taxonID	type	description	language	source
03B7878EFFC3FFC1FEEAA0E82C53AB59.taxon	description	Male pygophore lobe caudally produced into a process, basally with membranous lobe on dorsal margin. Anal segment strongly sclerotized and pigmented. Subgenital plates and valve completely fused, forming a median quadrangular plate, with lateral margin multiseriate setae. Style stout with a well­developed preapical lobe, apophysis short. Connective Y­shaped, with apices of arms touching each other. Aedeagus simple, dorsally strongly curved, articulated with connective. Gonopore subapical, dorsal apodeme welldeveloped. Caudal margin of female seventh sternum with a median distinct lobe. Valvifer I three times as long as wide in ventral aspect. Valvula I very broad at base, denticulate area of valvula II occupies distal half, apex acute, devoid of denticles.	en	Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): A revision of the Varta­Stymphalus generic complex of the leafhopper tribe Scaphytopiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Old World. Zootaxa 713: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169479
03B7878EFFC3FFC1FEEAA0E82C53AB59.taxon	discussion	Remarks: The genus shares the character of fused subgenital plates and valve with the genera Va rt at o pa and Xenovarta (see below); it differs from them in having clawlike apophysis of style that lacks transverse rugae, in addition to the male pygophore having a membranous process as in Va rt a. A single Indian species, Curvimonus gajadantha Viraktamath and Anantha Murthy, represents this genus.	en	Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): A revision of the Varta­Stymphalus generic complex of the leafhopper tribe Scaphytopiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Old World. Zootaxa 713: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169479
03B7878EFFC2FFC2FEEAA1722A2AAD1C.taxon	description	Male genitalia: Pygophore longer than high, lobe with a sclerotized fingerlike process directed caudad; dorsal margin with a membranous lobe covered with a few hairlike setae. Subgenital plates fused with valve to form a median plate with two short protuberances on caudo­lateral margin, macrosetae confined to lateral area, arranged in oblique irregular rows and with a few hairlike setae on lateral margin. Style robust, apophysis broad at base, gradually narrowed to a fingerlike tip. Connective twice as long as broad at base, arms stout, stem short, broadened caudad, about as long as arms. Aedeagal shaft narrowed distally, with an acute apex, gonopore at midlength on caudal margin. Female genitalia: as in generic description. Measurements: Male 6.53 (6.40 – 6.57) mm long, 1.22 (1.18 – 1.23) mm wide across eyes and 1.43 (1.38 – 1.45) mm wide across pronotum. Female 6.96 (6.80 – 7.00) mm long, 1.24 (1.23 – 1.28) mm wide across eyes and 1.48 (1.45 – 1.55) mm wide across pronotum.	en	Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): A revision of the Varta­Stymphalus generic complex of the leafhopper tribe Scaphytopiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Old World. Zootaxa 713: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169479
03B7878EFFC2FFC2FEEAA1722A2AAD1C.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: Holotype ď, INDIA: Meghalaya: Shillong, 3. xi. 1981, S. Viraktamath (UAS). Paratypes: 1 ď, 1 Ψ, data as for holotype (UAS).	en	Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): A revision of the Varta­Stymphalus generic complex of the leafhopper tribe Scaphytopiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Old World. Zootaxa 713: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169479
03B7878EFFC2FFC2FEEAA1722A2AAD1C.taxon	discussion	Remarks: G. gajadantha resembles species of Var ta t op a and Xenovarta but differs in the structure the male genitalia (see remarks under the genus Curvimonus).	en	Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): A revision of the Varta­Stymphalus generic complex of the leafhopper tribe Scaphytopiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Old World. Zootaxa 713: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169479
03B7878EFFC1FFC2FEEAA7882C96A994.taxon	description	Male pygophore simple, without stout setae or processes. Anal segments exceeding caudal margin of pygophore, without process. Male valve and subgenital plates free, triangular; subgenital plates with stout, long, irregularly arranged setae. Anal segment extending beyond pygophore, without processes. Style with broad anterior part, body of uniform width, apophysis short, without rugae. Connective fused with aedeagus, Y­shaped with parallel­sided widely separated arms, stem broad. Aedeagal shaft short, cylindrical with a large apical gonopore, dorsal apodeme short, broad, with a membranous region having short stout setae.	en	Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): A revision of the Varta­Stymphalus generic complex of the leafhopper tribe Scaphytopiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Old World. Zootaxa 713: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169479
03B7878EFFC1FFC2FEEAA7882C96A994.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Stymphalus is distinctive among the Varta ­ Stymphalus generic complex in having very simple male genitalia. The male pygophore and aedeagus lack processes, and the apophysis of the style lacks rugaeThe genus contains a single species, S. rubrolineatus.	en	Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): A revision of the Varta­Stymphalus generic complex of the leafhopper tribe Scaphytopiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Old World. Zootaxa 713: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169479
03B7878EFFC1FFC2FEEAA7882C96A994.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Afrotropical region.	en	Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): A revision of the Varta­Stymphalus generic complex of the leafhopper tribe Scaphytopiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Old World. Zootaxa 713: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169479
03B7878EFFC0FFC3FEEAA4382C43ABF4.taxon	description	Vertex of head sharply triangular, variable in length shorter in male than in female. Male genitalia: Pygophore short and broad, lobes reduced. Subgenital plate triangular, mactrosetae multiseriate. Style elongate, apophysis truncate, expanded apically. Aedeagus simple, short, tubular, with slender dorsal apodeme and fused with connective, gonopore large apical.	en	Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): A revision of the Varta­Stymphalus generic complex of the leafhopper tribe Scaphytopiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Old World. Zootaxa 713: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169479
03B7878EFFC0FFC3FEEAA4382C43ABF4.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: 1 ɗ, ANGOLA: Malange, Cacuse, 16 – 23. vi. 1971, J. A. Quartau, B. M. 1974 ­ 319, Stymphalus rubrolineatus Stål, det. M. D. Webb (BMNH).	en	Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): A revision of the Varta­Stymphalus generic complex of the leafhopper tribe Scaphytopiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Old World. Zootaxa 713: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169479
03B7878EFFC0FFC3FEEAA4382C43ABF4.taxon	discussion	Remarks: S. rubrolineatus can be recognized at once by the narrow and more elongate head with incurved lateral margins, in addition to the male genitalia structures mentioned in the generic remarks.	en	Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): A revision of the Varta­Stymphalus generic complex of the leafhopper tribe Scaphytopiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Old World. Zootaxa 713: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169479
03B7878EFFC0FFCCFEEAA0202C96ACE9.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Shivania serrata sp. nov. Medium sized leafhoppers, 6.0 – 7.0 mm long. Green with yellow green stripes, red spots often running into short stripes on head and thorax, apices of wings fuscous spotted with dark brown (Fig. 23). Vertex anteriorly triangularly produced; disc strongly depressed; transition between vertex and face angular, carinate, 1.7 to 2.25 times as long as inter­ocular width. Ocelli on anterior margin. Fronto­clypeus strongly ridged in apical 0.4 length, ridge reaching beyond bases of antennae, narrow at antennal pits, widened apically. Ocello­ocular area on face (bounded by frontal sutures mesally, margin of eye laterally, anterior margin of head apically and bases of antennae basally, Fig 22 arrow) wide, about as wide as long. Clypellus widened apically, 0.32 to 0.36 as long as frontoclypeus. Pronotum more than twice (2.25 – 2.39) as wide as long, 0.66 to 0.77 as long as vertex, with carinate lateral margins. Front wings about 4 times as long as width, apices obliquely truncate, inner anteapical cell open behind. Arrangement of spines on hind tibia R 1 21 1, R 2 11, R 3 19. Hind basitarsus with five platellae. Male pygophore narrowed caudally in lateral view, with few macrosetae; caudally snugly fitting with broad based anal segment, caudo­ventral angle may be produced into a membranous process. Anal segments elongate, tenth segment sclerotized dorsally with or without a ventral process. Valve triangular. Subgenital plate triangular, separate, exceeding pygophore in length, covered with long irregularly arranged multiseriate setae. Style with well­developed fingerlike apophysis, transversely rugose. Subapical lobe well­developed. Connective fused with aedeagus, elongate, Y­shaped, arms parallel to and in contact with each other.	en	Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): A revision of the Varta­Stymphalus generic complex of the leafhopper tribe Scaphytopiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Old World. Zootaxa 713: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169479
03B7878EFFC0FFCCFEEAA0202C96ACE9.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Shivania lacks extensive orange or red stripes on head, thorax or forewings, the fuscous apical area of forewings extends along inner margin up to claval apex and is spotted with dark brown; male pygophore has an oblique ventral margin thus narrowed caudally, with either a membranous caudo­ventral extension to pygophore or with an anal collar process. The genus resembles Vartalapa gen. nov. (see below) as it shares the fused connective and aedeagus but lacks the ventral paraphysis to aedeagal shaft.	en	Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): A revision of the Varta­Stymphalus generic complex of the leafhopper tribe Scaphytopiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Old World. Zootaxa 713: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169479
03B7878EFFC0FFCCFEEAA0202C96ACE9.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Afrotropical region.	en	Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): A revision of the Varta­Stymphalus generic complex of the leafhopper tribe Scaphytopiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Old World. Zootaxa 713: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169479
03B7878EFFCFFFCDFEEAA0D02C1CABF4.taxon	description	Green. Vertex greenish pale yellow, two spots on either side of anterior margin dark fuscous, posteriorly extended into short dashes of red and a series of longitudinal rows of dots giving an appearance of a delicate stripe of dots reaching posterior margin; median area also spotted with red. Upper part of face across eyes with transverse brown band having black dorsal margin, medially interrupted with ochraceous, band continues on ocello­ocular area but red in colour; a median longitudinal stripe on frontoclypeus and clypellus red bordered on both sides along length with scattered red spots; a few spots on lorum, along inner margin of genae red; genae more darker laterally. Pronotum with a pair of median and a pair of lateral lemon yellow stripes; the median pair continued on scutellum and lateral pair on clavus of front wing (median pair on pronotum anteriorly and that on scutellum entirely suffused with red in one male specimen); a lateral longitudinal stripe on pro and meso­pleura red. Front wing greenish lemon yellow, costal margin and venation blue, apical 0.2 area smoky spotted with dark fuscous. Legs mottled with red and dark brown. Male genitalia: Pygophore without a membranous process, anal collar with ventrally directed process having a serrated rather semicircular distal margin. Subgenital plate triangular, lateral margin in basal half infolded (Fig. 25). Style broad basally, apophysis straight but directed at an angle laterally, ventral margin strongly rugulose, apex bluntly pointed. Arms of connective elongate, parallel to each other and in contact through out their length. Preatrium of aedeagus disposed at an angle at the point of fusion with connective, shaft cylindrical in anterior half then strongly widened, more so along dorsal margin, lateral margins of distal expansion serrated, gonopore apical. Measurements: Male 6.3 mm long, 1.3 mm wide across hind margin of head and 1.4 mm wide across hind margin of pronotum.	en	Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): A revision of the Varta­Stymphalus generic complex of the leafhopper tribe Scaphytopiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Old World. Zootaxa 713: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169479
03B7878EFFCFFFCDFEEAA0D02C1CABF4.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: KENYA: holotype ɗ, Rift valley, Ol Arabe Gorge, 17. xi. 1988, (“ Malaise 4 ” on reverse of the first label), R. K. Butlin Coll., Brit. Mus. (BMNH). Paratype: 4 ɗ, data as for holotype [BMNH].	en	Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): A revision of the Varta­Stymphalus generic complex of the leafhopper tribe Scaphytopiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Old World. Zootaxa 713: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169479
03B7878EFFCFFFCDFEEAA0D02C1CABF4.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Externally both modesta and serrata resemble each other. Shivania serrata has a little shorter vertex of head, caudo­ventral margin of pygophore is not produced into a process, anal collar process is well­developed and the connective and aedeagus form an angle at the point of fusion.	en	Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): A revision of the Varta­Stymphalus generic complex of the leafhopper tribe Scaphytopiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Old World. Zootaxa 713: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169479
03B7878EFFCEFFCEFEEAA0202CBFAD74.taxon	description	Vertex of head sharply triangular, concave laterally, frontoclypeus strongly carinate in upper part. Male genitalia: Pygophore long, longer than high, lobe with ligulate membranous process directed caudally, a few macrosetae on either side. Subgenital plates truncate apically, scoop­shaped. Apophysis of style short, digitate, minutely dentate. Connective long, linear. Aedeagal shaft curved at base then directed dorsally, slightly flared apically with apical gonopore. Dorsal apodeme poorly developed.	en	Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): A revision of the Varta­Stymphalus generic complex of the leafhopper tribe Scaphytopiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Old World. Zootaxa 713: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169479
03B7878EFFCEFFCEFEEAA0202CBFAD74.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: ZIMBABWE: 1 ɗ, A. Watsham, B. M. 1985 ­ 248 (BMNH). Remarks: Externally S. modesta resembles Shivania serrata sp. nov., but differs from the latter as discussed under that species.	en	Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): A revision of the Varta­Stymphalus generic complex of the leafhopper tribe Scaphytopiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Old World. Zootaxa 713: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169479
03B7878EFFCBFFC8FEEAA4382D5BAAD1.taxon	description	Male genitalia: As in generic description. Valve with an acute caudal angel, 1.5 times as long as broad at base, Subgenital plate with broadly rounded caudal apex, about 1.5 times as long as broad at base. Apophysis of style stout, about 0.33 as long as style length. Connective as in fig. 55. Aedeagal shaft ventrally produced near base, compressed, strongly sinuate, with a subapical curved process on ventral margin, a bladelike ridge on dorsal margin apically. Female genitalia: as in generic description. Measurements: Male 5.17 (4.90 – 5.40) mm long, 1.08 (1.08 – 1.10) mm wide across eyes, 1.24 (1.20 – 1.30) mm wide across pronotum. Female 5.70 (5.60 – 6.00) mm long, 1.15 (1.13 – 1.180) mm wide across eyes and 1.37 (1.33 – 1.40) mm wide across pronotum.	en	Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): A revision of the Varta­Stymphalus generic complex of the leafhopper tribe Scaphytopiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Old World. Zootaxa 713: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169479
03B7878EFFCBFFC8FEEAA4382D5BAAD1.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: INDIA: West Bengal: holotype Ψ, Bengal, Lefroy, Distant Coll. (BMNH). Delhi: 2 ɗ, 2 Ψ, New Delhi, IARI campus, 23. x. 1991; Gujarat: 1 Ψ, Navsari, 16. i. 1981; 2 Ψ, Junagadh, 30. i. 1981; Karnataka: 5 ɗ, 1 Ψ Gadag, ex Sorghum bicolor Moench. 21. ii. 1978; 6 ɗ, 10 Ψ, Raichur, 16. xii. 1980; 1 ɗ, 1 Ψ, Sidleghatta, 9. viii. 1976; 1 Ψ, Nagarhole, 17. i. 1978; 1 Ψ, 18. xii. 1978; all collected by C. A. Viraktamath (BMNH, UAS). TAIWAN: 1 ɗ, Nautau Hsien (det M. Webb) (TARI).	en	Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): A revision of the Varta­Stymphalus generic complex of the leafhopper tribe Scaphytopiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Old World. Zootaxa 713: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169479
03B7878EFFCBFFC8FEEAA4382D5BAAD1.taxon	discussion	Remarks: V. rubrofasciata and V. rubrostriata resemble each other externally but can be readily distinguished by the characters of the male genitalia given in the key. Aedeagal shaft in this species is very strongly sinuate.	en	Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): A revision of the Varta­Stymphalus generic complex of the leafhopper tribe Scaphytopiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Old World. Zootaxa 713: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169479
03B7878EFFCBFFC9FEEAA0C52C2AA90C.taxon	description	Vertex creamy white with a spot on either side of anterior angle of vertex black posteriorly suffused with red, a crescent behind each ocellus red, a longitudinal red stripe on either side of median line not reaching posterior margin. A broad band on upper part of face across eyes dark brown with chocolate brown dorsal margin, medially interrupted by transverse creamy white small areas; an oblique stripe across gena red with lateral extremity brown, a broad stripe immediately below eye on gena brownish, apical area on clypellus brown. Pronotum with a pair of median and a pair of lateral red stripes with anterior ends acute, not reaching anterior margin of pronotum, the median pair continued on scutellum and lateral pair on clavus. Front wing with red stripes as shown in Fig. 34; apical cells suffused with brown, outer apical cell with lateral margin chocolate brown; coxae and fore and middle femora with extensive chocolate brown areas, tibiae with bases of setae chocolate brown; hind femora with a series of chocolate brown spots near apices. Vertex rather triangular, margin ridged with series of rugulae along margin, disc depressed, sulcus extends 0.66 length. Face without dorsal median ridge; clypeus wider apically than at base, distinct clypo­clypellar sulcus present. Vertex 1.84 times as long as breadth between eyes. Pronotum with a few minute punctures, flat. Front wing similar to that of rubrofasciata but inner apical cell triangular. Male genitalia: Pygophore with ventral process stouter, overlapping with its counterpart at median line. Segment X longer than pygophore, ventrally armed with a pair of small but discernible teeth. Subgenital plate with cuado­lateral angle rounded, caudomesal angle acute angled, with numerous long setae in apical 0.66. Style broad proximally, body long, of uniform width, apophysis fingerlike slightly curved laterally. Connective with stem broad, rectangular, arms in caudal 0.5 in contact with each other. Aedeagus compressed, with well­developed semi­lunar dorsal apodeme, shaft sinuate, bladelike process on dorsal margin apically and a ventral acutely triangular process directed antero­ventrally with pointed apex. Measurements: Male 5.4 mm long, 1.0 mm wide across hind margin of head, 1.3 mm wide across hind margin of pronotum.	en	Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): A revision of the Varta­Stymphalus generic complex of the leafhopper tribe Scaphytopiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Old World. Zootaxa 713: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169479
03B7878EFFCBFFC9FEEAA0C52C2AA90C.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: CYPRUS: 1 ɗ, Akrotiri Bay Maxtan, 26. x. 1956, G. Mavromoustakis, B. M. 1957 ­ 395 (BMNH).	en	Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): A revision of the Varta­Stymphalus generic complex of the leafhopper tribe Scaphytopiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Old World. Zootaxa 713: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169479
03B7878EFFCBFFC9FEEAA0C52C2AA90C.taxon	discussion	Remarks: V. rubrostriata closely resembles V. rubrofasciata but differs in having straight rather triangular, subapical ventral process to aedeagal shaft and the pygophore has ventral processes overlapping in median line. This species has a more westerly distribution in the Palaearctic region.	en	Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): A revision of the Varta­Stymphalus generic complex of the leafhopper tribe Scaphytopiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Old World. Zootaxa 713: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169479
03B7878EFFCAFFCAFEEAA3982C03ACE4.taxon	description	Coloration and structure similar to that in V. rubrostriata. Male genitalia: Pygophore similar to that in V. rubrostriata but ventral processes slen­ der, throughout their length, acutely pointed distally. Denticles on segment X very small. Aedeagal shaft longer than in V. rubsrostriata with slender, ventro­apical process. Style with basally stout apophysis, narrowing to an acute apex. Measurements: Male 5.8 (5.6 – 6.2) mm long, 1.3 (1.2 – 1.3) mm wide across hind margin of head, 1.4 (1.3 – 1.5) mm wide across hind margin of pronotum. Female 6.8 mm long, 1.4 mm wide across hind margin of head, 1.6 mm wide across hind margin of pronotum.	en	Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): A revision of the Varta­Stymphalus generic complex of the leafhopper tribe Scaphytopiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Old World. Zootaxa 713: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169479
03B7878EFFCAFFCAFEEAA3982C03ACE4.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: JAPAN: holotype ɗ, Fujisawa: Kanagawa Pref.: Endô, 6. x. 1986, M. Hayashi leg, Coll. M. Hayashi, Saitama Univ. (BMNH). Paratypes: JAPAN: 1 Ψ, data as for holotype; 1 ɗ, 1 Ψ, Honshu: Saitama Pref.: Urawa (Akigse), 10. vii. 1984, M. Hayashi et al., Coll. M. Hayashi Saitama Univ.; 1 Ψ, same data but collected on 22. ix. 1984. 1 ɗ, 1 Ψ, Ryukyus: Iriomote Is: Funaura, 27. iii. 1985, M. Hayashi et al. Coll. M. Hayashi Saitama Univ. (BMNH, SU, UAS); S. CHINA: 1 ɗ, Fukien, Yungan City, 26. viii. 1942, T. C. Maa (BPBM). Other material: C. TAIWAN: 1 ɗ, Tsuifeng, 2300 m, Nauntoun, Hsien, 23 – 25. vi. 1983, K. S. Lin & S. C. Lin (TARI).	en	Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): A revision of the Varta­Stymphalus generic complex of the leafhopper tribe Scaphytopiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Old World. Zootaxa 713: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169479
03B7878EFFCAFFCAFEEAA3982C03ACE4.taxon	discussion	Remarks: V. japonica is closely related to V. rubrostriata but differs in having longer more slender ventral pygophore processes and longer aedeagal shaft having a narrow based ventro­apical process.	en	Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): A revision of the Varta­Stymphalus generic complex of the leafhopper tribe Scaphytopiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Old World. Zootaxa 713: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169479
03B7878EFFC9FFCBFEEAA1302A7EADCC.taxon	description	Male genitalia: Pygophore produced caudally into a ribbonlike process, ventral process in contact with it up to distal 0.25 length then divergent, ventral process curved ventrally. Segment X with very small denticles. Subgenital plate caudally rounded. Apophysis of style slender, evenly curved and narrowed distally. Aedeagus less sinuate, shaft elongate, ventro­apical process about 0.33 as long as shaft, its basal 0.3 in close proximity with shaft, dorso­apical ridge more distal than in other species of Va rt a, dorsal apodeme stout. Female genitalia: Seventh sternum twice as broad as long, medially broadly produced caudally with a median notch. Measurements: Male 6.1 (5.7 – 6.4) mm long, 1.3 mm wide across hind margin of head, 1.4 mm wide across hind margin of pronotum. Female 7.4 mm long, 1.5 mm wide across hind margin of head, 1.7 mm wide across hind margin of pronotum.	en	Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): A revision of the Varta­Stymphalus generic complex of the leafhopper tribe Scaphytopiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Old World. Zootaxa 713: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169479
03B7878EFFC9FFCBFEEAA1302A7EADCC.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: TAIWAN: Syntype ɗ, <Formosa, Matsumura [printed]> <Tappan, 24 / 12 / 07 [hand written on reverse of the first label]> <5 [blue label]> (EIHU). Other material: TAIWAN: Formosa: 1 ɗ, i. 1916 [struck and overwritten on Dec. 1913], F. Muir; 1 Ψ, Lienhuachih, 650 m, Nantou Hsien, viii. 1984, K. S. Lin & K. C. Chou, Malaise trap, Yalin Zhang China; 1 ɗ, 3 Ψ, same data but collected on ix. 1984; 3 ɗ, 1 Ψ, same data but collected on xi. 1984. C. Taiwan: 1 ɗ, Tungpu, 1200 m, Nantou Hsien, 25 – 29. ix. 1980, L. Y. Chou & T. Lin; 1 ɗ, 1 Ψ, same data but collected on 18 – 23. xi. 1981 by T. Lin and W. S. Tang; 1 Ψ, same data but collected on 10 – 14. i. 1983 by K. C. Chou and P. Huang; 1 ɗ, same data but collected on xi. 1985 by K. S. Lin. E. Taiwan: 2 ɗ, 7 Ψ Fuli, Hwalien­Tungha, Taitung, Hsien, 9 – 11. xi. 1982, K. C. Chou & S. P. Huang, 1 Ψ, same data but collected on 16. ii. 1984 by K. C. Chou and C. L. Pau; 1 Ψ, Horisha, xii. 1913, F. Muir (BMNH, BPBM, UAS, TARI). S. CHINA: 1 ɗ, Foochow [Fu­chai], iii. 1936, M. S. Yang (BMNH).	en	Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): A revision of the Varta­Stymphalus generic complex of the leafhopper tribe Scaphytopiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Old World. Zootaxa 713: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169479
03B7878EFFC9FFCBFEEAA1302A7EADCC.taxon	discussion	Remarks: V. rubrovittata resembles V. rubrofasciata but differs in the shape of male pygophore and the aedeagus especially in having much straighter, elongate, aedeagal shaft with longer ventro­apical process and slender apophysis of the style.	en	Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): A revision of the Varta­Stymphalus generic complex of the leafhopper tribe Scaphytopiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Old World. Zootaxa 713: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169479
03B7878EFFC8FFCBFEEAA7D82D35A9AB.taxon	description	Coloration and structure as in V. rubrostriata Male genitalia: Pygophore with dorsal membranous lobe extending caudally along with ventral sclerotized process, which is caudally curved ventrally; a few (2 – 3) setae at base dorsad of membranous lobe. Segment X elongate with slightly longer toothlike processes holding the apex of aedeagal shaft in place. Style with well­developed preapical lobe, apophysis of style laterally curved, rugulose with a tooth before apex. Connective as in V. rubrostriata. Aedeagus with well­developed dorsal apodeme, shaft strongly constricted and with a triangular process at base, uneven in width, slightly narrowed at mid length, apex strongly caudally curved, with a dorsal ridge, gonopore on caudal region, process beneath gonopore straight, directed caudo­ventrally. Measurements: Male 5.9 mm long, 1.3 mm wide across hind margin of head and 1.4 mm wide across hind margin of pronotum.	en	Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): A revision of the Varta­Stymphalus generic complex of the leafhopper tribe Scaphytopiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Old World. Zootaxa 713: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169479
03B7878EFFC8FFCBFEEAA7D82D35A9AB.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: S. CHINA: holotype ɗ, Fukien: Chungan: Kuatun, 2. i. 1941, T. C. Maa (BPBM). Other material: S. CHINA: 1 Ψ, Fukien: Luki: Pushih, 11. xi. 1938, T. C. Maa (BMNH).	en	Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): A revision of the Varta­Stymphalus generic complex of the leafhopper tribe Scaphytopiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Old World. Zootaxa 713: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169479
03B7878EFFC8FFCBFEEAA7D82D35A9AB.taxon	discussion	Remarks: V. sympatrica occurs together with V. japonica in southern parts of China and hence the name sympatrica. It can be easily recognised from the latter by the pygophore with both the processes being in contact throughout their length and ventral sclerotized process curved ventrally near distal end and by the aedeagal shaft basally constricted and with apex curved caudally. The female is only tentatively associated with the holotype male. Its measurements are 7.0 mm long, 1.5 mm wide across hind margin of head and 1.7 mm wide across hind margin of pronotum and its seventh sternum 1.25 times as wide as long, medially broadly produced, bilobed medially.	en	Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): A revision of the Varta­Stymphalus generic complex of the leafhopper tribe Scaphytopiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Old World. Zootaxa 713: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169479
03B7878EFFD7FFD4FEEAA4382F87AAB3.taxon	description	Coloration and structure as in V. rubrostriata. Male genitalia: Ventral sclerotized process of pygophore slender caudally directed, sinuate (Papua New Guinea population) or straight with a dorsal bend near distal 0.25 (Australian population). Segment X with a pair of slender elongate processes in distal 0.25. Subgenital plate distally with rounded margin, bases of spines dark pigmented. Style with apophysis broad at mid length, surface strongly rugulose. Shaft of aedeagus broadly curved at base, sinuate in basal half, either slender elongate (Papua New Guinea population) or shorter and stouter (Australian population), ventro­apical unpaired process rather straight, wider at mid length, bladelike triangular dorsal ridge well­developed. Female genitalia: Seventh sternum about 1.5 times as broad as long, hind margin broadly medially produced with a median notch. Measurements: Male 5.0 – 5.3 mm long, 1.1 mm wide across hind margin of head, 1.1 mm wide across hind margin of pronotum. Female 5.7 (5.3 – 6.0) mm long, 1.3 (1.2 – 1.3) mm wide across hind margin of head, 1.4 mm wide across hind margin of pronotum.	en	Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): A revision of the Varta­Stymphalus generic complex of the leafhopper tribe Scaphytopiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Old World. Zootaxa 713: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169479
03B7878EFFD7FFD4FEEAA4382F87AAB3.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: PAPUA NEW GUINEA: holotype ɗ, W. district, Oriomo Govt. Sta. 26 – 28. x. 1960, J. L. Gressitt Collection (BPBM). Paratypes: 2 Ψ, data as for holotype; 1 ɗ, West District, Oriomo, 3 m (4.8 Km), 6. viii. 1964, E. Clissold collection; 1 ɗ, Ruka, 9 m (14.4 Km), 12. viii. 1964, E. Clissold, Light trap; 1 ɗ Lae, Singuawa R. 147 ° 10 E, 6 ° 45 S, 30 m, 8. iv. 1966, O. R. Wilk es, Light trap (BMNH, BPBM). AUSTRALIA: 2 ɗ, 2 Ψ, Queensland, Ingham, 13. vi. 1961, Light trap, R. Straatman; 1 Ψ, same data but collected on 7. iv. 1911 by K. L. Harley (ANIC). PAPUA NEW GUINEA: 1 Ψ, N. E. Papua: Mt Lamington, 1300 – 1500 feet (394 – 455 m), C. T. McNamara (SAM); 1 Ψ, Aroa Estate, 1 mi (1.6 Km) W. of Red Scar Bay, 29. ix. 1958, J. L. Gressitt (BPBM). PHILLIPINES: 1 ɗ, Ifugao Pro: Liwo, 8 Km E Mayoyao, 1000 – 1300 m, 7. vi. 1967, H. M. Torrevillas, Light trap; 1 Ψ, Culion Is. 12. vi. 1962, E. Holtmann, Malaise trap (BPBM).	en	Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): A revision of the Varta­Stymphalus generic complex of the leafhopper tribe Scaphytopiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Old World. Zootaxa 713: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169479
03B7878EFFD7FFD4FEEAA4382F87AAB3.taxon	discussion	Remarks: V. longula can be distinguished from other species of Va rt a by the elongate processes of the segment X, caudally directed, sinuate pygophore processes and the structure of aedeagus.	en	Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): A revision of the Varta­Stymphalus generic complex of the leafhopper tribe Scaphytopiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Old World. Zootaxa 713: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169479
03B7878EFFD7FFD5FEEAA31A2AF8ADCC.taxon	description	Coloration and structure similar to that in V. rubrostriata. Male genitalia: Pygophore lobe caudally produced bifid, dorsal lobe membranous, ventral lobe sclerotized and caudo­ventrally slightly curved with an acute apex. Segment X with a pair of ventral denticles. Subgenital plate caudally rounded, with numerous setae. Apophysis of style slender, gradually tapering distally, with rugulose surface. Aedeagus with dorsal apodeme well­developed, shaft tubular, uniformly curved and narrowed distally with a pair of apical laterally diverging processes, gonopore apical between the bases of processes. Measurements: Male 6.2 mm long, 1.3 mm wide across hind margin of head, 1.4 mm wide across hind margin of pronotum.	en	Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): A revision of the Varta­Stymphalus generic complex of the leafhopper tribe Scaphytopiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Old World. Zootaxa 713: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169479
03B7878EFFD7FFD5FEEAA31A2AF8ADCC.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: THAILAND: holotype ɗ, Supanburi, Sugarcane, 20. xi. 1920, Tipras Coll. (BMNH).	en	Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): A revision of the Varta­Stymphalus generic complex of the leafhopper tribe Scaphytopiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Old World. Zootaxa 713: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169479
03B7878EFFD7FFD5FEEAA31A2AF8ADCC.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Though externally appears similar to other species of Varta, V. bifida differs from them in having very distinctive aedeagus. It lacks the unpaird ventral apical process, and the dorsal bladelike ridge and the shaft is evenly curved rather than sinuate.	en	Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): A revision of the Varta­Stymphalus generic complex of the leafhopper tribe Scaphytopiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Old World. Zootaxa 713: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169479
03B7878EFFD6FFD6FEEAA7D82D0EAED4.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Vartalapa robusta sp. nov. Medium sized leafhoppers, 6.8 to 7.2 mm long. Bluish green species with orange stripes on pronotum and forewings. Vertex anteriorly triangularly produced, transition between vertex and face carinate. Ocelli placed close to adjacent eye on margin. Frontoclypeus with a slight constriction near base of antennae. Clypeus slightly wider distally than at base, and 0.37 to 0.49 as long as frontoclypeus, not exceeding genal curve. Pronotum flat, 2.4 and 2.6 times as wide as median length, lateral margins curved. Forewing about 4 times as long as wide; apices obliquely truncate; inner anteapical cell open behind. Arrangement of spines on hind tibia R 1 22 + 1, R 2 11 + 1, R 3 21. Hind basitarsus with 3 platellae. Male pygophore lobe narrowed caudally terminating in a sclerotized process, a slender membranous process and a subcaudal membranous rounded lobe, without long stout setae. Anal collar elongate as long as pygophore, without processes. Valve triangular. Subgenital plate triangular or quadrate, separate with irregularly arranged long and short setae. Connective and style extending anteriorly much beyond anterior margins of pygophore. Style with inner anterior angle slender, elongate. Apophysis of style with antero­caudal angle produced into an acute process, surface transversely rugose. Connective and aedeagus fused; arms of connective in contact with each other. Aedeagus simple, tubular, with a pair of ventral processes exceeding aedeagal shaft, gonopore apical. Female seventh sternum with caudal and lateral depression; ovipositor longer than pygophore.	en	Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): A revision of the Varta­Stymphalus generic complex of the leafhopper tribe Scaphytopiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Old World. Zootaxa 713: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169479
03B7878EFFD6FFD6FEEAA7D82D0EAED4.taxon	discussion	Remarks: This genus is very homogenous and shares the characters of Stymphalus and Shivania in having fused aedeagus and connective but differs from these in its peculiar structure of pygophore which has both a ribbon like membranous process found in Va r ta and a membranous rounded lobe. The connective and style are anteriorly projected beyond anterior margin of the pygophore, a character not found in any other genera of this complex. The genus appears to be related to Shivania but has ventral paraphysis to the aedeagal shaft and well articulated tenth segment.	en	Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): A revision of the Varta­Stymphalus generic complex of the leafhopper tribe Scaphytopiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Old World. Zootaxa 713: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169479
03B7878EFFD6FFD6FEEAA7D82D0EAED4.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Oriental: Indo­Australian region.	en	Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): A revision of the Varta­Stymphalus generic complex of the leafhopper tribe Scaphytopiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Old World. Zootaxa 713: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169479
03B7878EFFD5FFD6FEEAA69A2F9CA9A1.taxon	description	Coloration and structure similar to Vartalapa robusta. Male genitalia: Pygophore narrowed and directed caudo­ventrally into a sclerotized process, with a mesal rounded lobe on caudal margin and an elongated ribbonlike process on dorsal margin. Subgenital plates separate with evenly curved lateral margins. Style similar to that in V. robusta but apophysis stouter and subapical lobe less produced. Fused aedeagus and connective not as curved as in V. robusta, shaft separated throughout its length from ventral processes which are serrated in distal region along dorsal margin and are more slender and elongated. Aedeagal shaft apically flared. Measurements: Male 6.8 mm long, 1.4 mm wide across hind margin of head and 1.5 – 1.6 mm wide across hind margin of pronotum.	en	Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): A revision of the Varta­Stymphalus generic complex of the leafhopper tribe Scaphytopiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Old World. Zootaxa 713: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169479
03B7878EFFD5FFD6FEEAA69A2F9CA9A1.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: MALAYSIA: holotype ɗ, MALAYA: Kuala Lumpur, at light, 21. xi. 1924, Ex. F. M. S. Museum, B. M. 1955 ­ 354 (BMNH). Paratype: SARAWAK: 1 ɗ, vi – ix. 1958, T. C. Maa Collector, Bishop (BPBM).	en	Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): A revision of the Varta­Stymphalus generic complex of the leafhopper tribe Scaphytopiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Old World. Zootaxa 713: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169479
03B7878EFFD5FFD6FEEAA69A2F9CA9A1.taxon	discussion	Remarks: V. m a l a y a n a differs from V. ro b u s t a in having less anteriorly produced connective and style beyond anterior margin of pygophore, slender, elongate ventral processes of aedeagus which are distally serrated. Aedeagus is separated from ventral process and apically flared. Anal segments are more slender and elongate in malayana compared to those in robusta.	en	Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): A revision of the Varta­Stymphalus generic complex of the leafhopper tribe Scaphytopiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Old World. Zootaxa 713: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169479
03B7878EFFD4FFD7FEEAA4382DB6A9FB.taxon	description	Predominantly bluish green with orange stripes. Vertex paler with grayish hue, two spots on margin, one near apex and another anterior to ocelli black, a spot behind anterior black spot and stripe on inner margin of eye orange. Face paler with dorsal depressions fuscous, lateral margins of fronto­clypeus, basal 0.25 of clypeus, a large spot beneath outer margin of eyes dorsally margined by dark brown, a spot beneath inner lower angle of eye and another adjacent to lorum across gena orange. Anterior margin of pronotum pale, four longitudinal stripes, two on either side of median line, but not reaching anterior margin orange. Pro­pleura beneath lateral carina with black stripe, scutellum lemon yellow, front wing bluish green with longitudinal orange stripes as shown in Fig. 39, apical cells transparent fuscous brown except basal half of outer apical cell, a dark fuscous fascia on outer apical vein. Ventral area ochraceous. Legs spotted with black especially apical areas of femora and bases of spines on tibiae. Male genitalia: Pygophore with dorsal and anterior margin making almost a right angle, caudal lobe membranous with marginal and submarginal stout setae and caudo­ventral angle produced into a scletorized process, a membranous elongate lobe arising on pygophore at the place where tenth segment articulates. Valve triangular with rounded caudal angle. Subgenital plates separate, leaflike with scattered macrosetae, outer margin with a slight concavity. Style with a slender apophysis, outer apical margin produced into a beaklike process, rugulose more so along inner margin, subapical lobe well­developed. Aedeagus membranous with ventral sclerotized area, apex not flared, oppressed to a pair of smooth ventral processes extending beyond apex of aedeagus, apices of process distally divergent. Female genitalia: Seventh sternum produced into a narrow, bilobed medial structure. Bases of eighth sternites exposed as lateral bulbous structures. Measurements: Male 6.8 mm long, 1.4 mm wide across posterior margin of head, 1.6 mm wide across hind margin of pronotum. Female 7.2 mm long, 1.5 mm wide across hind margin of head, 1.65 mm wide across hind margin of pronotum.	en	Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): A revision of the Varta­Stymphalus generic complex of the leafhopper tribe Scaphytopiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Old World. Zootaxa 713: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169479
03B7878EFFD4FFD7FEEAA4382DB6A9FB.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: LAOS: holotype ɗ, Sayaboury Prov. Sayaboury, 2. iii. 1966, Malaise trap, native collector, Bishop Mus. (BPBM). Paratypes: 1 Ψ data as in holotype (BMNH); THAILAND: 1 Ψ, Banna, 5 – 10. v. 1958, T. C. Maa, Light trap, Bishop (BPBM).	en	Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): A revision of the Varta­Stymphalus generic complex of the leafhopper tribe Scaphytopiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Old World. Zootaxa 713: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169479
03B7878EFFD4FFD7FEEAA4382DB6A9FB.taxon	discussion	Remarks: V. robusta is closely related to V. malayana sp. nov. but differs in the structure of male genital characters as discussed under that species.	en	Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): A revision of the Varta­Stymphalus generic complex of the leafhopper tribe Scaphytopiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Old World. Zootaxa 713: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169479
03B7878EFFD3FFD0FEEAA4382DA2ABF3.taxon	description	Colouration and structure similar to those in V. robusta. Male genitalia: Pygophore narrowed caudally and directed caudo­ventrally into a sclerotized process, a round membranous lobe on caudo­dorsal margin and an elongate, ribbonlike membranous process at the point of articulation with segment X. Subgenital plate rectangular with scattered macrosetae. Tenth segment broader than long. Style with outer angle of apophysis produced into a beaklike structure, inner angle rounded, sculptured. A pair of caudally diverging processes each expanded into a triangular structure with serrated margin arising from base of aedeagus, aedeagal shaft membranous, tubular, with a distal rounded expansion. Gonopore apical. Female genitalia: Seventh sternum twice as broad as long, with lateral extensions, hind margin medially concavely excavated, caudal margin and pleuron sclerotized and pigmented. Measurements: Male and female 6.8 mm long, 1.4 mm wide across hind margin of head, 1.6 mm across hind margin of pronotum.	en	Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): A revision of the Varta­Stymphalus generic complex of the leafhopper tribe Scaphytopiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Old World. Zootaxa 713: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169479
03B7878EFFD3FFD0FEEAA4382DA2ABF3.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: CHINA: holotype ɗ, Fujian: Wuyi: Sangang, 750 m, 18. viii. 1988, Z. Q. Yang, Northwestern Agril University (BMNH, NWAU). Paratypes: 1 Ψ, data as for holotype but collected on 20. viii. 1988; 1 ɗ, Fujian: Jinyang: Aotou, 28. x. 1974, J. K. Yang, Beijing Agricultural University (NWAU).	en	Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): A revision of the Varta­Stymphalus generic complex of the leafhopper tribe Scaphytopiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Old World. Zootaxa 713: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169479
03B7878EFFD3FFD0FEEAA4382DA2ABF3.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Vartalapa curvata is related to both malayana and robusta but differs in having paraphyses that are expanded with serrated margin caudally.	en	Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): A revision of the Varta­Stymphalus generic complex of the leafhopper tribe Scaphytopiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Old World. Zootaxa 713: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169479
03B7878EFFD3FFD1FEEAA1DA2D0EAC44.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Vartatopa bifurcata sp. nov. Medium sized leafhoppers, 7.0 mm long. Bluish green with red stripes on head, thorax and front wings. Vertex triangularly produced, depressed in apical half, transition between vertex and face angular with anterior carina reflexed dorsally, 1.9 times as long as inter ocular width, 1.4 times as long as pronotum. Face concave in profile. Frontoclypeus parallel sided, clypellus slightly wider apically than at base, 0.32 times as long as frontoclypeus. Ocelli on anterior margin. Pronotum more than twice as wide as long, lateral margin carinate, posteriorly widened. Front wing about four times as long as wide, apices obliquely truncate, inner anteapical cell basally open. Arrangement of setae on hind tibia R 1 21, R 2 10, R 3 17. Hind basitarsus with three platellae. Male pygophore with a pair of well­developed dorsal apodemes on anterior margin, longer than height, caudally bilobed, with macrosetae on dorsal margin. Valve and subgenital plates fused to form a median plate bilobed caudally, with a sclerotized caudo­lateral process and with numerous stout setae arranged irregularly. Anal segment about as long as pygophore, segment X with a caudo­ventrally directed distally bilobed sclerotized process. Style robust, preapical lobe poorly developed, apophysis elongate, fingerlike with a median tooth, transversely rugulose. Connective articulated with aedeagus, Y­shaped, with arms in contact with each other in anterior half. Aedeagus robust, L­shaped, with welldeveloped anteriorly directed dorsal apodeme, with a pair of ventral paraphyses, gonopore subapical, on caudal margin.	en	Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): A revision of the Varta­Stymphalus generic complex of the leafhopper tribe Scaphytopiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Old World. Zootaxa 713: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169479
03B7878EFFD3FFD1FEEAA1DA2D0EAC44.taxon	discussion	Remarks: The genus resembles some species of Xenovarta but differs in the male genitalia in having strongly sclerotized process of subgenital plate and segment X and in the structure of aedeagus.	en	Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): A revision of the Varta­Stymphalus generic complex of the leafhopper tribe Scaphytopiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Old World. Zootaxa 713: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169479
03B7878EFFD3FFD1FEEAA1DA2D0EAC44.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Oriental: Indo­Australian region.	en	Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): A revision of the Varta­Stymphalus generic complex of the leafhopper tribe Scaphytopiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Old World. Zootaxa 713: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169479
03B7878EFFD2FFD1FEEAA6502D4BA81B.taxon	description	Predominantly bluish green with red stripes. Lateral margins of vertex with a red stripe with a more anterior black dot, posterior half orange. Face green with yellow margins. Pronotum anteriorly and laterally orange yellow, rest bluish green with four red stripes. Scutellum pale orange with two obscure orange stripes. Front wing bluish green with red stripes as in Fig. 43. Male genitalia: Cephalic region of pygophore with prominent tergal apodemes, tergum with dorsal marginal thickening which is broken at point of articulation with segment X, beyond this with a mesal inflexion which holds the body of aedeagus in place. Segment X stout, dorsal half sclerotized, with a caudo­ventral bifid process. Subgenital plate and valve as in generic diagnosis. Aedeagus placed more dorsally, most of shaft placed beyond dorsal margin of pygophore. Aedeagus broadest in middle, with anteriorly directed welldeveloped dorsal apodeme, shaft abruptly turned dorsally almost at right angles, narrowed distally with a pair of lateral toothlike processes at mid length and another pair adjacent to gonopore, antero­dorsally compressed, spatulate near apex, gonopore subapical with a narrow laminar ridgelike extension on either side; preatrium of aedeagus produced into ventro­caudally directed paraphyses. Measurements: Male 6.9 mm long, 1.4 mm wide across hind margins of head, 1.6 mm wide across hind margin of pronotum.	en	Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): A revision of the Varta­Stymphalus generic complex of the leafhopper tribe Scaphytopiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Old World. Zootaxa 713: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169479
03B7878EFFD2FFD1FEEAA6502D4BA81B.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: THAILAND: holotype ɗ, Nakhon Rat., Chasima, Chasm Sunat, 23. ix. 1987, O. Somsri (BMNH).	en	Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): A revision of the Varta­Stymphalus generic complex of the leafhopper tribe Scaphytopiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Old World. Zootaxa 713: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169479
03B7878EFFD2FFD1FEEAA6502D4BA81B.taxon	discussion	Remarks: A. bifurcata can be distinguished by the marginal red stripe to vertex, robust body and by the characteristic male genitalia.	en	Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): A revision of the Varta­Stymphalus generic complex of the leafhopper tribe Scaphytopiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Old World. Zootaxa 713: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169479
03B7878EFFD1FFD2FEEAA4382D0EAAB4.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Xenovarta acuta sp. nov. Medium sized leafhoppers, 5.9 – 7.7 mm long. Green to bluish with red stripes on head, thorax and front wings. Vertex anteriorly triangularly produced; apical half depressed with a series of fine longitudinal wrinkles, transition between vertex and face angular, carinate, reflexed dorsally 1.76 to 2.7 times as long as inter ocular width. Frontoclypeus rather of uniform width to bases of antennae where it is constricted then widened. Clypellus variable in width, either as wide at base as apex or slightly wider either at base or at apex, 0.3 – 0.44 as long as frontoclypeus. Ocelli on anterior margin, placed close to adjacent eye. Pronotum flat, lateral margins carinate, more than twice (2.11 – 2.54) as wide as median length. Front wings about 4 times as long as wide, apices obliquely truncate; inner anteapical cell basally open. Arrangement of spines on hind tibia R 1 22 ± 1, R 2 11 ± 1, R 3 18 ± 1. Hind basitarsus with three platellae. Male pygophore without slender, elongate membranous process, lobe either simple or produced with triangular lobe caudally with elongate setae, often with a sclerotized thickening along length of pygophore lobe. Anal collar short, not exceeding length of pygophore. Valve and subgenital plates fused to form a median plate, with variously developed dorsal sclerotized pad on caudal margin closely associated with caudal end of apophysis of style; with an oblique row of stout setae laterally. Style with well­developed subapcial lobe, apophysis rugulose, either short or elongate. Aedeagus and connective articulated, connective rather Y­shaped, with arms of Y close together. Aedeagus variable, often compressed either symmetrical or asymmetrical with or without processes, gonopore subapical or arising at mid length. Female seventh sternum with variously curved concave hind margin; eighth sternites exposed when deeply excavated, ovipositor exceeding pygophore.	en	Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): A revision of the Varta­Stymphalus generic complex of the leafhopper tribe Scaphytopiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Old World. Zootaxa 713: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169479
03B7878EFFD1FFD2FEEAA4382D0EAAB4.taxon	discussion	Remarks: This genus as conceived here includes heterogeneous elements brought together by the fused subgenital plates and valve, articulated aedeagus and connective and well­developed subapical lobe and rather elongate rugulose apophysis of style.	en	Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): A revision of the Varta­Stymphalus generic complex of the leafhopper tribe Scaphytopiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Old World. Zootaxa 713: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169479
03B7878EFFD1FFD2FEEAA4382D0EAAB4.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Oriental: Indo­Australian region.	en	Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): A revision of the Varta­Stymphalus generic complex of the leafhopper tribe Scaphytopiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Old World. Zootaxa 713: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169479
03B7878EFFD0FFDCFEEAA6502A7EAC44.taxon	description	Greenish ochraceous with orange stripes. Head, pronotum and scutellum with orange longitudinal stripes, two small black spots on either side of median line near apex of vertex lateral area traversed by a stripe continued on pronotum and scutellum then on to clavus as median pair, pronotum with additional lateral stripe continued on clavus as lateral stripe. Wings yellowish green with green veins, apical margin with transverse brown band, apical margin grey. Frontoclypeus with a median area lemon yellow to orange, median stripe with numerous oblique brownish lines, lateral area of genae orange, ventral areas of thorax abdomen and legs ochraceous, coloration very similar to that in cylindrica. Vertex acute triangularly produced, lateral margins sharp, reflexed, 2.22 – 2.7 times as long as inter ocular distance, 1.7 – 2.0 as long as pronotum. Face in profile concave, clypellus as wide at base as at apex. Male genitalia: Pygophore caudally produced with numerous macrosetae in caudal half. Segment X short, not exceeding pygophore. Subgenital plates and valve fused to form a median plate with a median slit in caudal 0.25, devoid of macrosetae, with a pair of sclerotized lobes dorsally. Style with antero­lateral angle comparatively well­developed, preapical lobe well­developed, apophysis short, stout, transversely rugulose in distal half. Connective Y­shaped, stem half as long as arms, quadrate, arms in contact with each other. Aedeagus with well­developed dorsal apodeme, and preatrium, a pair of sclerotized, bladelike processes with apical hook and longer than shaft arise at base of shaft, aedeagal shaft compressed with gonopore arising at mid length on caudal margin. Female genitalia: Seventh sternum narrowed caudally, hind margin with a lateral depressed area, medially excavated in the form of V, the hind border more membranous. Eighth sternites exposed. Measurements: Male 7.1 – 7.6 mm long, 1.3 mm wide across hind margin of head, 1.5 mm wide across hind margin of pronotum. Female 7.4 (7.2 – 7.7) mm long, 1.4 mm wide across hind margin of head, 1.5 (1.4 – 1.6) mm wide across hind margin of pronotum.	en	Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): A revision of the Varta­Stymphalus generic complex of the leafhopper tribe Scaphytopiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Old World. Zootaxa 713: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169479
03B7878EFFD0FFDCFEEAA6502A7EAC44.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: S. CHINA: holotype ɗ, Hong Kong Is: near University of Hong Kong, 4. vii. 1992, M. R. Wilson, Sweeping low vegetation and shrubs (BMNH). Paratypes: 2 Ψ, data as for holotype (BMNH); CHINA: 2 ɗ, 1 Ψ, Hunan: Mt Hengshan, 8 ­ viii. 1985, Y. L. Zhang & Y. H. Chai, NW Agricultural University; 1 Ψ, Fujian: Jinyang, Dazulan, 27. x. 1974, Y. K. Yang, Beijing Agricultural University (NWAU). Other material: 1 specimen (with abdomen missing) CHINA: Hunan: Mt Hengshan, 8 ­ viii. 1985, Y. L. Zhang & Y. H. Chai, NW Agricultural University (NWAU).	en	Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): A revision of the Varta­Stymphalus generic complex of the leafhopper tribe Scaphytopiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Old World. Zootaxa 713: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169479
03B7878EFFD0FFDCFEEAA6502A7EAC44.taxon	discussion	Remarks: This is the largest among the species of Xenovarta and can be easily recognised by the basal processes to the aedeagus. It shares the opening of the gonopore at midlength of shaft with H. compressa but only distantly related to it.	en	Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): A revision of the Varta­Stymphalus generic complex of the leafhopper tribe Scaphytopiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Old World. Zootaxa 713: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169479
03B7878EFFDFFFDDFEEAA6502F35AEAC.taxon	description	Bluish green, vertex, pronotum and scutellum yellowish orange, a chocolate brown spot on either side of median line at apex of vertex from which arises a red longitudinal stripe reaching posterior margin but broken in middle. Pronotum with two red stripes on either side of median line, mesal stripe interrupted at anterior region separating a round spot. Scutellum with faint orange stripe on either side of median line. Front wing with red stripes as in Fig. 47. Face with a median orange stripe running entire length of frontoclypeus and basal part of clypellus, a spot laterad of lorum and gena below eye orange, a few transverse oblique lines on frontoclypeus brown. Ventral part of thorax, legs and abdomen ochraceous. Vertex with lateral margins carinate, about 2.1 times as long as interocular width, 1.3 times as long as pronotum. Face in profile concave. Male genitalia: Pygophore caudally roundly produced, with numerous macrosetae, ventro­apical area with a series of microsetae. Segment X short not exceeding pygophore. Valve and subgenital plates fused with a median caudal short slit, and a pair of dorsal sclerotized lobes, lateral margin with a row of macrosetae. Style elongate, with well­developed preapical lobe, apophysis short, roundly expanded distally rugulose. Connective Yshaped, stem broad, apically flared, emarginate arms in contact with each other anteriorly. Aedeagus with well­developed dorsal apodeme, shaft compressed, curved, ventro­caudal margin rimmed laterally, dorsal margin bladelike, apex of shaft in lateral aspect footshaped with well­developed heel, gonopore at mid length on caudal margin. Measurements: Male 6.7 – 6.9 mm long, 1.3 mm wide across hind margin of head, 1.5 mm wide across hind margin of pronotum.	en	Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): A revision of the Varta­Stymphalus generic complex of the leafhopper tribe Scaphytopiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Old World. Zootaxa 713: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169479
03B7878EFFDFFFDDFEEAA6502F35AEAC.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: SABAH: holotype ɗ, British North Borneo: Ranau, 30. ix – 5. x. 1958, T. C. Maa collector (BPBM). Paratypes: 1 ɗ, data as for holotype; 1 specimen with abdomen missing, W coast Residency Ranau, 8 mi. (12.8 Km) N. Paring Hot Springs, 500 m, 9 – 18. x. 1958, T. C. Maa collector (BMNH, BPBM).	en	Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): A revision of the Varta­Stymphalus generic complex of the leafhopper tribe Scaphytopiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Old World. Zootaxa 713: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169479
03B7878EFFDFFFDDFEEAA6502F35AEAC.taxon	discussion	Remarks: X. compressa has similar pygophore as that of X. ankusha. It is unique among Xenovarta in having compressed aedeagal shaft with lateral rim to ventro­caudal margin.	en	Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): A revision of the Varta­Stymphalus generic complex of the leafhopper tribe Scaphytopiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Old World. Zootaxa 713: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169479
03B7878EFFDEFFDDFEEAA7782CFBA983.taxon	description	Dark bluish green, margins of vertex anterior to eyes bright red, without black spots, lateral area of vertex mesad of eyes paler. Face bluish green except ochraceous median area of fronto­clypeus, basal areas of clypellus and lora. Pronotum bluish green except anterior paler border, a faint median pair and brighter lateral pair of longitudinal stripes red. Scutellum medially and apically green, rest brownish ochraceous. Front wing bluish green, apical area transparent, pale brown, red stripes as in Fig. 48. Head acutely triangularly produced in front of eyes, lateral margins sharp, upturned, 2.6 times as long as inter­ocular width, 1.8 times as long as pronotum. Male genitalia: Pygophore caudally triangularly produced, with a number of macrosetae on caudo­dorsal area. Segment X broad, not exceeding pygophore. Valve and subgenital plates fused to form a median plate with a median slit extending almost 0.5 length of plate, with marginal row of macrosetae and a pair of caudal sclerotized lobes. Style with equally developed antero­lateral and antero­mesal angles, preapical lobe well­developed, apophysis long, with strong transverse rugulae, of uniform width and distally rounded. Connective Y­shaped, with stem short, arms long, in contact with each other anteriorly. Aedeagus with well­developed dorsal apodeme, shaft spatulate, twisted in distal half, terminated by two asymmetrically curved fingerlike processes, making it asymmetrical, gonopore subapical, arising on right hand side. Measurements: Male 6.7 mm long, 1.2 mm wide across hind margin of head, 1.4 mm wide across hind margin of pronotum.	en	Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): A revision of the Varta­Stymphalus generic complex of the leafhopper tribe Scaphytopiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Old World. Zootaxa 713: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169479
03B7878EFFDEFFDDFEEAA7782CFBA983.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: CHINA: holotype ɗ, Guangdong: Fengkai: Heishiding, 8. viii. 1986, H. Xiang, SunYet­sen University, Guangzhou: China (NWAU).	en	Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): A revision of the Varta­Stymphalus generic complex of the leafhopper tribe Scaphytopiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Old World. Zootaxa 713: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169479
03B7878EFFDEFFDDFEEAA7782CFBA983.taxon	discussion	Remarks: X. ankusha differs from other species of Xenovarta in having entire, conically produced pygophore and spatulate, medially twisted aedeagal shaft. It is not closely related to any of the included species in the genus though it shares the characters of the male pygophore with X. compressa.	en	Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): A revision of the Varta­Stymphalus generic complex of the leafhopper tribe Scaphytopiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Old World. Zootaxa 713: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169479
03B7878EFFDDFFDEFEEAA4382AC0A95B.taxon	description	Head, anterior margin of pronotum sometimes entire pronotum and scutellum orange yellow. Disc of pronotum, front wings bluish green with reddish orange stripes. Face yellowish ochraceous with a median orange stripe extending entire length of frontoclypeus, series of oblique stripes to frontoclypeus light brownish, ventral parts of thorax, abdomen and legs yellowish ochraceous. Face tumid, laterally obliquely depressed dorsally on either side, clypellus tumid in middle, distal half slightly depressed, broader basally than at apex. Male genitalia: Pygophore narrowed caudally, with a median oblique thickening in caudal half, both dorsal and ventral area membranous, bilobed apically, sparsely finely setose. Tenth segment well­developed. Subgenital plates and valve fused, with a caudal median slit, each lobe with lateral oblique row of stout setae. Plates rather triangular. Style broad basally, body short, with well­developed subapical lobe, apophysis thumblike with sculptured surface. Connective Y­shaped, arms close together, stem broad platelike. Aedeagus with short well­developed dorsal apodeme, shaft tubular, gradually curved with large apical gonopore on ventral margin. Female genitalia: Seventh sternum short, broad, with broadly V­shaped excavation on hind margin. Measurements: Male 6.0 (5.9 – 6.1) mm long, 0.97 (0.92 – 1.0) mm wide across hind margin of head, 1.3 (1.3 – 1.4) mm wide across hind margin of pronotum. Female 6.3 (6.1 – 6.5) mm long, 1.2 mm wide across hind margin of head, 1.4 mm wide across hind margin of pronotum.	en	Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): A revision of the Varta­Stymphalus generic complex of the leafhopper tribe Scaphytopiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Old World. Zootaxa 713: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169479
03B7878EFFDDFFDEFEEAA4382AC0A95B.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: VIETNAM: holotype ɗ, 36 Km S of Dalat, 1300 m, 10. ix. 1960, Dry Forest [printed] (broad leaf) [handwritten], J. L. Gressitt, Collector (BPBM). Paratypes: 2 ɗ, 6 Ψ, NW of Phan Rang, 8 – 16. xi. 1960, C. M. Yoshimoto Collector; 1 ɗ, 1 Ψ, 34 Km N Phan Rang, 9. xi. 1960, C. M. Yoshimoto Collector, Bishop Museum. CAMBO­ DIA: 1 ɗ, 2 Ψ, Kirirom, 700 m, 1 – 6. iv. 1961, N. R. Spencer, Coll. Bishop Museum (BMNH, BPBM, UAS).	en	Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): A revision of the Varta­Stymphalus generic complex of the leafhopper tribe Scaphytopiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Old World. Zootaxa 713: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169479
03B7878EFFDDFFDEFEEAA4382AC0A95B.taxon	discussion	Remarks: X. cylindrica can be easily recognised by its tumid frontoclypeus and basally broad clypellus apart from the male genitalia characters referred to in the key.	en	Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): A revision of the Varta­Stymphalus generic complex of the leafhopper tribe Scaphytopiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Old World. Zootaxa 713: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169479
03B7878EFFDDFFDFFEEAA3422CF0A95C.taxon	description	Light bluish green with red longitudinal stripes. A stripe along lateral margin of vertex continued along inner margin of head red, a spot anterior to stripe on vertex chocolate brown. Two stripes on pronotum on either side of median line not reaching anterior margin red. Scutellum medially yellowish with an orange longitudinal stripe on either side of median line. Front wing with red stripes as in Fig. 44. Face with a median reddish orange stripe traversing frontoclypeus and base of clypellus, an oblique stripe on gena dorsad of lorum and a longitudinal stripe beneath eyes continued on propleura and mesopleura as an orange stripe. Vertex with a median sulcus extending to 0.75 length, disc concave, margin sharp, 2.2 times as long as inter­ocular width, 1.4 times as long as pronotum. Male genitalia: Pygophore with truncate membranous caudal lobe, dorso­caudal angle triangularly produced, with ventro­caudally directed sclerotized area with bluntly pointed angle, a group of long setae at mid­dorsal area and a patch of microsetae on antero­ventral area. Segment X well sclerotized, elongate but not exceeding pygophore. Subgenital plates and valve fused to form a median plate with latero­caudal margin sclerotized supporting apex of style, with an oblique row of macrosetae and a lateral marginal hairlike short setae. Style with well­developed preapical lobe, apophysis long, slightly curved, broadened distally and with distal area rugulose. Connective Y­shaped, stem as long as arms, quadrate, arms in contact with each other. Aedeagus with well­developed dorsal apodeme, shaft tubular with an asymmetrical subapical gonopore on right side, with an apical pointed and another slightly recurved processes making the aedeagus asymmetrical. Female genitalia: Hind margin of seventh sternum sinuately curved with a median notch. Measurements: Male 6.5 mm long, 1.2 mm wide across hind margin of head, 1.5 mm wide across hind margin of pronotum. Female 6.5 mm long, 1.3 mm wide across hind margin of head, 1.5 mm wide across hind margin of pronotum.	en	Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): A revision of the Varta­Stymphalus generic complex of the leafhopper tribe Scaphytopiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Old World. Zootaxa 713: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169479
03B7878EFFDDFFDFFEEAA3422CF0A95C.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: SABAH: holotype ɗ, British N. Borneo: Ranau, 500 m, 28. ix­ 7. x. 1958, T. C. Maa collector, Secondary forest (BPBM). Paratypes: 1 ɗ, as in holotype. LAOS: 1 ɗ, 1 Ψ, Wapikhamthong, Prov. Wapi, 15. iii. 1967, Native collection, Rondon­ Bishop Mus. Collection, Light trap; 1 ɗ, data as above but collected on 30. iii. 1967 (BMNH, BPBM).	en	Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): A revision of the Varta­Stymphalus generic complex of the leafhopper tribe Scaphytopiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Old World. Zootaxa 713: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169479
03B7878EFFDDFFDFFEEAA3422CF0A95C.taxon	discussion	Remarks: In some specimens, the sclerotized band on pygophore is produced into a denticle with a subapical black spot on pygophore. X. harpago can at once be recognised by the truncate ventral median plate of the male genital capsule, a pointed and a hooked process of the aedeagal shaft in addition to other characters of the male genitalia among the species of the genus Xenovarta.	en	Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): A revision of the Varta­Stymphalus generic complex of the leafhopper tribe Scaphytopiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Old World. Zootaxa 713: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169479
