833109FFF9FD4B781CFB2DFB57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pheidole plinii Forel 1911	<div><p>Pheidole plinii Forel, 1911</p><p>Material examined. Mandai Road, 1.41155, 103.79015, 21-23 Nov 2016, G.W. Yong leg., pitfall trap, M2D2GPd1956, ZRC _ HYM_0001789 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Syntype – CASENT0904258, ANTC24164 (MSNG) . Lectotype and paralectotype – CASENT0907938 -0907939, ANTC29069 - 29070 (MHNG) .</p><p>Literature. Type – Forel (1911). Eguchi (2001) [designation of lectotype, paralectotypes].</p><p>Localities. Mandai Road</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. While no detailed habitat information was available for the type series, more recently-collected material were mainly from old or mature native-dominated secondary forests.</p><p>Remarks. Type locality in Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833109FFF9FD4B781CFB2DFB57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833109FFF9FD4B7EFCFC76F9B7.text	03B687833109FFF9FD4B7EFCFC76F9B7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pheidole rinae Emery 1900	<div><p>Pheidole rinae Emery, 1900</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916); Overbeck (1924).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Road</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Individuals of this species were found in a garden, some on fallen Jambu ( Syzygium samarangense) fruits on the ground.</p><p>Remarks. At the time of writing, this species is only known from Singapore based on past literature records.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833109FFF9FD4B7EFCFC76F9B7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833108FFF8FF0F7A9CFD1AFDD7.text	03B687833108FFF8FF0F7A9CFD1AFDD7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pheidole rufigera Eguchi 2001	<div><p>Pheidole rufigera Eguchi, 2001</p><p>Material examined. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.76235&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.34304" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.76235/lat 1.34304)">Bukit Batok East Avenue</a> 6, 1.34304, 103.76235, 27-29 Sep 2016, G.W. Yong leg., pitfall trap, BB9GPc472, ZRC _ HYM_0001788 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Bukit Batok</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Individuals of this species were collected from an abandoned plantation secondary forest fragment in semi-urban settings.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833108FFF8FF0F7A9CFD1AFDD7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833108FFF8FF0F787CFEC8F8D7.text	03B687833108FFF8FF0F787CFEC8F8D7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pheidole sexspinosa Mayr 1870	<div><p>Pheidole sexspinosa Mayr, 1870</p><p>Material examined. Kranji mangroves, 9 May 1985, D.H. Murphy leg., DHM-SG85- Phei-ss 1, ZRC _ ENT00000768 ; Lim Chu Kang mangrove, 10 Mar 1987, D.H. Murphy leg., DHM-SG87- Phei-ss 1, ZRC _ ENT00000769 ; same locality as previous, 27 Feb 2002, BL1101 Helpers leg., ZRC _ ENT00007572; queen and workers, Mandai mangroves, 27 Oct 1977, D.H. Murphy leg., DHM-SG77- Phei-ss 2, ZRC _ ENT00000770 ; same locality and collector as previous, 18 Oct 1977, DHM-SG77- Phei-ss 3, ZRC _ ENT00000772; same locality and collector as previous, 2 Oct 1978, ZRC _ ENT00027931; queen and workers, same locality as previous, 8 May 2018, W. Wang leg., WW-SG18- Phei 4, ZRC _ ENT00007290; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.73058&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.4462" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.73058/lat 1.4462)">Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve</a>, 1.4462, 103.73058, 14 Mar 2018, W. Wang leg., WW-SG18- Phei 3, ZRC _ ENT00000908-909 ; same locality as previous, 1.4472, 103.72537, 20 Dec 2018, W. Wang &amp; M.S. Foo leg., WW-SG18- Phei 5, ZRC _ ENT00007644 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Wang et al. (2018b).</p><p>Localities. Kranji mangroves; Lim Chu Kang mangrove; Mandai mangroves; Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species is associated exclusively with mangrove habitats in Singapore. Nests can be found in abandoned Thalassina (a.k.a mud lobsters) mounds — sometimes shared with other invertebrates including the mangrove trap-jaw ant Odontomachus litoralis, cable roots of mangrove trees such as Excoecaria agallocha L., or in decayed or living stems of Rhizophora above tide inundation levels.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833108FFF8FF0F787CFEC8F8D7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833108FFF8FD737A9CFB3DF997.text	03B687833108FFF8FD737A9CFB3DF997.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pheidole singaporensis Ozdikmen 2010	<div><p>Pheidole singaporensis Özdikmen, 2010</p><p>Material examined. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.79839&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.41258" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.79839/lat 1.41258)">Bukit Timah Nature Reserve</a>, 15 Aug 2011, J. Koh leg., Winkler extraction, ZRC _ ENT00000893; same locality as previous, 2011, M.S. Foo leg., ZRC _ ENT00007794-7796; same locality as previous, 1.35386, 103.77988, 4 Jan 2017, W. Wang leg., WW-SG17-002, ZRC _ HYM_0000565; same locality as previous, 28 Mar, collection year unknown, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _HYM_0000740; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.79839&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.41258" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.79839/lat 1.41258)">Lower Peirce Reservoir</a>, Aug 1990, collectors unknown, ZRC _ENT (multiple); same locality as previous, 7 May 2017, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _ ENT00048417; Mandai Road, 1.41258, 103.79839, ZRC _HYM_0001538-1543; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.79839&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.41258" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.79839/lat 1.41258)">Mandai Lake Road</a>, 5 Nov 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _ ENT00048425; Upper Peirce Reservoir, 10 Jan 2014, Sk. Yamane leg., SG14- SKY-48, ZRC _HYM_0000367 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Types – CASENT0901398, ANTC20921 (OUMNH); CASENT0901505, ANTC21025 (BMNH) [as syntypes of Myrmica longipes] .</p><p>Literature. Type – Smith (1857) [as Myrmica longipes]. Eguchi (1999, 2001, 2003), Tan &amp; Corlett (2012) [all as Pheidole longipes].</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; Lower and Upper Peirce Reservoir; Mandai Lake Road; Mandai Road.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species is associated mostly with primary and old/mature secondary forests in Singapore, including native-dominated secondary forests. Nests were frequently found under fallen logs, or in soil at bases of living trees or dead tree stumps. Individual workers were often found foraging in leaf litter. The ants are often found at high densities or abundances in and around nesting sites.</p><p>Remarks. Type locality in Singapore. Previously known as ‘ Pheidole longipes (Smith, 1857) ’, before being rendered the current replacement name by Özdikmen (2010) as the original name was a junior secondary homonym of ‘ Pheidole longipes (Latreille, 1802) ’.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833108FFF8FD737A9CFB3DF997	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783310BFFFBFF677A9CFD14FCB7.text	03B68783310BFFFBFF677A9CFD14FCB7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pheidole singaporensis subsp. conicollis (Emery 1900)	<div><p>Pheidole singaporensis conicollis (Emery, 1900)</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916), Overbeck (1924) [both as Pheidole (Ischnomyrmex) longipes var. conicicollis (sic)].</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Hill</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This subspecies was found in either primary or old secondary forest, in a rotten, half-decayed tree branch on the ground.</p><p>Remarks. The subspecies conicollis may be distinguished from P. singaporensis by a slightly wider head, and relatively shorter/less elongate occipital collar or ‘neck’; other more subtle differences include relatively shorter propodeal spines and a weakly pointed petiolar apex (as opposed to an almost flat apicodorsal petiolar face in P. singaporensis) At the time of writing, this subspecies is known from Singapore only based on literature records.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783310BFFFBFF677A9CFD14FCB7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783310BFFFBFF67795CFE02FA37.text	03B68783310BFFFBFF67795CFE02FA37.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pheidole singaporensis subsp. continentis (Forel 1911)	<div><p>Pheidole singaporensis continentis (Forel, 1911)</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916), Overbeck (1924) [both as Pheidole (Ischnomyrmex) longipes var. continentis].</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Hill</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This subspecies was found in either primary or old secondary forest, in a rotten tree branch on the ground.</p><p>Remarks. Said to be of intermediate form between P. singaporensis and its other subspecies conicollis in Forel’s (1911) original description, the subspecies continentis is in general smaller and lighter-coloured than P. singaporensis . At the time of writing, this subspecies is known from Singapore only based on literature records.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783310BFFFBFF67795CFE02FA37	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783310BFFFBFF677FDCFB66FDD7.text	03B68783310BFFFBFF677FDCFB66FDD7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pheidole tandjongensis Forel 1913	<div><p>Pheidole tandjongensis Forel, 1913</p><p>Material examined. Mandai Road, 1.41155, 103.79015, 21-23 Nov 2016, G.W. Yong leg., pitfall trap, M2D2GPd1957, ZRC _ HYM_0001785.2; same locality and collector as previous, 19 Dec 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _HYM_0001033; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.79839&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.38311" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.79839/lat 1.38311)">Upper Thomson Nature Park</a>, 1.38311, 103.79839, 17-19 Oct 2016, G.W. Yong leg., pitfall trap, UT5G- Pd 1634, ZRC _HYM_0001785 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Mandai Road; Upper Thomson Nature Park.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was found in both old/mature and young secondary forests in Singapore. Specimens have been collected using pitfall traps from native-dominated and abandoned plantation secondary forests.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783310BFFFBFF677FDCFB66FDD7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783310BFFFBFD4B7843FC69FBB7.text	03B68783310BFFFBFD4B7843FC69FBB7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pheidole tjibodana Forel 1905	<div><p>Pheidole tjibodana Forel, 1905</p><p>Material examined. Mandai Road, 1.41119, 103.80513, 29 Nov-1 Dec 2016, G.W. Yong leg., pitfall trap, M3D6GPa890, ZRC _ HYM_0001784; same locality and collector as previous, 1.41258, 103.79839, 6-8 Dec 2016, G.W. Yong leg., pitfall trap, M1D6G- Pa 2312, ZRC _HYM_0001784.2 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Mandai Road</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was found in old/ mature native-dominated secondary forest in Singapore. Individuals were observed in or under leaf litter.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783310BFFFBFD4B7843FC69FBB7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783310BFFFAFD4B7EA3FE37FCB7.text	03B68783310BFFFAFD4B7EA3FE37FCB7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pheidole umbonata Mayr 1870	<div><p>Pheidole umbonata Mayr, 1870</p><p>Material examined. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.75994&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.2056111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.75994/lat 1.2056111)">Pulau Semakau Old Fragment</a>, SMO2, 1°12'20.2"N, 103°45'35.8"E, 16-23 Aug 2012, J. Puniamoorthy et al. leg., malaise trap, Reg. 29421, ZRC _ BDP0016529 ; same locality and collectors as previous, SMO3, 1°12’23.9”N, 103°45’37.6”E, 11-18 Oct 2012, malaise trap, Reg. 29526, ZRC _ BDP0014518; Pulau Ubin, PU 3, 1-8 Sep 2012, J. Puniamoorthy et al. leg., malaise trap, Reg. 29451, ZRC _ BDP0016449; Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve, SB 1, 1°26’46.3”N, 103°43’49.9”E, 17-24 Oct 2012, J. Puniamoorthy et al. leg., malaise trap, Reg. 29530, ZRC _ BDP0017348; same locality and collectors as previous, 8-15 Aug 2012, malaise trap, Reg. 29400, ZRC _ BDP0017287; same locality and collectors as previous, 24-31 Oct 2012, malaise trap, Reg. 29543, ZRC _ BDP0017276 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Pulau Semakau; Pulau Ubin; Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Male alates were collected from mangroves in Singapore.</p><p>Remarks. Specimens available for examination were all winged males collected using malaise traps, thus were not taxonomically verifiable by morphology, which requires other castes especially major workers. The males from the ZRC were identified to P. umbonata solely based on COI barcodes (313 bp), which were matched against sequences of known species on GenBank using BLAST. We cannot completely rule out the possibility of misidentification of source organisms to gene sequences on GenBank. This record will need to be revised should more material be made available in future to disprove this tentative COI-based species diagnosis.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783310BFFFAFD4B7EA3FE37FCB7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783310AFFFAFF0F79A3FDB3FB17.text	03B68783310AFFFAFF0F79A3FDB3FB17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pristomyrmex bicolor Emery 1900	<div><p>Pristomyrmex bicolor Emery, 1900</p><p>Material examined. Nee Soon Swamp Forest, 17 Dec 1987, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _ ENT00000913 ; same locality and collector as previous, near Nageia track, 26 Oct 1995, ZRC _ ENT00007573 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Nee Soon Swamp Forest</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Found in swamp forest, in one instance on a fallen tree trunk.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783310AFFFAFF0F79A3FDB3FB17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783310AFFFAFF0F7F03FC70FCB7.text	03B68783310AFFFAFF0F7F03FC70FCB7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pristomyrmex brevispinosus Emery 1887	<div><p>Pristomyrmex brevispinosus Emery, 1887</p><p>Material examined. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.78161&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.35127" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.78161/lat 1.35127)">Bukit Timah Nature Reserve</a>, 1.35127, 103.78161, 28 Jun 2017, W. Wang leg., ZRC _HYM_0001733; Kent Ridge Park, YM site 2, 7 Dec 2017, W. Wang leg., ZRC _ ENT00027982; workers, alate queen and male, same locality and collection date as previous, F. Ito leg. (SKYC); Mandai Lake Road, 5 Nov 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _ ENT00048421 ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.79839&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.41258" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.79839/lat 1.41258)">Mandai Road</a>, 1.41258, 103.79839, 21-23 Nov 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _HYM_0001706-1707; same locality as previous, 1.41343, 103.79386, 21-23 Nov 2016, G.W. Yong et al. leg., M1D16TPc1996, ZRC _ ENT00047917; Pulau Ubin, 4 Dec 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _ ENT00027981 ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.79839&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.38311" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.79839/lat 1.38311)">Upper Thomson Nature Park</a>, 1.38311, 103.79839, 19 Oct 2016, G.W. Yong leg., UT2GH1620, ZRC _HYM_0001705.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; Kent Ridge Park; Mandai Lake Road; Mandai Road; Pulau Ubin; Upper Thomson Nature Park .</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was mainly found in disturbed secondary forests across a range of ages (young – old), including abandoned plantation and native-dominated secondary forests. Individuals were typically collected from soil and root substrate matrices at bases of trees, rotting fallen tree trunks, and sometimes on tree trunks.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783310AFFFAFF0F7F03FC70FCB7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783310AFFC5FD7379A3FE0CFE17.text	03B68783310AFFC5FD7379A3FE0CFE17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pristomyrmex costatus Wang 2003	<div><p>Pristomyrmex costatus Wang, 2003</p><p>Material examined. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.77702&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.40144" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.77702/lat 1.40144)">Mandai</a>, 1.40144, 103.77702, 7 Apr 2016, M.K.L. Wong leg., Winkler extraction, ZRC _ ENT00000696 ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.7787&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.29239" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.7787/lat 1.29239)">Prince George’s Park Residences</a> (NUS), 1.29239, 103.7787, 3 May 2017, W. Wang leg., ZRC _ HYM_0001171; same locality as previous, 6 Dec 2017, Sk. Yamane leg. (SKYC); Seletar Reservoir, 16 May 1994, collector unknown, NS 134B, ZRC _ ENT00000266 ; Upper Thomson Road, 2 Oct 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _ HYM_0001046; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.70185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.40866" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.70185/lat 1.40866)">Western Catchment</a>, 1.40866, 103.70185, 20 Nov 2015, M.K.L. Wong leg., ZRC _ ENT00000695 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. In Wang (2003) but specimen repositories not specified – Nee Soon Swamp forest, R.W. Taylor leg., collection date unavailable; Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, D.H. Murphy leg., collection date unavailable.</p><p>Literature. Wang (2003).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; Mandai; Nee Soon Swamp Forest; Prince George’s Park Residences (NUS); Seletar Reservoir; Upper Thomson Road; Western Catchment.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species is associated mostly with old/mature secondary forests in Singapore, including native-dominated forest and swamp forest. It was sometimes also found in young abandoned plantation secondary forest fragments. Levels of disturbance vary widely between forest sites. Individuals of this species were usually found in leaf litter, sometimes on tree branches. Nests were collected from rotten logs.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783310AFFC5FD7379A3FE0CFE17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833135FFC5FF677803FEB0FC98.text	03B687833135FFC5FF677803FEB0FC98.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pristomyrmex picteti Emery 1893	<div><p>Pristomyrmex picteti Emery, 1893</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. In Wang (2003) but specimen repositories not specified – locality and collection date unavailable, Baker coll.</p><p>Literature. Wang (2003).</p><p>Localities. Unknown.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Unknown in the Singapore context.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833135FFC5FF677803FEB0FC98	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833135FFC5FF677983FE9CF937.text	03B687833135FFC5FF677983FE9CF937.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pristomyrmex punctatus (Smith 1860)	<div><p>Pristomyrmex punctatus (Smith, 1860)</p><p>Material examined. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.76235&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.34304" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.76235/lat 1.34304)">Bukit Batok East Avenue</a> 6, 1.34304, 103.76235, 1 Sep 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _HM_0001704; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.76316&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.34218" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.76316/lat 1.34218)">Bukit Batok East</a>, 1.34218, 103.76316, Aug-Sep 2016, G.W. Yong et al. leg., ZRC _ ENT00047915-47916 ; Upper Thomson Road, 2 Oct 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _ ENT00000981 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. In Wang (2003) but specimen repositories not specified – locality and collection date unavailable, H. Overbeck coll.</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916), Overbeck (1924) [both as ‘ Prystomyrmex (sic) pungens]. Wang (2003).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Batok East; Bukit Timah Road; Upper Thomson Road.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species is associated mostly with young secondary forests in Singapore, including abandoned plantation secondary forest, and has also been found in gardens. These ants are known to frequently occur in open and disturbed habitats, and were usually found nesting in soil, leaf litter, or rotting wood.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833135FFC5FF677983FE9CF937	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833135FFC5FD4B7AE3FB4DF957.text	03B687833135FFC5FD4B7AE3FB4DF957.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Proatta butteli Forel 1912	<div><p>Proatta butteli Forel, 1912</p><p>Material examined. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.79839&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.38311" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.79839/lat 1.38311)">Bukit Timah Nature Reserve</a>, 8 Dec 1995, H.K. Lua et al. leg., NS 208A, ZRC _ ENT00000362; same locality as previous, 6 Jul 2015, J. Koh leg., ZRC _ ENT00000890; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.79839&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.38311" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.79839/lat 1.38311)">Lower Peirce Reservoir Road</a>, 28 Jul 1990, H.K. Lua leg., LHK 108, ZRC _ ENT00000403; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.79839&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.38311" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.79839/lat 1.38311)">MacRitchie Reservoir</a>, 9 Jan 2014, Sk. Yamane leg., ZRC _ HYM_0000425-426; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.79839&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.38311" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.79839/lat 1.38311)">Mandai Road</a>, 1.41258, 103.79839, 16-18 Nov 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _HYM_0001629-1632; Nee Soon forest, 16 Aug 2017, W. Wang leg., ZRC _ ENT00047966; male, Prince George’s Park Residences (NUS), 1.29239, 103.77869, 29 Apr-6 May 2015, M.S. Foo &amp; W. Wang leg., malaise trap, NUS0021, ZRC _ BDP0041414; Pulau Ubin, 1.40822, 103.97051, 15 Oct 2016, G.W. Yong et al. leg., ZRC _HYM_0001074; same locality as previous, 1.41662, 103.99443, 4 Dec 2016, G.W. Yong &amp; M.K.L. Wong leg., ZRC _HYM_0001075; Seletar Reservoir Park, 17 Mar 1998, C.M. Yang leg., ZRC _HYM_0000267; Upper Thomson Nature Park, 1.38311, 103.79839, Sep-Oct 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _HYM_0001626-1628 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Non-types, CASENT0178527, ANTC8736 (MCZ); Harbourfront, Marang Trail, 4 Aug 2014, vial #472 (JKWC) .</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916); Overbeck (1924); Weber (1958); Moffett (1986); Wheeler &amp; Wheeler (1986); Tan &amp; Corlett (2012).</p><p>Localities. Singapore Botanic Gardens; Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; Bukit Timah Road; Harbourfront; Lower Peirce Reservoir Road; MacRitchie Reservoir; Mandai Road; Nee Soon; Prince George’s Park Residence (NUS); Pulau Ubin; Seletar Reservoir Park; Upper Thomson Nature Park.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was found mainly in old/mature or young secondary forests in Singapore, including abandoned plantation and native-dominated secondary forests, and sometimes in semi-urban parklands or gardens. These ants were collected from bamboo shoots, soil, leaf litter, even decaying logs.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833135FFC5FD4B7AE3FB4DF957	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833134FFC4FF0F7A9CFEDBFC37.text	03B687833134FFC4FF0F7A9CFEDBFC37.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhopalomastix glabricephala Wang, Yong & Jaitrong 2018	<div><p>Rhopalomastix glabricephala Wang, Yong &amp; Jaitrong, 2018</p><p>Material examined. Holotype – <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.7982&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.41379" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.7982/lat 1.41379)">Mandai Road</a>, 1.41379, 103.7982, 16 Nov 2016, G.W. Yong &amp; K.H. Pwa leg., GY-SG16-RhoE, ZRC _ ENT00000873; paratypes – same collection data as holotype, ZRC _ HYM_0000508.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Type – Wang et al. (2018c).</p><p>Localities. Mandai Road [type]</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. The type series was found in mature native-dominated secondary forest, where the ants were nesting in bark of a Tembusu tree. As with other congeners, this species lives in apparent mutualistic association with scale insects ( Diaspididae). The ants consume the waxy protein-rich cuticular secretions of the diaspidids, in exchange the latter gets protection from external elements or enemies.</p><p>Remarks. Type locality in Singapore. At the time of writing, this species is known from Singapore only by the type series collected from a single locality.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833134FFC4FF0F7A9CFEDBFC37	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833134FFC4FF0F79DCFDF7F977.text	03B687833134FFC4FF0F79DCFDF7F977.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhopalomastix javana Wheeler 1929	<div><p>Rhopalomastix javana Wheeler, 1929</p><p>Material examined. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.78334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.40931" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.78334/lat 1.40931)">Bukit Timah Nature Reserve</a>, 1.35449, 103.78211, 21 Jun 2017, C. Peeters leg., WW-SG17-015, ZRC _HYM_0001732; Mandai forest, 1.40931, 103.78334, 13 Nov 2018, W. Wang leg., WW-SG18- Rho 3, ZRC _ ENT00007584; Mandai Track, 4 Jan 2017, G.W. Yong leg., GY-SG17-RhoN, ZRC _ HYM_0000576 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Wang et al. (2018c); Wang et al. (2021).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; Mandai forest; Mandai Track.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Found mostly in old or mature secondary forests in Singapore, including native-dominated secondary forest. The ants were found nesting in bark of large dipterocarp trees, such as Campnosperma auriculatum (locally-known as ‘ Terentang ’).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833134FFC4FF0F79DCFDF7F977	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833134FFC7FD737A9CFE7EFA17.text	03B687833134FFC7FD737A9CFE7EFA17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhopalomastix johorensis Wheeler 1929	<div><p>Rhopalomastix johorensis Wheeler, 1929</p><p>Material examined. Syntypes of ‘ R. rothneyi subsp. johorensis ’ – no specific locality given, MCZ-ENT00023066 (MCZ). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.78161&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.35127" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.78161/lat 1.35127)">Non-types – Bukit Timah Nature Reserve</a>, 1.35127, 103.78161, 1 Nov 2017, W. Wang leg., WW-SG17-022, ZRC _HYM_0001794; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.88838&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.34769" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.88838/lat 1.34769)">Hougang Avenue</a> 3, 1.34769, 103.88838, 12 Dec 2016, G.W. Yong &amp; S.X. Chui leg., GY-SG16- RhoL, ZRC _HYM_0000511; male, I-cube building (NUS), 1.293472, 103.77633, 24 Mar-1 Apr 2015, M.S. Foo &amp; W. Wang leg., malaise trap, NUS0002, ZRC _ BDP0044708; Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum (NUS), side yard, 24 Aug 2018, G.W. Yong leg., WW-SG18- Rho 1, ZRC _ ENT00007463; queens and workers, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.79831&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.41445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.79831/lat 1.41445)">Mandai Road</a>, 1.41445, 103.79831, 4 Oct 2018, G.W. Yong &amp; W. Wang leg., WW-SG18-RhoMA, ZRC _ ENT00007519 ; males and workers, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.79839&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.41333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.79839/lat 1.41333)">Mandai Road</a>, 1.41333, 103.79839, 18 Nov 2016, G.W. Yong &amp; S.X. Chui leg., GY-SG16-RhoF, ZRC _HYM_0000289; queen and workers, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.79405&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.41318" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.79405/lat 1.41318)">Mandai Road</a>, 1.41318, 103.79405, 21 Nov 2016, G.W. Yong and S.X. Chui leg., GY-SG16-RhoH, ZRC _HYM_0000291; same locality as previous, 13 Jan 2017, G.W. Yong leg., GY-SG17-RhoO, ZRC _HYM_0000577; queens and workers, Mandai forest, near Zoo, 15 Jan 2020, W. Wang leg., WW-SG20-005 – 006, ZRC _ ENT00027891-27892 ; Nee Soon Swamp Forest, 24 Sep 2019, W. Wang leg., WW-SG19-005, ZRC _ ENT00013876 ; queen and workers, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.83774&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.23081" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.83774/lat 1.23081)">Pulau Tekukor</a>, 1.23081, 103.83774, 15 Jan 2017, G.W. Yong leg., GY-SG17-RhoP, ZRC _HYM_0000578; male, Pulau Ubin, PU 1, 1°24’36.3”N, 103°59’25.5”E, 1-8 Sep 2012, J. Puniamoorthy et al. leg., mangroves, malaise trap, Reg. 29449, ZRC _ BDP0014267; male, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.760445&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.2066389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.760445/lat 1.2066389)">Pulau Semakau Old Fragment</a>, SMO3, 1°12’23.9”N, 103°45’37.6”E, 17-25 Oct 2012, J. Puniamoorthy et al. leg., mangroves, malaise trap, Reg. 29539, ZRC _ BDP0014651 ; queens and workers, Upper Seletar Reservoir Park, 14 Feb 2018, G.W. Yong leg., GY-SG18- Rho 1, ZRC _ ENT00000897 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. CASENT0911229, ANTC33476 (MHNG) [headless worker].</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916), Overbeck (1924) [both as Rhopalomastix rothneyi Forel, 1900 – verified as R. rothneyi johorensis by Wheeler (1929)]. Wheeler (1929) [as R. rothneyi johorensis]. Wang et al. (2018c); Wang et al. (2021).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; Bukit Timah Road; Hougang; National University of Singapore campus (Clementi/Kent Ridge, multiple sites); Mandai Road; Mandai forest near Singapore Zoo; Nee Soon Swamp Forest; Pulau Tekukor; Pulau Semakau; Pulau Ubin; Upper Seletar Reservoir Park.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Rhopalomastix johorensis appears ubiquitious locally and could be found in a broad range of different habitat types, including urban or semi-urban habitats (such as roadside vegetation), parks and gardens, old/mature and native-dominated secondary forests, and swamp forests. The ants nest in bark of various trees, both native species such as: Aquilaria malaccensis, Artocarpus integer (cempedak), Campnosperma auriculatum, Macaranga gigantea, Horsfieldia sparsa, and also introduced tree species such as Mangifera indica (mango). Nests have also been found in dead ends of twigs of cultivated mangosteen trees, and in bark of durian trees. Multiple nests (one nest per tree) can occur at relatively high densities per site where the species occurs — these are probably independent colonies and not satellites of a larger super-colony. The species appears tolerant to high levels of habitat disturbance. Males were collected from malaise traps set up in mangroves.</p><p>Remarks. Type locality in Singapore. As with many congeners, this species is known to exhibit very broad intranidal, generally isometric size variation.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833134FFC7FD737A9CFE7EFA17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833137FFC7FD4B7A9CFB2DF977.text	03B687833137FFC7FD4B7A9CFB2DF977.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhopalomastix murphyi Wang, Yong & Jaitrong 2018	<div><p>Rhopalomastix murphyi Wang, Yong &amp; Jaitrong, 2018</p><p>Material examined. Holotype – <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.79845&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.4144" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.79845/lat 1.4144)">Upper Thomson Nature Park</a>, 1.38653, 103.81938, 24 Oct 2016, G.W. Yong &amp; S.X. Chui leg., durian tree, GY-SG16-RhoA, ZRC _ ENT00000874; paratype males, queens and workers, same collection data as holotype, ZRC _ HYM_0000287. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.79845&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.4144" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.79845/lat 1.4144)">Non-types</a> – queens and workers, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.79845&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.4144" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.79845/lat 1.4144)">Bukit Timah Nature Reserve</a>, 2 Jan 1981, D.H. Murphy leg., DHM-SG81- <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.79845&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.4144" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.79845/lat 1.4144)">Rho</a> 1, ZRC _HYM_0000009; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.79845&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.4144" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.79845/lat 1.4144)">Mandai Lake Road</a>, 1.40915, 103.78234, 3 Nov 2016, G.W. Yong &amp; C. Peeters leg., GY-SG16-RhoD, ZRC _HYM_0000507; males and workers, Mandai Road, 1.4144, 103.79845, 4 Oct 2018, G.W.Yong &amp; W. Wang leg., WW-SG18- Rho 2, ZRC _ ENT00007518; Upper Thomson Road, 29 Oct 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _HYM_0001008-1014.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Type – Wang et al. (2018c). Yong et al. (2019).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; Mandai Lake Road; Mandai Road; Upper Thomson Nature Park [type]; Upper Thomson Road .</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This minute, yellowish-brown species was found mostly in old/mature or young secondary forests, including abandoned plantation forest. Colonies could be found nesting in bark of live durian trees or other large dipterocarps, e.g. Myristicaceae, where nests were often observed to be rather extensive, sprawled across an indeterminate expanse of the host tree trunk. Colonies were observed to be polygynous, i.e., each colony houses multiple queens. The ants also live with diaspidid scale insects in their nests, with which they share a seeming obligate relationship. The diaspidids allow the ants to consume their waxy outer scale secretions in exchange for apparent protection from predators. Silk spinning behaviour has been documented in this species (Yong et al. 2019), where the ants produce silk from head glands in order to secure nest tunnels.</p><p>Remarks. Type locality in Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833137FFC7FD4B7A9CFB2DF977	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833136FFC6FF0F7A9CFD91FA37.text	03B687833136FFC6FF0F7A9CFD91FA37.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhopalomastix striata Wang, Yong & Jaitrong 2018	<div><p>Rhopalomastix striata Wang, Yong &amp; Jaitrong, 2018</p><p>Material examined. Holotype – <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.802&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.40824" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.802/lat 1.40824)">Mandai Road</a>, 1.4144, 103.79845, 18 Nov 2016, G.W. Yong &amp; S.X. Chui leg., GY-SG16-RhoG, ZRC _ ENT00000876; paratype males and workers, same collection data as holotype, ZRC _ HYM_0000290. Non-types – queens and workers, Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, BT 05, 1.35386, 103.77988, 30 Aug 2017, W. Wang leg., WW-SG17- <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.802&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.40824" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.802/lat 1.40824)">Rho</a> 1, ZRC _HYM_0001752; queen and workers, same locality as previous, BT03, 1.34904, 103.77892, 27 Sep 2017, W. Wang leg., WW-SG17-021, ZRC _HYM_0001793; same locality as previous, BT02, 1.35599, 103.77397, 12 Jul 2017, W. Wang leg., WW-SG17-RhoR, ZRC _ ENT00027915; queens and workers, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.802&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.40824" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.802/lat 1.40824)">Mandai forest</a>, near Singapore Zoo, 15 Jan 2020, W. Wang leg., WW-SG20-004, ZRC _ ENT00027890; Mandai Road, 1.40824, 103.802, 21 Dec 2016, G.W. Yong leg., GY-SG16-RhoM, ZRC _HYM_0000512; queen and workers, Rifle Range Road, 6 Dec 2017, W. Wang leg., WW-SG17-046, ZRC _ ENT00027893.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Type – Wang et al. (2018c).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; Mandai forest; Mandai Road [type]; Rifle Range Road.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species is associated mostly with primary and old/mature secondary forests in Singapore. Nests were found in bark of various large native dipterocarp trees, e.g. Endospermum diadenum, Prunus sp., and Shorea curtisii . In one instance, the ants were found nesting in bark of large buttress root near tree base.</p><p>Remarks. Type locality in Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833136FFC6FF0F7A9CFD91FA37	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833136FFC6FF0F7FDCFBC5FCB7.text	03B687833136FFC6FF0F7FDCFBC5FCB7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhopalomastix tenebra Wang, Yong & Jaitrong 2018	<div><p>Rhopalomastix tenebra Wang, Yong &amp; Jaitrong, 2018</p><p>Material examined. Holotype – <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.78326&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.40843" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.78326/lat 1.40843)">Upper Thomson Nature Park</a>, 1.38653, 103.81938, 24 Oct 2016, G.W. Yong &amp; S.X. Chui leg., durian tree, GY-SG16-RhoB, ZRC _ ENT00000877; paratype male, queens and workers, same collection data as holotype, ZRC _ HYM_0000288. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.78326&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.40843" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.78326/lat 1.40843)">Non-types – Bukit Timah Nature Reserve</a>, 9 Mar 1983, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _HYM_0000686; Mandai forest, 1.40843, 103.78326, 13 Nov 2018, W. Wang leg., WW-SG18- Rho 4, ZRC _ ENT00007585; Namly Avenue, 28 Apr 1985, D.H. Murphy leg., DHM-85- Rho 1, ZRC _ ENT00000885; Upper Thomson Road, 11 Oct 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _HYM_0001015-1022.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Type – Wang et al. (2018c).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; Mandai forest; Namly Avenue; Upper Thomson Nature Park [type]; Upper Thomson Road .</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was found mainly in old/mature and young secondary forests in Singapore, including abandoned plantation forest. Nests were found in bark of large dipterocarp trees such as durian.</p><p>Remarks. Type locality in Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833136FFC6FF0F7FDCFBC5FCB7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833136FFC6FD7379A2FC6AFB17.text	03B687833136FFC6FD7379A2FC6AFB17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rostromyrmex pasohensis Rosciszewski 1994	<div><p>Rostromyrmex pasohensis Rosciszewski, 1994</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. CASENT0106221 – 106221-D01, PSW09576-15 (UCDC).</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Individuals were usually found in sifted forest litter (comprising leaf mold and rotten wood) from primary or old/mature secondary forests.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833136FFC6FD7379A2FC6AFB17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833136FFC1FD737F02FDD1FDF7.text	03B687833136FFC1FD737F02FDD1FDF7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rotastruma recava Bolton 1991	<div><p>Rotastruma recava Bolton, 1991</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Paratypes – 3 workers, CASENT0178523, ANTC8732 (MCZ); 4 queens and 17 workers [BMNH, MHNG – according to Bolton (1991)]. Non-types – CASENT0010807 – 10808, PSW10254 (UCDC); 2 queens and 1 male, CASENT0010926 – 10928, PSW10254 (UCDC); CASENT0102499, ANTC4706 (MHNG); CASENT0106250 – 106250 - D01 / D11, PSW09601 (UCDC) .</p><p>Literature. Paratype – Bolton (1991) .</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah [type]; Peirce Reservoir.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species is associated with primary and old/mature secondary rainforest. Apparently arboreal, these ants were found in dead twigs, vines, or dead twigs of vines. Sometimes, individuals were collected from surfaces of tree trunks and/or branches.</p><p>Remarks. The secondary type locality for this species is in Singapore, where paratypes were collected. The holotype specimen was collected in Mulu National Park in Sarawak (Malaysia), the primary type locality.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833136FFC1FD737F02FDD1FDF7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833131FFC1FF67781CFE58F958.text	03B687833131FFC1FF67781CFE58F958.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Solenopsis geminata (Fabricius 1804)	<div><p>Solenopsis geminata (Fabricius, 1804)</p><p>Material examined. Kranji mangroves, 24 Sep 1964, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _ ENT00047993; Lim Chu Kang, Oct 1969, D.H. Murphy leg., DHM-SG69-Sol1, ZRC _ ENT00047992; University campus, 17 Dec 1980, D.H. Murphy leg., DHM-SG80-Sol1, ZRC _ ENT00047994; Phillip Street, 24 Jun 2011, ex. sugar container, R. Lohman leg. (SKYC) .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Mayr (1897).</p><p>Localities. Kranji; Lim Chu Kang; Phillip Street; University campus (Bukit Timah).</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was found in a range of habitat types, including disturbed secondary forest fragments in semi-urban settings, mangrove back forests, and even in cultivated farmland – where the ants were foraging on Solanum melongena L. (eggplant). Ant trails were also observed in close proximity to Termes rostratus mounds in disturbed forest patches.</p><p>Remarks. Commonly known as the ‘tropical fire ant’, S. geminata is a cosmopolitan pest species believed to have originated from the Neotropics and spread to much of the Old World, mainly tropical Asia and Oceania, via human commerce (Wetterer 2011, 2015). Its notoriety as a worldwide invasive has in recent times been somewhat downplayed in contrast to the growing infamy of the closely-related congener S. invicta – the ‘imported fire ant’. The latter species continues to be the dominant focus of most pest invasions research and press reports till present.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833131FFC1FF67781CFE58F958	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833131FFC1FD4B7A9CFB2DFAF7.text	03B687833131FFC1FD4B7A9CFB2DFAF7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Solenopsis overbecki Viehmeyer 1916	<div><p>Solenopsis overbecki Viehmeyer, 1916</p><p>Material examined. Mandai forest, 7 Jun 2018, W. Wang leg., WW-SG18-001, ZRC _ ENT00027959 ; same locality and collector as previous, 7 Jun 2018, W. Wang leg., WW-SG18-003, ZRC _ ENT00047997; Nee Soon forest, 26 Apr 2018, W. Wang leg., WW-SG18-007, ZRC _ ENT00047962 ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.9772&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.4132" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.9772/lat 1.4132)">Pulau Ubin</a>, 1.41320, 103.97720, 17 Nov 2021, W.N. Lam leg., ZRC _ ENT00057811 ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.8245&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.35229" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.8245/lat 1.35229)">Upper Peirce Reservoir Park</a>, 1.35229, 103.82450, 21 Oct 2021, same collector as previous, ZRC _ ENT00057812 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Types – CASENT0908878, ANTC31310 (MHNG); 3 queens and 3 workers, FOCOL1870 – 1875 (ZMHB) .</p><p>Literature. Type – Viehmeyer (1916); Overbeck (1924).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Road [type]; Mandai; Nee Soon forest; Pulau Ubin; Upper Peirce Reservoir .</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. The type series was collected from a garden, where the colony was found in the narrow passages within a broken branch piece on the ground. The type colony is described to be polygynous with multiple dealate queens. In more recent times, the species was also found in old or mature secondary forests, either in leaf litter, or nesting inside root cavities embedded in soil mounds next to termite nests. In one instance, the ants were also found nesting in bark of Rhodamnia cinera .</p><p>Remarks. Type locality in Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833131FFC1FD4B7A9CFB2DFAF7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833131FFC0FD4B7F63FDD8FDD8.text	03B687833131FFC0FD4B7F63FDD8FDD8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Strumigenys chapmani Brown 1954	<div><p>Strumigenys chapmani Brown, 1954</p><p>Material examined. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, 8 Mar 2017, W. Wang leg., WW-SG17-032, ZRC _ ENT00001000 ; queens and workers, same locality and collector as previous, 22 Feb 2017, WW-SG17-033, ZRC _ ENT00007240; males and workers, same locality and collector as previous, 22 Feb 2017, WW-SG17-034, ZRC _ ENT00007241; same locality and collector as previous, 1.35435, 103.78225, 14 Dec 2016, WW-SG16-002, ZRC _HYM_0000281 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species is associated with old/mature secondary forests in Singapore. Nests were observed to occur at rather high density (separated only by a few metres from each other) within a limited area of forest, though these could possibly be merely satellite colonies. The ants were usually found nesting in soil-roots-substrate matrices on bark/trunk surfaces near bases of trees.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833131FFC0FD4B7F63FDD8FDD8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833130FFC0FF0F7843FE76F957.text	03B687833130FFC0FF0F7843FE76F957.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Strumigenys eggersi Emery 1890	<div><p>Strumigenys eggersi Emery, 1890</p><p>Material examined. Queens and workers, Prince George’s Park Residences (NUS), 1.292389, 103.77869, 5 Apr 2017, W. Wang leg., ZRC _ HYM_0000608; alate queens, same locality as previous, May-Jun 2015, M.S. Foo &amp; W. Wang leg., malaise trap, ZRC _BDP (multiple); queens and workers, Pulau Ubin, 22 Oct 2016, W. Wang leg., leaf litter, Winkler extraction, ZRC _ ENT00007274; Sunset Way, 1.32608, 103.77187, 21-23 Sep 2016, G.W. Yong leg., pitfall trap, SW1GPb238, ZRC _ HYM_0001636 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Non-types, J.K. Wetterer leg. (USNM) – East Coast Park (Katong part), 1 Aug 2014, vial #442; Marine Parade, 1 Aug 2014, vial #435 .</p><p>Literature. Wang &amp; Yamane (2017).</p><p>Localities. Prince George’s Park Residences (NUS); Pulau Ubin; Sunset Way.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was found in disturbed mature or young secondary forest fragments in semi-urban settings, including abandoned plantation secondary forest. Workers and queens were collected mainly from leaf litter or ground debris; multiple alate queens were also collected via malaise traps.</p><p>Remarks. An introduced species native to the Neotropical region, S. eggersi has been reported to be an unusually resilient species tolerant of relatively dry environments, and adaptable to a broad range of habitats including highly disturbed forests (Deyrup 1997; Wang &amp; Yamane 2017).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833130FFC0FF0F7843FE76F957	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833130FFC0FD737AE3FB6FF9D7.text	03B687833130FFC0FD737AE3FB6FF9D7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Strumigenys emmae (Emery 1890)	<div><p>Strumigenys emmae (Emery, 1890)</p><p>Material examined. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.77633&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.293472" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.77633/lat 1.293472)">Queens</a> and males, I-cube building (NUS), 1.293472, 103.77633, Jun- Sep 2015, M.S. Foo &amp; W. Wang leg., malaise trap, ZRC _BDP (multiple); alate queen, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.75413&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.42638" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.75413/lat 1.42638)">Kranji Road</a>, 1.42638, 103.75413, 8-10 Nov 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _HYM_0001637; Labrador beach, collection date unknown, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _HYM_0000780; Pulau Ubin, 7 Jan 2014, Sk. Yamane leg., ZRC _ ENT00000970 ; male, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.77458&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.30622" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.77458/lat 1.30622)">University Town</a> (NUS), 1.30622, 103.77458, 29 Jul – 5 Aug 2015, M.S. Foo &amp; W. Wang leg., malaise trap, ZRC _ BDP0042899 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Non-types, J.K. Wetterer leg. (USNM) – East Coast Park (Katong part), 1 Aug 2014, vial #442; Hougang, 30 Jul 2014, vial #402; Kranji, by MRT station, 2 Aug 2014, vial #452; Pasir Panjang, by MRT station, 5 Aug 2014, vial #483; Serangoon, 30 Jul 2014, vial #389.</p><p>Literature. Szabó (1909), Donisthorpe (1916), Bolton (2000) [all as Epitritus clypeatus].</p><p>Localities. I-cube building (NUS); Kranji Road; Labrador beach; Pulau Ubin; University Town (NUS).</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was found in a sandy beach, also disturbed secondary forest fragments or open grassy patches in semi-urban settings, including waste woodland forest. On one occasion, individuals were found on decayed wood. Multiple alates were collected from secondary and/or open habitats via malaise traps.</p><p>Remarks. A recognized and apparently successful pantropical tramp species, S. emmae is deemed to have originated from Australia (Bolton 2000) or Australasia (Wetterer 2015), and spread nearly worldwide by human commerce and natural dispersal. The species is known to frequently thrive in highly disturbed and anthropogenically-modified habitats such as beaches and gardens (Wetterer 2012b).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833130FFC0FD737AE3FB6FF9D7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833133FFC3FF677AE3FE88FDF8.text	03B687833133FFC3FF677AE3FE88FDF8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Strumigenys epyna Bolton 2000	<div><p>Strumigenys epyna Bolton, 2000</p><p>Material examined. Queens and workers, Mandai Road, 21 Dec 2016, G.W. Yong leg., GY-SG16- Strum 2, ZRC _ ENT00007266 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Mandai Road</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. A nest series was found in either mature or young secondary forest in Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833133FFC3FF677AE3FE88FDF8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833133FFC3FF677863FE2CFAB7.text	03B687833133FFC3FF677863FE2CFAB7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Strumigenys extemena (Taylor 1968)	<div><p>Strumigenys extemena (Taylor, 1968)</p><p>Material examined. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, 23 Aug 2017, W. Wang leg., ZRC _ ENT00007252 ; same locality and collector as previous, 13 Sep 2017, W. Wang leg., ZRC _ ENT00007253 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Holotype – ANIC32-001163, berl.no.B45 (Berlesate) (ANIC).</p><p>Literature. Type – Taylor (1968) [as Dysedrognathus extemenus]. Bolton (2000) [as Pyramica extemena].</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve [type]</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species is associated with primary and old/mature secondary forests in Singapore. The ants were usually found in soil at bases of trees.</p><p>Remarks. Type locality in Singapore. “Degraded coastal hill forest on granite” printed on the original type label is probably an inaccurate description of the actual forest types in Bukit Timah Nature Reserve (BTNR), based on known land use histories of BTNR and its surroundings.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833133FFC3FF677863FE2CFAB7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833133FFC3FF677FA3FC18FD17.text	03B687833133FFC3FF677FA3FC18FD17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Strumigenys godeffroyi Mayr 1866	<div><p>Strumigenys godeffroyi Mayr, 1866</p><p>Material examined. Kent Ridge, 13 Feb 1985, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _HYM_0000790; Mandai forest, at border with <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.78339&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.40933" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.78339/lat 1.40933)">Central Catchment Nature Reserve</a>, 1.40933, 103.78339, 13 Nov 2018, W.Wang leg., ZRC _ ENT00007587 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916); Overbeck (1924); Bolton (2000).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Road; Kent Ridge; Mandai forest .</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was found in a garden inland, nesting in fibrous tissue about the base of leaves of a coconut palm (‘tree’). Individuals were also found under brick in a semi-urban setting, vegetation-type unknown. The ants were also collected from old/mature secondary forest.</p><p>Remarks. Strumigenys godeffroyi is known to be a tramp species widely distributed across islands in the Pacific and Indian Ocean. At the time of writing, substantial material in the ZRC were at best identified to the eponymous godeffroyi species complex, but could not be reliably verified as S. godeffroyi mostly due to poor specimen condition such as abraded hairs. Pilosity is an important state used to differentiate between members of the godeffroyi complex.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833133FFC3FF677FA3FC18FD17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833133FFC3FD4B7903FC03F9D7.text	03B687833133FFC3FD4B7903FC03F9D7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Strumigenys juliae Forel 1905	<div><p>Strumigenys juliae Forel, 1905</p><p>Material examined. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, near BT02, 17 Nov 2016, W. Wang leg., ZRC _ ENT00007283 ; same locality and collector as previous, near BT07, 28 Sep 2016, W. Wang leg., ZRC _ ENT00007286; queens and workers, same locality and collector as previous, Aug-Dec 2016, leaf litter, Winkler extraction, ZRC _ ENT00007287-7288; same locality and collector as previous, near BT05, 14 Sep 2016, leaf litter, Winkler extraction, ZRC _ ENT00007289; queens and workers, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.78319&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.40842" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.78319/lat 1.40842)">Mandai</a>, Northern Node, 1.40842, 103.78319, 54m a.s.l., 25 Jul 2019, J.Tan &amp; S. Tang leg., JTST-MIS-010, ZRC _ ENT00013873 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Bolton (2000).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; Mandai.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was found mostly in primary and old/mature secondary forests, sometimes in young secondary forest in Singapore. These ants were collected mainly from leaf litter; nests were found in fallen rotting wood.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833133FFC3FD4B7903FC03F9D7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833132FFC2FF0F7AE3FE9EFC57.text	03B687833132FFC2FF0F7AE3FE9EFC57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Strumigenys koningsbergeri Forel 1905	<div><p>Strumigenys koningsbergeri Forel, 1905</p><p>Material examined. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, near BT09, 5 Oct 2016, W. Wang leg., leaf litter, Winkler extraction, ZRC _ ENT00007246 ; same locality and collector as previous, near BT03, 11 Aug 2016, ZRC _ ENT00007259; same locality and collector as previous, near BT07, 28 Sep 2016, leaf litter, Winkler extraction, ZRC _ ENT00007260; Lower Peirce Reservoir, Forest B, 25 Aug 1990, collector unknown, ZRC _ ENT00000104 ; Nee Soon forest, 2 Oct 2017, W. Wang leg., WT_FL1/ NS2, ZRC _ ENT00007258 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; Lower Peirce Reservoir; Nee Soon forest.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was found mostly in old/mature secondary forests in Singapore. Nests were found in fallen rotting wood; individual specimens were often collected from leaf litter and ground debris via Winkler extraction.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833132FFC2FF0F7AE3FE9EFC57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833132FFC2FF0F79C3FB78FF17.text	03B687833132FFC2FF0F79C3FB78FF17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Strumigenys kraepelini Forel 1905	<div><p>Strumigenys kraepelini Forel, 1905</p><p>Material examined. Queen and workers, Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, near BT09, 5 Oct 2016, W. Wang leg., ZRC _ ENT00007245 ; queen and workers, same locality and collector as previous, near BT01, 1 Feb 2017, ZRC _ ENT00007272; same locality, site, and collector as previous, 8 Dec 2016, leaf litter, Winkler extraction, ZRC _ ENT00007275; same locality and collector as previous, near BT07, 28 Sep 2016, leaf litter, Winkler extraction, ZRC _ ENT00007276; same locality as previous, 6 Jun 1968, D.H. Murphy leg., D7-4, ZRC _ ENT00000795; Nee Soon, 18 Jun 1969, D.H. Murphy leg., D10-7, ZRC _ ENT00000785 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Bolton (2000).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; Nee Soon.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was found in both old and mature secondary forests in Singapore. Individuals were usually collected from leaf litter, occasionally in rotten wood.</p><p>Remarks. At the time of writing, this species is known from only one locality in Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833132FFC2FF0F79C3FB78FF17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833132FFC2FD737B03FC2EFCD7.text	03B687833132FFC2FD737B03FC2EFCD7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Strumigenys membranifera Emery 1869	<div><p>Strumigenys membranifera Emery, 1869</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. City Hall, by church, 5 Aug 2014, J.K. Wetterer leg., vial #488 (USNM) .</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. City Hall</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was found in soil or debris at bases of trees near urban infrastructure, i.e., a church in the central business district.</p><p>Remarks. This is a pantropical tramp species (Bolton 2000) with a broad cosmopolitan distribution (Wetterer 2011b); its presumed native range is the Afrotropical region (Wetterer 2015).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833132FFC2FD737B03FC2EFCD7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833132FFC2FD737943FC2BF937.text	03B687833132FFC2FD737943FC2BF937.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Strumigenys mitis (Brown 2000)	<div><p>Strumigenys mitis (Brown, 2000)</p><p>Material examined. Queen and workers, Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, near BT07, 28 Sep 2016, W. Wang leg., ZRC _ ENT00007242 ; same locality and collector as previous, near BT01, 8 Dec 2016, ZRC _ ENT00007243; same locality and collector as previous, near BT09, 5 Oct 2016, ZRC _ ENT00007244; queen and workers, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.80206&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.38245" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.80206/lat 1.38245)">Nee Soon forest</a>, 1.38245, 103.80206, 46 m, NS_W2, 26 Apr 2018, W. Wang leg., ZRC _ ENT00047851 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. In Bolton (2000) – 1 non-type queen, locality unspecified (MCZ).</p><p>Literature. Bolton (2000) [as Pyramica mitis].</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; Nee Soon forest.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was found mainly in old or mature secondary forest in Singapore, including Adinandra belukar -dominant forest, where individuals were usually collected from leaf litter.</p><p>Remarks. Elsewhere in the world, this species is known to be able to thrive in a wide range of habitats including heavily disturbed and degraded grasslands and plantations (see Tang et al. 2019).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833132FFC2FD737943FC2BF937	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783313DFFCDFF677AE3FD62FDF7.text	03B68783313DFFCDFF677AE3FD62FDF7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Strumigenys mutica Brown 1949	<div><p>Strumigenys mutica Brown, 1949</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Bolton (2000).</p><p>Localities. Unknown.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Unknown in the Singapore context.</p><p>Remarks. At the time of writing, this rare species is only known from Singapore based on a literature record, with no specific locality given.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783313DFFCDFF677AE3FD62FDF7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783313DFFCDFF677863FD03F977.text	03B68783313DFFCDFF677863FD03F977.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Strumigenys nanzanensis Lin & Wu 1996	<div><p>Strumigenys nanzanensis Lin &amp; Wu, 1996</p><p>Material examined. Queen and workers, Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, near BT02, 2 Aug 2017, W. Wang leg., ZRC _ ENT00007271 ; Mandai Lake Road, Mandai Bird Park Buffer, N 01°24’19.3’’, E103°46’56.2’’, 73 m a.s.l., 26 Mar 2020, W. Zhang leg., WZ-MIS-018, ZRC _ ENT00047777 ; Mandai Road, 21 Dec 2016, G.W. Yong leg., GY-SG16- Strum 1, ZRC _ ENT00007267 ; queen, same locality as previous, 27 Jun 2019, J. Tan &amp; N. Chin leg., ZRC _ ENT00013535; Mandai Track, 4 Jan 2017, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _ ENT00007270 ; queen and workers, Upper Seletar Reservoir Park, 14 Feb 2018, G.W. Yong leg., GY-SG18- Strum 1, ZRC _ ENT00007268 ; Upper Thomson Road, 2 Oct 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _ ENT00007269 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; Mandai Lake Road (Bird Park Buffer); Mandai Road; Mandai Track; Upper Seletar Reservoir Park; Upper Thomson Road.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was found mostly in primary or mature secondary forests of varying levels of disturbance in Singapore, as well as young secondary forest such as abandoned plantation and parkland forest fragments in semi-urban settings. Individuals were found in leaf litter, also rotting wood and soil at bases of trees. On one occasion, some individuals were found in an Anoplolepis gracilipes nest in a fallen rotting tree branch.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783313DFFCDFF677863FD03F977	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783313DFFCDFD4B7AE3FCCDFCD7.text	03B68783313DFFCDFD4B7AE3FCCDFCD7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Strumigenys nepalensis Baroni Urbani & De Andrade 1994	<div><p>Strumigenys nepalensis Baroni Urbani &amp; De Andrade, 1994</p><p>Material examined. Alate queen, Prince George’s Park Residences (NUS), 1.292389, 103.77869, 17-24 Jun 2015, M.S. Foo &amp; W. Wang leg., malaise trap, ZRC _ BDP0044435 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Bolton (2000) [as Pyramica nepalensis].</p><p>Localities. Prince George’s Park Residences (NUS)</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. An alate queen was collected from a malaise trap set up at a disturbed secondary forest fragment in semi-urban settings. At the time of writing, mounting evidence supports the apparent tramp nature of this species – it is currently known to be widely distributed in Asia and beyond (Tang et al. 2019).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783313DFFCDFD4B7AE3FCCDFCD7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783313DFFCDFD4B7943FCFBF937.text	03B68783313DFFCDFD4B7943FCFBF937.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Strumigenys rofocala Bolton 2000	<div><p>Strumigenys rofocala Bolton, 2000</p><p>Material examined. Queens and workers, Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, near BT01, 8 Dec 2016, W. Wang leg., leaf litter, Winkler extraction, ZRC _ENT00007280; same locality and collector as previous, near BT02, 17 Nov 2016, leaf litter, Winkler extraction, ZRC _ ENT00007282; same locality and collector as previous, near BT07, 28 Sep 2016, ZRC _ ENT00007284; queens and workers, same locality and collector as previous, near BT06, 23 Aug 2016, leaf litter, Winkler extraction, ZRC _ ENT00007285; same locality and collector as previous, near BT09, 5 Jan 2016, leaf litter, Winkler extraction, ZRC _ ENT00048729; same locality as previous, plot III-2,12 Oct 2015, D.J. Court leg., pitfall trap, ZRC _ ENT00048445; Pulau Ubin, 22 Oct 2016, W. Wang leg., ZRC _ ENT00007277 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Bolton (2000).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; Pulau Ubin.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was found mainly in old/mature secondary forests in Singapore. Individuals were usually collected from leaf litter.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783313DFFCDFD4B7943FCFBF937	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783313CFFCCFF0F7AE3FE24FDF7.text	03B68783313CFFCCFF0F7AE3FE24FDF7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Strumigenys roganas Bolton 2000	<div><p>Strumigenys roganas Bolton, 2000</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Bolton (2000).</p><p>Localities. Unknown.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Unknown in the Singapore context.</p><p>Remarks. At the time of writing, this species is only known from Singapore based on a single literature record.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783313CFFCCFF0F7AE3FE24FDF7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783313CFFCCFF0F7863FD3AFB57.text	03B68783313CFFCCFF0F7863FD3AFB57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Strumigenys rogeri Emery 1890	<div><p>Strumigenys rogeri Emery, 1890</p><p>Material examined. Queen and workers, Pulau Ubin, 22 Oct 2016, W. Wang leg., leaf litter, Winkler extraction, ZRC _ ENT00007273; queen and workers, Mandai Road, near Ulu Sembawang Road, 14 Apr 1993, collector unknown, NS40, ZRC _HYM_0000278 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Pulau Ubin</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species appears to be associated mainly with disturbed young or mature secondary forest, where the ants were found in leaf litter.</p><p>Remarks. Deemed to be African in origin (Bolton 2000), S. rogeri was probably introduced to Singapore via human commerce – which has been attributed to for the species’ spread to other parts of the world (Wetterer 2012c).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783313CFFCCFF0F7863FD3AFB57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783313CFFCCFF0F7EC3FE24F9D7.text	03B68783313CFFCCFF0F7EC3FE24F9D7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Strumigenys signeae Forel 1905	<div><p>Strumigenys signeae Forel, 1905</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Bolton (2000).</p><p>Localities. Unknown.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Unknown in the Singapore context.</p><p>Remarks. At the time of writing, this species is only known from Singapore based on a single literature record.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783313CFFCCFF0F7EC3FE24F9D7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783313CFFCCFD737AE3FCC0FA57.text	03B68783313CFFCCFD737AE3FCC0FA57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Strumigenys sublaminata Brown 1959	<div><p>Strumigenys sublaminata Brown, 1959</p><p>Material examined. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, near BT05, 13 Sep 2017, W. Wang leg., WW-SG17-035, ZRC _ ENT00007254 ; same locality and collector as previous, 1.35386, 103.77988, 1 Nov 2017, W. Wang leg., ZRC _ ENT00047953; queen and workers, same locality and collector as previous, near BT02, 19 Apr 2017, W. Wang leg., WW-SG17-036, ZRC _ ENT00007255; queens and workers, same locality, collection date and collector as previous, near BT02, WW-SG17-037, ZRC _ ENT00007256; males and workers, same locality and collector as previous, near BT09, 28 Jun 2017, WW-SG17-038, ZRC _ ENT00007257 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species is associated mostly with primary forest, and less frequently with old/mature secondary forest in Singapore. In primary forest, nests were found in tree bark, under concavities in tree bark filled with soil, and under bark of dead fallen logs. In mature secondary forest, nests were found under bark of fallen trees or large rotting logs.</p><p>Remarks. At the time of writing, S. sublaminata is only known from one locality in Singapore. This species is quite similar to S. gamegyn, but in the former species, hairs on dorsolateral margin of head posterior to apicoscrobal hair are not projecting laterally (2-3 hairs obviously projected laterally in full face view for S. gamegyn), pleurae and sides of propodeum also mostly smooth and shiny (in S. gamegyn, only the katepisternum is smooth and shining, rest of lateral mesosomal surface reticulate-punctate).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783313CFFCCFD737AE3FCC0FA57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783313FFFCFFF677AE3FEDDFD17.text	03B68783313FFFCFFF677AE3FEDDFD17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Strumigenys sydorata Bolton 2000	<div><p>Strumigenys sydorata Bolton, 2000</p><p>Material examined. Nee Soon forest, 2 Oct 2017, W. Wang leg., leaf litter, Winkler extraction, WT_FL1/NSW2, ZRC _ ENT00000999 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Nee Soon forest</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. A single worker of this species was found in leaf litter from old or mature secondary forest, at a site close to swamp forest.</p><p>Remarks. This species is a member of the lyroessa complex. At the time of writing, the single specimen identified as S. sydorata was somewhat abraded, with many hairs missing or damaged, including standing pronotal humeral hairs that are considered diagnostic of this species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783313FFFCFFF677AE3FEDDFD17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783313FFFCFFF677903FE9BFB97.text	03B68783313FFFCFFF677903FE9BFB97.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Strumigenys szalayi Emery 1897	<div><p>Strumigenys szalayi Emery, 1897</p><p>Material examined. Punggol Road mangroves, 5 Aug 1979, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _ HYM_0000777 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Bolton (2000).</p><p>Localities. Punggol Road mangroves</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was found in mangroves in Singapore, possibly mangrove back forest.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783313FFFCFFF677903FE9BFB97	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783313FFFCFFF677EBCFC20FED8.text	03B68783313FFFCFFF677EBCFC20FED8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Syllophopsis australica (Forel 1907)	<div><p>Syllophopsis australica (Forel, 1907)</p><p>Material examined. Queen and workers, Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, near BT02, 2 Aug 2017, W. Wang leg., WW-SG17-030, ZRC _ ENT00000986; MacRitchie Reservoir, 9 Jan 2014, Sk. Yamane leg., ZRC _HYM_0000383- 384; Upper Peirce Reservoir, 10 Jan 2014, Sk. Yamane leg., ZRC _HYM_0000385 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; MacRitchie Reservoir; Upper Peirce Reservoir.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was found in primary forest, and close to walking trails in old/ mature secondary forest. A nest was found in soil at the base of a large tree in primary forest. Individuals were often collected from leaf litter.</p><p>Remarks. Most specimens examined for this checklist were originally identified as ‘ Monomorium talpa ’ – now a junior synonym of S. australica .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783313FFFCFFF677EBCFC20FED8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783313FFFCFFD4B7B7CFBFBFC78.text	03B68783313FFFCFFD4B7B7CFBFBFC78.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Syllophopsis sechellensis (Emery 1894)	<div><p>Syllophopsis sechellensis (Emery, 1894)</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Amber Road, Katong, 28 Jul 2014, J.K. Wetterer leg., vial #337 (MSC) .</p><p>Literature. Wetterer &amp; Sharaf (2017).</p><p>Localities. Amber Road (Katong)</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Specimens were collected from a wooded area in an urban residential district.</p><p>Remarks. Workers of this species can be distinguished from most other congeners by a matte and reticulate punctate mesopleuron, and short propodeal spines. These ants are apparently native to the Old World tropics (Wetterer &amp; Sharaf 2017), but have spread to other regions, including the New World, mainly by human commerce.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783313FFFCFFD4B7B7CFBFBFC78	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783313FFFCFFD4B799CFC60F997.text	03B68783313FFFCFFD4B799CFC60F997.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Syllophopsis subcoeca (Emery 1894)	<div><p>Syllophopsis subcoeca (Emery, 1894)</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Amber Road, Katong, 28 Jul 2014, J.K. Wetterer leg., vials #337, #345 (MSC, USNM) ; Marine Parade, 28 Jul 2014, J.K. Wetterer leg., vial #368 (MSC, USNM) ; East Coast Park, 1 Aug 2014, J.K. Wetterer leg., vial #442 (MSC, USNM) ; Punggol Point, 30 Jul 2014, J.K. Wetterer leg., vial #397 (MSC) ; Harbourfront, Marang Trail, 4 Aug 2014, J.K. Wetterer leg., vial #472 (MSC) .</p><p>Literature. Wetterer &amp; Sharaf (2021).</p><p>Localities. Amber Road (Katong); East Coast Park; Harbour Front; Punggol Point.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species appears common in highly-disturbed woodland and secondary forest fragments in close proximity to man-made infrastructure such as residential buildings and highways. Specimens were also found at bases of trees in parks.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783313FFFCFFD4B799CFC60F997	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783313EFFCEFF0F7AE3FDB2FDB7.text	03B68783313EFFCEFF0F7AE3FDB2FDB7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tetramorium aptum Bolton 1977	<div><p>Tetramorium aptum Bolton, 1977</p><p>Material examined. Bukit Timah forest, collection date unknown, D.H. Murphy leg., F36, ZRC _HYM_0000753; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.94155&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.41529" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.94155/lat 1.41529)">Pulau Ubin</a>, 1.41529, 103.94155, 15 Nov 2021, W.N. Lam leg., ZRC _ ENT00057805 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah forest; Pulau Ubin.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Individuals of this species were collected from either primary or old/mature secondary forest in Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783313EFFCEFF0F7AE3FDB2FDB7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783313EFFCEFF0F78A3FC05FD17.text	03B68783313EFFCEFF0F78A3FC05FD17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tetramorium bicarinatum (Nylander 1846)	<div><p>Tetramorium bicarinatum (Nylander, 1846)</p><p>Material examined. I-cube building (NUS), 1.293472, 103.776333, 24 Jun-1 Jul 2015, M.S. Foo &amp; W. Wang leg., malaise trap, ZRC _ BDP0044220; Temasek Polytechnic, adjacent waste woodland, 1.34239, 103.93598, 13-15 Dec 2016, G.W. Yong leg., TT2GPa578, ZRC _HYM_0001760; Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum (LKCNHM), NUS, 13 Dec 2017, Sk. Yamane leg., SG17-SKY-42 (SKYC) .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Non-types, J.K. Wetterer leg. (USNM) – Hougang, 30 Jul 2014, vial #401; Kallang, Riverside Park, 29 Jul 2014, vial #372; Katong, Amber Road, 28 Jul 2014, vials #333, 349; Kranji, by MRT station, 2 Aug 2014, vial #452; Marine Parade, Jul-Aug 2014, vials #352, 435; Tai Seng, by MRT station, 31 Jul 2014, vial #422.</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916), Overbeck (1924) [both misclassified as ‘ Tetramorium guineense ’]. Wang et al. (2018a).</p><p>Localities. Amber Road (Katong); Hougang; I-cube building (NUS); LKCNHM (NUS); Katong; Kranji; Marine Parade; Riverside Park (Kallang); Tai Seng; (beside) Temasek Polytechnic.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species is associated mainly with disturbed young secondary habitats in semi-urban settings in Singapore including waste woodland forest, and sometimes also scrubland. Colonies have been found in rotting wood and bamboo in a garden.A nest was also found in an electrical circuit box beside a bus stop outside a university campus building.</p><p>Remarks. Tetramorium bicarinatum is considered a highly successful and globally widespread tramp species, occurring in almost all tropical and subtropical habitats worldwide. It has been strongly postulated to be native to the Southeast Asian region, and introduced to the rest of the world (Bolton 1977). Morphologically similar to another pantropical tramp species – T. insolens (also listed here), T. bicarinatum can be distinguished from the latter by its sculptured mandibles, rectangular nodiform petiole with antero- and posterodorsal angles at identical heights, and finally its bicolored body.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783313EFFCEFF0F78A3FC05FD17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783313EFFCEFD737903FB82FB57.text	03B68783313EFFCEFD737903FB82FB57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tetramorium curtulum Emery 1895	<div><p>Tetramorium curtulum Emery, 1895</p><p>Material examined. Pulau Ubin, 7 Jan 2014, Sk. Yamane leg., ZRC _HYM_0000457 (also in SKYC) .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Pulau Ubin</p><p>Remarks. This species has only been recorded from an offshore island at the time of writing. A member of the scabrosum group, T. curtulum can be distinguished by its relatively smaller eyes (Bolton 1977).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783313EFFCEFD737903FB82FB57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783313EFFCEFD737EC3FC3CF9F7.text	03B68783313EFFCEFD737EC3FC3CF9F7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tetramorium eleates Forel 1913	<div><p>Tetramorium eleates Forel, 1913</p><p>Material examined. Mandai Track, 4 Jan 2017, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _ ENT00027989 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Mandai Track</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was found in native-dominated old/mature secondary forest in Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783313EFFCEFD737EC3FC3CF9F7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833139FFC9FF677AE3FDB5FB17.text	03B687833139FFC9FF677AE3FDB5FB17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tetramorium insolens (Smith 1861)	<div><p>Tetramorium insolens (Smith, 1861)</p><p>Material examined. Kranji Road, 1 Nov 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _ ENT00048415 ; alates and workers, National University of Singapore campus (Clementi/Kent Ridge, multiple sites), Apr-Aug 2015, M.S. Foo &amp; W. Wang leg., malaise trap, ZRC _BDP (multiple); queen and workers, Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve, 14 Mar 2018, W. Wang &amp; M.S. Foo leg., WW-SG18- Tetram 1, ZRC _ ENT00000907 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Wang et al. (2018a) [as Tetramorium cf. insolens – ZRC material determined as T. insolens post publication].</p><p>Localities. Kranji Road; National University of Singapore campus (Clementi/Kent Ridge); Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Tetramorium insolens is associated with a wide variety of different habitats in Singapore, from mangrove back forest to urban cultivated patches, also disturbed secondary forest fragments in urban or semi-urban settings. In back mangroves, the ants have been found in a thin carton nest on the underside of a thick branch of a living tree.</p><p>Remarks. This species is considered a relatively widespread ‘pan-global’ tramp species originating from Indonesia and probably introduced elsewhere (Bolton 1977). It is morphologically similar to and often misidentified as T. bicarinatum, but may be differentiated by characters detailed in ‘Remarks’ under the latter species section above.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833139FFC9FF677AE3FDB5FB17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833139FFC9FF677F03FB0DFE97.text	03B687833139FFC9FF677F03FB0DFE97.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tetramorium kheperra (Bolton 1976)	<div><p>Tetramorium kheperra (Bolton, 1976)</p><p>Material examined. Upper Peirce Reservoir, 10 Jan 2014, Sk. Yamane leg., ZRC _ HYM_0000415-417 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Upper Peirce Reservoir</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was found in either primary or old/mature secondary forest, near a walking trail.</p><p>Remarks. Tetramorium kheperra is known to be a widespread tramp species, where individuals are mostly collected from disturbed habitats. In view of this, its actual prevalence in Singapore may be underrepresented in sorted ZRC material examined for this checklist.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833139FFC9FF677F03FB0DFE97	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833139FFC8FD4B7B83FDE1FCD7.text	03B687833139FFC8FD4B7B83FDE1FCD7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tetramorium lanuginosum Mayr 1870	<div><p>Tetramorium lanuginosum Mayr, 1870</p><p>Material examined. Kent Ridge Park, 11 Jan 2014, Sk. Yamane leg., ex. leaf litter, SG14- SKY-56 (SKYC); Kranji Road, 1 Nov 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _ ENT00048416; queen and worker, Pulau Tekukor, 24 Jun 2017, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _ ENT00048413 ; Sisters’ Island, 9 Dec 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _ ENT00027977 ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.84934&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.42078" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.84934/lat 1.42078)">Yishun</a> wasteland, 1.42078, 103.84934, 21 Feb 2016, M.K.L. Wong leg., ZRC _ ENT00000698 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Type alate queen, FOCOL2063 (ZMHB) [as Triglyphothrix lanuginosa]. Non-types, J.K. Wetterer leg. (USNM) – Buona Vista, by MRT station, 5 Aug 2014, vial #486; City Hall, by church, 29 Jul 2014, vial #374; Dhoby Ghaut, Istana Park, 30 Jul 2014, vial #403; Harbourfront, 29 Jul 2014, vial #385; Hougang, 30 Jul 2014, vial #401; Kallang, Riverside Park, 29 Jul 2014, vial #372; Katong, Jul-Aug 2014, vials #348, 442; Kent Ridge, 31 Jul 2014, vials #426, 431; Marine Parade, 28 Jul 2014, vials #358, 368; Outram Park, by MRT station, 29 Jul 2014, vial #379; Pasir Panjang, by MRT station, 5 Aug 2014, vial #482; Promenade, by MRT station, 4 Aug 2014, vial #468; Punggol Point, 30 Jul 2014, vial #397; Queenstown, 29 Jul 2014, vial #383; Serangoon, 30 Jul 2014, vial #389 .</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916), Overbeck (1924) [both as Triglyphothrix lanuginosa and T. striatidens]. Wheeler (1929) [as type of Triglyphothrix striatidens flavescens]; Bolton (1976) [as Triglyphothrix lanuginosa].</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Road; Buona Vista; City Hall; Dhoby Ghaut; Harbourfront; Hougang; Katong; Kent Ridge; Kranji Road; Marine Parade; Outram Park; Pasir Panjang; Promenade; Pulau Tekukor; Punggol Point; Queenstown; Riverside Park (Kallang); Serangoon; Sisters’ Island; Yishun wasteland.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was collected mainly from young secondary habitats, including waste woodland forest fragments in urban or semi-urban settings, and scrubland on offshore islands. The ants were also found nesting in a hollow spot under the bottom of a flower stand in a garden. Foragers were often also found in plantings, bases of trees, or gardens close to man-made infrastructure.</p><p>Remarks. Tetramorium lanuginosum is a recognized globally widespread tramp species commonly known as the wooly ant, suspected to have been mainly dispersed through human commerce (Wetterer 2010). Its native range remains a point of contention, though some believe it is native to tropical Asia, or more specifically tropical and subtropical East Asia. The type queen of the species was originally described from Singaporeas ‘ Triglyphothrix lanuginosa ’ (see Viehmeyer 1916).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833139FFC8FD4B7B83FDE1FCD7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833138FFC8FF0F7943FE30F997.text	03B687833138FFC8FF0F7943FE30F997.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tetramorium meshena	<div><p>Tetramorium meshena (Bolton, 1976)</p><p>Material examined. Lower Peirce Reservoir, Forest A, 7 Aug 1990, collector unknown, ZRC _ ENT00000176 ; same locality, site and collection date as previous, collector unknown, ZRC _ ENT00000194; same locality as previous, Forest B, 25 Aug 1990, collector unknown, ZRC _ ENT00000115 ; same locality and site as previous, 10 Aug 1990, collector unknown, ZRC _ ENT00000227; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.79839&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.38311" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.79839/lat 1.38311)">Upper Thomson Nature Park</a>, 1.38311, 103.79839, 17-19 Oct 2016, pitfall trap, UT5GPc1629, ZRC _HYM_0001761; Pulau Ubin, 7 Jan 2014, Sk. Yamane leg. (SKYC) .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Lower Peirce Reservoir; Pulau Ubin; Upper Thomson Nature Park.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species is associated mostly with primary or old/mature secondary forests in Singapore. Some specimens were collected from young abandoned plantation secondary forests. Individuals were usually found in leaf litter.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833138FFC8FF0F7943FE30F997	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833138FFC8FD737AE3FC4AFB97.text	03B687833138FFC8FD737AE3FC4AFB97.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tetramorium obtusidens Viehmeyer 1916	<div><p>Tetramorium obtusidens Viehmeyer, 1916</p><p>Material examined. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.77658&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.29711" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.77658/lat 1.29711)">Bukit Timah forest</a>, collection date unknown, D.H. Murphy leg., A124-2, ZRC _HYM_0000749; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.77658&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.29711" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.77658/lat 1.29711)">University Hall</a> (NUS), 1.29711, 103.77658, 1-8 Apr 2015, M.S. Foo &amp; W. Wang leg., malaise trap, NUS0008, ZRC _ BDP0045351 ; same locality and collectors as previous, 10-17 Jun 2015, NUS0048, ZRC _ BDP0044430 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Type queens – FOCOL2072 -2073 (ZMHB) .</p><p>Literature. Type – Viehmeyer (1916); Overbeck (1924). Bolton (1977); Wang et al. (2018a).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah forest; Jurong Road [type]; University Hall (NUS).</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species appears associated with primary and/or mature secondary forests in Singapore, including disturbed forest fragments in semi-urban settings. Queens have been found alongside other ant species such as Cataulacus praetextus and Technomoyrmex albipes in rotten branches.</p><p>Remarks. Type locality in Singapore. The species was first described based on syntype queens (see Viehmeyer 1916), while the worker was described much later (see Bolton 1977) based on specimens from a locality different from that of the queen types, and also specimens from other countries.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833138FFC8FD737AE3FC4AFB97	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833138FFCBFD737E83FE41FB97.text	03B687833138FFCBFD737E83FE41FB97.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tetramorium pacificum Mayr 1870	<div><p>Tetramorium pacificum Mayr, 1870</p><p>Material examined. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.78171&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.31115" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.78171/lat 1.31115)">Commonwealth Road</a>, 1.31115, 103.78171, 22-24 Nov 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _HYM_0001758-1759; Icube building (NUS), 1.29347, 103.77633, Jul-Sep 2015, M.S. Foo &amp; W. Wang leg., malaise trap, ZRC _BDP (multiple); Kent Ridge, 20 Apr 1985, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _HYM_0000757; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.77803&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.4083" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.77803/lat 1.4083)">Mandai</a>, 1.4083, 103.77803, 19 Jun 2016, M.K.L. Wong leg., ZRC _ ENT00000700; Namly forest, 10 May 1985, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _ HYM_0000746; Prince George’s Park Residences (NUS), 1.29239, 103.77869, May-Sep 2015, M.S. Foo &amp; W. Wang leg., ZRC _BDP (multiple); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.84934&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.42078" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.84934/lat 1.42078)">Yishun</a> wasteland, 1.42078, 103.84934, 21 Feb 2016, M.K.L. Wong leg., ZRC _ ENT00000699 ; Bukit Timah, 14 Apr 1993, Sk. Yamane leg. (SKYC) ; worker and founding queen, Upper Thomson Nature Park, 9 Dec 2017, Sk. Yamane leg., SG17-SKY-38 (SKYC) .</p><p>Material not physically examined. In Schlick-Steiner et al. (2006) - queen, Singapore Zoo, 12 Jan 2002, H. Zettel leg.; queen, National University of Singapore campus, 26-28 Jan 2002, H. Zettel leg.; 15 queens, same locality as previous, 21 Oct - 7 Nov 2003, H. Zettel leg. (all in ZCW).</p><p>Literature. Schlick-Steiner et al. (2006); Wang et al. (2018a); Yamane et al. (2022).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah; Commonwealth Road; Kent Ridge; Mandai; Namly forest; National University of Singapore campus (Clementi/ Kent Ridge, multiple sites); Singapore Zoo; Yishun wasteland.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species is associated mostly with young secondary forests of varying disturbance levels in Singapore, including waste woodland secondary forest. Individuals have been collected on bamboo, tree trunks, in decayed wood, and on foliage of Wormia (currently known as ‘ Dillenia’) shrubs/trees.</p><p>Remarks. The species has a very broad distribution range throughout most of the Oriental and Indo-Australian realms.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833138FFCBFD737E83FE41FB97	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783313BFFCBFF677E83FED9FA17.text	03B68783313BFFCBFF677E83FED9FA17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tetramorium pulchellum Emery 1897	<div><p>Tetramorium pulchellum Emery, 1897</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916); Overbeck (1924).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Road</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was found in a garden.</p><p>Remarks. At the time of writing, this species is only known from Singapore based on literature records.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783313BFFCBFF677E83FED9FA17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783313BFFCBFF677C03FC0DFEB7.text	03B68783313BFFCBFF677C03FC0DFEB7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tetramorium scabrum Mayr 1879	<div><p>Tetramorium scabrum Mayr, 1879</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916); Overbeck (1924).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Road</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Individual workers were collected from a garden.</p><p>Remarks. At the time of writing, this species is only known from Singapore based on literature records.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783313BFFCBFF677C03FC0DFEB7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783313BFFCBFD4B7BA3FC41FC77.text	03B68783313BFFCBFD4B7BA3FC41FC77.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tetramorium smithi Mayr 1879	<div><p>Tetramorium smithi Mayr, 1879</p><p>Material examined. Kent Ridge, 25 Apr 1985, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _HYM_0000756; Mandai Lake Road, N 01°24’19.3’’, E 103°46’56.2’’, 73 m a.s.l., 26 Mar 2020, W. Zhang leg., ZRC _ ENT00047776 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916), Overbeck (1924) [both as Xiphomyrmex smithi var. kanarense]. Tan &amp; Corlett (2012).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Road; Kent Ridge.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This tiny species was found mostly in disturbed young or mature secondary forests, in clay mounds and fallen rotting wood or logs. A colony was also found in the ground of a garden.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783313BFFCBFD4B7BA3FC41FC77	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783313BFFCBFD4B79E3FB40F997.text	03B68783313BFFCBFD4B79E3FB40F997.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tetramorium tonganum Mayr 1870	<div><p>Tetramorium tonganum Mayr, 1870</p><p>Material examined. Prince George’s Park Residences (NUS), 1.29239, 103.77869, Apr-May 2015, M.S. Foo &amp; W. Wang leg., malaise trap, ZRC _ BDP0045634, -46101, -46770; Pulau Ubin, 7 Jan 2014, Sk. Yamane leg., ZRC _ HYM_0000455-456 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Wang et al. (2018a).</p><p>Localities. Prince George’s Park Residences (NUS); Pulau Ubin.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species is associated with young secondary habitat in Singapore, mostly disturbed secondary forest fragments within semi-urban settings, or close to man-made infrastructure.</p><p>Remarks. It has been surmised that Java and Sumba (both part of Indonesia) represent the west-most limits of the species native range, and that populations in Malaysia and Singapore are possibly introduced (Bolton 1977).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783313BFFCBFD4B79E3FB40F997	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783313AFFCAFF0F7AE3FE20FD77.text	03B68783313AFFCAFF0F7AE3FE20FD77.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tetramorium walshi (Forel 1890)	<div><p>Tetramorium walshi (Forel, 1890)</p><p>Material examined. Sisters’ Island, 9 Dec 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _ ENT00027991 ; locality unknown, 23 Jul 1996, Sk. Yamane leg. (SKYC) .</p><p>Material not physically examined. CASENT0909099, ANTC31549 (MHNG) [as syntype of Triglyphothrix walshi var. spuria] .</p><p>Literature. Forel (1912) [as type of Triglyphothrix walshi var. spuria].</p><p>Localities. Sisters’ Island</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was found on an offshore island, possibly in young or mature secondary forest.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783313AFFCAFF0F7AE3FE20FD77	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783313AFFCAFF0F789CFDAFF957.text	03B68783313AFFCAFF0F789CFDAFF957.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trichomyrmex destructor (Jerdon 1851)	<div><p>Trichomyrmex destructor (Jerdon, 1851)</p><p>Material examined. None available (but see Remarks).</p><p>Material not physically examined. In Wetterer (2009) – 1899, Haviland (BMNH). ANIC 32- 061821, Shattuck1345379064 (ANIC).</p><p>Literature. Wetterer (2009).</p><p>Localities. Unknown.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Uncertain in the Singapore context, but presumably in and around man-made infrastructure in urban and semi-urban areas, based on anecdotal observations.</p><p>Remarks. Commonly known as ‘the Singapore ant’, T. destructor is an infamous worldwide cosmopolitan pest species that appears to not be as locally ubiquitous as is suggested by its common name. It is presumably native to the Palearctic region (Wetterer 2015). The species is probably underrepresented in the ZRC – wholly in uncatalogued, unsorted material (W. Wang, pers. obs.). There have been past occasional anecdotal reports of the pest ant causing damage to man-made infrastructure, such as chewing through electrical wiring in urban buildings, but species identities of the reported ants have not been validated. In Bolton (1987), the locality of material supposedly collected from Singapore was indicated as ‘Sabang’ – which may actually be a city or town located in Indonesia or Malaysia, but does not exist in Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783313AFFCAFF0F789CFDAFF957	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783313AFFCAFD737A9CFC18FDD7.text	03B68783313AFFCAFD737A9CFC18FDD7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trichomyrmex mayri (Forel 1902)	<div><p>Trichomyrmex mayri (Forel, 1902)</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Forel (1911) [as Monomorium destructor subsp. mayri].</p><p>Localities. Unknown.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Unknown in the Singapore context.</p><p>Remarks. At the time of writing, this species is known from Singapore based only on a single literature record.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783313AFFCAFD737A9CFC18FDD7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783313AFFCAFD737843FBCEFB37.text	03B68783313AFFCAFD737843FBCEFB37.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tyrannomyrmex rex Fernandez 2003	<div><p>Tyrannomyrmex rex Fernández, 2003</p><p>Material examined. Mandai, 1.40144, 103.77702, 10 Mar 2016, M.K.L. Wong leg., MKW- SG16- Tyr 1, ZRC _ ENT00000703-705 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. In Jacquemin et al. (2015) – SPM_ID4904401, general inventory 33045 (RBINS).</p><p>Literature. Jacquemin et al. (2015); Wong &amp; Yong (2017).</p><p>Localities. MacRitchie Reservoir; Mandai.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was found in primary or old/mature secondary forests in Singapore, typically in leaf litter. Nests were found at bases of trees.</p><p>Remarks. In one literature record, habitat was described as ‘selectively logged and regenerated primary forest’ – this can be simply and more accurately inferred as ‘secondary forest’ by our definition (see Introduction).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783313AFFCAFD737843FBCEFB37	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783313AFFD5FD737EDCFE9AFC17.text	03B68783313AFFD5FD737EDCFE9AFC17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vollenhovia brevicornis (Emery 1893)	<div><p>Vollenhovia brevicornis (Emery, 1893)</p><p>Vollenhovia fridae Forel, 1923, worker, Sumatra, syn. nov.</p><p>Material examined. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.79839&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.41258" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.79839/lat 1.41258)">Mandai Road</a>, 1.41258, 103.79839, 16-18 Nov 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _HYM_0001711-1712; Mandai Lake Road, Northern Node, 1°24’36.5”N, 103°47’04.0”, 53 m, 18 Jul 2019, J.S. Tan &amp; N.L. Chin leg., leaf litter, Winkler extraction, ZRC _ ENT00028311 ; Bukit Timah forest, 3 Sep 1964, D.H. Murphy leg., A-292-10, DHM-SG64- Voll 1, ZRC _ ENT00027927 ; locality unknown, 14 Apr 1993, Sk. Yamane leg. (SKYC) .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; Mandai Lake Road; Mandai Road.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was found in primary and/or native-dominated old or mature secondary forests, sometimes on tree trunks, but mainly from leaf litter and upper topsoil substrate.</p><p>Remarks. We have carefully compared the Sumatran specimens (workers) of ‘ Vollenhovia fridae ’ with the images and original description of V. brevicornis (described in Monomorium), and concluded that these are the same species. Singaporean specimens examined well agree with V. brevicornis and ‘ V. fridae ’. Although these are slightly smaller than the Sumatran specimens, in this species the worker caste is highly variable in size. This species appears almost identical to the Sulawesi species Vollenhovia pertinax (Smith, 1861) that was much earlier described than V. brevicornis, but we need more information and material to decide the status of these two forms (see also Remarks for Vollenhovia penetrans Smith, 1857).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783313AFFD5FD737EDCFE9AFC17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833125FFD5FF677E3CFEDEF8F7.text	03B687833125FFD5FF677E3CFEDEF8F7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vollenhovia escherichi Forel 1911	<div><p>Vollenhovia escherichi Forel, 1911</p><p>Material examined. Pulau Ubin, 1.41662, 103.99443, 4 Dec 2016, G.W. Yong &amp; M.K.L. Wong leg., ZRC _HYM_0001077; Pulau Ubin, Jalan Sam Heng, 15 Oct 2016, G.W. Yong et al. leg., ZRC _HYM_0001146 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Pulau Ubin</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was found in young and/or mature secondary forest; an individual was collected from leaf litter by Winkler extraction.</p><p>Remarks. At the time of writing, V. escherichi was identified only from an off-shore island northeast of the mainland. The species resembles Vollenhovia subtilis, but can be distinguished by the reticulate sculpture on head dorsum with larger interspaces or areola, larger eyes (also bulging more from sides of head in full face view), and postpetiole in dorsal view distinctly wider than long and as wide as the propodeum.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833125FFD5FF677E3CFEDEF8F7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833125FFD5FD4B7A9CFC3AF957.text	03B687833125FFD5FD4B7A9CFC3AF957.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vollenhovia minuta Viehmeyer 1916	<div><p>Vollenhovia minuta Viehmeyer, 1916 stat. n.</p><p>Vollenhovia brevicornis var. minuta Viehmeyer, 1916: 129 (w.)</p><p>Subspecies of Vollenhovia brevicornis: Emery, 1922: 164; Ettershank, 1966: 149; Bolton, 1995: 423.</p><p>Material examined. Males and workers, Mandai forest, 7 Jun 2018, W. Wang leg., WW-SG18-002, ZRC _ ENT00027960 ; Nee Soon forest, 7 Jan 2015, W. Wang leg., ZRC _ ENT00000998 ; Upper Thomson Road, 9 Dec 2017, W. Wang leg., WW-SG17- Voll 1, ZRC _ ENT00000963 ; same locality as previous, 11 Oct 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _ ENT00048027; queen, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.81921&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.38159" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.81921/lat 1.38159)">Upper Thomson Nature Park</a>, 1.38159, 103.81921, 11 Oct 2016, G.W. Yong et al. leg., ZRC _ ENT00048028 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None (see Remarks). New record.</p><p>Localities. Mandai forest</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was found in old/ mature secondary forest, including abandoned plantation forests, typically nesting under bark of large fallen tree trunks or near the bases of live trees.</p><p>Remarks. The type locality for this species is in Gunong Angsi in Malaysia (see Overbeck 1924), not Singapore as erroneously indicated in most existing publications and online resources (e.g. Bolton 2021, AntWeb).</p><p>This species was originally described as a subspecies of V. brevicornis, however, it is morphologically completely different from the latter and should be treated as a distinct species. Vollenhovia minuta can be distinguished by the following characters: 1) minute size (TL 1.8 – 2 mm), 2) head much longer than wide, 3) head in profile with flattened appearance, 4) antennal scapes very short, not reaching posterior head margin, 5) mesosoma elongate with almost flat dorsum, 6) no propodeal spines, 7) head, mesosoma, petiole and postpetiole densely reticulate-punctate. The species resembles V. piroskae taipingensis Forel, 1913, but can be differentiated by its much longer head in full face view (in V. piroskae taipingensis, head is scarcely longer than wide).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833125FFD5FD4B7A9CFC3AF957	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833124FFD4FF0F7A9CFE08FC57.text	03B687833124FFD4FF0F7A9CFE08FC57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vollenhovia overbecki Viehmeyer 1916	<div><p>Vollenhovia overbecki Viehmeyer, 1916</p><p>Material examined. Queens, Bukit Timah forest, A124-11, 17 Dec 1972, D.H. Murphy leg.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Types – CASENT0908662, ANTC031013 (MHNG); male and worker, FOCOL0313 -314 (DEIC); 2 males and 3 workers, FOCOL1664 -1668 (ZMHB) .</p><p>Literature. Type – Viehmeyer (1916); Overbeck (1924).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah forest; Bukit Timah Road; Jurong Road.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. The type colony was found in a rotten trunk of a tree, macrohabitat unspecified. Individuals were also found in a garden, and in either primary or old/mature secondary forest.</p><p>Remarks. Type locality/localities in Singapore. Species identity of material examined was largely deduced based on original descriptions of the worker, since no images or descriptions of the queen were available for reference at the time of writing.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833124FFD4FF0F7A9CFE08FC57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833124FFD4FF0F79FCFB05FC57.text	03B687833124FFD4FF0F79FCFB05FC57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vollenhovia penetrans (Smith 1857)	<div><p>Vollenhovia penetrans (Smith, 1857)</p><p>Material examined. Queen, Mandai Road, 18 Nov 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _ ENT00027986 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Mandai Road</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. A single queen of this species was collected from native-dominated old/mature secondary forest in Singapore.</p><p>Remarks. This species was first described as ‘ Atta penetrans ’ based on a single queen from Borneo (Smith 1857). At the time of writing, we verified the identity of ZRC material with the original description and holotype images available online.</p><p>We also examined a few queen specimens associated with workers from Borneo and the Malay Peninsula. A single isolated queen from Sulawesi well agreed with these queens. Furthermore, queen-associated workers mentioned above well agreed with separate samples of workers (without queens) from Borneo, which had in turn been directly compared with type specimens of V. fridae at the MHNG by one of us (SKY). All these strongly imply the conspecifity of the four forms: brevicornis, fridae, penetrans, pertinax (see Remarks for V. brevicornis).</p><p>If that is the case, the oldest name should be V. penetrans, with all the others being its junior synonyms.</p><p>However, we are reluctant to synonymize these three forms under V. penetrans, as it remains possible that some of these constitute a cryptic species complex. For example, we detected a slight difference among the queens examined, namely the space between frontal carinae (posterior portion of clypeus) – this area is densely striate-reticulate in the Singapore queen and the type specimen image, but smooth in the queens from Borneo, the Malay Peninsula and Sulawesi. We believe that all these forms are closely related, but final species statuses should be decided with assessment of more information – including male genitalia and DNA – amassed in future.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833124FFD4FF0F79FCFB05FC57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833124FFD4FD7379C3FB4EF9B7.text	03B687833124FFD4FD7379C3FB4EF9B7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vollenhovia rufiventris Forel 1901	<div><p>Vollenhovia rufiventris Forel, 1901</p><p>Material examined. Bukit Timah forest, 16 Feb 1975, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _ HYM_0000901 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Types – male and dealate queen, FOCOL2920 - FOCOL2921 (ZMHB) .</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916); Overbeck (1924).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah forest; Bukit Timah Road.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species is associated with primary and mature secondary habitats in Singapore. Individuals can sometimes be seen on fallen wood or logs. Colonies can be found in the soft wood of rotting fallen trees.</p><p>Remarks. The male and queen of this species were first described from Singapore (see Viehmeyer 1916), based on a colony series collected from a garden, many years after the species itself was established in 1901 based on the worker.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833124FFD4FD7379C3FB4EF9B7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833127FFD7FF677ADCFECBFD17.text	03B687833127FFD7FF677ADCFECBFD17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anochetus agilis Emery 1901	<div><p>Anochetus agilis Emery, 1901</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. ANIC 32- 016869, Shattuck1345241385 (ANIC).</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916); Overbeck (1924).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; Bukit Timah Road.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Individuals including the type queens were collected from a garden. This species was found in either primary or old/ mature secondary forest in more recent times.</p><p>Remarks. The queen of this species was first described by Viehmeyer (1916) based on specimens collected by H. Overbeck from Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833127FFD7FF677ADCFECBFD17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833127FFD7FF67793CFB59FD37.text	03B687833127FFD7FF67793CFB59FD37.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anochetus graeffei Mayr 1870	<div><p>Anochetus graeffei Mayr, 1870</p><p>Material examined. Kent Ridge Park, 7 Dec 2017, W. Wang leg.,WW-SG17-027, ZRC _ ENT00000979 ; workers and dealate queen, same locality as previous, 7 Dec 2017, Sk. Yamane leg., SG17-SKY-21 (SKYC); Nee Soon forest, 27 Jan 2015, W. Wang leg., WW-SG15- Anoc 1, ZRC _ ENT00000978 ; male, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.760445&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.2066389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.760445/lat 1.2066389)">Pulau Semakau Old Fragment</a>, SMO3, 1°12’23.9”N, 103°45’37.6”E, 5-12 Jul 2012, J. Puniamoorthy et al. leg., mangroves, malaise trap, Reg. 29342, ZRC _ BDP0014528 ; queens and males, Pulau Ubin, PU 1, 1°24’36.3”N, 103°59’25.5”E, Jul-Nov 2012, J. Puniamoorthy et al. leg., mangroves, malaise trap, ZRC _ BDP (multiple); male, Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve, SB1, 1°26›46.3»N, 103°43›49.9»E, 21-28 Nov 2012, J. Puniamoorthy et al. leg., mangroves, malaise trap, Reg. 29595, ZRC _ BDP0017502 ; Upper Thomson Road, 24 Oct 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _ ENT00048414 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. ANIC 32- 015989, Shattuck1345236804 (ANIC).</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916), Overbeck (1924) [both as Anochetus punctiventris]. Shattuck &amp; Slipinska (2012).</p><p>Localities. Kent Ridge Park; Labrador Nature Reserve; Nee Soon forest; Pulau Semakau; Pulau Ubin; Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve; Upper Thomson Road .</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Workers of this species were found in a garden, semi-urban parklands, young secondary forest and also Imperata cylindrica- dominated grassy scrub. Nests have been collected from dead twigs in leaf litter. Alates were collected from mangroves using malaise traps.</p><p>Remarks. This species is known to exhibit broad morphological variation between different populations, and may actually comprise a complex of multiple sibling species. In this checklist, we tentatively treat all morphological variants of this potential species complex in the ZRC as conspecific, bearing in mind the possibility that these might be separated into different species should more convincing empirical evidence be made available in future.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833127FFD7FF67793CFB59FD37	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833127FFD7FD4B78DCFCC3FB57.text	03B687833127FFD7FD4B78DCFCC3FB57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anochetus incultus Brown 1978	<div><p>Anochetus incultus Brown, 1978</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. ANIC 32- 016921, Shattuck1345241729 (ANIC).</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species is associated with primary or old/mature secondary forest in Singapore. Individuals were found in rotting logs or leaf litter.</p><p>Remarks. At the time of writing, this species is known from only one specific locality in Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833127FFD7FD4B78DCFCC3FB57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833127FFD7FD4B7EFCFC6CF8F7.text	03B687833127FFD7FD4B7EFCFC6CF8F7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anochetus muzziolii Menozzi 1932	<div><p>Anochetus muzziolii Menozzi, 1932</p><p>Material examined. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.77653&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.40469" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.77653/lat 1.40469)">Mandai</a>, 1.40469, 103.77653, 6 Mar 2016, M.K.L. Wong leg., ZRC _ ENT00000706 ; Upper Seletar Reservoir, 4 Oct 2020, G.W. Yong leg., GY-SG20-001, ZRC _ ENT00028566 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Mandai; Upper Seletar Reservoir.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was collected from either mature or young secondary forest, often close to trailside, on one occasion on dead wood.</p><p>Remarks. A member of the A. rugosus species group, A. muzziolii is largely distinguished by its smooth and shiny pronotum, and relatively short mandible.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833127FFD7FD4B7EFCFC6CF8F7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833126FFD6FF0F7A9CFED9FCF7.text	03B687833126FFD6FF0F7A9CFED9FCF7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anochetus rugosus (Smith 1857)	<div><p>Anochetus rugosus (Smith, 1857)</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Holotype, Singapore, A.R. Wallace leg. (OUMNH).</p><p>Literature. Type – Smith (1857) [as Odontomachus rugosus].</p><p>Localities. Unknown.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Unknown in the Singapore context.</p><p>Remarks. Type locality in Singapore, specifics unknown. The only Smith collection specimen of Anochetus rugosus in OUMNH – assumed to be the holotype – bears two locality labels: ‘SAR’ and ‘Gilolo’, which refer to localities outside Singapore. It is speculated that these labels may have been switched with the original type label some time after 1857 (Bolton 2021).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833126FFD6FF0F7A9CFED9FCF7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833126FFD6FF0F791CFE91FB97.text	03B687833126FFD6FF0F791CFE91FB97.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anochetus tua Brown 1978	<div><p>Anochetus tua Brown, 1978</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. ANIC 32- 016967, Shattuck1345241965 (ANIC).</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Nee Soon Swamp Forest</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was found in swamp forest, collected from leaf mould berlesate.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833126FFD6FF0F791CFE91FB97	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833126FFD6FF0F7EBCFCD3FD58.text	03B687833126FFD6FF0F7EBCFCD3FD58.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Brachyponera luteipes (Mayr 1862)	<div><p>Brachyponera luteipes (Mayr, 1862)</p><p>Material examined. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, plot III-2, 28 Apr 2016, D.J. Court leg., pitfall trap, ZRC _ ENT00048448 ; Mandai forest, 7 Jun 2018, W. Wang leg., ZRC _ ENT00047995 ; queen and workers, Mandai, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.78319&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.40842" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.78319/lat 1.40842)">Northern Node</a>, 1.40842, 103.78319, 54 m a.s.l., 25 Jul 2019, J. Tan &amp; S. Tang leg., JTST-MIS-009, ZRC _ ENT00013871 ; same locality as previous, 4 Sep 2019, J. Tan &amp; N. Chin leg., WW-SG19-008, ZRC _ ENT00027941 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Harbourfront, Jul-Aug 2014, J.K. Wetterer leg., vials #386, 469 471 (JKWC).</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; Harbourfront; Mandai.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was mainly found in old or mature secondary forests in Singapore, sometimes at bases of trees at forest or trail edges. Nests were collected from fallen rotting wood or large branches, sometimes in root-soil-substrate matrices at bases of trees.</p><p>Remarks. Morphologically very similar to the presumably widespread invasive B. chinensis, B. luteipes may be differentiated from the former based on characters illustrated in Yashiro et al. (2010). An affiliated unnamed species, currently identified as Brachyponera sp.1 .of.SKY (= Pachycondyla sp. 28.of.SKY), was found to be common across secondary forests and seemingly more widespread than B. luteipes .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833126FFD6FF0F7EBCFCD3FD58	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833126FFD6FD7378FCFB2DFB58.text	03B687833126FFD6FD7378FCFB2DFB58.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Brachyponera obscurans (Walker 1859)	<div><p>Brachyponera obscurans (Walker, 1859)</p><p>Material examined. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.77458&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.30622" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.77458/lat 1.30622)">Alate</a> queen and male, University Town (NUS), 1.30622, 103.77458, 12-19 Aug 2015, M.S. Foo &amp; W. Wang leg. , malaise trap, ZRC _ BDP0042558, 42561 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Wang et al. (2018a).</p><p>Localities. University Town (NUS)</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Alates of this species were collected from a malaise trap in cultivated grassy scrub, in an urban setting.</p><p>Remarks. At the time of writing, the only records of this species in Singapore are that of winged alates collected using malaise traps.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833126FFD6FD7378FCFB2DFB58	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833126FFD1FD737EC3FE4DFDB7.text	03B687833126FFD1FD737EC3FE4DFDB7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Buniapone amblyops (Emery 1887)	<div><p>Buniapone amblyops (Emery, 1887)</p><p>Material examined. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, plot III-2, 19 Apr 2016, D.J. Court leg., pitfall trap, ZRC _ ENT00048455 ; same locality as previous, below Kruing (sic) Hut, 4 Oct 1973, D.H. Murphy leg., A340-1, ZRC _ ENT00047941 ; Kent Ridge scrub, 15 Jan 1981, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _ ENT00047942 ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.99443&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.41662" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.99443/lat 1.41662)">Pulau Ubin</a>, 1.41662, 103.99443, 4 Dec 2016, G.W. Yong &amp; M.K.L. Wong leg., ZRC _HYM_0001090; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.80113&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.3946" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.80113/lat 1.3946)">Seletar Trail</a>, 1.3946, 103.80113, 28 Aug 2015, M.K.L. Wong leg., ZRC _ ENT00000708 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. CASENT0172431, A64-9 (ANIC).</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916), Overbeck (1924) [both as Pseudoponera amblyops]; Yong et al. (2017).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; Kent Ridge; Pulau Ubin; Seletar Trail.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species is associated mostly with primary or old/mature secondary forests in Singapore, including disturbed secondary forest fragments or scrubland in semi-urban settings. Individuals were sometimes found under stones, planked steps, and imbedded bricks on a rock or sandy paths in mature secondary forest or scrub.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833126FFD1FD737EC3FE4DFDB7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833121FFD1FF6778A3FDBEFC17.text	03B687833121FFD1FF6778A3FDBEFC17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Centromyrmex feae subsp. greeni Forel 1901	<div><p>Centromyrmex feae greeni Forel, 1901</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Syntype – CASENT0907211, ANTC27417 (MHNG) .</p><p>Literature. Type – Forel (1901).</p><p>Localities. Unknown.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Unknown in the Singapore context.</p><p>Remarks. At the time of writing, this subspecies is known from Singapore only by its type series. Type locality in Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833121FFD1FF6778A3FDBEFC17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833121FFD1FF677E03FDF9F8F7.text	03B687833121FFD1FF677E03FDF9F8F7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Centromyrmex hamulatus (Karavaiev 1925)	<div><p>Centromyrmex hamulatus (Karavaiev, 1925)</p><p>Material examined. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, 2016, W. Wang leg., ZRC _ ENT00028294; Nee Soon, 23 May 1973, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _HYM_0000762-763; alate queen, Pulau Ubin West, 21-28 May 2019, D. Yap et al. leg., mangroves, malaise trap, Reg. 5242, ZRC _ ENT00047844; Sime Road forest, 4 Apr 1975, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _HYM_0000893-894 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; Nee Soon; Pulau Ubin West; Sime Road forest.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species seems mostly associated with primary or old/mature secondary forests in Singapore, including dry secondary forest adjacent to swamp forest. It is considered subterranean, and individuals could be found in soil at bases of trees, under logs, inside rotting logs and termite mounds, suggesting a possible termitophagous nature of this species. An alate queen was collected from a malaise trap set up in mangroves.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833121FFD1FF677E03FDF9F8F7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833121FFD1FD4B7AE3FB13FC57.text	03B687833121FFD1FD4B7AE3FB13FC57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cryptopone butteli Forel 1913	<div><p>Cryptopone butteli Forel, 1913</p><p>Material examined. Mandai Lake Road, buffer area ( Northern Node), 1°24’36.5”N, 103°47’04.0”, 53m, 18 Jul 2019, J.S. Tan &amp; N.L. Chin leg., Winkler extraction, ZRC _ ENT00028295 ; Nee Soon forest, 24 Dec 2014, W. Wang leg., ZRC _ ENT00027965 ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.79952&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.39097" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.79952/lat 1.39097)">Seletar Trail</a>, 1.39097, 103.79952, 7 Dec 2015, M.K.L. Wong leg., Winkler extraction, ZRC _ ENT00000709 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. ANIC 32- 017898-17899, Berlno3; ANIC 32-017067, Shattuck1345242298; ANIC 32-017084, Shattuck1345242360 (all ANIC).</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah forest; Mandai Lake Road; Nee Soon forest; (near) Peirce Reservoir; Seletar Trail.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was found in primary or old/mature secondary forests in Singapore, including swamp forest. Typically collected from forest leaf litter via Winkler or Berlese extractions, also in soil and rotting logs.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833121FFD1FD4B7AE3FB13FC57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833121FFD1FD4B79C3FB4CF8F7.text	03B687833121FFD1FD4B79C3FB4CF8F7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cryptopone testacea Emery 1893	<div><p>Cryptopone testacea Emery, 1893</p><p>Material examined. Mandai Lake Road, buffer area ( Northern Node), 1°24’36.5”N, 103°47’04.0”, 53m, 18 Jul 2019, J.S. Tan &amp; N.L. Chin leg., Winkler extraction, ZRC _ ENT00028296 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Mandai Lake Road</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Individuals of this species were found in leaf litter and upper soil substrate from mature secondary forest.</p><p>Remarks. At the time of writing, this species is only known from one locality in Singapore.</p><p>Cryptopone testacea was first described from Sri Lanka, and currently appears to have a broad geographic distribution from the Malagasy region to Micronesia. Multiple species endemic to different regions have been synonymized under C. testacea, albeit with subtle morphological differences observed between the congeners. It remains possible that ‘ C. testacea ’ could comprise a complex of morphologically-similar species, but this issue may only be resolved with DNA evidence.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833121FFD1FD4B79C3FB4CF8F7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833120FFD0FF0F7AE3FEE8FA17.text	03B687833120FFD0FF0F7AE3FEE8FA17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diacamma geometricum (Smith 1857)	<div><p>Diacamma geometricum (Smith, 1857)</p><p>Material examined. Mandai Lake Road, buffer area ( Northern Node), 1°24’36.5”N, 103°47’04.0”, 53 m, 18 Jul 2019, J.S. Tan &amp; N.L. Chin leg., ZRC _ ENT00047849 ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.79237&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.41263" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.79237/lat 1.41263)">Mandai Road</a>, plot 1, 1.41263, 103.79237, 21 Nov 2016, G.W. Yong et al. leg., M1D17GH2031, ZRC _ ENT00047840 ; Sime Road forest, 2 Jan 1978, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _ HYM_0000812; locality unknown, 14 Apr 1993, Sk. Yamane leg., ZRC _HYM_0000421- 422; MacRitchie Reservoir, 6 Jan 2014, Sk. Yamane leg. (SKYC) .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Holotype - CASENT0901342, ANTC20781 (OUMNH) [as Ponera geometrica]. Non-types - CASENT0916122 -916123, ANTC43588 - ANTC43589 (CASC); Harbourfront, Marang Trail, 4 Aug 2014, J.K. Wetterer leg., vial #473 (JKWC); Punggol Point, 30 Jul 2014, J.K. Wetterer leg., vial #399 (JKWC). In Laciny et al. (2015) – McRitchie (sic) Reservoir, reserve area, 23 Oct 2003, H. Zettel leg. (ZCW).</p><p>Literature. Type – Smith (1857) [as Ponera geometrica]. Viehmeyer (1916), Overbeck (1924) [both as D. tritschleri]; Laciny et al. (2015); Zettel et al. (2016).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Hill; Harbourfront; MacRitchie Reservoir; Mandai Lake Road; Mandai Road; Punggol Point; Seletar Reservoir; Sime Road forest; Thompson Road.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species is associated mostly with old/mature secondary forests in Singapore, also sometimes in young secondary forest. Individuals have been collected from leaf litter and upper soil substrate.</p><p>Remarks. Type locality in Singapore. Diacamma geometricum was initially considered a synonym of D. rugosum (see Wilson 1958), but was revived/restored to species by Laciny et al. (2015).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833120FFD0FF0F7AE3FEE8FA17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833120FFD0FD737AE3FB33FAB8.text	03B687833120FFD0FD737AE3FB33FAB8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diacamma pallidum (Smith 1858)	<div><p>Diacamma pallidum (Smith, 1858)</p><p>Material examined. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, 13 Dec 1995, H.K. Lua et al. leg., NS 212C, ZRC _ ENT00000352; same locality as previous, Hindhede Drive, 25 Dec 1989, H.K. Lua leg., ZRC _ ENT00000241; males and workers, National University of Singapore campus (Clementi/Kent Ridge, multiple sites), Apr-Sep 2015, M.S. Foo &amp; W. Wang leg., malaise trap, ZRC _BDP (multiple); Upper Peirce Reservoir, 10 Jan 2014, Sk. Yamane leg., SG14-SKY-44, ZRC _HYM_0000484 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Wang et al. (2018a).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; National University of Singapore campus (Clementi/ Kent Ridge); Upper Peirce Reservoir.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was found in both mature and young secondary forests broadly variable levels of disturbance and degradation, including disturbed secondary forest fragments in urban or semi-urban settings. In contiguous mature secondary forest, nests were found in rotting wood. Male alates were also collected from malaise traps set up in cultivated grassy scrub in urban settings.</p><p>Remarks. Most verified records of this species comprise of males collected via malaise traps; the original description of the species by Smith (1858) was also only of the male. This species is often assumed to be D. rugosum at first glance, but differs from the latter both morphologically (differences may only be visible under the microscope) and in terms of overall size — D. pallidum is generally smaller in size relative to D. rugosum .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833120FFD0FD737AE3FB33FAB8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833120FFD3FD737FA3FDC1FC77.text	03B687833120FFD3FD737FA3FDC1FC77.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diacamma rugosum (Le Guillou 1842)	<div><p>Diacamma rugosum (Le Guillou, 1842)</p><p>Material examined. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.99317&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.412604" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.99317/lat 1.412604)">Lower Peirce Reservoir Road</a>, 21 Jul 1990, H.K. Lua leg., ZRC _ HYM_0000072; Pulau Ubin, 1.41662, 103.99443, 4 Dec 2016, G.W. Yong &amp; M.K.L. Wong leg., ZRC _HYM_0001093; same locality, collectors, and collection date as previous, Jalan Sam Heng, 1.412604, 103.99317, ZRC _HYM_0001094 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Forel (1907, 1911) [as Diacamma rugosum birmanum; see Remarks]. Tan &amp; Corlett (2012).</p><p>Localities. Central Catchment Nature Reserve; Lower Peirce Reservoir Road; Pulau Ubin.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species is associated mostly with old/mature secondary forests in Singapore, often disturbed forest fragments in semi-urban settings, less frequently in primary forest.</p><p>Remarks. At the time of writing, there is much uncertainty surrounding the species D. rugosum and the taxonomic validity of its 21 valid subspecies. Given the taxonomic uncertainties at the time of writing, we therefore considered all subspecies of D. rugosum (e.g. D. rugosum birmanum) as conspecific to the species for the purposes of this checklist. We recognize the possibility that at least some of these subspecies might be raised to species status in future, which should entail a revision of Diacamma species in this checklist.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833120FFD3FD737FA3FDC1FC77	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833123FFD3FF6779E3FD9AFB17.text	03B687833123FFD3FF6779E3FD9AFB17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diacamma vagans (Smith 1860)	<div><p>Diacamma vagans (Smith, 1860)</p><p>Material examined. Kent Ridge, 1 Jun 1985, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _HYM_0000814-815 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Emery (1893).</p><p>Localities. Kent Ridge</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Individuals of this species were found in grassland or scrub at the fringes of secondary forest in Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833123FFD3FF6779E3FD9AFB17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833123FFD2FF677F03FDB8FB57.text	03B687833123FFD2FF677F03FDB8FB57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ectomomyrmex leeuwenhoeki (Forel 1896)	<div><p>Ectomomyrmex leeuwenhoeki (Forel, 1896)</p><p>Material examined. Worker and queen, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.77766&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.34772" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.77766/lat 1.34772)">Bukit Timah Nature Reserve</a>, 1.34772, 103.77766, 30 Nov 2015, M.K.L. Wong leg., ZRC _ ENT00000711-712 ; same locality as previous, plot II-I, 15 Aug 2011, J. Koh leg., Winkler extraction, ZRC _ ENT00000888; same locality as previous, BT04, 1.35342, 103.7782, 19 Jan 2017, W. Wang leg., WW-SG17-010, ZRC _HYM_0000583; queen, same locality and collector as previous, near BT02, 1.35599, 103.77397, 8 Aug 2017, ZRC _ HYM_0001746; queen and worker, same locality and collector as previous, near BT01, 7 Jun 2017, ZRC _ ENT00014153; same locality and collector as previous, BT09, 1.35127, 103.78161, 5 Jul 2017, ZRC _ ENT00014154; Central Catchment Nature Reserve, 16 Feb 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _ ENT00047846 ; same locality as previous, 10 Aug 2011, E.J.Y. Soh leg., ZRC _ ENT00048001; Lower Peirce Reservoir, 7 May 2017, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _ ENT00048420 ; same locality as previous, Forest B, 10 Aug 1990, collector unknown, ZRC _ ENT00000205; same locality as previous, Forest A, 7 Aug 1990, collector unknown, ZRC _ ENT00000127; Mandai Lake Road, Northern Node, 1°24’36.5”N, 103°47’04.0”, 18 Jul 2019, J.S. Tan &amp; N.L. Chin leg., Winkler extraction, ZRC _ ENT00028287-28288 ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.79809&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.41054" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.79809/lat 1.41054)">Mandai Road</a>, 1.41054, 103.79809, 5 Dec 2016, G.W. Yong et al. leg., M1D5GH2474, ZRC _ ENT00047845 ; queen and worker, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.80208&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.38252" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.80208/lat 1.38252)">Nee Soon Swamp Forest</a>, 1.38252, 103.80208, 25 Sep 2017, W. Wang leg., NS_W1, Winkler extraction, ZRC _ ENT00027909 ; same locality as previous, dry plot 301, 1.38043, 103.8033, 22 Aug 2019, W. Wang leg.,WW-SG19-002, ZRC _ ENT00013872; alate queens and males, same location as previous, 2012-2013, J. Puniamoorthy et al. leg., malaise trap, ZRC _BDP (multiple) .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916), Overbeck (1924) [both as Pachycondyla (Ectomomyrmex) leeuwenhoeki].</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; Bukit Timah Road; Central Catchment Nature Reserve; Lower Peirce Reservoir; Mandai Lake Road; Mandai Road; Nee Soon Swamp Forest.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species is associated mostly with primary or old/mature secondary forests in Singapore, including swamp forest (drier sections). The ants have also been found in abandoned plantation and native-dominated secondary forests. Nests were found in soil substrate matrices under dead wood, also in rotting wood or branches on forest floors. Individuals were often collected from leaf litter and in soil at bases of living trees.</p><p>Remarks. Amongst material examined for E. leeuwenhoeki, we observed substantial variation across different samples of workers. These variable features include: petiole shape (wider and shorter in dorsal view for some individuals), strength of sculpture on petiolar node (fovea generally weaker in some individuals), and relative dimensions of head. Variation, however, is subtle and can occur between intranidal workers, which sometimes present a gradation of intermediate morphological states.</p><p>Some of the variable states we observed are apparently diagnostic, according to original descriptions, for the two subspecies of E. leeuwenhoeki – E. leeuwenhoeki jacobsoni (Forel, 1915) and E. leeuwenhoeki sumatrensis (Forel, 1901) . But these traits seem too unstable, at least based on local samples, to reliably differentiate between E. leeuwenhoeki and its subspecies.</p><p>At the time of writing, we are unable to assess the validity of both subspecies – no access to type material including type images of jacobsoni – against E. leeuwenhoeki . For now, we choose to err on the side of caution and refrain from making definitive conclusions on species status for the two forms. It remains possible that the two subspecies might be synonymized under E. leeuwenhoeki, provided more compelling evidence over a wider geographic range arises in future.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833123FFD2FF677F03FDB8FB57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833122FFD2FF0F7EC3FBC5FE37.text	03B687833122FFD2FF0F7EC3FBC5FE37.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ectomomyrmex overbecki (Viehmeyer 1916)	<div><p>Ectomomyrmex overbecki (Viehmeyer, 1916)</p><p>Material examined. Queen, locality unknown, 1994, collector unknown, NS 136A, ZRC _ ENT00000277 ; Pulau Ubin (OBS area), 28 May 2019, W. Wang leg., ZRC _ ENT00007921 ; Mandai Road, 1.40869, 103.80138, 19-21 Dec 2016, G.W. Yong et al. leg., M1D3GPc20149, ZRC _ ENT00047847</p><p>Material not physically examined. Types – CASENT0915272, ANTC40433 (NHMB); FOCOL0958-961 (ZMHB). Non-type – FOCOL0364 (DEIC) [as cotype of unpublished ‘ Bothroponera helleri ’] .</p><p>Literature. Type – Viehmeyer (1916); Overbeck (1924) [both as Pachycondyla (Ectomomyrmex) overbecki].</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Road [type]; Mandai Road; Pulau Ubin.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. The type series of this species was found nesting between the roots of a tree in loose earth in a garden. Individuals were also collected from disturbed native-dominated secondary forest, on one occasion in a rotting log on the ground.</p><p>Remarks. Type locality in Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833122FFD2FF0F7EC3FBC5FE37	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833122FFD2FD737823FB4EFB57.text	03B687833122FFD2FD737823FB4EFB57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Emeryopone buttelreepeni (Forel 1912)	<div><p>Emeryopone buttelreepeni (Forel, 1912)</p><p>Material examined. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, Jun-Oct 1968, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _ ENT00027946-27948 ; same locality as previous, BT07, 1.35499, 103.78167, ZRC _HYM_0000350; queen and workers, Nee Soon Swamp Forest, 2 Oct 2017, W. Wang leg., Winkler extraction, WT_FL1/ NSW2, ZRC _ ENT00000976 ; same locality as previous, 1.39932, 103.80954, 13 Sep 2015, M.K.L. Wong leg., Berlese extraction, ZRC _ ENT00000713 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Baroni Urbani (1975) [as Belonopelta buttelreepeni].</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; Nee Soon Swamp Forest.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was found in primary or old/mature secondary forests in Singapore, including swamp forest. Workers were collected from soil and leaf/forest litter.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833122FFD2FD737823FB4EFB57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833122FFDDFD737EC3FE1FFB77.text	03B687833122FFDDFD737EC3FE1FFB77.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euponera malayana (Wheeler 1929)	<div><p>Euponera malayana (Wheeler, 1929)</p><p>Material examined. Queen and worker, Mandai Besar S 3 Mangrove, 5 Aug 1987, S. Teo leg., ZRC _ ENT00048803-48804; males, Prince George’s Park Residences (NUS), May-Sep 2015, M.S. Foo &amp; W. Wang leg., ZRC _BDP multiple .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Wang et al. (2018a) [as Euponera sp.1 .of.WW – but see Remarks].</p><p>Localities. Mandai Besar Mangrove; Prince George’s Park Residences (NUS).</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. A queen and worker of this species were found in an abandoned mud lobster ( Thalassina sp.) mound in mangroves. Males were identified from a malaise trap sample from a disturbed secondary forest fragment, in a semi-urban setting.</p><p>Remarks. This genus appears similar to Ectomomyrmex, but can be most easily distinguished from the latter by the presence of basal mandibular pits (absent in Ectomomyrmex).</p><p>Euponera malayana can be distinguished from most other congeners in Southeast Asia by its relative smaller size (TL 4.3-4.4 mm), indistinct longitudinal subocular groove, and near-trapezoidal petiole in profile view with anterior face weakly convex (the latter condition more evident in dorsal view).</p><p>Based on observations of males of other Euponera species and their worker nestmates, we deduced that Euponera sp.1 .of.WW mentioned in Wang et al. (2018a) should be E. malayana . The male specimens mentioned in the study correspond to those encoded ‘ZRC_BDP’ under ‘Material examined’. We observed that petioles of Euponera males tend to resemble those of conspecific workers, albeit smaller in size with weaker edges. Males of Euponera sp.1 .of.WW seem relatively smaller than other congeneric males, and have short, subtriangular petioles with rounded apices, much like a shrunken version of the worker’s petiole.</p><p>Thus, we tentatively treat these males as E. malayana, but this assessment may change in future if full colony series of the species are collected, and our initial deductions are proven otherwise.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833122FFDDFD737EC3FE1FFB77	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783312DFFDDFF677EE3FB2DFDD7.text	03B68783312DFFDDFF677EE3FB2DFDD7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euponera sharpi Forel 1901	<div><p>Euponera sharpi Forel, 1901</p><p>Material examined. Queen and workers, Namly Avenue, 28 Apr 1985, D.H. Murphy leg., DHM-SG85- Eup 1, ZRC _ ENT00027961; Pulau Ubin, 7 Jan 2014, Sk. Yamane leg., ZRC _ HYM_0000450; Upper Seletar Reservoir, 4 Oct 2020, G.W. Yong leg., GY-SG20-002, ZRC _ ENT00028567 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Syntype – CASENT0907284, ANTC27598 (MHNG) .</p><p>Literature. Type – Forel (1901)[as Euponera (Pseudoponera) sharpi]. Viehmeyer (1916), Overbeck (1924) [both as Euponera (Trachymesopus) sharpi].</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Road [type]; Namly Avenue; Pulau Ubin; Upper Seletar Reservoir .</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was found in both young and mature secondary forests of varying levels of disturbance in Singapore, including disturbed wasteland secondary forest fragments or scrub in semi-urban settings. Individuals could be found in soil around roots of old fallen trees, or under rocks. Colonies were sometimes observed living together with termites.</p><p>Remarks. Type locality in Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783312DFFDDFF677EE3FB2DFDD7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783312DFFDDFD4B787CFBFDFC18.text	03B68783312DFFDDFD4B787CFBFDFC18.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Harpegnathos venator (Smith 1858)	<div><p>Harpegnathos venator (Smith, 1858)</p><p>Material examined. Sime Road, 30 Dec 1974, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _ ENT00007406 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Davidson et al. (2008).</p><p>Localities. MacRitchie; Sime Road.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species is associated with primary or mature secondary forests in Singapore, in fringe forest or near forest edges. Individuals were found foraging on the forest floor; nests were observed to be underground in soil with funnel entrances.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783312DFFDDFD4B787CFBFDFC18	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783312DFFDDFD4B7E03FB17F9D7.text	03B68783312DFFDDFD4B7E03FB17F9D7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hypoponera confinis (Roger 1860)	<div><p>Hypoponera confinis (Roger, 1860)</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Forel (1912) [as Ponera confinis].</p><p>Localities. Unknown.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Unknown in the Singapore context.</p><p>Remarks. At the time of writing, this species is known from Singapore only based on a single literature record, in contrast with its three original subspecies where both literature and physical records are available. We cannot overrule the possibility that this single record may actually correspond to any one of the three subspecies (two raised to species in this paper) later described from Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783312DFFDDFD4B7E03FB17F9D7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783312CFFDCFF0F7AE3FD91FD97.text	03B68783312CFFDCFF0F7AE3FD91FD97.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hypoponera confinis subsp. epinotalis (Viehmeyer 1916)	<div><p>Hypoponera confinis epinotalis (Viehmeyer, 1916)</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Types – CASENT0907306, ANTC27772 (MHNG); FOCOL0358-359 (DEIC); FOCOL0989-991 (ZMHB) .</p><p>Literature. Type – Viehmeyer (1916); Overbeck (1924) [both as Ponera confinis epinotalis].</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Road [type].</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Workers of the type series were found under a flower pot in a garden.</p><p>Remarks. Type locality in Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783312CFFDCFF0F7AE3FD91FD97	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783312CFFDCFF0F7883FBE5FBB8.text	03B68783312CFFDCFF0F7883FBE5FBB8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hypoponera javana (Forel 1905)	<div><p>Hypoponera javana (Forel, 1905) stat. n.</p><p>Ponera confinis var. javana Forel, 1905: 6 (w.q.)</p><p>Combination in Hypoponera: Bolton, 1995: 215.</p><p>Subspecies of Hypoponera confinis: Forel, 1907a: 17; Forel, 1911a: 194; Emery,con 1911: 90; Wheeler, 1919: 57; Wheeler, 1924: 242; Wheeler &amp; Chapman, 1925: 69; Wheeler, 1937: 21; Chapman &amp; Capco, 1951: 69; Baltazar, 1966: 246; Bolton, 1995: 215; Pfeiffer et al., 2011: 56.</p><p>Material examined. Kent Ridge, 25 Apr 1985, D.H. Murphy leg., DHM-SG85- Hypo 4, ZRC _ ENT00027998 ; Mandai Lake Road, Northern Node, 1°24’36.5”N, 103°47’04.0”, 53 m, 18 Jul 2019, J.S. Tan &amp; N.L. Chin leg., Winkler extraction, ZRC _ ENT00028303 ; queen and workers, Namly Avenue (kampong), 28 Apr 1985, D.H. Murphy leg., DHM-SG85- Hypo 3, ZRC _ ENT00027997 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Forel (1907) [as Ponera confinis javana].</p><p>Localities. Kent Ridge; Mandai Lake Road; Namly Avenue.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was found in young or mature secondary forest, often disturbed fragments in semi-urban settings close to man-made infrastructure. In one instance, the ants were found nesting under brick. Usually, individuals were collected from leaf litter and topsoil substrate.</p><p>Remarks. Hypoponera javana was originally described as a subspecies of H. confinis (then known as ‘ Ponera confinis’). Workers of both species appear very similar, but can be distinguished based on the following ( H. confinis characters in parentheses): 1) head wider with broadly convex sides, slightly narrowed anteriorly (head less wide with almost parallel sides, not narrowed anteriorly), 2) antennal scapes reaching posterior margin of head (antennal scapes not reaching posterior margin of head), 3) petiole shorter in dorsal view, thinner in profile (petiole longer and nearly reniform in dorsal view, thicker in profile), 4) propodeal dorsum relatively short, not much longer than wide, distinctly shorter than declivitous slope in profile (propodeal dorsum long, distinctly longer than wide, as long as or slightly longer than propodeal declivity).</p><p>The queen of H. javana can also be separated from that of H. confinis by its more distinctly angulate propodeal junction and longer, more sharply truncate propodeal slope.</p><p>Hypoponera javana closely resembles Hypoponera singaporensis Viehmeyer, 1916 stat. n., which was also originally described as a subspecies of H. confinis . Differences between the two species are discussed under Remarks for H. singaporensis .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783312CFFDCFF0F7883FBE5FBB8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783312CFFDCFD737EA3FCFDF957.text	03B68783312CFFDCFD737EA3FCFDF957.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hypoponera malayana (Wheeler 1929)	<div><p>Hypoponera malayana (Wheeler, 1929)</p><p>Material examined. Mandai Lake Road, Northern Node, 1°24’36.5”N, 103°47’04.0”, 53 m, 18 Jul 2019, J.S. Tan &amp; N.L. Chin leg., Winkler extraction, ZRC _ ENT00048408 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Mandai Lake Road</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Individuals of this species were collected in leaf litter and upper soil substrate from mature secondary forest.</p><p>Remarks. At the time of writing, since both type images and physical specimens of this species were unavailable for comparison, identities of ZRC material examined were deduced based on the original species description by Wheeler (1929).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783312CFFDCFD737EA3FCFDF957	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783312FFFDFFF677AE3FD00FB97.text	03B68783312FFFDFFF677AE3FD00FB97.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hypoponera pygmaea (Forel 1907)	<div><p>Hypoponera pygmaea (Forel, 1907)</p><p>Material examined. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.77914&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.34913" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.77914/lat 1.34913)">Bukit Timah Nature Reserve</a>, BT 03, 1.34913, 103.77914, 17 May 2017, W. Wang leg., WW-SG17-056, ZRC _ ENT00028316 ; Nee Soon forest, 26 Apr 2018, W. Wang leg., ZRC _ ENT00047964 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; Nee Soon forest.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was found mostly in old secondary forest, on one occasion in soil at the base of a large tree.</p><p>Remarks. This tiny species (&lt;1.5 mm) can be distinguished from most other congeners by its minute size and distinctly long antennal club. The original description states that the ‘last article of the antenna’, presumably the apical segment of the club, is about as long as the combined length of its preceding nine segments. In local specimens, we observed the apical antennal segment to be slightly shorter. Workers of Hypoponera pygmaea are also similar to those of another minute species – Hypoponera butteli (Forel, 1913), but can be differentiated by their shorter scapes which are distant from posterior margin of head when lain back. In H. butteli, the scapes nearly reach the posterior margin of head.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783312FFFDFFF677AE3FD00FB97	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783312FFFDFFF677E83FBEFFB97.text	03B68783312FFFDFFF677E83FBEFFB97.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hypoponera singaporensis (Viehmeyer 1916)	<div><p>Hypoponera singaporensis (Viehmeyer, 1916) stat. n.</p><p>Ponera confinis var. singaporensis Viehmeyer, 1916: 115 (w.q.)</p><p>Combination in Hypoponera: Bolton, 1995: 216.</p><p>Subspecies of Hypoponera confinis: Chapman &amp; Capco, 1951: 69; Bolton, 1995: 216.</p><p>Material examined. Labrador beach, 29 Apr 1985, D.H. Murphy leg., DHM-SG85- Hypo 1, ZRC _ ENT00027995 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Types – FOCOL0356-357 (DEIC); queen and workers, FOCOL0985-988 (ZMHB) .</p><p>Literature. Type – Viehmeyer (1916). Overbeck (1924) [both as Ponera confinis singaporensis].</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Road [type]; Labrador beach.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Type specimens of this species were found in a garden, specifically in the wet pulp of a large fungus on a termite-infested tree, also in the rotten wood of a decaying branch. Individuals were also collected from a considerably rocky beach, in close proximity to coastal beach forest.</p><p>Remarks. Type locality in Singapore. Originally described as a subspecies of H. confinis, workers of H. singaporensis can be differentiated from those of the former by points (1) – (3) mentioned in Remarks under H. javana . In addition, H. singaporensis workers are darker in colour and visibly more shiny than those of H. confinis . The propodeal junction in H. singaporensis workers is also less sharply angular and more ill-defined than that of H. confinis, because of a slightly bulging sclerite.</p><p>Hypoponera singaporensis can be distinguished from H. javana based on the following ( H. javana traits in parentheses): 1) in workers, propodeum distinctly longer than wide, propodeal dorsum as long as or slightly longer than declivitous slope in profile (propodeal dorsum relatively shorter, not much longer than wide, propodeal dorsum shorter than declivitous slope), 2) in queens, propodeal junction mirrors that of workers, rounded and ill-defined (propodeal junction distinctly angulate and well-defined).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783312FFFDFFF677E83FBEFFB97	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783312FFFDEFD4B7E83FDB0FE17.text	03B68783312FFFDEFD4B7E83FDB0FE17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hypoponera truncata (Smith 1860)	<div><p>Hypoponera truncata (Smith, 1860)</p><p>Material examined. Nee Soon Swamp Forest, 17 Dec 2021, W.N. Lam et al. leg., ZRC _ ENT00057832 – 57833 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Nee Soon Swamp Forest</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was found in freshwater swamp forest, collected from leaf litter and soil debris.</p><p>Remarks. Hypoponera truncata was first described based on a holotype queen (Smith 1860). At the time of writing, both reliablyidentified worker images and physical specimens of this species were unavailable for comparison. Thus, the identities of ZRC material examined (all workers) were deduced based on the original worker description by Forel (1905), and the holotype queen image on AntWeb. These specimens should be considered Hypoponera truncata sensu lato .</p><p>This blackish species resembles Hypoponera elliptica (Forel, 1900) from Australia, but is generally smaller (worker TL 2.7-3.1 mm, see Forel 1905), has longer antennal scapes that visibly exceed the posterior margin of head, more strongly convex sides of head, and shorter propodeal dorsum.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783312FFFDEFD4B7E83FDB0FE17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783312EFFDEFF0F7802FDF6FB57.text	03B68783312EFFDEFF0F7802FDF6FB57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hypoponera zwaluwenburgi (Wheeler 1933)	<div><p>Hypoponera zwaluwenburgi (Wheeler, 1933)</p><p>Material examined. University campus ‘floodplain’ (sic), 14 Aug 1964, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _ ENT00027944 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. University campus (Bukit Timah)</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. It is not clearly understood from information on the original ZRC specimen label what type of habitat this species was associated with. A ‘flood plain’ is technically defined as an area of low-lying ground adjacent to a river or stream, formed largely of silt and sediment and subject to flooding. However, there were no known major water bodies within said university campus grounds at the time of specimen collection. The most we can infer from locality data is that the species was possibly found in a disturbed secondary forest fragment in an urban setting/matrix.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783312EFFDEFF0F7802FDF6FB57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783312EFFDEFF0F7EC2FE87F9D6.text	03B68783312EFFDEFF0F7EC2FE87F9D6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptogenys borneensis Wheeler 1919	<div><p>Leptogenys borneensis Wheeler, 1919</p><p>Material examined. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, 11 Sep 1967, D.H. Murphy leg., A82-13, DHM-SG67- Lep 2, ZRC _ ENT00047690 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Individuals were collected from primary or old/mature secondary forest in Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783312EFFDEFF0F7EC2FE87F9D6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783312EFFDEFD737AE3FB09FD38.text	03B68783312EFFDEFD737AE3FB09FD38.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptogenys chinensis (Mayr 1840)	<div><p>Leptogenys chinensis (Mayr, 1840)</p><p>Material examined. Mandai, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.7787&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.292389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.7787/lat 1.292389)">Bird Park Buffer</a>, 17 Jul 2019, J. Tan &amp; N. Chin leg., JTNC-MIS-003, ZRC _ ENT00013544; Prince George’s Park Residences, 1.292389, 103.7787, 3 Dec 2016, W. Wang leg., WW-SG16-013, ZRC _HYM_0000506 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Mandai; Prince George’s Park Residences (NUS).</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was found in disturbed secondary forest fragments in semi-urban settings. The ants were found nesting in fallen rotting branches or wood, in one instance alongside a Gnamptogenys nest.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783312EFFDEFD737AE3FB09FD38	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783312EFFDEFD737923FC14F9D7.text	03B68783312EFFDEFD737923FC14F9D7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptogenys diminuta (Smith 1857)	<div><p>Leptogenys diminuta (Smith, 1857)</p><p>Material examined. Males and workers, Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, 30 Sep 1964, D.H. Murphy, A-292-11, DHM-SG64- Lep 1, ZRC _ ENT00027949 ; same locality and collector as previous, Fern Valley contour, 14 May 1967, DHM-SG67- Lep 1, ZRC _ ENT00027950 ; same locality as previous, 1965, collector unknown, ZRC _ ENT00048393 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record (see Remarks).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species is associated with primary or mature secondary forests in Singapore. Individuals were found in rotting wood, under bark of fallen dead trees, or in leaf litter and soil debris.</p><p>Remarks. Supposed historical literature records of this species in Singapore (i.e., Viehmeyer 1916, Overbeck 1924) actually reported specimens from Gunong Angsi in Malaysia, not Singapore. This error has unfortunately been perpetuated in contemporary online databases and some secondary literature sources, e.g. Xu &amp; He (2015).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783312EFFDEFD737923FC14F9D7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833129FFD9FF677AE3FE33FD57.text	03B687833129FFD9FF677AE3FE33FD57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptogenys hemioptica Forel 1901	<div><p>Leptogenys hemioptica Forel, 1901</p><p>Material examined. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, 1 May 1967, D.H. Murphy leg., C2-3, DHM-SG67- Lep 3, ZRC _ ENT00047820 ; same locality as previous, plot II-2, 30 May 2016, D.J. Court leg., pitfall trap, ZRC _ ENT00048383; same locality as previous, 1 Apr 1967, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _HYM_0000680 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was found in either primary or old/mature secondary forest, typically on the ground or in forest litter (leaves and soil debris).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833129FFD9FF677AE3FE33FD57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833129FFD9FF6778C3FC1FFDD7.text	03B687833129FFD9FF6778C3FC1FFDD7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptogenys iridescens (Smith 1857)	<div><p>Leptogenys iridescens (Smith, 1857)</p><p>Material examined. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.77766&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.34772" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.77766/lat 1.34772)">Bukit Timah Nature Reserve</a>, 1.34772, 103.77766, collector unknown, 30 Nov 2015, ZRC _ ENT00000714 ; same locality as previous, 18 May 1969, D.H. Murphy leg., A24-10, ZRC _HYM_0000672; same locality and collector as previous, 4 October 1973, ZRC _HYM_0000676; same locality and collector as previous, 8 Jun 1967, ZRC _ HYM_0000874; Central Catchment Nature Reserve, MacRitchie, 10 Sep 2011, E.J.Y. Soh leg., ZRC _ ENT00000858; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.80645&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.3777" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.80645/lat 1.3777)">Nee Soon forest</a>, 1.37770, 103.80645, 3 Aug 2017, W.N. Lam leg., NS02_04, ZRC _ ENT00000859; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.80113&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.3946" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.80113/lat 1.3946)">Seletar Trail</a>, 1.3946, 103.80113, 28 Aug 2015, M.K.L. Wong leg., Berlese extraction, ZRC _ ENT00000715 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; Central Catchment Nature Reserve (MacRitchie); Nee Soon forest; Seletar Trail.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species is associated with primary or old/mature secondary forests in Singapore, including swamp forest where individuals were found in the lower pitcher contents of Nepenthes ampullaria . The ants were also collected from leaf litter, and on forest paths or trails.</p><p>Remarks. At the time of writing, most examined material in the ZRC were expert-identified to the ‘ L. iridescens complex’ – broad morphological variation was observed between different samples. Some specimens had characters that would more closely confer with L. mutabilis sensu lato (W. Wang 2021, pers. obs.). In the absence of more compelling empirical evidence supporting different species hypotheses, we tentatively treat these variable specimens as conspecific for the purposes of this checklist.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833129FFD9FF6778C3FC1FFDD7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833129FFD9FD4B7843FB01F957.text	03B687833129FFD9FD4B7843FB01F957.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptogenys kraepelini Forel 1905	<div><p>Leptogenys kraepelini Forel, 1905</p><p>Material examined. Alate queens, males, and workers, National University of Singapore (multiple sites), Apr-Sep 2015, M.S. Foo &amp; W. Wang leg., malaise trap, ZRC _BDP (multiple); National University of Singapore campus, 13 Oct 2016, P. Escoubas leg., Esco- SG16-SG005, ZRC _ ENT00047817-47819; Pulau Ubin, 15 Oct 2016, P. Escoubas leg., SG016-18, ZRC (uncatalogued); Seletar, 18 Oct 2016, same collector as previous, SG023, ZRC (uncatalogued) .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Singapore Botanic Gardens, 5 Aug 2014, J.K. Wetterer leg., vial #477 (JKWC).</p><p>Literature. Wang et al. (2018a).</p><p>Localities. National University of Singapore campus (Clementi/Kent Ridge); Pulau Ubin; Seletar; Singapore Botanic Gardens.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was often found mostly in disturbed secondary forest fragments in urban or semi-urban settings, including waste woodland forest. Numerous alates were collected from cultivated grass patches or scrubland in urban settings using malaise traps. Nests were sometimes found in fallen rotting wood.</p><p>Remarks. Broad morphological variation was observed between samples determined as L. kraepelini sensu lato, suggesting possible cryptic species or a species complex. Pending the availability of empirical evidence proving multiple species, for this checklist we tentatively treat all variants as conspecific.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833129FFD9FD4B7843FB01F957	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833128FFD8FF0F7AE3FE47FAB7.text	03B687833128FFD8FF0F7AE3FE47FAB7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptogenys mutabilis (Smith 1861)	<div><p>Leptogenys mutabilis (Smith, 1861)</p><p>Material examined. Lower Peirce Reservoir, 7 Aug 1990, collector unknown, ZRC _ ENT00000121, ZRC _ ENT00000126 ; same locality as previous, 7 May 2017, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _ ENT00048418; Mandai Lake Road, 5 Nov 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _ ENT00048423 ; male and workers, Mandai Road, 13 Jan 2016, G.W. Yong leg., GY-SG16- Lep 1, ZRC _ ENT00048407 ; Nee Soon Swamp Forest, 26 Apr 2018, W. Wang leg., WW-SG18- Lepto 1, ZRC _ ENT00000950 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown [but see Remarks under ‘ L. processionalis ’].</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Lower Peirce Reservoir; Mandai Lake Road; Mandai Road; Nee Soon Swamp Forest.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species appears associated mostly with primary and old/mature secondary forests, including swamp forest where a nest was found in a mud mound on waterlogged ground.</p><p>Remarks. This species is similar to L. iridescens, but may be distinguished from the latter by a few characters such as: 1) head in full face view more squarish, only slightly longer than wide (in L. iridescens distinctly longer than wide); 2) lateral margins of head in full face view evenly and broadly convex (in L. iridescens the sides are almost straight); 3) eye farther from lateral head margin in full face view (in L. iridescens the eye is about half the former distance from lateral head margin); 4) antennal scape relatively thicker across its entire length (more ‘flattened’ laterally) in proportion to head width.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833128FFD8FF0F7AE3FE47FAB7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833128FFD8FF0F7FA3FC2BFDF7.text	03B687833128FFD8FF0F7FA3FC2BFDF7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptogenys myops (Emery 1887)	<div><p>Leptogenys myops (Emery, 1887)</p><p>Material examined. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.81577&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.3555" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.81577/lat 1.3555)">Central Catchment Nature Reserve</a> (Venus Loop), 1.35550, 103.81577, 15 Jun 2015, M.K.L. Wong leg., pitfall trap, ZRC _ ENT00000717 ; Lim Chu Kang mangrove, 10 Mar 1987, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _ ENT00000886 ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.80081&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.39192" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.80081/lat 1.39192)">Seletar Trail</a>, 1.39192, 103.80081, 18 Oct 2015, M.K.L. Wong leg., pitfall trap, ZRC _ ENT00000716 ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.77187&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.32609" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.77187/lat 1.32609)">Sunset Way</a>, 1.32609, 103.77187, 22-24 Aug 2016, G.W. Yong leg., pitfall trap, SW2GP023, ZRC _ HYM_0001188.2 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Central Catchment Nature Reserve; Lim Chu Kang mangrove; Seletar Trail; Sunset Way.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was found in both young and mature secondary forests, such as an abandoned plantation forest, and also in a mangrove, where individuals were collected from atop a mud lobster ( Thalassina sp.) mound.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833128FFD8FF0F7FA3FC2BFDF7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833128FFD8FD737863FB85FAF7.text	03B687833128FFD8FD737863FB85FAF7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptogenys pangui Xu 2000	<div><p>Leptogenys pangui Xu, 2000</p><p>Material examined. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, collection date unknown, D.H. Murphy leg., C1-19, ZRC _HYM_0000681; Sime Road, 15 Dec 1975, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _ HYM_0000907 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record (but see Remarks).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; Sime Road.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was found in either primary or old/mature secondary forest.</p><p>Remarks. The Singapore specimens may in fact be a closely-related but different species with characters intermediate between L. pangui and the smaller L. assamensis . General characters of the ZRC material, however, confer more with the original description of the former species, thus we tentatively treat this material as L. pangui . This treatment may possibly change in future when more empirical evidence is made available.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833128FFD8FD737863FB85FAF7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B687833128FFDBFD737F63FDBBFC37.text	03B687833128FFDBFD737F63FDBBFC37.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptogenys peuqueti (Andre 1887)	<div><p>Leptogenys peuqueti (André, 1887)</p><p>Material examined. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, 8 Sep 2005, collector unknown, ZRC _ HYM_0000276; same locality as previous, collection date unknown, D.H. Murphy leg., C2-1, ZRC _HYM_0000683; same locality as previous, 25 Dec 1989, H.K. Lua leg., ZRC _ ENT00000242; Labrador beach, 29 Apr 1985, D.H. Murphy leg., DHM-SG85- Lep 1, ZRC _ ENT00047823 ; Lower Peirce Reservoir Road, Aug 1990, collector unknown, ZRC _ ENT00000153 ; Mandai Lake Road, N 01°24’19.3’’, E 103°46’56.2’’, 73 m, 26 Mar 2020, W. Zhang leg.,WZ_MIS_020, ZRC _ ENT00047799 ; Rifle Range Road, pipeline track, 26 Jan 1986, D.H. Murphy leg., DHM-SG86- Lep 1, ZRC _ ENT00047822 ; beside <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.93572&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.34355" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.93572/lat 1.34355)">Temasek Polytechnic</a>, 1.34355, 103.93572, 13-15 Dec 2016, G.W. Yong et al. leg., TT2G- Pd 561, ZRC _ ENT00047862 ; Prince George’s Park Residences (NUS), 6 Dec 2017, Sk. Yamane leg. (SKYC) .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916); Overbeck (1924) [both as Leptogenys (Lobopelta) peuqueti].</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; Bukit Timah Road; Labrador beach; Lower Peirce Reservoir Road; Prince George’s Park Residences (NUS); Mandai Lake Road; Rifle Range Road; Temasek Polytechnic (adjacent waste woodland).</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species is associated mostly with primary or old/mature secondary forests, sometimes also in young secondary forest including coastal beach forest, and cultivated gardens in Singapore. Individuals and nests have been sampled from inside fallen rotting or decayed wood, and logs.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687833128FFDBFD737F63FDBBFC37	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783312BFFDBFF677E22FDF7F957.text	03B68783312BFFDBFF677E22FDF7F957.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptogenys pompiloides (Smith 1857)	<div><p>Leptogenys pompiloides (Smith, 1857)</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Male, CASENT0281941, ANTC20700 (BMNH).</p><p>Literature. Type – Smith (1857) [as Ponera pompiloides; see Remarks].</p><p>Localities. Unknown.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Unknown in the Singapore context.</p><p>Remarks. This species was first described based on males apparently collected from Singapore, though type locality was indicated as ‘Borneo (Sarawak)’ in Smith (1857). The worker for this species remains a mystery till present day. Donisthorpe (1932) concluded that the locality labels on the type male specimens were probably miswritten, since no males in the A.R. Wallace collections were associated with Sarawak, but two males linked to Singapore matched the original description of L. pompiloides [as Ponera pompiloides].</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783312BFFDBFF677E22FDF7F957	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783312BFFDBFD4B7AE3FB35FD58.text	03B68783312BFFDBFD4B7AE3FB35FD58.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptogenys processionalis (Jerdon 1851)	<div><p>Leptogenys processionalis (Jerdon, 1851)</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. CASENT0217534, ANTC17790 (CASC).</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was found in either primary or old/mature secondary forest in Singapore.</p><p>Remarks. The unexamined specimen at CASC might be misidentified L. mutabilis – upon observation of the full face image on AntWeb, it appears that there are no striations on the anterior one-third of the head dorsum, a feature diagnostic of L. processionalis .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783312BFFDBFD4B7AE3FB35FD58	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783312BFFDBFD4B78C3FCC3F997.text	03B68783312BFFDBFD4B78C3FCC3F997.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mesoponera rubra (Smith 1857)	<div><p>Mesoponera rubra (Smith, 1857)</p><p>Material examined. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.78167&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.35499" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.78167/lat 1.35499)">Bukit Timah Nature Reserve</a>, 1.35499, 103.78167, 19 Jul 2017, W. Wang leg., WW-SG17-050, ZRC _ ENT00027968 ; same locality as previous, 1.35130, 103.77859, 31 Jul 2015, M.K.L. Wong leg., SPT15, ZRC _ ENT00000720; same locality as previous, 28 Apr 2016, D.J. Court leg., ZRC _ ENT00048450; locality and collection date unknown, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _HYM_0000798; locality and collection date unknown, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _ HYM_00000832.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Holotype queen – CASENT0901349, ANTC20788 (OUMNH).</p><p>Literature. Type – Smith (1857) [as Ponera rubra]. Emery (1893, 1911) [as Ponera rubra].</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species is associated with primary or old/mature secondary forests in Singapore. Individuals were sometimes found in soil at base of large trees, or collected using pitfall traps.</p><p>Remarks. Type locality in Singapore, but specific location unknown. This species was first described based on a dealate queen from Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783312BFFDBFD4B78C3FCC3F997	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783312AFFDAFF0F7AE3FBB1FED7.text	03B68783312AFFDAFF0F7AE3FBB1FED7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mesoponera javana (Forel 1905)	<div><p>Mesoponera javana (Forel, 1905) stat. n.</p><p>Euponera (Mesoponera) rubra var. javana Forel, 1905: 6 (q.m)</p><p>Combination in Pachycondyla: Brown, 1995: 306.</p><p>Combination in Mesoponera: Schmidt &amp; Shattuck, 2014: 111.</p><p>Subspecies of Mesoponera rubra: Emery, 1911: 81; Wheeler, 1924: 242; Karavaiev, 1926: 419; Chapman &amp; Capco, 1951; Bolton, 1995: 306.</p><p>Senior synonym of Mesoponera rubra minirubra: Özdikmen, 2010 (unnecessary replacement name)</p><p>Material examined. Queen and worker, Lower Peirce, 7 May 2017, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _ ENT00027967 ; Bukit Timah forest, 26 Nov 1969, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _ HYM_0000832; Upper Thomson Nature Park, 19 Oct 2016, G.W. Yong et al. leg., ZRC _ ENT00057834 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; Lower Peirce; Upper Thomson Nature Park.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Individuals were found in either primary or old/mature secondary forests in Singapore, usually in leaf litter or in soil at bases of trees. In one instance, workers were collected under bark of a rotting log, in wet sand.</p><p>Remarks. Mesoponera javana resembles M. rubra, but is generally smaller – the queen of M. javana is either similar in size to or smaller than the worker of M. rubra . The workers of M. javana can also be differentiated from M. rubra based on the following ( M. rubra traits in parentheses): 1) median part of clypeus produced anteriorly as a broad, subtriangular lobe with median apical point and distinct rounded, translucent lamellate edge (median part of clypeus weakly produced anteriorly as a shallow, broadly convex lobe with indistinct lamellate edge), 2) eye relatively larger and closer to anterior margin of head, shortest distance of eye to mandibular insertions less than 2x eye length (eye relatively smaller and further away from anterior margin of head, shortest distance of eye to mandibular insertion more than or equal to 2x eye length).</p><p>Condition of the clypeus, i.e., character (1) previously mentioned, can be used to differentiate between queens of the two species as well, besides body size.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783312AFFDAFF0F7AE3FBB1FED7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783312AFFDAFD737B43FB05FD97.text	03B68783312AFFDAFD737B43FB05FD97.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Myopias mayri (Donisthorpe 1932)	<div><p>Myopias mayri (Donisthorpe, 1932)</p><p>Material examined. Mandai forest, 7 Jun 2018, W. Wang leg., ZRC _ENT00007263.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Mandai</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. A worker was collected from fallen rotting wood in secondary forest.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783312AFFDAFD737B43FB05FD97	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B68783312AFF25FD737883FDF9FE17.text	03B68783312AFF25FD737883FDF9FE17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Odontomachus litoralis Wang, Yamada & Yamane 2020	<div><p>Odontomachus litoralis Wang, Yamada &amp; Yamane, 2020</p><p>Material examined. Types – holotype, Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve, 28 Mar 2018, W. Wang &amp; M.S. Foo leg.,WW-SG18-Odonto1, ZRC _ ENT00013883 ; paratype male, queens and workers, same collection data as holotype, ZRC _ ENT0000917 . Non-types – Admiralty, 6 Apr 2019, Benjamin Yeap leg., ZRC _ ENT00048015; Lim Chu Kang mangrove, 1987, Serena Teo leg., ZRC _ ENT00000778 ; Loyang mangroves, 29 Nov 2002, N. Sivasothi leg., ZRC _ ENT00027921 ; Mandai mangroves, 1 Apr 2009, S.P. Goh &amp; D. Pitta deAraujo leg., ZRC _ ENT00000774 ; workers and males, same locality as previous, 15 Oct 1978, D.H. Murphy leg., DHM-SG78- Odo 1, ZRC _ ENT00027918; workers and males, same locality and collector as previous, 18 Oct 1977, DHM-SG77- Odo 1, ZRC _ ENT00027920; Pulau Ubin, Celestial Resort Ubin, 6 Mar 2012, I. Iesa leg., CMBS- M01, ZRC _ ENT00007278 ; males, queens and workers, Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve, 5 Dec 2018, W. Wang et al. leg.,WW-SG18- Odonto 3/4, ZRC _ ENT00007635-7636 ; males, queens and workers, same locality as previous, 20 Dec 2018, W. Wang &amp; M.S. Foo leg., WW-SG18- Odonto 6/7, ZRC _ ENT00007645-7646 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Type – Wang et al. (2020).</p><p>Localities. Admiralty; Lim Chu Kang mangroves; Loyang mangroves; Mandai mangroves; Pulau Ubin; Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve [type] .</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species is found exclusively in mangroves in Singapore. Nests were usually found in abandoned Thalassina (mud lobster) mounds, sometimes well above maximum tide levels. Nests have also been reported from soil mounds among roots of uprooted trees. Workers were often observed foraging on mud and debris in close proximity to mangrove back forests during low tide.</p><p>Remarks. Type locality in Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68783312AFF25FD737883FDF9FE17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B6878331D5FF25FF67783CFD15F957.text	03B6878331D5FF25FF67783CFD15F957.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Odontomachus malignus Smith 1859	<div><p>Odontomachus malignus Smith, 1859</p><p>Material examined. Lim Chu Kang mangrove, 23 Sep (year unknown), D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _ HYM_0000902; males, Pulau Semakau Old Fragment, 1°12’23.9”N, 103°45’37.6”E, Jul-Nov 2012, J. Puniamoorthy et al. leg., malaise trap, ZRC _BDP (multiple); male, Pulau Semakau New Fragment, SMN2, 1°12’04.5”N, 103°45’46.1”E, 6-13 Dec 2012, same collectors as previous, malaise trap, Reg. 29626, ZRC _ BDP0016086 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Wang et al. (2020).</p><p>Localities. Lim Chu Kang mangrove; Pulau Semakau.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. A worker of this species was found foraging in mangrove at low tide, close to mudflats opening to the sea. Nests have never been found in mangroves in Singapore. Most specimens were males collected in malaise traps set up in mangroves at an offshore landfill. It is possible that these males could have originated from actual nests in extensive coral rubble surrounding the mangrove fragments on this landfill.</p><p>Remarks. This species is similar to O. litoralis, but can be differentiated from the latter by the absence of a strongly carinate posterior propodeal edge in the worker, and also a generally less coarse or shagreened, somewhat shinier mesosoma. Odontomachus malignus has been reported to nest in coastal coral rubble and limestone rockfaces facing the sea in other countries – this apparent nesting preference may also distinguish it from O. litoralis which has only been found nesting in mangroves.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B6878331D5FF25FF67783CFD15F957	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B6878331D5FF24FD4B7A9CFD91FD37.text	03B6878331D5FF24FD4B7A9CFD91FD37.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Odontomachus rixosus Smith 1857	<div><p>Odontomachus rixosus Smith, 1857</p><p>Material examined. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.76235&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.34304" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.76235/lat 1.34304)">Bukit Batok East</a>, 1.34304, 103.76235, Sep 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _ HYM_0001294-1295; Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, 19 Feb 2016, collector unknown, ZRC _ ENT00000723 ; same locality as previous, 1.35386, 103.77988, 23 Aug 2017, W. Wang leg., ZRC _ ENT00007559; same locality as previous, 15 Aug 1983, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _HYM_0000669; same locality as previous, plot III-2, 19 Apr 2016, D.J. Court leg., pitfall trap, ZRC _ ENT00048454; males, Bukit Timah Summit, 13-22 Apr 2009, Z. Chen leg., malaise trap, ZRC _ ENT00048020- 48022 ; Catchment forest, 15 Sep 1964, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _HYM_0000663; Lower Peirce Reservoir, 11 Aug 1990, collector unknown, ZRC _ ENT00000109 ; same locality as previous, 7 Aug 1990, collector unknown, ZRC _ ENT00000122; same locality as previous, 31 Jul 1990, collector unknown, ZRC _ ENT00000209; MacRitchie Reservoir, 9 Jan 2014, Sk. Yamane leg., ZRC _HYM_0000424; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.78848&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.40661" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.78848/lat 1.40661)">Mandai</a>, 1.40661, 103.78848, 13 Nov 2018, W. Wang leg., ZRC _ ENT00007586 ; Mandai Road, Nov-Dec 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _HYM_0001303-1322; male, Pulau Ubin, PU 1, 1°24’36.3”N, 103°59’25.5”E, 23- 30 Jun 2012, J. Puniamoorthy et al. leg., malaise trap, Reg. 29319, ZRC _ BDP0016035; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.79952&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.39097" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.79952/lat 1.39097)">Seletar Trail</a>, 1.39097, 103.79952, 7 Dec 2015, M.K.L. Wong leg., Winkler extraction, ZRC _ ENT00000722 ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.79839&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.38311" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.79839/lat 1.38311)">Upper Thomson Nature Park</a>, 1.38311, 103.79839, Oct 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _HYM_0001298-1302 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Syntype – CASENT0900656, ANTC19758 (BMNH) . Non-types – ANIC32-031703, RWTacc.68.11 (ANIC); ANIC32- 031673, Shattuck134500711 (ANIC); CASENT0217544, ANTC17803 (CASC); FMNHINS0002821936, FMHD_81-282 (FMNH).</p><p>Literature. Type – Smith (1857). Viehmeyer (1916); Overbeck (1924); Tan &amp; Corlett (2012); Satria et al. (2015).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Batok East; Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; Bukit Timah Road; Lower Peirce Reservoir; MacRitchie Reservoir; Mandai; Mandai Road; Pulau Ubin; Seletar Trail; Singapore Botanic Gardens; Upper Thomson Nature Park.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species is associated mostly with primary and old/mature secondary forests in Singapore, but has sometimes also been found in more degraded or disturbed young secondary forests, including mangrove back forest. Individual foragers have occasionally been collected from under bushes beachside, presumably originating from adjacent coastal beach forest. These ants were often found foraging in and around leaf litter.</p><p>Remarks. Type locality in Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B6878331D5FF24FD4B7A9CFD91FD37	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B6878331D4FF24FF0F78DCFB4EFAF7.text	03B6878331D4FF24FF0F78DCFB4EFAF7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Odontomachus simillimus Smith 1858	<div><p>Odontomachus simillimus Smith, 1858</p><p>Material examined. Queen, Bukit Timah, Hindhede Drive, 12 Nov 1989, H.K. Lua leg., ZRC _HYM_0000133; Commonwealth Road, 1.31115, 103.78171, 22-24 Nov 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _HYM_0001329-1333; HougangAvenue 4, 1.34561, 103.88884, 12-14 Dec 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _HYM_0001334- 1338; queen, Jurong East, 27 Jul 2018, D. Safaruan leg., ZRC _ ENT00007417; Labrador beach, 29 Apr 1985, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _ HYM_0000670; Loyang mangroves, 29 Nov 2002, N. Sivasothi leg., ZRC _ ENT00027922; male, Block 78 Marine Drive, 5 Nov 2016, W. Wang leg., ZRC _ ENT00000895; male, Pulau Semakau New Fragment, SMN3, 1°12’05.6”N, 103°45’46.5”E, 13-20 Sep 2012, J. Puniamoorthy et al. leg., malaise trap, Reg. 29471, ZRC _ BDP0015375; male, Pulau Semakau Old Fragment, SMO2, 1°12’20.2”N, 103°45’35.8”E, 18-25 Oct 2012, same collectors as previous, malaise trap, Reg. 29538, ZRC _ BDP0016524; Pulau Ubin, 1.40308, 103.96924, 4 Dec 2016, G.W. Yong et al. leg., ZRC _HYM_0001083; Seletar Link, 1.40518, 103.88555, 16-18 Oct 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _HYM_0001339-1344; Sunset Way, 1.32609, 103.77187, 21-23 Sep 2016, ZRC _HYM_0001323-1325; Temasek Polytechnic, adjacent waste woodland, 1.34239, 103.93598, 13-15 Dec 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _HYM_0001326-1328 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Non-types, ANIC32-031799 (ANIC); CASENT0009624 /9624-D01/9624-D02, ANTC7554 (CASC). Non-types, J.K. Wetterer leg. (JKWC) – Katong, Amber Road, 28 Jul 2014, vial #350; Marine Parade, 28 Jul 2014, vials #355, 371; City Hall, by church, 29 Jul 2014, vial #377; Harbourfront, 29 Jul 2014, vial #385; Dhoby Ghaut, Istana Park, 30 Jul 2014, vial #403; Tai Seng, by MRT station, 31 Jul 2014, vial #420; Katong, 1 Aug 2014, vials #445, 449; Buona Vista, by MRT station, 5 Aug 2014, vial #486; Pasir Panjang, by MRT station, 5 Aug 2014, vial #484.</p><p>Literature. Tan &amp; Corlett (2012); Satria et al. (2015).</p><p>Localities. Amber Road (Katong); Bukit Timah; Buona Vista; City Hall; Commonwealth Road; Dhoby Ghaut; Harbourfront; Hougang Avenue 4; Jurong East; Katong; Labrador beach; Loyang mangroves; Marine Drive; Marine Parade; Pasir Panjang; Pulau Semakau; Pulau Ubin; Seletar Link; Singapore Botanic Gardens; Sunset Way; Tai Seng; (beside) Temasek Polytechnic.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was found in a wide range of habitats of varying quality and levels of disturbance, including abandoned plantation and waste woodland secondary forests, mangroves and beachside coastal forest. Individuals including winged alates have also been frequently found in or close to urban residential areas and cultivated gardens or parks. Nests were found in soil at the bases of living trees, or in rotting wood or under rocks.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B6878331D4FF24FF0F78DCFB4EFAF7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B6878331D4FF27FD737F1CFBCFFD97.text	03B6878331D4FF27FD737F1CFBCFFD97.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Odontoponera denticulata (Smith 1858)	<div><p>Odontoponera denticulata (Smith, 1858)</p><p>Material examined. Ang Mo Kio Garden West, Jul-Nov 2013, Klara M.C. Chua leg., NT1- 8B, ZRC _ ENT00027904; Bedok Town Park, same collection date and collector as previous, DT1-5A, ZRC _ ENT00027903; Bukit Batok East, 1.34304, 103.76235, 27-29 Sep 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _HYM_0001349; Bukit Timah, Hindhede Drive, Dec 1989, H.K. Lua leg., ZRC _ ENT00000250; Choa Chu Kang Avenue 2, 1 Mar 2017, D.J. Court leg., ZRC _HYM_0001724; Commonwealth Road, 1.31115, 103.78171, 22-24 Nov 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _HYM_0001350- 1356; Kent Ridge, 1 Jun 1985, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _HYM_0000817; Kranji Road, 1.42638, 103.75413, 8-10 Nov 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _HYM_0001362-1371; Linden Drive, 27 Oct 1974, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _HYM_0000818; MacRitchie Reservoir, 13 Apr 1993, collector unknown, NS37, ZRC _HYM_0000198; Mandai Road, 1.41119, 103.80513, 29 Nov-1 Dec 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _HYM_0001357; males, Prince George’s Park Residences (NUS), Jun-Aug 2015, M.S. Foo &amp; W. Wang leg., malaise trap, ZRC _ BDP0045703,- 47328; Pulau Ubin, 1.41662, 103.99443, 4 Dec 2016, G.W. Yong &amp; M.K.L. Wong leg., ZRC _HYM_0001095; Seletar Link, 1.40518, 103.88555, 18-25 Oct 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _HYM_0001358-1361; Sunset Way, 1.32609, 103.77187, 29-31 Aug 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _HYM_0001345; male, Telok Blangah Street 31, 28 Apr 2019, N. Chin leg., ZRC _ ENT00013541; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.77187&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.32609" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.77187/lat 1.32609)">Upper Peirce Reservoir</a>, 10 Jan 2014, Sk. Yamane leg., ZRC _HYM_0000410-411; queen and workers, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.77187&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.32609" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.77187/lat 1.32609)">Upper Thomson Nature Park</a>, Oct 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _HYM_0001372-1385 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Holotype queen – CASENT0900664 (BMNH). Non-types, J.K. Wetterer leg. (JKWC) – City Hall, by church, 29 Jul 2014, vial #377; Outram Park, by MRT station, 29 Jul 2014, vial #379.</p><p>Literature. Type – Smith (1858) [as Ponera denticulata; see Remarks on erroneous type locality indicated in the original description]. Yamane (2009); Tan &amp; Corlett (2012); Wang et al. (2018a).</p><p>Localities. Ang Mo Kio Garden West; Bedok Town Park; Bukit Batok East; Bukit Timah; City Hall; Choa Chu Kang; Commonwealth Road; Kent Ridge; Kranji Road; Linden Drive; MacRitchie Reservoir; Mandai Road; Outram Park; Prince George’s Park Residences (NUS); Pulau Ubin; Seletar Link; Sunset Way; Telok Blangah; Upper Peirce Reservoir; Upper Thomson Nature Park.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species seemed common in cultivated vegetation patches and/or disturbed forest fragments and fringes in urban or semi-urban settings, including urban residential areas and parks. Individuals were also collected from both mature and young secondary forests, such as abandoned plantation and waste woodland forests, usually while foraging at ground level. The species has sometimes been collected from open grassland or scrub.</p><p>Remarks. Type locality in Singapore – this species was first described based on the holotype queen from Singapore. The type locality for O. denticulata was indicated as ‘ South Africa: Cape of Good Hope’ in its original description (see Smith 1858). However, this was later clarified as an error due to mislabelling of the specimen (Donisthorpe 1943).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B6878331D4FF27FD737F1CFBCFFD97	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B6878331D7FF26FD4B7883FD91FC17.text	03B6878331D7FF26FD4B7883FD91FC17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Odontoponera transversa (Smith 1857)	<div><p>Odontoponera transversa (Smith, 1857)</p><p>Material examined. Queen and workers, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.76235&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.34304" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.76235/lat 1.34304)">Bukit Batok East</a>, 1.34304, 103.76235, Aug-Oct 2016, G.W. Yong leg., pitfall trap, ZRC _ HYM_0001390-1395; Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, 8 Sep 2005, collector unknown, ZRC _ HYM_0000047-50; same locality as previous, near BT07, 1.35499, 103.78167, 19 Jul 2017, W. Wang leg., ZRC _ ENT00047930; same locality as previous, plot III-2, 12 Oct 2015, D.J. Court leg., pitfall trap, ZRC _ ENT00048441; Central Catchment Nature Reserve, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.81578&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.35549" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.81578/lat 1.35549)">Venus Loop</a>, 1.35549, 103.81578, 15 Jun 2015, M.K.L. Wong leg., ZRC _ ENT00000724; Lower Peirce Reservoir, 25Aug 1990, collector unknown, ZRC _ ENT00000117; same locality as previous, Aug 1990, collector unknown, ZRC _ ENT00000155; same locality as previous, 18 Aug 1990, collector unknown, ZRC _ ENT00000170; queens and workers, same locality as previous, 7 Aug 1990, collector unknown, ZRC _ ENT00000197; Mandai, 27 Jun 2019, J. Tan &amp; N. Chin leg., NN-L01, ZRC _ ENT00013537; Mandai Road, Nov-Dec 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _HYM_0001424-1459; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.80208&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.38252" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.80208/lat 1.38252)">Nee Soon Swamp Forest</a>, 1.38252, 103.80208, 25 Sep 2017, W. Wang leg., Winkler extraction, NS_W1, ZRC _ ENT00027908; Rifle Range Road, 3 Jun 1993, collector unknown, NS110, ZRC _HYM_0000190; male, Seletar Reservoir, 16 May 1994, collector unknown, NS 134B, ZRC _ ENT00000267; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.79839&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.38311" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.79839/lat 1.38311)">Upper Thomson Nature Park</a>, 1.38311, 103.79839, Sep-Oct 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _HYM_0001397-1423 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Syntype workers, A.R. Wallace leg., SINC.55/9 (BMNH), including CASENT0900666, ANTC19768 (BMNH) [as type of Ponera transversa]. Non-types – CASENT0249126, PSW10256- 1(PSWC); Harbourfront, Marang Trail, 4 Aug 2014, J.K. Wetterer leg., vial #473 (JKWC).</p><p>Literature. Type – Smith (1857) [as Ponera transversa]. Viehmeyer(1916); Overbeck (1924); Yamane (2009); Tan &amp; Corlett (2012).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Batok East; Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; Bukit Timah Road; Central Catchment Nature Reserve; Harbourfront; Lower Peirce Reservoir; Mandai; Mandai Road; Nee Soon Swamp Forest; Rifle Range Road; Seletar Reservoir; Upper Thomson Nature Park.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was found mostly in primary and old/mature secondary forests in Singapore, including swamp forest, frequently in or on leaf litter. Sometimes, individuals have been collected from well-developed young secondary forest such as abandoned plantation patches. In one instance, foragers were collected from inside an Anoplolepis gracilipes nest in a fallen rotting tree branch.</p><p>Remarks. Type locality in Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B6878331D7FF26FD4B7883FD91FC17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B6878331D6FF26FF0F7E02FE08F977.text	03B6878331D6FF26FF0F7E02FE08F977.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parvaponera darwinii (Forel 1893)	<div><p>Parvaponera darwinii (Forel, 1893)</p><p>Material examined. Alate queens and males, Raffles Lighthouse, 10 Aug 2019, J. Tan leg., ZRC _ ENT00027936 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Alate queen, CASENT0249179, PSW09596-2 (PSWC).</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916), Overbeck (1924) [both as Euponera (Trachymesopus) darwini var. indica].</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Road; Kent Ridge.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Alate queens and males of this species were collected from around lamps in urban parklands and a garden. Alates were also collected on an offshore dive boat in surrounding waters of a lighthouse islet, where they swarmed around lights on the vessel at night. Actual habitat preferences of this species are unknown in the Singapore context at the time of writing.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B6878331D6FF26FF0F7E02FE08F977	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B6878331D6FF21FD737A9CFDA4FB97.text	03B6878331D6FF21FD737A9CFDA4FB97.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Platythyrea parallela (Smith 1859)	<div><p>Platythyrea parallela (Smith, 1859)</p><p>Material examined. Bukit Batok, 1 Sep 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _ ENT00047913 ; Bukit Batok East, 28 Aug 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _ ENT00048025 ; Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, 13 Dec 1967, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _ ENT00027924 ; queens, males and workers, Bukit Timah forest, Jalan Jambul, 4 Oct 1973, D.H. Murphy leg., A340-3, DHM-SG73- Plat 1, ZRC _ ENT00027923 ; Kranji Road, 29 Jan 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _ ENT00048026 ; Lower Peirce, 7 May 2017, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _ ENT00048419 ; Mandai forest, 15 Jan 2020, W. Wang leg., ZRC _ ENT00027938 ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.79839&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.41258" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.79839/lat 1.41258)">Mandai Road</a>, 1.41258, 103.79839, 16 Nov 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _HYM_0001552; male, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.81292&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.3834167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.81292/lat 1.3834167)">Nee Soon Swamp Forest</a>, 1°23’00.3”N, 103°48’46.5”E, 28 Mar-4 Apr 2012, J. Puniamoorthy et al. leg., malaise trap, NS1, Reg. 29157, ZRC _ BDP0012762 ; alate queen, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.77869&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.29239" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.77869/lat 1.29239)">Prince George’s Park Residences</a> (NUS), 1.29239, 103.77869, 15-22 Apr 2015, M.S. Foo &amp; W. Wang leg., malaise trap, NUS0013, ZRC _ BDP0045470 ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.99443&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.41662" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.99443/lat 1.41662)">Pulau Ubin</a>, 1.41662, 103.99443, 4 Dec 2016, G.W. Yong &amp; M.K.L. Wong leg., ZRC _HYM_0001080-1082; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.88629&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.40581" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.88629/lat 1.40581)">Seletar Link</a>, 1.40581, 103.88629, 23 Oct 2016, G.W. Yong et al. leg., ZRC _ ENT00047914 ; alate queen and workers, same locality as previous, 23-25 Oct 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _HYM_0001546-1548; alate queens and worker, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.79839&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.38311" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.79839/lat 1.38311)">Upper Thomson Nature Park</a>, 1.38311, 103.79839, Oct 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _HYM_0001549-1551 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. ANIC 32- 065989, RWT68.11 (ANIC); ANIC 32-065991- 65992, AreaK7, A64-6/A66-4 (ANIC); ANIC 32-065994, RWTAcc.68.35(ANIC); queens [types of Platythyrea coxalis], FOCOL0847-849 (ZMHB); FOCOL0850- 851[types of P. pusilla var. egena] (ZMHB). Non-types, Katong, Amber Road, 28 Jul 2014, J.K. Wetterer leg., vial #337 (JKWC).</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916), Overbeck (1924) [as Platythyrea coxalis and P. pusillia var. egena].</p><p>Localities. Amber Road (Katong); Bukit Batok; Bukit Batok East; Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; Bukit Timah Road; Kranji Road; Mandai; Mandai Road; Nee Soon Swamp Forest; Prince George’s Park Residences (NUS); Pulau Ubin; Seletar Link; Singapore Botanic Gardens; Upper Thomson Nature Park.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species is associated mainly with both mature and young secondary forests, including native-dominated, abandoned plantation, and waste woodland forests, often fragments in urban or semi-urban settings. Sometimes the ants have been found on low vegetation and foliage in urban parklands. The species is considered arboreal and individuals are often found on tree trunks or branches, or foliage in general. Nests have been found under bark of living trees or large fallen logs.</p><p>Remarks. Platythyrea parallela is known to exhibit broad (body) size variation among both sympatric and allopatric populations. Other variable traits include shape and size of propodeal angles, shape of the petiolar node (specifically that of the posterodorsal margin), and body sculpture.At the point of writing, all size and morphological variants observed from local material have thus been treated as conspecific, pending future more refined analyses to distinguish between different species of this potential species complex.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B6878331D6FF21FD737A9CFDA4FB97	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B6878331D1FF21FF677EBCFE02F9F7.text	03B6878331D1FF21FF677EBCFE02F9F7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Platythyrea sagei Forel 1900	<div><p>Platythyrea sagei Forel, 1900</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916); Overbeck (1924).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Road</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Workers of this species were found in a half-decayed tree trunk on the ground in a garden.</p><p>Remarks. At the time of writing, this species is only known from Singapore based on dated literature records.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B6878331D1FF21FF677EBCFE02F9F7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B6878331D1FF21FD4B7AE3FC5CFC57.text	03B6878331D1FF21FD4B7AE3FC5CFC57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ponera menglana Xu 2001	<div><p>Ponera menglana Xu, 2001</p><p>Material examined. Bukit Timah forest, 6 Jun 1968, D.H. Murphy leg., D7-4, ZRC _ HYM_0000644; same locality and collection data as previous, D7-4, ZRC _HYM_0000649; Bukit Batok abandoned park, 28 Jan 2015, W. Wang leg., ZRC _ ENT00027964 ; queen and workers, Mandai Lake Road, Northern Node, 1°24’36.5”N, 103°47’04.0”, 53 m, 18 Jul 2019, J.S. Tan &amp; N.L. Chin leg., Winkler extraction, JTNC_MIS_013, ZRC _ ENT00028291 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Bukit Batok; Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; Mandai Lake Road.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species is associated mostly with different grades of secondary forest (i.e., young, mature, old) at varying levels of disturbance, including waste woodland forest of an abandoned park. The ants were typically collected from rotten wood, leaf litter, and upper soil substrate.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B6878331D1FF21FD4B7AE3FC5CFC57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B6878331D1FF20FD4B79C3FEE3FDD7.text	03B6878331D1FF20FD4B79C3FEE3FDD7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ponera swezeyi (Wheeler 1933)	<div><p>Ponera swezeyi (Wheeler, 1933)</p><p>Material examined. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.7787&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.29239" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.7787/lat 1.29239)">Prince George’s Park Residences</a> (NUS), 1.29239, 103.7787, 6 Dec 2017, W. Wang leg., ZRC _ ENT00027912 ; alate queen, Kent Ridge Park, YM site 2, 7 Dec 2017, W. Wang leg., ZRC _ ENT00027984; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.77397&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.35599" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.77397/lat 1.35599)">Bukit Timah Nature Reserve</a>, 1.35599, 103.77397, 8 Aug 2017, W. Wang leg., WW-SG17-058, ZRC _ ENT00028318 ; same locality as previous, 8 Sep 2005, collector unknown, ZRC _ ENT00048385 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; Kent Ridge Park; Prince George’s Park Residences (NUS).</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species is associated mostly with old/mature secondary forests at varied levels of disturbance. Individuals were collected from leaf litter and soil substrate via Winkler extraction, and also soil at bases of trees. On one occasion, some workers were found with a Brachyponera colony in rotting wood.</p><p>Remarks. Despite being fairly widespread throughout Australasia and Oceania, P. swezeyi is suspected to actually be native to the Oriental region because of its shared characters with three other minute Oriental species: P. baka Xu, 2001, P. xantha Xu, 2001, and P. shennong Terayama, 2009 (Leong et al. 2019). These similarities include: relatively small body size (HW 0.28-0.35), thick petiolar node in lateral view, yellowish-brown body, and 5-segmented antennal club (sometimes indistinct).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B6878331D1FF20FD4B79C3FEE3FDD7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B6878331D0FF20FF0F787CFD01FAB7.text	03B6878331D0FF20FF0F787CFD01FAB7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudoneoponera havilandi (Forel 1901)	<div><p>Pseudoneoponera havilandi (Forel, 1901)</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Syntype – CASENT0907253, ANTC27462 (MHNG) .</p><p>Literature. Type – Forel (1901) [as Pachycondyla (Bothroponera) havilandi].</p><p>Localities. Unknown.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Unknown in the Singapore context.</p><p>Remarks. Type locality in Singapore. At the time of writing, the species is known only from Singapore, by its type series. While there has been no recent material for objective comparisons, based on type images of P. havilandi on AntWeb and its original description, the validity of the species seems well-justified. The more striking characters that distinguish P. havilandi from other congeners known to the region would be: 1) small eyes, each with only 9-10 ommatidia along its maximum diameter, 2) petiolar node in dorsal view 1.3- 1.5x wider than long, truncate with convex sides and slightly concave posterior margin.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B6878331D0FF20FF0F787CFD01FAB7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B6878331D0FF20FF0F7F5CFB4EFED7.text	03B6878331D0FF20FF0F7F5CFB4EFED7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudoneoponera insularis (Emery 1889)	<div><p>Pseudoneoponera insularis (Emery, 1889)</p><p>Material examined. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.81292&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.3834167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.81292/lat 1.3834167)">Alate</a> queen, Nee Soon Swamp Forest, NS 1, 1°23’00.3”N, 103°48’46.5”E, 11-18 Apr 2012, J. Puniamoorthy et al. leg., malaise trap, Reg. 29181, ZRC _ BDP0012698 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916), Overbeck (1924) [as Pachycondyla (Bothroponera) insularis].</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Road.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Individuals were found in a termite ‘hill’ between the roots of a tree in a garden. An alate queen was collected from swamp forest, caught in a malaise trap sample.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B6878331D0FF20FF0F7F5CFB4EFED7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B6878331D0FF20FD737B7CFB69FB58.text	03B6878331D0FF20FD737B7CFB69FB58.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudoneoponera rufipes (Jerdon 1851)	<div><p>Pseudoneoponera rufipes (Jerdon, 1851)</p><p>Material examined. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, Jun-Aug 1967, D.H. Murphy leg., pitfall trap, ZRC _ENT00027992; same locality as previous, plot III-2, 28 Apr 2016, D.J. Court leg., pitfall trap, ZRC _ ENT00048451; same locality as previous, collection date unknown, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _HYM_0000873; same locality as previous, Aug 1967, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _HYM_0000869; Lower Peirce Reservoir, 7 Aug 1990, collector unknown, ZRC _HYM_0000242; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.77187&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.32609" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.77187/lat 1.32609)">Sunset Way</a>, 1.32609, 103.77187, 21-23 Sep 2016, G.W. Yong leg., pitfall trap, ZRC _HYM_0001184 ; same locality, collection date and collector as previous, ZRC _HYM_0001633 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; Lower Peirce Reservoir; Sunset Way.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species is associated mostly with primary or old/mature secondary forests, sometimes also in young secondary forests such as abandoned plantation forests, in Singapore. These ants are usually ground-foraging and were often collected using pitfall traps.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B6878331D0FF20FD737B7CFB69FB58	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B6878331D0FF23FD737EFCFE3EFC77.text	03B6878331D0FF23FD737EFCFE3EFC77.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudoneoponera tridentata (Smith 1858)	<div><p>Pseudoneoponera tridentata (Smith, 1858)</p><p>Material examined. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, Jun-Aug 1967, D.H. Murphy leg., pitfall trap, ZRC _ ENT00027993 ; same locality and collector as previous, 14 May 1967, pitfall trap, A6- 70/C2-2, ZRC _ ENT00048392; Lower Peirce Reservoir, 7 Aug 1990, collector unknown, ZRC _HYM_0000237-238; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.77803&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.4083" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.77803/lat 1.4083)">Mandai</a>, 1.4083, 103.77803, 12 Nov 2015, M.K.L. Wong leg., ZRC _ ENT00000728 ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.79839&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.41258" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.79839/lat 1.41258)">Mandai Road</a>, 1.41258, 103.79839, 12 Jul 2016, G.W. Yong leg., M1D7GH2506, ZRC _HYM_0001634; alate male, Nee Soon Swamp Forest, NS 1, malaise trap, Reg. 29181, ZRC _ BDP0012698; University Campus, 1 Apr 1972, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _HYM_0000909; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.79839&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.38311" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.79839/lat 1.38311)">Upper Thomson Nature Park</a>, 1.38311, 103.79839, 11- 13 Sep 2016, G.W. Yong leg., UT2GP226, ZRC _HYM_0001635; Upper Thomson Road, Oct 2016, G.W. Yong leg., GY-SG16- Pseu 1, ZRC _ ENT00028000 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916), Overbeck (1924) [both as Pachycondyla (Bothroponera) tridentata].</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; Lower Peirce Reservoir; Mandai; Mandai Road; Nee Soon Swamp Forest; University Campus (not specified if Bukit Timah or Clementi/ Kent Ridge); Upper Thomson Nature Park; Upper Thomson Road .</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species is associated mostly with primary or old/mature secondary forests, sometimes also in well-developed young secondary forest fragments in Singapore. A single alate was collected from swamp forest in a malaise trap sample. These are very large ground-foraging ants that form relatively small colonies.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B6878331D0FF23FD737EFCFE3EFC77	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B6878331D3FF23FF677E23FE1AFA77.text	03B6878331D3FF23FF677E23FE1AFA77.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Discothyrea bryanti (Wheeler 1917)	<div><p>Discothyrea bryanti (Wheeler, 1917)</p><p>Material examined. Seletar Trail, 1.39151, 103.80056, 16 Apr 2016, M.K.L. Wong leg., Winkler extraction, ZRC _ ENT00000675 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. ANIC 32- 030767, D4-60PP.RA-38 (ANIC).</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; Seletar.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species is associated with primary or old/mature secondary forests in Singapore, typically collected from leaf litter and topsoil debris.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B6878331D3FF23FF677E23FE1AFA77	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B6878331D3FF23FF677FE3FB40FE57.text	03B6878331D3FF23FF677FE3FB40FE57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Discothyrea sauteri Forel 1912	<div><p>Discothyrea sauteri Forel, 1912</p><p>Material examined. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, 20 Jun 1967, D.H. Murphy leg., D4- 6, ZRC _HYM_0000253; same locality as previous, BT09, 1.35127, 103.78161, 5 Oct 2016, W. Wang leg., Winkler extraction, ZRC _HYM_0000563 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species is associated with primary or old/mature secondary forests in Singapore. Individuals were typically found in leaf litter and soil substrate from mature secondary forest.</p><p>Remarks. At the time of writing, this species is known from only one locality in Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B6878331D3FF23FF677FE3FB40FE57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B6878331D3FF23FD4B7BFCFCFFFBD8.text	03B6878331D3FF23FD4B7BFCFCFFFBD8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Probolomyrmex vieti Eguchi, Yoshimura & Yamane 2006	<div><p>Probolomyrmex vieti Eguchi, Yoshimura &amp; Yamane, 2006</p><p>Material examined. Alate queen, Pulau Semakau, SMO3, 1.20664, 103.76044, 22-29 Nov 2012, J. Puniamoorthy et al. leg., malaise trap, Reg. 29604, ZRC _ BDP0015248 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Pulau Semakau</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. A single alate queen of this species was found in a malaise trap sample from old growth mangroves on an offshore landfill.</p><p>Remarks. At the time of writing, this species is known from only one locality in Singapore, based on a single alate. The presence of a reproductive individual may suggest that this species is not a mere transient visitor to the area.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B6878331D3FF23FD4B7BFCFCFFFBD8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B6878331D3FF22FD4B7E7CFDEDFDD8.text	03B6878331D3FF22FD4B7E7CFDEDFDD8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Probolomyrmex watanabei Tanaka 1974	<div><p>Probolomyrmex watanabei Tanaka, 1974</p><p>Material examined. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, 4 Jul 1969, D.H. Murphy leg., D12-6, ZRC _HYM_0000017; Central Catchment Nature Reserve, 24 Aug 2011, E.J.Y. Soh leg., CASENT0317191, ZRC _ ENT00048018 ; queen, Mandai Lake Road, Northern Node, 1°24’36.5”N, 103°47’04.0”, 53 m, 18 July 2019, J.S. Tan &amp; N. Chin leg., Winkler extraction, ZRC _ ENT00028309 ; queen and workers, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.80056&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.39151" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.80056/lat 1.39151)">Seletar Trail</a>, 1.39151, 103.80056, 16 Apr 2016, M.K.L. Wong leg., Winkler extraction, ZRC _ ENT00000676 .</p><p>Material not physical ly examined. ANIC 32-030944, D9-1/A124-7 (ANIC); CASENT0172416, D8-1 (ANIC).</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; Central Catchment Nature Reserve; Mandai Lake Road; Seletar.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was found in primary and/or old/mature secondary forests in Singapore. Individuals were mostly collected from leaf litter.</p><p>Remarks. Some specimens examined were observed to have petiole in profile elongate with nearly flat dorsal margin, closely resemblant of Probolomyrmex itoi or P. longiscapus . However, the same specimens in dorsal view each had posterodorsal margin of petiole medially produced into a horn, a feature unique to and diagnostic of P. watanabei .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B6878331D3FF22FD4B7E7CFDEDFDD8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B6878331D2FF22FF0F7843FE3BFB17.text	03B6878331D2FF22FF0F7843FE3BFB17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Proceratium deelemani Perrault 1981	<div><p>Proceratium deelemani Perrault, 1981</p><p>Material examined. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.78161&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.35127" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.78161/lat 1.35127)">Queens</a> and workers, Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, 1.35127, 103.78161, 8 May 2017, W. Wang leg., WW-SG17-014, ZRC _HYM_0000610; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.80056&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.39151" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.80056/lat 1.39151)">Seletar Trail</a>, 1.39151, 103.80056, 16 Apr 2016, M.K.L. Wong leg., Winkler extraction, ZRC _ ENT00000677 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. ANIC 32- 025871, RWTacc.68.34 (ANIC); FMNHINS0002821932-2821935, FMHD_81-282 (FMNH).</p><p>Literature. Baroni Urbani &amp; de Andrade (2003).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; Seletar.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was found in primary or old/mature secondary forests in Singapore. Nests have been found in soil substrate and debris in fallen wood (at the base of a large liana). Specimens have also been collected in litter from forest floors and crevices of tree buttresses.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B6878331D2FF22FF0F7843FE3BFB17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B6878331D2FF22FF0F7F03FD04F917.text	03B6878331D2FF22FF0F7F03FD04F917.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Proceratium malesianum De Andrade 2003	<div><p>Proceratium malesianum de Andrade, 2003</p><p>Material examined. Mandai Lake Road, Northern Node, 1°24’36.5”N, 103°47’04.0”, 53 m, 18 July 2019, J.S. Tan &amp; N. Chin leg., Winkler extraction, ZRC _ ENT00028314 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Mandai Lake Road</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was found in a mature secondary forest fragment in Singapore. Individuals were collected from a mixture of leaf litter and topsoil substrate.</p><p>Remarks. At the time of writing, this species is known from only one locality in Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B6878331D2FF22FF0F7F03FD04F917	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B6878331D2FF22FD737AE3FCFCFC57.text	03B6878331D2FF22FD737AE3FCFCFC57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Proceratium papuanum Emery 1897	<div><p>Proceratium papuanum Emery, 1897</p><p>Material examined. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.99443&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.41662" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.99443/lat 1.41662)">Queen</a>, Pulau Ubin, 1.41662, 103.99443, 4 Dec 2016, G.W. Yong &amp; M.K.L. Wong leg., ZRC _HYM_0001092; queen, Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve, 28 Mar 2018, W. Wang leg., ZRC _ ENT00000961 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Pulau Ubin; Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was identified based on queens collected from disturbed old/ mature secondary forest, and also mangroves. Actual nesting sites are unknown.</p><p>Remarks. The queens from Singapore identified as P. papuanum confer mostly with the original description of the species, but differ from the holotype queen in terms of body coloration – the Singapore queens appear darker in coloration. At the time of writing, we undertake the assumption that this might be a case of intraspecific variation among allopatric populations.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B6878331D2FF22FD737AE3FCFCFC57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B6878331D2FF2DFD737E03FECEFB77.text	03B6878331D2FF2DFD737E03FECEFB77.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tetraponera allaborans (Walker 1859)	<div><p>Tetraponera allaborans (Walker, 1859)</p><p>Material examined. Kent Ridge, 3 Jan 1983, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _HYM_0000765; same locality and collector as previous, 13 May 1985, ZRC _HYM_0000766; Mandai mangroves, 2 Oct 1978, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _ HYM_0000764; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.76292&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.2015556" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.76292/lat 1.2015556)">Pulau Semakau New Fragment</a>, SMN3, 1°12’05.6”N, 103°45’46.5”E, 13-20 Sep 2012, J. Puniamoorthy et al. leg., malaise trap, Reg. 29471, ZRC _ BDP0016113; queen and workers, University Hall (NUS), 1.29711, 103.77658, May-Aug 2015, M.S. Foo &amp; W. Wang leg., malaise trap, ZRC _BDP (multiple); Upper Thomson Road, 13 Sep 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _ ENT00048105 ; Sungei Buloh, 8 Jan 2013, Sk. Yamane leg. (SKYC) .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Alate queen, CASENT0752596, ANTC42318 (CASC); CASENT0795901, tc1162110327 (PSWC); queens, males, and workers, CASENT0795901-795912 (PSWC).</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916), Overbeck (1924) [both as Sima ( Tetraponera allaborans, and S. allaborans var. sumatrensis); Ward (2001); Wang et al. (2018a).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah; Kent Ridge; Lim Chu Kang; Mandai mangroves; Pulau Semakau; Sungei Buloh; University Hall (NUS); Upper Thomson Road.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This arboreal species was found in a broad range of habitats at varying levels of disturbance in Singapore, such as mangroves, young secondary forest fragments and scrubland in urban or semi-urban settings. In mangroves, individuals were found on low vegetation, in dead twigs of coastal plants such as Hibiscus tiliaceus; nests have been found in Sonneratia branches. The ants were also collected from secondary forest fringes, roadsides and urban parklands, in fallen dead twigs of various tree or shrub species including: Clerodendron disparifolium, Mallotus sp., Citharexylum spinosum, Delonix regia, and Vitex pubescens . Sometimes individuals were found on foliage in secondary forest, including on Bromhedia orchids.</p><p>Remarks. Specimens examined were observed to be morphologically rather variable across samples, but this is to be expected of the species (see Ward 2001) and all morphological variants were treated as conspecific at the time of writing.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B6878331D2FF2DFD737E03FECEFB77	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B6878331DDFF2DFF677EE3FB14FE98.text	03B6878331DDFF2DFF677EE3FB14FE98.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tetraponera attenuata Smith 1877	<div><p>Tetraponera attenuata Smith, 1877</p><p>Material examined. Queen, Neo Tiew Lane, 16 Jul 2009, H.K. Lua leg., LHK 513, ZRC _ HYM_0000236; Rifle Range Road, 27 Jul 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _ ENT00048104; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.8258&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.38009" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.8258/lat 1.38009)">Upper Thomson Nature Park</a>, 1.38009, 103.8258, 4 Oct 2016, G.W. Yong et al. leg., uT7GH1860, ZRC _ ENT00048099 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. CASENT0752611, ANTC42333 (CASC).</p><p>Literature. Forel (1907) [as Sima attenuata var. thagatensis]; Viehmeyer (1916), Overbeck (1924) [both as Sima (Tetraponera) attenuata]; Ward (2001).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Road; Neo Tiew Lane; Rifle Range Road; Seletar Reservoir; Upper Thomson Nature Park.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This arboreal species is associated mainly old/mature secondary forests in Singapore, including abandoned plantation or just disturbed forest fragments in semi-urban settings. Some specimens were collected from above ground foliage using sweepnets.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B6878331DDFF2DFF677EE3FB14FE98	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B6878331DDFF2DFD4B7B83FC0DFCD7.text	03B6878331DDFF2DFD4B7B83FC0DFCD7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tetraponera crassiuscula (Emery 1900)	<div><p>Tetraponera crassiuscula (Emery, 1900)</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916), Overbeck (1924) [both as Sima (Tetraponera) allaborans crassiuscula].</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Road</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Individuals were found in a garden.</p><p>Remarks. At the time of writing, this species is known from Singapore only based on literature records.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B6878331DDFF2DFD4B7B83FC0DFCD7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B6878331DDFF2CFD4B7943FE3DFE57.text	03B6878331DDFF2CFD4B7943FE3DFE57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tetraponera difficilis (Emery 1900)	<div><p>Tetraponera difficilis (Emery, 1900)</p><p>Material examined. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.79917&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.41488" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.79917/lat 1.41488)">Mandai Road</a>, 1.41488, 103.79917, 6-8 Dec 2016, G.W. Yong et al. leg., ZRC _ ENT00048097 ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.82616&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.38012" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.82616/lat 1.38012)">Upper Thomson Nature Park</a>, 1.38012, 103.82616, 4 Oct 2016, G.W. Yong et al. leg., ZRC _ ENT00048098 ; Pulau Ubin, 7 Jan 2014, Sk. Yamane leg. (SKYC) .</p><p>Material not physically examined. CASENT0907466, ANTC28118 (MHNG) [syntype of Sima stipitum]; queen and workers, FOCOL1176-1178 (ZMHB) [types of Sima fulva]; CASENT0220759, PSW09602 (UCDC); males and workers, CASENT0796174-796183 (PSWC).</p><p>Literature. Forel (1912) [as Sima stipitum]; Viehmeyer (1916), Overbeck (1924) [both as Sima (Tetraponera) fulva]; Ward (2001).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Road; Changi Beach; Mandai Road; National University of Singapore; Peirce Reservoir; Pulau Ubin; Seletar Reservoir; Singapore Botanic Gardens; Upper Thomson Nature Park.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species is associated mainly with primary and old/mature secondary forests, sometimes young secondary habitats, of varying levels of disturbance in Singapore. These include native-dominated and abandoned plantation secondary forests. The ants have been found around forest edges, in loose dead twigs of plants such as Mallotus sp. The species also occurs sporadically in urban parklands or gardens, and coastal beach forest. Colonies in Singapore have been observed to be polydomous, with aggressive, activelystinging workers.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B6878331DDFF2CFD4B7943FE3DFE57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B6878331DCFF2CFF0F7BC2FD91F9B7.text	03B6878331DCFF2CFF0F7BC2FD91F9B7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tetraponera extenuata Ward 2001	<div><p>Tetraponera extenuata Ward, 2001</p><p>Material examined. Paratype - <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.77803&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.4083" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.77803/lat 1.4083)">BukitTimah</a>, 100m, 20 Nov 1988, P.S. Ward leg., ZRC _6_20705. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.77803&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.4083" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.77803/lat 1.4083)">Non-types - Mandai Bike Trail</a>, 1.4083, 103.77803, 19 Jun 2016, M.K.L. Wong leg., ZRC _ ENT00000678 ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.81131&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.3845" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.81131/lat 1.3845)">Nee Soon Swamp Forest</a>, NS2, 1°23’04.2”N, 103°48’40.7”E, 2-9 May 2012, J. Puniamoorthy et al. leg., malaise trap, Reg. 29221, ZRC _ BDP0014635 ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.99041&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.4100833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.99041/lat 1.4100833)">Pulau Ubin</a>, PU1, 1°24’36.3”N, 103°59’25.5”E, 12- 19 Oct 2013, M.S. Foo et al. leg., malaise trap, Reg. 30212, ZRC _ BDP0016184 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Holotype – CASENT0902824, PSW09570 (BMNH) . Paratypes – CASENT0761615, PSW09570 (PSWC); queen and workers, CASENT 0796004 - 796007, PSW09570 (PSWC) . Non-types – CASENT0796008 -796011 (PSWC); CASENT0217591, ANTC17842 (CASC).</p><p>Literature. Type — Ward (2001).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah [type]; Kent Ridge; Mandai; Nee Soon Swamp Forest; Peirce Reservoir; Pulau Ubin; Seletar Reservoir .</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This arboreal species is associated mostly with primary or old/mature secondary forests in Singapore, including native-dominated secondary rainforest and freshwater swamp forest. Both colonies and individuals, including the type series, have been found in dead twigs of Timonius sp. and Rhodamnia trinervia . Individuals have occasionally been collected in malaise traps set up in mangroves and swamp forest.</p><p>Remarks. Type locality in Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B6878331DCFF2CFF0F7BC2FD91F9B7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B6878331DCFF2CFD737AE3FBB8FD77.text	03B6878331DCFF2CFD737AE3FBB8FD77.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tetraponera inversinodis Ward 2001	<div><p>Tetraponera inversinodis Ward, 2001</p><p>Material examined. Locality unknown [but deduced as Nee Soon based on ‘swamp forest’ on original label], 14 Apr 1993, Sk. Yamaneleg. (SKYC) .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Unknown.</p><p>Literature. None. New record.</p><p>Localities. Unknown.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. A single specimen of this species was collected from a swamp forest.</p><p>Remarks. Closely related to T. difficilis, T. inversinodis can be differentiated by its larger eyes, shorter and broader profemur, and shorter metatibia (Ward 2001).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B6878331DCFF2CFD737AE3FBB8FD77	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B6878331DCFF2CFD7378E3FBA8FA17.text	03B6878331DCFF2CFD7378E3FBA8FA17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tetraponera modesta (Smith 1860)	<div><p>Tetraponera modesta (Smith, 1860)</p><p>Material examined. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.77995&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.35284" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.77995/lat 1.35284)">Bukit Timah Nature Reserve</a>, BT 06, 1.35284, 103.77995, 23 Nov 2016, W. Wang leg., ZRC _HYM_0000261; same locality as previous, 25 Mar 1968, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _HYM_0000768-769; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.80228&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.39532" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.80228/lat 1.39532)">Seletar Trail</a>, 1.39532, 103.80228, 5 Mar 2016, M.K.L. Wong leg., ZRC _ ENT00000679 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. CASENT 0907461, ANTC 28113 (MHNG) [syntype of Sima fulva]; CASENT0796039-796040, PSW0857501/ PSW10255-01 (PSWC).</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916), Overbeck (1924) [both as Sima (Tetraponera) fulva]; Baroni Urbani (1977) [as Tetraponera fulva]; Ward (2001).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; Bukit Timah Road; Seletar.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This arboreal species is associated with primary or old/mature secondary forests in Singapore. Colonies were found in hollows and cavities of fallen branches and twigs. Individuals were sometimes collected from foliage by beating.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B6878331DCFF2CFD7378E3FBA8FA17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B6878331DFFF2FFF677AE2FE17F9F7.text	03B6878331DFFF2FFF677AE2FE17F9F7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tetraponera nitida (Smith 1860)	<div><p>Tetraponera nitida (Smith, 1860)</p><p>Material examined. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.79759&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.27954" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.79759/lat 1.27954)">HortPark</a>, 1.27954, 103.79759, 25 Feb 2016, Boyi Zhou leg., ZRC _ ENT00000680 ; Kent Ridge, 12 Jun 1970, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _HYM_0000810; Kranji Road, 27-29 Jan 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _ ENT00048101-48102 ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.760445&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.2066389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.760445/lat 1.2066389)">Pulau Semakau Old Fragment</a>, SMO3, 1°12’23.9”N, 103°45’37.6”E, 8-15 Nov 2012, J. Puniamoorthy et al. leg., malaise trap, Reg. 29578, ZRC _ BDP0016208 ; Pulau Ubin, 7 Jan 2014, Sk. Yamane leg., ZRC _HYM_0000473 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. CASENT 0220763, PSW 10251 (UCDC); queens, males and workers, CASENT0796308-796314 (PSWC); queen and workers, FOCOL1172-1175 (ZMHB) [types of Sima siggi var. setifera]; males, FOCOL1182-1184 (ZMHB) [types of Sima difficilis r. longiceps].</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916), Overbeck (1924) [as Sima (Tetraponera) difficilis longiceps and S. siggi var. setifera]; Ward (2001).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah; Bukit Timah Road; HortPark; Kent Ridge; Kranji Road; Lim Chu Kang; Mandai mangrove; Pulau Semakau; Pulau Ubin; Seletar Reservoir.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species is associated mostly with disturbed secondary habitats especially rainforest edges/fringes and mangroves or mangrove forests in Singapore. On a few occasions, individuals were collected from secondary forest fragments in semi-urban settings. At rainforest edges, individuals have been found in dead twigs of Mallotus sp. and on Bromheadia (orchids). In mangroves or mangrove forest, the species was found on low vegetation, and in dead twigs of Avicennia alba . The species has also been found nesting in hollow branches of Chiku trees, and the hollowed-out pith-channel of a bough in a mangosteen tree.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B6878331DFFF2FFF677AE2FE17F9F7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B6878331DFFF2FFD4B7AE3FB56F957.text	03B6878331DFFF2FFD4B7AE3FB56F957.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tetraponera pilosa (Smith 1858)	<div><p>Tetraponera pilosa (Smith, 1858)</p><p>Material examined. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, plot II-I, 15 Aug 2011, J. Koh leg., ZRC _ ENT00000889 ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.77633&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.29347" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.77633/lat 1.29347)">Icube</a> (NUS), 1.29347, 103.77633, 6-13 May 2015, M.S. Foo &amp; W. Wang leg., malaise trap, ZRC _ BDP0044952 ; queen, Kent Ridge, 10 Nov 1991, collector unknown, ZRC _HYM_0001750; alate queen, Lim Chu Kang Mangrove, 19 May 1987, Serena Teo leg., ZRC _ ENT00048805 ; Mandai, 7 Apr 2016, M.K.L. Wong leg., ZRC _ ENT00000681-682 ; queen, Pulau Ubin, PU 1, 1°24’36.3”N, 103°59’25.5”E, 1-8 Sep 2012, J. Puniamoorthy et al. leg., malaise trap, Reg. 29449, ZRC _ BDP0016492; same locality and collectors as previous, 25 Aug-1 Sep 2012, malaise trap, Reg. 29436, ZRC _ BDP0015989; Rifle Range Road, 27 Jul 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _ ENT00048103 ; Toh Tuck wasteland, 5 Mar 1978, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _HYM_0000809 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. CASENT0220765, PSW09567 (UCDC); males and workers, CASENT0796714-796718 (PSWC); queens, FOCOL1163-1165 (ZMHB) [types of Pseudomyrma pilosa].</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916), Overbeck (1924) [as Sima pilosa]; Ward (2001); Wang et al. (2018a).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; Bukit Timah Road; Kent Ridge; Lim Chu Kang Mangrove; Mandai; Peirce Reservoir; Pulau Ubin; Rifle Range Road; Toh Tuck.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species is associated mostly with mature secondary forest and the edges/ fringes of such rainforest. It has sometimes also been found in scrub, wasteland, or disturbed secondary forest fragments in urban or semi-urban settings. Alates have been collected from mangroves either using malaise traps, or in mud lobster ( Thalassina sp.) mounds. Individuals in secondary forest or forest edges were often found in dead twigs, such as that of Hevea brasiliensis (rubber), and on low vegetation. Colonies in semi-urban settings such as gardens have also been found in dead twigs of mangosteen trees, and in withered bamboo.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B6878331DFFF2FFD4B7AE3FB56F957	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B6878331DEFF2EFF0F7AE3FE56F9F7.text	03B6878331DEFF2EFF0F7AE3FE56F9F7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tetraponera rufonigra (Jerdon 1851)	<div><p>Tetraponera rufonigra (Jerdon, 1851)</p><p>Material examined. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.75413&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.42638" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.75413/lat 1.42638)">Choa Chu Kang Avenue</a> 2, 1 Mar 2017, D.J. Court leg., ZRC _ HYM_0001725; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.75413&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.42638" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.75413/lat 1.42638)">Jurong Lake Gardens</a>, 29 Nov 2018, H.H. Tan leg., ZRC _ ENT00007632; Jurong mangroves, 7 Nov 1976, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _HYM_0000912; Kranji Road, 1.42638, 103.75413, Sep-Nov 2016, G.W. Yong leg., ZRC _HYM_0001639- 1640; Seletar, 20 Dec 1982, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _HYM_00000802-805; University Campus, Jan 1977, D.H. Murphy leg., ZRC _ HYM_0000806 .</p><p>Material not physically examined. Queens, males, and workers, CASENT0796770-796774, tc1162117908/PSW09580 (PSWC).</p><p>Literature. Viehmeyer (1916), Overbeck (1924) [both as Sima rufonigra]; Ward (2001).</p><p>Localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; Choa Chu Kang; Jurong Lake Gardens; Jurong mangroves; Kranji Road; Mandai; Seletar; University Campus (either Bukit Timah or Clementi/ Kent Ridge).</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. This species was found in a broad range of habitats in Singapore, including mangroves and degraded or heavily modified environments such as urban parklands, gardens and semi-urban waste woodland secondary forests. Individuals were frequently collected from flowering shrubs on granite and tree trunks. The species typically nests in cavities of both dead and living wood. In mangroves, a colony was found occupying live beetle-bored branches of Sonneratia ovata, the nest cavities expanded into the bole of the tree. On one occasion, the ants were found predating on Pomacea (apple snail) egg masses on wooden stakes supporting planted trees near the edge of a man-made water body, in urban parkland. Workers of the species are known to be behaviourally aggressive and retaliatory when provoked.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B6878331DEFF2EFF0F7AE3FE56F9F7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B6878331DEFF2EFD737AE3FCD9FD57.text	03B6878331DEFF2EFD737AE3FCD9FD57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tetraponera vivax Ward 2001	<div><p>Tetraponera vivax Ward, 2001</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Holotype alate queen, collection date and locality unspecified, C.F. Baker leg. (MCZ).</p><p>Literature. Type – Ward (2001).</p><p>Localities. Unknown.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Unknown in the Singapore context.</p><p>Remarks. Type locality in Singapore. At the time of writing, this species is known from Singapore only by the holotype queen. The species was first described based on three queens collected from Singapore, Sabah and Java respectively.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B6878331DEFF2EFD737AE3FCD9FD57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
03B6878331DEFF2EFD7378C3FC2EFAD7.text	03B6878331DEFF2EFD7378C3FC2EFAD7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tetraponera volucris Ward 2001	<div><p>Tetraponera volucris Ward, 2001</p><p>Material examined. None available.</p><p>Material not physically examined. Holotype alate queen, collection date and locality unspecified, 9209, C.F. Baker leg. (MCZ).</p><p>Literature. Type – Ward (2001).</p><p>Localities. Unknown.</p><p>Habitat/Ecology. Unknown in the Singapore context.</p><p>Remarks. Type locality in Singapore. At the time of writing, the only record of this species in Singapore is that of the holotype queen. The queen of T. volucris appears similar to that of T. vivax, but can be distinguished by its tridentate clypeal margin and widely separated frontal carinae, also other traits such as larger eyes, absence of malar pit, and more elongate postpetiole.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B6878331DEFF2EFD7378C3FC2EFAD7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamer, Matthew T.;Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung;Tse, Cheung Yau Leo;Silva, Thiago S. R.;Guénard, Benoit	Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
