taxonID	type	description	language	source
03B78781FFACA8239E8216DFFB5DFD8A.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — VIETNAM. Da Nang City, Lien Chieu District, Hoa Hiep Bac Commune, southern part of Hai Van Pass, 16 ⁰ 11 ’ 10 ” N 108 ⁰ 07 ’ 44 ” E, 570 m elevation, March 11, 2023, Luu Hong Truong, Nguyen Van Nguyen & Tran Ngoc Toan HV 01 (holotype SGN!, isotype PHH!). Herb 25 – 30 cm tall; tuber rhizomatous, underground, elongate, cylindrical, 2.5 – 4.0 cm long, 1.2 – 1.4 cm in diameter, producing later shoots and many stout roots, beige outside, cream white inside. Leaves 1 – 2. Petiole smooth, 15 – 25 cm long, 4 – 6 mm diameter, light pink with greenish-brownish mottling. Leaf blades fully pedate with 7 - leaflets, leathery, thick, green above, pale green beneath; leaflets oblong-elliptic, 6 – 13 cm long, 1.8 – 3.1 cm wide, acuminate at apex, lateral venation of 9 – 13 pairs, outermost leaflets sometimes reduced to be orbicular auricles. Inflorescence 1, foetid smelling; peduncle underground, longer than petiole sheath, white, 6 – 8 cm long, 3.2 – 3.7 mm in diameter, covered outside by a cataphyll 6 – 7 cm long; spathe 25 – 30 cm long; spathe tube aboveground, separated from the limb by a constriction, ovoid, 2.0 – 2.3 cm long, 1.3 – 1.7 cm diameter, outside brown with many darker brown dots, inside brownish-greenish; spathe limb elongate, narrowly lanceolate, 23 – 27 cm long, 2.8 – 3.2 cm wide at base, ending with acute tip, outside and inside greenish-brownish; spadix equaling spathe in length, sessile, erect; female zone conical, 3.0 – 3.5 mm high, 7 – 8 mm in diameter at base, 5 – 6 mm in diameter near apex, light purple, with 5 – 6 rows of crowded pistils; ovary obovoid, 2 mm high, 1 mm in diameter, translucent cream with many purple dots at apex, 1 - locular, with 1 basal ovoid ovule hold obliquely on a funicle; stigma sessile, disciform, 0.3 mm diameter, light purple, obscurely tuberculate; sterile zone contiguous with female zone, 20 – 22 mm long, lower part covered with bicolored (apex and base of different colors) staminodes, 7 – 8 mm long, upper part naked; staminodes stick-shaped, 6 – 8 mm long, ca. 0.6 – 0.7 mm in diameter, perpendicular to the spadix axis, downward curved or folded toward axis, pale purple, verrucose and with yellow, slightly flattened and obtuse or truncate apex; male zone cylindrical, 7 – 9 mm long, ca. 5 mm in diameter; stamens free, densely arranged; thecae yellowish, elliptic, flattened, dehiscent by lateral pore; pollens light orange; appendix stipitate, orange, yellow toward the apex, longitudinally fissured, filiform and tapering to apex, 23 – 25 cm long, 3.5 – 4.0 mm in diameter at base, with acute apex and irregularly lobed and flaring base. Fruits unknown.	en	Luu, Hong Truong, Tran, Ngoc Toan, Nguyen, Tran Quoc Trung, Phan, Cong Sanh, Nguyen-Phi, Nga (2024): Two new species of Typhonium (Araceae) with bicolored staminodes from Central Vietnam. Phytotaxa 633 (2): 163-170, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.633.2.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.633.2.7
03B78781FFACA8239E8216DFFB5DFD8A.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The species is named after its bicolored staminodes (pale purple with yellow apex). Vietnamese name: — Bán h ạ hai màu.	en	Luu, Hong Truong, Tran, Ngoc Toan, Nguyen, Tran Quoc Trung, Phan, Cong Sanh, Nguyen-Phi, Nga (2024): Two new species of Typhonium (Araceae) with bicolored staminodes from Central Vietnam. Phytotaxa 633 (2): 163-170, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.633.2.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.633.2.7
03B78781FFACA8239E8216DFFB5DFD8A.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology: — The new species grows in clumps on humus soils between granite crevices in open spaces of a degraded deciduous shrubby vegetation. Flowering was seen in March.	en	Luu, Hong Truong, Tran, Ngoc Toan, Nguyen, Tran Quoc Trung, Phan, Cong Sanh, Nguyen-Phi, Nga (2024): Two new species of Typhonium (Araceae) with bicolored staminodes from Central Vietnam. Phytotaxa 633 (2): 163-170, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.633.2.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.633.2.7
03B78781FFACA8239E8216DFFB5DFD8A.taxon	distribution	Distribution: — Typhonium bicolor has been recorded only from the type locality. Proposed IUCN conservation status: — Critically Endangered B 1 + B 2 b, C 2 a (ii), b (IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee 2022). The species was found in small scattered clumps of less than 10 mature individuals each on Hai Van Pass. Both Extent of Occurrence (EOO) and Extent of Occupancy (AOO) are estimated to be less than 10 km 2. Little regeneration was found. Its habitat has been and is going to be severely degraded and fragmented by human impacts and often fired. Conservation measures should be urgently employed. Notes: — Typhonium bicolor looks very much like T. kbangense, which was described from the Central Highlands. Besides the bicolored staminodes, both taxa share many other characters in common: the size of the plant, leaves and inflorescence, the 7 - lobed pedate leaves and the general appearance and structure of floral parts such as peduncle, spathe, spadix appendix, male, sterile and female parts and staminodes. However, they can be distinguished by several key characters as stated in the diagnosis. More morphological differences are summarized in Table 1. The spadix of T. bicolor is also similar to that of T. bachmaense but the later has green to violet-brown petioles without mottling, leaf blades with 5 elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate and thin leaflets, brown to yellowish brown spadix appendix with brown stipe, pale pink and elongate anthers dehiscent by apical pores, clavate staminodes and elongate or lageniform and translucent white ovaries with red stigma. Without flowers, T. bicolor may be confused with Amorphophallus lanceolatus (Serebryanyi 1995: 230) Hetterscheid & C. Claudel in Hetterscheid et al. (2012: 43) by its leathery, thick, dark green and oblong-elliptic leaflets and tough mottled petiole. The fully pedate leaves with 7 oblong-elliptic and thick lobes make this species distinct from the other Typhonium species with bicolored staminodes. Furthermore, the staminodes in T. bicolor are different from those in the other closest congeners, which are directed straight upward or slightly curved and red with a light yellow acumen in T. blumei, few, short and subulate to slightly clavate in T. culaochamense (described below), straight or recurved, ca. 3 mm long and red with white acumen in T. filiforme, spathulate-linguiform or subulate and white with or without purple acumen in T. flagelliforme and rod-shaped and pink with a dirty yellow acumen in T. ramosum.	en	Luu, Hong Truong, Tran, Ngoc Toan, Nguyen, Tran Quoc Trung, Phan, Cong Sanh, Nguyen-Phi, Nga (2024): Two new species of Typhonium (Araceae) with bicolored staminodes from Central Vietnam. Phytotaxa 633 (2): 163-170, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.633.2.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.633.2.7
03B78781FFAEA8259E8212BEFAA7FB5B.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — VIETNAM. Quang Nam Province, Hoi An City, Tan Hiep Commune, Cu Lao Cham Island; 15 ⁰ 57 ’ 30 ” N 108 ⁰ 30 ’ 52 ” E, 220 m in elevation; March 24, 2017; Tran Ngoc Toan CLC 29 (holotype SGN!, isotypes SGN!, PHH!). Herb seasonally dormant, 15 – 30 cm tall; tuber rhizomatous, underground, elongate, cylindrical, 1.6 – 2.8 cm long, 0.7 – 1.1 cm diameter, producing many stout roots, beige outside, cream with pink dots inside. Leaves 1 – 3. Petiole smooth, slender, 4 – 26 cm long, 2 – 3 mm diameter, green to grey-green with brownish mottling. Leaf blades variable, entire to pedate, green above, pale green beneath; entire blades deltoid to lanceolate, 3.5 – 4.5 cm long, 3.0 – 3.5 cm wide, with obtuse apex; pedate blades with 3 – 5 linear, ovate, lanceolate or oblanceolate leaflets; leaflets 3.5 – 8.0 cm long, 4.5 – 14.0 cm wide, sessile or petiolulate. Inflorescence 1 – 2, slightly foetid smelling; peduncle aboveground, longer than petiole sheath, pale pink with reddish mottled, 2.5 – 3.5 cm long, 3.0 – 3.5 mm diameter; spathe 9.5 – 11.5 cm long; spathe tube aboveground, separated from the limb by a constriction, ovoid or ellipsoid, 1.2 – 1.4 cm long, 1.0 – 1.1 cm wide, outside pale pink with brownish dots, inside similar but darker; spathe limb lanceolate, 8.5 – 10.0 cm long, 1.3 – 1.7 cm wide in the middle, ending with acute tip, outside green-brownish with dark brownish mottling, inside similar but darker; spadix equaling spathe in length, sessile, erect; female zone conical, 2.5 – 3.0 mm high, ca. 5 mm in diameter at base, with 3 – 5 rows of crowded pistils; ovary obovoid, 1.3 mm high, 0.8 mm diameter, translucent cream with brownish dots at apex, 1 - locular, with 1 basal ovule; stigma sessile, disciform, 0.4 mm diameter, reddish pink penicillate; sterile zone contiguously female zone, 10 – 13 mm long, lower part covered with 3 – 4 rows of staminodes, 2.5 – 3.0 mm long, upper part naked; staminodes filiform, subulate, 3.5 – 4.0 mm long, ca. 0.6 mm diameter, downward curved or folded toward axis, pinkish, pale purple verrucose, with bright yellow and slightly swollen apex, turning pale purple at fruiting stage; male zone cylindrical, 3.5 – 4.5 mm long, 2.5 – 3.0 mm in diameter; stamens free, densely arranged; thecae pale yellow to pink, opening by elongate slit; pollens orange; appendix stipitate, pale brown, smooth, filiform, tapering to apex, 9.0 – 9.5 cm long, 3.5 – 4.5 mm diameter at base, with acute apex, abruptly expanded and more or less truncate base; stipe brownish. Fruits bulb-shaped, ca. 3.5 – 4.0 mm long, ca. 2 mm diameter, creamy white, with persistent staminodes.	en	Luu, Hong Truong, Tran, Ngoc Toan, Nguyen, Tran Quoc Trung, Phan, Cong Sanh, Nguyen-Phi, Nga (2024): Two new species of Typhonium (Araceae) with bicolored staminodes from Central Vietnam. Phytotaxa 633 (2): 163-170, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.633.2.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.633.2.7
03B78781FFAEA8259E8212BEFAA7FB5B.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The species is named after the type locality, Cu Lao Cham Island. Vietnamese name: — Bán h ạ Cù Lao Chàm.	en	Luu, Hong Truong, Tran, Ngoc Toan, Nguyen, Tran Quoc Trung, Phan, Cong Sanh, Nguyen-Phi, Nga (2024): Two new species of Typhonium (Araceae) with bicolored staminodes from Central Vietnam. Phytotaxa 633 (2): 163-170, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.633.2.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.633.2.7
03B78781FFAEA8259E8212BEFAA7FB5B.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology: — The new species was found growing in clumps on humid soils between granite crevices under the canopy of a lowland evergreen forest. It appears in February to April and becomes dormant in May to January. Flowering and fruiting were seen in March to April.	en	Luu, Hong Truong, Tran, Ngoc Toan, Nguyen, Tran Quoc Trung, Phan, Cong Sanh, Nguyen-Phi, Nga (2024): Two new species of Typhonium (Araceae) with bicolored staminodes from Central Vietnam. Phytotaxa 633 (2): 163-170, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.633.2.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.633.2.7
03B78781FFAEA8259E8212BEFAA7FB5B.taxon	distribution	Distribution: — Typhonium culaochamense has been recorded only from the type locality. Proposed IUCN conservation status: — Vulnerable D 1 + D 2 (IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee 2022). The species is endemic to Cu Lao Cham Island of around 13 km 2. The total number of individuals is estimated to be less than 500. Notes: — The new species is morphologically closest to T. filiforme from Thailand and Malaysia (Boyce et al. 2012, Mansor et al. 2011) but they are distinguishable by several key characters as stated in the diagnosis. More morphological differences are presented in Table 2. The other Typhonium species with bicolored staminodes are different from this new species as their staminodes are upward directed straight or slightly curved and are red with a light yellow acumen (in T. blumei), 6 – 7 mm long and flattened and obtuse or truncate at apex (in T. bicolor), spathulate-linguiform or subulate with or without purple at apex (in T. flagelliforme), cylindrical and crimson red with a bright yellow to white acumen (in T. kbangense) and rod-shaped, pink with a dirty yellow and truncate apex (in T. ramosum).	en	Luu, Hong Truong, Tran, Ngoc Toan, Nguyen, Tran Quoc Trung, Phan, Cong Sanh, Nguyen-Phi, Nga (2024): Two new species of Typhonium (Araceae) with bicolored staminodes from Central Vietnam. Phytotaxa 633 (2): 163-170, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.633.2.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.633.2.7
