identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03B6F46FFFB4FF99FF4B8242F410D382.text	03B6F46FFFB4FF99FF4B8242F410D382.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eschweilera donosoensis Batista & S. A. Mori 2017	<div><p>Eschweilera donosoensis Batista &amp; S. A. Mori, sp. nov. (Figs. 1–3)</p> <p>Eschweilera donosoensis differs from other Central American species of Eschweilera by its scalloped outer bark surface, flesh-colored inner bark; leaf blades medium-sized (3.2–19.7 × 1.5–8.4 cm), tapered from hypanthium to articulation, olive-colored; inflorescences not branched; flowers with pedicel/hypanthium 6–7 mm long (vs. 10–15 mm in E. hondurensis), calyx-lobes not imbricate, thick, carinate toward base, 4.5–6 × 3–4 mm, petals white, androecial hood 2-coiled, yellow; fruits turbinate to cup-shaped with woody calyx-lobes persisting; seeds plane on 1 or 2 sides, the other sides hemispherical, aril lateral, splitting at chalazal end into 2–3 branches (vs. arils not branched in E. hondurensis).</p> <p>Type: — PANAMA. Colón, Distrito de Donoso, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-80.64472&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.836666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -80.64472/lat 8.836666)">Botija</a>, 8°50’12” N 80°38’41” W, 117 m, 19 Mayo 2015, J. Batista, C. Rodríguez, I. Vergara, &amp; J. De Gracia 1368 (holotype, PMA!; isotypes, MO!, NY!, UCH!, SCZ!).</p> <p>Understory to subcanopy trees 7–20 (–25) m tall × 19.2–25 cm, buttresses &lt;1 m tall. Bark dark-brown, scalloped, lenticellate, the outer bark thinner than inner bark (Fig. 1). Leaves: petioles 3–9 mm long, canaliculate adaxially; blades elliptic, 3.2–19.7 × 1.5–8.4 cm, chartaceous, glabrous, with inconspicuous reddish punctuations abaxially (visible with hand lens) the base obtuse to rounded, the margins entire to crenulate, the apex acuminate to attenuate; secondary veins in 8–12 pairs (Fig. 1), plane adaxially. Inflorescences from branches below leaves (ramiflorous), axillary, or terminal (suprafoliar), unbranched, the rachis 1–6 cm long, puberulous (at flowering), glabrous (at fruiting), sparsely lenticellate; pedicel/hypanthium 6–7 mm long., slightly tapered to articulation, puberulous, sparsely lenticellate. Flowers 2–4 cm diam.; bract ovate-triangular, 1.5–2 mm long, bracteoles elliptic, 3–3.5 mm long, deciduous, hypanthium puberulous, tapered to articulation; six calyx lobes, ovate, 4.5–6 × 3–4 mm, not imbricate, carinate at the base, horizontally oriented at anthesis, six petals, white or pale yellow, 15–28 × 12–14 mm, the ligule yellow, 15–25 mm long, androecial hood yellow, double coiled (Fig. 2), ovary 2-locular, 6 ovules per locule. Fruits turbinate to cup-shaped, 3.5–5.7 (including operculum) × 3–6 cm. diam., 8–10 mm thick, calyx-lobes persistent, woody, supracalycine zone 7–10 mm wide, convex, infracalycine zone 18–39 mm wide, tapered to base, lenticellate, operculum 1–1.3 × 3–3.5 cm diam., slightly umbonate, sometimes convex. Seeds 2–4 per fruit, globose, plane on 1–2 sides, hemispherical on other sides, 2 × 1.4 cm, aril lateral, splitting at chalazal end into 2–3 branches, white (Fig. 3).</p> <p>Etymology:— The specific epithet of E. donosoensis is derived from the type locality in the Donoso District of Panama where it is common.</p> <p>Distribution:—This species has only been collected from the Caribbean slopes of Donoso district, Colon province (Fig. 7).</p> <p>Habitat and Ecology:—Understory to subcanopy trees of lowland mature and late secondary rainforest at 100– 350 meters above sea level. It is an abundant tree in the MPSA concession and adjacent areas (Fig. 8B).</p> <p>Phenology:—Flowers collected from February to September and sometimes in December. Fruits collected in February, May to July, September, and December.</p> <p>Conservation Status: — Eschweilera donosoensis known from collections at PMA, MO and NY, comprising three general localities: Botija, Valle Grande and other sites in The Minera Panama Mining concession and a single collection (Holdridge 6249) outside of the Copper Mine concession in Donoso District, Colon Province. Based on the IUCN (2001) criteria this species is considered: Endangered (EN), with EOO: 369 Km 2, AOO: 40 Km 2, [EN B1ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v)+2ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v)]. The mining activity and indigenous settlements are fragmented into large-scale Donoso forest, this forest is not protected by the government of Panama.</p> <p>Discussion: — E. donosoensis belongs to the E. parvifolia clade. Additional information and images of these species can be viewed on the Lecythidaceae Pages (Mori et al., 2010) by consulting the following collections: E. donosoensis (Batista G. et al. 1396, 1268).</p> <p>This species is an endemic species, commonly found in the lowlands rainforests of the Caribbean slopes, specifically in Donoso district, Colón province; is most similar to another lowland rainforest species, Eschweilera hondurensis Standl (1940:318) which has larger leaves of 12–21 × 4–7 cm (vs. 3.2–19.7 × 1.5–8.4 cm); a longer pedicel/hypanthium of 10–15 mm long (vs. 6–7 mm long); calyx-lobes, imbricate at base, not carinate (vs. not imbricate, carinate at base); fruits cup-shaped to depressed globose and pericarp thin-walled 1–2 mm thick (vs. turbinate-shaped and pericarp thick-walled 8–10 mm thick); seeds with a lateral aril, not splitting at chalazal end (vs. aril splitting at the chalazal end into 2–3 branches).</p> <p>E. donosoensis can be confused with Eschweilera pittieri R. Knuth (1939:93), but in E. pittieri the calyx lobes are strongly imbricate, widely ovate in the flowers; in the fruits, the calyx lobes are very woody, and seeds with unbranched lateral arils not splitting at the chalazal end (vs. the calyx lobes not imbricate, slightly ovate in the flowers; in the fruits the calyx lobes are slightly woody in E. donosoensis). These species mentioned above, belongs to the E. parvifolia clade according to Huang et al. (2015), see introduction.</p> <p>Based on field and herbarium studies made by the first author during recent years, we now consider the Donoso lowland rainforest to be one of the sites with the highest number of Eschweilera in Central America.</p> <p>Additional specimens examined (Paratypes):— PANAMA. Distrito de Donoso, Colón, Camp Botija on Quebrada Daniele and Rio Botija, SW corner of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-80.833336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.833333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -80.833336/lat 8.833333)">Donoso District</a>, 8°50’N, 80°50’W, 60 to 150 m, 9-14 May 1968, L. Holdridge 6249 (PMA); Área de construcción de helipuerto, en Petaquilla, 15 km del campamento de Colina, (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-80.583336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.816667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -80.583336/lat 8.816667)">Parcela</a> 2) P07095, 8°49’N, 80°35’W, 15 Sep 2007, De Sedas 429 (PMA); Teck Cominco Petaquilla mining concession. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-80.65806&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.824445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -80.65806/lat 8.824445)">Ridgetop forest</a> along road, 08°49’28”N, 080°39’29”W, 190 m, 21 Sep 2007, G. McPherson 19771 (MO, PMA); 08°49’23”N, 080°39’35”W, 278 m, 23 Sep 2007, G. McPherson 19799 (MO, PMA); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-80.62056&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.818889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -80.62056/lat 8.818889)">Forest</a> on slope. 08°49’08”N, 080°37’14”W, 100 m, 10 Dec 2007, G. McPherson &amp; H. van der Werff 20062 (MO, PMA); 08°49’44”N, 080°40’28”W, 300 m, 22 Feb 2008, G. McPherson &amp; M. Merello 20145 (MO, PMA); 08°49’33”N, 080°40’11”W, 300 m, 24 Feb 2008, McPherson &amp; Merello 20221 (MO, PMA); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-80.65889&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.823055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -80.65889/lat 8.823055)">Colina Camp. Forested</a> slopes along road, 08°49’23”N, 080°39’32”W, 101 m, 26 Feb 2008, M. Merello 3066 (MO, PMA); Camp Colina. Forests along <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-80.65833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.830556" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -80.65833/lat 8.830556)">Quebrada Colina</a>, 08°49’50”N, 080°39’30”W, 152 m, 3 Mar 2008, M. Merello 3202 (MO, PMA); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-80.64667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.834722" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -80.64667/lat 8.834722)">Forest</a> near helipad, 08°50’05”N, 080°38’48”W, 140 m, 20 Jun 2008, McPherson 20548 (MO, PMA); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-80.63638&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.831944" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -80.63638/lat 8.831944)">Forest</a> near helipad H21, 08°49’55”N, 080°38’11”W, 150 m, 27 Jun 2008, M. McPherson 20697 (MO, PMA); Site of proposed copper mine (MPSA), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-80.64389&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.852222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -80.64389/lat 8.852222)">Forested</a> slopes, 08°51’08”N, 080°38’38”W, 140 m, 9 Dec 2009, G. McPherson &amp; M. Merello 21237 (MO, PMA); Site of proposed copper mine (MPSA). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-80.60555&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.8075" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -80.60555/lat 8.8075)">Forested</a> slopes, 08°48’27”N, 080°36’20”W, 100 m, 13 Dec 2009, G. McPherson &amp; M. Merello 21294 (MO, PMA); Valle Grande, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-80.67861&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.834722" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -80.67861/lat 8.834722)">Sierra</a> 18, sendero CABO, 8°50’05”N, 80°40’43”W, 315 m, 9 Dec 2014, C. Ramos &amp; L. Rojas 387 (MO, NY, PMA); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-80.64472&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.836666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -80.64472/lat 8.836666)">Botija</a>, 8°50’12”N, 80°38’41”W, 117 m, 5 Jul 2015, Batista et al. 1396 (NY, PMA); Botija, sendero detrás de vivero. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-80.656944&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.828305" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -80.656944/lat 8.828305)">Bosque</a> secundario, 8°49’41.9”N, 80°39’25”W, 131 m, 5 Sep 2015, J. Batista &amp; E. González 1405 (NY, PMA, SCZ, UCH); Entrada de Sedimentation Pond 5, área adyacente a <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-80.64469&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.858806" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -80.64469/lat 8.858806)">Presa Este de Relave</a>, 8°51’31.7”N, 80°38’40.9”W, 110 m, 12 Dic 2015, J. Batista &amp; S. Forero 1499 (MO, NY, PMA, SCZ, UCH); Entrada de Sedimentation Pond 5, área adyacente a <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-80.64469&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.858806" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -80.64469/lat 8.858806)">Presa Este de Relave</a>, 8°51’31.7”N, 80°38’40.9”W, 110 m, 8 Feb 2016, J. Batista &amp; C. Rodríguez 1528 (MO, NY, PMA, SCZ, UCH, US).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B6F46FFFB4FF99FF4B8242F410D382	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Batista, Juvenal E.;Mori, Scott A.	Batista, Juvenal E., Mori, Scott A. (2017): Two New Species of Eschweilera (Lecythidaceae) from rainforest on the Caribbean slope of Panama. Phytotaxa 296 (1): 41-52, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.296.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.296.1.2
03B6F46FFFB3FF94FF4B846DF233D7BE.text	03B6F46FFFB3FF94FF4B846DF233D7BE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eschweilera rotundicarpa Batista & S. A. Mori 2017	<div><p>Eschweilera rotundicarpa Batista &amp; S. A. Mori sp. nov. (Fig. 4–6)</p> <p>Eschweilera rotundicarpa differs from all other species of Eschweilera in combining leaf blades 4.5–11 × 1.7–6.7 cm, elliptic; pedicel/ hypanthium zone 4–7 mm long; flowers with calyx lobes ovate, 1.5–2 × 1–1.5 mm; androecial hood triple coiled; globose fruits, infracalycine zone olive greenish, lenticellate (smooth white spots) and seeds with aril spreading.</p> <p>Type: — PANAMA. Provincia de Coclé, Corregimiento El Harino, Parque Nacional General de División Omar Torrijos Herrera, sendero de la Quebrada Yaya (Sendero Los Monos), 8°40’04” N 80°35’53” W, 717 m., 22 September 2014, J. Batista G., A. Es pinosa &amp; J. Monte negro 1085 (holotype: PMA!; isotypes, MO!, NY!, SCZ!, UCH!).</p> <p>Canopy trees, to 25–30 (–40) m × 24.8–70 cm, buttresses present, 1–3 m tall. Bark dark-brown to light-brown, sometimes peeling in irregular pieces, lenticels brownish-white (Fig. 4). Leaves: petioles to 4–7 mm, terete, canaliculate adaxially; blades 3.1–11 × 1.2–6.7 cm, glabrous, elliptic, chartaceus, with conspicuous, crowded, reddish punctation abaxially (visible without magnification), the base cuneate to obtuse, the margins entire to slightly crenulate, the apex acuminate to acute; secondary veins in 8–14 pairs (Fig. 3), slightly elevated adaxially, visible without magnification. Inflorescences from branches below leaves (ramiflorous), axillary, or terminal (suprafoliar), once branched to unbranched, the principal rachis 4–7 cm long, puberulous (flowers) to glabrous (fruit), sparsely lenticellate; pedicel/hypanthium 4–5 mm long., cylindrical to articulation, puberulous, sparsely lenticellate, lenticels cream (Fig. 5). Flowers 2–3 cm. diam.; hypanthium puberulous, tapered to articulation; calyx with six lobes, ovate, 1.5–2 × 1–1.5 mm, horizontally oriented at anthesis, the bases not imbricate to slightly imbricate; six petals pale yellow, 9–15 × 8–12 mm.; androecial hood with triple coil, intense yellow, ligule 14–16 mm (Fig. 5), ovary with two locules and 3–4 ovules per locule. Fruits globose, woody but thin-walled, greenish-brown when fresh, brown when dry, 3.2–4.5 (including operculum) × 3–4.5 cm. diam; calycine ring visible, remnants of calyx-lobes usually visible, sometimes not persistent; supracalycine zone erect, brownish-cream, infracalycine rounded, olive green and hypanthium short smooth lenticellate, white when dry (white spots). Operculum convex, without an umbo in mature fruits. Seeds globose, 2.2–3.2 × 2.2–3.4 cm, 1–4 per fruit, aril spreading, white-colored, funicle long and flat, 2–2.5 × 0.2–0.25 cm. (Fig. 6).</p> <p>Etymology: —The specific epithet refers to the globose fruits.</p> <p>Distribution: —This species has been collected in Central Panama, Cordillera Central (Talamanca Mountains), in General de División Omar Torrijos Herrera National Park, Coclé Province and Valle Grande, Donoso District, Colón Province (Fig. 7).</p> <p>Habitat and Ecology: —Canopy tree, growing in cloud forests conserved at elevations 700–900 meters above sea level and lowland rainforest at elevations 200–300 meters above sea level (Fig. 8A, 8B).</p> <p>Phenology:—Collection of flowers have been made in October to February and fruiting has been documented from May, June to August.</p> <p>Conservation Status: — Eschweilera rotundicarpa is know from collections at MO, NY, PMA, comprising two general localities: The General de División Omar Torrijos H. National Park, sendero Los Monos, and a single collection (Batista 1661) from the Valle Grande lowland rainforest, inside of the Copper Mine concession in Donoso District, Colón Province. Based on the IUCN (2001) criteria this species is considered: Critically Endangered (CR) with AOO 8.0 Km 2 [CR B2 ab(ii,iii,iv)]. The population which is within the copper mine will be severely affected by loss of habitat due to deforestation; the other population is protected by the national park, but is very close to the mine.</p> <p>Discussion: — E. rotundicarpa is part of the E. integrifolia clade.Additional information and images of this species can be viewed on the Lecythidaceae Pages (Mori et al., 2010) by consulting the following collections: E. rotundicarpa (Batista G. et al. 1085, 1268, 1661). E. rotundicarpa grows in the cloud forest in General de Division Omar Torrijos H. National Park and lowland rainforest in Donoso, Colon. This species is similar to Eschweilera aguilarii S. A Mori (2007:111) from lowland rainforest of the Peninsula de Osa and Braulio Carrillo National Park, Costa Rica and Yoro, Honduras. However, leaves of the latter species have elliptic-lanceolate to elliptic blades 10–15 × 3–5 cm, apex short to long acuminate, 11–13 secondary veins; pedicel/hypanthium zone 5–9 mm; inflorescence rachis 2.5–8 cm, unbranched to weakly branched, strongly puberulous (vs. elliptic blades 4.5–11 × 1.7–6.7 cm, apex acuminate to acute, 8–14 secondary veins; pedicel/hypanthium zone 4–5 mm: inflorescence rachis 4–7 mm, once branched to unbranched, slightly puberulous to glabrous in E. rotundicarpa). Eschweilera panamensis Pittier (1927:12) is likewise very similar to E. rotundicarpa (particularly in term of flower morphology) which grows in lowland rainforest of the Caribbean slopes from Panama and the Pacific slopes in the Peninsula de Osa from Costa Rica. The later species has leaf blades elliptic to oblong 15–21.5 x 6–8 cm, secondary veins in 16 pairs, inflorescence rachis 5–7.5 cm, fruits depressedglobose (vs. leaf blades elliptic, 4.5–11 × 1.7–6.7 cm, 8–14 pairs of secondary veins, inflorescence rachis 4–7 cm and fruits globoses in E. rotundicarpa). E. aguilarii and E. panamensis belongs to E. integrifolia clade, and on the basis of morphology, E. rotundicarpa, likely has well according to (Huang et al.), 2015, see introduction.</p> <p>Additional specimens examined (Paratypes): — PANAMA. Corregimiento el Harino, Parque Nacional General de División Omar Torrijos Herrera, El Copé, Unidad de muestreo 3598, Parcela 2, árbol 96, UTM 958042 N, 544149 E, 754 m. s.n.m., 1 Oct 2013, S. Martínez et al. 432 (PMA, SCZ); Unidad de muestreo 3598, Parcela 4, árbol 27, UTM 958111 N, 544000 E, 852 m. s.n.m., 2 Oct 2013, J. Carrión et al. 1240 (PMA); Unidad de muestreo 3598, Parcela 4, árbol 117, UTM 958042 N, 544149 E, 866 m. s.n.m., 2 Oct 2013, J. Carrión et al. 1272 (PMA); Unidad de muestreo 3598, Parcela 4, árbol 151, UTM 958062 N, 543948 E, 864 m. s.n.m., 3 Oct 2013, J. Carrión et al. 1300 (MO, NY, PMA, UCH); Unidad de muestreo 3598, Parcela 4, árbol 165, UTM 958056 N, 543904 E, 878 m. s.n.m., 3 Oct 2013, J. Carrión et al. 1310 (NY, PMA); Unidad de muestreo 3598, Parcela 4, árbol 57, UTM 958042 N, 544149 E, 866 m. s.n.m., 2 Oct 2013, A. Espinosa et al. 8032 (PMA, SCZ); Comunidad El Barrigón, Sendero los Monos, Bosque nuboso, 8°40’02.4”N, 80°36’10.0”W, 850 m. s.n.m., 11 Ene 2015, J. Batista &amp; A. Espinosa 1268 (MO, NY, PMA); Comunidad El Barrigón, Sendero los Monos, Bosque nuboso, 8°40’02.3”N, 80°36’01”W, 817 m. s.n.m., 29 Mar 2015, J. Batista &amp; A. Jiménez 1295 (F, MO, NY, PMA, US, UCH, SCZ). Colón, Donoso, Valle Grande, UTM 975421 N, 536810 E, 252 m, 6 May 2016, J. Batista et al. 1661 (MO, NY, PMA, SCZ, UCH).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B6F46FFFB3FF94FF4B846DF233D7BE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Batista, Juvenal E.;Mori, Scott A.	Batista, Juvenal E., Mori, Scott A. (2017): Two New Species of Eschweilera (Lecythidaceae) from rainforest on the Caribbean slope of Panama. Phytotaxa 296 (1): 41-52, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.296.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.296.1.2
